DNA EXTRACTION METHOD

Description

BE2024 / 5945 2 Saline precipitation, nucleic acid extraction using specific enzymes and / or chaotropic compounds, and magnetic bead extraction methods. In particular, magnetic bead extraction methods are known to be rapid, providing high-quality DNA while being low in toxicity. In a first step, the cells of a biological sample are lysed in a lysis solution to release the nucleic acid molecules from the cell. Magnetic beads are added to the lysis solution, allowing them to adsorb the nucleic acid molecules. Applying a magnetic field stabilizes the magnetic beads loaded with nucleic acid molecules. Then, one or more washing steps remove 10 impurities and an elution step allow the nucleic acids to be harvested in an elution solution. In this context, document CN103773754 describes a DNA extraction method for the detection of DNA residues comprising DNA extractionfrom samples extracted by magnetic beads. DNA extraction according to this document includes (i) a lysis (digestion) step by a solution comprising proteinase K, heparin and 2µg of transfer RNA (tRNA) by extraction tube, (ii) a DNA binding step to the magnetic beads, and (iii) a DNA washing and elution step. Document CN117802086 concerns the technical field of nucleic acid extraction, and in particular a nucleic acid extraction kit and a nucleic acid extraction method. The extraction kit includes, in addition, a nucleic acid precipitation aid, preferably polysaccharides, mixtures of nucleic acids, and / or linear acrylamide. This document also mentions that the nucleic acid precipitation aid is preferably chosen from potassium salt of Poly A, total RNA of Escherichia coli, total RNA of yeast, and transfer RNA (tRNA). The nucleic acid extraction method according to this document includes a lysis step in which a lysis solution and a solutionmagnetic solid phase carriers are mixed with the nucleic acid sample to be extracted and with the nucleic acid precipitation aid, incubated, centrifuged, subjected to a magnetic adsorption treatment, and the supernatant is removed by a washing step. Although these documents extol the virtues of their technology, in practice, in high-throughput nucleic acid extraction applications, the time required to implement a nucleic acid (DNA) extraction method using magnetic beads is still relatively long to obtain a solution containing a directly usable extracted nucleic acid (DNA) for further manipulation, such as PCR amplification, sequencing, and / or analysis of the size of the extracted DNA fragments, for example, by electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, or chromatography. Indeed, the inventors have noted that in nucleic acid (e.g., DNA) extraction methods, especially when small quantities of acidsWhen nucleic acids are extracted, it was often useful, even necessary, to wait a certain amount of time between the moment the solution containing extracted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is obtained and the moment the extracted DNA in the solution is detectable and usable for further manipulation. Counterintuitively, the inventors noticed that waiting a certain amount of time, for example 48 hours, after obtaining the solution containing extracted DNA increases the detection signal of the extracted DNA. Waiting for this certain amount of time also improves the quality of the subsequent DNA processing step; for example, it improves the quality of the PCR amplification following DNA extraction, while reducing the number of experiments that need to be repeated due to a lack of results. However, the waiting period before the extracted DNA can be used after the solution containing the extracted DNA is obtained is less than 20% productive for high-throughput nucleic acid extraction and analysis applications.In these situations, it is important to have a rapid DNA extraction and analysis method that generates high-quality DNA, allowing for reliable analysis while minimizing the number of samples for which there are no usable results, for example, when identifying genetic mutations and / or when identifying genetic fingerprints. Therefore, there is still a need for a rapid, reliable, and non-toxic nucleic acid (DNA) extraction method that is easily industrialized and allows for the generation of a high-quality nucleic acid (DNA) extract directly usable for different types of analyses, even for small quantities of extracted nucleic acids (DNA). Objectives of the invention The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, in particular those described above. 