METHOD, COMPUTER PROGRAM AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED ARCHITECTURAL CAD

Abstract

A method for designing an architectural project using an architectural CAD program running on a computer, in which the method includes the step of drawing in the architectural CAD program an arrangement of the architectural project with the placement of wall elements and / or room elements on a two-dimensional plane, in which the architectural CAD program is configured on the basis of the drawn arrangement to calculate an estimated construction price of the architectural project and / or to generate a three-dimensional model of the architectural project.

Description

BE2025 / 5020 2 2Dplansandthe3Drenderingsdonotcorrespondtohisimaginationorleadtopractical problems.Thisgeneratesclientfrustrationsandmightrequireadditionalresourcesfor changingthealreadyconstructedlayout. Briefsummaryoftheinvention Itistheobjectoftheinventiontoimprovetheplanningprocessforbuildings5 inordertoavoidtheseproblems. Accordingtotheinvention,thisobjectissolvedbyamethod,acomputer programandasystemaccordingtotheindependentclaims. Byprovidingtheuserinstantlywiththepriceofthearchitecturalprojectand the3Dviewofthearchitecturalproject,ausercanseerightawayduringtheplanning10 phasethepriceandfinallookoftheproject.Thisismadepossiblebyanewdatastructure appliedwhichusesthesurfacecornerpointsoftheroomsatthesametimeforgenerating the3Dviewoftheprojectandforcomputingquicklythesurfacesofthewalls,floorsand ceilingandtocalculatethusquicklytheirfinishprices.Thewallpositionsontheotherside aredefinedviatwoinnerwallpointswhichallowtoquicklycomputetheamountofwall15 materialneededforallwallsandthustocomputethetotalpriceofthewallmaterial.Thus, thisdatastructuresolvesfinallythetechnicalproblemofarrangingthedataofCAD programssuchthatitallowstoinstantlycomputethepriceand3Dviewoftheproject.With thismethod,theplanningprocesscanbereducedfrommonthstohours. Accordingtotheinvention,thisobjectissolvedbyamethodfordesigningan20 architecturalprojectwiththehelpofanarchitecturalCADprogramrunningonacomputer, whereinthemethodcomprisesthestepofdrawinginthearchitecturalCADprograma layoutofthearchitecturalprojectbyprovidingwallelementsand / orroomelementsona two-dimensionalplan,whereinthearchitecturalCADprogramisconfiguredbasedonthe drawnlayouttocalculateanestimatedconstructionpriceofthearchitecturalproject25 and / ortogenerateathree-dimensionalmodelofthearchitecturalproject. Thedependentclaimsrefertofurtheradvantageousembodiments. Inoneembodiment,eachwallelementhasafirstsideandasecondside, whereineachwallelementincludesafirstinnerwallpoint,asecondinnerwallpoint,a thickness,afirstfinishingforthefirstsideofthewallelementandasecondfinishingforthe30 secondsideofthewallelement.Preferably,thefirstandsecondinnerwallpointare arranged(each)inthemiddlebetweenthefirstsideandthesecondsideofthewall element. Inoneembodiment,frameelementscanbeaddedinthewallelementson thetwo-dimensionalplanofthearchitecturalCADprogramrepresentinganopening35 throughthewallelement,whereintheframeelementincludesitspositioninthewallelement 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 3 anditsdimensions.Preferably,theframeelementisoneofawindow,adoororafree opening. Inoneembodiment,thearchitecturalCADprogramdetects,whenatleast threewallelementsdrawnonthetwo-dimensionalplanformaroom;whentheCAD programdetectsthatanewlyformedroom,itcomputesbasedonthewallelements5 formingtheroom,preferablybasedontheirinnerwallpoints,thesurfacecornerpointsof theroom,whereintheroomincludesafloorfinishingfortheflooroftheroomandaceiling finishingfortheceilingoftheroom.Preferably,theCADprogramcomputesbasedonthe innerwallpointsofthewallelementsformingtheroomthesurfacecornerpointsoftheroom. Inoneembodiment,thearchitecturalCADprogramincludesawallfinish10 priceforeachfinishingofthewallelements,awallmaterialpriceforeachwallmaterialof thewallelements,afloorfinishingpriceforeachforeachfloorfinishingandaceilingfinishing priceforeachceilingfinishing,whereintheatleastonewallfinishprice,theatleastonewall materialprice,theatleastonefloorfinishingpriceandtheatleastoneceilingfinishingprice areamountdependentprices,whereinthebillofquantitiescomputesthefollowing15 quantities:a)foreachwallmaterial,thetotalpriceoftherespectivewallmaterialbasedon thedistancesofallwallelementsbetweenthefirstinnerwallpointandthesecondinner wallpointoftherespectivewallelementsandbasedontherespectivewallmaterialprice, preferablyalsobasedonthethicknessoftherespectivewallelementsandpreferablybased ontheheightofthewallelementsorofthelevel;b)foreachwallfinishing,thetotalpriceof20 therespectivewallfinishingbasedonthedistancesbetweenthesurfacecornerpointsof theroomsofthewallelementsrelatedtotherespectivewallfinishingandbasedonthe respectivewallfinishingprice,andpreferablybasedontheheightofthewallelements, roomorlevel;c)foreachfloorfinishing,thetotalpriceoftherespectivefloorfinishingbased ontherespectivefloorfinishingpriceandbasedonthefloorsurfacedeterminedfromthe25 distancesbetweenthesurfacecornerpointsofeachroomrelatedtothisfloorfinishing;and d)foreachceilingfinishing,thetotalpriceoftherespectiveceilingfinishingbasedonthe respectiveceilingfinishingpriceandbasedontheceilingsurfacedeterminedfromthe distancesbetweenthesurfacecornerpointsofeachroomrelatedtothisfloorfinishing. Inoneembodiment,thesizeoftheframesinthewallelementsareusedto30 correcttotalpriceoftherespectivewallmaterialcontainingframesandthetotalpriceof thewallfinishingcontainingframes. Inoneembodiment,thesurfacecornerpointsoftheroomsareusedto generateinthethree-dimensionalmodelthesurfacesofthewallelementswiththeir respectivewallfinishing,ofthefloorsoftheroomelementswiththeirrespectivefloorfinishing,35 andoftheceilingsoftheroomelementswiththeirrespectiveceilingfinishing. 