A grinding roller for bricks or blocks made of mineral material and a method for restoring a grinding roller

Description

2. These vibrations, often uncontrollable, become a critical problem to solve. They introduce instabilities that compromise the quality of the grinding work. They result in an alteration of the precision and uniformity of the results obtained, thus affecting the overall quality of the mechanical grinding process. The process of replacing the abrasive segments must take into account their positioning on the sleeve, which adds further complexity when replacing or repairing a grinding tool. 10 Despite previous advances, such as the "Segmental grinding wheel" disclosed by THE CARBORUNDUM COMPANY in 1934, the "Apparatus for grovingorgrindingpavement" presented by ELECTROLUX PROFESSIONAL OUTDOOR PRODUCTS, INC. (HUSQVARNA) in 1990, the "Segmented rotor" of KOEHRING COMPANY in 1986 and the "Cuttingheads" 15 of GREENSIDEMACHINE COMPANY, LIMITED in 1986, replacing worn diamond segments remains a challenge in terms of efficiency and practicality for operators. The prior US2032362A of THE CARBORUNDUM COMPANY presents a 20grinding wheel with abrasive segments arranged for optimal straight-line wear, while the prior US5083839A from ELECTROLUXPROFESSIONALOUTDOORPRODUCTS, INC. introduces a rotating drum with segments arranged at angles promoting increased grinding efficiency. Similarly, the prior US4720207A from KOEHRINGCOMPANY offers a segmented rotor allowing cuts of varying widths without complex disassembly, and the prior US3647265A from GREENSIDEMACHINECOMPANY, LIMITED presents a solution for the economical repair of drum-type cutting heads, enhancing their maintenance and efficiency. However, the complexity of repairing and unscrewing the diamond sectors depending on the number of interconnected sleeves, as well as BE2024 / 5927 3 and the vibrations observed in the grinding applications of construction materials with these earlier tools, pose significant challenges for mechanical grinding operations. This situation represents a major obstacle for operators seeking to achieve high levels of precision and 5performance in their grinding applications. Uncontrolled vibrations caused by the incorrect positioning of diamond segments compromise the quality of the grinding process. 10 The applicant therefore deemed it useful to propose a grinding roller simplifying the assembly, disassembly, and replacement of the abrasive segments and aimed at improving the stability, precision, and efficiency of the grinding tool. 15 Solution of the invention The invention relates to a grinding roller for bricks or blocks made of mineral material, which roller comprises a rotating shaft and a sleeve having a cylindrical external surface, the sleeve being applied around said shaft so as to be integral with the shaft, which roller is equipped with a plurality of abrasive segments applied to an external surface of the roller, said roller being characterized in that it comprises a set of 25 plates, each of the plates having a curvature in the form of a cylindrical segment and comprising a concave internal surface and a surface external parallel to the internal surface, the said plurality of segmentsis distributed over a surface formed by the external surfaces of all the plates, the abrasive segments applied to each of the plates being integral with the plates to which they are applied, each of the plates being applied in a removable manner to the sleeve and such that the internal surface of each plate conforms to the external surface of the sleeve. BE2024 / 5927 4 An advantage of the grinding roller and the plates according to the invention is that they allow the worn abrasive segments to be replaced without damaging the sleeve or the rotation shaft. Indeed, in the roller according to the invention, each plate, having a curvature in the shape of a cylindrical segment, acts as an intermediary between the sleeve and the abrasive segments, unlike grinding rollers known in the prior art in which the segments are directly brazed onto the sleeve or the shaft of rotation. According to the invention, when the 10 abrasive segments of a plate are worn, it is sufficient either to replace the worn segments or to prepare a new plate in order to replace the plate with the worn segments. This offersnumerous advantages such as, among others, not damaging the sleeve and therefore reducing vibrations, facilitating and accelerating assembly and disassembly. Rotating shaft and sleeve(s) The rotating shaft is preferably made of steel and is dimensioned 20 to withstand the mechanical stresses it undergoes during roller operation. Advantageously, the rotating shaft comprises a central cylindrical portion onto which the sleeve is applied. Two cylindrical ends of the rotating shaft are then arranged to be mechanically connected to a machine 25 for holding the roller horizontally, at least one end of which is arranged to be connected to a power source for rotating the roller. Both ends have, for example, a spline. In an advantageous embodiment, the diameter of the central cylindrical portion of the rotating shaft 30 is between 10 mm and 500 mm, preferably between 90 mm and 120 mm. The sleeve is a hollow part that allows the roller to have an outside diameter larger than the diameter of the rotation shaft BE2024 / 5927 5etc., all while limiting the total weight of the roller. At least for reasons of weight and vibration reduction, it is therefore not advisable to directly use a rotation shaft with a larger diameter on which the pads would be mounted. 