Wireless transmission / reception unit, and, side link communication method

Abstract

Wireless transmission / reception unit and method for side-link communication. The present invention relates to methods, systems, and apparatus for side-link communication. A Wtru can receive a first SCI element from a second Wtru within a group. The Wtru can receive a first RCI element within a first set of resources scheduled by the first SCI. The first RCI can include information about which Wtru in the group is scheduled to use a second set of resources. The Wtru can determine, based on the first RCI, that one or more sub-resources within the second set of resources are available. The Wtru can transmit data on one or more sub-resources. The first SCI and the first RCI can be received in a first reservation period, and the one or more sub-resources can be in a second reservation period.

Description

/ 85 Wireless transmission / reception unit and method for side-link communication. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 651,974, filed Tuesday, April 3, 2018, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 668,322, filed Tuesday, May 8, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 735,982, filed Tuesday, September 25, 2018, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND

[002] Vehicular communication (V2X) is a communication mode through which wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) can communicate with each other directly. While within range, WTRUs can receive assistance from a network to begin transmitting and receiving V2X messages. If outside of range, WTRUs can use one or more pre-configured parameters to begin transmitting and receiving V2X messages. SUMMARY

[003] The present invention relates to methods, systems and apparatus for side-link communication. A WTRU can receive a first SCI element from a second WTRU within a group. The WTRU can receive a first RCI element within a first set of resources scheduled by the first SCI. The first RCI can include information about which WTRU in the group is scheduled to use a second set of resources. The WTRU can determine, based on the first RCI, that one or more sub-resources within the second set of resources are available. The WTRU can transmit data on one or more sub-resources. The first SCI and the first RCI can be received in a first reservation period and the one or more sub-resources can be in a second Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 8 / 134 / 85 reservation period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[004] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the attached drawings, where similar reference numbers in the figures indicate similar elements, and where: Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communications system in which one or more disclosed modalities can be implemented; Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that can be used in the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one embodiment; Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) that can be used in the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one modality; Figure 1D is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary additional RAN and an exemplary additional CN that can be used in the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one embodiment; Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a first group reservation method that uses sub-resource coordination; Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a second group reservation method that uses sub-resource coordination; Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a resource reservation method based on containment; and Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating the first method of... Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 9 / 134 / 85 group reservation using sub-resource coordination. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[005] Figure 1A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed modalities can be implemented. The communications system 100 can be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasting, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 can enable multiple wireless users to access this content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth.For example, communication systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SCFDMA), zero-tail single-word Discrete Fourier Transform Spreading (DFT) OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), single-word OFDM (UW-OFDM), feature block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), and the like.

[006] As shown in Figure 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it should be recognized that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, where Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 10 / 134 / 85 any of these can be called a station (STA), can be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and can include user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop computer, a netbook computer, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, an access point or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wristwatch or other device to be worn on the body, a headmounted display (HMD), a carrier, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g.,A robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated processing chain context), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as UE.

[007] Communication systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b can be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. For example, base stations 114a, 114b can be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a Home Node B, an evolved Home Node B, a next-generation Node B such as a gNode B (gNB), a new radio (NR) Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and similar devices. Although each of the Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 11 / 134 / 85 base stations 114a, 114b should be shown as a single element, it should be considered that base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[008] Base station 114a may be part of RAN (Radio Access Network) 104, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and the like. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be called a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographic area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may also be divided into cell sectors.For example, the cell associated with base station 114a can be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a can include three transceivers, that is, one for each sector of the cell. In another embodiment, base station 114a can employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and can use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming can be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[009] Base stations 114a, 114b can communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d through an air interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet). Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 12 / 134 / 85 (UV - ultraviolet), visible light, etc.). The 116 air interface can be established through the use of any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0010] More specifically, as indicated above, communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and the like. For example, base station 114a in RAN 104 and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) which may establish the air interface 116 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or HSPA Enhanced (HSPA+).HSPA can include high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) and / or high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA).

[0011] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology, such as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 by means of the use of long-term evolution (LTE) and / or advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or LTE Advanced Pro (LTEA Pro).

[0012] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement a radio technology, such as NR radio access, which can establish the air interface 116 through the use of NR.

[0013] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement multiple radio access technologies. By Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 13 / 134 / 85, for example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example, using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (for example, an eNB and a gNB).

[0014] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX worldwide interoperability for microwave access)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN) and similar technologies.

[0015] Base station 114b in Figure 1A can be a wireless router, a source node B, a source eNodeB, or a connection point, for example, and can use any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a workplace, a residence, a carrier, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a highway, and the like. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.11, to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.15, to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 14 / 134 / 85 modality, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can use a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in Figure 1A, base station 114b can have a direct connection to the Internet 110. In this way, base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 through CN 106.

[0016] RAN 104 may be in communication with CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different processing capacity requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data processing capacity requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, location-based mobile services, prepaid calling, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication.Although not shown in Figure 1A, it will be recognized that RAN 104 and / or CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT, such as RAN 104, or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104, which may use NR radio technology, CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[0017] CN 106 can also serve as a communication gateway for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110 and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide telephone service. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 15 / 134 / 85 conventional (POTS - plain old telephone service). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. Networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned by, and / or operated by, other service providers. For example, networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT, such as RAN 104, or a different RAT.

[0018] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (for example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communication with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, WTRU 102c shown in Figure 1a may be configured to communicate with base station 114a, which may employ cellular-based radio technology, and with base station 114b, which may employ IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0019] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example of a WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a numeric keypad 126, a monitor / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136 and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be recognized that the WTRU 102 may include any subcombination of the aforementioned elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 16 / 134 / 85

[0020] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, which may be coupled to transmit / receive element 122.Although Figure 1B depicts processor 118 and transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be recognized that processor 118 and transceiver 120 can be integrated together in an electronic package or electronic circuit.

[0021] The transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be recognized that the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 17 / 134 / 85

[0022] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is represented in Figure 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 can include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 can employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 can include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) to transmit and receive wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0023] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate signals intended to be transmitted by transmit / receive element 122, and to demodulate signals received by transmit / receive element 122. As indicated above, WTRU 102 can have multimode capabilities. Thus, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers to enable WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0024] The WTRU 102 processor 118 can be coupled to the speaker / microphone 124, the numeric keypad 126, and / or the monitor / touchpad 128 (for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and can receive user input from them. The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the monitor / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 can access information from, and store data in, any suitable type of memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of storage device. memory.Removable memory slot 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 18 / 134 / 85 module), a memory card, a secure digital memory card (SD secure digital) and the like. In other embodiments, processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located in WTRU 102, such as in a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0025] Processor 118 can receive power from power source 134, and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in WTRU 102. Power source 134 can be any device suitable for powering WTRU 102. For example, power source 134 can include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0026] Processor 118 can also be coupled to GPS chipset 136, which can be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from the GPS electronic circuitry 136, WTRU 102 can receive location information via the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be considered that WTRU 102 can capture location information by any suitable location determination method and still remain compatible with a mode.

[0027] The processor 118 can also be coupled with other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wireless or wired connectivity. For example, peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus port. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 19 / 134 / 85 (USB - universal serial bus), a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker and similar devices. Peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensors may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor, and similar devices.

[0028] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a specific subframe for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception) subframes) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit and substantially reduce or eliminate self-interference through hardware (e.g., a shutter) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or for DL ​​(e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0029] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to a modality. As noted above, RAN 104 can employ E-UTRA radio technology to become Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 20 / 134 / 85 communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 may also be in communication with CN 106.

[0030] RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it should be considered that RAN 104 may include any number of eNodeBs and still remain consistent with a mode. Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. In a mode, eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, eNodeB 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive wireless signals from WTRU 102a.

[0031] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, automatic change decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, and similar tasks. As shown in Figure 1C, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c can communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0032] The CN 106 shown in Figure 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) (PGW) 166. Although the aforementioned elements are shown as part of CN 106, it should be considered that any of these elements may belong to and / or be operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0033] MME 162 can be connected to each of the eNodeBs 162a, 162b, 162c in RAN 104 via an S1 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, activating / deactivating the carrier, and selecting a communication port. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 21 / 134 / 85 specific server during an initial connection of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and similar. MME 162 can provide a control plane function for switching between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM or WCDMA.

[0034] SGW 164 can be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. SGW 164 can generally route and forward user data packets destined for / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. SGW 164 can perform other functions such as anchoring user planes during automatic changes between eNodeBs, triggering paging when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the contexts of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and similar.

[0035] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, which can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0036] CN 106 can facilitate communications with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional terrestrial communications devices. For example, CN 106 can include, or communicate with, an IP communication port (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Furthermore, CN 106 can provide access from WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to other 112 networks, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0037] Although the WTRU is described in Figures 1A to 1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that, in certain representative embodiments, Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 22 / 134 / 85 such terminal may use (for example, temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0038] In representative modalities, the other 112 network may be a WLAN.

[0039] A WLAN in Basic Service Set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access to, or an interface with, a distribution system (DS) or other type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs originating outside a BSS can arrive through the AP and be delivered to the STAs. Traffic from STAs to destinations outside the BSS can be sent to the AP for delivery to the respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent through the AP, for example, where the originating STA can send traffic to the AP and the AP can deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS can be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic.Point-to-point traffic can be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link configuration (DLS direct link setup). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS - tunneled direct link setup). A WLAN using an independent BSS mode (IBSS independent basic service set) may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all STAs) within or using IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to in this document as an ad hoc communication mode.

[0040] When using the 802.11ac operating mode or a similar operating mode of 802.11ac infrastructure, the AP can transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel can have a Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 23 / 134 / 85 fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz bandwidth) or a dynamically defined width through signaling. The primary channel can be the BSS's operational channel and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier-sensing multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example, in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., each STA), including the AP, can detect the primary channel. If the primary channel is detected and / or determined / detected as being occupied by a particular STA, the specific STA can back off. An STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time on a given BSS.

[0041] High-throughput (HT) STAs can use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, by combining the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0042] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs can support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed, for example, by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed, for example, by combining eight contiguous 20 MHz channels or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which can be called an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, can be passed through a segment analyzer that can split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed, for example, on each stream separately. The streams can be mapped to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be... Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 24 / 134 / 85 transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operation described above for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC).

[0043] Sub-1 GHz operating modes are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz in the TV white space spectrum (TVWS), and 802.11ah supports bandwidths of 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz using spectrum other than TVWS. According to a representative embodiment, the 802.11ah protocol can support meter-type control / machine-type communications, such as MTC (machine-type communications) devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited features that include support (e.g., support only for) and / or specific limited bandwidths.MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life exceeding a certain limit (for example, to maintain extended battery life).

[0044] WLAN systems, which can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may, for example, have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be defined and / or limited by an STA, among all STAs operating in a BSS, that supports the lowest bandwidth operating mode. In the 802.11ah example, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 25 / 134 / 85 even if the AP, and other STAs in BSS mode support the operating modes of 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz and / or other channels. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to an STA (which only supports a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered busy even if most of the available frequency bands remain idle.

[0045] In the United States, the available frequency bands that can be used by 802.11ah are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. For example, the total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is from 6 MHz to 26 MHz, depending on the country code.

[0046] Figure 1D is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106 according to one mode. As noted above, RAN 104 can employ NR radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 can also be in communication with CN 106.

[0047] RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, although it should be recognized that RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs and still remain consistent with a mode. gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. In some modes, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may use beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 26 / 134 / 85 wireless signals and / or receive wireless signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multi-component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be in the unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be in the licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180C).

[0048] WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using scalable time intervals (TTIs) of various lengths (e.g., containing a variable number of OFDM symbols and / or variable absolute time durations).

[0049] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in a standalone and / or non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as a mobility docking point. In standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in a single band. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 27 / 134 / 85 unlicensed. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in a substantially simultaneous manner. In a non-autonomous configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or processing capacity for maintaining WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0050] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and can be configured to support radio resource management decisions, delivery decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slicing support, DC, number interconnection and E-UTRA, user plane data routing to the user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, control plane information routing to the access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, and similar. As shown in Figure 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can communicate with each other through an Xn interface.

