Asthma warning / prevention system, non-transient computer readable storage media, and method of warning a person of a possible asthma attack or possible asthma symptoms

Abstract

The invention relates to an asthma warning / prevention system 10 and device 13. The system 10 includes a monitoring module 16 that is configured to receive measurement data for at least one environmental parameter measured by at least one environmental monitoring arrangement 12. The monitoring module 16 uses the measurement data to determine whether the measured environmental parameter (a) exceeds a current upper trigger level for a particular person 113 and, if so, adjusts the current upper trigger level for that person 113, and / or (b) falls below a current lower trigger level for the particular person 113 and, if so, adjusts the current lower trigger level for the person 113. The system 10 may include a body monitoring arrangement 14 that is configured to measure one or more respiratory, physiological and / or biological parameters of the particular person 113.

Description

/ 42 ASTHMA WARNING / PREVENTION SYSTEM, NON-TRANSIENT COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM, AND A METHOD OF WARNING A PERSON AGAINST A POSSIBLE ASTHMA ATTACK OR POSSIBLE ASTHMA SYMPTOMS FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION

[001] This invention relates to an asthma warning / prevention system and device, as well as to a computer program and storage medium for use in such a system and device.

[002] Statistics show that there are around 300 million people worldwide who suffer from asthma, with around 250,000 people dying each year due to this condition.

[003] The most difficult part for asthmatics is preventing any asthma symptoms from occurring, since they don't know when it will reach its trigger level. This is mainly because their senses cannot measure the parameters correctly enough to predict at what point they will show any symptoms. Asthmatics develop their own methods to manage their asthma and, through experience and constant monitoring of their own symptoms, they can realize that their health has reached the reactive or alert stage when action needs to be taken. In some cases, the realization may be too late, which can have life-threatening consequences.

[004] There are some existing technologies that attempt to address this problem. These technologies are summarized below:

[005] The PROPELLER™ device is a mobile device that provides Petition 870250046201, dated 04 / 06 / 2025, page 11 / 24 / 42 a daily asthma prediction, tracks when and why someone has asthma symptoms and provides medication reminders.

[006] The ASTHMA MD™ device is a mobile device that collects anonymous data on asthma attack severity, triggers, times and dates, and sends it to a data management location. The MY ASTHMA MANAGER™ device works in a similar way.

[007] The ASTHMA SENSE™ device records asthma symptoms and triggers. It also sends reminders about medication and asthma measurements. In addition, the device also allows tracking, sharing, and reviewing multiple counts online with an AsthmaSense Cloud.

[008] The so-called WING™ system uses a mobile phone and a non-wearable spirometer to measure peak flow. The system allows for the tracking of symptoms of asthma and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease).

[009] The so-called AIRSONIA™ system uses a cell phone and a digital stethoscope, not wearable, to record breathing sounds in order to detect and measure wheezing.

[0010] The TZOA™ system measures environmental parameters (e.g., air quality) in real time and sends actionable pollution alerts to a user.

[0011] WO 2001 / 9243 describes a wearable device for diagnosing a condition in a user suffering from a respiratory ailment, such as asthma. The device includes a microphone to receive acoustic signals responsive to the user's breathing. The processor is used to analyze the signal in order to determine whether or not medical attention is needed.

[0012] US 2012 / 011624 describes a portable asthma detection device. The device includes a gas detection module that is configured Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 8 / 54 / 42, to analyze a person's breathing condition at any given time. A smartphone is typically connected to the device to display the detection results. The gas detection module can be used to detect chemical elements, certain types of gases, and the concentration of chemical elements in the airflow. The types of gases that could be detected include nitric oxide and carbon dioxide.

[0013] US7850619 describes a system that uses a non-contact microphone to help determine a set of parameters of a user's breathing pattern. Figure 1 of the document shows an example of when this system is being used by a user. In one application, airflow can be analyzed to detect a breathing characteristic during which the lungs undergo a functional change, such as when a person suffers from asthma.

[0014] EP3061391 describes a wearable electronic device comprising: a first sensor configured to sense a movement of the electronic device; a second sensor configured to sense a biological signal for a user wearing the electronic device; and a processor configured to compute a value of the movement of the electronic device using the first sensor, to detect a resting state when the movement value falls within a first predetermined threshold range during a first period of time, and to configure biological information of the user based on a biological signal measured after the detection of the resting state.

[0015] US 20140378777 describes a wearable device that is configured to measure one or more physiological parameters. The physiological parameters are measured through noninvasive detection of one or more analytes in the bloodstream in the subsuperficial vasculature near the wearable device.

[0016] US 20150223731 describes systems, environments, and methods that Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 9 / 54 / 42, assists in the support, anticipation, and identification of adverse health events and / or atypical behavioral episodes, such as autistic behaviors, epileptic seizures, heart attack, stroke, and / or narcoleptic "sleep attacks," using a portable data collection device. In another aspect, the systems, environment, and methods described in this document support the measurement of movements and vibrations associated with recurrent transient physiological states and events using a portable data collection device.

[0017] The paper entitled “Low-Power Wearable Systems for Continuous Monitoring of Environment and Health for Chronic Respiratory Disease”, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Volume: 20, edited: September 5, 2016 (Publication date: May 26, 2016), describes low-power wearable systems for continuous monitoring of environment and health for a chronic respiratory disease.

[0018] US 2014 / 0200423 describes a pulse oximetry device that is mounted on a wristband and fixed to an area above a distal end of the ulna with a dome-shaped structure. This area is used as the measurement area. The measurement is performed by a detector positioned above the fixed area, which detects light emitted by light sources having different wavelengths that are located on the periphery of the fixed area. Consequently, the reflections are measured neither in a reflection mode nor in a transmission mode, but at an angle between 20° and 160° from the emitted light. This mode, called transillumination, allows achieving an excellent signal-to-noise ratio that for the first time allows continuous and reliable measurement of pulse oximetry data.

[0019] WO 2013 / 022911 describes a biotelemetry system for wrist placement. The device of the invention can be portable, tetherless and, in some cases, disposable. The features of the wrist biotelemetry system make it effective in stable, chronic or other medical conditions. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 10 / 54 / 42 emergency. This invention provides an operational biotelemetry device, and / or one that can be used on an extremity such as the wrist.

[0020] US 2014 / 0088881 describes a system, apparatus, and method. The system includes a contact lens that facilitates the collection and / or processing of information associated with sensed features. In one aspect, the system may include a contact lens and an analysis component external to the contact lens. The contact lens may include a substrate; and a circuit, disposed on or within the substrate. The circuit may include: a plurality of sensors configured to sense respective features associated with a contact lens user; and a communication component configured to communicate indicative information of sensed features. The analysis component may be configured to: receive indicative information of the sensed features; and generate statistical information based at least on the indicative information of the sensed features.

[0021] ZA2013 / 00054 describes devices and methods for evaluating a patient. The devices have at least one impedance measuring element functionally connected to a programmable element, programmed to analyze an impedance measurement and provide an evaluation of the patient. Preferably, the device includes an electronic system that assists in calibration, signal acquisition, conditioning, and filtering.