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 4 Inoneembodiment,thesurfacesofthewallelementsandoftheceilingsare generatedfurtherbasedontheheightofthelevel,oftheroomelementsorofthewall elements. Inoneembodiment,thedrawnlayoutofalevelisdisplayedtoahorizontal surfacesuchthatthelayoutisshownonthehorizontalsurfaceatthedimensionsofthereal5 architecturalproject.Thisallowstheusertoseethefinalprojectinitsrealphysicalsize(even beforeapprovaloftheproject).Thisavoidsmaterialwastebyplanningerrorswhichlead aftertheconstructiontoaremodellingofthebuilding. Inoneembodiment,thelayoutisdisplayedduringthedrawingofthelayout. Thisincreasesthedecisiontakingstepsignificantlyastheuserseesimmediatelytheeffectin10 realityandcandecide,ifacertainroomislargeenoughforhisneeds.Especially,when combinedwithaninstantcalculationoftheprice,theuserhasduringtheplanningprocess allinformationtomakequickdecisions. Inoneembodiment,thehorizontalsurfacecontainsmovablephysicalitems placedontheatleastsomedisplayedwallelementsofthelayout.15 Inoneembodiment,thehorizontalsurfacecontainsmovablewallitemsas physicalitemsplacedonatleastsomedisplayedwallelementsofthelayout. Inoneembodiment,thehorizontalsurfacecontainsmovablefurnitureitems asphysicalitemsplacedinthedisplayedlayout.Otherembodimentsaccordingtothe presentinventionarementionedintheappendedclaimsandthesubsequentdescription20 ofanembodimentoftheinvention. BriefdescriptionoftheDrawings Fig.1showsa2Dplanofafirstdrawingstateoftheproject. Fig.2showsa2Dplanofaseconddrawingstateoftheproject. Fig.3showsa2Dplanofathirddrawingstateoftheproject.25 Fig.4AshowsanexemplarydatastructurefortheobjectsoftheCADprogram atthefirstdrawingstate. Fig.4BshowsanexemplarydatastructurefortheobjectsoftheCADprogram atthethirddrawingstate. Fig.5showsanexemplarydatastructureoftheobjects.30 Fig.6showssomeexemplarydistancesbetweentheinnerwallpoints. Fig.7showssomeexemplarydistancesbetweensurfacecornerpoints. Fig.8explainsthecalculationofthehorizontalwallsurfacebasedontheinner wallpoints. Fig.9showsanexemplarysystemtodrawanarchitecturalprojectofthe35 invention. 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 5 Inthedrawings,thesamereferencenumbershavebeenallocatedtothe sameoranalogueelement. Detaileddescriptionofanembodimentoftheinvention Othercharacteristicsandadvantagesofthepresentinventionwillbederived fromthenon-limitativefollowingdescription,andbymakingreferencetothedrawingsand5 theexamples. Theinventioncomprisesanarchitecturalcomputeraideddesignprogram (shortsubsequentlyarchitecturalCADprogramorjustCADprogram). TheCADprogramcomprisesatwo-dimensional(2D)planningsurface (abbreviatedalsoasplan)forgeneratingalayoutbyplacingelementsontheplanning10 surface,movingthem,changingeventuallytheirsizeandororientation. TheCADispreferablyprogrammedobject-oriented,i.e.theprogramming paradigmthatorganizescodearoundobjects,whichrepresentreal-worldentitiesor concepts.Theseobjectsencapsulatedata(attributes)andbehavior(methods)intoself- containedunits,promotingmodularityandreuse.OOPisbasedonfourkeyprinciples:15 encapsulation(hidinginternaldetailsandexposingfunctionalitythroughinterfaces),inheritance(sharingandextendingbehaviorsbetweenclasses),polymorphism(allowing objectstobetreatedasinstancesoftheirparentclass),andabstraction(simplifying complexsystemsbyfocusingonessentialfeatures).Thisapproachenhancescode organization,scalability,andmaintainability.20 Inthefollowing,thedatastructureofanobjectshallbecalledobjectstructure andaninstanceofsuchanobjectstructureshallbecalledforsimplicityobject.Examples ofsuchobjectstructurecanbealevelobjectstructure,aroomobjectstructure,awall objectstructure,aframeobjectstructure,acornerobjectstructure. AnelementintheCADprogramshallrefertoanelementwhichcanbe25 generatedormovedintheplanningsurface.Examplesofsuchelementscanbewall elements,frameelements.Eachelementcorrespondsnormallytoarespectiveobject,i.e. aninstanceofthecorrespondingobjectstructure.Awallelementisnormallystoredinthe programbyawallobject. Theterm“includespecificdata”shallmeaneitherthespecificdataare30 directlystoredorotherdataarestoredwhichallowtocalculatebasedontheotherdata thespecificdataandtheCADprogramcontainsfunctionstocalculatethespecificdata. Ifanobject(structure)includesthespecificdata,thespecificdataortheotherdatato calculatethespecificdatacanbestoredeitherintheobjectdirectlyorinanotherobject referencedbytheobject.35 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 6 Anamountdependentpriceisapricewhichisdefinedforacertainamount, preferablydefinedforapre-definedsurfacearea(normallypersquaremeter)orapre- definedvolume(normallypercubicmeters). Apointinthe2Dplanisdefinedasatwo-dimensionalpoint,preferablyina cartesiancoordinatesystemwithanx-coordinateandany-coordinate.The(cartesian)5 coordinatesystemreflectsthedimensionsoftherealprojectsothatthedistancebetween 2pointsinthe2Dplancorrespondtotherealdistanceofthecorrespondingpointsinthe realprojectbuildingintherealworld.Thepointcouldbestoredinapointobject. Apointinthe3Dviewisdefinedasathree-dimensionalpoint,preferablyina cartesiancoordinatesystemwithanx-coordinateandany-coordinateandaz-coordinate.10 The(cartesian)coordinatesystemreflectsthedimensionsoftherealprojectsothatthe distancebetween2pointsinthe3Dplancorrespondtotherealdistanceofthe correspondingpointsintherealprojectbuildingintherealworld.Thepointcouldbestored ina3Dpointobject. TheinventioncomprisesanarchitecturalCADprogramwhichisconfigured15 whenrunningonaprocessortoperformthesubsequentstepsormethod. Fig.9showsasystemtodraw / developanarchitecturalprojectcomprisinga computer1onwhichrunstheCADprogram2.Thecomputercanbeapersonalcomputer (includingaltypeslikeaworkstation,alaptop,atablet,asmartphone,etc).Thecomputer canalsobeaclient-serversystem.Forexample,theCADsoftwarecanrunasaSaaS20 softwareontheserverandisaccessedoveroneormoreclientdevices(likeaworkstation, alaptop,atablet,asmartphone).Theclientandtheserverwouldthenpreferablybe connectedovertheinternet. Optionally,thesystemcomprisesfurtheradisplaymeans3configuredto displaythe2Dlayout5,preferablyaspecialprojectview(asexplainedlater)ofthe25 architecturalproject(oralevelofit)attherealdimensionsoftheproject.Thedisplaymeans 3ispreferablyaprojectorwhichprojectsthe2Dlayoutoritsspecialprojectviewona horizontalsurface4.However,thedisplaymeans3canalsobelargeflatscreensarranged onthegroundorunderthegroundorotherdisplaymeanswhichallowtodisplayalayout. Evenifthedisplaymeans3andtheshowsurface4areveryadvantageous,30 theinventioncouldbealsorealizedwithoutthem. Thesystemcomprisespreferablyfurtherashowsurface4(preferablyofashow room)onwhichthe2Dlayoutisdisplayed,preferablyprojectedinthetrue / realdimensions ofthearchitecturalproject.Thisisnormallycalleda1:1view,i.e.aviewwhichshowsthe plansinthetruedimensionswhichtherealbuildingwillhave.Thiscanbeachievedby35 calibratingtheprojectoronceorforeachproject. 