CORPO DE VIDRO

Abstract

A glass body according to the present invention includes a glass sheet having a first surface and a second surface on a side opposite the first surface, a translucent reflective film disposed on the first surface of the glass sheet, and an anti-fogging means disposed between the translucent reflective film and the second surface of the glass sheet.

Description

GLASS BODY Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a glass body. prior technique

[0002] Patent Literature 1 discloses a glass body which is known as a mirror medium. This glass body is formed by providing a covering layer containing an inorganic oxide onto a sheet of glass, and its visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance are adjusted. That is, the glass body reflects an image in the mode of a mirror when viewed from one side of the glass body, whereas the glass body transmits light from a certain image located on the other side of the glass body and this image can be viewed from one side of the same. Citation list Patent literature

[0003] Patent Literature 1: JP 2008-502803A Summary of the invention Technical problem

[0004] The mirror medium, as mentioned above, has been used in various applications, and its range of applications is also expanding. For example, it is conceivable that the mirror medium is used as a glass body to separate an internal and an external area. In this case, the surface of the glass body may fog due to a difference between the internal and external temperatures, and fog suppression or mist removal is possible if... Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 25 / 86 2 / 53 becomes a problem. The present invention was made to solve the aforementioned problems and it is an objective thereof to provide a glass body that is capable of functioning as a mirror medium and suppressing fogging. Solution to the problem

[0005] 1. A glass body including: a sheet of glass having a first surface and a second surface on a side opposite the first surface; a translucent reflective film disposed on the first surface of the glass plate; and an anti-fogging medium disposed on at least one of the translucent reflective film and the second surface of the glass plate.

[0006] 2. The glass body according to item 1, wherein the anti-fog means includes an anti-fog film, and the anti-fog film is provided on the second surface of the glass sheet.

[0007] 3. The glass body according to item 2, wherein the translucent reflective film has a surface roughness Ra of 15 nm or less.

[0008] 4. The glass body according to item 3, wherein the glass sheet is made of float glass, and a tin oxide concentration on the first surface is lower than a tin oxide concentration on the second surface.

[0009] 5. The glass body according to item 1, wherein the anti-fog medium includes an anti-fog film, and Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 26 / 86 3 / 53 The anti-fog film is applied over the translucent reflective film.

[00010] 6. The glass body according to item 5, wherein the translucent reflective film is formed by layering a plurality of layers, and a difference in refractive index between the anti-fog film and the outermost layer of the translucent reflective film that is adjacent to the anti-fog film is 0.1 or less.

[00011] 7. The glass body according to item 6, in which the anti-fog film has a refractive index of 1.6 or less.

[00012] 8. The glass body according to any of items 5 to 7, wherein a difference in an optical thickness of the anti-fog film is 150 nm or more, and the anti-fog film has a thickness of 10 pm or more.

[00013] 9. The glass body according to item 5 or 6, wherein the anti-fogging means includes: the anti-fog film; a film substrate that supports the anti-fog film and has a thickness of 10 µm or more; and an adhesive layer that is placed on a surface of the film substrate on a side opposite the anti-fog film and is used to attach the film substrate to the translucent reflective film.

[00014] 10. The glass body conforms to any of items 1 to 9, wherein a mist ratio is 2% or less. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 27 / 86 4 / 53

[00015] 11. The glass body according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the anti-fog medium includes an anti-fog film containing a water-absorbing resin.

[00016] 12. The glass body according to item 11, where the anti-fog film has a thickness of 5 µm or more.

[00017] 13. The glass body according to any of items 1 to 12, in which the transmittance of visible light is 20% or more and 70% or less.

[00018] 14. The glass body according to any of items 1 to 13, wherein, when a reflective color tone on the translucent reflective film side is represented using the L*a*b color system, a value of a* is from -15 to 15, and when a reflected color tone on the translucent reflective film side is represented using the L*a*b* color system, a value of b* is from -15 to 15.

[00019] 15. The glass body according to any of items 1 to 14, wherein the thermal conductivity of the translucent reflective film is greater than that of the glass sheet.

[00020] 16. The glass body according to any one of items 1 to 15, wherein the translucent reflective film is formed by arranging in layers a plurality of layers, and at least one of the plurality of layers is a reflective metal layer made of a metal or semimetal.

[00021] 17. The glass body according to item 16, in which the reflective metal layer contains at least one Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 28 / 86 5 / 53 of Si, Ag, Al, Cr, Ti, and Mo as a major component.

[00022] 18. The glass body according to item 16 or 17, wherein the outermost layer of the translucent reflective film has a refractive index of 1.5 or less for a visible light region.

[00023] 19. The glass body according to item 18, in which the outermost layer contains SiO2 as a major component.

[00024] 20. The glass body according to the item 19, wherein the anti-fog medium includes an anti-fog film, and the anti-fog film is provided over the translucent reflective film.

[00025] 21. The glass body according to any one of items 1 to 20, wherein the anti-fog means includes an anti-fog film, and the anti-fog film has a water-repellent surface.

