Composites of polymeric fibers comprising organic metallic structures and their use

Description

- 1 / 17 Polymeric Fiber Composites Comprising Organic Metal Structures and Uses Thereof SCOPE OF THE INVENTION

[001] This disclosure refers in general to polymeric fibers comprising organic metallic structures and their use, e.g., in CO2 capture. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] Currently, reducing CO2 emissions from the atmosphere to achieve carbon neutrality is one of the main global objectives in the short (2030) and long term (2050). The high concentrations of CO2 detected in the atmosphere in recent years have been identified as the main cause of the increase in the greenhouse effect and climate change, with the occurrence of more extreme phenomena worldwide. Despite the technological efforts made over the years in terms of CO2 capture processes, finding more efficient and environmentally friendly technologies remains a challenge.

[003] In public or commercial buildings, the presence of active internal ventilation systems represents a problem in terms of energy efficiency and air quality. In the market, technologies focus essentially on the elimination of particles (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) circulating in the air, with a scarcity of technologies in terms of treating CO2 naturally present in indoor environments.

[004] The development of technologies involving carbon capture and storage (CCS) has emerged as an alternative to reforestation, because in addition to reducing CO2 emissions, it is possible to reuse the CO2 molecule, allowing its direct recovery.

[005] The adsorption method has been widely used as a CCS technology for CO2 capture due to its low energy consumption, ease of implementation, versatile design, and low operating cost. The adsorbent material used can be regenerated through a desorption process and, consequently, reused. Thus, there is a need to develop new materials, particularly adsorbent materials, to achieve high adsorption efficiencies without high costs. Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 7 / 57 - 2 / 17

[006] US patent 10744485B2 discloses porous carbon materials derived from MOFs (Metal-Organic Framework MOFs) for carbon dioxide capture, including more specifically a method for their preparation and porous carbon materials for adsorbing CO2.

[007] Patent CN112691645AU discloses a carbon aerogel / organic metal structure composite material, a method for its preparation and its application in gas storage. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[008] This disclosure presents a composite comprising polymeric fibers comprising a matrix, in which 10% to 30% by weight (w / w) of said matrix comprises incorporated particles, with a Metal Organic Framework (MOF), wherein the MOF is Cu-MOF-74, NH2-MIL-101, Co-MOF-74, or HKUST-1. In a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, the MOF is HKUST-1, and said composite has a surface area of ​​400 to 600 m2g-1, the surface area being calculated according to the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method.

[009] The MOF HKUST-1 has a crystalline structure, proven by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), in which the crystalline structure exhibits an organized chemical structure and more accessible pores for capturing gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2).

[010] MOF particles comprise aggregates of materials with an organic metal structure (MOF), ranging from the nanometer to the micrometer scale, and retain the properties of the MOF material, such as a porous structure and a high surface area. Furthermore, the MOF particles are uniformly distributed in the polymer fiber matrix, which, in turn, allows the composite material to have a uniform porous structure.

[011] In an advantageous aspect of the present disclosure, the uniform porous structure and high surface area of ​​the composite allow the composite material to have a high adsorption performance to successfully capture gases such as CO2.

[012] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and / or scientific terms used in this document have the same meaning normally understood by specialists in the art to which the disclosure refers. Although methods and materials may be used Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 8 / 57 - 3 / 17 similar or equivalent to those described in this document, in practice or in tests of forms of disclosure, exemplary methods and / or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, shall prevail. Furthermore, the materials, methods and examples are merely illustrative and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.

[013] Other embodiments and the full scope of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description set forth below. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the disclosure, are provided for illustrative purposes only, as various alterations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[014] Some methods of carrying out the disclosure are described in this document, by way of example only, with reference to the attached drawings. Specifically, with regard to the detailed drawings, it should be noted that the details presented are by way of example and for the purpose of illustrating the methods of carrying out the disclosure. Thus, the description made with the drawings makes it clear to those skilled in the art how the methods of carrying out the disclosure can be put into practice.