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 7 Thesystemcomprisespreferablymovablephysicalitems6,9whichcanbe placedonthedisplayed / projected2Dplanontheshowsurface4.Themovablephysical itemscomprisepreferablyoneormoremovablewallitemswhichcanbeplacedonthe projectedwallelementstoimaginethetruedimensioninaroomwhenstandinginit.Further itemscouldbefurnitureitems9likechairs,tables,wardrobes,kitchenfurniture,….Thisallows5 ausertoseeitsprojectatrealsizewithrealroomboundaries(e.g.bythewallitems)and eventuallywithfurnitureitems.Thisreducesthelikelihoodofmisplanningsignificantlyand reducesthusresourcewastecausedbychangingcertainlayoutchoicesafterhaving constructedthebuilding.Inaddition,thelayoutatrealsizewiththephysicalitemshelpsthe usertodecidemorequickly.10 Theprogramcomprisesatwo-dimensional(2D)planningenvironment(plan) fordrawingorgeneratingalayoutofanarchitecturalprojectofabuilding,preferablya house.The2Dplanshowspreferablya2Dviewoftheproject,preferablyalevelofthe building.The2Dplanallowsausertodrawtheprojectbydrawingwallelements,room elementsandotherelementsonthe2Dplan.Fig.1showssuchanexampleprojectlayout15 ona2DplanwithfourwallelementsW1,W2,W3,W4formingaroomelementR1.Preferably, thewallelementsaredrawnviaauserinputmeanslikeamouse,atouchmovement,etc byselectingthewallelementfunctionandplacingand / orshapingitonthe2Dplan. Preferably,thewallelementsW1,W2,W3,W4aredrawnindividuallytoform,whenthe(at leastthree,preferablyfourormore)wallelementsW1,W2,W3,W4aclosedspace,aroom20 elementR1.ThewallelementsW1,W2,W3,W4,theroomelementsR1andotherelements willbeexplainedinmoredetailbelow.ThefloorsurfaceoftheroomR1isthenrepresented bythepolygonorrectangleofthesurfacecornerpointsP1,P2,P3,P4.Whenaddinganew wallelementW5inFig.1,firsttheroomR1ischangedtoincorporateafreewallW5asshown inFig.2.Inthisstateofdrawing,thechangedroomR1’’isrepresentednowbythewall25 elementsW1,W2,W3’,W5,W3’’,W4.ThefloorsurfaceoftheroomR1’’isthenrepresented bythepolygonofthesurfacecornerpointsP1,P2,P3,P15,P16,P19,P18,P4.Byadding furtherwallelementW5,anewroomR2isgenerated.ByaddingfurtherwallelementsW7 andW8,afurtherroomR3isgeneratedandtheroomR1orR1’’isreducedtothenewroom R1’asshowninFig.3.30 TheCADprogramispreferablyconfiguredtocomputethepriceofthe project.Thepriceoftheprojectiscalculatedbasedonthelayoutofthe2Dplanandpre- determinedprices(only).Thequantitiesofthequantitydependentpricesareautomatically computedbasedonthe2Dplanandthetotalpricesarecomputedbymultiplyingthe quantitieswiththeirrespectivequantitydependentprice.Thepriceoftheprojectis35 preferablycalculatedinstantly,i.e.ittakeslessthan5sec,preferablylessthan3sec, 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 8 preferablylessthan1sec.Preferably,eachtimeanewelementisdrawnonthelayout,the totalpriceoftheprojectisupdated.However,itwouldalsobepossibletocomputethe priceeachtime,whenreceivingawell-defineduserinput,e.g.clickingonabutton.The CADprogramispreferablyconfiguredtoshowand / orexportabillofquantities.Abillof quantitiesshowsfordifferentbuildingmaterials / stepstheirrespectivepricebasedontheir5 materialquantities.Thebillofquantitiesanditscalculationwillbeexplainedinmoredetail below. TheCADprogramispreferablyconfiguredtoshowtheprojectinathree- dimensional(3D)vieworplaninwhichthe3Dmodeloftheprojectisshown.The3Dmodel oftheprojectiscomputedbasedonthe2Dlayoutdrawn.Theusercanpreferablychange10 theviewfromthe2Dplantothe3Dview.Alternativelyoradditionally,theusercouldshow the2Dplanandthe3Dviewinparallel.Thecomputationofthe3Dmodelispreferablydone inthebackground,whendrawingthe2Dplansothatwhentheuserchangestheviewto the3Dview,the3Dmodelisreadyandisdirectlydisplayed.However,itwouldalsobe possibletocomputethe3Dmodelfromthe2Dplanwhentheviewischanged.The15 computationofthe3Dmodelisshowninmoredetailbelow. TheCADprogramispreferablyfurtherconfiguredtooutputaspecialproject viewtoadisplaymeanswhichisconfiguredtodisplaythe2Dplaninthedimensionsofthe realbuilding(1:1view).Thedisplaymeansispreferablyaprojectorprojectingthe2Dplan (ofonelevel)onafloor.Preferably,the2Dplanisshownwithabackgroundcolourwhich20 matchesthebackgroundcolouroftheflooronwhichitisprojected,preferablyablack colour.Preferably,thebackgroundcolourofthespecialprojectviewcanbeselected.The elementslikethewallelements,roomelements,frameelementsandevtl.otherelements areshowninanothercolour,preferablyacolourhavingagoodcontrastinthebackground colour.Thus,whenselectingthebackgroundcolour,preferablythecoloursoftheelements25 areselectedautomaticallyaswell.Thisfunctionalityisdescribedinmoredetaillater. The2Dplancomprisesapluralityofdifferenttypesofelementswhichcanbe placedordrawnonthe2Dplanlikewallelements,roomelements,frameelementsand levelelements.Theremightobviouslybemoreelementslikestairelements,likefurniture elements(liketoilet,asink,ashower,abathtube,akitchenblock,…),orfurtherelements.30 TheCADprogramispreferablystructuredwithobjectorientedcodeandmostelementsare storedascorrespondingobjectsaswillbeexplainedinmoredetailbelow.Fig.5showsan exampledatastructureofthelevelobjectstructureOL,theroomobjectstructureOR,the wallobjectstructureOWandtheframeobjectstructureOF.Eveniftheelementsare explainedforthecaseofobjectsinanobjectorientedprogram,itisalsopossibletostore35 theseelementswithdifferentdatastructures. 