[0051] The CN 106 shown in Figure 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b and possibly a data network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although the aforementioned elements are shown as part of CN 106, it should be considered that any of these elements may belong to and / or be operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0052] AMF 182a, 182b can be connected to one or more of the Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 28 / 134 / 85 gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in RAN 104 via an N2 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, AMF 182a, 182b can be responsible for authenticating WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c users, network splitting support (e.g., handling different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting an SMF 183a, 183b, register area management, non-access stratum (NAS) signaling termination, mobility management, and similar. Network splitting can be used by AMF 182a, 182b to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases such as services that rely on ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), services that rely on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine-to-machine communication (MTC) access, and the like. AMF 182A, 182b can provide a control plane function to switch between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as Wi-Fi.

[0053] SMF 183a, 183b can be connected to AMF 182a, 182b on CN 106 via an N11 interface. SMF 183a, 183b can also be connected to UPF 184a, 184b on CN 106 via an N4 interface. SMF 183a, 183b can select and control UPF 184a, 184b and configure traffic routing through UPF 184a, 184b. SMF 183a, 183b can perform other functions such as managing and assigning UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy and QoS enforcement, providing DL data notifications, and similar tasks. A PDU session type can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and similar. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 29 / 134 / 85

[0054] UPF 184a, 184b can be connected to one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in RAN 104 via an N3 interface, which can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as packet routing and forwarding, user plane policy enforcement, support for multi-baseline PDU sessions, user plane QoS handling, temporary DL packet storage, mobility tethering provision, and similar functions.

[0055] CN 106 can facilitate communications with other networks. For example, CN 106 can include, or communicate with, an IP communication port (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. Additionally, CN 106 can provide access from WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to other 112 networks, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b via UPF 184a, 184b through interface N3 to UPF 184a, 184b and an interface N6 between UPF 184a, 184b and DN 185a, 185b.

[0056] In view of Figures 1A to 1D and the corresponding description in Figures 1A to 1D, one or more, or all, of the functions described in the present invention relating to one or more of: a WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNode B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b and / or any other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, emulation devices Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 30 / 134 / 85 may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0057] Emulation devices can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices can perform one or more, or all, of the functions while being fully or partially implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more emulation devices can perform one or more, or all, of the functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or to perform tests using wireless communications over the air.

[0058] One or more emulation devices may perform one or more, including all, of the functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, emulation devices may be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or in a wired and / or wireless communication network (e.g., test) to implement the testing of one or more components. One or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuits (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0059] As described above, vehicular communication (V2X) is a communication mode through which WTRUs can communicate with each other directly. V2X communication is supported in Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 31 / 134 / 85 Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications from Release 14 and was inspired by previous work on Device-to-Device (D2D) communications. V2X communication services may include one or more of the following types. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication may allow vehicular WTRUs to communicate with each other directly. Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication may allow vehicular WTRUs to communicate with roadside units (RSUs) and / or gNBs. Vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication may allow vehicular WTRUs to communicate with a core network. Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication can enable vehicular WTRUs to communicate with other types of WTRUs, such as those with special conditions like low battery capacity.

[0060] LTE defines two operating modes for V2X communication. In Mode 3, the network can assign the WTRU a scheduling role for V2X side-link transmission. In Mode 4, the WTRU can autonomously select resources from a configured / preconfigured resource pool. Furthermore, LTE defines two categories of resource pools (groupings) for V2X communication: receive pools and transmit pools. Receive pools are monitored to receive V2X transmissions. Transmit pools are used by WTRUs to select transmission resources in Mode 4. Transmit pools are not used by WTRUs configured in Mode 3.

[0061] Resource pools can be semi-statically signaled to WTRUs via RRC signaling. In Mode 4, the WTRU can use detection before selecting a resource from the RRC-configured broadcast pool. LTE V2X may not support the reconfiguration of dynamic resource pools. Pool configuration can only be performed via a system information block (SIB). Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 32 / 134 / 85 (information block) and / or dedicated RRC signage.

[0062] The next generation of wireless systems, called New Radio (NR) systems, is currently under development. NR systems are expected to support various use cases such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-high reliability and low latency communications (URLLC), and improved V2X communication. V2X communication in NR is expected to support new services for both safety and non-safety scenarios (e.g., sensor sharing, automated driving, vehicle platooning, and remote driving).

[0063] Vehicle platooning can enable vehicles to dynamically form a group while traveling together. Vehicles in the convoy can receive periodic data from a vehicle ahead to continue convoy operations. This information can allow the distance between vehicles to become extremely small. For example, the span distance translated into time can be very low (e.g., subsecond). Platooning applications can allow vehicles to follow the vehicle ahead to be driven autonomously.

[0064] Advanced driving can enable semi-automated or fully automated driving. A longer distance between vehicles can be assumed. A vehicle and / or a road-side unit (RSU) can share data obtained from its local sensors with nearby vehicles. This can allow vehicles to coordinate their trajectories or maneuvers. In addition, a vehicle can share its driving intent with nearby vehicles. This can enable safer journeys, avoid collisions, and improve traffic efficiency.

[0065] Extended sensors can enable the exchange of raw data or Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 33 / 134 / 85 processed data gathered through one or more local sensors or live video data between vehicles, RSUs, pedestrian devices, and V2X application servers. Vehicles can improve their perception of their environment beyond what their own sensors can detect and can have a holistic view of the local situation.

[0066] Remote driving can enable a driver or a V2X application to operate a remote vehicle for passengers who cannot drive or operate a remote vehicle located in hazardous environments. In cases where variation is limited and routes are predictable, such as in public transportation, cloud-based driving can be used. Additionally, cloud-based access to the back-end platform as a service can be used. It should be noted that different V2X services may require different performance requirements, and for some scenarios, a latency of 3 ms may be necessary.

[0067] In vehicle platooning, certain messages may need to be transmitted to the entire convoy of vehicles, and other messages may need to be transmitted only to a specific vehicle. Many messages can be transmitted between WTRUs in the same convoy (e.g., using Unicast transmission). It can be inefficient to assign a unique L2 identification (ID) to each combination of WTRUs that can communicate with each other as is done in conventional D2D communication.

[0068] The transmission resources used by vehicles within a convoy may have a deterministic timing relationship. This timing relationship may be necessary to satisfy certain requirements for vehicle platooning. For example, the very short latency between transmissions of successive WTRUs in a convoy requires resources available to each WTRU to have a small timing offset. Methods for Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 34 / 134 / 85 ensures coordination and management of resources may be necessary in the access spectrum (AS) layer since independent resource reservations by each WTRU may not be feasible and / or may be inefficient.

[0069] In addition, SA1 requirements indicate that the AS may need to control the communication range for a message based on the message characteristics. Methods may be needed for the WTRU to distinguish the required transmission range based on the message characteristics and to be able to efficiently use side-link transmission resources.

[0070] Train is a V2X application layer concept that manifests at the access layer as a group of WTRUs. WTRUs may be related to each other in terms of geographic location, resource usage, detection, and / or handling. The present description may include the general notion of a group of WTRUs, which may be formed from a platooning application or other V2X applications. The group of WTRUs in this context may have one or more of the following characteristics. WTRUs may move together or may have a related geolocation and / or topology. WTRUs may need to communicate in multicast with an entire group. WTRUs may need to communicate in unicast with specific members of the group.

[0071] In one example, group members can be determined through application layer management / signaling. Group formation and modification decisions can be made through an associated V2X application (e.g., a platooning application). Group information can be made fully available to the AS. For example, a list of WTRUs that are part of the group can be periodically communicated to the AS.

[0072] In another example, the determination and / or modification of the group Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 35 / 134 / 85 can be determined by the application layer and can only be known by the application layer. The AS layer can receive specific information that guarantees the behavior of the WTRU, regarding the approach and use of resources, and reflects the presence and topology of the group. The application layer can indicate that a WTRU should assume a specific AS behavior when that WTRU has been made the group leader in the application layer.

[0073] A WTRU can receive the following information from the application layer. With each application layer packet, the WTRU can receive one or more indications of whether the packet should be transmitted in multicast or unicast, range information, timing requirements, and an indication of whether a packet needs to be transmitted across the entire group. Periodically, or upon specific application layer triggers, the WTRU can receive one or more indications that the WTRU is part of or no longer part of a group of WTRUs in the AS and the associated group ID, and an indication that the WTRU should start or stop executing certain AS behaviors of the leading group, and an indication of the addition or removal of another WTRU from a group and its associated ID, a WTRU member ID, and proximity information of different WTRUs in a group (e.g., orientation, distance, etc.).

[0074] A WTRU may additionally apply certain behavior associated only with data packets, services, and / or control information associated with group communication. More specifically, the above information may be associated with only one set of services, possibly identified by a service ID, destination ID, or other identifier provided by the application layer.

[0075] Conventional V2X communication methods may not have procedures for unicast addressing. Some types of D2D communication allow both unicast and multicast addressing. For addressing Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 36 / 134 / 85: In D2D, a ProSe WTRU ID can be used as the L2 destination ID instead of the ProSe L2 group ID. While this might make it possible to transmit unicast messages within a group, this approach may have the following problems. The application layer may need to reserve unique identifiers for services that are different from any ProSe WTRU ID. Additionally, due to a potentially large address space, the entire address may need to be included in the header of any packet transmitted by the MAC layer. Furthermore, the group ID in conventional D2D and V2X may only refer to a service, without specifically implying any physical relationship between the destination WTRUs.As a result, the AS may not know whether a transmission is related to a service (e.g., a conventional grouping concept) or to a physical grouping of WTRUs to enable platooning.

[0076] It should be noted that the term group communication may refer to communication within a group of physically related WTRUs (e.g., a train) and is not in the context of conventional group communication. Without loss of generality, group communication may refer to communication between two WTRUs (unicast) or multiple WTRUs (multicast). A group destination address may be used as the destination address for unicast or multicast communication.

[0077] A WTRU may be equipped with and use (for example, in the MAC header) a different destination address structure depending on one or more of the following: whether an application layer packet is associated with the communication for a specific group (for example, physical cluster) or not, whether the transmission is a unicast transmission within that physical cluster, and whether the transmission is multicast for the entire group in the physical cluster. More specifically, an address of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 37 / 134 / 85, the destination may have the following structure: Service ID + Group ID + Member ID. The Group ID and Member ID may be optional and used only in the case of group communication. The WTRU may transmit a MAC header with variable header size based on the destination address received from the application layer. The WTRU may additionally indicate a header type to distinguish each of the transmission cases. The Service ID may be omitted by the MAC layer in the case of group communication. The Service ID may be transmitted within the application layer information.

[0078] A WTRU can perform different behaviors regarding multiplexing and resource selection depending on the destination address received from the application layer for transmission across the side link. The WTRU can allow multiplexing of AS group control information, such as Resource Coordination Information (RCI), with packets that have a destination address containing a group ID and no member ID. The WTRU can perform group-based resource selection for a communication group of WTRUs when packets have a destination address containing at least one group ID. The WTRU can rely on resources reserved by other WTRUs associated with the same group when the packet has a destination address containing at least one group ID. The WTRU can transmit a reservation signal for group-based resources indicated in the group ID when the packet has a destination address containing at least one group ID.

[0079] Sidelink resources can be reserved for group communications. Sidelink Control Information (SCI) can indicate that a transmission is associated with a specific group (for example, by including a group identifier in the SCI). In this case, a WTRU can only include Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 38 / 134 / 85 a member ID in the MAC layer header for transmissions associated with these dedicated resources or the transmission scheduled by SCI. For a transmission that is broadcast to an entire group, the WTRU may include a special member ID (e.g., all 0s) to distinguish it as a multicast transmission to the entire group. The WTRU may not include a member ID and may use the MAC header type to distinguish the transmission as a multicast transmission to the entire group.

[0080] A WTRU can receive an L2 destination address from higher layers that will be used for group communication. The WTRU can receive the L2 source IDs of the WTRUs that form the group along with the L2 destination address.

[0081] A WTRU can receive a set of unique L2 destination addresses from upper layers for use in group communication. A WTRU can select one of these addresses to be used for group communication, which can be formed and / or managed by the WTRU. The WTRU can also inform the upper layers of the L2 source addresses of the WTRUs that form the group and the corresponding L2 destination group address.

[0082] A WTRU can inform other WTRUs in a group of the destination address to be used for group communication. A WTRU can initiate group formation signaling between WTRUs (e.g., via RRC messages) so that the destination address for a group can be exchanged.

[0083] A WTRU can use a dedicated L2 destination address to exchange group formation and / or group maintenance signaling. For example, the L2 destination address can indicate that the message is a control plane message rather than a user plane message. A WTRU that receives a message with a dedicated control plane destination ID can route the message to the Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 39 / 134 / 85 RRC entity within the WTRU protocol stack. A WTRU transmitting an inter-WTRU control plane signaling message (e.g., an RRC message) can use the dedicated L2 destination address for control messages. A WTRU can determine the dedicated L2 address for control plane signaling based on pre-configuration. The WTRU can determine this address from the upper layers.