[015] Figure 1 is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the MOF HKUST-1 (top) and PAN@HKUST-1 (bottom) fibers;

[016] Figure 2 is a graph showing the adsorption (black circles) and desorption (white circles) isotherms of nitrogen measured at -196 °C for PAN@HKUST-1 and HKUST-1 MOF fibers;

[017] Figure 3 is a graph that presents the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data of the PAN@HKUST-1 and HKUST-1 MOF fibers;

[018] Figure 4 is a graph that presents infrared spectroscopy data from the PAN@HKUST-1 and HKUST-1 MOF fibers;

[019] Figures 5A-B are SEM images of the HKUST-1 MOF (Figure 5A) and PAN@HKUST-1 (Figure 5B) fibers; Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 9 / 57 - 4 / 17

[020] Figure 6 is a graph showing the CO2 adsorption efficiency (%) of the HKUST-1 MOF fiber as a function of time, obtained in the adsorption test. The experiment was carried out in a column adsorption unit, at room temperature (~ 21°C) and atmospheric pressure ([CO2] ~ 1000 ppm);

[021] Figure 7 is a graph showing the CO2 adsorption efficiency (%) by PAN@HKUST-1 fibers as a function of time, obtained in the adsorption test. The experiment was carried out in a column adsorption unit, at room temperature (~ 21°C) and atmospheric pressure ([CO2] ~ 1000 ppm). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[022] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure presents a composite comprising polymeric fibers comprising a matrix, wherein the matrix comprises particles, with a Metal Organic Framework (MOF) embedded in the matrix.

[023] According to the present disclosure, MOF particles are incorporated into the polymer fibers, around the fibers, as well as inside them.

[024] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure presents a composite comprising polymeric fibers comprising a matrix, wherein 10% to 30% by weight (w / w) of the matrix comprises particles with a Metal Organic Framework (MOF) incorporated into the matrix. In some embodiments, the MOF is Cu-MOF-74, NH2-MIL-101, Co-MOF-74, or HKUST-1.

[025] In some embodiments, the MOF is HKUST-1. The present disclosure is based, in part, on the discovery that the HKUST-1 MOF has a crystalline structure, as confirmed by PXRD. The HKUST-1 MOF with the crystalline structure described here has an organized chemical structure and more accessible pores for gas capture (such as CO2).

[026] As used in this document, “MOF particles” refers to discrete units or aggregates of organic metallic structural materials with dimensions ranging from a nanometer to a micrometer scale, which retain the characteristics of MOF material, such as porous structure and high surface area of ​​MOFs. In a relevant aspect of this disclosure, the fact that the quantity of MOF particles is defined between 10% and 30% (w / w) allows the matrix to be prepared by electrospinning, in Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 10 / 57 - 5 / 17 that the polymer fiber blend maintains the viscosity and conductivity conditions that allow the polymer fiber blend to be spun. Furthermore, increasing the amount of MOF particles above 30% (w / w) would compromise the viscosity and conductivity of the blend, which would prevent proper preparation of the die by electrospinning. Preferably, the die consists of 25% (w / w) MOF particles.

[027] In some embodiments, the MOF particles have a particle size of 100 to 200 μm. In some embodiments, the MOF particles are uniformly distributed in the polymer fiber matrix. This disclosure is based, in part, on the discovery that a polymer fiber comprising a matrix, as described in this document, comprises a porous structure with a uniform pore distribution. This results in a composite material with a uniform structure. According to this disclosure, a composite, as described in this document, has a BET surface area of ​​400 to 600 m2g-1. This disclosure is based, in part, on the discovery that a composite material, as described in this document, with a BET surface area of ​​400 to 600 m2g-1, exhibits superior adsorption performance.

[028] As used in this document, the term “polymer,” according to the present embodiment, refers to a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, known as monomers, covalently linked to form a long chain or network-like structure. The term “polymer” includes natural polymers and synthetic polymers. Polymer fibers are long, yarn-like structures made of synthetic or natural polymers that are spun or extruded into filaments with high aspect ratios (length-to-diameter ratios).

[029] In some embodiments, a polymer according to the present disclosure includes any polymer with an affinity for carbon dioxide (CO2) and CO2 absorption capability. As used in this document, the term “CO2-affinity polymer” refers to any polymeric material that exhibits affinity or interaction with carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules. These polymers comprise polymers capable of selectively capturing or adsorbing CO2 from gaseous mixtures.

