Method for wireless communication in a device, device for wireless communication, and memory

Abstract

The present invention relates to symbol alignment and power scaling for transmission time intervals (TTIs) of different lengths within predefined limits, such as the boundaries of a subframe partition. The techniques described provide identification of time and / or frequency resources for one or more TTIs and allocation of such resources based on a location within a subframe, pilot signals that can be transmitted using the resources, other processing schedules, or any combination thereof. In some cases, a power allocation for symbols within a TTI can be determined based on the resources allocated to the TTI. Frequency hopping patterns and power scaling for three-symbol TTIs are also provided.

Description

1 / 80 METHOD FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION IN A DEVICE, DEVICE FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, AND MEMORY CROSS-REFERENCES

[0001] This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 793,782, by Hosseini et al., entitled Uplink Transmission Techniques In Low Latency Wireless Communication Systems, filed October 25, 2017; and to U.S. Patent Application No. 62 / 414,647, by Hosseini et al., entitled Uplink Transmission Techniques In Low Latency Wireless Communication Systems, filed October 28, 2016; each of which is assigned to the assignee hereof. BASIS

[0002] What follows refers generally to wireless communication and, more specifically, to uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems.

[0003] Wireless multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that allows different wireless devices to communicate at a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. One example of a telecommunications standard is Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is designed to improve spectral efficiency, reduce costs, enhance services, make use of new spectrum, and better integrate with other open standards. LTE can use OFDMA in the downlink (DL), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in the uplink (UL), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 6 / 196 2 / 80

[0004] In some examples, a wireless multiple access communication system may include a number of base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, also known as user equipment (UEs). In an LTE or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, a set of one or more base stations may define an eNode B (eNB). In other examples (e.g., in a 5G or next-generation new radio (NR) network), a wireless multiple access communication system may include a number of intelligent radio headers (RHs) communicating with a number of access node controllers (ANCs), where a set of one or more RHs, communicating with an ANC, defines a base station (e.g., an eNB or gNB).A base station can communicate with a set of UEs on downlink (DL) channels (e.g., for transmissions from a base station to a UE) and uplink (UL) channels (e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a base station).

[0005] In some LTE or NR implementations, a base station may transmit to one or more UEs using a transmission time interval (TTI) that has a reduced length compared to a legacy LTE TTI. Such a TTI may be referred to as a short TTI (sTTI), and users communicating using sTTIs may be referred to as low-latency users. An sTTI may be a subset of one or more subframes that correspond to legacy TTI subframes. A base station may allocate transmission resources for sTTIs to a UE, which may include time and / or frequency resources. Efficient allocation of this resource can help increase the efficiency of a communication system without Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 7 / 196 3 / 80 thread. SUMMARY

[0006] The techniques described refer to improved methods, systems, devices, or apparatus that support uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems. Generally, the techniques described provide identification of time and / or frequency resources for one or more sTTIs and allocation of such resources based on a location within a subframe, pilot signals that can be transmitted using the resources, other processing timelines, or any combination thereof. In some cases, a power allocation for symbols within an sTTI can be determined based on the resources allocated to the sTTI.In some examples, sTTIs may include a three-symbol OFDM sTTI and one or more two-symbol OFDM sTTIs, and a power shift may be applied to the two-symbol OFDM TTIs relative to the three-symbol OFDM TTI to compensate for the reduced achievable time and energy diversity per bit of the two-symbol OFDM sTTIs compared to the three-symbol OFDM sTTI.

[0007] In some cases, the sTTI may include a three-symbol OFDM TTI, where a first and second OFDM symbol may be transmitted using a first frequency resource, and a third OFDM symbol transmitted using a second frequency resource. In some examples, a power shift may be applied to the third symbol to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the third symbol compared to the first and second symbols. In some cases, pilot signals Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 8 / 196 4 / 80 can be configured to be transmitted based on resources allocated to the sTTIs.

[0008] A wireless communication method is described. The method may include identifying uplink resources for an uplink transmission encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI that has a different number of OFDM symbols than a second TTI, determining a first transmit power for the first TTI, applying a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second TTI, and transmitting an uplink grant for the uplink transmission to an UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the uplink resources and one or more of the first transmit power or the second transmit power.

[0009] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying uplink resources for an uplink transmission encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI having a different number of OFDM symbols than a second TTI, means for determining a first transmit power for the first TTI, means for applying a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second TTI, and means for transmitting an uplink grant for the uplink transmission to a user equipment (UE), the uplink grant including an indication of the uplink resources and one or more of the first transmit power or the second transmit power.

[0010] Another device for wireless communication is Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 9 / 196 5 / 80 described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to identify uplink resources for an uplink transmission encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI that has a different number of OFDM symbols than a second TTI, determine a first transmit power for the first TTI, apply a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second TTI, and transmit an uplink grant for the uplink transmission to an UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the uplink resources and one or more of the first transmit power or the second transmit power.

[0011] A non-transient computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transient computer-readable medium may include operable instructions for inducing a processor to identify uplink resources for an uplink transmission encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI having a different number of OFDM symbols than a second TTI, determine a first transmit power for the first TTI, apply a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second TTI, and transmit an uplink grant for the uplink transmission to an UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the uplink resources and one or more of the first transmit power or the second transmit power. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 10 / 196 6 / 80

[0012] Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for identifying the first TTI which has three OFDM symbols and the second TTI which has two OFDM symbols. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the power shift increases the transmission power to the second TTI to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the second TTI compared to the first TTI.

[0013] Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the power shift to the UE. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the power shift may be transmitted in the uplink lease. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for configuring the UE with the power shift prior to identifying resources for uplink transmission. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the two or more TTIs may be allocated uplink resources located within a partition of a wireless transmission subframe.

[0014] A wireless communication method is described. The method may include identifying resources for a first uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, allocating a first Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 11 / 196 7 / 80 frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of OFDM symbols, allocate a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource, and transmit an uplink grant to the first uplink TTI to a UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0015] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying resources for a first uplink TTI transmission time slot that has three OFDM symbols, means for allocating a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of the OFDM symbols, means for allocating a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of the OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource, and means for transmitting an uplink grant for the first uplink TTI to an UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0016] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to identify resources for a first uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, allocate a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of the OFDM symbols, allocate a second frequency resource for transmission of a second Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 12 / 196 8 / 80 subset of OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource, and transmit an uplink grant for the first uplink TTI to a UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0017] A non-transient computer-readable means for wireless communication is described. The non-transient computer-readable means may include operable instructions for inducing a processor to identify resources for a first uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, allocate a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of the OFDM symbols, allocate a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of the OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource, and transmit an uplink grant for the first uplink TTI to a UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0018] In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the first subset of OFDM symbols has two OFDM symbols and the second subset of OFDM symbols has one OFDM symbol. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for configuring a first OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols for Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 13 / 196 9 / 80 a pilot signal transmission. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus and means described above may also include processes, features, means or instructions for configuring an OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a pilot signal.

[0019] Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and means described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining that the first subset of OFDM symbols should be transmitted at the beginning of a wireless transmission subframe. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and means described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for configuring the first subset of OFDM symbols to have two OFDM symbols. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and means described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining that a first OFDM symbol of the first subset of OFDM symbols is located at the beginning of the wireless transmission subframe and should be rendered unusable for data or pilot signal transmissions.Some examples of the non-transient, computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for configuring a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a pilot signal.

[0020] Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus and medium described above may Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 14 / 196 10 / 80 may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining that the second subset of OFDM symbols should be transmitted at the end of a wireless transmission subframe, and configuring the second subset of OFDM symbols to have two OFDM symbols. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and means described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining that a final OFDM symbol of the second subset of OFDM symbols should be located at the end of the wireless transmission subframe and should be used for transmissions of a sounding reference signal (SRS), and configuring a first OFDM symbol of the second subset of OFDM symbols preceding the final OFDM symbol for data transmission and a pilot signal.

[0021] Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining a first transmission power for the first subset of OFDM symbols, the first subset having two OFDM symbols, and applying a power shift to the first transmission power to determine a second transmission power for the second subset of OFDM symbols, the second subset having one OFDM symbol. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the power shift increases a transmission power for the second subset of OFDM symbols to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the second. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 15 / 196 11 / 80 subset of OFDM symbols in relation to the first subset of OFDM symbols.