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 4 In particular, the present invention proposes to provide a methodThe present invention provides a rapid and reliable method for extracting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that generates a very high-quality, directly usable DNA extract, even for small quantities of extracted DNA. The invention also proposes a method for DNA extraction in which the method is non-toxic and easily industrialized. Summary of the Invention To achieve these objectives, the present invention provides a method for extracting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from a biological sample comprising the following steps: 10 a) lysis of said biological sample comprising said DNA in a lysis solution comprising a proteinase K to form a solution of DNA to be extracted, b) addition of magnetic beads to said solution of DNA to be extracted, c) binding of said DNA to be extracted to said magnetic beads to form a solution comprising beads loaded with said DNA to be extracted, 15 d) application of a magnetic field to said solution comprising beads loaded with said DNA to be extracted so as to isolate said beads loaded with said DNA to be extracted,e) at least one washing of said beads loaded with said DNA to be extracted by a washing solution, 20 f) an elution of said DNA to be extracted by an elution solution so as to separate said DNA to be extracted from said magnetic beads and to form a solution of extracted DNA, said elution solution comprising an acid-base buffer and a transfer ribonucleic acid (transferRNA or tRNA), said transferRNA t having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transferRNA / µl of said elution solution), preferably said solution of extracted DNA having a concentration of extracted DNA between 0.01 and 50 ng / µl (ng of extracted DNA / µl of extracted DNA solution). The method for extracting DNA from a biological sample according to the present invention comprises the aforementioned features and is centered on the fact that the elution solution comprises an acid-base buffer and a transfer RNA having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of the elution solution). The inventors have remarked, surprisingly and counterintuitively, that aAdding transfer RNA (tRNA) in the aforementioned concentration range to the elution solution 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 5 accelerates and increases the detection of extracted DNA in the extracted DNA solution. This makes the processing of the extracted DNA much faster. Indeed, without the addition of tRNA, the inventors observed that the extracted DNA in the extracted DNA solution was not detectable immediately after the elution step (for example, a few minutes after the elution step). However, without the addition of tRNA, this extracted DNA in the extracted DNA solution is detectable 48 hours after the elution step. In other words, without adding transfer RNA to the elution solution, a certain amount of time, preferably 48 hours, must be allowed before the extracted DNA can be detected and used without the risk of generating a significant percentage of unusable samples for which no results are obtained in subsequent analyses involving the extracted DNA.10 Surprisingly, the addition of transfer RNA to the solutionThe elution process described above allows for the direct use of the extracted DNA, without having to wait for a certain period of time, and optimally minimizes the risk of generating a significant percentage of unusable samples for which no results are obtained in subsequent detection analyses. The combination of the 15 aforementioned characteristics of the DNA extraction method according to the invention provides a rapid and reliable DNA extraction method that generates a very high-quality DNA extract, easily and rapidly detectable, even for small quantities of extracted DNA, while being non-toxic because it does not use any organic solvents, and while being easily industrialized and automated. 20 Other embodiments of the DNA extraction method of a The biological sample according to the present invention is indicated in the attached claims. The present invention also relates to a method for identifying a genetic characteristic of DNA from a biological sample comprising the following steps:a) lysis of said biological sample comprising said DNA in a lysis solution comprising a proteinase K to form a DNA extraction solution, b) addition of magnetic beads to said DNA extraction solution, c) binding of said DNA to be extracted to said magnetic beads to form a solution comprising beads loaded with said DNA to be extracted, d) application of a magnetic field to said solution comprising said beads loaded with said DNA to be extracted so as to isolate said beads loaded with said DNA to be extracted, e) at least one washing of said beads loaded with said DNA to be extracted by a washing solution, f) elution of said DNA to be extracted by an elution solution so as to separate said DNA to be extracted from said magnetic beads and to form a solution of extracted DNA, said elution solution comprising an acid-base buffer and a transfer ribonucleic acid (transfer RNA or tRNA), said transfer RNA having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution), preferably said extracted DNA solution having an extracted DNA concentration between 0.01 and 50 ng / µl (ng of extracted DNA / µl of extracted DNA solution), 10 g) amplification of at least one target DNA sequence from said extracted DNA of said extracted DNA solution to form a solution comprising said at least one amplified target DNA sequence, preferably said amplification of said at least one target DNA sequence is polymerase chain reaction (PCR amplification), 15 h) sequencing, sizing analysis, and / or quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of said at least one amplified target DNA sequence, i) identification of said genetic characteristic on the basis of said sequencing, of said size analysis, and / or of said real-time quantitative PCR of said at least one amplified target DNA sequence, 20 days) obtaining a DNA analysis report mentioning said genetic characteristic of said biological sample. Other forms of implementation of the method of identification of aThe genetic characteristics of DNA from a biological sample according to the present invention are indicated in the attached claims. 