5. The sleeve is typically a tube, preferably made of steel, for example ST52-3 steel, characterized by a length, an outside diameter, and a thickness. These parameters are dimensioned to withstand the mechanical stresses that the sleeve undergoes during the operation of the roller. The roller can comprise several sleeves; the number of sleeves can be adapted according to the desired grinding roller and is not limited to a single sleeve. In an advantageous embodiment, the roller comprises two sleeves, each characterized by a length between 100 mm and 1000 mm, an outside diameter between 100 mm and 1000 mm, and a thickness between 10 mm and 50 mm. The sleeve must be applied around the rotating shaft so as to be integral with the rotating shaft. Indeed, the assemblyshaft / sleeve must allow complete transmission of torque 20 during roller operation, etc. without causing damage. A poor assembly, in other words, when the shaft and the sleeve are not completely joined, can, for example, cause relative movement and vibrations between the sleeve and the shaft and consequently damage the assembly.25 To ensure that the sleeve and the shaft are joined, the roller preferably includes clamping rings to tighten the sleeve against the shaft. If several sleeves are applied around the shaft, to ensure that they are joined, the sleeves can be coupled by interlocking one inside the other by male / female couplings and / or pins. The male / female coupling allows the sleeves to be guided and correctly positioned on the same axis of rotation, the sleeves one inside the other. The pins create the connection that allows the transmission The coupling of one sleeve to another. To further improve the guidance and positioning of the sleeves, the sleeves can be coupled by interlocking.conical one inside the other by conical male / female coupling at an angle preferably between 1° and 7°, preferably between 3° and 5°, guaranteeing precise alignment and optimal structural integrity. In addition, this offers a robust solution for the replacement and installation of plates on the 10th grinding roller when it is necessary to remove and install the sleeves. Alternatively, several sleeves can be coupled by keys or any other coupling system known to a person skilled in the art.15 In an advantageous embodiment, the roller comprises two sleeves; the first sleeve is applied around the shaft by means of two clamping rings, preferably at each end of the first sleeve. The second sleeve is fitted into one end of the first sleeve by means of a tapered male / female coupling and by means of pins.20 The second sleeve is applied around the shaft by means of a third clamping ring at its second end. Plates having a cylinder segment curvature 25 The cylinder segment curvature of each plate is essentialThis plate is applied to the sleeve, which is cylindrical, so that its internal surface matches the external surface of the sleeve. The diameter of the internal surface of each plate is therefore logically approximately equivalent to the diameter of the external surface of the sleeve. The radius of curvature of the internal surface of each plate is preferably between 50 mm and 500 mm, or even more preferably between 80 mm and 150 mm. BE2024 / 5927 7 Furthermore, each plate can be characterized by a constant thickness corresponding to the distance between its external and internal surfaces. The thickness must be sufficient to withstand the mechanical stresses experienced during the use of the grinding roller. Ideally, the thickness of each plate is between 0.5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 4 mm and 13 mm, and even more preferably between 6 mm and 11 mm. Each plate is preferably made of steel. Each plate having a cylindrical segment curvature includes a peripheral edge that defines its overall shape. This peripheral edge can be straight, curved, or have any other geometry.depending on the needs of the invention, allowing each plate to adopt a configuration adapted to its use. Advantageously, to allow a precise fit between each plate, similar to a puzzle, the peripheral edge of each plate defines a rectangular shape equipped with teeth and openings so that the teeth of one plate engage in openings of neighboring plates, and vice versa. This geometry facilitates the positioning of the plates relative to each other during assembly, advantageously positions the abrasive segments so as to have an overlap of these with respect to each other. For each plate to be applied in a removable manner to the sleeve, the plates and the sleeve preferably comprise 25 holes aligned to obtain holes through the plates and the sleeve, each hole being arranged to receive a rod, where appropriate at least partially threaded, clamping each plate against the sleeve. Each plate preferably comprises four holes arranged to align with four corresponding 30 holes on the sleeve.Advantageously, the rod clamps each plate against the sleeve by means of a nut and optionally a washer, preferably from the inside, on the sleeve side, to prevent contamination of the orifice by external dust. The surface receiving the nut or washer and / or the head of the rod is preferably flattened to ensure good clamping on a flat surface. The head of the rod is preferably flattened and covers at least the orifice to prevent contamination. The orifices and rods are preferably at least partially rectangular in cross-section to prevent the rod from rotating in the void when the nut is worn. The nut solution avoids having to tap the sleeve and the plates. Indeed, it is simpler to replace the rod and The nut in case of damage to repair the thread in the sleeve 10 and / or in each plate. Alternatively, it is possible that the sleeve and / or each plate includes a thread in the openings and that tightening is carried out by the threaded rod and this thread. 