[0022] Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the power shift to the UE. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the power shift may be transmitted in the uplink lease. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for configuring the UE with the power shift prior to identifying resources for the first uplink TTI.

[0023] A method of wireless communication is described. The method may include receiving an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, allocating the uplink resource by identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI and a second TTI that have different numbers of OFDM symbols, identifying a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI, applying a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI, and transmitting the uplink transmission based, at least in part, on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power.

[0024] A device for wireless communication is described. The device may include means for receiving a Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 16 / 196 12 / 80 allocation of uplink resource from a base station for an uplink transmission, the allocation of uplink resource identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI and a second TTI that have different numbers of OFDM symbols, means to identify a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI, means to apply a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI, and means to transmit the uplink transmission based, at least in part, on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power.

[0025] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI and a second TTI having different numbers of OFDM symbols, identifying a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI, applying a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI, and transmitting the uplink transmission based at least in part on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 17 / 196 13 / 80

[0026] A non-transient computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transient computer-readable medium may include operable instructions for inducing a processor to receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI and a second TTI having different numbers of OFDM symbols, identifying a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI, applying a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI, and transmitting the uplink transmission based at least in part on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power.

[0027] Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for identifying the first TTI which has three OFDM symbols and the second TTI which has two OFDM symbols. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the power offset increases the transmission power to the second TTI to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the second TTI compared to the first TTI. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the power offset may be received in the uplink resource allocation. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 18 / 196 The non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving, prior to receiving the uplink resource allocation, a configuration that identifies the power offset. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the two or more TTIs may be allocated uplink resources located within a partition of a wireless transmission subframe.

[0028] A wireless communication method is described. The method may include receiving an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying an uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, identifying a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of the OFDM symbols based at least in part on the uplink resource allocation, identifying a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of the OFDM symbols based at least in part on the uplink resource allocation, and transmitting the uplink transmission using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0029] A device for wireless communication is described. The device may include means for receiving an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying an uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, means for identifying a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of the OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on the resource allocation. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 19 / 196 15 / 80 uplink, means to identify a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on uplink resource allocation, and means to transmit the uplink transmission using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0030] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying an uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, identifying a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of the OFDM symbols based at least in part on the uplink resource allocation, identifying a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of the OFDM symbols based at least in part on the uplink resource allocation, and transmitting the uplink transmission using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0031] A non-transient computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transient computer-readable medium may include operable instructions for inducing a processor to receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying an uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, identifying a first frequency resource for Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 20 / 196 16 / 80 transmit a first subset of OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on uplink resource allocation, identify a second frequency resource for transmitting a second subset of OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on uplink resource allocation, and transmit the uplink transmission using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0032] In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the first subset of OFDM symbols has two OFDM symbols and the second subset of OFDM symbols has one OFDM symbol. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for configuring a first OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols for a pilot signal transmission. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for configuring an OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a pilot signal.

[0033] In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the first subset of OFDM symbols must be transmitted at the beginning of a wireless transmission subframe, and the first subset of OFDM symbols has two OFDM symbols. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, a first Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 21 / 196 The 17 / 80 OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols is located at the beginning of the wireless transmission subframe and is not allocated for data transmissions or a pilot signal, while a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols is allocated for data transmission and a pilot signal.

[0034] In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, the second subset of OFDM symbols must be transmitted at the end of a wireless transmission subframe, and the second subset of OFDM symbols may have two OFDM symbols. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and medium described above, a final OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols is located at the end of the wireless transmission subframe and is configured for an SRS transmission, and a first OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols preceding the final OFDM symbol may be allocated for data transmission and a pilot signal.

[0035] Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and means described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for identifying a first transmit power for the first subset of OFDM symbols, the first subset having two OFDM symbols, and applying a power shift to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second subset of OFDM symbols, the second subset having one OFDM symbol. In some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and means Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 22 / 196 18 / 80 transient described above, power shifting increases the transmission power for the second subset of OFDM symbols to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the second subset of OFDM symbols compared to the first subset of OFDM symbols. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and means described above may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving the power shift with the uplink resource allocation. Some examples of the non-transient computer-readable method, apparatus, and means described above may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving, prior to receiving the uplink resource allocation, the configuration with the power shift. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a system for wireless communication that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a portion of a wireless communication system that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 illustrates an example of sTTI patterns for partition-aligned sTTIs that support uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4A and Figure 4B illustrate examples Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 23 / 196 19 / 80 frequency-hopping sTTI patterns that support uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention.

[0040] Figures 5 to 7 show block diagrams of a device that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 illustrates a block diagram of a system including a base station that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention.

[0042] Figures 9 to 11 show block diagrams of a device that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 12 illustrates a block diagram of a system including a UE that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention.

[0044] Figures 13 to 18 illustrate methods for uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to aspects of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] Improved methods, systems, devices, or apparatus from various examples can be used to support uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems. Resources allocated Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 24 / 196 20 / 80 for low-latency communication can be used for uplink and downlink communication via short-length transmission time intervals (TTIs) (e.g., short TTIs (sTTIs)), which may have TTI boundaries within or aligned with the boundaries of a legacy LTE TTI partition. In some examples, sTTIs may encompass two or three OFDM symbols, and each partition may have two two-symbol TTIs and one three-symbol TTI. In this way, all seven symbols of a partition can be utilized, and system resources can be more efficiently used compared to a case where three two-symbol sTTIs must be included in a seven-symbol partition.

[0046] Several techniques described in this document can provide identification of time and / or frequency resources for one or more sTTIs and allocation of such resources based on a location within a subframe, pilot signals that can be transmitted using the resources, other processing schedules, or any combination thereof. In some cases, a power allocation for symbols within an sTTI can be determined based on whether the sTTI is a two-symbol TTI or a three-symbol TTI. In some examples, a transmission power for a three-symbol sTTI can be determined, and a power offset applied to it to determine a transmission power for a two-symbol TTI. This power offset can help compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the two-symbol OFDM sTTI compared to the three-symbol OFDM sTTI.

[0047] In some cases, the sTTI may include a TTI Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 25 / 196 21 / 80 three-symbol OFDM where a first and second symbol can be transmitted using a first frequency resource, and a third symbol transmitted using a second frequency resource. In some examples, a transmission power for the first and second symbols can be determined, and a power offset applied to it to determine a transmission power for the third symbol. This power offset can be applied to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the third symbol compared to the first and second symbols. Such power offsets for TTIs with two symbols or single symbols on a different frequency resource within a TTI can be set power offsets, can be configured by a base station when establishing a connection with a UE, can be semi-statically signaled, or can be dynamically signaled in a resource grant to the UE.

[0048] In some cases, pilot signals can be configured to be transmitted based on resources allocated to the sTTIs. For example, in cases where two symbols of a three-symbol TTI are transmitted on a first frequency resource, one of the symbols can be configured for data transmission and the other symbol configured for a pilot signal transmission. In these cases, a third symbol of the sTTI transmitted using a different frequency resource can include both data and a pilot signal (e.g., pilot signal and data transmissions being transmitted at different cyclic offsets of the symbol). In some examples, a symbol alignment Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 26 / 196 22 / 80 within an sTTI can be identified based on one or more other symbol parameters, such as an empty symbol that may be provided to allow processing in a UE, or a symbol that must have another type of transmission, such as a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission. In these cases, the frequency resource having two of the three sTTI symbols can be configured to have the symbol that is unused for data or pilot transmission, with the remaining symbol on that frequency resource configured for data and pilot signal transmission.

[0049] These low-latency communications can be used in systems, for example, that can support multiple different services for data communications that can be selected depending on the nature of the communications. For example, communications that require low latency and high reliability, generally referred to as mission-critical communications (MiCr), can be served through a lower latency service (e.g., an ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service). Correspondingly, communications that are more tolerant of delay can be served through a service that provides relatively higher performance with slightly higher latency, such as a mobile broadband service (e.g., an enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) service). In other examples, communications can be with UEs that are embedded in other devices (e.g., meters, vehicles, appliances, machines, etc.).A machine-type communication (MTC) service (e.g., massively multi-channel communication (mMTC)) can be used for such communications. In some cases, different services (e.g., eMBB, URLLC, mMTC) may be used. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 27 / 196 23 / 80 can have different TTIs, different subcarrier spacing (or tone), and different cyclic prefixes.