25 The present invention also relates to a DNA analysis report obtained by implementing said method for identifying a genetic characteristic of DNA from a biological sample according to the present invention. The present invention also relates to an elution solution for the extraction of a nucleic acid, preferably a deoxyribonucleic acid, said 30 elution solution comprising an acid-base buffer and a transfer RNA (tRNA) having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). Alternatively, the present invention also relates to an elution solution for the extraction of a nucleic acid, preferably a deoxyribonucleic acid, said elution solution comprising a transfer RNA (tRNA) having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 µg / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution).Alternatively, the present invention also relates to an elution solution for the extraction of a nucleic acid, preferably a deoxyribonucleic acid, said elution solution comprising an acid-base buffer and a transfer RNA (tRNA). Alternatively, or preferably, the present invention also relates to an elution solution for the extraction of a nucleic acid, preferably a deoxyribonucleic acid, said elution solution being composed of an acid-base buffer and a transfer RNA (tRNA). Other embodiments of the elution solution for the extraction of a nucleic acid according to the present invention are indicated in the accompanying claims. The present invention also relates to the use of the elution solution according to the present invention for eluting a DNA extract during the extraction of DNA from a biological sample, said biological sample being from an animal and being a blood sample, a saliva sample, a urine sample, aA hair sample, a biopsy, and / or a smear such as, for example, a buccal swab, a blood smear, a wound smear, or a nasopharyngeal smear. Other embodiments of the use of the elution solution according to the present invention are indicated in the attached claims. Detailed description of the invention: Other features, details, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description given below, by way of non-limiting title and with reference to the drawings and examples. Figure 1 is a flowchart explaining the main steps of the method for extracting DNA from a biological sample according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a flowchart explaining different steps of the method for identifying a genetic characteristic of DNA from a biological sample according to the present invention. Figure 3 shows an analysis of the fluorescence signal (relative fluorescence unit) obtained for different target sequences of amplified DNA. 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 8directly after elution (T=0) (A) by a method of identifying a genetic characteristic in the absence of a transfer RNA in the elution solution, and (B) by the method of identifying a genetic characteristic according to the present invention in the presence of a transfer RNA in the elution solution. Figure 4 shows an analysis of the fluorescence signal (relative fluorescence unit) obtained for different target DNA sequences amplified 48 h after elution (T=48 h) (A) by a method for identifying a genetic characteristic in the absence of a transfer RNA in the elution solution, and (B) by the method for identifying a genetic characteristic according to the present invention in the presence of a transfer RNA in the elution solution. Figure 5 shows the intensity of the fluorescence signal (relative fluorescence unit) of a microsatellite marker obtained from different DNA extraction conditions. In the figures, identical or analogous elements bear the same reference numerals. In the present description and claims, it is understood that theThe terms "a," "an," or "the" mean "at least one" and should not be limited to "only one," unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, when a value range is indicated, the endpoints are inclusive. Finally, all integral and subdomain values ​​within a numeric range are expressly included as if explicitly written. In the context of the present invention, the term "biological sample" preferably means any type of biological sample comprising a nucleic acid, preferably comprising deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In the context of the present invention, the term "genetic mutation" preferably means a change of at least one nucleotide in a DNA sequence of the biological sample compared to a corresponding reference DNA sequence. In the context of the present invention, the term "DNA sequence" preferably means a series of at least two, or at least three, consecutive nucleotides corresponding to a coding and / or non-coding part of the genome of the biological sample. 