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 9 EachwallelementW1,…,W8representsaportionofwalloftheprojectinone level.EachwallelementW1,…,W8haspreferablyawelldefinedform,preferablyextends alongastraightline.EachwallelementW1,…,W8hasafirstsideandasecondside opposedtothefirstside.EachwallelementW1,…,W8hasafirstendandasecondend opposedtothefirstend.EachwallelementW1,…,W8includesafirstinnerwallpointand5 asecondinnerwallpointdefiningtheposition(andorientation)ofthewallelement.Thefirst innerwallpointdefinesthepositionofthefirstendofthewallelementandthesecondinner wallpointdefinesthepositionofthesecondendofthewall.Thewallelementextendsalong theline(wallorientationline)betweenthefirstinnerwallpointandthesecondinnerwall point.Thewallorientationlineispreferablyparalleltothefirstsideandthesecondside.The10 wallorientationline,thefirstinnerwallpointand / orthesecondinnerwallpointis / are preferablyarrangedinthemiddlebetweenthefirstsideandthesecondsideofthewall element.Ifafirstendofawallelement(e.g.W7)isconnectedwithafirstendofafurther wallelement(e.g.W8),thefirstinnerwallpoint(hereC9)isarrangedattheintersectionof theorientationlines(here7and8)ofthetwowallelements(W7andW8)asshowninFig.6.15 Consequently,theoneoftheinnerwallpointsoftwoconnectedwallelementsarethe same.Ifanendofawallelementisnotconnectedtoanotherwallelement,therespective innerwallpointcouldbearrangedattherealendofthewallelementasthereisno intersectionwithanotherwallelementasshowninFig.2forW5beforethewallelementW6 isaddedinFig.3togeneratethenewroomR2.Preferably,thewallobjectincludesthetwo20 innerwallpointsbyreferencingtwocornerobjects.Eachcornerobjectincludesoneinner wallpoint(definingitsposition)andareferencetothewallobjectsconnectedoverthis cornerobject.Likethatthewallobjectcanreferencetothecornerobjectsatitsendsto understandhowmanyotherwallobjectsareconnectedtotherespectivecornerobjects andthustothewallobjectatitsends.Fig.5showsthewallelementW6whichreferences25 thecornersobjectC6andC7.ThecornerobjectC5isalsoexemplaryshownwithits referencetothethreeconnectedwallobjectsW3’,W3’’andW5andthecornerposition CP,heretheinnerwallpointC5.ItisnotedthatthecornerobjectsC1toC10andtheinner wallpointsC1toC10arereferencedinthefigureswiththesamereferencesigns.Depending onthecontextitishoweveralways,clear,iftheinnerwallpointsC1toC10ismeantdefining30 thepositionofthewallelementsW1toW8ordefiningthepositionsofthecornerobjectsC1 toC10orifthecornerobjectsC1toC10aremeant.Evenifthisstorageoftheinnerwall pointsincornerobjectsisveryadvantageous,otherwaysofstoringthepositionofthewall elementsorwallobjectsarepossible. Thewallelement / objectOWincludespreferablyfurtherathicknessofthewall35 element,i.e.adimensioninthedirectionperpendiculartothewallorientationlineora 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 10 distancebetweenthefirstsideandthesecondside.Thethicknessispreferablystoredasan attributeorparameterinthewallobject.ThethicknessTHWofthewallobjectW6for examplecouldbeexemplary20cm. Thewallelement / objectOWincludespreferablyfurtherafirstfinishingforthe firstsideofthewallelement(e.g.FIN3forW6)andasecondfinishingforthesecondside5 (e.g.FIN4forW6)ofthewallelement.Finishingrefertothematerialand / ortreatmentofthe outersurfaceofasideofthewallelement.Thefinishingcouldbeabrickwallstyle(asfor exteriorofthehousebuiltwithbrickstones),apaintedplastering,aplasterboard(asused oftenattheinterior),astoneware,atile,concrete,anymanymore.Thefinishingforeach sideispreferablylinkedtoarespectivewallfinishingpricepersurfacearea(normallyper10 squaremeter)(inorderthepriceforthefinishingforthecorrespondingsurfaceareaofthe wallelement)and / orispreferablylinkedtoavisualizationpatternwhichcanbeusedinthe 3Dviewoftheprojecttorepresentthefinishingatthewallelementinthe3Dview. TheCADprogramispreferablyconfigured,whenasecondwallelement(e.g. W5)isconnectedtoafirstwallelement(e.g.W3)betweenthefirstandsecondinnerwall15 pointofthefirstwallelement,todividethefirstwallelement(e.g.W3)intotwowallelements,preferablyinathirdwallelement(e.g.W3’)fromthefirstinnerwallpointofthefirstwall elementtothefirstinnerwallpointofthesecondwallelement(connectionpoint)andina fourthwallelement(e.g.W3’’)fromthefirstinnerwallpointofthesecondwallelement (connectionpoint)tothesecondinnerwallpointofthefirstwallelement.Thesecondwall20 elementinsteadextendsfromthefirstinnerwallpointofthesecondwallelement (connectionpointorinnerwallpointofthethirdandfourthwallelement)tothesecond innerwallpointofthesecondwallelement.Thenewlygeneratedcornerobjectwouldthen betheinnerwallpointofthesecondwallelement,thethirdwallelementandthefourth wallobject.25 Thewallelement / objectOWincludespreferablyalsoframeelements / objects, ifthedrawnwallelementcontainsanopeningsthroughthewallelementlikewindows, doors,freeopenings,etc.Preferably,thewallobject(e.g.W6)includesareferencetoany frameobject(e.g.F1)containedinthewall. AroomelementORlikeR1,R1’,R2,R3representsapluralityofwallelements30 whichformaclosedspaceoraroom.Toformaroom,itrequiresatleastthreestraightwall elements.InasimplifiedversionoftheCADprogram,thewallelementscanonlybe arrangedatanrectangularangle.Inthiscase,aroomcanbeformedonlybyfourormore wallelements.Theroomelement / objectincludesthewallelements / objectformingthe roomortheclosedspace.Forexample,theroomobjectR2containsareferenceRWtothe35 wallobjectsW4'',W3'',W5,W6.Theroomelement / objectincludespreferablyfurthersurface 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 11 cornerpointsoftheroom.Thesurfacecornerpointsaretheintersectionpointsofthesides ofthewallelementspointingtotheroom.Thus,aroomR2withthewallelements / objects W4'',W3'',W5,W6includesthesurfacecornerpointsP4,P18,P19,P20.Thesurfacecorner pointscouldbecomputedforexamplebasedontheinnerwallpointsofthewallelements andthethicknessesofthewallelements.Forexample,forasurfacecornerpointP205 constitutedbyanintersectionofafirstwallelementW4’’andasecondwallelementW6,thesurfacecornerpointP20canbecomputedbygoinghalfthethicknessofthefirstwall