Series-parallel hybrid system for powering a work vehicle, agricultural work vehicle equipped with a series-parallel hybrid system, and method for controlling the operation of a series-parallel hybrid system.

Description

1 / 19 “SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEM FOR POWERING A WORK VEHICLE, AGRICULTURAL WORK VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEM AND METHOD OF "OPERATION CONTROL OF A SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEM"

[01] This is a series-parallel type hybrid system for driving an off-road work vehicle. The technology also refers to an agricultural work vehicle comprising said system and to a method of controlling the series-parallel type hybrid system. The hybrid system comprises: at least one internal combustion engine (10), at least one electric motor (12), and at least one hydraulic pump (14), and a planetary gear set (20), defined by a ring gear (21), a sun gear (24) and a plurality of planetary gears (22) associated with a drive structure (23), wherein the planetary gear set (20) is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine (10) and the electric motor 12.The series-parallel type hybrid system is capable of operating exclusively from the internal combustion engine (10) or the electric motor (12), or even from both engines, or even using the internal combustion engine (10) to generate electrical energy by recharging batteries (13).

[02] Off-road work vehicles, also called off-road machinery or “Off Highway Vehicles OHV”, are vehicles designed for operation on irregular and rugged terrain, especially used in the mining, construction and agricultural fields. The main characteristics of this type of vehicle are: using a transmission system that prioritizes better use of the maximum torque range, using wheels with a large diameter, and using tires specific to the type of terrain. Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 16 / 42 2 / 19 that the vehicle will travel.

[03] Off-road work vehicles, such as agricultural vehicles and implements, are commonly powered by internal combustion engines, diesel engines, or hydraulic motors driven by hydraulic pumps mounted on said vehicles or implements. This type of drive is particularly advantageous because it is capable of delivering high torque without the need to reach high travel speeds.

[04] Another advantage of employing hydraulic motor propulsion is that this type of vehicle naturally already includes an onboard hydraulic system for powering various components and accessories, either mounted on or attachable to the vehicle / implement, which are actuated by means of hydraulic actuators.

[05] Hydraulic pumps, in turn, are commonly driven by internal combustion engines (generally diesel engines) or electric motors. However, electric motors have a relative disadvantage in this type of application compared to internal combustion engines when it comes to the relationship between the total weight of the vehicle versus range versus power, since, both to obtain greater range and to power higher-power electric motors, it is necessary to increase the number of batteries on board the vehicle and, furthermore, the power of electric motors is directly proportional to their size and weight. Thus, to increase power or range in cases of electric motor drive, there is a direct impact on the vehicle's weight, which may end up making it unfeasible to travel on terrains more sensitive to the application of high weight on the ground, or may make the project unfeasible in terms of cost or energy efficiency.

[06] Thus, the use of internal combustion engines to provide the Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 17 / 42 3 / 19 hydraulic pump drive is a more versatile, energy-efficient and economically viable solution.

[07] However, it is widely known that there is a growing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, largely due to the burning of fossil fuels derived from petroleum, especially from combustion in internal combustion engines of vehicles.

[08] In view of this scenario, several regulatory agencies and standards work on targets to impose emission limits, with these targets becoming increasingly restrictive over the years. As a way of separating the stages for meeting emission reduction targets, environmental agencies renew the restrictions through time cycles, with each cycle or stage being named differently in each region, being “Stage” in Europe and “Tier” in the United States, for example.

[09] For the reasons set out above, the search for cleaner energy sources is becoming increasingly present in the development of commercially available vehicles, including the creation and constant improvement of catalytic converters, the creation of exhaust gas recirculation systems, the injection of ARLA (Automotive Liquid Reducing Agent), among others, which have represented a huge evolutionary leap in terms of energy efficiency and emission reduction. However, it is noted that, in recent years, in evolutionary terms, diesel engines have reached a plateau, so that it is necessary to make major modifications to the engine assembly to obtain small gains in energy efficiency and pollutant emissions.

[010] In light of this, the use of vehicles powered by electricity (fully electrified) and hybrids (partially electrified), which combine electric propulsion with mechanical propulsion, has gained prominence. Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 18 / 42 4 / 19 by means of combustion.

