Vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle, preferably a commercial vehicle, a bus or a city bus. The electrically powered vehicle (1) comprises an electric machine (2) that can be operated as a generator, an electrical energy storage device (3), an electrically conductive part of the vehicle and a control device (5). The electrical energy storage device (3) is designed to receive electrical energy (4) from the electric machine (2) and / or to emit electrical energy (4) to the electric machine (2). The control device (5) is designed to discharge the electrical energy (4) generated in the operation as a generator of the electric machine (2) to the electrically conductive part of the vehicle for conversion into thermal energy when at least one predetermined energy dissipation condition is met, wherein the electrically conductive part of the vehicle is a vehicle structure (6) and / or a vehicle chassis (7) and / or a body (8).

Description

1 / 17 VEHICLE

[001] The invention relates to a vehicle, preferably a commercial vehicle, a bus or a city bus.

[002] In practice, electrically powered vehicles are known to have an electric machine that can be operated as a motor and generator or a combination of an electric machine and an internal combustion engine (hybrid applications) to power the vehicle, as well as an electrical energy storage device designed to receive electrical energy from the electric machine and / or send electrical energy to the electric machine. Through this, the operation of an electric machine as a generator to recover the vehicle's kinetic energy is known. The electric machine converts kinetic energy into electrical energy, typically to support a desired braking process. The recovered electrical energy is usually supplied to the electrical energy storage device. If the electrical energy storage device reaches its capacity limit or if there is a technical fault, the electrical energy generated by the generator can no longer be received and must be dissipated in another way.

[003] It is known in the state of the art that, in the case of full or defective energy storage devices, electrical energy can be converted into thermal energy by means of braking resistors. A conductive element creates a defined short circuit in the braking resistors. The resulting thermal energy is transferred to the cooling medium and dissipated. To dissipate this heat, the braking resistors currently need to be cooled by means of additional cooling circuits. This leads to additional costs and energy expenditure.

[004] In this context, document DE 102 26 308 A1 describes an electrodynamic drive device for a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine, with an electric machine that can be operated as a motor / generator, with an electrical energy storage device and with a control and regulating device that controls and regulates the state of charge. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 12 / 35 2 / 17 of the electrical energy storage device recognizes the achievement of a predetermined state of charge of the electrical energy storage device. When this predetermined state of charge is reached, the electrodynamic drive device is connected to at least one electrical consumer, and the excess energy is supplied to the electrical consumer. The disadvantage of the DE 102 26 308 A1 technical teaching is that the electrical loads connected downstream to dissipate the electrical energy may be damaged by electrical overload. Furthermore, the operation of certain electrical consumers may be undesirable in certain situations (e.g., passenger compartment cooling operation in winter or passenger compartment heating in summer, etc.), so electrical energy can only be discharged to these consumers up to a certain point in these situations.Furthermore, especially in heavy commercial vehicles, where the power required for continuous braking is more than 100 kW, a very large amount of excess electrical energy can be generated when driving downhill, which cannot be fully dissipated to such electrical consumers or stored back in the electrical energy storage system.

[005] It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a technique for the operationally reliable conversion of excess electrical energy in vehicles, whereby the disadvantages of known techniques can be avoided. The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide an approach to converting excess energy, which can be implemented economically and with little construction effort.

[006] These objects are reached by a vehicle with the characteristics of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and applications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims and will be explained in more detail below by partial reference to the Figures. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 13 / 35 3 / 17

[007] According to a general aspect of the invention, a vehicle is provided, comprising an electric machine, a storage device for electrical energy, an electrically conductive part of the vehicle and a control device.

[008] The electric machine can, for example, be designed as a direct current machine or an alternating current machine. The electric machine can be an electric machine to power the vehicle. In principle, however, all variants of electric machines are conceivable. The electric machine can be operated as a generator. In addition to operation as a generator, the electric machine can be designed to be operated as a motor, preferably to power the vehicle. In motorized operation, electrical energy is absorbed by the electric machine, while in operation as a generator, electrical energy is emitted by the electric machine.