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 9In the context of the present invention, the term "genetic fingerprint" preferably means the identification of the number of repetitions of one or more repeating sequences, preferably non-coding (microsatellites), in the DNA of the biological sample so as to be able to genetically identify the biological sample uniquely and / or to be able to establish the presence or absence of a relationship between the biological sample and another biological sample. In the context of the present invention, the term "application of a magnetic field to the solution comprising the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted in order to isolate the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted" refers, preferably, to isolating the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted by applying a magnetic field. In other words, the DNA to be extracted is attached to the magnetic beads (beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted), and these beads comprising the DNA to be extracted attached to them are isolated by applying a magnetic field, for example, using a magnet.Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the method for extracting DNA from a biological sample according to the present invention. The step in the DNA extraction method according to the present invention is the lysis of the biological sample containing the DNA in a lysis solution comprising a proteinase K to form a solution of DNA to be extracted. Preferably, the lysis solution also comprises a detergent such as SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) or Triton X-100, a salt, and an acid-base buffer. Preferably, the lysis step has a duration of between 1 and 20 hours. This allows for optimal cell lysis, enabling the release of the DNA to be extracted while minimizing the degradation of the DNA to be extracted. Preferably, the lysis step is carried out at a temperature between 20°C and 60°C. Preferably, the lysis solution is a lysis solution from a commercial kit such as the "NucleoSpin 96" kit. TracePlatesfromDNAdeforensicsamples»byMacherey-Nagel. After step a, the DNA extraction method according to thisThe invention includes step b of adding magnetic beads to the DNA solution to be extracted. Preferably, the magnetic beads are present in said DNA solution to be extracted in a quantity of between 1 mg and 2 mg of magnetic beads per sample comprising said DNA solution to be extracted. Preferably, the magnetic beads are from a commercial, state-of-the-art DNA extraction kit. 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 10 Downstream of step b, the DNA extraction method includes step c of binding the DNA to be extracted to the magnetic beads to form a solution comprising beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted. Downstream of step c, the DNA extraction method includes step d of applying a magnetic field to the solution containing beads 5 loaded with the DNA to be extracted, in order to isolate the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted. Preferably, the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted are isolated and held in place by a magnet. Downstream of step d, the DNA extraction method includes step e of at least one washing of the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted using a washing solution.Preferably, the DNA extraction method according to the invention comprises at least 2, 10, or even at least 3 washing steps of the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted using the washing solution. Preferably, the washing solution comprises ethanol at a concentration of between 20% and 55% (v / v) (volume of ethanol / volume of the washing solution). Preferably, the washing solution is at a temperature between 15°C and 25°C. Indeed, the washing step allows for the removal of impurities present on the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted. Downstream of step e, the DNA extraction method includes step f of elution of the DNA to be extracted by an elution solution so as to separate the DNA to be extracted from the magnetic beads and to form an extracted DNA solution, the extracted DNA solution having a concentration of extracted DNA preferably between 0.1 and 50 ng / µl20 (ng of extracted DNA / µl of extracted DNA solution), the elution solution comprising an acid-base buffer and a transfer RNA (tRNA), the transfer RNA t having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution).Alternatively, or preferably, downstream of step e, the DNA extraction method includes the step f of eluting the DNA to be extracted with an elution solution so as to separate the DNA to be extracted from the magnetic beads and to form a solution of extracted DNA, the elution solution comprising an acid-base buffer and a transfer RNA (tRNA), the tRNA having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of tRNA / µl of said elution solution). Preferably, the elution solution comprises a transfer RNA (tRNA) having a concentration between 0.02 and 750 ng / µl (ng of tRNA / µl of said elution solution), more preferably between 0.05 and 500 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). Advantageously, the elution solution comprises a transfer RNA (tRNA) having a concentration between 0.05 and 10 