[0050] The present invention describes various techniques with reference to next-generation networks (e.g., 5G or NR networks) that are being designed to support features such as broadband operations, more dynamic partition / subframe types, and independent partition / subframe types (where HARQ return for a subframe / partition can be transmitted before the end of the subframe / partition). However, these techniques can be used for any system in which TTIs of different lengths can be transmitted in a wireless communication system.

[0051] Aspects of the invention are initially described in the context of a wireless communication system. Aspects of the invention are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams and flowcharts that relate to uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems.

[0052] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100 according to various aspects of the present invention. The wireless communication system 100 includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be an LTE (or LTE-Enhanced) network or a New Radio (NR) network. In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable communications (e.g., mission-critical or URLLC), low-latency communications, communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 28 / 196 24 / 80 combinations of these. The 100 wireless communication system can provide symbol alignment and power scaling for TTIs of different lengths within predefined limits, such as the boundaries of a subframe partition.

[0053] Base stations 105 can communicate wirelessly with UEs 115 through one or more base station antennas. Each base station 105 can provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. Communication links 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 can include uplink (UL) transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105, or downlink (DL) transmissions from a base station 105 to a UE 115. Data and control information can be multiplexed on an uplink or downlink channel according to various techniques. Data and control information can be multiplexed on a downlink channel, for example, using time-division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques.In some examples, control information transmitted during a TTI of a downlink channel can be distributed among different control regions in a cascading manner (for example, between a common control region and one or more UE-specific control regions).

[0054] UEs 115 can be dispersed throughout the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 can also be referred to as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 29 / 196 25 / 80 wire, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a telephone handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE 115 may also be a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet, a laptop, a cordless phone, a personal electronic device, a portable device, a personal computer, a wireless local circuit station (WLL), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, a machine-type communication (MTC) device, a household appliance, an automobile, a drone, or the like.

[0055] In some cases, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs (for example, using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocol). Some UE 115s, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices, and may provide automated machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. M2M or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or a base station without human intervention. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, health monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather monitoring, and events. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 30 / 196 26 / 80 geological surveys, fleet management and tracking, remote security detection, physical access control, and transaction-based business billing.

[0056] In some cases, an MTC device can operate using half-duplex (one-way) communications at a reduced peak rate. MTC devices can also be configured to enter deep sleep power saving mode when not involved in active communications. In some cases, MTC or IoT devices may be designed to support mission-critical functions, and the wireless communication system may be configured to provide low-latency and ultra-reliable communications for these functions.

[0057] Base stations 105 can communicate with the core network 130 and with each other. For example, base stations 105 can interface with the core network 130 via backhaul links 132 (e.g., SI etc.). Base stations 105 can communicate with each other via backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 etc.) directly or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130). Base stations 105 can perform radio configuration and programming for communication with UEs 115, or they can operate under the control of a base station controller (not shown). In some instances, base stations 105 can be macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or similar. Base stations 105 can be an example of an LTE eNB, an eLTE eNB, an NR gNB, an NR B Node, an NR access node, and may include an access node controller (ANC).

[0058] A base station 105 can interface with the core network 130 via backhaul links 132 (by Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 31 / 196 27 / 80 example, SI, S2, NG-1, NG-2, NG-3, NG-C, NG-U etc.) and can perform radio configuration and programming for communication with UEs 115 within an associated coverage area 110. In several examples, network devices 105-b can communicate, directly or indirectly (e.g., through the core network 130), with each other via backhaul links 134 (e.g., XI, X2, Xn etc.), which can be wired or wireless communication links. Each base station 105 can also communicate with a number of UEs 115 through a number of other network devices, where a network device can be an example of a transmit-receive point (TRP), a distributed unit (DU), a radio head (RH), a remote radio head (RRH) or a smart radio head.

[0059] The 100 wireless communication system can support multi-cell or carrier operation, a feature that may be referred to as carrier aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A carrier may also be referred to as a component carrier (CC), a layer, a channel, etc. The terms carrier, component carrier, cell, and channel may be used interchangeably in this document. A UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation can be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

[0060] In some cases, the 100 wireless communication system may utilize enhanced component carriers (eCCs). An eCC may be characterized by one or more features including: higher bandwidth, shorter symbol duration, and time-to-transmit interval (TTIs). Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 32 / 196 28 / 80 shorter. In some cases, an eCC may be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration or a dual connectivity configuration (e.g., when multiple service cells have a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaul link). An eCC may also be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum (where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum). In some cases, an eCC may use a different symbol duration than other CCs, which may include the use of a reduced symbol duration compared to the symbol durations of other CCs. A shorter symbol duration is associated with high subcarrier spacing. A device, such as a UE 115 or base station 105, using eCCs may transmit broadband signals (e.g., 20, 40, 60, 80 MHz, etc.) at reduced symbol durations (e.g., 16.67 microseconds). A TTI in eCC may consist of one or multiple symbols.In some cases, the TTI duration (i.e., the number of symbols in a TTI) can be variable. A 5G or NR carrier can be considered an eCC.

[0061] In some cases, the 100 wireless system may use both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the 100 wireless system may employ Unlicensed LTE Radio Access (LTE U) or Licensed and Assisted LTE Access (LTE-LAA) technology or NR technology in an unlicensed band, such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless devices such as 105 base stations and 115 UEs may employ listening procedures. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 33 / 196 29 / 80 listen-before-talk (LBT) to ensure the channel is free before transmitting data. In some cases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration in conjunction with component carriers (CCs) operating in a licensed band. Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, or both. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on frequency division duplexing (FDD), time division duplexing (TDD), or a combination of both.

[0062] Time intervals in LTE or NR can be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit (which can be a sampling period of Ts = 1 / 30,720,000 seconds). Time resources in LTE / LTE-A can be organized according to 10ms long radio frames (Tf = 307200Ts), which can be identified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023. Each frame can include ten subframes of Ims numbered from 0 to 9. A subframe can be further divided into two 0.5ms partitions, each of which contains 6 or 7 modulation symbol periods (depending on the length of the cyclic prefix attached before each symbol). Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol contains 2048 sample periods. In some cases, the subframe may be the smallest programming unit, also known as a TTI.In other cases, a TTI may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (for example, in short TTI bursts or in component carriers selected using short TTIs). Several examples discussed in this document provide this. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 34 / 196 30 / 80 techniques for short TTIs, which can provide TTI alignment within a partition and various power scaling techniques for one or more symbols transmitted in short TTIs.

[0063] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a 200 wireless communication system for uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems. The 200 wireless communication system includes base stations 105-ae and UE 115-a, which can be examples of aspects of a UE 115, as described above with reference to Figure 1. In the example in Figure 2, the 200 wireless communication system can operate according to a radio access technology (RAT), such as a 5G or NR RAT, although the techniques described in this document can be applied to any RAT and to systems that can simultaneously use two or more different RATs.

[0064] Base station 105-a can communicate with UE 115-a via carrier 205. In some instances, base station 105-a can allocate resources for communication with legacy UEs via carrier 205. For example, base station 105-a can allocate 210 subframes for communication with the UE, and one or more 210 subframes can correspond to a legacy LTE TTI of 1 ms. In this example, the 210 subframes can include a first 210-a subframe, a second 210-b subframe, and a third 210-c subframe. Each of the 210 subframes can include two partitions, similarly as discussed above, where each partition can have seven symbols for a normal cyclic prefix. In this example, a first partition (partition 0) 220 and a second partition (partition 1) 225 can be included in the first subframe. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 35 / 196 31 / 80 210-a.