[030] Non-limiting examples of suitable polymers according to this disclosure include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 11 / 57 - 6 / 17 polyethyleneimine (PIE), polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PE), polylactic acid (APL), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylamide (PAA), polyethylene oxide (OPE), or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer comprises PAN. In some embodiments, the polymer consists of PAN.

[031] In some embodiments, a composite, as described in this document, serves to capture a gas, filter a gas, store a gas, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the gas comprises CO2, N2, methane, hydrogen, VOCs, NOx, water vapor, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the gas is a gaseous mixture comprising CO2.

[032] In some embodiments, a composite, as described in this document, serves to selectively capture a gas, filter a gas, store a gas, or a combination thereof from a mixture of gases. In some embodiments, the gas is CO2.

[033] In some embodiments, the composite has a gas adsorption capacity of at least 15%. In some embodiments, the composite has a gas adsorption capacity of at least 40%. In some embodiments, the composite has a gas adsorption capacity of at least 50%. This disclosure is based, in part, on the observation that the gas adsorption capacity of a composite, as described herein, is maximized in an environment with controlled temperature (20 - 30 °C), controlled humidity (20 - 40%), or both.

[034] In some embodiments, the composite exhibits a thermal stability of 200 to 400 °C. The present disclosure is based, in part, on the discovery that a composite material, as described in this document, with a thermal stability of 200 to 400 °C, is thermally stable, maintaining its physical and chemical properties during an adsorption process.

[035] In some embodiments, the composite has a pore size of 0.8 to 2 nm. The present disclosure is based, in part, on the discovery that a microporous composite material, as described in this document, with a pore size of 0.8 to 2 nm, is selective for the adsorption of specific molecules. In some embodiments, the composite material with a pore size of 0.8 to 2 nm exhibits selectivity for CO2 molecules (with a size of about 0.33 nm). Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 12 / 57 - 7 / 17

[036] This disclosure is based, in part, on the finding that a composite material, as described in this document, with a pore size of 0.8 to 2 nm, exhibits superior (increased) selectivity compared to a similar composite with larger pore sizes.

[037] In some embodiments, the composite has a pore volume of 0.1 to 0.3 cm3g-1.

[038] In some embodiments, MOF is HKUST-1 with a surface area (BET) of 1300 to 1600 m2g-1, pore volume of 0.4 to 0.8 cm3g-1, pore size of 0.5 to 0.7 nm or any combination thereof.

[039] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure presents a filter comprising a composite, as described above.

[040] In some embodiments, the filter comprises a composite as described above and a material selected from: activated carbon, ammonia-treated activated carbon, a zeolite, a polymer, silica gel, an ionic liquid or any combination thereof.

[041] According to this disclosure, the filter is incorporated into a structure, such as a metal frame or any other suitable rigid filter structure. According to the present disclosure, the choice of material for the structure varies according to the intended application. Suitable materials include metal (such as aluminum, stainless steel, or galvanized steel), plastic (PVC, PET, PP), or other rigid materials. In some embodiments, the filter structure is a metal frame. In an advantageous aspect of the present disclosure, the metal filter structure allows for the proper retention of the polymeric fibers contained in the filter, to prevent the displacement of these polymeric fibers under conditions of high airflow passing through the filter.

[042] In some embodiments, the structure comprises at least 2, at least 5, or at least 6 grid layers, including any number in between. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the layers are stacked layers. In some embodiments, the composite is placed between at least 2 grid layers. In some embodiments, the composite is placed between every 2 grid layers. In an advantageous aspect of the present invention, the number of grid layers and the order of Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 13 / 57 - The 8 / 17 stacking of the grid and composite material layers allows for adjustment of the filter's overall absorption capacity.