[009] The electrical energy storage device, hereinafter also referred to as an electrical energy storage device, is designed to receive electrical energy from an electric machine, for example, in operation as a generator, and / or to transmit electrical energy to an electric machine, for example, in operation as a motor of the electric machine. The electrical energy storage device may be used as a storage battery, for example, be designed as a lithium-ion battery, as a supercapacitor storage device, as a hydraulic storage device, flywheel storage device, or as a hybrid energy storage device with accumulator elements and supercapacitor elements.

[010] The electrically conductive part of the vehicle can, for example, be made of an electrically conductive metal.

[011] The control device is designed to divert electrical energy, which is generated in the operation as a generator of the electric machine, to the electrically conductive part of the vehicle when at least one predetermined condition is met. Therefore, it may be, for example, that Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 14 / 35 4 / 17 This does not refer to electrical energy that cannot be stored back in the electrical energy storage device or is surplus. This need is referred to below as the energy dissipation condition. The energy dissipation condition is preferably defined so that it is satisfied when the vehicle is in an operational situation where the electric machine generates excess electrical energy that can no longer be stored in the electrical energy storage device but must be dissipated.

[012] According to the invention, the electrically conductive part of the vehicle is a vehicle structure, a vehicle chassis and / or a vehicle body or at least an electrically conductive part or partial area of ​​the vehicle structure, the vehicle chassis and / or the vehicle body. In this case, the control device can be designed to discharge the electrical energy generated in the operation as a generator of the electric machine as a short-circuit current, triggering a short circuit with the electric vehicle part serving as a resistance element.

[013] The vehicle structure can be designed, for example, as a ladder structure comprising two longitudinal supports connected by transverse bars.

[014] According to the underlying understanding, the vehicle structure may also be any component that is mounted on a basic vehicle as defined by the vehicle manufacturer (OEM). By way of example only, an electrically conductive vehicle structure or its electrically conductive parts may include: any form of electrically conductive structure, for example, superstructures for agriculture, forestry and waste management, for example: Tank / silo, wood chipper, garbage collector, superstructures for construction sites and crane vehicles, for example dump trucks, crane applications, superstructures for special vehicles, for example, fire brigade, etc. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 15 / 35 5117

[015] Consequently, to dissipate the excess electrical energy, a defined short circuit on existing vehicle parts, for example the electrically conductive structure of the vehicle or an electrically conductive chassis, can be shown.

[016] In other words, when the predetermined energy dissipation condition is met, the vehicle structure, the vehicle chassis and / or the body is used as a resistance brake. In other words, an existing electrically conductive part of the vehicle is used as a braking resistor, so that it is not necessary to provide an additional braking resistor, whose function is only to serve as a braking resistor.

[017] A particular advantage of this is that, due to the low heating resulting from the large thermal mass and good heat dissipation by convection due to the relatively large surface area, an additional cooling circuit and additional components, such as a separate braking resistor, can be dispensed with or reduced in size. This relieves the load on an existing cooling system and achieves cost advantages. A particular advantage is that the additional braking resistor element can be omitted and the cooling system is thus significantly relieved.

[018] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the vehicle is a commercial vehicle, for example, a truck, and the electrically conductive part of the vehicle that is used to discharge excess energy is the vehicle structure and / or the chassis of the commercial vehicle. It has already been stated above that, particularly in heavy commercial vehicles, where the power required for continuous braking can be several hundred thousand kW, when driving downhill in braking mode as a generator of the electric machine, a very large amount of excess electrical energy can be generated, which must be dissipated when the energy storage is full or defective. By dissipating this excess energy Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 16 / 35 6 / 17 electrical energy and converting it into thermal energy through the vehicle's structure and / or chassis, a particularly economical approach to providing a resistance brake is possible.

[019] According to another aspect of the invention, the electrical energy discharged to the electrically conductive part of the vehicle can be emitted directly to the environment as thermal energy. The electrical energy can preferably be discharged to the environment as thermal energy directly through the vehicle part, without an interposed cooling circuit. As a result, the costs of an additional cooling circuit can be saved, which also presents maintenance advantages.

[020] Using the vehicle structure, vehicle chassis and / or body to discharge excess energy also offers advantages over known solutions with regard to system overload protection. In particular, if a large amount of electrical energy is discharged from the electric machine to the vehicle structure and / or vehicle chassis and / or body for an extended period, these typically do not heat up to a safety-relevant extent due to their mass and thermal inertia. Furthermore, the vehicle structure and / or vehicle chassis and / or body are not electrified consumers that could be damaged by a strong electrical overload. Overall, the aspects described result in cost advantages and increased operational reliability, as well as reduced installation space requirements.

