FEEDING METHOD FOR RHYNOCORIS FUSCIPES

Description

2. Spodopteralitura. As a preferred embodiment, the feeding quantity of frozen food for each Rhynocoris fuscipes is 1 to 3 pieces per feeding. As a preferred embodiment, the Spodopteralitura comprises larvae of Spodopteralitura from the 3rd to 4th larval stage. 5. As a preferred embodiment, the method for producing the frozen food comprises: freezing Tenebriomolitor and / or Spodopteralitura, the freezing temperature being -20 to -4°C. As a preferred implementation, the freezing period is 1 to 20 days. As a preferred implementation, the procedure prior to feeding further includes: thawing frozen feed, with the thawing temperature being 20 to 26°C and the duration being 3 to 6 hours. As a preferred implementation, the feeding temperature is 23 to 28°C.The relative humidity is 55% to 65% and the photoperiod is 16-15 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. Advantageous Effects: The present invention provides a feeding method for Rhynocoris fuscipes, comprising the following steps: feeding Rhynocoris fuscipes with frozen food, wherein the frozen food comprises frozen tenebriomolitor and / or frozen spodopteralitu. By using frozen food to feed Rhynocoris fuscipes, the frozen insects completely lose their activity and attack capability after the low-temperature treatment. This completely eliminates damage to the various insect stages of Rhynocoris fuscipes by live prey, which in particular protects the safe feeding of weak nymphs in the early stages and drastically increases the survival rate of the population. In addition, no manual pretreatment such as cutting is required, and the The feed can be added directly to the feed, thus significantly simplifying the breeding process.Manual working hours and personnel costs are reduced, and adaptation to the requirements of large-scale mass breeding is made possible. BE2026 / 7428 3 The frozen food used within the scope of the present invention also solves the problem that live prey is limited by the growth cycle of host plants, climatic seasonal changes, and its own development time. It enables stable year-round storage and supply, which creates a solid material foundation for the year-round, continuous reproduction of Rhynocoris fuscipes.5 The feeding method according to the invention meets both the growth and development needs of Rhynocoris fuscipes in the nymphal stage and the comprehensive nutritional requirements for the growth, development, and reproduction of the adult animals. This ensures continuous and stable population growth.effectively promotes the realization of industrial-scale mass breeding of Rhynocoris fuscipes and provides a stable insect source for green biological pest control using natural enemies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows results of the average daily prey quantity of adult Rhynocoris fuscipes fed with different feeds compared to Helicoverpaassulta. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention provides a feeding method for Rhynocoris fuscipes 20, comprising the following steps: feeding Rhynocoris fuscipes with a frozen feed, wherein the frozen feed comprises frozen tenebriomolitor and / or frozen spodopteralitu. According to the invention, the feeding quantity of frozen food for each Rhynocoris fuscipes can be 1 to 3 pieces per feeding, for example 1, 2 or 3 pieces per 25 feedings. A preferred embodiment is provided that the feeding quantity is 2 pieces per feeding when the frozen food is frozen Tenebrio molitor; and that the feeding quantity is 1 piece per feeding whenwhen the BE2026 / 7428 4 frozen food frozen Spodopteralitura. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, feeding takes place once daily. According to the invention, the Spodopteralitura are preferably larvae of Spodopteralitura des 3 to 4. Larval stage, wherein the Tenebriomolitor is preferably a Tenebriomolitor larva. 5 A preferred embodiment is provided that a process for producing the frozen food comprises: freezing Tenebriomolitor and / or Spodoptera litura. According to the invention, the temperature during freezing can be -20 to -4°C, for example -20, -15, -10 or -4°C. According to the invention, the duration of freezing can be 1 to 20 days, for example 1, 7, 14 or 20 days. 10 A preferred embodiment is provided that, prior to feeding, it further comprises: thawing the frozen food. According to the invention, the temperature during thawing can be The temperature can be between 20 and 26°C, for example 20, 22, 24 or 26°C, and the duration can be between 3 and 6 hours, for example 3, 4,5 or 6 hours. According to the invention, during feeding the temperature