[043] In some embodiments, the filter has a length of 20 cm to 80 cm, a width of 20 cm to 80 cm, and a thickness of 1 cm to 4 cm. According to the present disclosure, a filter such as that described herein is suitable for direct incorporation into systems. A system, according to the present disclosure, refers to any system that is a source of gas emissions. These systems are well known in the art and will become apparent to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, the gas comprises CO2. In some embodiments, the system is a ventilation system. Non-limiting examples of ventilation systems, according to the present disclosure, include: natural ventilation systems, exhaust ventilation, supply ventilation, heat recovery fans, and energy recovery fans.

[044] Ventilation systems according to this disclosure include ventilation systems used in buildings, vehicles (such as cars, buses, trains, airplanes and ships), underground and enclosed spaces (such as mines, tunnels and underground garages, storage facilities, warehouses and industrial facilities), greenhouses and agricultural environments (such as livestock barns and poultry houses), industrial facilities (factories, refineries, chemical processing plants and warehouses), mining operations, specialized environments (such as laboratories, clean rooms, hospitals and data centers).

[045] According to some embodiments, this disclosure presents a system comprising a filter as described above. In some embodiments, the system is a ventilation system.

[046] In some embodiments, the system further comprises at least one sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor is a gas detection sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor is a CO2 detection sensor.

[047] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure presents a method for obtaining a composite as described in this document, a method comprising: a) placing 10% to 30% (w / w) of a MOF in contact with an organic solvent, thus forming a suspension; b) adding 5% to 20% (w / w) of a polymer to the suspension, thus forming a mixture; and c) electrospinning the mixture. In an advantageous aspect of the present disclosure, the fibers of the spun composite are deposited in a Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 14 / 57 - 9 / 17 surface forming a fluffy, cotton-like texture that allows the passage of air or other gases. The fibers of the spun composite can then be collected and applied to a filter, as described previously.

[048] In some embodiments, the solvent comprises ethanol, DMF, or both. In some embodiments, the solvent is DMF. In some embodiments, the polymer is PAN.

[049] This disclosure is based, in part, on the finding that the amount of MOF and PAN disclosed herein results in a mixture with the desired properties for obtaining a suspension that can be used in electrospinning. This disclosure is based, in part, on the finding that the use of a larger amount of MOF, PAN or both does not allow the formation of a suspension that can be used in electrospinning.

[050] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure presents the use of the composite, as described above, in gas adsorption, gas separation, gas storage, catalysis, detection, filtration, drug delivery, controlled drug release, energy storage, environmental remediation, sensors, hydrogen energy or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the gas is as described above. In some embodiments, the gas comprises CO2. In some embodiments, the gas consists of CO2.

[051] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure presents the use of the filter, as described above, for gas adsorption, gas separation, gas storage, catalysis, detection, filtration, drug delivery, controlled drug release, energy storage, environmental remediation, sensors, hydrogen energy or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the gas is as described above. In some embodiments, the gas comprises CO2. In some embodiments, the gas consists of CO2.

[052] As used in this document, the term “approximately” refers to ± 10%.

[053] The terms “compreende”, “compreendendo”, “inclui”, “incluindo”, “tendo” and their conjugates mean “including, but not limited to”.

[054] The word “exemplary” is used in this document to mean “to serve as an example, exemplification or illustration”. Any embodiment described as “exemplary” should not necessarily be interpreted as preferred or advantageous in Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 15 / 57 - 10 / 17 in relation to other forms of realization and / or to exclude the incorporation of characteristics of other forms of realization.

[055] As used in this document, the singular forms a, an and the include plural references, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the term a compound or at least one compound may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.

[056] Throughout this application, various ways of carrying out this disclosure may be presented in the form of ranges. It should be understood that the description made in the form of ranges is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be interpreted as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the disclosure. Consequently, the description of a range should be considered as having specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges, as well as individual numerical values ​​within that range. For example, the description of a range, such as 1 to 6, should be considered as having specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 3 to 6, etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the range width.

[057] Whenever a numerical range is indicated in this document, it must include any cited numeral (fractional or integer) within the indicated range. The expressions “ranging between” a first indicative number and a second indicative number and “ranging from” a first indicative number “to” a second indicative number are used interchangeably in this document and must include the first and second indicated numbers and all fractional and integer numerals between them.