[0022] ZA2014 / 07172 describes a mobile device for analyzing breath samples, comprising (a) at least one mouthpiece provided with at least one inlet opening to allow a person to inhale and exhale respectively through the mouthpiece, (b) at least one air filter connected to the mouthpiece to filter ambient air to be inhaled by the person, and (c) at least one analysis compartment connected to the mouthpiece outlet opening and provided with at least one chemical trace detector. The chemical trace detector comprises: at least one semiconductor sensor; at least one heating element to heat the semiconductor sensor; by Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, p. 11 / 54 / 42 less a processor to control the heating element; and a detection circuit to detect the change in the resistance of the semiconductor sensor that is at least partially determined by the presence of at least one chemical trace that reacts in the presence of the semiconductor sensor.

[0023] ZA2014 / 01107 describes a portable integrated self-contained rechargeable arrangement with an AC-DC DC battery system mounted within an instrument case to house a folding keyboard, a monitor, and a plurality of medical test and treatment modules. This optionally includes a suitable DC-AC inverter to supply AC power. The system includes at least one USB port for adding external test and treatment modules on an ad hoc basis.It also includes interface, input, processing, output of full duplex data information and communications to and from sensors, transducers, networks and other modules, devices and subsystems for generating or consuming data / information. It is also known by these three registered trademarks “Hospital in a box”, RK Ruskat (Stylised) and SCOMET.

[0024] WO2016 / 123047 describes an ultrasonic communication system and method that provides a network framework for wearable devices based on ultrasonic communications. The ultrasonic communication system and method incorporates a set of physical, data link, network layer, and application functionalities that can flexibly adapt to application and system requirements to efficiently distribute information between wearable ultrasonic devices.

[0025] WO2016 / 126282 describes a method and technology for displaying 3D graphical output to a user using body sensor data and personal medical data in real time.

[0026] WO2017 / 11735 (Non-Invasive Measurement Ambulatory (Blood Pressure): This document provides systems and methods by which data acquisition devices detect and capture blood pressure. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 12 / 54 / 42 radial arterial blood in the laboratory in a continuous non-invasive manner and through the combined use of tonometry, accelerometry, and photoplethysmography, along with the detection and translation of Mayer waves. The transformed blood pressure data, together with movement and contextual data, can be used as input for machine learning algorithms and biomathematical models that can predict an individual's overall health status. The transformed blood pressure data, together with movement and contextual data, can be communicated wirelessly via mobile devices and / or cloud-based platforms.

[0027] US 2014 / 0257058 describes a system that has a sensor that measures and senses physiological condition and generates or acquires sensor data. The computing device processes a portion of the data and generates diagnostic data based on the sensor data. A user interface is configured for user interaction. The device receives input data from a remote data resource over a network, for example, an intranet. The resource comprises a medical database comprising medical and health record data. Diagnostic data is generated based on the user input data portion and user interaction with the device and the sensor.

[0028] In US 7,314,451 a method is provided for predicting the onset of an asthma attack. The method includes sensing at least one parameter of a subject without contacting or seeing the subject or clothing the subject is wearing, and predicting the onset of the asthma attack at least partly responsively to the sensed parameter. A method is also provided for predicting the onset of an episode associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), including sensing at least one parameter of a subject without contacting or seeing the subject or clothing the subject is wearing, and predicting the onset of the episode at least partly responsively to the sensed parameter. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 13 / 54 / 42

[0029] US 9,131,902 (Prediction and Monitoring of Clinical Episodes). This document describes an apparatus and method, including an apparatus for predicting the onset of a clinical episode. The apparatus includes a sensor, configured to sense at least one parameter of a subject substantially continuously for a period of at least one hour, and a control unit, configured to predict, at least one hour before the onset of the clinical episode, the onset of the episode at least partly responsively to the sensed parameter.

[0030] US 9,215,980 describes a cardiac monitoring system for one person that includes one or more wireless nodes; and a device wearable in communication with one or more wireless nodes, the device monitoring vital signs.

[0031] US 9,526,429 describes an apparatus, system, and method for monitoring a person suffering from a chronic medical condition, and which predicts and evaluates physiological changes that could affect the care of that person. Examples of such chronic diseases include heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and diabetes. Monitoring includes measurements of respiratory movements, which can then be analyzed for evidence of changes in respiratory rate, or for events such as hypopneas, apneas, and periodic breathing. Monitoring can be augmented by measuring nocturnal heart rate along with respiratory monitoring. Additional physiological measurements can also be made, such as subjective symptom data, blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, and various molecular markers.

[0032] US 8,734,360 describes an apparatus and methods for use with a subject undergoing respiration. A motion sensor senses the movement of a subject. A respiratory pattern analysis unit analyzes the components of the sensed movement that result in Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 14 / 54 / 42 of the subject's breathing. The respiratory pattern analysis unit includes dual-movement respiratory cycle pattern identification functionality that designates respiratory cycles as dual-movement respiratory cycles (DMRCs), determining that the cycles define two subcycles. The dual-movement respiratory cycle event identification functionality of the respiratory pattern analysis unit identifies a DMRC event by detecting that the subject has gone through a plurality of DMRCs. An output is generated that is indicative of the subject having used accessory muscles in breathing, in response to the dual-movement respiratory cycle event identification.

[0033] US 8,734,360 describes an ambulatory medical device that has a signal receiver, configured to receive a physiological signal, to detect a target physiological event or condition of a patient. A confounding event detector determines the presence of a confounding event, different from the target event or condition, from at least one confounding event carrier signal. A signal processing circuit segments the physiological signal into at least two segments, and tunes at least one of the segments.

[0034] EP 2 393 422 provides a system for early clinical detection of changes to enable clinical intervention and improve the detection of clinical deterioration in heart failure since the subject's health assessment is determined by selectively matching the subject's respiratory features. Consequently, the system provides accurate, cost-effective, and convenient measurement and analysis of physiological parameters. The system can measure respiratory patterns over an extended period of time convenient for the patient.

[0035] EP 2 923 346 describes a medical monitoring system. The medical monitoring system has a wearable monitoring device that serves to monitor a physiological parameter of a subject. A Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 15 / 54 / 42: The wireless transceiver unit communicates with the wearable monitoring device via wireless communication using a communication module. The wireless transceiver unit communicates a medical alert signal and an electrically transmitted embedded physiological parameter measurement from the wearable monitoring device to a remote monitoring station via wireless, wired, and / or optical communication.

[0036] EP 3 185 766 describes devices, systems, and methods for detecting anatomical or physiological features. The system has a detection device to detect data corresponding to the anatomical or physiological feature and transmit the data. The data portal device receives the data from the detection device and transmits the data. A networked or local computer system receives the data from the data portal device. The networked or local computer system generates a diagnosis related to the anatomical or physiological feature based on the data and provides the diagnosis as an output.

[0037] EP 3 120 758 describes a system that has an intelligent device paired in a communication protocol with a biomedical device. A communication hub receives communication containing a data value from the biomedical device and transmits the communication to a content server, where the content server processes the data value and stored data values ​​to predict the need for action regarding a user's medical condition. A communication link is established between the system and an external node, where the external node comprises a medical specialist, a piece of automated dosing equipment, and an emergency care provider.