[011] Considering the problems already highlighted above for off-road work vehicles powered exclusively by electric motors, a hybrid propulsion system proves to be particularly advantageous, as it is a solution that enables a substantial reduction in pollutant emissions, without loss of operational capacity.

[012] As is known in the state of the art, vehicles with hybrid propulsion can have three different drive arrangements of these motors in relation to the output shaft, which can be of the type: series hybrid system, parallel hybrid system, or series-parallel hybrid system.

[013] The series hybrid system consists of a system where the vehicle is powered exclusively by an electric motor, comprising an onboard combustion engine whose sole function is to power a generator responsible for supplying power to the batteries of said electric motor. In the parallel hybrid system, the vehicle's propulsion is primarily provided by an internal combustion engine, however it includes at least one electric motor to assist in the operation of the combustion engine and thus improve the vehicle's performance. In the series-parallel hybrid system (or mixed system), the vehicle can be operated by both the internal combustion engine and the electric motor, depending on pre-established usage conditions, or even allow both engines to operate together, also enabling the generation of electricity during its operation.

[014] Some state-of-the-art solutions feature hybrid propulsion systems, as is the case with US7,662,062, which presents several embodiments of hybrid propulsion systems, but only deals with the concept of hybrid propulsion itself, without any form of Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, p. 19 / 42 5 / 19 specific application.

[015] US patent 2011 / 0281679 discloses a hybrid transmission system comprising planetary gears to enable two different torque sources to be used alternately or together to move a drive shaft, designed for marine or two-wheeled land vehicles.

[016] Finally, document US 8,768,578, although dealing with the energy control of heavy equipment, such as an excavator, does not present the transmission system in detail.

[017] The present technology incorporates a series-parallel hybrid propulsion system in an off-road type work vehicle, in particular an agricultural vehicle or implement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[018] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic view of the series-parallel hybrid system of the present invention, in which a set of planetary gears (20) performs the coupling of a hydraulic pump (14) with an internal combustion engine (10) and / or an electric motor (12). The internal combustion engine (10) is powered by at least one fuel tank (11), while the electric motor (12) is powered by at least one battery (13).

[019] Figure 2 illustrates the planetary gear set (20), defined by a ring gear (21), with direction of rotation 31, a sun gear (24), with direction of rotation 32, and a plurality of planetary gears (22) associated with a drive structure (23), in a condition where the vehicle's hydraulic pump is driven only by the electric motor.

[020] Figure 3 illustrates the planetary gear set (20), defined by a ring gear (21), with direction of rotation 31, a sun gear (24), and a plurality of planetary gears Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 20 / 42 6 / 19 (22) associated with a drive structure (23), with direction of rotation 33, in a condition in which the vehicle's hydraulic pump is driven only by an internal combustion engine.

[021] Figure 4 illustrates the planetary gear set (20), defined by a ring gear (21), with direction of rotation 31, a sun gear (24), with direction of rotation 32, and a plurality of planetary gears (22) associated with a drive structure (23), with direction of rotation 33, in a condition in which the vehicle's hydraulic pump is driven jointly by the electric motor and the internal combustion engine.

[022] Figure 5 illustrates the planetary gear set (20), defined by a ring gear (21), a sun gear (24), with direction of rotation 34, and a plurality of planetary gears (22) associated with a drive structure (23), with direction of rotation 33, in a condition in which the hydraulic pump is not being driven and the internal combustion engine drives the electric motor to act as a generator, charging the vehicle's batteries.

[023] Figure 6 illustrates the planetary gear set (20), defined by a ring gear (21), with direction of rotation 31, a sun gear (24), with direction of rotation 34, and a plurality of planetary gears (22) associated with a drive structure (23), with direction of rotation 33, in a condition in which the internal combustion engine simultaneously drives the vehicle's hydraulic pump and the electric motor to act as a generator, charging the vehicle's batteries. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY

[024] This is a series-parallel hybrid system for powering an off-road work vehicle. The technology also refers to an agricultural work vehicle. Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 21 / 42 7 / 19 comprising the said system and a method for controlling the series-parallel type hybrid system. The hybrid system comprises: at least one internal combustion engine (10), at least one electric motor (12), and at least one hydraulic pump (14), and a planetary gear set (20), defined by a ring gear (21), a sun gear (24) and a plurality of planetary gears (22) associated with a drive structure (23), wherein the planetary gear set (20) is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine (10) and the electric motor 12. The series-parallel type hybrid system is capable of operating exclusively from the internal combustion engine (10) or the electric motor (12), or even from both engines, or even using the internal combustion engine (10) for generating electrical energy by recharging batteries (13).