can be 23 to 28°C, for example 23, 15, 25 or 28°C, the relative humidity 55% to 65%, for example 50%, 60% or 65%, and the photoperiod 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. To further explain the present invention, a feeding method for Rhynocoris fuscipes according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments; however, these are not to be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Exemplary embodiment: Larvae of Tenebriomolitor were taken and frozen at -4°C for 7 days to obtain frozen larvae of Tenebriomolitor. Well-developed, newly hatched nymphs of Rhynocoris fuscipes were reared in an artificial climate chamber under conditions of 26 ± 1°C, a light ratio of L:D = 16 h:8, and a relative humidity of 60 ± 5%. For each Rhynocoris fuscipes, the feeding amount was 2 frozen larvae of Tenebriomolitor per feeding.where feeding took place once daily BE2026 / 7428 5, and where, prior to feeding, the frozen larvae of Tenebriomolitor were thawed at 23 ± 2°C for 4 hours. During the breeding process, fresh feed was offered daily, and impurities in plastic boxes were regularly removed. Example II: Larvae of Spodopteraliturades 3rd to 4th larval stages were taken and frozen at -20°C for 7 days to obtain frozen larvae of Spodopteraliturades 3rd to 4th larval stages. Well-developed, newly hatched nymphs of Rhynocoris fuscipes were reared in an artificial climate chamber under conditions of 26 ± 1°C, a light ratio of L:D = 16 h:8, and a relative humidity of 60% ± 5%. For each Rhynocoris fuscipes, the feeding quantity was one frozen larva of Spodopteraliturades from the 3rd to 4th larval stage per feeding, which took place once daily.and, prior to feeding, the frozen larvae of Spodopteraliturades in the 3rd to 4th larval stage were thawed at 23±2°C for 4 hours. During the breeding process, fresh food was offered daily, and 15 contaminants in plastic boxes were regularly removed. Experimental Example I: Well-developed, freshly hatched nymphs of Rhynocoris fuscipes were randomly placed into small plastic boxes for individual breeding. The small plastic boxes were placed in an artificial climate chamber at 26 ± 1°C, a light condition of L:D = 16 h:8, and a relative humidity of 60 ± 5%. They were each fed with live Tenebriomolitor (2 pieces per feeding, referred to as live Tenebriomolitor), frozen Tenebriomolitor from Example I (2 pieces per feeding, referred to as frozen Tenebriomolitor), or frozen larvae of Spodopteraliturade from the 3rd to 4th larval stage from Example II (1 piece per feeding).The animals were fed frozen Spodopteralitura and live larvae of Spodopteralitura from the 3rd to 4th larval stage (1 piece per feeding, referred to as live Spodopteralitura). Fresh food was offered daily, and contaminants in plastic boxes were regularly removed. BE2026 / 7428 6 replicate experiments were carried out on the nymphs of Rhynocoris fuscipes, with 3 replicates set up for each food and each replicate containing 30 individuals of Rhynocoris fuscipes. The number of surviving nymphs of Rhynocoris fuscipes was observed daily, and the development time and survival rate were calculated, the results of which are shown in Table 1.5 Here, the cumulative number of days for each Rhynocoris fuscipes from hatching through successive molts from the 1st to the 5th nymphal stage until the day on which the final imaginal molt to the adult stage occurs corresponds tothe total duration of the nymphal phase. The nymphal development duration in Table 1 represents the mean of the total duration of the nymphal phase of the 30 individuals of Rhynocoris 10 fuscipes. Table 1: Nymphal Development Time of Rhynocoris fuscipes under Differently Treated Food Treatment Nymphal Development Time (Days) 1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage 4th Stage 5th Stage Total Duration of Nymphal Stage Live Tenebrio molitor 13.99±0.62a 9.43±0.46a 9.30±0.36b 11.67±0.33b 19.58±0.81b 63.76±1.71ab Frozen Tenebrio molitor 11.23±0.53b 7.84±0.22b 8.78±0.26b 13.28±0.67a 24.93±1.60a 67.43±2.30a Frozen Spodoptera litura 15.53 ± 0.51 a 10.31 ± 0.28 a 10.29 ± 0.42 a 11.11 ± 0.29 b 14.88 ± 0.39 c 62.17 ± 1.24 b Live Spodoptera litura 14.57 ± 0.58 a 9.67 ± 0.46 a 9.09 ± 0.40 b 11.45 ± 0.34 b 17.96 ± 0.43 b 63.00 ± 1.23 ab Note: The data in the table correspond to Means ± SE, where different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between the treatments (P < 0.05), and 15 where the same applies below. From Table 1 it is evident,that the nymphal development time of Rhynocoris fuscipes was 63.76 days, 67.43 days, 62.17 days, and 63.00 days, respectively, when fed with live Tenebriomolitor, frozen Tenebriomolitor, frozen