[0038] GB 2 425 180 describes a monitoring device comprising sensors, a processor and a transceiver. The sensors record physiological information from the user in real time. The processor Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, p. 16 / 54 / 42 processes information to derive secondary physiological information such as rates and periodicity, and processes at least two items of physiological or secondary information in real time to derive a wellness indication of at least two levels including abnormal and normal. The transceiver wirelessly communicates the wellness indication to a mobile communications device, which forwards it to a remote monitoring station for review and evaluation.

[0039] None of the aforementioned inventions, however, take into account that each of a person's asthma triggers is unique and may be influenced by the environment to which the person has been previously exposed. In other words, historical environmental conditions to which a person has been exposed may have an influence on the person's individual asthma triggers.

[0040] The inventor wishes to address at least some of the problems mentioned above. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0041] According to a first aspect of the invention, an asthma warning / prevention system is provided which includes: A monitoring module that is configured to: to receive measurement data for at least one environmental parameter measured by at least one environmental monitoring arrangement; To use the environmental parameter measurement data in order to determine whether the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper trigger level for a particular person and, if so, adjust the current upper trigger level for that person, and / or falls below a current lower trigger level for the particular person and, if so, adjust the current lower trigger level for the person. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 17 / 54 / 42

[0042] A “module”, in the context of the specification, includes an identifiable portion of code, computational or executable instructions, or a computational object to achieve a particular function, operation, processing, or procedure. A module may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0043] When asthmatics are subjected to certain undesirable environmental conditions, this can lead to an asthma attack. These environmental conditions are typically determined by measuring one or more environmental parameters. The term “environmental parameters,” in this specification, refers to environmental parameters that, when measured, can provide an indication of how and whether the environment is unfavorable for asthmatics (i.e., conducive to an asthma attack).

[0044] The monitoring module can be configured, when the measured environmental parameter exceeds the current upper trigger level for the person, to adjust the current upper trigger level to a lower level.

[0045] The monitoring module can be configured to receive measurement data from a plurality of environmental parameters measured by one or more environmental monitoring arrays.

[0046] The monitoring module can be further configured to use the measurement data of the environmental parameters in order to determine, for each environmental parameter, whether the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper trigger level for the specific environmental parameter for the particular person and, if so, adjust said current upper trigger level for that person, and / or falls below a current lower trigger level for the specific environmental parameter for the particular person and, if so, adjust said current lower trigger level for the person. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 18 / 54 / 42

[0047] The monitoring module can be configured to: determine when the measured environmental parameter is approaching the upper trigger level and generate / initiate a warning message / signal in order to warn the particular person; and / or determine when the measured environmental parameter is approaching the lower trigger level and generate / initiate a warning message / signal in order to warn the particular person.

[0048] The monitoring module can be configured to use a prediction algorithm (i.e., implemented in software and executed by a processor) that predicts a future value of the environmental parameter. The monitoring module can also be configured to generate / initiate a warning message / signal to alert the individual when: The monitoring module predicts that the upper trigger level may be reached soon; and / or the monitoring module predicts that the lower trigger level may be reached soon.

[0049] The system may include a database in which the current upper trigger level and / or the current lower trigger level of the particular person is stored. The monitoring module may be configured to store the adjusted current upper trigger level and / or the adjusted current lower trigger level in the database. Preferably, for each of a plurality of persons, a current upper trigger level and / or a current lower trigger level for the environmental parameter may be stored in the database.

[0050] The monitoring module can be configured to receive measurement data from a plurality of environmental monitoring arrays. Each environmental monitoring array can be associated with Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 19 / 54 / 42 a particular person whose current upper trigger level and / or current lower trigger level is / are stored in the database, and the measurement data received from each environmental monitoring arrangement may be for at least one environmental parameter measured by said environmental monitoring arrangement. The monitoring module must then be configured to determine, for each person, whether the measured environmental parameter associated with that person exceeds a current upper trigger level for that particular person and, if so, adjust said current upper trigger level and store it in the database, and / or falls below a current lower trigger level for that particular person and, if so, adjust said current lower trigger level and store it in the database.

[0051] The system may include an environmental monitoring array. The environmental monitoring array may form part of a portable device that is separate from the monitoring module. The environmental monitoring array may then be configured to send measurement data of at least one measured environmental parameter through it, via a communication link / network, to the monitoring module.

[0052] The system may include a plurality of environmental monitoring arrays. One or more of the environmental monitoring arrays may be fixed in a particular location. A plurality of environmental monitoring arrays may be fixed in various geographical locations.

[0053] The system may include a wearable asthma warning device that is associated with the particular person and that is, in use, warned by the person.

[0054] The wearable asthma warning device may incorporate the monitoring module. In a preferred alternative embodiment, the Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 20 / 54 / 42: A wearable asthma warning device can be configured to communicate with the monitoring module via a communication link / network. The wearable asthma warning device can therefore be separate / remote from the monitoring arrangement.

[0055] The monitoring module can be configured to determine when the measured environmental parameter is approaching the current upper trigger level and to send a warning message / signal to the wearable asthma warning device via the communication link / network. The wearable asthma warning device can be configured to warn the individual by triggering a visual, vibratory and / or audible warning when it receives the warning message / signal from the monitoring module.

[0056] The wearable asthma warning device may be in the form of a smart bracelet.

[0057] The environmental parameter can be any of the following: Ozone (O3); sulfur dioxide (SO2); carbon monoxide (CO); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); particulate matter; relative humidity; temperature; smoke; animal dander; airborne viral particles; dust; and pollen.

[0058] The system may include an environmental monitoring arrangement. The environmental monitoring arrangement may include a sensor to measure the environmental parameter. The environmental monitoring arrangement may be configured to measure a plurality of different environmental monitoring parameters. The environmental monitoring arrangement may include a plurality of sensors that are configured to measure a plurality of different environmental parameters. Environmental parameters may include any two or more of the following: Ozone (O3); sulfur dioxide (SO2); carbon monoxide (CO); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); particulate matter; relative humidity; temperature; smoke; animal dander; Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 21 / 54 / 42 airborne viral particles; dust; and pollen.

[0059] The current higher trigger level may, before adjustment, be based on one or more personal factors of the particular individual. Personal factors may refer to the user's demographic data. Demographic data may include the individual's age, sex, and / or race.

[0060] The monitoring module can be configured to implement an algorithm in order to calculate the current upper trigger level based on at least historical measurements of the environmental parameter and / or one or more personal factors of the particular individual. The monitoring module may include a processor and software that is stored in a database. The processor, along with the software, can be configured to implement the algorithm.

[0061] The wearable asthma warning device may include a heart rate monitor / monitoring array that is configured to measure the person's heart rate. The heart rate monitor / monitoring array may be configured to send the measured heart rate to the monitoring module via a communication network. The monitoring module may be configured to warn the person, while wearing the wearable asthma warning device, when his / her heart rate is approaching a higher heart rate trigger level. For example, the monitoring module may send a warning signal / message to the wearable asthma warning device. The wearable asthma warning device may be configured to trigger / initiate / execute a visual, vibratory and / or audible warning in order to warn the particular person.

[0062] The system may include a body monitoring arrangement that is configured to measure one or more respiratory, physiological and / or biological parameters of the particular person. The warning device Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, p. 22 / 54 / 42, states that a wearable asthma device may include a body monitoring arrangement. The body monitoring arrangement may include a mouthpiece to allow a person to inhale and / or exhale through it. The body monitoring arrangement may be configured to measure any one or more of the following respiratory / physiological / biological parameters: Airflow during an exhalation, when the person exhales through the mouthpiece; biological oxygen saturation; heart rate; and blood pressure.