elementW4’’inthedirectionoftheorientationlineofthesecondwallelementW6andhalf thethicknessofthesecondwallelementW6inthedirectionoftheorientationlineofthefirst wallelementW4’’.Preferably,whentheroomelementisgenerated,oncethesurface10 cornerpointsarecomputed,theyarestoredintheroomelement / objectorinthewallor cornerobjectsoftheroomelement / object.Preferably,thesurfacecornerpointsoftheroom element / objectarestoredintheroomelementdirectly.However,itwouldalsobepossible tostoretheminthewallelements / objectsconstitutingtheroomelementorreferencedin theroomobjectorinthecornerobjects.Itwouldalsobepossibletocomputethesurface15 cornerpointseachtimewhenneededfromtheotherinformation,e.g.theinnerwallpoints ofthewallelementsandthethicknessesofthewallelements.AsshowninFig.7,thesurface cornerpointsdefinethepolygonofthesurfaceofthefloorortheceilingoftheroom.For example,thesurfacecornerpointsP4,P18,P19,P20formthepolygon(orrectangular) surfaceoftheroomR2.20 Preferably,theroomelement / objectincludesfurtherthefloorfinishingFFof theflooroftheroom,e.g.forL1floorfinishingFIN1.Preferably,theroomelement / object includesfurthertheceilingfinishingFCoftheceilingoftheroom,e.g.forL1ceilingfinishing FIN2.ThefloorfinishingFFand / ortheceilingfinishingFCcanbeusedtocomputetheprice ofthefloorfinishingFFortheceilingfinishingFCand / ortogeneratethe3Dviewofthefloor25 andceilingoftheroomwiththecorrectvisualizationofitsfinishing.ThefloorfinishingFFis thereforelinked / referencedtoaamountdependentpriceofthefloorfinishing(floorfinish price)and / ortoavisualpatternrepresentingthisfloorfinishingFFwhichisthendisplayedin the3Dview. Preferably,theCADprogramautomaticallydetects,whenanewwall30 elementisaddedinaroomandadaptstheincludedwallelements(e.g.byaddingthe newone)andthesurfacecornerpoints.Whenanewallelementclosesaspacetoforma newroom,preferably,theCADprogramdetectsthisandgeneratesautomaticallyanew roomelement / object(andadaptseventualchangesinotherrooms).TheCADprogram computesforthenewroomthesurfacecornerpointsandincludestheminthegenerated35 roomelement / object. 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 12 TheexteriorEofthehouseispreferablyalsorepresentedasaroom.Herethe closedspaceiseverythingoutsideoftheexteriorwalls.Thisallowstostoretheexterior finishingsandexteriorsurfacecornerpointsofaprojectinthesamestructureastheroom elements.So,theexteriorspaceistreatedasaroomwithoutafloorfinishingandaceiling finishing.5 Theframeelement / objectOFisanelementwhichrepresentsanopening throughawallelement.Theframeelementcanrepresentawindow,door,orsimplyafree openingthroughthewall.Theframeelementcanbeplacedinanywallelement.Theframe element / objectincludespreferablyitspositionPFinthewallelement / object.ThispositionPF couldbedefinedbytwocoordinates,representingtheafirst / horizontaldistancefromafirst10 originpointofthewallelementandasecond / verticaldistancefromthefirstoriginpointof thewallelement.Theoriginpointispreferablyoneofthetwoinnerwallpoints,e.g.thefirst innerwallpoint.ThepositionPFcoulddefineoneofthecornersoftheframeobject / element OForacentralpointofit.Theframeelement / objectOFincludespreferablyfurtherthe dimensionoftheframe,e.g.itsheightHFanditswidth.Thedimensionsareimportantto15 correctthepricesofthewallmaterial,thewallfinishesastheywouldnotcovertheframe opening.Inaddition,thepositionPFandthedimensionsHF,WFoftheframeelementOFis furtherimportanttovisuallyrepresenttheframeelementOFinthe3Dviewinthewall.The frameelement / objectOFincludespreferablyfurtherthetypeTFoftheframeelement,e.g. adoor,window,orsimplyanemptyopeningthroughthewall.ThetypeTFincludes20 preferablyavisualizationfortheframeobject / elementforitsvisualizationinthe3Dview.The frameelement / objectmightincludealsoapricefortheframeelement / objectwhichmight beafixedpriceorasurfacedependentprice(sothatthetotalpriceofthisframeelement couldbecomputedbasedonthedimensionoftheframeelement).Theframeelement couldfurthercomprisethetypeoffinishingsforthebottomsurfaceFBF,forthelateral25 surfacesFSFandforthetopsurfaceFSF.Forexample,forF1whichisadoor,thebottom surfacewouldbethesamefinishingFIN1asthefloorasinroomR1.Thelateralandtop surfaceshavenormallythesamefinishingasthewallsurface.However,alsootherfinishings canbedefined. Thelevelelement / objectOLgroupsallelements / objectsinthislevel.Thelevel30 element / objectOLincludespreferablyallroomelements / objectsofthislevel.Alevel element / objectOLrepresentsalevellikecellar,groundfloor,firstfloor,secondfloor,etc.. Theprojectcontainsatleastonelevelelement / object,normallyagroundfloor.Itisalso possiblethattheprojecthasasecondlevel,normallyarrangedaboveorbelowthefirst level,i.e.afirstfloororleveloraundergroundfloororlevel.Naturally,theprojectcanhave35 morethantwolevels.Preferably,foreachlevelelement,alayoutisdrawnbasedonthe 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 13 wallelementsinthe2Dplan.The2Dplanpreferablyshowsonlyoneofthelevels,theone onwhichtheuserisinterestedand / orisworking.The2Dplanallowstoswitchfromonelevel tothenextortogeneratenewlevels.However,itisalsopossiblethatthe2Dplanshowstwo ormorelevelsatthesametime.Thelevelobject / elementOLcomprisespreferablyfurther therealheightpositionLPofthefloor(oranotherdefinedposition)ofthelevel5 element / object.E.g.LPcouldbedefinedfromadefinedheightoftheground,sothatLPis maybe30cmabovethisdefinedheightoftheground.WithLP,theactualpositionofthe floorinthe3Dviewcanbecalculatedandwiththeheightofthelevel,therealheightLHof theceilinginthe3Dview. Inapreferredembodiment,thewallobjects,roomobjects,levelobjectsand10 cornerobjectsandframeobjectsarelinkedbyreferencestoeachother.Thelevelobject L1representingthelayoutshowninFig.1isshownschematicallyinFig.4A.Notallreferences areshowninFig.4Aandnotallaredescribed.Justsomeexemplaryreferenceswillbe describedtoshowtheconcept.Obviously,thedescriptionholdsforallotherobjectsnot describedwiththeircorrespondingreferences.ThelevelobjectL1referencestworoom15 