Spodopteralitura, and live Spodopteralitura. The nymphal development time of Rhynocoris fuscipes was significantly shorter when fed with frozen Spodopteralitura than when fed with frozen Tenebriomolitor, but showed no significant difference compared to the two feedings with live Tenebriomolitor and live Spodopteralitura. The shorter development time of Reduviidae after the Feeding with frozen tenebriomolitor indicates that this prey is better than food for Reduviidae, so that a generation of Reduviidae can be bred in a shorter time, thus reducing the overall breeding time and saving costs. In the two nymphs of 5 Rhynocoris fuscipes that were fed with frozen tenebriomolitor,The nymphal development period was prolonged. However, there was no significant difference compared to the nymphal development period of Rhynocoris fuscipes nymphs fed with live tenebriomolitors and live larvae of spodopteralituras. 10 Experimental Example II According to the breeding method from Experimental Example I, each Rhynocoris fuscipes was fed with live tenebriomolitors (2 pieces per feeding), frozen tenebriomolitors from Example I (2 pieces per feeding), frozen larvae of spodopteralituras from the 3rd to 4th larval stage from Example II (1 piece per feeding), and live larvae of spodopteralituras from the 3rd to 4th larval stage (1 piece per feeding). Adult Andean tortoises (Rhynocoris fuscipes) fed different diets were sexed and randomly paired. They were then bred in pairs in plastic boxes measuring 20 cm in length (13.5 cm), 8 cm in width, and 6.2 cm in height.fresh tobacco leaves were placed in the boxes so that they could lay eggs. Three replicates were set up for each feeding, with each replicate containing five pairs of Rhynocoris fuscipes. The nymphs obtained from the adult eggs were then monitored, with the survival of nymphs from 25 Rhynocoris fuscipes observed and recorded daily, and the survival rate and overall survival rate calculated, the results of which are shown in Table 2. Here, the overall survival rate refers to the percentage of 1st-stage nymphs that are able to develop into adults after five successive molts. After the 1st-stage nymphs have molted to the 2nd-stage nymph, the following applies: 1st-stage survival rate = number The number of surviving nymphs from the 2nd stage / total number of nymphs from the 1st stage × 100%. After the nymphs from the 2nd stage have molted to the 3rd nymph stage,The following applies: Survival rate of the 2nd stage = Number of 5 surviving nymphs of the 3rd stage / Total number of nymphs of the 2nd stage × 100%, and so on. The overall survival rate = Total number of all individuals that completed the imaginal molt to the adult stage / Total number of nymphs of the 1st stage at the beginning × 100%. The nymphs grew and developed until they became adults, with the egg-laying of the adult animals of Rhynocoris fuscipes 10 being observed and recorded daily. The lifespan of the females (preoviposition period and total lifespan of the females) as well as the lifespan of the males were statistically recorded, the results of which are in Table 3. are shown. In addition, the pre-oviposition period, the amount of egg laid, the duration of egg laying and the weight (weight 24 hours after the imaginal molt to the adult stage) were statistically recorded.whose results are shown in Table 4. Table 2: Survival rate of Rhynocoris fuscipes with differently treated food Treatment Survival rate (%) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Overall survival rate Live Tenebrio molitor 88.89 ± 4.44a 90.47 ± 4.76ab 100 ± 0.00a 100 ± 0.00a 77.78 ± 2.78b 62.22 ± 2.22a Frozen Tenebrio molitor 91.11 ± 4.44a 100 ± 0.00a 100 ± 0.00a 97.44 ± 2.56a 55.30 ± 7.03b 48.89 ± 5.88a Frozen Spodoptera litura 88.89 ± 5.88a 72.44 ± 10.22b 100 ± 0.00a 95.24 ± 4.76a 97.22 ± 2.78a 60.00 ± 10.18a Live Spodoptera litura 82.22 ± 2.22a 83.76 ± 4.83b 96.97 ± 3.03a 96.97 ± 3.03a 96.67 ± 3.33a 62.22 ± 2.22a From Table 2 it is evident that the overall survival rate of Rhynocoris fuscipes in the nymphal stage when fed with live Tenebriomolitor, frozen Tenebriomolitor, frozen Spodoptera litura and live Spodoptera 20 liturajejejede62,22%,48,89%,60,00%bwiec. 