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). Favorably, the elution solution comprises a transfer RNA (tRNA) having a 35 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 11concentration between 0.1 and 5 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). Alternatively, or preferably, the elution solution comprises a transfer RNA (tRNA) having a concentration between 0.02 and 10 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution) or between 200 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). Preferably, the elution solution is at a temperature between 20°C and 60°C. Preferably, the transfer RNA is a yeast transfer RNA. Preferably, the acid-base buffer comprises Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl). Preferably, the acid-base buffer is composed of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl). Preferably, the acid-base buffer is a Tris-EDTA buffer (TE buffer). Favorably, the acid-base buffer is a Tris-EDTA buffer (TE buffer) havinga concentration of Tris-HCl between 8 mM and 12 mM and a concentration of EDTA between 0.8 mM and 1.2 mM. Preferably, at least one of the steps a to f is carried out automatically by a programmable logic controller (PLC), preferably at least two, at least three of said steps a to f, or even all of the steps c to f are carried out automatically by the PLC. Preferably, the PLC is a magnetic particle processor. Figure 2 is a flowchart explaining different steps of the method for identifying a genetic characteristic of DNA from a biological sample according to the present invention, wherein the identification method comprises the aforementioned steps 25 to 25 of the method for extracting DNA from a biological sample according to the present invention and further comprises, downstream of step 1, a step 1g of amplification of at least one target DNA sequence from the DNA extracted from the extracted DNA solution to form a solution comprising said at least one amplified target DNA sequence, preferably said amplification of said at least one target DNA sequence is a 30chain amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR amplification). Preferably, step g of amplification of at least one target DNA sequence from the DNA extracted from the extracted DNA solution is carried out rapidly, or even directly, after step f of elution of said DNA to be extracted. 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 12 In the context of the present invention, the term "step g of amplification of at least one target DNA sequence from the DNA extracted from the extracted DNA solution is preferably understood to mean that step g is carried out either continuously after step f, or after a few minutes or a few hours, for example 2 to 6 hours after step f. 5 Preferably, the amplification of at least one target DNA sequence from said DNA extracted from said extracted DNA solution comprises an amplification of at least a part of the DNA sequence of one or more genes chosen from among the gene group consisting of BCAN, DNM1, MKLN1, NAPEPLD, VSP13B, ABCB1, ACADVL, ADAM9, ADAMTS17,ADAMTS20,AGXT,AKNA,AMN,ANO6,AP3B1,ARHGEF10,ARSG,ASIP,ATF2,ATG4D,10 ATP13A2,ATP1B2,BEST1,BIN1,C17H2orf71,C3,CAPN1,CBD103,CDH23,CLCN1,CLN5,CLN6, CNGA1,CNGA3,CNGB1,CNTNAP1,COL11A2,COL1A1,COL4A4,COL6A1,COL7A1, COL9A3,COLQ,COMMD1,CTSD,CUBN,DIRAS1,DMD,EDA,F7,F9,FAM20C,FAM83H, FERMT3,FGF5,FLCN,FNIP2,FOXI3,FUCA1,GALC,GDNF,GJA9,GLB1,GRM1,GUSB,HADC1, HCRTR2,HEXB,HIVEP3,HPS3,HSF4,IQCB1,ITGB2,KCNJ10,KRT16,KRT71,L2HGDH,LAMA3,15 LAMP3,LGI2,LHX3,MC1R,MFF,MFSD12,MFSD8,MITF,MLPH,MTBP,MTM1,MYO7A,NAPEPLD, NDRG1,NHEJ1,NIPAL4,NKX2-8,NPHP4,P2RY12,PDE6A,PDE6B,PDP1,PFKM,PKLR,PLP1, PMEL, PNPLA1, PNPLA8, PRCD, RAB3GAP1, RASGRP2, RD3, RELN, RNF170, RPE65, RPGRIP1, RSPO2, RYR1, SBF2, SCL4A3, SERPINH1, SLC25A12, SLC2A9, SLC3A1, SLC45A2, SLC6A3, SLC7A9, SOD1, SPTBN2, SUV39H2, TGM1, TPO, TPP1, TTC8, TYRP1, UNC93B1, VPS11, VWF, 20 YARS2, LIX1, PKD1, ABCB1, ALMS1, ARSB, ASIP, CEP290, CMAH, COLQ, DKK4, F11, FGF5, FOXN- 1,HEXB,KIF3B,KRT71,LVRN,MC1R,MLPH,MYBPC3,PKLR,SLC3A1,SLC7A9,TRPV4,TYR,TYRP1, WNK4,EDNRB,GYS1,MUTYH,MYH1,PRKDC,SLC45A2,TBX3.Preferably, the amplification of at least one target DNA sequence includes amplification of at least a portion of the DNA sequence of one or more microsatellite markers. Preferably, the amplification of at least one target DNA sequence includes amplification of at least a portion of the DNA sequence of one or more microsatellite markers chosen from the microsatellite marker group consisting of BM1818, BM1824, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, ETH3, INRA023, SPS115, TGLA122, TGLA126, TGLA227, TGLA53, FCA310, FCA220, FCA201, FCA293, FCA649, FCA069, 30 FCA441,FCA453,ZFXY,FCA075,FCA229,FCA678,FCA105,FCA149,FCA026,AHT4,AHT5, ASB17,ASB2,ASB23,CA425,HMS1,HMS2,HMS3,HMS6,HMS7,HTG10,HTG4,HTG6,HTG7, LEX3,VHL20,AHT121,AHT137,AHTh130,AHTh171,AHTh260,AHTk211,AHTk253,AMELOGENIN, CXX279,FH2054,FH2848,INRA21,INU005,INU030,INU055,REN105L03,REN162C04, REN169D001, REN169O18, REN247M23, REN54P11, REN64E19. Preferably, the amplification35 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 13 of at least a portion of the DNA sequence of one or several microsatellite markersincludes an amplification of a set of DNA sequences from microsatellite markers in a microsatellite marker