[0063] Air flow can be measured by differential pressure sensor(s). More specifically, air flow can be measured by differential pressure measurements analyzed by differential pressure transducer sensors.

[0064] The monitoring module can be configured to analyze, or determine the presence of one or more asthma symptoms using data / information on one or more measured respiratory / physiological / biological parameters.

[0065] The monitoring module can be configured to analyze, or determine the presence of one or more asthma symptoms using data / information on one or more measured respiratory / physiological / biological parameters. The monitoring module can be configured to trigger an alert if it determines that one or more asthma symptoms are present. The alert can be sent to the user's own wearable asthma warning device.

[0066] Alternatively, the body monitoring array can be configured to analyze, or determine the presence of one or more asthma symptoms using data / information on one or more measured respiratory / physiological / biological parameters. The body monitoring array can be configured to trigger an alert if it determines that Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 23 / 54 / 42 one or more asthma symptoms are present.

[0067] The monitoring module can be configured to send a request to the particular person's wearable asthma warning device requesting the body monitoring arrangement to measure one or more of the person's respiratory / physiological / biological parameters when it determines that a measured environmental parameter exceeds the current upper trigger level for that particular person.

[0068] The monitoring module can be configured, if the body monitoring array determines that no asthma symptom(s) are present, to adjust the current upper trigger level for the particular environmental parameter to a higher level for the particular person. The monitoring module can be configured, if the body monitoring array determines that asthma symptom(s) are present, to adjust the current upper trigger level for the particular environmental parameter to a lower level for the particular person.

[0069] The wearable asthma warning device may include a body or fastening arrangement to make the device attachable to a part of a person's body. The body part may be an arm / wrist. The fastening arrangement may therefore include a wristband.

[0070] The wearable asthma warning device may include a communication module that is configured to provide / establish communication between the wearable asthma warning device and the monitoring module.

[0071] The device may include a communication module that is configured to provide / establish communication between the wearable asthma warning device and the monitoring module.

[0072] The communication module can be configured to send information about: the environmental parameter measured; Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 24 / 54 / 42 the physiological / respiratory parameter; A result from the analysis of one or more asthma symptoms; and / or if the current upper trigger level has been exceeded, to the monitoring module.

[0073] According to a second aspect of the invention, a wearable asthma warning / prevention device is provided that includes: a monitoring module that is configured to: to receive measurement data for at least one environmental parameter measured by at least one environmental monitoring arrangement; and to use the measurement data for the environmental parameter in order to determine whether the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper trigger level for a particular person and, if so, adjust the current upper trigger level for the person, and / or falls below a current lower trigger level for the particular person and, if so, adjust the current lower trigger level for the person.

[0074] The device may include an environmental monitoring arrangement that is configured to measure the environmental parameter to which the person using the device is exposed.

[0075] The device may include a wristband. The device may be a smart wristband.

[0076] The device may include a body monitoring arrangement that is configured to measure one or more respiratory, physiological and / or biological parameters of the particular person using the device.

[0077] The device may include a mouthpiece to allow a person to inhale and / or exhale through it. The body monitoring arrangement may be configured to measure one or more respiratory, physiological and / or biological parameters when the person exhales through the mouthpiece. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, p. 25 / 54 / 42

[0078] According to a third aspect of the invention, a computer program is provided which, when executed by a processor / computing device, is configured to: to receive measurement information / data from at least one environmental monitoring arrangement, where the measurement information / data relates to at least one environmental parameter to which a particular person is subjected; and to determine, using received information / data, whether the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper trigger level for the particular person and, if so, adjust the current upper trigger level for the particular person, and / or falls below a current lower trigger level for the particular person and, if so, adjust the current lower trigger level for the particular person.

[0079] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a non-transient, computer-readable storage medium is provided in which the computer program, according to the third aspect of the invention, is stored.

[0080] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, an asthma warning / prevention device / system is provided which includes a database and the computer program according to the third aspect of the invention, which is stored in the database.

[0081] According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a portable asthma warning apparatus / device is provided which includes: an environmental monitoring arrangement that is configured to measure at least one environmental parameter to which a person using the device may be exposed; and a monitoring module that is configured to use data from Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 26 / 54 / 42 environmental monitoring arrangement on the environmental parameter in order to determine whether the measured environmental parameter (i) exceeds a current upper trigger level for the particular person and / or (ii) falls below a current lower trigger level for the particular person, wherein the current upper trigger level and / or the current lower trigger level is / are custom trigger level(s) that is / were calculated / determined for the specific person.

[0082] The device may include a wearable device incorporating the monitoring module.

[0083] According to a seventh aspect of the invention, an asthma warning / prevention system is provided which includes: A monitoring module that is configured to: receive measurement data for one or more environmental parameters; and use the measurement data in order to determine whether the measured environmental parameter (i) exceeds a current upper trigger level for a particular person and / or (ii) falls below a current lower trigger level for the particular person, where the trigger level is a custom trigger level that is / was calculated for the particular person.

[0084] According to an eighth aspect of the invention, a method is provided for warning a person against a possible asthma attack or possible asthma symptoms, wherein the method includes: to receive measurement data for at least one environmental parameter to which a particular person is subjected; Use the environmental parameter measurement data to determine if the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper trigger level for the Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, p. 27 / 54 / 42 particular person and, if so, adjust the current upper trigger level, and / or falls below a current lower trigger level for the particular person and, if so, adjust the current lower trigger level.

[0085] The environmental parameter can be received from an environmental monitoring arrangement that is uploaded / used by the particular person.

[0086] The method may include: To receive real-time measurement data of one or more respiratory, physiological and / or biological parameters that are associated with the particular person; and using a processor, to determine the presence of one or more asthma symptoms using the measurement data of one or more measured respiratory / physiological / biological parameters.

[0087] The method may include, when it is determined that the measured environmental parameter exceeds the current upper trigger level or falls below a current lower trigger level, sending a request to a particular person's wearable device requesting that the person use a body monitoring arrangement of the device to measure one or more respiratory / physiological / biological parameters.

[0088] The method may include, when no asthma symptoms are determined to be present, adjusting the current upper trigger level for the particular environmental parameter to a higher level for the particular person.