62,22% was found. There was no significant difference between the four treatments regarding the overall survival rate of Rhynocoris fuscipes in the nymphal stage. The survival rate of nymphs in the 2nd stage of Rhynocoris fuscipes when fed frozen tenebriomolitor was significantly higher than that of nymphs in the 2nd stage of Rhynocoris fuscipes when fed frozen spodopteralitura and live spodopteralitura. The survival rate of nymphs in the 5th stage of Rhynocoris fuscipes when fed frozen larvae of spodopteralitura was significantly higher than that of nymphs in the 5th stage of Rhynocoris fuscipes when fed frozen larvae of spodopteralitura. with living tenebriomolitor and frozen tenebriomolitor,However, no significant difference was observed between the nymphs of the 5th instar of Rhynocoris fuscipes and those fed live larvae of Spodoptera litura.10 Table 3: Preoviposition period and lifespan of Rhynocoris fuscipes with differently treated feed Treatment Lifespan of females (days) Lifespan of males (days) Preoviposition period Total lifespan of females Live Tenebrio molitor 19.86±0.99b 60.96±2.84b 51.16±2.18b Frozen Tenebrio molitor 25.86±0.63a 43.88±4.48c 37.48±3.30c Frozen Spodoptera litura 12.66±0.85c 73.56±3.12a 60.56±2.94a Live Spodoptera litura 11.76±0.58c 75.74±2.32a 61.62±2.56a From Table 3 it is evident that the preoviposition period of Rhynocoris fuscipes when fed with live Tenebriomolitor, frozen Tenebriomolitor, frozen Spodoptera litura and live Spodoptera litura was 19.86 days, 25.86 days, 15 days, 12.66 days and 11 days respectively.76-day fraud. Here, the preoviposition period of Rhynocoris fuscipes was significantly longer when fed frozen Tenebriomolitor than the preoviposition period when fed live Tenebriomolitor, frozen Spodopteralitura, and live Spodopteralitura, whereas the preoviposition period when fed frozen Spodopteralitura larvae was significantly shorter than the preoviposition period when fed live Tenebrio molitor. The lifespan of female and male adult animals of BE2026 / 7428 10 Rhynocoris fuscipes when fed live Tenebriomolitor,The lifespan of female and male adult animals fed frozen tenebriomolitor was significantly longer than that of the female and male adult animals fed frozen tenebriomolitor. However, it did not show a significant difference compared to treatment with live tenebriomolitor. Table 4: Egg Laying Quantity, Number of Egg Layings and Weight of Rhynocoris fuscipes under Differently Treated Feed 10 Treatment Egg Laying Quantity per Laying (Eggs / Female) Number of Egg Layings (Males / Female) Total Egg Laying Quantity (Eggs / Female) Weight (g) Female Adults Male Adults Live Tenebrio molitor 22.10±0.77a8.50±0.50ab187.50±4.50a0.078±0.0066a0.056±0.0035a Frozen Tenebrio molitor 11.03±0.17c6.00±1.00b66.00±10.00b0.054±0.0029b0.043±0.000094a Frozen Spodopteralitura 17.60±0.45b 12.00±2.08a 209.67±31.48a 0.086±0.0042a 0.049±0.0024a Live Spodopteralitura 17.26±1.10b 13.00±0.58a 225.59±24.30a 0.086±0.0037a 0.050±0.0021a From Table 4 it is evident that the egg quantity per deposit of adult females of Rhynocoris fuscipes when fed with live Tenebriomolitor, frozen Tenebriomolitor, frozen Spodopteralitura and live Spodoptera The number of eggs laid per female was 22, 10, 11, 3, 17, 60, and 17, 26 respectively. The number of eggs laid per deposit was highest (15) when feeding with live Tenebriomolitor and lowest when feeding with frozen Tenebriomolitor, with both showing a significant difference compared to feeding with Spodoptera litura. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid between feedings with live Tenebriomolitor, frozen Spodoptera litura, and live Spodoptera litura.The total number of eggs laid and the weight of the female and male adult animals of Rhynocoris fuscipes. The BE2026 / 7428 11 feedings with frozen Spodopteralitura and live Spodopteralitura were, however, significantly higher than the feeding with frozen Tenebriomolitor with respect to the number of eggs laid, the total number of eggs laid, and the weight of the female adult animals. The feeding with live Tenebriomolitor was significantly higher than the feeding with frozen Tenebriomolitor with respect to the total number of eggs laid and the weight of the female adult animals, with the weight of the male adult animals showing no significant difference between the four treatments. Experiment III: In Petri dishes with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 1.5 cm, a sterile water-moistened filter paper was placed in each dish to regulate humidity, and a female adult animal of Rhynocoris fuscipes was placed in each dish.which had undergone a 24-hour fasting treatment. According to the breeding method from Experimental Example I, each Rhynocoris fuscipes was fed live Tenebriomolitor (2 pieces per feeding), frozen Tenebriomolitor from Exemplary Example I (2 pieces per feeding), frozen larvae of Spodopteralitura 15 of the 3rd to 4th larval stage from Exemplary Example II (1 piece per feeding), and live larvae of Spodopteralitura of the 3rd to 4th larval stage (1 piece per feeding). Subsequently, larvae of Helicoverpaassulta of the 