[025] In some embodiments, the present subject matter refers to a series-parallel hybrid system for driving a work vehicle. The series-parallel hybrid system for driving a work vehicle comprises a planetary gear set defined by: a ring gear; a sun gear; and a plurality of planetary gears that are associated with a drive structure, the series-parallel hybrid system for driving a work vehicle comprising: at least one internal combustion engine; at least one electric motor; and at least one hydraulic pump, wherein the planetary gear set is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine; and the electric motor.

[026] In some embodiments, the present subject matter refers to an agricultural work vehicle equipped with a series-parallel hybrid system as defined above, wherein the agricultural work vehicle comprises: at least one internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel tank; at least one electric motor powered by. Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 22 / 42 8 / 19 at least one battery; at least one hydraulic pump for driving vehicle implements; and a planetary gear set associated with at least one hydraulic pump, wherein the planetary gear set is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine; and the electric motor.

[027] In some embodiments, the present subject matter refers to a method of controlling the operation of a series-parallel hybrid system, as defined above, comprising at least one of the following steps: (I) Lock the sun gear and couple the internal combustion engine to the drive structure, imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure, on the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear, by means of the movement of the planetary gears, actuating the hydraulic pump; (II) Lock the drive structure and couple the electric motor to the sun gear, imposing a torque generated by the electric motor, in one direction of rotation of the sun gear, to the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear, by means of the movement of the planetary gears, driving the hydraulic pump; (III) To activate the hydraulic pump simultaneously by the action of the internal combustion engine and the electric motor, through the following sub-steps: • To couple the middle of the electric motor to the sun gear by applying a torque generated by the middle of the electric motor, in one direction of rotation of the sun gear, to the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear, by means of the movement of the planetary gears; and • To couple the internal combustion engine to the drive structure by applying a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, in one direction Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 23 / 42 9 / 19 of the drive structure's rotation, to the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear, by means of the movement of the planetary gears; (IV) Coupling the internal combustion engine to the drive structure by imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure, on the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear and, simultaneously, imposing a torque on the electric motor in one direction of rotation of the generator, for charging batteries, by means of the movement of the planetary gears; or (V) Locking the ring gear and coupling the internal combustion engine to the drive structure by imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure, driving the electric motor in one direction of rotation of the generator for charging batteries, by means of the movement of the planetary gears.

[028] These and other aspects, functions and disadvantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The attached drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of this descriptive report, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. EXAMPLE 1 - WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING TECHNOLOGY

[029] Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the invention, one or more examples thereof being illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, without limitation of the invention. Indeed, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, the functions illustrated or described as part of Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 24 / 4210 / 19 Some embodiments may be used with another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Thus, the present invention shall encompass such modifications and variations as they are presented in the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[030] In the present document, relational terms, such as first and second, superior and inferior, and the like, are used only to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily implying any actual relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “that comprises,” or any other variation thereof, shall encompass a non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a list of elements does not include only those elements, but includes other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element preceded by “comprises..."One" does not, without further restrictions, prohibit the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

[031] As used in this document, the term “and / or”, when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items may be used alone or any combination of two or more listed items may be used. For example, if a composition or set is described as containing components A, B and / or C, the composition or set may contain only A; only B; only C; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B and C in combination.

[032] In general, this article refers to a series-parallel hybrid system for powering a work vehicle, a vehicle equipped with this system and the method of operation of a series-parallel hybrid system, the series-parallel hybrid system for powering a work vehicle. Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 25 / 42 11 / 19 work comprises a planetary gear set defined by: a ring gear; a sun gear; and a plurality of planetary gears that are associated with a drive structure, the series-parallel hybrid system for driving a work vehicle comprising: at least one internal combustion engine; at least one electric motor; and at least one hydraulic pump, wherein the planetary gear set is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine; and the electric motor.