[0084] A WTRU that is part of a configured group can use a pool of resources that are reserved for communication by members of the same group of WTRUs. This can allow for lower latency and / or more reliable communication between WTRUs in a group. Interference / contention with WTRUs outside the group, which may be close to the group, can be avoided. Low latency and / or high reliability may be required for communication within the group.

[0085] A WTRU can be configured with one or more resource pools used for group communication. The WTRU can receive a configuration of one or more group-specific resource pools in a broadcast (SIB), in dedicated signaling, or in pre-configuration. The group-specific resource pool can be determined from this configuration based on one or more of the WTRU's geographic location, WTRU speed, WTRU header, group ID, member ID, and application layer information (e.g., related to topology).

[0086] A resource pool configuration can be associated with a group ID. A WTRU can receive a packet from the upper layers that is intended for transmission to a specific group (i.e., the destination address matches the group's destination address). The WTRU can select resources from the group's specific pool for transmission. The WTRU can additionally use resources from the group's specific pool under Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 40 / 134 / 85 certain conditions associated with the packet to be transmitted. The conditions may be one or more of the following QoS-related conditions: the packet has a certain delay budget that satisfies a predetermined criterion, the packet needs to be transmitted as unicast or multicast, the packet has a certain required transmission range or specific directionality for transmission (e.g., as determined by the application), the packet is associated with a certain data rate requirement, and the packet has a certain priority.

[0087] A WTRU can be configured with a specific group pool for receiving, which can be derived in a similar way. A WTRU can monitor resources from the specific group pool when any of the above conditions are met.

[0088] A WTRU can receive a group-specific resource pool configuration in the RRC configuration. The group-specific resource pool configuration can indicate the use of one or more resource pools depending on the WTRU's geolocation and group ID. The WTRU can select a group-specific resource pool from the pool set in the configuration based on its geolocation and group ID. The WTRU can select the resource pool using a modulo operation on its latitude / longitude and group ID. More specifically, the pool configuration can consist of an MxN resource pool table, and the WTRU can determine the resource pool index in the table to use at any given time using the following equations: m = (lat / long)modM Equation 1 n = (Group ID)modN. Equation 2

[0089] A WTRU can use the group-specific resource pool whenever the WTRU is assigned to a group and has transmissions to that group. Otherwise, the WTRU can use other TX pools. A WTRU can receive a message from the application layer that was Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 41 / 134 / 85, assigned to a specific group. The message may contain an associated group identifier. Following such assignment, the WTRU may choose resources from the group-specific pool when receiving a packet from the upper layers for transmission. The packet may be tagged by the same group identifier. The WTRU may additionally select resources from the group-specific resource pool that depend on a member ID within the group.

[0090] A WTRU in a group can transmit a group reservation signal on the side-link channel to reserve resources usable by a certain number of WTRUs that are part of the group. The WTRU can additionally be configured to transmit the reservation signal along with its own side-link data transmissions. The reservation signal can also be transmitted along with side-link data transmissions that are destined for the same group to which the reservation signal is being transmitted. For example, a WTRU can transmit an SCI that serves as a resource reservation signal that can be used by a group. The SCI can include the group identifier or a portion of the group identifier. The WTRU can additionally program data about the PSSCH that the WTRU is transmitting using the same SCI. The data can have one or more group members as the intended destination.

[0091] The group reservation signal can be a field in an existing V2X transmission in PSCCH or PSSCH, a new message transmitted on either of these channels, or a combination of both. More specifically, the reservation signal can be transmitted in one or more of the following ways: a field in the side link scheduling assignment, SCI, or similar message in PSCCH; a synchronization signal, or field transmitted within a synchronization signal, similar to PSBCH; and a message (e.g., MAC CE, RRC, or application layer message) contained in PSSCH. This message can Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 42 / 134 / 85, to still be transmitted within the resources that the group reservation signal intends to reserve.

[0092] The reservation signal may provide one or more of the following information. The reservation signal may provide a group indication or group identification to determine the specific group of WTRUs for which the resource is reserved. The reservation signal may provide an indication of the resources being reserved, such as time, frequency, beam, or a set of beams. This indication may be implicitly included in the scheduling information provided by the scheduling message. For example, the reservation signal may reserve the resources that the SCI intends to schedule. In addition, this indication may consist of further information for the reservation that is not included in the scheduling information. For example, the reservation signal may indicate the reservation of scheduled resources for a number of subframes, time periods, or it may indicate the subset of scheduled resources.The reservation signal can provide resource coordination information (RCI) for coordinating resources between multiple WTRUs. The reservation signal can also provide the geolocation of the WTRU transmitting the resource reservation signal.

[0093] An RCI for a specific group or resources reserved for the group can be transmitted on the side link by one or more WTRUs (e.g., group leader), retransmitted by a WTRU, or transmitted by all WTRUs. A WTRU can be additionally configured by higher layers to transmit and / or retransmit the RCI. The RCI can be transmitted as part of the resource reservation signal. The RCI can be transmitted as an access layer control message, such as a MAC CE control message or inter-WTRU message on the side link. For example, a WTRU configured to transmit RCI can do this Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 43 / 134 / 85 periodically or on the occasion of changes in the content of the RCI (for example, a change in a set of WTRUs in a group). The RCI that can be provided to a WTRU by the application layer and changed on the occasion of a change in the group topology (for example, a change in the number of vehicles in a convoy or in its sequencing).

[0094] A specific or designated WTRU may transmit an RCI to indicate the sequencing for the use of resources reserved for a group in the group reservation signal. A WTRU may transmit an RCI to indicate its use or non-use of a resource or sub-resource. For example, a WTRU may indicate to the rest of the group that it will not use the sub-resources that have been assigned to it by any method described in the present invention. Another WTRU that may be indicated in the RCI or determined by specific rules (for example, a WTRU with the next highest member ID) may use the sub-resources of the WTRU that sent the indication.

[0095] A WTRU can transmit an RCI to indicate the detection results it determines for resources associated with a group. For example, a WTRU can transmit one or more of the RSRP, RSSI, and occupancy information it detects (e.g., SCI transmissions reserving resources that are not associated with its own group) as part of the SCI.

[0096] The RCI associated with a specific group can only be read by members of that group. For example, a WTRU might transmit an RCI as a MAC CE on a MAC SDU that has a destination address that matches the group's destination address. While the SCI might reserve resources for a group and be visible to WTRUs outside the group, the RCI might indicate such resource usage within the group and might only be visible to WTRUs within the group.

[0097] The RCI can indicate the allowed timing / frequency / beam sequencing of a WTRU's own transmission sub-resources. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 44 / 134 / 85 within a set of sub-resources. This can be in the form of a table, bitmap, or ordering of member IDs. The size of the RCI can be decided, for example, by the application layer based on the train topology. The size of the table / bitmap can be reported by an application layer.

[0098] The RCI can indicate usage conditions for a sub-resource associated with a WTRU's own transmissions or with the transmissions of other WTRUs, such as: minimum data priority for a WTRU to use its own sub-resources in a group, and minimum data priority for a WTRU to use other sub-resources in a group. These conditions can be pre-configured in the WTRU and may not be transmitted with the RCI.

[0099] The RCI may indicate rules and / or instructions for altering the sequencing of sub-resource usage. For example, the RCI may contain an indication that a WTRU may use other unused sub-resources belonging to other WTRUs. The RCI may indicate rules for whether / when a WTRU may transmit a new RCI. The RCI may indicate a resource pool to be detected by a specific WTRU in the group. For example, the RCI may contain an indication of which time / frequency / bwp / beam a given WTRU should detect for SCI monitoring and possible reporting on related control information. The RCI may indicate buffer occupancy information, such as the amount of data pending in the WTRU buffer and potentially associated with transmission to a specific group of WTRUs and / or associated with different QoS requirements. The RCI may indicate a random number associated with the selection by that WTRU of the number of reservation periods that should be reserved.RCI can indicate the detection results (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, and resource occupancy / availability information) obtained by a specific WTRU detection procedure. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 45 / 134 / 85

[00100] A WTRU that receives a resource reservation signal for a group may transmit coordination information (i.e., its own RCI) as part of its own transmissions or within the sub-resource reserved for it. The coordination information may serve other WTRUs that transmit the resource reservation signal to determine which resources will be reserved in a future reservation period or to determine the RCI to be transmitted. The coordination information may be transmitted in a control message (e.g., a MAC CE message or side-link RRC message) and may be attached to any data transmitted by a WTRU in its own sub-resources.

[00101] Coordination information may include the WTRU's own member ID or a similar ID that identifies the WTRU, which may be provided by the application layer. Coordination information may include detection results, such as an indication of available / unavailable resources as determined by the WTRU. Detection results may additionally be specific to a subset of total resources (e.g., time, frequency, BWP, beam) that may be indicated for that WTRU in the RCI. Coordination information may include various reservation periods for which the WTRU intends to maintain / preserve the use of its assigned sub-resources. Coordination information may include QoS information of resources in the WTRU buffers, such as priority, latency, periodicity, rate, bandwidth requirements, and payload.Coordination information may include absolute values ​​of, or a change in the timing, size, and periodicity of any periodic information received from upper layers, such as periodic CAM traffic or similar periodic application layer traffic. Coordination information may include a time difference or offset between a sub-resource assigned to the WTRU and the arrival of data to be transmitted on the sub-resource. Potentials may also be included. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 46 / 134 / 85 changes for this time difference. Coordination information may include the buffer status of a WTRU.

[00102] A WTRU may receive an RCI from a designated WTRU indicating a set of resources on which it must perform regular detection for availability determination. When transmitting data on its sub-resources, possibly indicated by the resource reservation signal it receives, a WTRU may include the available / unavailable resources and the number of reservation periods for which it intends to continue periodic transmission on its assigned sub-resources. This information may be transmitted in a MAC CE included with its own data transmissions.

[00103] A WTRU can be identified as the WTRU designated for transmitting a resource reservation signal. The WTRU can receive coordination information from other WTRUs in a group containing any of the information in the coordination information sent by the individual WTRU. A WTRU can use the received information to execute resource reservation in the next reservation period, and can indicate the reserved resources / sub-resources in its next transmission of the resource reservation signal.

[00104] A WTRU may no longer need the resources reserved for it within the resources for the group (for example, the same resources across multiple reservation periods) for a certain number of reservation periods. In this case, the WTRU may indicate its non-use of its assigned sub-resources for future reservation periods. As a result, the WTRU transmitting the resource reservation signal may assign another WTRU in the group to the same sub-resources by transmitting updated information in the RCI.

[00105] A WTRU can transmit a backup signal as a result of one or more of the following triggers. A WTRU can transmit Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 47 / 134 / 85 a reservation signal upon the start of a specific service from the application layer, such as a V2X service that requires intra-group communication. A WTRU can transmit a reservation signal by creating a logical channel with a certain priority, certain QoS characteristics, specific bandwidth requirements, or reservation for communication within a group of WTRUs. A WTRU can transmit a reservation signal upon receiving an indication from the application layer to transmit such a reservation signal. A WTRU can transmit a reservation signal upon receiving data from the application layer, possibly associated with a group. A WTRU can transmit a reservation signal based on the expiration of a timer, possibly configured by the application layer and / or RRC signaling and / or broadcast system information.

[00106] A WTRU can transmit a backup signal upon receiving, at the physical layer (PHY), a backup signal transmitted by another WTRU. This trigger may be further conditioned on one or more of the following criteria: If the received backup signal contains a group ID that matches one of the group IDs enabled or configured on the WTRU, the WTRU may transmit the backup signal. If the received backup signal is received with power below a threshold, the WTRU may transmit the backup signal. If the received backup signal indicates that the WTRU's position in the sequence is a specific position, the WTRU may transmit the backup signal. If a WTRU member ID or a position within a transmission sequence matches the next expected transmission, as determined by the received backup signal, the WTRU may transmit the backup signal.After a configured or indicated time following receipt of the reserve signal, the WTRU may transmit the reserve signal. The WTRU may transmit a reserve signal if the received reserve signal is measured below a threshold. The WTRU may transmit a signal. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 48 / 134 / 85 of reservation if the reservation signal received is received from a WTRU whose distance is above / below a limit.