[021] According to one embodiment, the predetermined energy dissipation condition can be satisfied if a state of charge of the electrical energy storage device exceeds a predetermined limit value. The predetermined energy dissipation condition can preferably be satisfied when the electrical energy storage device is fully charged. The term fully charged, Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 17 / 35 7 / 17, as understood in the context of the present invention, indicates that a predetermined, preferably sensitive, capacity limit of the electrical energy storage device has been reached, such that further reception of electrical energy is no longer possible. It should be noted here that this sensitive capacity limit may vary depending on the application, since electrical energy storage devices are generally not fully charged and discharged due to their lifespan. Furthermore, the predetermined, preferably sensitive, capacity limit may also depend on whether the thermal limits of the electrical energy storage device are reached. The advantages of this embodiment should be seen in particular in the fact that the electrical energy storage device can be operated within an ideal range and can be protected against overload.

[022] According to another aspect of the invention, the predetermined energy dissipation condition can also be satisfied if there is a technical defect in the electrical energy storage device. The term “technical defect,” as understood in the context of the present invention, indicates that the electrical energy storage device can no longer perform its function, at least in part. This embodiment offers the advantage that a potentially safety-critical supply of electrical energy to a defective electrical energy storage device can be avoided. Overall, this embodiment further increases the safety of the system.

[023] According to another embodiment, the control device may be designed to use part of the electrical energy to operate at least one electrified auxiliary unit when the predetermined energy dissipation condition is met. This embodiment has advantages, since the electrical energy required for the operation of the electrified auxiliary units can, at least partially, be guaranteed by non-returnable energy and, therefore, by excess electrical energy. Overall, there are advantages with regard to the overall efficiency of the vehicle. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 18 / 35 8 / 17

[024] According to another aspect of the embodiment described above, at least one electrified auxiliary unit may be a fan, a cooler, an electric passenger compartment heater, a front window heater, a rear window heater, a pressurized air compressor, a water pump, a hydraulic pump, an air conditioning compressor and / or an oil pump.

[025] The vehicle may be a vehicle operated exclusively electrically or a vehicle designed as a hybrid vehicle and, for example, may also be driven by an internal combustion engine.

[026] The preferred embodiments and features of the invention described above may be combined as desired. Other features and advantages of the invention are described below by reference to the accompanying figure. The figures show: Figure 1 is a highly schematic representation of the vehicle structure according to one embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the vehicle's functionality according to another embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a low-voltage electrical system of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the invention; and FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a high-voltage network on board a vehicle according to another embodiment of the invention.

[027] Identical or functionally equivalent elements are denoted by the same reference symbols in all figures and, in some cases, are not described separately.

[028] The two views in FIG. 1 are highly schematic views of the vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention, which are intended only to provide a clear illustration of some of the components thereof. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 19 / 35 9 / 17 embodiment of the invention. Other essential components of this embodiment of the invention have been omitted for clarity.

[029] The top view in FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an electrically operated commercial vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. In this highly schematic side view, a vehicle chassis 7 and a driver's cab 8 can be seen. The driver's cab 8 is located in a lower part of the commercial vehicle 1, which contains the vehicle structure, which connects three axles of the trailer vehicle 8 of the commercial vehicle 1.

[030] The bottom view in FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic and simplified plan view of the underside of the commercial vehicle 1. In order to better emphasize the features of the invention, only the components of the commercial vehicle that are important for explaining the invention are shown here. Other switches connected to the electrical system, such as switches, inverters, etc., which can be designed in the usual way, are not shown. The illustrated electrically driven commercial vehicle 1 comprises an electrical machine 2 which is arranged, for example, on a rear axle of a towing vehicle and which generates the drive power of the commercial vehicle 1. The electrical machine 2 is designed to supply electrical energy 4 in motor mode and / or absorb electrical energy 4 in generator mode. The electrical machine 2 can be designed, for example, as a three-phase or direct current motor.

[031] In the exemplary embodiment shown, electric machine 2 is connected in a driven manner to the second rear axle of the towing vehicle of vehicle 1. Electric machine 2 can, however, for example, be implemented as wheel hub motors that are directly connected to the wheels of vehicle 1.