[033] In one embodiment, the hydraulic pump is coupled to the ring gear, the internal combustion engine is coupled to the drive frame and the electric motor is coupled to the sun gear.

[034] In one embodiment, in the condition where the hydraulic pump is coupled to the ring gear and the internal combustion engine is coupled to the drive structure, the hydraulic pump is driven by the internal combustion engine.

[035] In one embodiment, in the condition where the switched-off electric motor is coupled to the solar gear, the internal combustion engine also charges batteries connected to the electric motor by means of the rotation of the electric motor shaft.

[036] In one embodiment, in the condition where the hydraulic pump is coupled to the ring gear and the connected electric motor is coupled to the sun gear, the hydraulic pump is driven by the electric motor.

[037] In one embodiment, in the condition where the hydraulic pump is coupled to the ring gear, the internal combustion engine is coupled to the drive structure and the connected electric motor is coupled to the sun gear, the hydraulic pump is driven jointly by the internal combustion engine and the electric motor.

[038] In one embodiment, under the condition in which the internal combustion engine is coupled to the drive structure and the electric motor is switched off, Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 26 / 42 In the 12 / 19 configuration coupled to the solar gear, the internal combustion engine charges batteries connected to the electric motor by means of the rotation of the electric motor shaft.

[039] In some embodiments, the present subject matter refers to an agricultural work vehicle equipped with a series-parallel hybrid system as defined above, wherein the agricultural work vehicle comprises: at least one internal combustion engine powered by at least one fuel tank; at least one electric motor powered by at least one battery; at least one hydraulic pump for driving vehicle implements; and a planetary gear set associated with at least one hydraulic pump, wherein the planetary gear set is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine; and the electric motor.

[040] In some embodiments, the present subject matter refers to a method of controlling the operation of a series-parallel hybrid system, as defined above, comprising at least one of the following steps: (I) Lock the sun gear and couple the internal combustion engine to the drive structure, imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure, on the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear, by means of the movement of the planetary gears, actuating the hydraulic pump; (II) Lock the drive structure and couple the electric motor to the sun gear, imposing a torque generated by the electric motor, in one direction of rotation of the sun gear, to the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear, by means of the movement of the planetary gears, driving the hydraulic pump; (III) To actuate the hydraulic pump simultaneously by the action of the internal combustion engine and the electric motor, through the sub-stages Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 27 / 42 13 / 19 of: • To couple the middle of the electric motor to the sun gear by applying a torque generated by the middle of the electric motor, in one direction of rotation of the sun gear, to the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear, by means of the movement of the planetary gears; and • To couple the internal combustion engine to the drive structure by applying a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure, to the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear, by means of the movement of the planetary gears; (IV) Coupling the internal combustion engine to the drive structure by imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure, on the ring gear in one direction of rotation of the ring gear and, simultaneously, imposing a torque on the electric motor in one direction of rotation of the generator, for charging batteries, by means of the movement of the planetary gears; or (V) Locking the ring gear and coupling the internal combustion engine to the drive structure by imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure, driving the electric motor in one direction of rotation of the generator for charging batteries, by means of the movement of the planetary gears.

[041] Referring now to Figure 1, a series-parallel hybrid system for driving a work vehicle (not shown) is schematically represented, which may be for any purpose such as construction machinery (tractors, excavators, backhoes, among others) or any other type of vehicle for Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 28 / 42 14 / 19 use in off-road terrain, especially agricultural implements such as tractors, planters, harvesters, among others.

[042] The aforementioned series-parallel hybrid system (Figure 1) for driving a work vehicle comprises a set of planetary gears 20 coupled to: at least one internal combustion engine 10, which is powered by at least one fuel tank 11; and at least one electric motor 12 powered by at least one battery 13.

[043] The series-parallel hybrid system also comprises at least one hydraulic pump 14 for driving vehicle implements, which is coupled to the planetary gear assembly 20. The hydraulic pump 14 is responsible for supplying all the vehicle's hydraulic systems, such as actuating actuators for moving arms, or at least being responsible for supplying rotary actuators (not shown) responsible for moving the vehicle's wheels, and is therefore responsible for the vehicle's propulsion.