panel. Preferably, the amplification of at least a portion of the DNA sequences from one or more microsatellite markers includes an amplification of a microsatellite marker panel in such a way as to be able to perform a genetic fingerprinting of said biological sample. Preferably, the amplification of at least a portion of the DNA sequences from one or more microsatellite markers includes an amplification of a set of DNA sequences from microsatellite markers in a bovine microsatellite marker panel, a feline microsatellite marker panel, an equine microsatellite marker panel, a panel10 of canine microsatellite markers, of a panel of porcine microsatellite markers, and / or of a panel of pigeon microsatellite markers. Preferably, the bovine microsatellite marker panel consists of the microsatellite markers BM1818, BM1824, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, ETH3, INRA023, SPS115, TGLA122, TGLA126, TGLA227, TGLA53. Preferably,The feline microsatellite marker panel consists of the microsatellite markers FCA310, FCA220, FCA201, FCA293, FCA649, FCA069, FCA441, FCA453, ZFXY, FCA075, FCA229, FCA678, FCA105, FCA149, and FCA026. Preferably, the equine microsatellite marker panel consists of the microsatellite markers AHT4, AHT5, ASB17, ASB2, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG10, HTG4, HTG6, HTG7, LEX3, and VHL20. Preferably, the canine microsatellite marker panel consists of the markers microsatellitesAHT121,AHT137,AHTh130,AHTh171,AHTh260,AHTk211,AHTk253, AMELOGENIN,CXX279,FH2054,FH2848,INRA21,INU005,INU030,INU055,REN105L03, REN162C04, REN169D001, REN169O18, REN247M23, REN54P11, REN64E19. Preferably, the panel of porcine microsatellite markers is made up of microsatellite markers SW72, SW936, SW911, SO228, SO227, SO005, SO090, SO101, SO155, SO355, SO386, SW24, SW240, 25 SW857 and SW951. Preferably, the panel of pigeon microsatellite markers is consisting of the microsatellite markers CliµD11, PIGN15, CliµT43, PIGN10, CliµD16, CliµD19,PIGN12,CliµT02,CliµD17,CliµD35,CliµT17,PIGN04,CliµD01,PIGN57,CliµT13,PIGN26,(CHD-ZW). Downstream of step g, the method for identifying a genetic characteristic 30 according to the present invention comprises a step h of sequencing, size analysis, and / or real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of said at least one amplified target DNA sequence. Preferably, the size analysis of said at least one amplified target DNA sequence comprises determining the size of all the DNA sequences of microsatellite markers from a panel of microsatellite markers 35 so as to be able to produce a genetic fingerprint of the biological sample 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 14. This makes it possible to establish an identity card of the biological sample and / or to establish the presence or absence of a relationship between the biological sample and another biological sample for which the genetic fingerprint is known. Downstream of step h, the method for identifying a genetic characteristic according to the present invention comprises a step of identifying the 5genetic characteristics based on sequencing, size analysis and / or real-time quantitative PCR of said at least one amplified target DNA sequence. Downstream of step i, the method for identifying a genetic characteristic according to the present invention includes a step j of obtaining a DNA analysis report mentioning the genetic characteristic of the biological sample. Preferably, the genetic characteristic includes the presence of a genetic fingerprint determined by the size of all the DNA sequences of microsatellite markers from a panel of microsatellite markers. Alternatively, or in addition, the genetic characteristic includes the presence or absence of one or more genetic mutation(s). Preferably, the presence of one or more genetic mutation(s) is associated with a pathology and / or a particular phenotype and / or a disease. Preferably, in the DNA extraction method according to the present invention and / or in the method of identifying a genetic characteristic according to theAccording to the present invention, the biological sample is obtained from an animal, said biological sample being a blood sample, a saliva sample, a urine sample, a hair sample, a biopsy, and / or a smear. Preferably, said animal is a mammal or a bird, such as a pigeon or a parrot. Preferably, the mammal is chosen from a group of mammals consisting of a dog, a cat, a horse, a bovine, a sheep, or a pig. Preferably, the elution solution for the extraction of a nucleic acid, preferably deoxyribonucleic acid, according to the present invention comprises an acid-base buffer and a transfer RNA (tRNA), said transfer RNA having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution), in which the acid-base buffer is chosen from group 30 consisting of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl). Preferably, the elution solution for an extraction of an acidnucleic acid, preferably a deoxyribonucleic acid, according to the present invention is 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 15 consisting of an acid-base buffer and a transfer RNA (tRNA), said transfer RNA having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution), wherein the acid-base buffer is selected from the group consisting of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl).5 Preferably, the elution solution for the extraction of a nucleic acid, preferably a deoxyribonucleic acid, comprises an acid-base buffer basic and a transfer RNA (tRNA), said transfer RNA having a concentration between 0.01 and 1000 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). 