[032] The electric machine 2 is also electrically connected to an electrical energy storage device 3, hereinafter referred to as electrical energy storage device 3 for short. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 20 / 35 10 / 17 Fig. 1, the electrical energy storage device 3 is designed as an accumulator or battery storage unit, for example, as a lithium-ion battery. The electrical energy storage device 3 is designed to emit electrical energy 4 to the electrical machine 2 and / or receive it from the electrical machine 2. The electrical energy storage device 3 and the electrical machine 2 are electrically coupled to each other in a manner known per se by means of an onboard network, for example, a high-voltage onboard network (not shown).

[033] The electrically powered commercial vehicle 1 also has an electrically conductive vehicle structure 6 in the form of a ladder structure, comprising two longitudinal supports connected with crossbars. In addition, a control device 5 is provided, for example, in the form of a control apparatus. The control device 5 is designed, when at least one predetermined energy dissipation condition is met, not to feed the electrical energy 4 generated in the operation as a generator of the electric machine 2 to the electrical energy storage device 3, but instead to discharge it to the vehicle structure 6. For this purpose, the control apparatus generates a deliberate short circuit throughout the vehicle structure 6. The vehicle structure 6, therefore, serves not only as a vehicle support piece but is also used as a braking resistor.

[034] The operating mode of the electrically operable vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the invention is explained below with the aid of the schematic illustration in FIG. It is emphasized, however, that instead of the exemplary embodiment shown here and described below, the motor drive need not be electric, but may alternatively or additionally be implemented by an internal combustion engine with a corresponding electric brake and braking resistor. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 21 / 35 11 / 17

[035] In operation as an optional motor, electric machine 2 receives electrical energy 4 from the storage unit for electrical energy 3. In operation as a generator, electric machine 2 emits electrical energy 4.

[036] A control device 5 triggers the discharge of electrical energy 4 generated by the electric machine 2 to the electrically conductive vehicle structure 6 when the predetermined energy dissipation condition is met in operation as a generator of the electric machine 2. The predetermined energy dissipation condition is met in this exemplary embodiment when the state of charge of the energy storage device 3 exceeds a limit value, for example, when the energy storage device 3 is fully charged or if the energy storage device 3 is defective. If, in this exemplary embodiment, the energy storage device 3 is not fully charged and fully functional in operation mode as a generator of the electric machine 2, the electrical energy 4 generated by the electric machine 2 is transferred to the energy storage device 3 by means of, for example, a supplied high-voltage electrical system shown in Figure 4.However, if the control device 5 detects within the scope of monitoring the state of charge of the electrical energy storage device 3 that it is fully charged or faulty, the control device 5, operating as a generator, through the intentional triggering of a short circuit, conducts the excess electrical energy 4 in the form of a short-circuit current to the vehicle structure 6 serving as a resistor element, namely as a resistance brake. The generation of an intentional short circuit 10 of the positive and negative poles by the control device 5 is shown schematically in FIG. The short-circuit current is produced by means of at least two electrical connections. The connection positions determine the value of the electrical resistance of the electrical connection and must be fixed so that they correspond to the design of the required braking resistor, for example, in. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 22 / 35 12 / 17 terms of duration and peak braking performance. In principle, any (partial) part of the vehicle 6 or vehicle 7 structure can function as a resistance element. It plays a subordinate role here where the contact is made on the vehicle 6 structure or the vehicle 7 chassis. Maximizing the distance between the contacts is positive for functionality. Connections can be designed differently, for example, as clamps, threaded screws, or welded. Possible components for implementing the electrical connection include fuses, contactors, switches, converters, so-called braking choppers, and / or capacitors.

[037] The excess electrical energy supplied to the vehicle structure 6 via the short-circuit current is converted into thermal energy in the vehicle structure 6, since it acts as an ohmic resistor, and is then emitted into the environment. Due to the low heating resulting from the large thermal mass of the vehicle structure 6 and the good heat dissipation by convection due to the relatively large surface area of ​​the vehicle structure 6, it does not need to be cooled when used as a resistance brake, so that an additional cooling circuit and additional components acting as a braking resistor are dispensed with. In particular, in the case of heavy commercial vehicles that generate large amounts of excess energy in braking operation as a generator for the electric machine during long downhill journeys, such large amounts of excess energy can be reliably and economically removed in this way.Alternatively or additionally, excess energy can also be supplied analogously to a vehicle chassis 7 with electrical conductivity, which functions as a braking resistor. This is also shown in FIG. 2.