[044] Thus, the hydraulic pump 14 of the series-parallel hybrid system for driving a work vehicle is driven by the planetary gear assembly 20 which, in turn, is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine 10; and the electric motor 12.Thus, the hybrid system has the possibility of hybrid operation in series or parallel mode (series-parallel), relying on the propulsion energy source from an internal combustion engine and / or an electric motor, as will be detailed further below.

[045] As illustrated in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the planetary gear set 20 is defined by an annular gear 21, a sun gear 24 and a plurality of planetary gears 22, wherein the annular gear 21 consists of a substantially annular body having gear teeth on its Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 29 / 42 15 / 19 inner surface, with which the teeth of the planetary gears 22 mesh and move freely. The planetary gears 22 also have their teeth meshing with the teeth of the sun gear 24, so that the planetary gears 22 are able to rotate freely around the sun gear 24.

[046] Furthermore, the planetary gears 22 are mounted on shafts arranged in a drive structure 23, which consists of a body capable of being coupled to one of the motors, either the internal combustion engine 10 or the electric motor 12, so that one of the motors is coupled to the drive structure 23 and the other is coupled to the sun gear 2, depending on the construction preferences imposed by the design, the possibility of these variations being an obvious possibility for a person skilled in the art, without affecting the essential functioning of the present invention.

[047] In one embodiment of the invention, the drive structure 23 is associated with the internal combustion engine 10 and the sun gear 24 is associated with the electric motor 12 and, furthermore, the hydraulic pump 14 is coupled to the ring gear 21.

[048] Thus, the series-parallel hybrid system for driving a work vehicle of the present invention comprises coupling means (not shown) for coupling and uncoupling the internal combustion engine 10 and the drive structure 23, as well as coupling and uncoupling the electric motor 12 with the solar gear 24, enabling the alternation of the motor energy source that moves the vehicle, or even enabling the regeneration operation of the batteries 13, as will be detailed later from the detailing of the possible operating conditions of the series-parallel hybrid system of the present invention.

[049] Starting from the condition in which the hydraulic pump 14 is coupled to Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 30 / 42 16 / 19 ring gear 21 and the electric motor 12 is coupled to the sun gear 24, with the electric motor 12 on (i.e., energized to rotate), the hydraulic pump 14 is driven by the electric motor 12 and, consequently, the energy generated for movement and operation of the vehicle comes from the electrical energy of the batteries 13 that drive the electric motor 12 (Figure 2).

[050] In another condition, where the hydraulic pump 14 is coupled to the ring gear 21 and the internal combustion engine 10 is coupled to the drive structure 23, the drive of the internal combustion engine 10 results in the drive of the hydraulic pump 14 and, consequently, the energy generating the movement and operation of the vehicle is obtained from the energy generated by the explosion of fuel in the chambers of the internal combustion engine 10 (Figure 3).

[051] In another condition, it is also possible that the hydraulic pump 14 is coupled to the ring gear 21, the internal combustion engine 10 is coupled to the drive structure 23 and the electric motor 12 (connected “energized”) is coupled to the sun gear 24. In this scenario, the hydraulic pump 14 is driven simultaneously by the action of the electric motor 12 and the internal combustion engine 10, that is, the drive is driven both by the energy generated by the fuel explosion in the chambers of the internal combustion engine, and also by the electrical energy stored in the batteries 13, making it possible to obtain greater torque and / or speed, or at least a lower consumption of fuel from the reservoir 11 or of electrical energy stored in the batteries 13 (Figure 4).

[052] Still in the condition where both the internal combustion engine 10 is coupled to the drive structure 23 and the electric motor 12 is coupled to the sun gear 24, in the scenario where the electric motor 12 is switched off (i.e., it is de-energized, without the imposition of torque of Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, pp. 31 / 42 17 / 19 rotation), if the hydraulic pump 14 is coupled to the ring gear 21, the action of the internal combustion engine 10 performs both the actuation of the hydraulic pump 14, and consequent movement of the vehicle and / or actuation of hydraulic accessories, as well as implying a torque on the electric motor 12, which then acts as an electricity generator, powering the batteries 13 (Figure 6).