objects,theroomR1andtheexteriorE.TheroomR1constitutedbythefourwallsW1toW4 isrepresentedbytheroomobjectR1whichreferencesthefourwallobjectsW1toW4.Since alsotheexteriorisconstitutedbythesamefourwallobjectsW1toW4(butbytheirsecond sides),alsotheroomobjectEreferencesthefourwallobjects.Eachwallobjectreferences twocornerobjectslikewallobjectW1referencesthecornerobjectsC1andC2,thewall20 objectW2,thecornerobjectsC2andC3andsoon.Fig.4Bshowsnowtherepresentation oftheevolvedlayoutoftheprojectshowninFig.3.ThelevelobjectL1referencesnowfour roomobjects,R1’,E,R2,R3.TheroomR1ofFig.1becameasmallerroomR1’bytheinsertion ofthefourwallobjectsW5toW8.TheadaptedroomobjectR1’referencesthereforethe eightwallobjectsW1’,W8,W7,W2’,W3’,W5,W6,W4’.WhiletheroomobjectR2references25 thewallobjectsW3’’,W4’’,W5,W6,theroomobjectR3referencesthewallobjectsW1’’, W2’’,W7,W8,theroomobjectEreferencesthereforetheeightwallobjectsW1’,W1’’,W2’’, W2’,W3’,W3’’,W4’’,W4’.Similarasdescribedbefore,eachwallobjectlikeW1’references totwocornerobjectslikeC1andC10representingtheinnerwallpointsofthewallobject W1’.EachwallobjecthavingaframeobjectincludedlikeW6andW4’’referencetotheir30 correspondingframeobjectF1andF2,respectively. Subsequently,itisexplainedhowthebillofquantitiesiscomputed.Thebillof quantitiesrepresentsthetotalpriceforeachtypeofmaterialbasedonthequantitiesof thosematerialsneededbasedonthelayoutoftheproject.Thebillofquantitiesisneeded tocomputethetotalpriceoftheproject.Preferably,theCADprogramisconfiguredto35 showorexportthebillofquantitieswiththesub-pricesandquantitiesforeachtypeof 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 14 material.However,inalesspreferredembodiment,itwouldalsobepossibletoshowonly thetotalpriceofthetypeofmaterialscalculatedbasedonthebillofquantities.Thebillof quantitiescomprisesatleastthefollowingtotalpricesforeachwallmaterialused,foreach wallfinishingused,foreachfloorfinishingused,foreachceilingfinishingused. Foreachwallmaterial,thetotalpriceoftherespectivewallmaterialis5 computed.Thetotalpricefortherespectivewallmaterialiscomputedbasedonthe distancesofallwallelementsbetweenthefirstinnerwallpointandthesecondinnerwall pointoftherespectivewallelementshavingthisrespectivewallmaterialandbasedonthe respectivewallmaterialprice.Thetotalpricefortherespectivewallmaterialiscomputed preferablybasedonthedistancesofallwallelementsbetweenthefirstinnerwallpointand10 thesecondinnerwallpointoftherespectivewallelementshavingthisrespectivewall material,theheightofthewallelements(oroftheroomorthelevel,iftheyhaveallthe sameheight)andbasedontherespectivewallmaterialprice.Preferably,thedistances betweentheinnerwallpointsprovideakindofperimeterofthewallatitscenter.For example,inFig.1,thedistanceofthepolygonofthefourinnerwallpoints(C1,C2,C3,C4)15 providethedistanceofthefourwalls.Then,ifthisdistanceismultipliedwiththeheightofthe roomorofthelevel(orinamorecomplexcaseeachwalldistancemultipliedwithitswall height),thenthetotalwallsurfaceisobtained.Thewallmaterialpricecouldbeprovidedas avolumedependentpriceasusuallythecaseforconcreteorforstonewallslikebrickwall. Inthiscase,thewallelementis,preferablyalsobasedonthethicknessoftherespective20 wallelements.Inthiscase,thetotalpriceoftherespectivewallmaterialisthencomputed alsobasedonthethicknessofthewall.ForexampleinFig.1,thesurfaceobtainedby multiplyingtheperimeterC1-C2-C3-C4withtheheightwouldbefurthermultipliedwiththe thicknessofthewall(theorderofthemultiplicationperimeter,heightandthicknessis obviouslyrandom)leadingtothetotalvolumeofthewallmaterial.However,thewall25 materialpricecouldalsobegivenbasedonaspecificwallthicknesswithasurfacearea dependentprice(persquaremeterforexample).Forexamplefora20cmthickbrickwall, afixedsquaremeterpricecouldbegiven.Inthiscase,thesurfaceobtainedisthendirectly multipliedwiththewall.However,itispreferredthatthewallthicknessisadynamic parameterwhichcanbechangedinthedrawingsandthetotalwallmaterialpricecanbe30 obtaineddynamically.Fig.3showsthecase,wheretherearetwotypesofwallelements, onetypewithafirstthicknessandasecondtypewithasecondthickness.Thefirstwalltype correspondstotheoneinFig.1,butwithmorewallelementsandthuscorrespondinginner wallpoints.Thus,thesamewallmaterialpriceforthewallpolygonC1,C10,C2,C8,C3,C5, C4,C7wouldbeobtainedbasedtherespectivepolygondistanceasforthedistanceofthe35 wallpolygonC1,C2,C3,C4inFig.1.Forthesecondtypeofwallwithathinnerthickness,2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 15 thetotalpricecouldbecomputedbasedonthedistanceofthewallelementW5,W6,W7, W8,i.e.basedonthedistancesoftheirinnerwallpointsC5-C6,C6-C7,C8-C9,C9-C10asis wellshowninFig.6.Thus,thetotalpriceofthewallmaterialofthewallofthesecondtype arecomputedbasedonthesedistances,multipliedwiththeheightofthelevel,roomorwall element.Asexplainedabove,ifthewallmaterialpriceisgivenforaspecificwalltypeasa5 surfaceareadependentprice,thisobtainedsurfacemultipliedwiththewallmaterialprice ofthiswalltypewouldprovidedirectlythetotalpriceofthiswallmaterial.Otherwise,ifthe wallmaterialisgivenasavolumedependentprice,thetotalpriceofthewallmaterialof thewallofthesecondtypearecomputedbasedonthesedistances,multipliedwiththe heightofthelevel,roomorwallelementandmultipliedwiththicknessofthesewallelements10 W5,W6,W7,W8.Iftheheightand / orthicknessisthesameforallwallelements,theheight and / orthicknessismultipliedoncethedistancesofthewallelementsW5,W6,W7,W8are summeduptoatotalperimeterofthesumofthesub-perimetersC5-C6-C7andC8-C9-C10. However,itisobviouslyalsopossibletomultiplyfirsteachdistanceorsub-perimeterwithits respectiveheightand / orthickness.Thetotalpriceofeachwallmaterialcanbegiven15 preferablywithsub-sumslikeonesub-totalpriceofeachwallmaterialofacertainthickness, e.g.atotalpriceforabrickwallof30cm(liketheexternalwallinFig.3)andatotalpriceof abrickwallof20cm(liketheinternalwallsW5,W6,W7,W8).Thetotalpricecanbefurther sub-dividedinareasofthebuilding,e.g.therespectivesub-totalofeachlevelofthe building.20 