[00107] A WTRU may receive an indication from higher layers (e.g., a V2X application layer, a V2X control layer, a ProSe layer, or a NAS layer) to initiate the transmission of a reservation signal to a specific group associated with a group identifier. The WTRU may transmit a reservation signal periodically after such a reservation indication from a higher layer, until it receives an indication to disable / stop transmitting the reservation signal.

[00108] A WTRU may receive an indication from the upper layers to initiate the transmission of a reservation signal for a specific group associated with a group identifier, and the WTRU may transmit the reservation signal by receiving data destined for that group of WTRUs received from the upper layers.

[00109] A WTRU may receive an indication from the upper layers that it is part of a specific communication group. The WTRU may transmit a reservation signal when it detects a resource reservation signal transmitted by another WTRU in a previous reservation period if the RCI indicates that the resource is still available in the next reservation period and the WTRU is next in sequence to transmit about the reserved resource.

[00110] A WTRU can be configured or designated, for example, by the application layer or by receiving side-link control messages from one or more other WTRUs, to reserve resources to be used by a group of WTRUs. For example, one or more WTRUs in a group can be designated or permitted (for example, as configured by the application layer) to reserve resources for use by all WTRUs in the group. The WTRU can execute a resource selection process, which may consist of determining a set of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 49 / 134 / 85 resources available based on detection results. The WTRU may transmit a reservation signal to reserve selected resources that are available based on detection results. The WTRU may also perform resource selection for multiple WTRUs, possibly in association with a group. The WTRU may determine the quantity of resources to be selected, as well as the structure of the resources.

[00111] The structure of resources can refer to a periodicity of resources. For example, resource selection can select multiple resources that occur with a fixed periodicity. The structure of resources can refer to multiple sub-resources. For example, a WTRU can select a fixed number of sub-resources for single or multiple transmissions per WTRU.

[00112] Resource structure can refer to the time spacing between sub-resources. For example, resource selection can select multiple sub-resources associated with each resource. Each sub-resource can be usable by a single WTRU in a group. The time difference (in intervals) between such sub-resources can be fixed or can be such that it does not exceed a specific maximum time difference.

[00113] The resource structure can refer to the size of each sub-resource. Sub-resources can be reserved so that each sub-resource is the same size, or they can have some size relationship between each sub-resource. The size of each sub-resource can be provided to support the maximum packet size of each WTRU transmission in the reservation group. The size of each sub-resource can be determined by the data rate requirements of each WTRU. The size of each sub-resource can be specified by the application layer. The size of each sub-resource can be determined by the size of the data required for transmission by the WTRU transmitting the reservation signal.

[00114] The resource structure can refer to a range of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 50 / 134 / 85 frequency (e.g., BWP) in relation to which any portion or all of the resources must be reserved. For example, resource selection may reserve all resources only in a given BWP, or a first number of sub-resources in a first BWP and a second number of sub-resources in a second BWP.

[00115] The resource structure can refer to a bundle or set of bundles in relation to which any portion or all of the resources must be reserved. For example, resource selection can reserve resources only from a subset of bundles, bundle directions, or pools associated with bundle directions.

[00116] A WTRU can transmit information related to the resource reservation structure in its own transmission. The information may or may not be accompanied by its own data transmission. For example, a WTRU can transmit the above information in an SCI. The information can be identified by indexing certain fixed resource structures (e.g., as by a table).

[00117] During resource selection, a WTRU can determine the size and structure of the resources to be selected based on one or more of the following criteria. The determination can be made based on the amount of data that the WTRU itself needs to transmit (i.e., the size of the data pending in the WTRU buffer). For example, the WTRU can reserve N sub-resources of size M. The size M can be determined based on the size of the data that the WTRU needs to transmit. The number N can be determined by application layer data, for example, indicating the number of WTRUs currently in the group.

[00118] The determination can be made based on the QoS characteristics of the data to be transmitted (e.g., delay, priority, data rate, reliability, and transmission range requirements). The determination can be made based on the MCS as determined by Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 51 / 134 / 85 WTRU or gNB. The determination may be based on occupancy measurements (e.g., CBR measurements) produced by the WTRU or communicated to the WTRU by other WTRUs, possibly in the same group. The determination may be based on beam level quality measurements. The determination may be based on group-specific information obtained from the application layer. For example, the number of sub-features may be indicated by the application layer or may be derived from a number of WTRUs indicated in the group. The spacing between different sub-features may be indicated directly by the application layer.

[00119] The determination can be based on an expectation of the transmission size from the other WTRUs, potentially based on the transmission size of the designated WTRU. For example, the designated WTRU might transmit a request message, from which it expects a response from multiple WTRUs. The response message size could be deterministic.

[00120] A WTRU can be configured to transmit a reservation signal along with its own data transmission destined for a group. The WTRU can receive a set of parameters for group reservation from higher layers consisting of a time interval between sub-resources, several sub-resources associated with a resource, a subband (e.g., BWP) for the resources, and a group identifier. Upon receiving data from the upper layers associated with the group or upon the start of a specific service for the group, the WTRU can execute a resource reservation procedure whereby the WTRU does one or more of the following: The WTRU can determine the amount of resources for a sub-resource based on the size of its own transmissions. The WTRU can determine the pattern of sub-resources and / or the periodicity of the reserved resources. The WTRU can determine the number of sub-resources to be reserved based on information from the layer of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 52 / 134 / 85 application. A WTRU can select a set of sub-resources that correspond to the required time interval and sub-band from the higher layers. The WTRU can transmit a resource reservation signal (possibly with its own data) indicating the presence of its own data as well as the reservation of other resources usable by other WTRUs.

[00121] A WTRU can execute a group resource reservation procedure in conjunction with another resource reservation / transmission that may not be associated with the group. For example, the procedure can only be used when the data received by the upper layers is associated with the group identifier configured in the WTRU.

[00122] A WTRU can transmit a backup signal along with its own data transmission. The backup signal can be a reply message to its own transmission. The WTRU can reserve sufficient resources for a single reply for each WTRU. The WTRU can autonomously reserve resource timing for each of the WTRU's replies so that one or more of the following criteria can be met. The WTRU can receive all replies within a specific time period, so that the time period can be related to the QoS of the request / response or to any data that depends on the request reply. Reply messages cannot overlap in time / frequency / beam. The reply message of one WTRU in the group can be received by another WTRU in the group as well.

[00123] A WTRU can be configured to monitor side-link transmissions for a resource reservation signal and utilize resources reserved by another WTRU that were intended for group communication. Upon receiving a resource reservation signal indicating resources available for transmission by a group (e.g., identified by a group identity transmitted in the ICS), the WTRU can transmit data. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 53 / 134 / 85 pending resources intended for the identity of the associated group in a portion of the reserved resources, such as in a sub-resource of the resources identified in the resource reservation signal. A WTRU may use the resources only for data transmission intended for the specific group for which the WTRU resources were reserved. If the WTRU has no pending data intended for the group associated with the resource reservation signal, the WTRU may ignore the resources and not use them for transmission.

[00124] A WTRU can transmit non-group data in a subresource associated with a group, but it can prioritize group data over non-group data. More specifically, the WTRU can use the entire subresource for group-based data as long as it has data associated with that group. Otherwise, it can use the resources to transmit non-group-based data as well.

[00125] A WTRU may delay the transmission of group data until the occurrence of its associated resource within the group or sub-resource. The decision to delay the transmission of group data may be conditioned by the time remaining until the occurrence of the group data (e.g., as determined by RCI) as well as the priority and / or latency requirements of the group data. For example, the WTRU may compare the time required for the transmission of group data after packet arrival with the expected occurrence of the group sub-resource. The WTRU may decide to delay transmission until the occurrence of the sub-resource, provided that the sub-resource occurs some time delta before the required transmission time. The time delta may be zero. If a WTRU determines not to wait for the group sub-resource, it may perform resource selection and transmission on a non-group resource.

[00126] A WTRU may be required to transmit data with a specific priority (e.g., as determined by PPPP) on the group resource. More specifically, the group resource may be Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 54 / 134 / 85 associated with data that has a specific priority. The priority associated with the group resource may be contained in the group's backup signal (e.g., in the ICS). A WTRU may be permitted to transmit only the group data that corresponds to the priority transmitted in the backup signal. The WTRU may also transmit data of any priority (e.g., lower than or higher than the priority in the backup signal) in the group resource.

[00127] A WTRU can change the priority associated with a group resource. The change can occur at the time the WTRU decides to perform the re-selection for the group resource, as described in this invention.

[00128] In addition to the data associated with the group, the WTRU can also transmit the RCI. The RCI can contain buffer information associated with the data destined for the group. For example, the WTRU can transmit the amount of data in its buffers destined for the group, possibly with priority / reliability or other QoS information. The WTRU can indicate within the RCI whether segmentation was necessary to transmit the data on the allocated resource. The WTRU can also indicate the packet size that required segmentation to fit into the group's sub-resource.

[00129] If the WTRU has no data to transmit associated with the group, it can transmit the RCI indicating that it does not need the resource in the next reservation period, or it can transmit a buffer state indicating that it has no data in its buffers associated with the resource.

[00130] A WTRU can indicate in the RCI that it was unable to use the group resource because the WTRU decided to use a transmission on a non-group resource (for example, because the group resource did not meet the WTRU's latency requirements). The WTRU can also indicate the amount of time during which the group resource was unable to meet the requirements. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 55 / 134 / 85 its latency requirements.

[00131] A WTRU can indicate to the RCI that it has detected an SCI transmission by another WTRU that schedules a non-group transmission that collides with its own scheduled group transmission.

[00132] A WTRU can indicate in the RCI the presence of buffer group data with a priority that is different from the priority allowed for transmission in the group resource.

[00133] A WTRU can make a resource reselection decision when the resource reserved for the group is an SPS-type resource or a future-scheduled resource intended for use by WTRUs in the group. Resource reselection can be performed by any WTRU in the group, or resource reselection can be performed by only a single WTRU. For example, in a case where each WTRU transmits the resource reservation signal, which may include SCI and RCI, to schedule its own transmissions, any WTRU can perform resource reselection before its own scheduled transmission. In a case where a single WTRU (e.g., a designated WTRU) transmits the SCI to schedule all sub-resources of the group, resource reselection can be performed by only a single WTRU in the group.

[00134] A WTRU can perform resource re-selection based on one or more of the following triggers or conditions. Resource re-selection can be performed by a WTRU before its own scheduled transmission on a resource or sub-resource. For example, a WTRU may not be allowed to perform resource re-selection until the WTRU determines (e.g., by RCI or member ID) that the next resource is reserved for its own transmission.

[00135] Resource reselection can be performed if a resource does not meet the WTRU's own latency requirements. For example, a WTRU may determine that the expected timing of its next resource Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 56 / 134 / 85 does not meet the latency requirements of a packet arriving from the upper layers. WTRU can perform a resource re-selection to schedule its own transmission at a later point in time compared to the scheduled periodic resource.

[00136] Resource re-selection can be performed if a resource does not meet the WTRU's own buffer requirements. For example, the WTRU may determine that the allocated resource / sub-resource would require L2 packet segmentation, and the WTRU may decide not to segment the packet.

[00137] Resource re-selection can be performed if the transmission of control information (e.g., RCI) from other WTRUs indicates that the latency and / or buffer requirements of other WTRUs are not met. For example, a WTRU may receive an RCI from one or more transmissions from another WTRU in the group. The WTRU may perform resource re-selection if one or more of the WTRUs indicate one or more needs to segment a packet to transmit it within the group resource, an inability to transmit group data within the allocated group resource due to the group resource not meeting latency requirements, and a sub-resource collision detection with another non-group transmission.

[00138] Resource reselection can be performed by detecting a scheduled transmission by another non-group WTRU or a non-group transmission that collides with a scheduled resource. This can potentially only be performed if the non-group transmission is determined to have a higher priority than the group transmission.

[00139] Resource reselection can be performed if a different vehicle, bandwidth, or beam outperforms the current vehicle, bandwidth, or beam by a predetermined or configured amount. For example, a WTRU might retain CBR measurements from Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 57 / 134 / 85 vehicle, current bandwidth and beamwidth in addition to other vehicles, bandwidths and beamwidths, and may decide to reselect when the CBR of another vehicle, bandwidth and beamwidth is lower than the current one.

[00140] A WTRU can receive RCIs from one or multiple WTRUs associated with its group. If the WTRU receives more than a predetermined or configured number of RCIs from different WTRUs, each indicating that the group's sub-resource was unable to meet latency requirements, the WTRU can perform resource reselection for the group's resource. The WTRU can use the latency requirements of the other WTRUs in the RCI to schedule the group's resource.