15 The roller may include several plates of dimensionsdifferent in order to modulate the usable length of the tool according to the need. To facilitate and improve the precise positioning of the abrasive segments on the surface formed by the external surfaces of the plate assembly, the surface formed by the external surfaces of the plate assembly may include reference points such as marks, holes, grooves, notches, etc. 25 Abrasive Segments The roller comprises a plurality of abrasive segments distributed and applied to the surface formed by the external surfaces of the plate assembly so as to be each time integral with the plate to which they are applied. Each segment is arranged to come into contact with a brick or block to be ground and can therefore withstand significant mechanical stresses. For maximum hardness and minimum wear, the segments are preferably diamond-coated (BE2024 / 5927 9). To ensure that the segments and each plate to which they are applied are and remain bonded, the segments are preferably applied to the surface formed by the external surfaces of the assembly.plates by thermal assembly, such as brazing and / or welding.5 To ensure uniform grinding and to facilitate the application of the segments to the surface formed by the external surfaces of the plate set, the abrasive segments preferably have a curvature substantially in the shape of cylindrical segments10 so as to conform to the shape of the surface formed by the external surfaces of the plate set to which they are applied. To ensure homogeneous coverage of the external surface of each plate, the segments are preferably V-shaped. This "V" shape can be obtained for a single segment or alternatively by juxtaposing several segments, for example by juxtaposing several "I"-shaped segments so that they form a "V". Furthermore, the segments are preferably positioned in a staggered pattern to ensure homogeneous and continuous coverage of the sleeve. Ideally, to maximize and make the abrasive surface of the roller as homogeneous as possible, the roller includes several lines ofV-shaped segments spaced at a distance d, the neighboring lines preferably being offset along the length, advantageously by a distance d / 2, so that the tip of a V-shaped segment fits between two segments of the neighboring line. Advantageously, when the peripheral edge of each plate defines a rectangular shape equipped with teeth and openings to allow a precise fit between them, the teeth and openings are dimensioned according to the lines of the segments and the offset between each line. The invention also relates to a grinding roller plate according to the invention, the plate having a curvature BE2024 / 5927 10 formed of cylindrical segments and comprising a concave inner surface and an outer surface parallel to the inner surface, abrasive segments being applied to the outer surface of the plate so as to be integral with the plate, the plate being applied in a removable manner onto a sleeve and such that the inner surface of the plate conforms to the outer surface of the sleeve. The invention also relates to a method of restoring aA grinding roller according to the invention comprises a plate with worn abrasive segments, mounted in a detachable manner on a sleeve, said sleeve being mounted on a rotating shaft. The method comprises the step of replacing the plate with worn abrasive segments with a new operational plate. Replacing the plate with worn segments with a new operational plate preferably consists of preparing a new plate onto which new abrasive segments are applied, preferably by thermal bonding. The thermal bonding is preferably brazing and / or welding. Alternatively, the replacement may consist of keeping the plate and simply replacing the worn abrasive segments. In the case of the preparation of a new plate and / or to facilitate the replacement of worn abrasive segments, the method 25 may include a step of dismantling the plate with the worn segments. The method then also includes a step of assembling the plate. The method may also include a step of dismantling the sleeve of the rotation shaft or dismantling the plate withThe worn segments require access to the inside of the sleeve. For example, if the plate is applied by clamping onto the sleeve using a nut and a threaded rod, and the nut is inside the sleeve, then the method first includes a step of dismantling the sleeve before the step of dismantling the plate. When the method includes the step of dismantling the sleeve, it also includes a step of mounting the sleeve onto the shaft after mounting the plate onto the sleeve. The invention also relates to a machine for grinding bricks or building blocks made of mineral material, provided with a grinding roller according to the invention. Detailed Description The invention will now be explained in more detail, 15 with the aid of the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an overall view of a grinding roller according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is an exploded view of the grinding roller of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the grinding roller of Figure 1;Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a female sleeve of the grinding roller of Figure 1; Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a male sleeve of the grinding roller of Figure 1; Figure 6 is an overview of an insert of the grinding roller in Figure 1; Figure 7 is an overview of a plate, of the grinding roller of Figure 1, on which abrasive segments are applied; Figure 8 is a cross section of the rectification roller of Figure 