10 Examples.- Example 1.- Identification of a genetic characteristic (fluorescence signal of microsatellite markers) of DNA from a feline (cat) blood sample by the identification method according to the present inventionThe inventors performed a lysis of a previously obtained blood sample from a cat at a temperature of 56°C for one night in a lysis solution containing proteinase K to form a solution of DNA to be extracted. They then added 1.56 mg of magnetic beads (12 µl of magnetic bead solution from a state-of-the-art commercial kit) to the DNA solution to be extracted so as to bind the DNA to be extracted to the magnetic beads to form a solution containing beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted, and they applied a magnetic field (using a magnet) to the solution containing the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted so as to isolate the beads loaded with the DNA to be extracted. They then carried out 3 washes of the beads loaded with the said DNA to be extracted with a washing solution. Preferably, for the first wash, the washing solution25 has a volume of 600ml, for the second wash, the washing solution has a volume of 585ml, for the third wash, the washing solution has a volume of 800ml.They then carried out an elution of the DNA to be extracted with an elution solution in order to separate the DNA to be extracted from the magnetic beads and to form a solution of extracted DNA, the extracted DNA solution having a concentration of extracted DNA of 5ng / µl (ng of extracted DNA / µl of extracted DNA solution), the elution solution comprising a Tris-EDTA buffer and a transfer RNA (tRNA) from yeast having a concentration of 480ng / µl (ng 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 16 of transfer RNA / µl of the elution solution). The elution solution having a volume of 100 µl. Directly after the elution step (at time t=0), they are then amplified by PCR amplification of the microsatellite marker sequences (FCA201, FCA310, FCA293, FCA220, FCA649) using PCR primers containing a fluorescent marker. Preferably, the PCR amplification has 35 amplification cycles. They are then analyzed the fluorescence signal using a capillary sequencer (capillary electrophoresis) to analyze the size of the amplified microsatellite markers (FCA201, FCA310, FCA293, FCA220, FCA649).Counter-Example 1.-Identification of a genetic characteristic (signal of 10 fluorescence of microsatellite markers) of a DNA from a sample of feline (cat) blood by an identification method according to the previous one. Example 1 has been reproduced except that the elution solution includes a Tris-EDTA buffer without the addition of transfer RNA. Example 2. – Identification of a genetic characteristic (microsatellite marker fluorescence signal) of DNA from a feline (cat) blood sample by the identification method according to the present invention. Example 1 has been reproduced except that PCR amplification of the microsatellite marker sequences (FCA201, FCA310, FCA293, FCA220, FCA649) was performed 48 hours after the elution step (at time t = 48 h). Counter-Example 2. – Identification of a genetic characteristic (microsatellite marker fluorescence signal) of DNA from a feline (cat) blood sample by an identification method according to the prior art. Example 2 has been reproduced except that the elution solution comprises a Tris-EDTA buffer without adding transfer RNA.25Example 3.-Identification of a genetic characteristic (microsatellite marker fluorescence signal) of DNA from a feline (cat) blood sample by the identification method according to the present invention. Example 1 was reproduced by performing a PCR amplification of the microsatellite marker sequence FCA649, in which different conditions of the DNA extraction method were carried out (see examples 3.1 to 3.3 of Table 1 below). 2024 / 5945 BE2024 / 5945 17 Example 3.1 is a condition in which the elution solution comprises a TE (Tris-EDTA) buffer and a transfer RNA at a concentration of 480 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). Example 3.2 is a condition in which the elution solution comprises a TE (Tris-EDTA) buffer and a transfer RNA at a concentration of 48 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). Example 3.3 is a condition in which the elution solution comprises a TE (Tris-EDTA) buffer and a transfer RNA at a concentration of 0.48 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of said elution solution). Examples (Ex.)Example 3.1 Example 3.2 Example 3.3 Biological sample DNA extracted from a cat blood sample (measurement of the fluorescence signal of the microsatellite marker FCA649) Lysis solution lysis solution from the commercial kit (Sol.lyse) (NucleoSpin96 Trace Plates for DNA from forensic samples by Macherey-Nagel) Elution solution TE buffer (Tris-EDTA) + transfer RNA (480 ng / µl) TE buffer (Tris-EDTA) + transfer RNA (48 ng / µl) TE