[00141] A WTRU can be configured to echo a resource reservation signal under one or more of the following conditions. The WTRU can echo the received resource reservation signal if it is configured to do so by the application layer, explicitly or implicitly (for example, by configuring a member ID that has a certain specific value and each member ID N that transmits the echo). The WTRU can echo the received resource reservation signal if the received value of the group SCI transmitted by the designated WTRU or any group RCI corresponding to the WTRU group has quality (for example, RSRP) below a threshold. The threshold may depend on the PPPP / PPPR of the admissible transmissions for the group.

[00142] The above method can be advantageous for use in a single WTRU that schedules sub-features for multiple WTRUs in subsequent subframes. If the distance between different WTRUs in a group is large, other WTRUs in the vicinity of the group may not be able to detect the initial SCI transmission and may select features that collide with the group feature. Repetition (i.e., echo) of the group feature can prevent such feature collision by other WTRUs performing feature selection. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 58 / 134 / 85

[00143] Now with reference to Figure 2, a diagram is shown illustrating a first group reservation method that uses subresource coordination. In this method, an SCI can schedule transmission to a single WTRU. The first WTRU 202 can transmit a first SCI 202 or a resource reservation signal to schedule transmissions for itself in a first reservation period 206. The future reservation in SCI 204 for a specific resource reservation period can be used to reserve resources for transmissions by other WTRUs in the group. The first WTRU 202 can transmit a group reservation using SCI 204, or an equivalent side link scheduling message, in combination with a first RCI 208. The first RCI 208 can be transmitted as a MAC CE on the PSSCH.

[00144] The first WTRU 202 can set the content of the SCI 204 to indicate the 210 resources that are scheduled by the first WTRU 202. The first WTRU 202 can indicate a future booking indication depending on whether the same resources are booked in a future booking period. The SCI 204 can include a group identifier field. The first WTRU 202 can set this field to the group ID of the group for which the resources are being booked. The scheduling information in the SCI 204 can indicate the specific resources booked in the scheduling information. The 210 resources can be one or a set of subframes / ranges and resource blocks within each subframe / range. The first WTRU 202 can include the first RCI 208 in its own transmissions in the resources indicated by the first SCI 204. The first RCI 208 can be sent as a multiplexed MAC CE with the transmissions of the first WTRU 202 in the PSSCH.The first RCI 208 may include an indication of whether or not the first WTRU 202 intends to use the same resource (reserved by the first SCI 204) in a subsequent reservation period 212 and / or the sequence of WTRUs that should utilize the resources. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 59 / 134 / 85 group in the next reservation period 212. As shown in Figure 2, the first WTRU 202 can use the first RCI 208 to indicate that a second WTRU 214 should transmit the resources in a second reservation period 212.

[00145] The first WTRU 202 may include the entire sequence of WTRU IDs so that the second WTRU 214 can know its own turn in the transmission sequence based on the WTRU ID of the last group reservation signal and this sequence. The second WTRU 214 may be a member of the same group and may decode the first SCI 204 containing the group ID and read the MAC CE. The second WTRU 214 may transmit the same resources in the second reservation period 212 if it determines that it is the next WTRU in the sequence (i.e., the resource is assigned as a traffic resource to this WTRU). Otherwise, the second WTRU 214 may only receive transmissions in the next reservation period and / or decode the first RCI 208.

[00146] The second WTRU 214 can transmit a second SCI 216 that schedules the resources in the second reservation period 212. The second WTRU 214 can also send a second RCI 218 in its own transmissions on the resources indicated by the second SCI 216. As shown in Figure 2, the second WTRU 214 can use the second RCI 218 to indicate that a third WTRU (not shown) should transmit the resources in a third reservation period.

[00147] Now with reference to Figure 3, a diagram is shown illustrating a second group reservation method that uses subresource coordination. In this method, an SCI can schedule transmissions for multiple WTRUs within a reservation period. Single WTRUs can be assigned to a subresource of the resource scheduled by the SCI. A future reservation can be used to reserve subsequent resources for the WTRUs in the case of periodic transmissions by the group. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 60 / 134 / 85

[00148] The first WTRU can transmit a group reservation signal using a first SCI 302 and a first RCI 304, for example, using PSSCH. The first WTRU can include scheduling information, group ID, and future reservation signals in the first SCI 302 during a first reservation period. The first WTRU can also transmit a formatting or indication of the sub-resources within the first reservation period 308. More specifically, the first WTRU can provide an indication of the size and location of each sub-resource in the resource reserved by the first SCI 302. The first WTRU can transmit data intended for the group indicated in the first sub-resource 306 indicated by the first SCI 302. Furthermore, the WTRU can transmit the first RCI 304 in a MAC CE using this first sub-resource 306. The MAC CE can contain the sequencing of the WTRU member ID transmissions to be used within the sub-resources.Each sub-resource can be used for data transmission from a single WTRU associated with the group. A WTRU that receives the first SCI 302 can determine the structure of the sub-resources and decode the first sub-resource 306.

[00149] Based on the content of the first RCI 304 transmitted in the first sub-resource 306, the WTRUs in the group can determine their own sub-resources. WTRUs can transmit group-associated data in their own sub-resources. For example, a second WTRU can transmit data in a second sub-resource 310 in the first reservation period 308. A third WTRU can transmit data in a third sub-resource 312 in the first reservation period 308. A fourth WTRU can transmit data in a fourth sub-resource 314 in the first reservation period 308. A WTRU can transmit utilization information using its own RCI. For example, the fourth WTRU can transmit a second RCI 316 indicating its resource usage information.

[00150] If a WTRU has no data being transmitted Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 61 / 134 / 85 associated with the group, it can transmit an RCI indicating that it will not need the resource in the next reservation period. This information can be used by the RCI initiator (e.g., a designated WTRU) to determine the schedule for the next reservation period or to determine whether the group's resource needs to be reserved for the next reservation period.

[00151] A WTRU that transmits the group reservation signal can determine the need to reserve group resources in a future reservation period based on RCI transmissions or control information in each of the sub-resources from a previous reservation period. More specifically, a WTRU can decode the RCI or similar control information from each WTRU in each of the sub-resources of a reservation period. Based on this information, the WTRU can determine whether or not to retain the resources for the next reservation period.The determination may be based on one or more of the following: the number of WTRUs that still have data to be transmitted associated with the group; the buffer occupancy of each WTRU in the RCI; the RSSI, RSRP detected, or similar in each of the sub-resources in the previous reservation period; and a random number of reservation periods, potentially chosen in the first transmission of the group reservation signal associated with the specific resources and which is reduced in each transmission of the reservation period associated with the same resources.

[00152] If the WTRU decides to retain the resources based on the conditions above, the WTRU may transmit a resource reservation signal associated with the same resources in the next reservation period. Alternatively, based on the information above, the WTRU may decide to conduct a re-selection procedure to reserve a different set of resources, possibly with a larger or smaller size, and possibly to accommodate the other WTRUs in the group based on Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 62 / 134 / 85 information sent in your RCI. Alternatively, the WTRU may decide to reserve the same set of resources or a different set of resources, but for use by a subset of the WTRUs in the group, possibly those that still have data to be transmitted. The WTRU may also decide not to reserve any resources during the reservation period and not to transmit any group reservation signal if, for example, none of the WTRUs have pending data in their buffers.

[00153] A WTRU configured to transmit a group reservation signal may select a random number between n1 and n2, and may transmit a group reservation signal with a set of future reservation indications. After transmitting each resource reservation signal, the WTRU may reduce the random number. When the random number reaches 0, the WTRU may perform a resource re-selection procedure for the group's resources provided that the WTRU still has data in its buffers and at least n WTRUs in the group have at least x bytes of data in their buffers associated with group communication. The WTRU may decide to retain existing resources in the next reservation period if the counter has not reached 0 and at least y of the WTRUs in the group have indicated that they still have at least x bytes of data in their buffers associated with group communication.Additionally, the WTRU can change the RCI for the transmission of the next group reservation signal to alter the set of WTRUs that have assigned sub-resources and the size of the sub-resources based on the RCI information received from each WTRU.

[00154] A WTRU may implicitly or explicitly associate a sub-resource within the resource set indicated by the resource reservation signal to be used for its own transmissions. A WTRU may determine the use of a specific sub-resource within the resources indicated in a reservation signal based on one or more of the following: an explicit mapping based on the ID or a similar identifier; Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 63 / 134 / 85 sequencing information, such as the RCI transmitted by a WTRU, the network, or the application layer, which may be transmitted in both PDCCH and PDSCH; the priority of the data to be transmitted, including data delay requirements; the arrival time of the data to be transmitted; the range of data to be transmitted; previous transmissions by other WTRUs on the same sub-resource (e.g., during a previous reservation period or before the transmission of the reservation signal); the measured RSRP, RSSI, or CBR associated with the sub-resource during a previous reservation period or associated with the a priori transmission of the reservation signal; the distance to or from the WTRU that transmitted the resource reservation signal; and the validity, from the perspective of the transmitting WTRU, of the detection results used by the WTRU that performed the resource selection.

[00155] A WTRU can determine the subresource on which it can send its own broadcasts based on an identifier assigned to it, such as a group member ID. For example, the WTRU can determine that it can use the i-th subresource if its N-module of group member ID = i.

[00156] A WTRU with pending transmissions associated with a group identifier can determine the sub-resources associated with its own transmission within the set of resources reserved for the group using resource coordination information (RCI).

[00157] A WTRU may determine its transmission sub-resource based on the RCI under certain conditions associated with the detection results used by the WTRU that performed the selection and / or transmission of the resource reservation signal. More specifically, a WTRU may use its transmission sub-resource indicated in the RCI if, and only if, its own detection results indicate the availability of its transmission sub-resource.

[00158] A WTRU can use its transmission sub-feature if, and Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 64 / 134 / 85 only if the quality of the received backup signal is above a certain limit.

[00159] A WTRU may use its transmission sub-resource if the distance to the WTRU that transmitted the resource reservation signal does not exceed a limit. In such a case, the RCI or resource reservation signal may contain the geolocation of the WTRU that transmitted the resource reservation signal.

[00160] If a WTRU is unable to use its sub-resources on the resources indicated by the reservation signal and / or the RCI, the WTRU may initiate its own resource reservation procedure (resource detection and selection) and / or retransmit the resource reservation signal, possibly using its own sub-resources or using a predefined sub-resource for this purpose.

[00161] A WTRU can determine the coordination of a group resource (that is, when to transmit within a resource reserved for a group) based on an ordering configuration from the application layer. More specifically, the WTRU can receive a member ID, member index, or similar index that indicates its sequence within the group. The sequence can dictate when and on which sub-resource the WTRU can perform its own transmission.

[00162] A WTRU can receive a group membership index of N and determine that it should transmit on the Nth sub-resource associated with a group reservation. The Nth sub-resource can be determined in time and frequency slots. For example, the SCI might designate x subchannels in y consecutive intervals and additionally designate a sub-resource to correspond to a single subchannel. The WTRU can then determine the Nth sub-resource by indexing (first by subchannel in a given interval) and continuing to index the subchannels in the next interval, until the Nth sub-resource is reached. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 65 / 134 / 85

[00163] A WTRU can determine the timing of its own transmissions based on its membership index as well as the membership index transmitted by other WTRUs in the same group in the reservation signal. For example, a WTRU with a membership index of N can transmit on the same resource that a resource reservation period occurs after detecting a transmission to the group that contains a group membership index of N-1 in the transmitted SCI or RCI.

[00164] A WTRU can additionally determine that it is the designated WTRU (that is, it must perform a resource reservation for the other WTRUs) if it is configured with a specific member ID value. For example, a WTRU with a member ID of 0 can determine that it needs to perform a resource reservation for the group of WTRUs. A WTRU that is configured with a member ID other than 0 does not perform a group reservation and only transmits on its own subresource or according to the sequence indicated by its member ID.

[00165] A WTRU can further determine that it needs to perform echo of the reservation signal based on its member ID. For example, certain member IDs may be associated with the task of echoing the reservation signal (e.g., all even-numbered member IDs must perform echo transmission of the reservation signal). The determination of the need to perform echo transmission can be based on both the member ID and the subresource configuration. For example, a WTRU may determine that it needs to perform echo transmission if the subresource configuration consists of x subresources in a given time window, and (member ID) (mod x) = 0. In other words, transmission of an echoed reservation signal may be required in each subresource configuration window.