[058] As used in this document, the term method refers to forms, means, techniques and procedures for carrying out a given task, including, but not limited to, those forms, means, techniques and procedures known or readily developed from forms, means, techniques and procedures known to practitioners of the chemical, pharmacological, biological, biochemical and medical arts.

[059] It is understood that certain features of disclosure, which are, for greater clarity, described in the context of distinct forms of embodiment, may also be presented in combination in a single form of embodiment. On the other hand, several features of disclosure, which are, for greater brevity, described in the context of a single form of embodiment, may also be presented separately or in any Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 16 / 57 - 11 / 17 appropriate subcombination or as appropriate in any other described embodiment of the disclosure.

[060] Various embodiments and aspects of the present disclosure, as outlined above and claimed in the claims section below, find experimental support in the following examples. EXAMPLES

[061] Next, reference is made to the following examples, which, together with the previous descriptions, illustrate some ways of carrying out the disclosure in a non-limiting way. Materials and methods Synthesis of the MOF HKUST-1

[062] The synthesis of the MOF HKUST-1, cited in the literature, was explored due to its high surface area (1326 m2g-1), as well as the considerable selectivity for the CO2 molecule. Computational evidence demonstrated that the presence of unsaturated copper atoms in the MOF structure provides additional binding points for CO2 molecules, with high selectivity for their passage through the pores.

[063] Thus, the synthesis of this material was efficiently achieved by forming a suspension of copper nitrate trihydrate (72.4 mmol) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (39.97 mmol) in ethanol (500 mL). The mixture was ultrasonically stirred until a homogeneous blue suspension was obtained and then placed under magnetic stirring at 300 rpm and refluxed for 24 hours at 100 °C. Subsequently, the resulting light blue solid was collected by filtration and washed with distilled water and ethanol. Finally, the MOF HKUST1 (5 g) was dried in a vacuum oven at 100 °C.

[064] The synthesis of MOF HKUST-1 was also successfully achieved in an amount greater than 10 g. Synthesis of PAN@HKUST-1 fibers

[065] The electrospinning polymer mixture was prepared following these steps: (1) 3.7 g of MOF HKUST-1 was dispersed in 10 mL of DMF; (2) 1.7 g of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was added to the previous dispersion and the mixture was heated to 60 °C for 4 h. Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 17 / 57 - 12 / 17

[066] The prepared polymer suspension was transferred to a 20 mL syringe and attached to a metal needle (d = 1.5 mm), which was incorporated into the NanoNC ESR200R2 electrospinning system. The electrospinning system was set up vertically and an electrical charge of 21 kV was applied, with a flow rate of 2 mL h-1. At a distance of 20 cm, a 400 mm flat collector, made of steel and coated with aluminum foil, was placed to collect the PAN@HKUST-1 fibers. The PAN@HKUST-1 fibers were dried in a vacuum oven at 100 °C for 12 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD)

[067] The crystalline phase of the prepared material was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (PAN Analytic in operating mode at 45Kv and 40mA). Thermogravimetric analysis

[068] To determine the amount of organic and inorganic matter present in the prepared MOF, a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA / DSC 1 STARe Mettler Toledo) was performed (Figure 3). The sample was heated to 900 °C under a continuous flow of argon (70 mL min-1) at a heating rate of 15 °C min-1. The sample was then maintained at 900 °C for 7 min under an argon flow of 70 mL min-1; and for a further 13 min under an air flow of 70 mL min-1. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at -196°C

[069] Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at -196 °C were performed using the Quantachrome Autosorb IQ2 automated analyzer. Before analysis, samples were degassed by heating at 120 °C (heating rate: 5 °C min⁻¹, analysis time: 720 min). The surface area of ​​the material was calculated using the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method. The pore size distribution was evaluated using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. Infrared spectroscopy

[070] Infrared spectra were recorded on a Bruker VERTEX 80v FT-IR spectrometer in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode. Infrared (IR) data were corrected for background and reported as adsorption frequency (cm-1). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

[071] The morphology of the material was evaluated using a Quanta 650 field emission scanning electron microscope, operating at 5 kV and incorporating a Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 18 / 57 - 13 / 17 Everhardt Thornley secondary electron detector, with a working distance of approximately 10 mm. Samples were prepared by direct adhesion to a double-sided conductive copper tape fixed to the SEM holder pin. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