[038] In another embodiment, the excess electrical energy may alternatively or additionally be discharged through an intentional short circuit with the vehicle chassis or at least with one or more Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 23 / 35 13 / 17 electrically conductive parts of the vehicle chassis, so that the vehicle chassis or its electrically conductive parts function as a braking resistor. Exemplary vehicle chassis parts or components that are particularly suitable for this purpose include any form of electrically conductive structure, and, for example, superstructures for agriculture, forestry and waste management (e.g., tank / silo, wood chipper, garbage collector), superstructures for construction sites and crane vehicles (e.g., dump trucks, crane applications), superstructures for special vehicles (e.g., fire engine).

[039] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary implementation of the basic principle shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for the case of a low-voltage on-board network, in order to be able to discharge excess electrical energy to the vehicle structure and / or vehicle chassis as desired. For this purpose, FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a vehicle's low-voltage electrical system according to another embodiment of the invention.

[040] Low voltage on-board network means an on-board network with a nominal voltage of up to 60 V, for example on-board networks with nominal voltages of 12 V, 24 V and / or 48 V. In a manner known per se, the vehicle electrical system may also comprise two or more vehicle electrical systems that have different nominal voltages (not shown).

[041] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the drive can be performed by an electric machine 2 and / or an optional internal combustion engine 12, whose drive power is transmitted to a driven shaft by means of an optional transmission 11. If the electric machine 2 is braked, reducing the speed, the electric machine 2 enters operation as a generator. The electric machine 2 generates alternating current in operation as a generator, which is converted into direct current in an inverter 13. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 24 / 35 14 / 17

[042] A control device 5 is responsible for energy management. As already described in connection with FIG. 2, the control device 5 monitors whether a predetermined energy dissipation condition is met, for example, whether a predetermined capacity limit of the electrical energy storage device 3 has been reached. As mentioned above, the predetermined capacity limit may be different for different operating phases and also take into account the thermal limits of the electrical energy storage device 3.

[043] The control device 5 is designed to discharge the electrical energy generated during operation as a generator of the electric machine 3, when at least one predetermined energy dissipation condition is met indicating that the excess electrical energy cannot be stored in the electrical energy storage device as a short-circuit current, by triggering a short circuit with the electric vehicle structure 6 and / or the vehicle chassis 7, which serve as braking resistance. For this purpose, the control device 5 controls a controller 5a, which is signal-connected to an electrical switch 14, in order to disconnect the electrical energy storage device 3 from the on-board network and instead direct the excess electrical energy through the short circuit 10 to an electrically conductive part of the electric vehicle structure 6 and / or vehicle chassis 7.In Figure 3, switch 14 is already shown in the switching position where the short-circuit current is enabled. After the energy dissipation condition is no longer present, the switch is toggled again, so that the short circuit 10 is interrupted and, instead, the electrical machine 3 is reconnected to the on-board network. This mode is particularly suitable for low-voltage vehicle electrical systems.

[044] FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment for the case of a high-voltage vehicle electrical system, whose nominal voltage is in the range of several hundred volts. The components with the same symbols as Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 25 / 35 References 15 / 17 correspond to those in Figure 3 and are therefore not described in further detail. The special feature of this embodiment is that the short circuit is now controlled by means of a potential separation voltage converter 15 instead of by means of the switch 14, to convert the electrical energy to be dissipated to a lower voltage level before being discharged to the vehicle structure 6 and / or the vehicle chassis 7, which is advantageous from a safety standpoint so that no high voltage is applied to the vehicle structure 6 and / or the vehicle chassis 7.

[045] Control device 5 (not shown here) is, in turn, designed to monitor whether at least one predetermined energy dissipation condition, which indicates that excess electrical energy cannot be stored in the electrical energy storage device, is met. If this is the case, control device 5 controls voltage converter 15 in such a way that it generates an electrical short circuit with the vehicle structure 6 and / or the vehicle chassis 7. The potential separation voltage converter 15 therefore serves here as a switch with a simultaneous voltage converter function, in order to convert high voltage (HV) into a low voltage (LV) when short-circuit current is generated.