[0065] As indicated above, in the uplink of a low-latency system, different sTTI lengths can be used for transmissions over carrier 205. For example, 1-partition sTTI and two-symbol sTTI durations can be supported for uplink control physical channel (PUCCH) and uplink shared physical channel (PUSCH) transmissions (or short PUCCH (sPUCCH) and short PUSCH (sPUSCH) transmissions). Although several examples discussed in this document are described with respect to uplink communications, such techniques can also apply to downlink communications in several instances. When two-symbol sTTI is used, in some cases it may be desirable to have a fixed sTTI structure, where the sTTI boundaries lie within partition boundaries or are aligned with partition boundaries, such as the boundaries of the first partition 220 or the second partition 225, which can be referred to as partition-aligned sTTIs.As discussed above, when using a normal CP, seven symbols are included in each 220-225 partition, and thus each partition can include three sTTIs for partition-aligned sTTIs. In some cases, one of the sTTIs can be configured as a three-symbol TTI, so as to efficiently utilize each symbol of each partition. In these cases, different patterns can be considered, such as having the three-symbol TTI located at the end of a 220-225 partition, or at the beginning of a 220-225 partition.

[0066] Figure 3 illustrates an example of sTTI 300 patterns for partition-aligned sTTIs that support uplink transmission techniques in communication systems. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 36 / 196 32 / 80 low-latency wireless. Partition-aligned sTTI patterns 300 can be used for low-latency communications between a UE and a base station, as discussed above with respect to Figures 1 and 2. A subframe 310 can have resources allocated for uplink communication. Subframe 310 can include two partitions: first partition (partition 0) 315 and second partition (partition 1) 320 which can correspond to legacy LTE partitions. Each partition 315 and 320 can include partition-aligned sTTIs allocated for low-latency communication. Each partition 315 and 320 can include three sTTIs, including a first TTI (TTI-0) 325, a second TTI (TTI-1), and a third TTI (TTI-2) 335. In some examples, TTIs 325 to 335 can be aligned in a 3-2-2 partition alignment 340, where the first TTI 325 can include three symbols, the second TTI 330 can include two symbols, and the third TTI 335 can include two symbols.In other examples, TTIs 325 to 335 can be aligned in a 2-2-3 345 partition alignment, where the first TTI 325 can include two symbols, the second TTI 330 can include two symbols, and the third TTI 335 can include three symbols. Obviously, other alignment patterns can be used for communication, and the 3-2-2 340 partition alignment and the 2-2-3 345 partition alignment are provided for illustration and discussion purposes. Additionally, the first partition 315 can use a different partition alignment than the second partition 320. For example, each of the first partition 315 and the second partition 320 can use the 32-2 340 partition alignment or can use the 2-2-3 345 partition alignment. Alternatively, the first partition 315 can use one. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 37 / 196 33 / 80 partition alignment 3-2-2 340 and the second partition can use partition alignment 2-2-3 345. Other combinations can also be used, including combinations with different partition alignments.

[0067] In some examples, a base station may allocate uplink resources to a UE for 310 subframe uplink transmissions that may include allocation according to one or more partition alignments. When using TTIs of different lengths 325 to 335, compared to a two-symbol sTTI, a three-symbol sTTI may benefit from its better time diversity and higher achievable power per bit. As a result, these two uplink transmissions may provide different coverages. In some examples, in order to provide both TTI durations that have similar performance, different power control formulas may be used for sTTIs of different lengths. More specifically, in some examples, the performance loss of a two-symbol sTTI compared to a three-symbol sTTI may be compensated by adding a compensation term to the uplink power control formula.Thus, a transmission power can be determined for the three-symbol sTTI, and a compensation applied to the determined transmission power to determine the transmission power of the two-symbol sTTI. Such power compensation can be indicated to the UE through, for example, explicit signaling in an uplink UL grant. In other examples, such power compensation can be indicated using an implicit indication. For example, power offset can be configured by higher layers, and whenever a UE is allocated an sTTI. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 38 / 196 34 / 80 of two symbols, a transmission power can be compensated by the given value. Such indication can be configured semi-statically, for example, through RRC signaling or through system information block (SIB) signaling.

[0068] Figure 4A and Figure 4B illustrate examples of 400 and 450 frequency hopping sTTI patterns for uplink transmissions in low-latency wireless communication systems. 400 and 450 frequency hopping patterns can be used for low-latency communications between a UE and a base station, as discussed above with respect to Figures 1 and 2.

[0069] In an example from Figure 4A, a three-symbol TTI 405 can have two initial symbols transmitted using a first frequency feature (f 0) 420 and the third symbol transmitted using a second frequency feature (f 1) 425, according to a first hopping pattern (pattern 1-a) 425. In another example from Figure 4A, a three-symbol TTI 410 can have two initial symbols transmitted using the second frequency feature (f 1) 425 and the third symbol transmitted using the first frequency feature (f 0) 420, according to a second hopping pattern (pattern 1-b) 430.

[0070] Similarly, in an example from Figure 4B, a three-symbol TTI 455 may have initial symbols transmitted using a first frequency feature (f0) 460 and the two subsequent symbols transmitted using a second frequency feature (f1) 465, according to a third hopping pattern (pattern 2-a) 475. In another example from Figure 4B, a three-symbol TTI 460 may have a symbol Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 39 / 196 The initial 35 / 80 was transmitted using the second frequency feature (f 1) 465, and the two subsequent symbols were transmitted using the first frequency feature (f 0) 470, according to a fourth hopping pattern (pattern 2-b) 480.

[0071] In cases where a two-symbol sTTI is transmitted, each transmitted symbol may include both data and pilot signal transmissions. For the three-symbol TTIs 405, 410, 455, and 460 of Figures 4A and 4B, the two symbols that are transmitted using the same frequency resource may include data in one symbol and a pilot signal in the other symbol, with the third symbol that is transmitted on the different frequency resource including both pilot signal and data transmissions. Each of the portions of the sTTIs that are transmitted using different frequency resources may be independently decodable.

[0072] In some instances, the alignment of two-symbol sTTIs versus three-symbol sTTIs, as well as the frequency hopping pattern used, may be selected based on one or more factors associated with a transmission or a transmitting device. For example, in some cases, a three-symbol sTTI may be set at the beginning of a subframe using frequency hopping pattern 1a or 1b, and a three-symbol sTTI may be set at the end of a subframe using frequency hopping pattern 2a or 2b. One reason for the former may be that, in some cases, the first symbol of a subframe may not be used for transmissions and may instead be empty (for example, in eMTC, when the transmission band changes, the first symbol of a subframe may not be used and the Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 40 / 196 36 / 80 associated time interval used for some processing). One reason for the latter case may be that, when a polling reference signal (SRS) needs to be transmitted, the last symbol of a subframe is not used for sPUCCH transmissions. In both such cases, a three-symbol sTTI effectively becomes a two-symbol sTTI, and a two-symbol sTTI design may be used in the first and / or last sTTI of a subframe in such examples (e.g., each of the two symbols transmits pilot signal and data transmissions).

[0073] In some examples, power scaling can be used within a three-symbol sTTI with frequency hopping. When frequency hopping is employed, the two symbols of a three-symbol sTTI that use the same frequency resource can benefit from more time diversity compared to a single-symbol portion on a different frequency resource. Since the two portions can be independently decodable, it may be desirable to ensure that both provide a similar level of coverage. In some examples, distinct power control formulas can be used for each portion to provide similar coverage. More specifically, in some examples, the uplink transmission power of the single-symbol portion can be increased by adding a power offset to its power control formula relative to a transmission power for the two-symbol portion.Thus, a transmission power can be determined for the two-symbol portion of the sTTI that uses the same frequency resource, and a compensation applied to the power. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 41 / 196 37 / 80 transmission is determined to specify a transmission power for the remaining symbol that uses the different frequency resource. Such power compensation can be indicated to the UE through, for example, explicit signaling in a UL grant. In other examples, such power compensation can be indicated using an implicit indication. For example, power offset can be configured by higher layers, and whenever a UE is allocated a three-symbol frequency-hopping sTTI, a transmission power for the symbol that uses a different frequency resource than the other two symbols can be compensated by the given value. Such indication can be configured semi-statically, for example, through RRC signaling or through system information block (SIB) signaling. In other examples, the same uplink transmission can be used for symbols transmitted using different frequency resources.In cases where the first or last symbol of a three-symbol sTTI is reserved for other communications (e.g., not used to provide processing time or used for SRS transmission), power scaling may not be implemented, since such a three-symbol sTTI effectively becomes a normal two-symbol sTTI and both symbols can be transmitted with equal power.