2nd larval stage were added successively at densities of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 pieces per dish, respectively. To prevent cannibalism among the larvae of Helicoverpaasulta, a sufficient quantity of tobacco leaves was placed in the center of the Petri dishes. Five replications were set up for each treatment. After a treatment period of 24 hours, the number of Helicoverpaasulta larvae captured by Rhynocoris fuscipes was recorded for each treatment, and the daily catch was calculated.the results of which are shown in Table 5 and Figure 1. For every 25 treatments, a control group without Rhynocoris fuscipes was set up to exclude the influence of cannibalism by Helicoverpaassulta. Corrected number of deaths = Number of deaths of Helicoverpa assultades in the treatment group - Number of deaths of Helicoverpa assultades in the control group. BE2026 / 7428 12 The prey quantity of female adult Rhynocoris fuscipes, fed different diets, when capturing Helicoverpa assultades 2nd larval stage larvae was adjusted using Holling's disk equation (Type II), where this equation is: Na = a·T·N / (1+a·Th·N). In the equation, Na represents the number of prey captured, a the instantaneous predator attack rate on the prey, T the total duration of the experiment, N the prey density, and Th the prey handling time, i.e., the timewhich is required for handling a single prey animal (Holling CS. Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism [J]. The Canadian Entomologist, 1959, 91(7):10 385-398). The theoretical prey quantity of Rhynocoris fuscipes at different densities of Helicoverpaassutta, which was determined from the obtained equation, was subjected to a 2-test with the actual prey quantity. Table 5: Reaction equations and correlation coefficients for the predation function of adult animals of Rhynocoris fuscipes under differently treated food. Instantaneous attack rate (a) Handling time (Th) / days Maximum daily prey quantity (Nmax) / piece Pest control effectiveness (a / Th) Equation for the predation function Correlation coefficient r ↔ 2 Live Tenebriomolittor 0.4109 0.012 18 2.65 33.96 Na=0.4109·N / (1 +0.0050·N) 0.997 50.114 Frozen Tenebriomolittor 0.383 80.017 85 6.18 21.56 Na=0.3838·N / (1 +0.0068·N) 0.997 80.144 Frozen spodopteralitura 0.45710.012580.0036.57 Na=0.4571 N / (1 +0.0057 N) 0.99730,161 Live Spodopteralitura 0.46430.010298.0445.52 Na=0.4643·N / (1 +0.0047·N) 0.99830.191 From Table 5 and Figure 1, it is evident that in both female adult animals of Rhynocoris fuscipes, which were fed with live Tenebrio molitor, frozen Tenebrio molitor, frozen Spodopteralitura and live larvae of Spodopteralitura, in the prey density range of 5 to 30 pieces / tray, the average daily prey quantity increased with increasing larval density from BE2026 / 7428 13 Helicoverpassultades 2nd larval stage increase. When a certain level is sufficient The prey quantity tended to stabilize. Its functional response curve showed a negatively accelerated curve, representing an inverse density dependence. This curve agrees with the response model for the predation function described by Holling II.so that Holling's disk equation (Type II) can be used for the 5 adaptation. The model for the functional response of female adult Rhynocoris fuscipes in preying on the larvae of Helicoverpaassultades 2nd larval stage within 24 hours can be determined by the linear least squares method. The calculated theoretical prey quantity of Rhynocoris fuscipes under different densities of larvae of 10 Helicoverpaassultades 2nd larval stage was subjected to a κ2 test with the actual prey quantity. The obtained κ2 values ​​were each less than κ2 (0.05) = 11.07, from which it is evident that the adaptation effect is very good, which shows that the obtained The model can reflect the rule of predation change in female adult Rhynocoris fuscipes under different densities of Helicoverpaasult larvae at the 2.15 larval stage. When the density of Helicoverpaasult approaches N→∞, Na=1 / Th, and the maximum daily prey quantity can be determined from the equation. The average time,The time required by adult females of Rhynocoris fuscipes to capture a single individual of the 2nd larval stage of Helicoverpaassultaden during feedings with live Tenebriomolitor, frozen Tenebriomolitor, frozen Spodopteralitura, and live Spodopteralitura was 0.0121, 0.0178, 0.0125, and 0.0102 days, respectively, and the instantaneous attack rates were 0.4109, 0.3838, 0.4571, and 0.4643, respectively. When evaluating the control effect of natural enemies on pests, both the predator's search and handling processes in relation to the prey must be considered.

Images