[0089] The method may include, when one or more asthma symptoms are determined to be present, adjusting the current upper trigger level for the particular environmental parameter to a lower level for the particular person. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 28 / 54 / 42 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0090] The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrams. In the drawings: Figure 1a shows a schematic representation of the asthma warning / prevention system according to the invention; Figure 1b shows a schematic functional representation of the system in Figure 1a. Figure 1c shows another schematic representation of the system in Figure 1a; Figure 2a shows a graphical illustration of: a particular environmental parameter (e.g., temperature) to which a user of a conventional asthma warning device is subjected over time; the various trigger levels for the user of the particular environmental parameter; and how a warning from the conventional asthma warning device influences the trigger levels; Figure 2b shows a graphical illustration of: a particular environmental parameter (e.g., temperature) to which a user of a wearable / portable device that forms part of the system in Figure 1a is subjected over time; the various levels of triggering for the user of the particular environmental parameter; and how a warning / prediction from the device influences the triggering levels; Figure 3 shows a graphical illustration of a particular environmental parameter to which a user of a wearable / portable device that forms part of the system in Figure 1a is subjected over time, and how a prediction algorithm embedded in the device can warn a user before a higher trigger level is reached; Figure 4 shows another graphical illustration of an environmental parameter in the form of ambient temperature to which a user of a wearable / portable device that forms part of the system in Figure 1a is subjected. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 29 / 54 / 42 submitted with the timing and how a prediction algorithm embedded in the device can warn a user before a higher trigger level is reached; Figures 5 and 6 show a graphic illustration of how different people may have different levels of triggering for different environmental parameters; Figure 6 shows a simplified flowchart illustrating the general operation of the device in Figure 1a; Figure 7a shows a table that presents an example of certain triggering limits for environmental parameters that can be measured by the device in Figure 1a; Figure 7b shows a table that presents an example of certain limits for respiratory parameters that can be measured by the system in Figure 1a; Figure 8 shows a table listing numerous sensors that could be used to measure different environmental, respiratory, and cardiovascular parameters; Figure 9 shows a schematic illustration of a location map; Figure 10 shows a schematic illustration of a globalized map; Figure 11 shows a three-dimensional view of a user-wearable device that forms part of the system; Figure 12 shows a schematic three-dimensional view of where a person uses and operates the user-wearable device shown in Figure 11; Figure 13a shows a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the asthma warning / prevention system illustrated in Figure 1a; Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 30 / 54 / 42 Figure 13b shows a schematic functional representation of the system in Figure 13a. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED MODALITIES

[0091] The present invention relates to an asthma warning / prevention system. The system includes an asthma warning device that can typically be carried / used by asthmatics. The system is typically configured to calculate personal environmental trigger levels for each individual using the device and is adjusted when the individual is exposed to certain environmental parameters / conditions that exceed their associated trigger levels.

[0092] In one example, the device can be worn on a person's arm (similar to a bracelet). The device may therefore include a fastening mechanism, such as a strap, that can wrap around a person's wrist in order to secure it. In other words, the device could be a smart bracelet.

[0093] In Figures 1a-c, reference number 10 refers generally to the asthma warning / prevention system according to the invention. The system 10 typically includes a central processing / monitoring server / station 11 and a plurality of user-wearable / portable devices 13 that are used / carried by different people (e.g., asthmatics) who form part of, or are associated with, the system 10.

[0094] The monitoring station 11 typically includes a monitoring module 16, a communication module 17, and a database 19. Modules 16 and 17 are implemented by a processor 15 and appropriate software that is stored in the database 19.

[0095] Each device 13 includes an environmental monitoring arrangement 12, a body monitoring arrangement 14, and a communication module 18. The communication module 18 is implemented by a Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 31 / 54 / 42 processor 21. In a somewhat alternative embodiment, the environmental monitoring arrangement 12 may not be included in the device 13 itself, and may therefore be separate from it. In other words, the environmental monitoring arrangement 12 may be carried separately from the device 13 (for example, the device 13 may be worn on a person's wrist, while the environmental monitoring arrangement 12 may form part of a separate device that is also carried by the person). This alternative embodiment is described in more detail later in the specification, with reference to Figures 13a and b.

[0096] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, each device 13 can be in the form of a smart bracelet as illustrated. In this example, the device 13 includes a band 50 for securing the device 13 around a person's wrist (or arm), a housing / housing portion 52, and a display screen 54 that is provided on an upper / front face of the housing portion 52. The housing portion 52 typically houses the processor 21 and communication module 18. Furthermore, the housing portion 52 may also house part of the body monitoring arrangement 14. The environmental monitoring arrangement 12 may also be in the housing portion 52.

[0097] The environmental monitoring array 12 includes a plurality of sensors. Each sensor is typically configured to measure a specific environmental parameter that may potentially have an effect on an asthmatic's asthmatic condition. In other words, the environmental monitoring array 12 includes a plurality of sensors that are configured to measure a plurality of environmental parameters. The sensors of the environmental monitoring array 12 may, more specifically, be configured to measure the following environmental parameters: Ozone (O3); sulfur dioxide (SO2); Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 32 / 54 / 42 carbon monoxide (CO); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); relative humidity; temperature; air / barometric pressure; smoke; animal fur; airborne viral particles; dust; and / or pollen.

[0098] Reference in this regard is made to Figure 8, which lists numerous sensors that could be used to measure some of the environmental parameters mentioned earlier.

[0099] The body monitoring array 14 includes a plurality of sensors. Each sensor is typically configured to measure a specific respiratory or cardiovascular parameter that may potentially have an effect on an asthmatic or be indicative of an asthma condition / attack or an impending attack. In other words, the body monitoring array 14 includes a plurality of sensors that are configured to measure a plurality of respiratory and cardiovascular parameters. The sensors of the body monitoring array 14 may, more specifically, be configured to measure the following respiratory or cardiovascular parameters: Airflow rate (e.g., during inhalation using a peak flow meter or spirometer device); heart rate; Oxygen saturation (e.g., using a pulse oximeter); and / or blood pressure.

[00100] Reference in this regard is made to Figure 8 which lists a Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 33 / 54 / 42 number of sensors that could be used to measure some of the respiratory or cardiovascular parameters mentioned above. It will be noted from Figure 8 that airflow can be measured by differential pressure measurements analyzed by differential pressure transducer sensors.

[00101] As shown in Figure 11, the device 13 includes a mouthpiece 56 into which a person 113 can blow / breathe. This then allows the sensors of the body monitoring arrangement 14, which require a breath from the person to capture / sens a particular respiratory or cardiovascular parameter(s), to capture the respiratory or cardiovascular parameter(s) when a person blows / breathes into the mouthpiece 56. The mouthpiece 56, therefore, forms part of the body monitoring arrangement 14.

[00102] Oxygen saturation, heart rate, and / or blood pressure can be measured in arterial blood flowing through the wrist area. This can be done by the 58 sensors shown in Figure 11, which form part of the body monitoring array 14. In this example, the 58 sensors are fixed to band 50 and located opposite the display screen. In one example, the sensor used is an SFH 7060 optical sensor developed by Osram. The SFH 7060 optical sensor consists of three green LEDs, one red LED, one infrared LED, and a large-format photodiode, which is optically separated from the emitters by an opaque barrier. It works by shining light onto the skin. Different amounts of this light are absorbed by the blood and surrounding tissue. The light that is not absorbed is reflected back to the detector. Absorption measurements with different wavelengths are used to determine heart rate and blood oxygen saturation level.

[00103] Each device 13 is typically configured to send measurement data on the measured environmental parameters (measured by the environmental monitoring array 12) to the monitoring station 11 by Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 34 / 54 / 42 via a wireless communication network 110 (e.g., a mobile telecommunications network), using communication module 18. Furthermore, each device can also send measurement data on the measured respiratory or cardiovascular parameters to the monitoring station 11 via the wireless communication network 110. Each device 13 preferably sends the measurement data on the measured environmental parameters on a regular / uninterrupted / continuous basis to the monitoring station 11. Each device 13 can send the measurement data on the measured respiratory or cardiovascular parameters on a regular / uninterrupted / continuous basis to the monitoring station or, alternatively, upon receiving a request from the monitoring station 11.