[0074] Figure 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a wireless device 505 that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The wireless device 505 can be an example of Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 42 / 196 38 / 80 aspects of a base station 105, as described with reference to Figure 1. The wireless device 505 may include a receiver 510, base station transmission manager 515, and transmitter 520. The wireless device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., through one or more buses).

[0075] The 510 receiver can receive information, such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems, etc.). The information can be passed to other components of the device. The 510 receiver can be an example of aspects of the 835 transceiver described with reference to Figure 8.

[0076] The 515 base station transmission manager can be an example of aspects of an 815 base station transmission manager described with reference to Figure 8. The 515 base station transmission manager can identify uplink resources for an uplink transmission encompassing two or more TTIs, including a first TTI that has a different number of OFDM symbols than a second TTI, determine a first transmit power for the first TTI, apply a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second TTI, and transmit an uplink grant for the uplink transmission to a UE. The uplink grant may include an indication of the uplink resources and one or more of the first transmit powers. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 43 / 196 39 / 80 or the second transmission power. The 515 base station transmission manager can also identify resources for a first uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, allocate a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of the OFDM symbols, allocate a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of the OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource, and transmit an uplink grant for the first uplink TTI to a UE. This uplink grant may include an indication of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0077] The 520 transmitter can transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the 520 transmitter may be colocated with a 510 receiver in a transceiver module. For example, the 520 transmitter may be an example of aspects of the 835 transceiver described with reference to Figure 8. The 520 transmitter may include a single antenna, or it may include an array of antennas.

[0078] Figure 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a wireless device 605 supporting uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The wireless device 605 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device 505 or a base station 105, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 5. The wireless device 605 may include a receiver 610, base station transmission manager 615, and transmitter 620. The wireless device 605 may also include a Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 44 / 196 40 / 80 processor. Each of these components can be in communication with each other (for example, through one or more buses).

[0079] Receiver 610 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems, etc.). Information can be passed to other device components. Receiver 610 can be an example of aspects of transceiver 835 described with reference to Figure 8.

[0080] The base station transmission manager 615 may be an example of aspects of a base station transmission manager 815 described with reference to Figure 8. The base station transmission manager 615 may also include a resource allocation component 625, power determination component 630, power compensation component 635, grant transmission component 640, and frequency resource component 645.

[0081] Resource allocation component 625 can identify uplink resources for an uplink transmission that encompasses two or more TTIs, including a first TTI that has a different number of OFDM symbols than a second TTI. For example, resource allocation component 625 can identify the first TTI that has three OFDM symbols and the second TTI that has two OFDM symbols, and identify resources for a first uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols. In some cases, resource allocation component 625 can determine that a first subset of the symbols Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 45 / 196 41 / 80 OFDM must be transmitted at the beginning of a wireless transmission subframe, and the first subset of OFDM symbols can be configured to have two OFDM symbols, or a second subset of OFDM symbols can be determined to be transmitted at the end of a wireless transmission subframe and the second subset of OFDM symbols can be configured to have two OFDM symbols. In some cases, the two or more TTIs are allocated uplink resources located within a partition of a wireless transmission subframe. In some cases, the first subset of OFDM symbols has two OFDM symbols and the second subset of OFDM symbols has one OFDM symbol.

[0082] The power determination component 630 can determine a first transmission power for the first TTI. The power determination component 630 can also determine a first transmission power for the first subset of OFDM symbols, the first subset having two OFDM symbols.

[0083] The 635 power compensation component can apply a power shift to the first transmission power to determine a second transmission power for the second TTI, and transmit the power shift to the UE. In some cases, the 635 power compensation component can apply a power shift to the first transmission power to determine a second transmission power for a second subset of OFDM symbols within a three-symbol TTI, the second subset having one OFDM symbol. In some cases, the power shift increases a transmission power for the second TTI, or the second subset. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 46 / 196 42 / 80 of OFDM symbols, to compensate for the reduced diversity of time and energy achievable per bit compared to the first TTI or first subset of OFDM symbols.

[0084] The 640 grant transmission component may transmit an uplink grant for uplink transmission to a UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the uplink resources and one or more of the first transmit power or second transmit power. In some cases, the 640 grant transmission component may transmit an uplink grant for the first uplink TTI to a UE, the uplink grant including an indication of a first frequency resource and a second frequency resource for uplink TTI symbols. In some cases, power offset is transmitted in the uplink grant.

[0085] The frequency resource component 645 can allocate a first frequency resource for transmitting a first subset of OFDM symbols and allocate a second frequency resource for transmitting a second subset of OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource.

[0086] The transmitter 620 can transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the transmitter 620 may be colocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 620 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 835 described with reference to Figure 8. The transmitter 620 may include a single antenna, or it may include an array of antennas. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 47 / 196 43 / 80

[0087] Figure 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a base station transmission manager 715 supporting uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The base station transmission manager 715 may be an example of aspects of a base station transmission manager 515, a base station transmission manager 615, or a base station transmission manager 815 described with reference to Figures 5, 6, and 8. The base station transmission manager 715 may include a resource allocation component 720, a power determination component 725, a power compensation component 730, a grant transmission component 735, a frequency resource component 740, a configuration signaling component 745, a pilot signal component 750, and a sounding reference signal (SRS) component 755.Each of these modules can communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (for example, through one or more buses).

[0088] The 720 resource allocation component can identify uplink resources for an uplink transmission that encompasses two or more TTIs, including a first TTI that has a different number of OFDM symbols than a second TTI. In some examples, the first TTI may have three OFDM symbols and the second TTI may have two OFDM symbols. In some cases, the first uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols and the 720 resource allocation component can determine that the first subset of OFDM symbols should be transmitted at the beginning of a wireless transmission subframe and configure the first subset of OFDM symbols. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 48 / 196 44 / 80 to have two OFDM symbols that must be transmitted using a first frequency resource. In some cases, the 720 resource allocation component may determine that a second subset of OFDM symbols must be transmitted at the end of a wireless transmission subframe, and may configure the second subset of OFDM symbols to have two OFDM symbols. In some cases, the two or more TTIs are allocated uplink resources located within a partition of a wireless transmission subframe. In some cases, the first subset of OFDM symbols has two OFDM symbols and the second subset of OFDM symbols has one OFDM symbol.

[0089] The power determination component 725 can determine a first transmission power for the first TTI and determine a first transmission power for the first subset of OFDM symbols.

[0090] The 730 power compensation component can apply a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second TTI, and transmit the power offset to the UE. In some cases, the 730 power compensation component can apply a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for a second subset of OFDM symbols of a three-symbol TTI. In some cases, the power offset increases a transmit power to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit.

[0091] The 735 concession transmission component can transmit an uplink concession to the Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 49 / 196 45 / 80 uplink transmission to a UE, the uplink grant including an indication of the uplink resources and one or more of the first transmit power or second transmit power, and transmit an uplink grant to the first uplink TTI to a UE. The uplink grant may also include an indication of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. In some cases, power offset is transmitted in the uplink grant.

[0092] The frequency resource component 740 can allocate a first frequency resource for transmitting a first subset of OFDM symbols and allocate a second frequency resource for transmitting a second subset of OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource.

[0093] The 745 configuration signaling component can configure the UE with power offset before resource identification for uplink transmission and configure the UE with power offset before resource identification for the first uplink TTI.

[0094] The 750 pilot signal component can configure a first OFDM symbol from a first subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols for a pilot signal transmission, and configure an OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a pilot signal. In some cases, the 750 pilot signal component can determine that a first OFDM symbol from the first subset of symbols Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 50 / 196 46 / 80 OFDM is located at the beginning of the wireless transmission subframe and should be left unused for data or pilot signal transmissions, and a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols should be configured for data and pilot signal transmission. The SRS 755 component can determine that a final OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols is located at the end of the wireless transmission subframe and should be used for SRS transmissions.

[0095] Figure 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The device 805 may be an example of, or include, the wireless device components 505, 605, or a base station 105, as described above, for example, with reference to Figures 1, 5, and 6. The device 805 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including base station transmission manager 815, processor 820, memory 825, software 830, transceiver 835, antenna 840, network communications manager 845, and base station communications manager 850. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 810).The 805 device can communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs 115.

[0096] The 820 processor may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a signal processor). Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 51 / 196 47 / 80 digital (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device, a discrete transistor or gate logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the 820 processor may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the 820 processor. The 820 processor may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems).