Theamountoftherespectivewallmaterialwillbecorrectedbasedonthe frameelementscontainedinthewallelementsofthiswallmaterial.Theframeelements definethesurfaceorvolumecoveredandthusallowtocorrectthetotalsurfaceorvolume ofthewallmaterialinthebillofquantitiesandthusthetotalpriceofthewallmaterialinthe billofquantities.Thecorrectioncanhappenwhenanywaygoingthroughthewallelements25 bychecking,iftheycontainaframeelement.Ifthisisthecase,thesurfaceorvolumeofthe wallelementcouldbecorrectedrightawaybythesurfaceorvolumeoftheframeelement beforesummingthistothecumulativesumparameter.Itwouldalsobepossibletosumfirst thesurfaceofthevolumeofthewallelementtothecumulativesumparameterand subtractingthenthesurfaceorvolumeoftheframeelementfromthecumulativesum30 parameter(orviceversa)beforegoingtothenextwallelement.However,itwouldalsobe possibletoprocessfirstallwallelementswithoutthecorrectionoftheframeelementsand thengothroughalltheframeelementsandcorrectingtherespectivecumulativesum parameters. Fig.8showsschematically,whytheinnerwallpointsaresoadvantageousfor35 calculatingthewallvolume,orthehorizontalwallsurface(whichmustbemultipliedwiththe 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 16 heighttoobtainthewallvolume).SincetheinnerwallpointC9isarrangedatthe intersectionpointofthewallorientationlines7and8oftwoconnectedwallelementsW7 andW8,themultiplicationofthedistancebetweenthetwoinnerwallpointswiththe thicknessoftherespectivewallelementsresultsinonerectangularsurfacewiththelength correspondingtothedistancebetweenthetwoinnerwallpointsandawidthcorresponding5 tothethicknessofthewallelementforeachwallelement.Therectangularsurfaceofthe wallelementW7isillustratedasaverticallyhatchedrectangleandtherectangularsurface ofthewallelementW8isshownasahorizontallyhatchedrectangle.Attheconnection pointC9,thetworectangleshaveafirstrectanglesurfaceQ3whichiscoveredbyboth rectangles,arectangleQ1coveredonlybytherectangleofthewallelementW7anda10 rectangleQ2coveredonlybytherectangleofthewallelementW8andonerectangleof thewallelementsW7andW8coveredbynoneofthosetworectanglesofthewallelements W7andW8.However,sincetherectangleQ3iscoveredtwiceandhastheexactsamesize asQ4,theexacthorizontalsurfaceofthetwowallelementsandthustheircorrectvolume canbecalculated.When3wallelementswouldbeconnectedatoneinnerwallpointC9,15 additionally,forexampleinthedirectionoftheorientationline7,therectangleQ4would befilledbytherectanglesurfaceofthethirdwallelementandtherectangleQ2wouldbe coveredtwice,firstbythewallelementW8andbythethirdwallelementnotshown.Thus, thehorizontalwallsurfacecouldbecorrectedbythesurfaceofQ2.Let’sassumethata cornerrectangleisrepresentedbythesquaresurfacegeneratedbythemultiplicationof20 thethicknessesoftwoperpendicularwallelements.Forintersectionofthreeormorewall elements,itwouldbepossibletocorrectthehorizontalwallsurfaceorthewallmaterial volume.Incaseofthreewallintersections,thehorizontalwallsurfacecouldbecorrected byhalfthesurfaceareaofthecornerrectangle.Incaseoffourwallintersections,the horizontalwallsurfacecouldbecorrectedbythesurfaceareaofthecornerrectangle.Ifa25 wallelementsisatoneendnotconnectedwithanotherwallelement,theinnerwallpoint ispreferablyarrangedattherealendpointofthewallonthewallorientationlinesothat therectanglerepresentingthehorizontalwallsurfaceextendscorrectlyuntiltherealendof thewallelement. IftheobjectorienteddatastructureisusedintheCADprogram,theCAD30 programgoespreferablyforeachlevelobjectthroughthewallelementsofthisleveland generatestotalpriceperwallmaterial.Preferably,theCADprogramdeterminesforeach wallelementitslengthbasedonthedistancebetweenthetwoinnerwallpoints,e.g.the distancebetweenC5andC6forthewallobjectW5.Preferably,acumulativesumis generatedforeachwallmaterialand / oreachwalltype.Thegeneratedsumparameterfor35 eachwalltypeisaddedtotherespectivecumulativesumparametertowhichitbelongs. 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 17 ForexamplethewallelementsW5,W6,W7,W8couldbemadeoffaplasterboardandthe wallelementsW1toW4couldbemadeofbrick.Bycheckingineachwallelementtowhich wallmaterialortypeitbelongs,thegeneratedparametercouldbesummedtothe respectivecumulativesumparameteroftherespectivewallmaterial.Theparametercould beadistance,asurfaceoravolumeorevenapriceofthewallelement.Forexample,the5 distanceofthewallsW5toW8couldbesummedupandthenmultipliedbyitsheightand thicknesstogetthevolumeofthewall.Thiscanthenmultipliedbythewallmaterialprice pervolumetogetthetotalpriceofW5toW8.However,itisalsopossibletocalculatefor eachwallelementW5toW8itswallsurfacebymultiplyingeachwalldistancebyitsheight andsummingupthiswallsurfaceforallwallsofthesamethickness.Thiscouldhavethe10 advantagethatthesurfaceoftheframesincludedinthewallcouldberemovedforeach wallelementfromthecumulativesumparameteraswillbeexplainedbelow.Similar,it wouldalsopossibletomultiplythedistancesofeachwallelementbyitsthicknessandsum upakindofhorizontalsurfaceofthewallelements(onlyifthicknessofthewallispurely calculatedonthevolumeprice),ortomultiplythedistanceswithheightandthicknessand15 sumupthevolumesofthewallelements.Asmentioned,itwouldalsobepossibletosumup alreadythewallelementprices,butthisislesspreferredasitispreferredtoshowonthebill ofquantitiestheamount(surfaceorvolume)ofthewallelementsandthefinalprice.The thicknessTHWispreferablyincludedinthewallobjectstructureOW.Theframeobject includedinawallobjectcanpreferablybeobtainedbythereferenceofthewallobjectto20 theframeobject,e.g.thewallobjectW6referencingtotheframeobjectF1,e.g.adoor.If thecorrectionofthewallamountbytheframeobjectsistreatedafterwards,theframe objectscanbegonethroughonebyonetocorrectattheendthefinalamountsofthe cumulativesumparametersforeachwallmaterial.TheheightLHispreferablystoredinthe levelobject.Thewallobjectsrelatedtoalevelobject,e.g.inFig.5L1,canaccesstheheight25 LHofthelevelL1. ForeachwallfinishingRP,thetotalpriceoftherespectivewallfinishingbased onthedistancesbetweenthesurfacecornerpointsoftheroomsofthewallelements