[053] On the other hand, if the hydraulic pump 14 is not coupled to the ring gear 21, the drive of the combustion engine 10 acts exclusively for the rotation of the electric motor 12, acting as an electricity generator, and powering the batteries 13, while the vehicle is parked and / or not using any of the onboard hydraulic systems (Figure 5).

[054] Thus, the present invention also relates to an agricultural work vehicle equipped with a series-parallel hybrid system as defined above, and comprising at least one internal combustion engine 10 that is powered by at least one fuel tank 11, at least one electric motor 12 that is powered by at least one battery 13, and at least one hydraulic pump 14 for driving vehicle implements.

[055] Therefore, based on what has been detailed above, the invention also relates to a method of controlling the operation of a series-parallel hybrid system, comprising at least one of the following steps: (I) Lock the sun gear 24 and couple the internal combustion engine 10 to the drive structure 23, imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine 10, in a direction of rotation of the drive structure 33, to the ring gear 21 in a direction of rotation of the ring gear 31, by means of the movement of the planetary gears 22, actuating the hydraulic pump 14, resulting in the operation of the system / vehicle occurring exclusively by means of the action of the engine a Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, pages 32 / 42 18 / 19 internal combustion 10 (Figure 3); (II) Lock the drive structure 23 and couple the electric motor 12 to the sun gear 24, imposing a torque generated by the electric motor 12, in a direction of rotation of the sun gear 32, to the ring gear 21 in a direction of rotation of the ring gear 31, by means of the movement of the planetary gears 22, actuating the hydraulic pump 14, resulting in the operation of the system / vehicle occurring exclusively by means of the action of the electric motor 12 (Figure 2); (III) Activate the hydraulic pump 14 simultaneously by the action of the internal combustion engine 10 and the electric motor 12, resulting in the system / vehicle operating in a combined manner between the action of the internal combustion engine 10 and the electric motor 12 (Figure 4), through the following sub-steps: • Coupling the middle of the electric motor 12 to the sun gear 24 by applying a torque generated by the middle of the electric motor 12, in one direction of rotation of the sun gear 32, to the ring gear 21 in one direction of rotation of the ring gear 31, by means of the movement of the planetary gears 22; and • Coupling the internal combustion engine 10 to the drive structure 23 by applying a torque generated by the internal combustion engine 10, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure 33, to the ring gear 21 in one direction of rotation of the ring gear 31, by means of the movement of the planetary gears 22; (IV) Coupling the internal combustion engine 10 to the drive structure 23 by applying a torque generated by the internal combustion engine 10, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure 33, to the ring gear 21 in one direction of rotation of the ring gear 31 and, simultaneously, applying a torque to the electric motor 12 in one direction Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, pp. 33 / 42 19 / 19 rotation of generator 34, for charging batteries 13, by means of the movement of planetary gears 22, resulting in the operation of the system / vehicle occurring exclusively by means of the action of the internal combustion engine 10, simultaneously carrying out the charging of batteries 13 (Figure 6); or (V) Lock the ring gear 21 and couple the internal combustion engine 10 to the drive structure 23 imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine 10, in one direction of rotation of the drive structure 33, activating the electric motor 12 in one direction of rotation of generator 34 for charging batteries 13, by means of the movement of planetary gears 22, resulting in the charging of batteries 13, while the vehicle is parked and / or is not using any hydraulic system (Figure 5).

[056] This written description uses examples to describe the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable anyone skilled in the art to practice the invention, including producing and using any devices or systems and performing any methods incorporated therein. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be covered by the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with non-substantial differences from the literal language of the claims. Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, pp. 34 / 42

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEM FOR DRIVING A WORK VEHICLE, characterized by comprising at least one internal combustion engine (10), at least one electric motor (12), and at least one hydraulic pump (14), and a planetary gear set (20), defined by a ring gear (21), a sun gear (24) and a plurality of planetary gears (22) associated with a drive structure (23), wherein the planetary gear set (20) is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine (10) and the electric motor 12, such that the series-parallel type hybrid system is capable of operating exclusively from the internal combustion engine (10) or the electric motor (12), or even from both engines, or even using the internal combustion engine (10) for generating electrical energy by recharging batteries (13).

2. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (14) is coupled to the ring gear (21), the internal combustion engine (10) is coupled to the drive structure (23) and the electric motor (12) is coupled to the sun gear (24).

3. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that, under the condition in which the hydraulic pump (14) is coupled to the ring gear (21) and the internal combustion engine (10) is coupled to the drive structure (23), the hydraulic pump (14) is driven by the internal combustion engine (10).

4. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the condition where the electric motor (12) is switched off and coupled to the sun gear (24), the internal combustion engine Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 35 / 42 2 / 4 (10) also charges batteries (13) connected to the electric motor (12) by means of the rotation of the electric motor shaft (12).

5. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that, under the condition in which the hydraulic pump (14) is coupled to the ring gear (21) and the connected electric motor (12) is coupled to the sun gear (24), the hydraulic pump (14) is driven by the electric motor (12).

6. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the condition where the hydraulic pump (14) is coupled to the ring gear (21), the internal combustion engine (10) is coupled to the drive structure (23) and the connected electric motor (12) is coupled to the sun gear (24), the hydraulic pump (14) is driven jointly by the internal combustion engine (10) and the electric motor (12).

7. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that, under the condition in which the internal combustion engine (10) is coupled to the drive structure (23) and the switched-off electric motor (12) is coupled to the sun gear (24), the internal combustion engine (10) charges batteries (13) connected to the electric motor (12) by means of the rotation of the electric motor shaft (12).

8. AGRICULTURAL WORK VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH THE SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEM defined in any of claims 1 to 7, the agricultural work vehicle being characterized in that it comprises: at least one internal combustion engine (10) powered by at least one fuel tank (11), at least one electric motor (12) powered by at least one battery (13), at least one hydraulic pump (14) for driving vehicle implements, and a planetary gear set (20) associated with at least one hydraulic pump (14), wherein the planetary gear set (20) is driven by at least one of: the internal combustion engine (10), and the electric motor (12).

9. METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF THE SERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID SYSTEM defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following steps: (I) Locking the sun gear (24) and coupling the internal combustion engine (10) to the drive structure (23), imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine (10), in a direction of rotation of the drive structure (33), to the ring gear (21) in a direction of rotation of the ring gear (31), by means of the movement of the planetary gears (22), actuating the hydraulic pump (14); (II) Lock the drive structure (23) and couple the electric motor (12) to the sun gear (24), imposing a torque generated by the electric motor (12) in a direction of rotation of the sun gear (32), to the ring gear (21) in a direction of rotation of the ring gear (31), by means of the movement of the planetary gears (22), actuating the hydraulic pump (14);(III) Actuating the hydraulic pump (14) simultaneously by the action of the internal combustion engine (10) and the electric motor (12), by means of the following sub-steps: • Coupling the middle of the electric motor (12) to the sun gear (24) by imposing a torque generated by the middle of the electric motor (12), in a direction of rotation of the sun gear (32), to the ring gear (21) in Petition 870250013697, dated 19 / 02 / 2025, page 37 / 42 4 / 4 a direction of rotation of the ring gear (31), by means of the movement of the planetary gears (22); and • Coupling the internal combustion engine (10) to the drive structure (23) by imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine (10), in a direction of rotation of the drive structure (33), to the ring gear (21) in a direction of rotation of the ring gear (31), by means of the movement of the planetary gears (22);(IV) Coupling the internal combustion engine (10) to the drive structure (23) by imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine (10), in one direction of rotation of the drive structure (33), to the ring gear (21) in one direction of rotation of the ring gear (31) and, simultaneously, imposing a torque on the electric motor (12) in one direction of rotation of the generator (34), for charging batteries (13), by means of the movement of the planetary gears (22); or (V) Locking the ring gear (21) and coupling the internal combustion engine (10) to the drive structure (23) by imposing a torque generated by the internal combustion engine (10), in one direction of rotation of the drive structure (33), driving the electric motor (12) in one direction of rotation of the generator (34) for charging batteries (13), by means of the movement of the planetary gears (22). Petition 870250013697, dated 02 / 19 / 2025, pp. 38 / 42;

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