[046] The high-voltage electrical system may have a so-called braking chopper as another optional component. If, for example, in operation as a generator, the kinetic energy of the vehicle, which is converted into electrical energy, is not stored back in the vehicle's electrical system via the inverter 13, the capacitors in the intermediate circuit absorb this energy. This increases the voltage of the intermediate circuit. If the voltage of the intermediate circuit becomes too high, the inverter 13 protects itself by switching off. To avoid this braking interruption, the braking chopper can be used, which becomes active when the permissible intermediate circuit voltage is exceeded and the braking resistor 6 or 7 switches to the intermediate circuit and converts the excess energy into heat. Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 26 / 35 16 / 17

[047] If the system is braked, the excess energy flows back into the intermediate circuit in the form of generator current through the output stage. If this voltage exceeds a limit voltage, the braking chopper will be electronically switched on. The excess energy is then almost completely converted into thermal energy by means of the connected braking resistor. The limiting element is the braking resistor, as it converts a large amount of energy into heat.

[048] Safety precautions depend on the technical design and must be properly evaluated and implemented taking into account the state of the art and applicable standards, rules and regulations.

[049] Although the invention has been described by reference to certain exemplary embodiments, it is evident to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made and equivalents can be used as a substitute without departing from the scope of the invention. Consequently, the invention should not be limited to the examples of embodiments disclosed, but should encompass all examples of embodiments that fall within the scope of the appended patent claims. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and features of the dependent claims, independently of the claims taken by reference. List of references Vehicle Electric machine Storage device for electrical energy Electrical energy Control device 5th Controller Vehicle structure Vehicle chassis Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 27 / 35 17 / 17 Driver's cabin Electrified auxiliary units Intentional electrical short circuit Transmission Internal combustion engine Inverter electrical switch Voltage converter Petition 870210111131, dated 11 / 30 / 2021, page 28 / 35

Claims

1 / 2 CLAIMS 1. Vehicle (1), characterized in that it comprises an electric machine (2) that can be operated as a generator, an electrical energy storage device (3) that is designed to receive electrical energy (4) from the electric machine (2) and / or to emit electrical energy (4) to the electric machine (2), an electrically conductive vehicle part, and a control device (5) that is designed to discharge electrical energy (4) generated in the operation as a generator of the electric machine (2) to the electrically conductive part of the vehicle for conversion into thermal energy when at least one predetermined energy dissipation condition is met, wherein the electrically conductive vehicle part is a vehicle structure (6) and / or a body (8).

2. Vehicle (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined energy dissipation condition is satisfied when a state of charge of the electrical energy storage device (3) exceeds a predetermined limit value, preferably when the electrical energy storage device (3) is fully charged.

3. Vehicle (1), according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the predetermined energy dissipation condition is satisfied when there is a technical defect in the electrical energy storage device (3).

4. Vehicle (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control device (5) is designed to derive electrical energy as a short-circuit current by triggering a short circuit with the electrical part of the vehicle that serves as a resistance element.

5. Vehicle (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrical energy (4) discharged to the electrically conductive part of the vehicle is emitted directly to the environment as thermal energy, preferably without an intermediate cooling circuit.

6. Vehicle (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control device (5) is designed to, when the predetermined energy dissipation condition is satisfied, use the vehicle structure (6) and / or the vehicle chassis (7) and / or the body (8) as a resistance brake.

7. Vehicle (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control device (5) is designed to, when the predetermined energy dissipation condition is satisfied, use part of the electrical energy (4) to operate at least one electrified auxiliary unit (9).

8. Vehicle (1), according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one electrified auxiliary unit (9) is a fan, a cooler, an electric passenger compartment heater, a front window heater, a rear window heater, an air compressor, a water pump, a hydraulic pump, an air conditioning compressor and / or an oil pump.

9. Vehicle (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the vehicle (1) is a commercial vehicle, preferably a truck, bus or city bus, and the electrically conductive vehicle part is the vehicle structure (6) and / or the vehicle chassis (7). Petition 870250079356, dated 04 / 09 / 2025, p. 18 / 20

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