buffer (Tris-EDTA) + transfer RNA (0.48 ng / µl) Table 1: Different tested conditions describing different concentrations of transfer RNA in the elution solution of the DNA extraction method according to the present invention and of the method for identifying a genetic characteristic according to the present invention. A capillary sequencer (capillary electrophoresis) was then used to analyze the fluorescence signal of the microsatellite marker FCA649. Counter-Example 3. - Identification of a genetic characteristic (fluorescence signal of microsatellite markers) of DNA from a feline (cat) blood sampleExample 1 was reproduced by performing PCR amplification of the 20 microsatellite marker sequences (FCA201, FCA310, FCA293, FCA220, FCA649), except that in the first case (counter-example 3.1), the lysis solution and the elution solution came from a commercial kit according to the previous method (see Table 2 below). In the second case (counter-example 3.2), the transfer RNA was not added to the elution solution but to the lysis solution at a concentration of 480 ng / µl. In this last case, the elution solution was a classic TE (Tris-EDTA) buffer. Counter-examples (C-Ex.) Counter-example 3.1 (C-Ex3.1) Counter-example 3.2 (C-Ex3.2) Biological sample DNA extracted from a cat blood sample (measurement of the fluorescence signal of the microsatellite marker FCA649) Lysis solution from the commercial kit (Sol.lyse) (NucleoSpin96 Trace Plates for DNA from forensic samples by Macherey-Nagel) Lysis solution from the commercial kit (Sol.lyse) + transfer RNA (480 ng / µl)Elution solution from the commercial kit (Elution Solution) (NucleoSpin96 Trace Plates for DNA from forensic samples by Macherey-Nagel) TE Buffer (Tris-EDTA) Table 2: Different tested conditions describing different counterexamples of the lysis solution and / or the elution solution in a method of DNA extraction and identification of a genetic characteristic. A capillary sequencer (capillary electrophoresis) was then used to analyze the fluorescence signal of the microsatellite marker FCA649. 10 Results - The inventors compared the fluorescence signal obtained by capillary electrophoresis of microsatellite markers identified by the identification method according to the invention (Examples 1 to 3) or according to a prior art method (counter-examples 1 to 3). 15 Figure 3 compares the fluorescence signal obtained for the microsatellite markers FCA201, FCA310, FCA293, FCA220, FCA649 when DNA is extracted by the extraction method according to the invention (FIG. 3B, Example 1) in which the DNA is amplifieddirectly, at t=0, after the elution step and in which the elution solution includes a transfer RNA at a concentration of 480 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of the elution solution), or when DNA is extracted by an extraction method in which the elution solution does not include transfer RNA (FIG. 3A, Counterexample 1). This result indicates that the presence of transfer RNA in the elution solution accelerates the detection of the fluorescence signal while improving the quality of this signal. The presence of a transfer RNA in the elution solution therefore allows for a faster and more reliable DNA extraction method. Figure 4 compares the fluorescence signal obtained for the microsatellite markers FCA201, FCA310, FCA293, FCA220, and FCA649 when DNA is extracted by the extraction method according to the invention (FIG. 4B, Example 2), in which the DNA is amplified 48 h after the elution step, and in which the elution solution comprises a transfer RNA at a concentration of 480 ng / µl (ng of transfer RNA / µl of theelution solution), or when DNA is extracted by an extraction method in which the elution solution does not include transfer RNA (FIG. 4A, Counterexample 2). This result indicates that waiting 48 hours after the elution step improves the quality of the fluorescence signal in the absence of transfer RNA in the elution solution (compare FIG. 3A and FIG. 4A). Furthermore, this result also indicates that the presence of transfer RNA in the elution solution does not alter the quality of the fluorescence signal obtained over time (compare FIG. 3B “Example 1” with FIG. 4B “Example 2”). Figure 5 compares, for 3 different biological samples, the fluorescence signal of the microsatellite marker FCA649 obtained when DNA is extracted by the extraction method according to the invention (Examples 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) in which the DNA is amplified directly, at t=0, after the elution step and in which the elution solution comprises a transfer RNA at a concentration of 480 ng / µl (Example 3.1), 48 ng / µl (Example 3.2) and 0.48 ng / µl (Example 3.3) (ng of transfer RNA / µl of the solution).of elution). Counterexample 3.1 in Figure 5 shows the fluorescence signal of the microsatellite marker FCA649 obtained when DNA is extracted by a state-of-the-art extraction method when the lysis and elution solutions are from a commercial state-of-the-art kit. Counterexample 3.2 in Figure 5 shows the fluorescence signal of the microsatellite marker FCA649 obtained when DNA is extracted by an extraction method in which the transfer RNA is not added to the elution solution but to the lysis solution. The results of the