1; BE2024 / 5927 12 Figure 9 is an enlargement of figure 8; Figure 10 is an exploded view of the rectification roller of Figure 1; Figure 11 is a diagram of a preferred method for refurbishing a grinding roller of Figure 1.5. Figures 1, 2, and 3 illustrate a grinding roller 1 for bricks or blocks made of mineral material according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention. The roller 1 comprises a rotating shaft 10 with a central cylindrical part 111 onto which two sleeves 12; 12' are applied so as to be integral withThe shaft 11. Two ends 112 of the shaft 11 have a groove in order to be mechanically connected to a machine and to keep the roller 1 horizontal. These grooves 15 also allow at least one of the ends 112 to be connected to a power source (not shown in the drawings) to set the roller 1 in rotation. To apply the two sleeves 12;12' securely to the shaft 11, the roller 1 includes three clamping rings 15;15';15'' to clamp the sleeves 12;12' against the shaft 11, more particularly against the cylindrical part 111. The sleeves 12;12' also each include a male or female end for interlocking with one another by male / female coupling. In particular, as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the sleeve 12 includes a female end 121 and the sleeve 12' a male end 121' so that the sleeve 12' fits into the sleeve 12. The sleeves 12;12' also include notches 122;122' for receiving pins (not shown) 30 to connect the sleeves 12; 12' and to allow the transmissioncoupled from one sleeve 12;12' to another. To optimize the guidance and positioning of the sleeves 12;12', the male ends 121' and female ends 121 are preferably conical at an angle between 1° and 7° with the axis of rotation. More precisely, the sleeve 12 is applied around the shaft 11 by means of the clamping flanges 15;15' while the sleeve 12' is fitted into the sleeve 12 and is applied against the shaft 11 by means of the clamping flange 15''. Holes 123 are provided in each sleeve to receive threaded rods. The roller illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 also includes a set of plates 13, each of which is applied in a removable manner to the sleeves 12; 12' such that the internal surface 10 131 of each plate 13 conforms to the external surface of the sleeves 12; 12'. Each plate 13, as illustrated in Figure 6, has a curvature in the form of a cylindrical segment and includes a concave internal surface 131 and an external surface 132 parallel to the internal surface 131. Each plate 13 includes a peripheral edge 15 defining openings 134; 134' and teeth133;133' of polygonal shapes. In this case, rectangular teeth 133' and trapezoidal teeth 133 so that the teeth 133;133' of one plate engage in the openings 134;134' of an adjacent plate and vice versa. The rectangular teeth 133'20 are preferably applied to the transverse edges and the trapezoidal teeth 133 to the longitudinal edges of the plate. Each plate also includes four holes 135, each intended to receive a threaded rod. Flattened surfaces 136 at the bottom of the holes are provided to receive the heads of the threaded rods 25. The roller 1 also comprises a plurality of abrasive segments 14 distributed and applied by thermal bonding to a surface formed by the external surfaces 132 of all the plates 1330 so as to be integral with each plate 13 to which they are applied. Each abrasive segment 14 has a curvature substantially in the shape of a cylindrical segment to better conform to the external surface 132 of the plate 13. For a maximum and most homogeneous abrasive surface possible, as illustrated in the figure7. For a plate, the roller comprises along its length several lines 141 of abrasive segments 14 in a "V" shape. The abrasive segments being placed at a distance ' from each other, the neighboring lines are offset along the length by a distance d / 2 so that the point 5 142 of a "V" segment engages in the space 143 between two segments of the neighboring line. The teeth 133; 133' and the openings 134; 134' formed by the peripheral edge of each plate are dimensioned taking into account the shape of the segments 114 and their arrangement. When the plates 13 are arranged end 10 to end on the sleeves 12; 12', the grinding roller 1 presents several lines of segments 14 especially at the periphery as shown in Figure 1. With reference to Figures 8, 9 and 10, in order for the assembly of plates 15 13 to be applied in a removable manner to the sleeves 12; 12', the four orifices 135 are arranged to be aligned with four orifices of a sleeve 12; 12' so as to obtain continuous orifices 116 through the plates 13 and the sleeves 12; 12'. Each orifice 16 thus obtained is arranged to receive a rod 20threaded 161 and to tighten each plate 13 against a sleeve 12;12'. The head 1611 of the rod 161 rests on a flattened surface 136 of the plate 13, while its end 1612 protrudes inward on the side of the sleeve 12;12' to accommodate a nut (not shown). The nut is engaged on the protruding end 1612 of the rod 161 and rests on a flattened surface 124;124' of the sleeve so as to tighten the plate against the sleeve. With reference to Figure 11, a preferred method for reconditioning a grinding roller as described in Figures 130 to 10, comprising a plate with worn abrasive segments mounted in a removable manner on a sleeve, said sleeve being mounted on a rotating shaft. BE2024 / 5927 15 The method preferably includes a first step Ad for dismantling the sleeve. In order to dismantle the plate, this step is indeed necessary if the nut is tightened from inside the sleeve. This step can be omitted if the original plate is retained. To dismantle the roller sleeve according to the 5