[00026] 22. The glass body according to the item 21, wherein the angle of contact of water on the surface of the anti-fog film is 70° or more.

[00027] 23. The glass body according to any of items 1 to 9, in which the anti-fogging medium is disposed over the translucent reflective film and the second surface of the glass sheet.

[00028] 24. The glass body according to any of items 1 to 23, additionally including a film of Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 29 / 86 6 / 53 protection against light formed on at least one of the anti-fog medium and the translucent reflective film. Advantageous Effects of the Invention

[00029] The glass body of the present invention is capable of functioning as a mirror medium and suppressing fogging. Brief Description of the Drawings

[00030] Figure 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a glass body according to the present invention.

[00031] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Figure 1.

[00032] Figure 3 is a plan view showing an example of the environment in which the glass body shown in Figure 1 is used.

[00033] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the glass body according to the present invention.

[00034] Figure 5 is a plan view showing another example of the glass body according to the present invention.

[00035] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Figure 5. Description of the Modalities

[00036] Next, an embodiment of a glass body according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a plan view of the glass body and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Figure 1, and the Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 30 / 86 7 / 53 Figure 3 is a plan view showing an example of the environment in which this glass body is used. 1. Overview of the glass body

[00037] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a glass body 10 includes a glass sheet 1 having two main surfaces, namely, a first surface 11 and a second surface 12, a translucent reflective film 2 layered on the first surface 11 and an anti-fog film 3 layered on the second surface 12. The translucent reflective film 2 adjusts the visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance of the glass body 10, and thus the glass body 10 forms what is known as a mirror medium. For example, in the case where a first zone 61 and a second zone 62 are formed with the glass body 10 situated between them as shown in Figure 3, the surface of the glass body 10 reflects light from a first image 51 located in the first zone 61, and thus the first image 51 appears on the glass body 10.On the other hand, the glass body 10 transmits light from a second image 52 located in the second zone 62, and thus the second image 52 in the second zone 62 can be visually confirmed from the first zone 61. These constituent elements will be described next. 1-1. Glass sheet

[00038] There is no particular limitation on glass sheet 1, and a known glass sheet may be used. Examples include various glass sheets made of float glass, heat-absorbing glass, glass Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 31 / 86 8 / 53 transparent, green glass, UV green glass, soda-lime glass and similar. The thickness of the glass sheet 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, from 0.5 to 10 mm, and more preferably from 0.7 to 8 mm. The thickness of the glass sheet 1 affects the visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance described above and can therefore be altered as appropriate according to the required reflectance and transmittance.

[00039] Here, a case will be described in which glass sheet 1 is made of float glass. Float glass is manufactured using a float method. It is well known that, in a glass sheet made of float glass, the concentrations of tin oxide on the two main surfaces of the same are different due to the manufacturing method of float glass. That is, in the float method, a flat glass sheet is manufactured by allowing molten glass to flow over the surface of molten tin. At that moment, there is a layer containing tin oxide on one surface of the glass sheet that came into contact with the molten tin. In general, in such a glass sheet, a surface on which this layer containing tin oxide exists is called a bottom surface, and a surface that is situated on an opposite side to the bottom surface and that did not come into contact with tin is called a top surface.The tin oxide content on the lower surface is higher than the tin oxide content on the upper surface, as described later. Here, the tin oxide content is defined as the maximum value of the tin oxide concentration in terms of tin dioxide. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, p. 32 / 86 9 / 53 tin in a region ranging from the glass surface to a depth of 10 pm. Specifically, the tin oxide content can be determined based on the value obtained through measurement using a wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) detector equipped with an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The tin oxide content on the lower surface is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, and the tin oxide content on the upper surface is preferably 1% or less, and more preferably 0.3% or less.

[00040] When glass sheet 1 is made of such float glass, translucent reflective film 2 can be layered on the upper surface, and anti-fog film 3 can be layered on the lower surface.

[00041] Also, it is preferable that the roughness Ra of the glass plate surface 1 be 10 nm or less. The reason for this is that the higher the surface roughness, the higher the haze ratio, which can lead to the glass body 10 being opaque. 1-2. Translucent reflective film

[00042] As shown in Figure 2, the translucent reflective film 2 includes, for example, a first layer 21 to be placed on the glass sheet 1 and a second layer 22 placed on the first layer 21. However, one or more additional layers, including a third layer, a fourth layer, and the like, can also be provided as needed. When a metal reflective layer made of a metal or semimetal is used as a layer Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 33 / 86 10 / 53 included in the translucent reflective film 2, one or more two-layer units, each formed by arranging a low-reflective-index layer or a high-reflective-index layer directly onto the metal reflective layer, or one or more units each formed by arranging a low-reflective-index layer and a high-reflective-index layer onto the metal reflective layer in the order mentioned, may be layered. When a metal reflective layer is not used, one or more units individually formed by layering a low-reflective-index layer and a high-reflective-index layer onto a high-reflective-index layer in the order mentioned may be layered. The refractive index of the high-reflective-index layer is preferably, for example, 1.6 or more, and more preferably 1.8 or more.The refractive index of the low refractive index layer is lower than that of the high refractive index layer and is preferably, for example, 1.6 or less, and more preferably 1.5 or less. It should be noted that the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer can also be formed by layering one or more materials, provided that the refractive index conditions are met.