[072] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were performed under high vacuum conditions using a Thermo Fisher Scientific ESCALAB250Xi instrument. Spectra were acquired with a hemispherical analyzer and a monochromatic X-ray source (Al Ka ​​radiation, hv = 1486.6 eV) operated at 15 keV and 200 W. Spectral peaks were fitted using Thermo Avantage Data Processing software. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES)

[073] Copper content was determined by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ICP-OES), performed on a Shimadzu ICPE-9000 multi-type ICP emission spectrometer equipped with a nebulization system, and using optical emission spectroscopy for detection. Samples were digested by dispersing HKUST-1 or PAN@HKUST-1 MOF fibers in aqua regia at 140 °C for 12 h for complete sample decomposition. EXAMPLE 1 MOF HKUST-1 Synthesis

[074] The MOF HKUST-1 was synthesized as a powder, following a simple and effective sol-gel method.

[075] The crystallinity of the synthesized MOF HKUST-1 was demonstrated by XRD, through the appearance of a crystallographic pattern with characteristic diffraction peaks at 2Θ = 9.5, 11.6, 13.4, 19, 25.9 and 29.4°, which correspond to the (220), (222), (400), (120), (220) and (240) planes of the crystal structure of MOF HKUST-1.

[076] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) assay was performed, revealing the presence of three main peaks at 285 eV, 532 eV and 955 eV, indicating respectively the presence of carbon (C), oxygen (O) and copper (Cu) in the HKUST-1 MOF structure. Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 19 / 57 - 14 / 17

[077] Nitrogen sorption measurements at -196 °C showed the presence of a type I isotherm, typical of microporous materials. A surface area value of 1576 m2g-1 was calculated using the BET method.

[078] A total pore volume of approximately 0.69 cm3g-1 was calculated with a P / P0 ratio of 0.95, and a micropore volume of approximately 0.55 cm3 gi was determined by the t-method.

[079] A pore size distribution on the order of 0.5 and 0.7 nm was determined by the DFT method.

[080] The MOF HKUST-1 exhibits high thermal stability, as demonstrated by TGA analysis, with a metallic copper content of approximately 34%.

[081] Infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of typical high-intensity bands at 3390, 1649, 1375, 729, and 490 cm⁻¹. The peak at 3390 cm⁻¹ corresponds to the hydroxyl (-OH) groups of wastewater that coordinate with the metallic copper of the MOF HKUST-1. The peak at 1649 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the C=O bond vibration of the deprotonated unit of the 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid molecule. The peaks at 1375 and 729 cm⁻¹ are attributed to the C=C bond vibration and the carboxylate ion, respectively. The peak at 490 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the Cu-O bond vibration.

[082] Through SEM analysis, the morphology of MOF HKUST-1 was observed, with clear evidence of its irregular shape.

[083] According to the ICP results, a MOF content of 151 mg Cu g-1 was determined. EXAMPLE 2 PAN@HKUST FIBERS SYNTHESIS

[084] The electrospinning technique is a versatile method for manufacturing polymeric fibers.

[085] Using the electrospinning technique, it was possible to incorporate the MOF material into polymeric fibers. PAN was selected as the polymer due to its high thermal conductivity, mechanical and chemical resistance, excellent thermal stability, and low cost.

[086] A polymeric suspension of MOF and PAN HKUST-1 was prepared in DMF. Subsequently, using the electrospinning technique, PAN@HKUST-1 fibers were obtained. Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 20 / 57 - 15 / 17

[087] PAN@HKUST-1 fibers were characterized by XRD analysis (Figure 1), and a crystallographic pattern was observed comprising diffraction peaks typical of the HKUST-1 MOF (2θ = 9.5, 11.7, 13.5, 19.1, 26.0 and 29.5°), indicating the correct incorporation of the HKUST-1 MOF into the fibers.