[00104] Each device 13 includes a battery, preferably a rechargeable battery, to provide power to it (i.e., all its components). Device 13 typically includes a power outlet to allow the battery to be recharged.

[00105] In the alternative embodiment illustrated in Figures 13a&b, the environmental monitoring arrangement 12 may not be included in the device 13 itself and may therefore be separate from it. In other words, the environmental monitoring arrangement 12 may be carried separately from the device 13 (for example, the device 13 may be worn on a person's wrist, while the environmental monitoring arrangement 12 may form part of a separate device that is also carried by the person). The system 10 may include a portable power bank 120 to recharge an internal rechargeable battery of the device. In the example shown in Figures 12a&b, the power bank 120 and the environmental monitoring arrangement 12 may be incorporated into a portable device 122 that can be carried by a user. The portable device 122 will then also include a communication module 124 to send measurement data on the parameters. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 35 / 54 / 42 measured environmental data (measured by environmental monitoring arrangement 12) to monitoring station 11 via a wireless communication network 110. Power bank 120 may be a solar charging power bank.

[00106] Monitoring module 16 is configured to include a custom trigger set for each user 113 associated with system 10 (i.e., each user 113 who uses / carries a device 13). The trigger sets are saved in database 19. The trigger set typically includes one or more trigger levels for at least one, preferably at least a plurality of, ideally each of the environmental and respiratory / cardiovascular parameters that are measured by the sensors of the monitoring array 12, 14. It will be noted that, for some environmental / respiratory / cardiovascular parameters, it is important to ensure that the measured values ​​do not exceed a certain upper limit / maximum level.

[00107] In this case, the trigger set for a specific environmental parameter may include a maximum trigger / alert limit. Preferably, the trigger set includes an upper trigger limit as well as a maximum trigger / alert limit (which is greater than the upper trigger limit) for the particular measured environmental parameter. In other cases, it may be important to ensure that the measured value of the environmental parameter does not fall below a certain lower / minimum limit / level. There will, however, also be cases where the measured value of an environmental parameter needs to fall within a certain range (i.e., less than a maximum value and greater than a minimum value). If the measured environmental parameters do not fall within a desired range (e.g., below an upper trigger limit or above a minimum value), Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 36 / 54 / 42 lower trigger limit), then the environmental condition is such that it can induce an asthma attack.

[00108] Monitoring module 22 is therefore configured to send a warning message to user device 113 when any of the triggers are triggered. Device 13 may typically include a speaker and / or vibration feature. The speaker, vibration and / or display screen feature 54 may be used by device 13's processor 21 to warn user 113 upon receipt of the warning message.

[00109] In a similar manner, upper and / or lower symptom (trigger) thresholds / levels are also implemented for respiratory or cardiovascular parameters, depending on the specific parameter being measured.

[00110] The operation of system 10 is now described in more detail with reference to Figure 1c. As mentioned, each user 113 has their own personalized trigger set derived from their individual demographic data (e.g., age, sex, and race) (see block 100). Initial tests / diagnostics can be performed on each user 113 in order to establish an initial personalized trigger set for them.

[00111] Monitoring module 16 checks on a regular / uninterrupted / continuous basis all the various environmental parameters (e.g., ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, relative humidity, temperature, dust and pollen) received from each device 13 (see block 102). In addition, monitoring module 22 also analyzes / checks, in certain cases (see further below), the various respiratory or cardiovascular parameters (e.g., airflow, biological oxygen saturation, blood pressure and heart rate) (see block 104).

[00112] More specifically, monitoring module 16 uses Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 37 / 54 / 42, algorithm(s) 101 in order to evaluate trigger levels / thresholds and symptom levels / thresholds (see block 106) for each user 113. When an environmental parameter is measured above its trigger level for user 113 and no asthma symptom is recorded (i.e., no symptom triggering occurs), the specific trigger level is increased. If, however, an asthma symptom is recorded (for example, one of the symptom trigger thresholds / thresholds is exceeded (after measurement by one of the sensors)), then the specific trigger level / threshold is decreased. The reason for the decrease is that user 113, as a result of exposure to the specific environmental condition (at a particular level), may now be more susceptible to future exposures in the same environmental condition.In other words, the trigger level at which asthma symptoms occur, when subjected to the particular environmental condition, is now lower. The algorithm 101 is then also used by the device processor 10 to predict when an asthma attack will occur (see block 108), in light of environmental and / or respiratory / cardiovascular measurements, and when treatment or action is needed to manage the asthmatic's health (see block 110).

[00113] It should be clear that if the trigger level / threshold can be adjusted for a particular user 113, the processor processes the user's personal trigger level / threshold data (see reference number 112) and stores it in the database 19.

[00114] In one example, when an environmental parameter is measured above its trigger level for a particular user 113, then a request is sent to the associated device 13, requesting that the respiratory or cardiovascular parameters for the user 113 be measured and sent back. The device 13 then makes the required measurements using its body monitoring arrangement 14 and sends the measurement data to the monitoring station 11. The monitoring module 16 Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, pp. 38 / 54 / 42, then analyzes the data in order to determine if user 113 presents any asthma symptoms.

[00115] As shown in Figures 5a-d, each person will have a unique set of personalized trigger levels, for example, one for heart rate, one for temperature, and one for air quality. For example, a person suffering from asthma may be more susceptible to higher ambient temperatures than another. The trigger set is effectively used as a personalized measurement tool in order to predict when the specific user 113 needs to manage their health.

[00116] Algorithm 101 also provides for the adjustment of triggering levels according to a weighted system. The weighted system takes into account all parameters and how each parameter influences the next, in order to produce a more accurate real-time triggering level.

[00117] Physical activity, strong emotions, and stress are triggers for asthma. To measure these parameters, the user's heart rate 113 can be measured to determine the level of these triggers. In other words, if the user's heart rate exceeds 160 bpm, for example, then it could trigger an asthma attack. The monitoring module can then implement a higher trigger level of 140 bpm to warn the user 113 in advance. Extreme temperatures can also be a trigger for asthma. Therefore, a real-time temperature measurement is needed to monitor the level. In these cases, heart rate data and / or temperature data can be sent regularly / uninterruptedly / continuously to the monitoring station 11 for processing.

[00118] Airborne substances and air pollutants are both triggers for asthma. In order to measure the level of these parameters, the following airborne particles should be measured: pollen, dust, Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, p. 39 / 54 / 42 animal hair, ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and smoke.

[00119] The predictive nature of device 10 will now be described more specifically in relation to Figures 3 and 4. Once a customized trigger set is established for a specific user 113, the algorithm can predict when user 113 will begin to show asthma symptoms. Each trigger can have a lower, upper, and alert threshold, thus establishing a preventive, reactive, and alert stage. The graph in Figure 4 illustrates when a user 113 is undergoing a temperature change by collecting real-time temperature data. Through previous data and algorithm predictions, it is predicted that user 113 will exhibit asthma symptoms at the lower and upper trigger thresholds, and will exhibit severe asthma symptoms at the alert trigger threshold.

[00120] It is shown from the real-time data that at point 1 (current time point) user 113 is experiencing an increasing temperature change. The algorithm calculates the rate at which the temperature is changing and predicts that the temperature will reach the upper trigger limit at point 2 if the temperature continues to increase at the same rate. If the temperature reaches the upper limit, then user 113 will most likely begin to exhibit asthma symptoms.