[00166] A WTRU configured to monitor side link transmissions for a resource reservation signal can, upon reception Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 66 / 134 / 85, regarding the resource reservation signal associated with the group to which the WTRU belongs, treat all resources reserved by the reservation signal as a contention-based resource. More specifically, the WTRU may perform transmission on the entire resource if it has data available for transmission. The WTRU may then initiate a contention detection and / or contention resolution procedure after transmission to determine if its own transmission collides with the transmission of another WTRU. The procedure may consist of determining the RSCP measured on the shared resource during transmission on the shared resource. For example, a WTRU may perform an LBT procedure at the beginning of the reserved resource, and may transmit on the reserved resource if the channel is considered clear.

[00167] With reference to Figure 4, a diagram is shown illustrating a contention-based resource reservation method. A WTRU configured to monitor side-link transmission for a resource reservation signal can, upon receiving the reservation signal associated with the group to which the WTRU belongs, transmit on a portion of the resource depending on whether it detects another WTRU in the group that is already transmitting on that resource. For example, a WTRU might receive a sequence number for the initial sub-resource within a resource. The starting sub-resource associated with a specific WTRU can be determined by one or more of the WTRU's member ID and RCI. For example, the member ID might be in the range of 1 to N, and the initial sub-resource for that WTRU would be provided by the WTRU's member ID. The RCI can be transmitted periodically on the SCI or on one of the PSSCH sub-resources designated for RCI transmission.

[00168] A WTRU can determine whether it can transmit on the resource on a contention basis by detecting sub-resources that occur in the period before the location of its own starting sub-resource. If the WTRU determines that the resource is not busy (e.g., the RSRP of each one Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 67 / 134 / 85 of the sub-resources is below a limit), the WTRU may decide to transmit on the remainder of the resource, starting from the WTRU's own sub-resource. A sub-resource may consist of any one of an OFDM symbol, a range, a subframe, or multiple subframes, and may be limited to a certain number of frequency-contiguous (contiguous or non-contiguous) resource blocks. A sub-resource may or may not be contiguous in time. Sub-resources may themselves be contiguous or non-contiguous in time, and may or may not be associated with the same resource blocks. The format of the sub-resources and the number of sub-resources can be provided in one or more of the SCI, the RRC configuration or pre-configuration, and the data transmitted in a deterministic sub-resource (e.g., in a MAC CE).

[00169] As shown in Figure 4, the SCI 402 can schedule a set of sub-resources 404. The first WTRU that has a first sequential number can receive a first starting sub-resource 406 based on one or more of the methods described above. The first WTRU may not transmit on the first starting sub-resource 406. A second WTRU, which may receive a second sequential number, may detect that the first WTRU is not transmitting on the first starting sub-resource 406 and may determine that it can transmit on a second starting sub-resource 408. However, the second WTRU may not transmit on the second starting sub-resource 408. A third WTRU, which may receive a third sequential number, may detect that the second WTRU is not transmitting on the second starting sub-resource 408 and may determine that it can transmit on a third starting sub-resource 410. The third WTRU may start transmitting on the third starting sub-resource 410.The third WTRU can transmit through the remainder of the 404 sub-resource set.

[00170] The procedures described above for using resources reserved for a group of WTRUs can be applied for use with Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 68 / 134 / 85 resources programmed by the network. More specifically, a group of WTRUs can use the resources assigned by the network. As described in the present invention, several procedures can be added to enable the use of resources programmed by the network by a group of WTRUs.

[00171] A WTRU within a group can receive a group RNTI (Gr-V-RNTI) for resource allocations usable by all WTRUs in a group. The RNTI can be assigned to a WTRU in dedicated RRC signaling. A WTRU can receive the RNTI from the gNB by joining a V2X group. Alternatively, a WTRU can request a group RNTI when joining a group of WTRUs. For example, upon indication by the upper layers that a WTRU has joined, should join, or should form a group, a WTRU can request a group RNTI from the gNB using a side-link WTRU information or similar RRC message. The WTRU can receive a group RNTI as part of the signaling to establish a unicast / multicast link (e.g., a unicast link establishment request to the network or a side-link unicast link establishment message initiated by the network). WTRU can host the RNTI group in a dedicated configuration.The request for a group RNTI may also contain the WTRU group ID (as configured by the application layer) so that gNB can identify the WTRU group. The WTRU may also derive the group RNTI from the destination ID (e.g., the L2 ID that identifies the unicast / multicast group). For example, the WTRU may use all bits or the least / most significant bits of the destination ID associated with the unicast / multicast link as the group RNTI. Alternatively, the WTRU may derive the group RNTI from the initial L2 ID of one or any of the WTRUs associated with the unicast / multicast link.

[00172] A WTRU can monitor the PDCCH for a Gr-VRNTI when configured by the application layers as being part of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 69 / 134 / 85 a group and when configured by the network to perform network-scheduled V2X communication. Otherwise, a WTRU may not need to monitor Gr-V-RNTI. A WTRU that joins multiple groups may additionally receive different Gr-V-RNTI values ​​associated with the groups it has joined.

[00173] A V-RNTI of a designated WTRU can be used for all network-assigned resources to be used for communication within a group of WTRUs. A WTRU can learn about the designated WTRU's V-RNTI from coordination information (e.g., RCI) sent by the designated WTRU. Specifically, a WTRU, when it becomes a designated WTRU for a group (e.g., upon receiving an indication from the application layer), can transmit an RCI or similar coordination information over the side link to the other WTRUs in the group, including its network-assigned V-RNTI.

[00174] A WTRU can monitor the PDCCH that uses the V-RNTI of a designated WTRU when configured by the application layer as being part of a group and when configured by the network to perform network-scheduled V2X communication. Otherwise, a WTRU may not need to monitor the V-RNTI of a designated network.

[00175] A WTRU may also request permission from the network to use a V-RNTI from a designated WTRU. For example, upon receiving a V-RNTI from a designated WTRU, a WTRU may send a request / indication to the network before using the WTRU's V-RNTI and be allowed to transmit on sub-resources within the resources assigned by the network. A WTRU may additionally receive an indication from the network as to whether or not the WTRU may transmit within the resources assigned to the designated WTRU's V-RNTI.

[00176] A WTRU can transmit such a request / indication to the network regularly (for example, based on some timer), or by Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 70 / 134 / 85 change in distance (based on geolocation) in relation to the designated WTRU V-RNTI, change in the designated WTRU for the group or when joining another group.

[00177] A WTRU that monitors a V-RNTI associated with another WTRU may receive an additional indication (e.g., a DCI) on a resource grant from the network. A WTRU can use the indication to distinguish a resource grant usable by a group from a resource grant allocated only for use by the individual WTRU associated with the V-RNTI. The indication can take two values, group x individual. A group value indicates that the WTRU can use a subresource in the resources allocated using V-RNTI. An individual value indicates that this is not allowed.

[00178] A WTRU can transmit within a sub-resource of a network-allocated resource using the mechanisms described above for autonomous WTRU transmission, which can be based on RCI transmission by one or multiple WTRUs. Additionally, a WTRU can receive an RCI from the network as part of an RRC message, MAC CE, DCI, or similar message transmitted by gNB.

[00179] A WTRU can request semi-persistent side-link resources that can be used for a group of WTRUs. The WTRU can receive an indication from the application layer to initiate such a request to the network. More specifically, a WTRU can provide assistance information to request side-link SPS resources that reflect the resource requirements of a group of WTRUs. A WTRU can be responsible for the resource requirements of other WTRUs in a group when requesting SPS resources from the network and / or when sending WTRU assistance information for SPS resources from the network. More specifically, the WTRU requesting SPS resources can increase or scale the number of SPS resources needed compared to its Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 71 / 134 / 85 own resource requirements based on additional information. The additional information may include one or more of the following. The additional information may be the number of WTRUs in the group, possibly provided by the application layer. The additional information may be a factor (e.g., multiplier) compared to the WTRU's own resource periodicity, possibly provided by the application layer. The factor may represent the number of WTRUs in a group, the number of WTRUs in the group that have a blocking relationship, the number of WTRUs that need to process and retransmit a message, or the number of duplicates required for a message to be transmitted to the entire group.For example, if the WTRU determines that its communication periodicity for a specific service is 300 ms, and the application layer indicates a factor of 10, the WTRU can request SPS resources with a periodicity of 30 ms.

[00180] Additional information may include changes to the timing offset of SPS resources. Additional information may include QoS-related information (e.g., priority) of pending transmissions on the WTRU and destined for the group. Additional information may include range-related information, such as whether the data with pending transmissions that initiated the SPS request needs to be sent over long or short range. Additional information may include an operating frequency range, such as whether transmission between group members is above high frequency (e.g., mmWave).

[00181] A WTRU can initiate a request for SPS side link resources by sending WTRU assistance information. If the WTRU is the designated WTRU for a group (for example, as determined by the application layer), the assistance information can be based on the WTRU's own resource needs as well as the potential resource needs of other WTRUs. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 72 / 134 / 85 WTRU can request a shorter SPS period (e.g., by a factor of x) compared to its own SPS period. The factor of x can be received from the application layer or can be deduced / derived from information provided by the application layer.

[00182] A WTRU can determine the need for the periodicity of its own packet arrivals to be scaled, and an amount by which they should be scaled, in its request for SPS resources. This can be based on topology (e.g., the number of vehicles that may be in a blocking position, as indicated by the upper layers), frequency band (e.g., scaling may be necessary when transmission is in mmWave), and QoS (e.g., scaling may be necessary depending on the priority or reliability of packets received from higher layers).

[00183] A WTRU can use one or more of the following rules to determine whether the packet periodicity itself needs to be scaled before requesting SPS resources with a specific periodicity. Scaling can be performed if the transmission is in mmWave and with the use of beam angle < x. Scaling can be performed if the priority of the packets associated with periodic transmission is greater than a certain value. If scaling is performed based on one or more of the above determinations, scaling can be performed by the factor provided by the application layer.

[00184] A WTRU may determine the specific time / frequency resource it may use to transmit data intended for a specific group based on one or more of the following criteria. The WTRU may use the RCI or similar information transmitted by another WTRU via side link or network to determine the time / frequency resource. For example, sequencing information for resource usage between WTRUs may be contained in the RCI. The WTRU may use the timing of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 73 / 134 / 85 arrival of data in relation to the specific resource to determine the time / frequency resource. For example, a WTRU might assume that the resource with the lowest latency compared to packet arrival can be used for packet transmission. For example, the WTRU might use the next unique resource in time in the SPS grant that follows packet arrival at the AS layer.

[00185] A WTRU can use the WTRU ID within a group assigned by the application or network layer to determine the time / frequency resource. A WTRU that has a group WTRU ID M can transmit on the M-th (Mod n) resource in time of an SPS lease after receiving the lease. The M en values ​​can be provided by higher layers.

[00186] In addition, the WTRU may use the priority of the data to be transmitted, including data delay requirements, arrival time of the data to be transmitted, transmission range of the data to be transmitted, previous transmissions made by other WTRUs on the same sub-resource, and measured RSRP, RSSI, or CBR associated with the sub-resource or other sub-resources, possibly during a previous reservation period, to determine the time / frequency resource.

[00187] Based on SA1 requirements, the AS may be able to control the communication range for a message based on the characteristics of the message transmitted by a WTRU. These characteristics may be determined by the application layer and may be related to the application layer message type (e.g., intended for the entire group of WTRUs or intended for a single WTRU in a group). To ensure resource efficiency, a WTRU may set its transmission parameters to assume the worst-case transmission range, such as transmission from the group head to the group tail, or considering the worst-case group length, assuming that the WTRUs in a group... Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 74 / 134 / 85 group follow each other in a longitudinal manner along the path.

[00188] A WTRU can receive one or more parameters associated with the range of a message to be transmitted from the application layer. In this context, the term range can refer to the distance to be reached by a WTRU transmission or a distance over which a reliable transmission can be ensured. The one or more parameters may be associated with the QoS of the packet to be transmitted. The one or more parameters may be provided with each packet received from higher layers (e.g., range per packet). Alternatively, the WTRU may receive a range requirement QoS parameter associated with a specific destination address and / or a flow and / or carrier from the upper layer and may assume that the same range is applicable to all packets received with the same destination address / flow / carrier.Alternatively, the bandwidth requirement can be implicitly derived from other parameters provided by the upper layers, such as a specific QoS parameter, or the destination address (e.g., multicast vs. group broadcasting).