[088] Through nitrogen sorption measurements at -196 °C of PAN@HKUST-1 fibers (Figure 2), a reduction in the surface area of ​​PAN@HKUST-1 fibers of approximately 68% (Sbet = 500 m2g-1) was observed when compared to the surface area recorded for MOF HKUST-1 (Sbet = 1576 m2g-1).

[089] A total pore volume of approximately 0.25 cm3g-1 was calculated with a P / P0 of 0.95.

[090] A pore size of approximately 1.1 nm was determined using the BJH method, highlighting the microporous nature of the PAN@HKUST-1 fibers.

[091] PAN@HKUST-1 fibers exhibit high thermal stability (Figure 3), in agreement with the results obtained for the MOF HKUST-1.

[092] Through SEM analysis (Figures 5A-B), the PAN@HKUST-1 fibers are randomly oriented, with the formation of spheres along their structure.

[093] By infrared spectroscopy (Figure 4), the presence of the typical bands of the HKUST-1 MOF was observed at 1647, 1377 and 730 cm-1. The additional peak observed at 2240 cm-1 corresponds to the nitrile groups (-C=N) present in the PAN polymer that constitute the PAN@HKUST-1 fibers.

[094] According to the ICP results, a MOF HKUST-1 content of 36% by weight was determined in the fibers.

[095] Thus, the synthesis of PAN@HKUST-1 fibers was successfully achieved, leading to the formation of a high-quality composite with potential for use in adsorption applications. EXAMPLE 3 CO2 Capture Studies

[096] For preliminary laboratory-scale CO2 adsorption studies, a fixed-bed adsorption column reactor was used.

[097] To evaluate the performance of the MOF HKUST-1 in capturing CO2, adsorption tests were carried out using a quartz glass tube (300 mm, 0ext 9 mm, 0int Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 21 / 57 - 16 / 17 8 mm) as a fixed-bed reactor. HKUST-1 (~0.6 g) was first purged with argon (50 mL min-1) at 100 °C and atmospheric pressure for 3 hours. Then, HKUST-1 was incorporated into the adsorption column and exposed to a continuous flow of CO2 (100 mL min-1, [CO2] = 1000 ppm). After exposure of the material to the CO2 atmosphere, at ambient temperature (~21 °C) and atmospheric pressure, the adsorption time was started and all intensity values ​​in mA were collected every 30 seconds by a datalogger (model RTR505BL, T&D).

[098] An adsorption efficiency of 60% was recorded for 14 h, followed by saturation of the MOF material (Figure 6). Experimentally, a CO2 adsorption capacity, q (g g-1), of 76.64 g CO2 g-1 of MOF HKUST-1 was determined.

[099] Taking into account the results obtained, it is possible to evaluate the ability of MOF HKUST-1 to be used as an efficient adsorbent for CO2 capture.

[0100] Following the same conditions reported above for laboratory-scale CO2 adsorption studies of the MOF HKUST-1, the efficiency of PAN@HKUST-1 fibers was also evaluated.

[0101] An adsorption efficiency of 85% was recorded for 36 h, followed by saturation of the PAN@HKUST-1 fibers (Figure 7). Experimentally, a CO2 adsorption capacity, q (g g-1), of 299.90 g CO2 g-1 of PAN@HKUST-1 fibers was determined.

[0102] Compared to the adsorption capacity of MOF HKUST-1 (76.5764 g g-1), its immobilization as PAN@HKUST-1 fibers increased the CO2 adsorption capacity up to 3 times (299.90 g g-1), demonstrating the effectiveness of the immobilization process. EXAMPLE 4 INCORPORATION OF PAN@HKUST-1 FIBERS INTO AN EXTRACTION / VENTILATION SYSTEM

[0103] After evaluating the CO2 adsorption capacity of MOF HKUST-1 and PAN@HKUST-1 fibers on a laboratory scale, full-scale tests were carried out on the ventilation / exhaust systems of a shopping center. The indoor air quality of the shopping center revealed the presence of a CO2 value in the order of 480-720 ppmV (Table 1). Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 22 / 57 Table 1. Air quality parameters evaluated in the shopping center area. Sampling Zone | Evaluated Parameters | PM2.5 (pg / m3) | PM10 (pg / m3) | CO2 (ppmV) | CO (ppmV) | VOC (pg / m3) | Bacteria (cfu / m3) | Fungi (cfu / m3) | Shopping Center | 6-22 | 14-40 | 480-720 | 0.0 | 200-350 | 112-300 | 96-295

[0104] PAN@HKUST-1 fibers were added to a metal filter system (30 x 30 x 2.5 cm).