[0097] Memory 825 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 825 may store computer-executable, computer-readable software 830 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 825 may contain, among other things, a basic input-output system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware and / or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0098] Software 830 may include code to implement aspects of the present invention, including code to support uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems. Software 830 may be stored on a non-transient, computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other memory. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 52 / 196 48 / 80 In some cases, the 830 software may not be directly executable by the processor, but it can cause a computer (for example, when compiled and executed) to perform functions described here.

[0099] The 835 transceiver can communicate bidirectionally, through one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the 835 transceiver can represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The 835 transceiver can also include a modem to modulate packets and provide modulated packets to antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from antennas.

[0100] In some cases, the wireless device may include a single 840 antenna. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one 840 antenna, which may be able to simultaneously transmit or receive multiple wireless transmissions.

[0101] The 845 network communications manager can manage communications with the core network (e.g., via one or more cable backhaul links). For example, the 845 network communications manager can manage the transfer of data communications to client devices, such as one or more 115 UEs.

[0102] The 850 base station communications manager can manage communications with another 105 base station, and may include a controller or programmer to control communications with the 115 UEs in cooperation with other 105 base stations. For example, the 850 base station communications manager can coordinate scheduling. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 53 / 196 49 / 80 for transmissions to UEs 115 for various interference mitigation techniques, such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the 850 base station communications manager may provide an X2 interface within a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between base stations 105.

[0103] Figure 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a wireless device 905 supporting uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The wireless device 905 can be an example of aspects of a UE 115, as described with reference to Figure 1. The wireless device 905 may include a receiver 910, UE transmission manager 915, and transmitter 920. The wireless device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., through one or more buses).

[0104] The 910 receiver can receive information, such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems, etc.). The information can be passed to other components of the device. The 910 receiver can be an example of aspects of the 1235 transceiver described with reference to Figure 12.

[0105] The UE 915 transmission manager can be an example of aspects of the UE 1215 transmission manager described with reference to Figure 12. The manager Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 54 / 196 A 50 / 80 UE 915 transmission system can receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission. The uplink resource allocation identifies uplink resources encompassing two or more TTIs, including a first TTI and a second TTI that have different OFDM symbol numbers. It identifies a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI, applies a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI, and transmits the uplink transmission based on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power.The UE 915 transmission manager can also receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying an uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols, identifying a first frequency resource for transmitting a first subset of the OFDM symbols based on the uplink resource allocation, identifying a second frequency resource for transmitting a second subset of the OFDM symbols based on the uplink resource allocation, and transmitting the uplink transmission using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0106] The 920 transmitter can transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some examples, the 920 transmitter may be colocated with a 910 receiver in a transceiver module. For example, the 920 transmitter may be an example of aspects of the 1235 transceiver described with reference to Figure 12. The 920 transmitter may include a single antenna, or it may Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 55 / 196 51 / 80 includes an antenna array.

[0107] Figure 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a wireless device 1005 supporting uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The wireless device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device 905 or a UE 115, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 9. The wireless device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, UE transmission manager 1015, and transmitter 1020. The wireless device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., through one or more buses).

[0108] Receiver 1010 can receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems, etc.). The information can be passed to other components of the device. Receiver 1010 can be an example of aspects of transceiver 1235 described with reference to Figure 12.

[0109] The UE 1015 transmission manager may be an example of aspects of the UE 1215 transmission manager described with reference to Figure 12. The UE 1015 transmission manager may also include a resource allocation component 1025, a power determination component 1030, a power compensation component 1035, an uplink transmission component 1040, and a frequency resource component 1045. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 56 / 196 52 / 80

[0110] The 1025 resource allocation component can receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI and a second TTI that have different numbers of OFDM symbols, identifying the first TTI that has three OFDM symbols and the second TTI that has two OFDM symbols, and receiving the power offset with the uplink resource allocation. In some cases, the power offset is received in the uplink resource allocation. In some cases, the two or more TTIs are allocated uplink resources located within a partition of a wireless transmission subframe. In some cases, the first subset of OFDM symbols has two OFDM symbols and the second subset of OFDM symbols has one OFDM symbol.In some cases, the first subset of OFDM symbols must be transmitted at the beginning of a wireless transmission subframe. In some cases, a first OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols is located at the beginning of the wireless transmission subframe and is not allocated for data transmissions or a pilot signal, and a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols is allocated for data transmission and a pilot signal. In some cases, the second subset of OFDM symbols must be transmitted at the end of a wireless transmission subframe, and the second subset of OFDM symbols has two OFDM symbols.

[0111] The 1030 power determination component can identify a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI and identify a first Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 57 / 196 53 / 80 transmission power for the first subset of OFDM symbols, the first subset having two OFDM symbols.

[0112] The 1035 power compensation component can apply a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI, or apply a power offset to the first transmission power to determine a second transmission power for a second subset of OFDM symbols, the second subset having one OFDM symbol. In some cases, the power offset increases a transmission power for the second TTI or second subset of OFDM symbols to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the second TTI compared to the first TTI or first subset of OFDM symbols.

[0113] The 1040 uplink transmission component can transmit the uplink transmission based on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power, and transmit the uplink transmission using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. The 1045 frequency resource component can identify a first frequency resource for transmitting a first subset of OFDM symbols based on the uplink resource allocation and identify a second frequency resource for transmitting a second subset of OFDM symbols based on the uplink resource allocation.

[0114] The 1020 transmitter can transmit signals generated by other components of the device. In some Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 58 / 196 In examples 54 / 80, the 1020 transmitter can be colocated with a 1010 receiver in a transceiver module. For example, the 1020 transmitter can be an example of aspects of the 1235 transceiver described with reference to Figure 12. The 1020 transmitter can include a single antenna, or it can include an array of antennas.

[0115] Figure 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a UE transmission manager 1115 supporting uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The UE transmission manager 1115 can be an example of aspects of a UE transmission manager 1215 described with reference to Figures 9, 10 and 12. The UE transmission manager 1115 may include a resource allocation component 1120, power determination component 1125, power compensation component 1130, uplink transmission component 1135, frequency resource component 1140, configuration component 1145, pilot signal component 1150, and the SRS component 1155. Each of these modules can communicate, directly or indirectly, with each other (e.g., through one or more buses).

[0116] The resource allocation component 1120 can receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more TTIs including a first TTI and a second TTI that have different numbers of OFDM symbols, identifying the first TTI that has three OFDM symbols and the second TTI that has two OFDM symbols, and receiving the power offset. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 59 / 196 55 / 80 with uplink resource allocation. In some cases, power offset is received in uplink resource allocation. In some cases, the two or more TTIs are allocated uplink resources located within a partition of a wireless transmission subframe. In some cases, the first subset of OFDM symbols has two OFDM symbols and the second subset of OFDM symbols has one OFDM symbol. In some cases, the first subset of OFDM symbols must be transmitted at the beginning of a wireless transmission subframe. In some cases, a first OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols is located at the beginning of the wireless transmission subframe and is not allocated for data transmissions or pilot signal, and a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols is allocated for data transmission and a pilot signal.In some cases, the second subset of OFDM symbols must be transmitted at the end of a wireless transmission subframe, and the second subset of OFDM symbols consists of two OFDM symbols.

[0117] The power determination component 1125 can identify a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI and identify a first transmission power for the first subset of OFDM symbols, the first subset having two OFDM symbols.

[0118] The power compensation component 1130 can apply a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI, or apply a power offset to the first power of Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 60 / 196 56 / 80 transmission to determine a second transmission power for a second subset of OFDM symbols, the second subset having one OFDM symbol. In some cases, the power shift increases the transmission power for the second TTI or second subset of OFDM symbols to compensate for the reduced time and energy diversity achievable per bit of the second TTI compared to the first TTI or first subset of OFDM symbols.

[0119] The 1135 uplink transmission component can transmit uplink transmission based on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power, and transmit uplink transmission using the first frequency feature and the second frequency feature.

[0120] The frequency resource component 1140 can identify a first frequency resource for transmitting a first subset of OFDM symbols based on uplink resource allocation and identify a second frequency resource for transmitting a second subset of OFDM symbols based on uplink resource allocation.