[00189] One or more parameters associated with the range may assume a finite number of values. Each value may be additionally associated with any of the following parameters. The value may be associated with a specific physical transmission distance using a single side link transmission. The value may be associated with a specific physical transmission distance that assumes a retransmitted side link transmission. The value may be associated with a physical transmission direction and / or corresponding coverage to determine whether the packet needs to be transmitted to vehicles behind said WTRU, both behind and in front of said WTRU, in all directions around said WTRU.

[00190] One or more parameters associated with the range may alternatively assume a finite number of values ​​with an association Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 75 / 134 / 85 qualitative, for example, short range, medium range and long range.

[00191] A WTRU can alter or adapt one or more transmission parameters for a packet based on the received bandwidth value associated with that packet. The bandwidth value can additionally be derived from a QoS characteristic associated with the packet (e.g., through a configured table). For example, a QoS value x might indicate a specific entry in a table, and that table entry might be additionally associated with a specific bandwidth value requirement. Bandwidth requirements can take any number of distinct possible values ​​(e.g., 1-x, or low / medium / high, etc.). This adaptation can enable the WTRU to achieve the bandwidth required for V2X transmission without having to assume the worst-case transmission parameters needed for all V2X transmissions.

[00192] A WTRU can associate one or more band values ​​with a specific unicast or multicast link. More specifically, the WTRU can associate one or more band values ​​with one or more of the following: a destination ID, a unicast / multicast link ID (determined by the WTRU, from the upper layer, or provided by the network), a logical channel, a radio carrier or group thereof, QoS flows, or a group of QoS flows. The WTRU can make the association at one or more of the following times: during the creation of a logical channel or radio carrier, initially, by the upper layers, of a unicast / multicast link with one or more WTRUs, and during signaling with the network to establish a unicast / multicast link with one or more WTRUs.

[00193] The WTRU can receive an association from the upper layers or the network. More specifically, the WTRU can receive an indication from the upper layers to initiate a unicast / multicast link with a specific destination ID and / or unicast / multicast link ID. The WTRU can receive an associated QoS value (e.g., VQI) of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 76 / 134 / 85, from which WTRU can derive a range. WTRU can then apply the transmission parameters applicable to the range values ​​for each packet it receives from the upper layers that have the specific destination ID or unicast / multicast link ID.

[00194] A WTRU can receive from the network the band value association for TX parameters. More specifically, a WTRU can initiate signaling with the network to establish a unicast / multicast link and can additionally provide the applicable band values ​​associated with that unicast / multicast link. The network can respond with the applicable TX parameters to be applied to transmit parameters associated with that link. Packets can be associated with a destination ID, logical channel, etc., as described above.

[00195] WTRU can determine the applicable transmission parameter to modify and the specific values ​​to assign to that parameter based on one or more of the network pre-configuration and configuration.

[00196] The WTRU can modify one or more of the following transmission parameters based on the band values ​​or band parameters received from the application layer: number of retransmissions in PSCCH and / or PSSCH, selected resource pool, minimum / maximum / average number of resources selected by the WTRU, use of TX diversity, TX power in PSCCH and / or PSSCH, MCS selected for transmission, beamforming characteristics (e.g., whether beamforming should be turned on / off, the beam angle to be used, whether to transmit in one or multiple beams, and in which beam directions to transmit relative to another WTRU transmission), and whether retransmission should be enabled / disabled.

[00197] WTRU can select a value or a set of values ​​from any of the above transmission parameters based on the range values ​​associated with such transmission. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 77 / 134 / 85

[00198] A WTRU may also determine the applicable value or values ​​of a given transmission parameter based on other measured aspects of the channel, such as one or more of the following: CBR measured on a feature set, CR measured on the WTRU, quality of a reference signal transmitted by the network or another WTRU, HARQ feedback from another WTRU, CQI measurements from another WTRU, and path loss measured between a WTRU and one or more other WTRUs (e.g., those involved in the unicast / multicast link).

[00199] A WTRU may be configured to maintain path loss estimates and / or channel quality estimates relative to a unicast link with a paired WTRU (e.g., by measuring a reference signal transmitted by the paired WTRU).A WTRU can be configured with a set of applicable values ​​for TX power in PSCCH and / or PSSCH for each combination of measured path loss and / or channel quality and bandwidth value. The WTRU can receive a packet associated with a destination address that has a bandwidth value linked to it. The WTRU can then select the allowed TX power values ​​for transmitting that packet based on the bandwidth parameter and the path loss and / or channel quality along the link with the paired WTRU (on the unicast link). The WTRU can further adapt the TX power along the permissible bandwidth based on the measured CBR of the channel.

[00200] A WTRU can receive an application layer packet marked as short-range, medium-range, or long-range. A WTRU can select a specific MCS value or select from a subset of allowed MCS values ​​for a short-range packet, select a different MCS or select from a different subset of allowed MCS values ​​for a medium-range packet, and similarly for a long-range packet. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 78 / 134 / 85

[00201] A WTRU can receive a packet from the application layer marked as short-range, medium-range, or long-range. A WTRU can use a beam angle of x1 for short-range packets, a beam angle of x2 for a medium-range packet, and a beam angle of x3 for a long-range packet when transmitting the packet through the air.

[00202] A WTRU may receive a packet from the application layer with a range parameter value indicating that the packet requires transmission in only one direction. The direction may be further specified (e.g., using cardinal directions or relative to the direction of a vehicle). The WTRU may decide to transmit the packet only on a single beam or subset of beams associated with the indicated direction. Alternatively, a different packet may indicate transmissions in all directions. In that case, the WTRU may decide to transmit the packet on all beams.

[00203] A WTRU can be configured with a TX power offset value, a maximum TX power, or a TX power computation formula for each of the range parameter values ​​that can be configured by the application layer. The WTRU MAC can indicate the appropriate TX power offset value, maximum TX power, or computation formula to the PHY layer when the MAC PDU is sent to the PHY layer for transmission. The PHY layer can then apply the offset / maximum / formula associated with the TX power calculation when transmitting the MAC PDU.

[00204] The range parameter associated with a transport block provided to the PHY layer may consist of the range associated with the worst-case packet (i.e., larger range) that can be multiplexed over the transport block.

[00205] A WTRU can estimate the estimated side link path loss values ​​based on the detection results. The WTRU can Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 79 / 134 / 85, process a set of such side link path loss estimates and determine a side link path loss range that corresponds to the range set configured by associating the configured short, medium, and long range ranges with an estimated path loss. For example, the WTRU might associate a 33rd percentile path loss estimate with short range, a 67th percentile path loss with medium range, and 100th percentile with long range. The WTRU might determine a side link power based on the side link path loss associated with the configured range. To enable path loss estimation, a WTRU might indicate the transmission power in the SCI information.

[00206] A WTRU can be configured with a set of transmission characteristics to be associated with each received bandwidth parameter value from the upper layers. For example, the bandwidth parameter value from the upper layers can assume a set of predefined values ​​(1, 2, ... N). For each parameter value, the WTRU can be configured to assign a desired N-tuple of transmission parameters, where each element in the N-tuple consists of one of the transmission parameters mentioned above, such as N-tuple, number of retransmissions, TX power, selected MCS, and beamforming angle. The WTRU can be configured with a bandwidth parameter table mapping to a distinct N-tuple. A WTRU can additionally be allowed to perform selection of any value or a subset of possible values ​​for one of the N-tuples. For example, the WTRU may have no preference for TX power or it may be selectable by the WTRU.Beam angle can be a selection from a subset of allowed / supported beam angles for a given range parameter value.

[00207] A WTRU can be configured with the applicable transmission parameter set via a transmission profile. The Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 80 / 134 / 85 A transmission profile may consist of a set of transmission parameters to be applied to a transmission on a side link. A WTRU may select, based on the characteristics of the data to be transmitted, such as its transmission range and / or QoS characteristics (e.g., priority or reliability) associated with the data, to perform the transmission using an associated transmission profile configured for that transmission range and / or QoS characteristic. The WTRU may use a first transmission profile for the transmission of a packet containing a first range characteristic, and it may select a second transmission profile for the transmission of a packet containing a second range characteristic.

[00208] The transmission profile can be configured by gNB (e.g., via RRC signaling), can be pre-configured, or can be inserted into the code in WTRU by specification. WTRU may additionally support a subset of code-inserted and defined transmission profiles and may indicate the supported transmission profiles for gNB and / or upper layers.

[00209] The transmission profile can influence one or more of the following WTRU transmission parameters. The transmission profile can dictate retransmissions in PSCCH and / or PSSCH. For example, a transmission profile can be associated with a number of retransmissions (e.g., from SCI) to be applied in PSCCH and / or PSSCH. The transmission profile can also dictate the time-frequency relationship between transmissions and retransmissions. For example, the time between transmission and retransmission can be fixed and determined by the transmission profile. The channel (or frequency location) of the retransmission can have a relationship with the frequency resource used by the initial transmission, and this relationship can be determined from the transmission profile.

[00210] The transmission profile can influence the resource pool Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 81 / 134 / 85 selected. For example, a transmission profile can restrict or dictate the resource pools that can be used for data transmission via side link.

[00211] The transmission profile can influence the use of TX diversity. For example, a transmission profile can indicate whether TX diversity (e.g., space diversity) should be applied to data transmission. A transmission profile can further configure diversity transmission settings (e.g., via resource hopping) by configuring the hopping pattern across ranges, beams, resources, BWPs, TX pools.

[00212] The transmission profile can influence the TX power in PSCCH and / or PSSCH. The transmission profile can determine the nominal or maximum transmission power to be used. It may also indicate the amount by which the transmission power can be increased / decreased with each initial transmission / retransmission and / or successful transmission / retransmission.

[00213] The transmission profile may influence the MCS selected for transmission.

[00214] The transmission profile can influence the beamforming characteristics. The transmission profile can determine or influence the beamforming characteristics for transmission. Characteristics may include achieving omnidirectional transmission or transmission along only a subset of beams, the ability to switch beam scanning on / off, and the angle of the beam or beamset to be used. The beamset may reference a specific reference direction, such as the direction of travel of a vehicle or a certain fixed direction (e.g., north).

[00215] The transmission profile can influence enabling / disabling retransmission. The transmission profile can indicate whether a transmission Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 82 / 134 / 85, determines whether or not a message should be transmitted to a relay. A WTRU, based on the transmission profile, can additionally indicate within the transmission (e.g., as a control element in the PDU of one of the AS layers such as MAC, RLC, PDCP) whether a specific message should be retransmitted, and with how many hops.

[00216] The transmission profile can influence the side-link transmission mode. The side-link transmission mode can determine whether the WTRU employs PC5 transmission or Uu transmission, whether the WTRU uses mode 3 or mode 4 for transmission, and / or whether the WTRU selects resources that enable sharing between the programmed gNB and the standalone WTRU or resources that are not shared.

[00217] The transmission profile can influence the bandwidth and frequency of the carrier to be used (e.g., indication of the bandwidth or carrier portion). For example, the transmission profile may indicate the BWP to be used for transmission.

[00218] The transmission profile can influence the control channel and / or the data channel format (i.e., interval / mini-interval format) and the OFDM symbol set to be used in time / frequency. For example, the WTRU can be configured to transmit the SCI or data using different PSCCH or PSSCH formats. The profile can further determine which of the allowed control channel formats will be used for PSCCH and / or PSSCH.

[00219] The transmission profile can influence the resource selection criteria for a single or periodic resource. A transmission profile can influence one or more criteria among the Mode 4 resource selection criteria (independent of WTRI). For example, each transmission profile may be associated with a different RSRP / RSSI / CBR or similar threshold to determine whether a resource is occupied by another WTRU transmission or is available for selection. Each transmission profile can Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, pp. 83 / 134 / 85, must be associated with a different criterion (e.g., maximum number of consecutive resources to be reserved or criteria for resource re-selection) to reserve or maintain the selected resources.

[00220] A WTRU can be configured with multiple transmission profiles and can be configured to use different transmission profiles depending on the area. More specifically, the WTRU can determine its current geographic location and apply the transmission profile configured for that geographic location.

[00221] The V2X application layer, or any of the higher layers described herein, in WTRU may be aware of the supported or configured transmission profiles at any given time and may select a transmission profile for transmitting a V2X message when sending the message for transmission via the AS layer. The application layer may provide an index to the selected transmission profile. For example, each transmission profile may be associated with a different range index, and the application layer may pass a range index to the lower layer along with the packet to be transmitted.