[00121] Monitoring station 11 then sends a warning to device 13 in order to warn user 113 that the upper trigger limit will be reached in 10 min. At point 1, user 113 is currently in the preventive stage and would be able to prevent asthma symptoms by taking action (e.g., changing the environment or reducing physical activity). Figure 3 also illustrates this predictive nature of device 10.

[00122] Reference is now made specifically to Figures 2a-b. A Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 40 / 54 / 42 In order to prevent any asthma symptoms from occurring, user 113 needs to know their trigger limits and be able to monitor these limits in real time. System 10 allows user 113 to do exactly that. System 10 calculates a unique personal trigger level(s) for each user 113, thus making the monitoring of trigger levels more accurate. The graphs illustrated in Figures 2a-b indicate two scenarios in which a user 113 is exposed to a certain environment.

[00123] Figure 2a shows how a person will react to the exposed environment by monitoring their own symptoms. Figure 2b, on the other hand, shows how a person will react using system 10. At point 1 in both graphs, the person is exposed to an environment above their trigger level / threshold (e.g., temperature or another environmental parameter). Prolonged exposure above this trigger level / threshold can therefore have a negative (irreversible) effect on their health, and the trigger level will drop. This means the person will now experience symptoms sooner than expected due to the reduced trigger level.

[00124] In Figure 2a, user 113 is unaware of the actual trigger level at point 'a' and only begins to react near the original trigger level at point 'b'. Therefore, exposure to the harmful environment further reduces the trigger level. In Figure 2b, the person, through the use of the prediction algorithm, is aware of the actual trigger level (an initial warning is provided by system 10 at point 'e') and the person can then react before the trigger level is reached. As a result, the trigger threshold remains at the same level. Points 'c' and 'g' emphasize how important it is for the person to be able to monitor their trigger level. At point 'c' in Figure 2a, the person is unaware that the warning trigger threshold is very high. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 41 / 54 / 42 lower than expected and a critical point is therefore reached sooner than expected, which may put the person's life at risk. At point 'g' in Figure 2b, (that is, the same time point as point 'c' in Figure 2a) with the same environmental conditions, the person is not yet showing any symptoms and is aware of the actual trigger level.

[00125] Figure 7a shows a table that presents an example of certain trigger limits for environmental parameters that can be measured by system 10. Similarly, Figure 7b shows a table that presents an example of certain limits for respiratory parameters that can be measured by device 10. Figure 8 shows a table that lists numerous sensors that could be used to measure different environmental, respiratory, and cardiovascular parameters.

[00126] Reference is now made specifically to Figure 6, which illustrates the overall operational flow of system 10. User 113 will begin by turning on device 13 and using it throughout their daily routine. Device 13 is typically lightweight, comfortable, and easy to use. Once device 13 is turned on, it begins measuring environmental parameters as well as heart rate in order to collect data and send it to the monitoring station 11. Initially, a set of initial personal trigger levels will be established (e.g., based on initial testing / diagnostics). System 10 allows user 113 to monitor their environment and trigger levels in real time. System 10 is configured to communicate the collected data in a simple and easy way (e.g., via a user interface screen on user 13's device) so that user 113 understands what it means and what to do next.Device 13 can warn user 113 when action is required (for example, when user 113 is nearing their trigger threshold).

[00127] Through the communication of the warning, user 113 will know Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 42 / 54 / 42 that the triggering limit is almost reached and what action to take. For example, the user interface screen may display a message that the ambient temperature is measured close to the triggering limit of the person's personal temperature and therefore they need to go to a cooler environment. When user 113 reaches a point where the monitoring module 16 communicates with the device 13 that more monitoring data is needed (e.g., a particular triggering level has been reached), user 113 would then use the sensors of the body monitoring array 14 to measure respiratory / physiological parameters (some of these respiratory / physiological measurements may, however, be made automatically without user input).Device 13 is configured to communicate to user 113 (e.g., via an audible indication or the user interface screen) that respiratory / physiological testing should be performed. The measured respiratory / physiological data is then sent to the monitoring station 11, which then determines whether or not the user exhibits any signs of asthma. If asthma symptoms are detected, a notification is sent to device 13, which then informs user 113 what treatment is required and / or what emergency steps are necessary.

[00128] It should be noted that one or both communication modules 17, 18 can be configured to send an emergency notification to a primary caregiver (or other entity) when respiratory parameters reach alert levels. More specifically, the notification is sent to the primary caregiver's mobile phone.

[00129] Reference is now made specifically to Figures 9 and 10, which illustrate scenarios where fixed and portable devices are used to produce a local and global map for asthma prevention.

[00130] It should be noted that the processing performed by monitoring module 16 may, in whole or in part, be performed by a Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, pp. 43 / 54 / 42 module that is incorporated into device 13. In other words, the monitoring of environmental parameters can, for example, be conducted by device 13.

[00131] In addition, as mentioned earlier, in a somewhat alternative embodiment, a portable device can be used which includes the 120 power bank and the 12 environmental monitoring arrangement.

[00132] Device 13 may include a location module (e.g., a GPS module / function). System 10 / monitoring module 16 may be configured to use environmental measurements obtained from all devices 13 of system 10, along with the geographic locations where the measurements were taken, in order to warn users that they may be traveling through certain locations that may present an asthma risk (based on previous measurements). In other words, system 10 may be configured to create a map (e.g., updated in real time) that links all the various environmental measurements that were taken by devices 10 with the locations where they were taken. This map may then be used to warn users against certain areas that should be avoided.

[00133] It should also be noted that the system may include a plurality of other environmental monitoring arrangements that are provided at certain fixed locations. These measurements, along with their associated locations, can then be taken into account when creating the map.

[00134] When a user, for example, uses the device's location module 13 to go to a specific place, then the location can identify possible risk areas and / or route the user in such a way as to avoid those risk areas, if possible. Example 1 - see Figure 9 a. Exercise

[00135] Data is captured during a user's run and in a wooded area. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 44 / 54 / 42 b. Excessive effort

[00136] Immediate physiological readings indicate that the user's heart rate has been consistently increasing. The user's trigger set is consulted, and the algorithm predicts that the user's heart rate will reach their trigger set limits if they continue at their current pace. User 113 is notified via device 13 of the impending trigger limit and possible preventative actions. User 113 responds and slows their running pace to a safer level. c. Fire in wood

[00137] Immediate environmental data indicates that air quality has been steadily declining while running in a certain direction. The user's trigger set is consulted. The algorithm predicts that air quality will further degrade to a point where user 113 will have an asthma attack if they continue in the same direction. A notification is issued, informing user 113 of the hazardous air quality. User 113 is warned to change course to avoid overexposure and a possible attack. User 113 takes immediate action and changes their position. Additional environmental data indicates that air quality is improving. d. Excessive effort

[00138] Immediate physiological readings indicate that the user's heart rate has been consistently increasing. The user's trigger set is consulted. The algorithm predicts that the user's heart rate will reach the trigger limits of their trigger set if they continue at their current pace. User 113 is notified of the impending trigger limit and preventive actions to take. User 113 responds and slows their running pace to a safer level. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, pages 45 / 54 / 42