[0121] The configuration component 1145 can receive, before receiving the uplink resource allocation, the configuration that identifies the power offset and receive, before receiving the uplink resource allocation, a configuration with the power offset.

[0122] The pilot signal component 1150 can configure a first OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a second OFDM symbol from the first subset of OFDM symbols for Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 61 / 196 57 / 80 a pilot signal transmission and configure an OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols for data transmission and a pilot signal.

[0123] The SRS 1155 component can determine a last OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols located at the end of the wireless transmission subframe and is configured for an SRS transmission, and where a first OFDM symbol from the second subset of OFDM symbols preceding the last OFDM symbol is allocated for data transmission and a pilot signal.

[0124] Figure 12 shows a diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The device 1205 may be an example of, or include, the UE components 115 as described above, for example, with reference to Figure 1. The device 1205 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including UE transmission manager 1215, processor 1220, memory 1225, software 1230, transceiver 1235, antenna 1240 and I / O controller 1245. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1210). The device 1205 may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations 105.

[0125] The 1220 processor may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a logic device). Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 62 / 196 58 / 80 programmable, a discrete transistor or gate logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the 1220 processor may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the 1220 processor. The 1220 processor may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems).

[0126] Memory 1225 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1225 may store computer-executable, computer-readable software 1230 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1225 may contain, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware and / or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0127] Software 1230 may include code to implement aspects of the present invention, including code to support uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems. Software 1230 may be stored on a non-transient, computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, Software 1230 may not be directly executable by the processor, but may lead a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

[0128] Transceiver 1235 can communicate Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 63 / 196 59 / 80 bidirectionally, through one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the 1235 transceiver may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The 1235 transceiver may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide modulated packets to antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from antennas.

[0129] In some cases, the wireless device may include a single 1240 antenna. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one 1240 antenna, which may be able to simultaneously transmit or receive multiple wireless transmissions.

[0130] The I / O controller 1245 can manage input and output signals for the device 1205. The I / O controller 1245 can also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1205. In some cases, the I / O controller 1245 can represent a port or physical connection to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1245 can use an operating system, such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system.

[0131] Figure 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a 1300 method for uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The operations of the 1300 method can be implemented by a base station 105 or its components, as described in this document. For example, the operations of the 1300 method can be performed by a base station transmission manager, as Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 64 / 196 60 / 80 described with reference to Figures 5 to 8. In some examples, a 105 base station may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the 105 base station may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

[0132] In block 1305, base station 105 can identify uplink resources for an uplink transmission that encompasses two or more transmission time intervals (TTIs), including a first TTI that has a different number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols than a second TTI. Block 1305 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1305 operations can be performed by a resource allocation component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0133] In optional block 1310, base station 105 can identify the first TTI that has three OFDM symbols and the second TTI that has two OFDM symbols. The operations of block 1310 can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1310 can be performed by a resource allocation component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0134] In block 1315, base station 105 can determine a first transmission power for the first TTI. Operations in block 1315 can be performed according to the methods described with reference to the Figures. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 65 / 196 61 / 80 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of the block 1315 operations may be performed by a power determination component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0135] In block 1320, base station 105 can apply a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second TTI. Block 1320 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1320 operations can be performed by a power compensation component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0136] In block 1325, base station 105 may transmit an uplink grant for uplink transmission to a user equipment (UE), the uplink grant including an indication of the uplink resources and one or more of the first transmit power or second transmit power. Block 1325 operations may be performed in accordance with the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain instances, aspects of block 1325 operations may be performed by a grant transmission component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0137] Figure 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a 1400 method for uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The operations of the 1400 method can be implemented by a 105 base station or its components, as described in this document. By Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 66 / 196 For example, the operations of method 1400 can be performed by a base station transmission manager, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8. In some examples, a base station 105 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 105 can perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

[0138] In block 1405, base station 105 can identify resources for a first uplink TTI that has three OFDM symbols. Block 1405 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1405 operations can be performed by a resource allocation component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0139] In block 1410, base station 105 can allocate a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of OFDM symbols. Block 1410 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1410 operations can be performed by a frequency resource component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0140] In block 1415, base station 105 can allocate a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource. Operations in block 1415 can be performed Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 67 / 196 63 / 80 according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of the block 1415 operations may be performed by a frequency resource component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0141] In block 1420, base station 105 can transmit an uplink grant to the first uplink TTI to a user equipment (UE), the uplink grant including an indication of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. Block 1420 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1420 operations can be performed by a grant transmission component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0142] Figure 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The operations of method 1500 can be implemented by a base station 105 or its components, as described in this document. For example, the operations of method 1500 can be performed by a base station transmission manager, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8. In some examples, a base station 105 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 105 can perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 68 / 196 64 / 80

[0143] In block 1505, base station 105 can identify resources for a first transmission time interval (TTI) of uplink that has three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Block 1505 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1505 operations can be performed by a resource allocation component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0144] In block 1510, base station 105 can allocate a first frequency resource for transmission of a first subset of OFDM symbols. Block 1510 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1510 operations can be performed by a frequency resource component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0145] In block 1515, base station 105 can allocate a second frequency resource for transmission of a second subset of OFDM symbols, the second frequency resource being different from the first frequency resource. Block 1515 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1515 operations can be performed by a frequency resource component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0146] In block 1520, base station 105 can determine a first transmit power for the first subset of OFDM symbols, the first Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 69 / 196 65 / 80 subset having two OFDM symbols. The 1520 block operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of the 1520 block operations can be performed by a power determination component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0147] In block 1525, base station 105 can apply a power offset to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second subset of OFDM symbols, the second subset having one OFDM symbol. Block 1525 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1525 operations can be performed by a power compensation component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0148] In block 1530, base station 105 can transmit an uplink grant to the first uplink TTI to a user equipment (UE), the uplink grant including an indication of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. Block 1530 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1530 operations can be performed by a grant transmission component, as described with reference to Figures 5 to 8.

[0149] Figure 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a 1600 method for uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The operations of Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 70 / 196 The 66 / 80 method 1600 operations can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components, as described in this document. For example, the operations of method 1600 can be performed by a UE transmission manager, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12. In some examples, a UE 115 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 can perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

[0150] In block 1605, UE 115 can receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more transmission time intervals (TTIs) including a first TTI and a second TTI that have different numbers of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Block 1605 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1605 operations can be performed by a resource allocation component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0151] In block 1610, UE 115 can identify the first TTI that has three OFDM symbols and the second TTI that has two OFDM symbols. The block 1610 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of the block 1610 operations can be performed by a resource allocation component, as described with Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 71 / 196 67 / 80 reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0152] In block 1615, UE 115 can identify a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI. Block 1615 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1615 operations can be performed by a power determination component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0153] In block 1620, UE 115 can apply a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI. Block 1620 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1620 operations can be performed by a power compensation component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0154] In block 1625, UE 115 can transmit the uplink transmission based, at least in part, on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power. Block 1625 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1625 operations can be performed by an uplink transmission component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0155] Figure 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a 1700 method for uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 72 / 196 68 / 80 with various aspects of the present invention. The operations of method 1700 can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components, as described in this document. For example, the operations of method 1700 can be performed by a UE transmission manager, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12. In some examples, a UE 115 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 can perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

[0156] In block 1705, UE 115 can receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying an uplink transmission time interval (TTI) that has three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Block 1705 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1705 operations can be performed by a resource allocation component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0157] In block 1710, UE 115 can identify a first frequency resource for transmitting a first subset of OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on uplink resource allocation. Block 1710 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1710 operations can be performed by a frequency resource component, Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 73 / 196 69 / 80 as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0158] In block 1715, UE 115 can identify a second frequency resource for transmitting a second subset of OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on uplink resource allocation. Block 1715 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1715 operations can be performed by a frequency resource component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0159] In block 1720, UE 115 can transmit the uplink transmission using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. Block 1720 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1720 operations can be performed by an uplink transmission component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0160] Figure 18 shows a flowchart illustrating an 1800 method for uplink transmission techniques in low-latency wireless communication systems according to various aspects of the present invention. The operations of the 1800 method can be implemented by a UE 115 or its components, as described in this document. For example, the operations of the 1800 method can be performed by a UE transmission manager, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12. In some examples, a UE 115 can execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 74 / 196 70 / 80 115 can perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