[0105] The metallic filter consists of internal metallic grids. PAN@HKUST-1 fibers were placed in the middle of the metallic filter system, using metallic grids as support for the embedded fibers.

[0106] The filter system was installed at the outlet of UTA0102 (Ocram), with air coming from the shopping center and with a direct connection to the outside environment. A sensor system for CO2 detection was incorporated before and after the filter, in order to evaluate, in real time, the adsorption capacity of the material.

[0107] Although the disclosure has been described in conjunction with its specific embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Consequently, it is intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. Petition 870250088820, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 23 / 57

Claims

- 1 / 3 CLAIMS 1. Composite comprising polymeric fibers comprising a matrix, characterized by 10% to 30% by weight (w / w) of said matrix comprising particles with a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) incorporated therein, the MOF being Cu-MOF-74, NH2-MIL-101, Co-MOF-74, or HKUST-1, preferably HKUST-1, said composite having a BET surface area of ​​400 to 600 m2 g1.

2. Composite according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said polymeric fibers comprise polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyethylene oxide (PEO) or any combination thereof, preferably PAN.

3. A composite, according to any one of claims 1 to 2, for capturing a gas, filtering a gas, storing a gas or a combination thereof, characterized in that said gas comprises CO2, N2, methane, hydrogen, VOCs, NOx, water vapor or any combination thereof, preferably CO2.

4. Composite, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said composite has a CO2 adsorption capacity of at least 15%, preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%.

5. Composite, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said composite has a thermal stability of 200 to 400 °C.

6. Composite, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said composite has a pore size of 0.8 to 2 nm, a pore volume of 0.1 to 0.3 cm3 g'1, or both.

7. Composite, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that MOF particles have a particle size of 100 to 200 μm. Petition 870260049951, dated 05 / 25 / 2026, p. 5 / 8 - 2 / 3 - 8. Composite, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said MOF is HKUST-1, with a surface area (BET) of 1300 to 1600 m2 g-1, a pore volume of 0.4 to 0.8 cm3 g-1, a pore size of 0.5 to 0.7 nm, or any combination thereof.

9. Filter characterized by comprising a composite according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and optionally a material selected from: activated carbon, ammonia-treated activated carbon, a zeolite, a polymer, silica gel, an ionic liquid or any combination thereof.

10. Filter according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said filter is incorporated into a structure, preferably a metallic structure, comprising at least 2 grid layers, preferably at least 5 grid layers, more preferably at least 6 grid layers, and said composite is placed between at least 2 grid layers, preferably between each 2 grid layers.

11. System, preferably a ventilation system, characterized by comprising a filter according to any one of claims 9 to 10.

12. System according to the previous claim, characterized by further comprising at least one sensor, preferably a gas detection sensor, more preferably a CO2 detection sensor.

13. Method for obtaining a composite, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: a) placing 10% to 30% (w / w) of a MOF in contact with an organic solvent, preferably DMF, thus forming a suspension; b) adding 5% to 20% (w / w) of a polymer, preferably PAN, to said suspension, thus forming a mixture; and c) electrospinning said mixture.

14. Use of the composite, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by gas adsorption, gas separation, gas storage, catalysis, detection, filtration, drug delivery, controlled drug release, Petition 870260049951, dated 05 / 25 / 2026, p. 6 / 8 - 3 / 3 energy storage, environmental remediation, sensors, hydrogen energy or any combination thereof.

15. Use of the filter according to any of claims 9 to 10, characterized by gas adsorption, gas separation, gas storage, catalysis, detection, filtration, drug delivery, controlled drug release, energy storage, environmental remediation, sensors, hydrogen energy or any combination thereof. Petition 870260049951, dated 25 / 05 / 2026, p. 7 / 8

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