[00139] In this example, device 13 can use a built-in GPS to capture the different events on a geographic map as shown in Figure 9. Example 2 - see Figure 10 a) In the morning

[00140] Immediate physiological data are captured and referenced by localized environmental data to update the user's trigger thresholds and maintain the user's personalized trigger set, while also indicating the user's current health status. A notification provides information to user 113 about existing and predicted risks on their usual route to work. Data can be captured using fixed environmental sensors that are distributed across a wide geographical area. This data can then be relayed to the monitoring station 11, which is then sent to (or accessible by) device 13. Device 13 then uses this data, along with an embedded GPS, in order to warn user 113 of potential risks. b) Pollen Risk

[00141] Seasonal and weather data predict an air quality risk near a nature reserve. User 113 avoids passing downwind in the nature reserve by altering their usual route based on the notification received before leaving home. c) Traffic risk

[00142] Environmental data captured by all users 113 is typically sent to a central station / processing center, which can then communicate potential risks in a particular area to other users 113. In other words, the captured environmental data is effectively recorded based on the geographic location from which it was captured to provide a geographic map of measurements up to date / current. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, pages 46 / 54 / 42

[00143] In the present example, environmental data from a friendly user indicates an air quality risk on the user's route, possibly indicating traffic congestion. The user's trigger set is consulted. Carbon monoxide levels are below the user's trigger limits and levels are not rising. User 113 is not at risk and no further action is required. d) Risk of VOCs in refinery

[00144] Environmental data indicate high levels of VOCs near the refinery. The user's trigger set indicates a high sensitivity to VOCs. A notification provides preventive information while user 113 is on the road. User 113 takes action and alters the usual route in order to avoid the risk.

[00145] Some parameters, such as ambient temperature, user location 113 and / or heart rate, can be monitored consistently / continuously. Other parameters, such as air quality parameters, can be monitored less frequently (e.g., at intermittent intervals). Parameters such as peak airflow can only be monitored in specific cases.

[00146] Without awareness of actual trigger levels, an asthmatic will tend to live a life of uncertainty, and their state of health will be a mere measurement of their symptoms, which in some cases may be too late. Using the device 10, asthmatics can live a better quality of life, being able to monitor and update their personalized trigger levels at all times. Their trigger levels can be kept as high as possible for as long as possible, preventing symptoms and the worsening of asthma conditions.

[00147] System 10 provides an asthmatic with the ability to react to prevent any asthma symptoms from manifesting. This is done by measuring environmental parameters in order to predict when the user will experience an asthma attack. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, page 47 / 54 / 42 will present symptoms. System 10, therefore, effectively provides a proactive approach to an asthmatic condition. The invention also provides an asthmatic with the ability to react immediately by measuring respiratory parameters, thereby allowing a user to manage physical symptoms as soon as they appear. Petition 870210057868, dated 06 / 27 / 2021, pages 48 / 54

Claims

1 / 5 CLAIMS 1. Asthma warning / prevention system (10) comprising: a body monitoring arrangement (14) configured to measure one or more respiratory, physiological and / or biological parameters of a particular person; and a monitoring module (16) that is configured to: determine the presence of one or more asthma symptoms using data / information from one or more measured respiratory / physiological / biological parameters received from the body monitoring arrangement (14), and receive measurement data of at least one environmental parameter to which the particular person is subjected, measured by at least one environmental monitoring arrangement (12);characterized by the fact that the monitoring module (16) is also configured to: use the measurement data of the environmental parameter to determine whether the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper trigger level for the particular person and, if so, adjust the current upper trigger level for that person to a lower level if the presence of one or more asthma symptoms has been determined.; 2. System (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring module (16) is configured to: receive measurement data from a plurality of environmental parameters measured by one or more environmental monitoring arrangements (12); use the measurement data of the environmental parameters in order to determine, for each environmental parameter, whether the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper trigger level for the specific environmental parameter for the particular person and, if so, adjust said current upper trigger level for that person to a lower level if the presence of one or more asthma symptoms has been determined.

3. System (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring module (16) is configured to use a prediction algorithm that predicts a future value of the environmental parameter and generates / initiates a warning message / signal in order to warn the particular person when: the monitoring module (16) predicts that the upper trigger level may soon be reached.

4. System (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a database (19) in which the current upper trigger level of the particular person is stored, and in which the monitoring module (16) is configured to store the current upper trigger level set in the database (19).

5. System (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a wearable asthma warning device (13) incorporating the monitoring module (16) and that it is associated with the particular person.

6. System (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a wearable asthma warning device (13) that is worn by the person when in use and that is configured to communicate with the monitoring module by means of a communication link / network.

7. System (10) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the device (13) includes the body monitoring arrangement (14).

8. System (10) according to claim 7, characterized Petition 870260034002, dated 04 / 13 / 2026, page 15 / 25 3 / 5 by the fact that it includes a plurality of wearable asthma warning devices (13), wherein each device (13) includes a location module, and wherein the monitoring module (16) is configured to use environmental measurements obtained from all devices (13) of the system (10), together with the geographical locations in which the measurements were taken, in order to alert a person wearing one of the devices (13) that certain locations may pose an asthma risk, based on those environmental measurements.

9. System (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the system (10) is configured to create a map that links all the various environmental measurements taken by the devices (13) with the locations where they were taken.

10. System (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that it includes a plurality of environmental monitoring arrangements (12) provided at certain fixed locations.

11. System (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring module (16) is configured in such a way that: if the measured environmental parameter exceeds the current upper trigger level for the specific environmental parameter for the particular person and the presence of one or more asthma symptoms is not detected, adjust said current upper trigger level for that person to a higher level.

12. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the body monitoring arrangement (14) includes a mouthpiece (56) into which a person wearing the asthma alert device can blow / breathe, and a sensor that uses a person's breath when the person blows / breathes into the mouthpiece (56) to capture / detect a specific respiratory or cardiovascular parameter.

13. Non-transient, computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a set of instructions is stored which, when executed by a processor / computing device, is configured to: determine the presence of one or more asthma symptoms using data / information on one or more respiratory / physiological / biological parameters received from a body monitoring arrangement configured to measure one or more respiratory, physiological and / or biological parameters of a particular person; receive measurement information / data from at least one environmental monitoring arrangement, wherein the measurement information / data refers to at least one environmental parameter to which the particular person is subjected;and determine, using the information / data received, whether the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper trigger level for the particular person and, if so, adjust the current upper trigger level for the particular person to a lower level if the presence of one or more asthma symptoms has been determined.

14. Method of warning a person against a possible asthma attack or possible asthma symptoms, characterized in that the method includes: determining the presence of one or more asthma symptoms using data / information on one or more respiratory / physiological / biological parameters received from a body monitoring arrangement (14) that is configured to measure one or more respiratory, physiological and / or biological parameters of a particular person; Petition 870260034002, dated 13 / 04 / 2026, page 17 / 25 5 / 5 receiving measurement data of at least one environmental parameter to which the particular person is subjected; using the measurement data of the environmental parameter in order to determine whether the measured environmental parameter exceeds a current upper triggering level for the particular person and, if so, adjusting the current upper triggering level to a lower level if the presence of one or more asthma symptoms has been determined.Petition 870260034002, dated April 13, 2026, pp. 18-25.

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