relatedtotherespectivewallfinishingandbasedontherespectivewallfinishingpriceand preferablybasedontheheightofthewallelements,roomorlevel.Inordertogetthecorrect30 wallsurfacesforcalculatingthepriceforthefinishingofthewallsurfaces,thewallsurfaces arecalculatedbasedonthesurfacecornerpoints.Thedistancebetweenthesurface cornerpointsprovidetheperimeteroftheroomand / orthelengthofthesurfaceofeach wallelementasshowninFig.7forroomR2.Thedistance11betweenthesurfacecorner pointsP18andP4representsthelengthofthesurfaceofthewallelementW3’’towardthe35 roomR2.Thus,thedistance11multipliedbytheheightofthewallelementW3’’provides 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 18 thesurfaceareaofthewallelementW3’’forthewallfinishingFW1 / 2.Bydoingthisforeach wallelement(andforbothsidesofthewallelement),thetotalsurfaceareaoftheforeach typeofwallfinishingcanbecomputed,preferablybysummingupthesurfaceareaofall wallsurfaceswiththesamewallfinishingofallwallelementstoyieldthetotalsurfacearea foreachtypeofwallfinishing.Bymultiplyingthetotalsurfaceareaofeachtypewiththe5 surfacedependentpriceoftherespectivewallfinishing,thetotalpriceforeachtypeofwall finishingcanbecomputed. Similarasexplainedabove,thewallsurfaceareasarepreferablycorrected bytheframeobjects / elementscontainedinthewallelements.Forexample,thesurface areaofthewallelementW6iscorrected,preferablysubtractedbythesurfaceareaofthe10 frameelementF1inthewallelementW6whichcanbeobtainedbythedimensionsHF,WF oftheframeelement.IfthedimensionsareheightHFandwidthWF,thesurfaceareaofthe frameelementcouldbeobtainedbymultiplyingHFandWF.Optionally,thelateral,top and / orbottomsurfacesoftheframehavingthesamefinishingasthewallelementcanbe furtheraddedtotheareaofthewallelementwiththerespectivefinishing.15 Foreachfloorfinishing,thetotalpriceoftherespectivefloorfinishingbased ontherespectivefloorfinishingpriceandbasedonthefloorsurfacedeterminedfromthe distancesbetweenthesurfacecornerpointsofeachroomrelatedtothisfloorfinishing.As showninFig.7,thesurfaceoftheflooroftheroomR2isdefinedbythefoursurfacecorner pointsP18,P4,P19,P20.ThesurfaceareaofthefloorofR2couldbecalculatedbythe20 distancebetweenthesurfacecornerpointsP18andP4orP19andP20multipliedbythe distanceofthesurfacecornerpointsP4andP20orP18andP19.Inordertohaveamethod whichworksforanyroomforms,e.g.alsoforroomformR1’,thesurfaceareaincludedinthe polygon(e.g.P3-P15-P16-P17-P1-P9-P10-P11-P3)definedbythesurfacecornerpointscould beintegratedtoobtainthesurfaceareaincluded.Thesurfaceareaoftheroom25 element / object(s)withthesamefloorfinishingFIN1aremultipliedwiththeareadependent priceofthefloorfinishinginordertoobtainthetotalpriceofthisfloorfinishing. Thesurfaceareaofafloorfinishingcouldbecorrectedbyframeobjects arrangedonthebottomlikedoorsandhavingthesamefloorfinishingastheroom element / object.Inthiscase,thedimensionofthefloorsurfaceareaoftheframe30 object / elementcanbeaddedtothetotalsurfaceareaofafloorfinishing.Thesurfacearea oftheframeonthefloorcouldbeobtainedbymultiplyingthethicknessofthewallelement withthewidthoftheframeelement. Foreachceilingfinishing,thetotalpriceoftherespectiveceilingfinishing basedontherespectiveceilingfinishingpriceandbasedontheceilingsurfacedetermined35 fromthedistancesbetweenthesurfacecornerpointsofeachroomrelatedtothisceiling 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 19 finishing.AsshowninFig.7,thesurfaceoftheceilingoftheroomR2isdefinedbythefour surfacecornerpointsP18,P4,P19,P20.ThesurfaceareaoftheceilingofR2couldbe calculatedbythedistancebetweenthesurfacecornerpointsP18andP4orP19andP20 multipliedbythedistanceofthesurfacecornerpointsP4andP20orP18andP19.Inorder tohaveamethodwhichworksforanyroomforms,e.g.alsoforroomformR1’,thesurface5 areaincludedinthepolygon(e.g.P3-P15-P16-P17-P1-P9-P10-P11-P3)definedbythesurface cornerpointscouldbeintegratedtoobtainthesurfaceareaincluded.Thesurfaceareaof theroomelement / object(s)withthesameceilingfinishingFIN1aremultipliedwiththearea dependentpriceoftheceilingfinishinginordertoobtainthetotalpriceofthisceiling finishing.10 Thebillofquantitiesand / orthetotalpricepreferablycontainsthepricesof furtherobjects / elementsinthelayoutlikethepricesoftheframeobjectslikewindows,doors, etc.Thesecanbefixedprices,iftheyhavefixeddimensions.Ifthedimensionsoftheframes arevariablelikeforwindows,thepricescanbedependentonthedimensionsofthe windows.Otherpricescouldbethepriceforstairobjects,furnitureobjects,etc.Thebillof15 quantitiescouldcomprisefurtherpriceslikethepricesforhydraulicinstallations,forheating installations,forACinstallations,forelectricityinstallations.Thesecouldbefixedprices. The3Dviewoftheprojectorthe3Dmodel(ofeachlevel)ispreferably computedbasedonthesurfacecornerpointsoftheroomsofthe2Dplaneandbasedon thewallfinishingsrelatedtothewallelements(ofthislevel)andpreferablybasedonfloor20 finishingsoftheroomelements(ofthislevel),andpreferablybasedontheceilingfinishings oftheroomelements.Ifallthesurfacecornerpointsofonelevelofthe2Dview(whichare 2Dpoints)areconvertedintwosetsof3Dpointswiththesamex,ycoordinateandonce withthez-coordinateoftheheightLPofthefloor(whichcouldberetrievedfromthelevel object / elementOL)andoncewiththez-coordinateoftheheightoftheceilingLP+LH25 (whichcouldberetrievedfromthelevelobject / elementOL),afullgridof3Dpoints representingthelevelOLofthisprojectinthe3Dviewisgenerated.Thus,thesamesurface cornerpointsusedforcalculatingallthefinishingpricesareusedaswellforgeneratingthe 3Dview.Thisreducesthecomputationpowerforthegenerationof3Dviewandfor calculatingthepricessignificantly.Thus,twosetsof3Dpointsgeneratedfromthesurface30 cornerpointsofthe2Dplanconstituteameshinwhichonlythemeshsurfacesmustbefilled withthecorrespondingvisualizationsofthefinishingsstoredinthewallelementsandthe roomelements. Preferably,eachtimeanewelement / objectisaddedinthe2Dview,the3D modelforthe3Dviewisupdated(evenifmaybenotshown).Thisguaranteesthatthe35 displayofthe3Dmodelisreallyfast.Forexample,whenanewwallelementW5isaddedin 2025 / 5020 BE2025 / 5020 20,