[00222] The WTRU AS can be configured with a set of transmission profiles (e.g., PF1, PF2, ... PFN). The WTRU can be further configured by gNB with a range parameter mapping (e.g., short, medium, long range or range1, range2, rangen) to the profiles. The configuration can be provided to the WTRU via RRC signaling, MAC CE, via SI, or by pre-configuration. When the application layer selects a specific range value to be used with a packet, the WTRU AS can then select one of the configured transmission profiles associated with that range value.

[00223] A WTRU can receive an association between a destination address, a carrier frequency, or similar parameters that identify the destination of the V2X message and the band in which to transmit it. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 84 / 134 / 85 message. The association may be in the form of a mapping between one or multiple destination addresses and / or carrier frequencies and / or bandwidth portions and a range value. The range value may have any form described herein (e.g., short range, medium range, long range, directional information, etc.). The mapping may be provided through configuration (e.g., pre-configuration or gNB / eNB configuration) or may be provided by the upper layer configuration. The mapping may also be changed by an updated configuration. WTRU may apply a specific transmission parameter or set of transmission parameters during the transmission of a V2X packet with the specific destination address at any time based on the destination address mapping to the range mapping.

[00224] A WTRU can maintain the destination address mapping to the range (e.g., short, medium, long range) received by gNB via RRC signaling. The WTRU can maintain such mapping until it receives a new mapping upon receiving a new RRC configuration. The WTRU can also apply or assume a default range (e.g., long range) for any destination addresses received from upper layers that have not been configured with a corresponding range value. Upon receiving a packet with a given destination address, the WTRU can apply a transmission parameter that satisfies the associated range characteristics. The determination can further be based on a transmission profile, as described in the present invention.

[00225] A WTRU can be configured with and maintain an association between a destination address, a carrier frequency, or a similar parameter to identify the destination of the V2X message and a transmission profile.The WTRU can receive this configuration from gNB / eNB, upper layers, and / or pre-configuration. Upon receiving a packet with a given destination address, the WTRU can apply the profile. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 85 / 134 / 85 transmission configured associated in order to transmit the packet.

[00226] A WTRU can have a two-stage mapping from the destination address to the transmission profile to configure the transmission parameter set. Each stage of the mapping can be configured / reconfigured by different entities / mechanisms or at different times. The WTRU can be configured by gNB and / or eNB and / or in pre-configuration with a mapping of profile numbers / indices to transmission parameter sets. The transmission parameter sets can consist of the configuration of any of the parameters associated with the transmission profile. The WTRU can then receive a mapping from the application layer of the destination address to the transmission profile, such as in the form of an index in a set of known transmission profiles (e.g., PF1, PF2, PF3, etc.). For example, destination address x can use transmission profile PF1.

[00227] A WTRU can provide a destination address to range index mapping and / or a transmission profile to gNB. The mapping can enable gNB to execute appropriate scheduling decisions for a Mode 3 type operation (i.e., scheduled by gNB). For example, a WTRU can provide a list of destination addresses to gNB in ​​an RRC message similar to the EU side link information message. The message can contain range information associated with each of the destination addresses. The WTRU can provide the range index associated with each destination address, as provided by the application layer in the WTRU. The WTRU can provide the destination address to range index mapping to gNB in ​​one or more of the following events.

[00228] WTRU may provide the target mapping to the range index in a mapping change initiated by the WTRU application layer, possibly as a result of receiving new information. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 86 / 134 / 85 regarding the mapping of the V2X control function or any other network function on the main network.

[00229] WTRU may provide the target mapping to the track index in a transition by WTRU to RRC_CONNECTED, possibly if the mapping has been changed while WTRU was operating in RRC_IDLE / RRC_INACTIVE.

[00230] A WTRU can provide destination mapping for the track index on handover in case a WTRU performs side link transmission while in RRC_CONNECTED.

[00231] Additionally, WTRU can provide target mapping to the range index in a RAN area update or tracking area update, during the selection of a new PLMN by WTRU (i.e., PLMN change) and when WTRU changes the geographic area that can be pre-configured in WTRU.

[00232] The WTRU can assign a distinct set of logical channels to packets with a specific range parameter value. For example, logical channel IDs L1-L2 can be used for packets marked as short-range, logical channel IDs L3-L4 can be used for packets marked as medium-range, and logical channel IDs L5-L6 can be used for packets marked as long-range. The WTRU can select the specific logical channel ID within the allowed set for a specific range value based on other QoS-related factors (e.g., priority). That is, the WTRU can select the logical channel ID with the lowest value within the set for medium range for a high-priority packet to be set to medium range. The allowed sets can also be configured by the network or can be pre-configured in the WTRU.

[00233] A WTRU can tag an SDU with a specific track identifier value in the AS based on the parameter value of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 87 / 134 / 85 range. The range identifier value for mapping the range parameter value can also be configurable. The WTRU cannot prevent a packet with a specific range identifier value from using a specific logical channel. Instead, the WTRU can take the range parameter value / identifier into account in L2 processing at the PDCP, RLC, and MAC layers. For example, during the segmentation of an SDU, a WTRU can associate the specific range identifier value or range parameter value with each of the SDU segments.

[00234] A WTRU can perform multiplexing / concatenation of SDUs at any layer (e.g., RLC and / or MAC) so that two packets with a different range parameter value are never concatenated / multiplexed. Alternatively, the WTRU can perform multiplexing between different logical channels so that the set of logical channels associated with different range parameters are never multiplexed together.

[00235] A WTRU can perform selective multiplexing / concatenation of packets and / or logical channels depending on the band parameter itself. For band parameter x, multiplexing may be allowed, while for band parameter y, multiplexing may not be allowed. For a band parameter value associated with the transmission direction, the WTRU can perform concatenation / multiplexing. For a band parameter associated with TX power, the WTRU may not perform concatenation / multiplexing. These rules can be specified or configured for the WTRU by RRC or pre-configuration. A WTRU can additionally select a resource / grant for a PDU that is identified as being restricted to a specific band based on a band associated with that PDU. The band can be the worst band.

[00236] A WTRU can determine the transmission parameters to be used for a MAC PDU that contains logical channels or packets. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, pp. 88 / 134 / 85, which have different range parameter values. The determination can be based on specific rules depending on the range parameter value. More specifically, when the WTRU receives multiple range parameters for a given packet, the WTRU can be configured with specific behavior for each range parameter. The WTRU can be configured to use a combination / sum. For example, if packets associated with different transmission directions are multiplexed, the MAC PDU can be transmitted in each of the directions associated with different range parameter values ​​in that packet. The WTRU can be configured to use maximum transmission power. For example, if packets associated with a different TX power are multiplexed into a MAC PDU, the MAC PDU can be transmitted with the maximum TX power associated with any of the parameter values ​​provided in the packet.

[00237] The WTRU can be configured to use a minimum beam angle. For example, if packets associated with a different beam angle are multiplexed into a MAC PDU, the MAC PDU can be transmitted with the minimum beam angle associated with any of the parameter values ​​provided in the packet. The WTRU can be configured to use an average value among the above parameters.

[00238] A WTRU can also change the rules associated with parameter selection (for example, using an average value instead of a maximum value) depending on the resource selection criteria. Resource selection criteria may include, but are not limited to, currently measured CBR, percentage of current resource availability or intermediate resource availability from detection results, and average RSSI of available resources.

[00239] A WTRU can include information associated with the range in the side link buffer status reports for gNB. The information from Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, p. 89 / 134 / 85 range can be explicitly provided. The WTRU can provide a quantity of data in the WTRU buffers associated with each range parameter value. For example, for a range parameter that can assume short range, medium range, and long range, the WTRU can report a quantity of data in the buffer for each of these three values.

[00240] A WTRU can provide this information implicitly using mapping, possibly configurable, to the reported logical channel group. For example, a new set of logical channel groups can be reported. Each logical channel group can be associated with a range or a set of ranges of parameter values. The mapping between the range parameter value and the logical channel group can be further configurable. For example, an LCG can be mapped to one or more PPPP and one or more range parameter values. The WTRU can report the buffer state associated with each LCG by determining the number of packets in the WTRU buffers associated with the configured PPPP values ​​and range parameter values.

[00241] A WTRU can report a single bandwidth parameter value for the network for each reported LCG. The single parameter value per LCG can be derived similarly to the transmission parameter selection for multiplexed MAC PDUs described above. More specifically, the single parameter value can be a combination, a maximum, a minimum, or an average. For example, the WTRU can determine all the different beam directions of packets in each of the logical channels associated with an LCG and pending data in those logical channels. The WTRU can report this set of beam directions along with the buffer status for that LCG. The set of beam directions can be mapped to a specific number (identifier) ​​by configuration or standardized mapping.

[00242] The data available in the PHY layer can be tagged with a different resource characteristic depending on the identifier of Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 90 / 134 / 85 range parameter described above. A WTRU can execute independent feature selection procedures for each independent range parameter identifier provided above. Each feature selection procedure can have specific rules dependent on the associated range parameter identifier to which it is linked. Furthermore, the WTRU can execute feature selection for a first range parameter value and a second feature selection for a second range parameter value.

[00243] A WTRU can perform feature selection for data that requires a particular transmission direction different from another transmission direction. Specifically, the WTRU can only consider certain features for feature detection / selection.

[00244] With reference to Figure 5, a flowchart is shown illustrating the first group reservation method using subresource coordination. In step 502, the WTRU can receive a first SCI element from a second WTRU within a group. In step 504, the WTRU can receive a first RCI element within a first set of resources scheduled by the first SCI. The first RCI can include information about which WTRU in the group is scheduled to use a second set of resources. In step 506, the WTRU can determine, based on the first RCI, that one or more subresources within the second set of resources are available. In step 508, the WTRU can transmit data on one or more subresources.

[00245] Although the resources and elements are described above in specific combinations, one skilled in the art should consider that each resource or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other resources and elements. Furthermore, the methods described herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware embedded in a computer-readable medium for execution by a Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 91 / 134 / 85 computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted through wired and / or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROMs and / or digital versatile discs (DVDs). A processor in association with software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, an EU, a terminal, a base station, an RNC, and / or any host computer. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, pp. 92 / 134

Claims

1 / 3 CLAIMS 1. Wireless transmit / receive unit, WRTU, configured for side-link communication, the WRTU being characterized by comprising: a transceiver; and a processor, wherein: the transceiver is configured to receive side-link radio carrier configuration information, SLRB, from a network, wherein the SLRB configuration information comprises a mapping of quality of service, QoS, flows to an SLRB; the processor is configured to receive a data packet for transmission, the data packet having an associated band parameter value; the processor is further configured to establish an SLRB for the data packet having the associated band parameter value based on the received QoS flow mapping to an SLRB; the processor is further configured to select at least one data transmission parameter based on at least the band parameter value;The transceiver is configured to transmit the data packet based on at least one selected data transmission parameter.

2. Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the data packet is received from a higher layer.

3. Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the range parameter value corresponds to a physical distance.

4. Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the range parameter value indicates a physical distance along which a data packet QoS must be satisfied.

5. Unit according to claim 1, characterized by Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 93 / 134 2 / 3 where at least one data transmission parameter comprises at least one of: a modulation and coding scheme, MCS, a transmission power or a maximum number of retransmissions.

6. Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one selected data transmission parameter is based on a network-configured mapping.

7. Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one selected data transmission parameter is based on a CRB value.

8. Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one selected data transmission parameter is based on a logical channel priority.

9. A method for side-link communication, implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method being characterized by comprising: receiving side-link radio carrier (SLRB) configuration information from a network, wherein the SLRB configuration information comprises a mapping of quality of service (QoS) flows to an SLRB; receiving a data packet for transmission, wherein the data packet has an associated band parameter value; establishing an SLRB for the data packet that has the associated band parameter value based on the received QoS flow mapping to an SLRB; selecting at least one data transmission parameter based on at least one band parameter value; and transmitting the data packet based on at least one selected data transmission parameter.

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized by Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, page 94 / 134 3 / 3 the data packet being received from a higher layer.

11. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the range parameter value corresponds to a physical distance.

12. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the range parameter value indicates a physical distance along which a data packet QoS must be satisfied.

13. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one data transmission parameter comprises at least one of: a modulation and coding scheme, MCS, a transmission power or a maximum number of retransmissions.

14. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one selected data transmission parameter is based on a network-configured mapping.

15. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one data transmission parameter is based on a channel busy ratio value, CRB.

16. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one selected data transmission parameter is based on a logical channel priority. Petition 870240096476, dated 11 / 11 / 2024, pp. 95 / 134

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