[0161] In block 1805, UE 115 can receive an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying an uplink transmission time interval (TTI) that has three orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Block 1805 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1805 operations can be performed by a resource allocation component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0162] In block 1810, UE 115 can identify a first frequency resource for transmitting a first subset of OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on uplink resource allocation. Block 1810 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1810 operations can be performed by a frequency resource component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0163] In block 1815, UE 115 can identify a second frequency resource for transmitting a second subset of OFDM symbols based, at least in part, on uplink resource allocation. Block 1815 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1815 operations can be performed by a frequency resource component, as described. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 75 / 196 71 / 80 with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0164] In block 1820, UE 115 can identify a first transmission power for the first subset of OFDM symbols, the first subset having two OFDM symbols. Block 1820 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1820 operations can be performed by a power determination component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0165] In block 1825, UE 115 can apply a power shift to the first transmit power to determine a second transmit power for the second subset of OFDM symbols, the second subset having one OFDM symbol. The block 1825 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of the block 1825 operations can be performed by a power compensation component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0166] In block 1830, UE 115 can transmit the uplink transmission using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. Block 1830 operations can be performed according to the methods described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In certain examples, aspects of block 1830 operations can be performed by an uplink transmission component, as described with reference to Figures 9 to 12.

[0167] It should be noted that the methods described above describe possible implementations, and that the operations Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 76 / 196 72 / 80 and the steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects of two or more of the methods can be combined.

[0168] The techniques described in this document can be used for various wireless communication systems, such as code-division multiple access (CDMA), time-division multiple access (TDMA), frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. The terms system and network are generally used interchangeably. A code-division multiple access (CDMA) system may implement a radio technology, such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 may be referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other CDMA variants.A time-division multiple access (TDMA) system can implement a radio technology, such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).

[0169] An orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system can implement a radio technology, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 77 / 196 73 / 80 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTEA) are new versions of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) that utilize E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) are described in documents from an organization called “3rd The "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP), CDMA2000, and UMB are described in documents from an organization called "3rd Generation Partnership Project". The techniques described in this document can be used for the radio systems and technologies mentioned above, as well as other radio systems and technologies. Although aspects of an LTE system may be described for example purposes, LTE or NR terminology may be used throughout much of the description, and the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE and NR applications.

[0170] In LTE / LTE-A networks, including the networks described herein, the term Developed B Node (eNB) may be used to describe base stations. The wireless communication system or systems described herein may include a heterogeneous LTE / LTE-A or NR network, in which different types of Developed B Nodes (eNBs) provide coverage for various geographic regions. For example, each eNB, gNB, or base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other cell types. The term “cell” may be used to describe a base station, a carrier or a component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on the context.

[0171] Base stations may include, or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as, a station. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 78 / 196 74 / 80 base transceiver, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a B Node, an eB Node (eNB), a next-generation B Node (gNB), a Home B Node, an eHome B Node, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area for a base station may be divided into sectors that comprise only a portion of the coverage area. The wireless communication system or systems described herein may include base stations of different types (e.g., small cell or macro cell base stations). The UEs described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations and the like. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas for different technologies.

[0172] A macro cell typically covers a relatively wide geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell may be a lower-power base station compared to a macro cell, which may operate in the same or different frequency bands (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) as macro cells. Small cells may include pico-cells, femto-cells, and micro-cells according to various examples. A pico-cell, for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto-cell may also cover a small geographic area (e.g., domestic) and may provide restricted access by UEs having a membership. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 79 / 196 75 / 80 with the femto-cell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs for home-area users, and similar). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small-cell eNB, a picoeNB, a femto-eNB, or a home-area eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and similar) cells (e.g., component carriers).

[0173] The wireless communication system or systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, base stations may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, base stations may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations may not be time-aligned. The techniques described in this document may be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operations.

[0174] The downlink transmissions described here may also be called forward link transmissions, while the uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions. Each communication link described here – including, for example, the 100 and 200 wireless communication systems of Figures 1 and 2 – may include one or more carriers, where each carrier may be a signal composed of multiple subcarriers (e.g., waveform signals of different frequencies).

[0175] The description presented here, in connection with the attached drawings, describes illustrative configurations and does not represent all possible examples. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 80 / 196 76 / 80 to be implemented within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" used here means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and not "preferred or advantageous in relation to other examples." The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the techniques described. These techniques, however, can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and devices are presented in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the examples described.

[0176] In the attached Figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, several components of the same type may be distinguished by adding a dash to the reference label and a second label that differentiates similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any similar component having the same reference label, regardless of the second reference label.

[0177] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0178] The various illustrative blocks and modules in connection with this disclosure may be implemented Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 81 / 196 77 / 80 or implemented with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other configuration).

[0179] The functions described in this document may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code in a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the invention and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations thereof. The resources implementing functions may also be physically located in multiple distributed positions, such that parts of the functions are implemented in different physical locations. Furthermore, as used in this document, including in the claims, the term "or," when used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items), Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, p. 82 / 196 78 / 80 (a list of items preceded by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”), indicates an inclusive list, such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B). B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present invention. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” should be interpreted in the same way as the phrase “based at least in part on”.

[0180] Computer-readable media include communication media and non-transient computer storage media, including any media that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transient storage medium may be any available media that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.By way of example, and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transient media that can be used to transport or store desired program code media in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is... Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 83 / 196 79 / 80 appropriately termed computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a remote site, server, or other source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of media. Disk or disc, as used in this document, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, wherein disks generally reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with a laser. Combinations of those listed above are also covered by the scope of computer-readable media.

[0181] All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described in this document that are known or will hereafter become known to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference or are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed in this document is intended to be made available to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. The words module, mechanism, element, device, component, and the like cannot be substituted for the word means. Thus, no element of the claim should be interpreted as a means plus function unless the element is expressly mentioned using the phrase means. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 84 / 196 80 / 80 for.

[0182] The above description of the invention is provided to enable one skilled in the art to produce or utilize the invention. Various modifications to the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the invention is not limited to the examples and concepts described herein, but should conform to the broader scope consistent with the innovative principles and features described herein. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 85 / 196

Claims

1 / 3 CLAIMS 1. Method (1600) for wireless communication in an apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: receiving (1605) an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more transmission time slots, TTIs, including a first TTI and a second TTI having different numbers of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, symbols; wherein the two or more TTIs are allocated uplink resources located within a partition of a wireless transmission subframe; identifying (1610) that the first TTI has three OFDM symbols and that the second TTI has two OFDM symbols; identifying (1615) a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI; applying (1620) a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI;wherein the power shift increases a transmit power for the second TTI to compensate for reduced time diversity and achievable bit power of the second TTI relative to the first TTI; and transmit (1625) the uplink transmission based, at least in part, on the first uplink transmit power and the second uplink transmit power.

2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power displacement is received in the allocation Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, page 168 / 196 2 / 3 of uplink resource.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: receiving, prior to receiving the uplink resource allocation, a configuration that identifies the power offset.

4. Wireless communication apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: means for receiving an uplink resource allocation from a base station for an uplink transmission, the uplink resource allocation identifying uplink resources encompassing two or more transmission time slots, TTIs, including a first TTI and a second TTI having different numbers of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols, OFDM; wherein the two or more TTIs are allocated uplink resources located within a partition of a wireless transmission subframe; means for identifying that the first TTI has three OFDM symbols and that the second TTI has two OFDM symbols; means for identifying a first uplink transmission power for the first TTI; means for applying a power offset to the first uplink transmission power to determine a second uplink transmission power for the second TTI;wherein the power shift increases the transmission power to the second TTI to compensate for reduced time diversity and achievable bit power of the second TTI relative to the first TTI; and means for transmitting the uplink transmission based, at least in part, on the first uplink transmission power and the second uplink transmission power.

5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that: power displacement is received in the uplink resource allocation.

6. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises: means for receiving, prior to receiving the uplink resource allocation, a configuration that identifies the power displacement.

7. Memory characterized in that it comprises instructions stored therein, the instructions being executed by a computer to perform the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3. Petition 870240097095, dated 11 / 13 / 2024, pp. 170 / 196

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