[00043] The following describes the materials of the layers included in the translucent reflective film 2. The layers included in the translucent reflective film 2 may consist of a layer made of a metal or a semimetal and a layer made of an organic metal oxide. For example, the metal or semimetal is selected as Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 34 / 86 11 / 53 suitable from silicon (Si), SUS, and other suitable metals or semimetals, and the inorganic metal oxide is selected as suitable from silicon dioxide (SiO2), tin oxide (SnO2), titanium dioxide (T1O2), and other suitable inorganic metal oxides, so that the above-described ranges of refractive index are met. For example, the refractive indices of silicon, silicon dioxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, SUS, Ag, Al, Cr, Mo, and Ti are about 4.4, about 1.4, about 1.8, about 2.2, about 2.4, about 0.14, about 1.4, about 2.4, about 3.6, and about 2.7, respectively. The layer configuration of the translucent reflective film 2 is not particularly limited, however the following configuration can be used, for example. The layers can also be doped with additives as appropriate to adjust the electrical resistance of the layers.Note that Ag, Al, Cr, Ti, or Mo can also be used instead of Si, which was used for the first layer in Examples 2 and 3. Table 1 First layer Second layer Third layer Fourth layer Ex. 1 TiO2 — — — Ex. 2 Si S1O2 SnO2 — Ex. 3 TiO2 S1O2 SnO2 — Ex. 4 Si S1O2 — — Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, p. 35 / 86 12 / 53 Ex. 5 SUS TiO2 — —

[00044] Note that, in Examples 1 and 3, a base layer made of S1O2 can be provided between the first layer 21 and the glass plate 1. When SUS is used, visible light absorption can be improved. When visible light absorption is improved, the sum of visible light reflectance and visible light transmittance decreases, and thus, adjusting visible light reflectance and visible light transmittance can be facilitated.

[00045] The translucent reflective film 2 formed using inorganic metal oxides containing a metal or semimetal as described above is suitable for an optical covering glass, because the color tone of the translucent reflective film 2 does not change significantly when the translucent reflective film 2 is viewed from a wide range of angles.

[00046] The thickness (physical thickness) of the translucent reflective film 2 is preferably from 3 to 300 nm, and more preferably from 5 to 250 nm. If the thickness of the translucent reflective film 2 is less than 10 nm, it is difficult to control the thickness and thus a problem of decreased productivity arises. On the other hand, if the thickness is greater than 300 nm, the cost may increase, or surface irregularity may become prominent, leading to an increase in haze and poor appearance. The thicknesses of the layers included in the translucent reflective film 2 are not particularly limited and can be Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 36 / 86 13 / 53 adjusted as appropriate so that the thickness of the translucent reflective film 2 is within the range described above. For example, in Example 2 above, a translucent reflective film comprising a first layer having a thickness of 18 nm, a second layer having a thickness of 85 nm, and a third layer having a thickness of 65 nm can be formed. In Example 4 above, a configuration can be employed in which a silicon layer has a thickness of about 18 nm, and a silicon dioxide layer has a thickness of about 30 nm. Furthermore, the thickness of a titanium dioxide layer in Examples 1 and 3 can be set to about 6 nm, and the thickness of a SUS layer in Example 5 can be set to about 8 nm.

[00047] Furthermore, in Example 2, a low-refractive material and a high-refractive material can be layered to form the second and third layers, respectively, to improve reflection in the first layer. For example, if the thicknesses of the first, second, and third layers are set at 18 nm, 85 nm, and 65 nm, respectively, and the optical thickness of the translucent reflective film is set at 135 nm ± 20 nm, the optical thickness corresponds to one-quarter of λ, where λ represents the wavelength of incident light (central wavelength: 550 nm), and thus reflection at the interface between the first and second layers can be improved. Materials other than those shown in Example 2 can also be used. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 37 / 86 14 / 53 provided that the thicknesses and refractive indices of the layers can be adjusted as described above.

[00048] The visible light transmittance of the glass body 10 adjusted by providing the translucent reflective film 2 is preferably 20% or more and 70% or less, more preferably 35% or more and 60% or less, and particularly preferably 35% or more and 50% or less. The visible light transmittance and the visible light reflectance are substantially in a balance relationship, and therefore it is preferable that, for example, the visible light transmittance value and the visible light reflectance value are equal in the glass body 10. However, a configuration may also be employed in which one of the visible light transmittance and the visible light reflectance is greater than the other, and the visible light transmittance and the visible light reflectance may be adjusted as appropriate according to the performance required for the glass body. For example, the adjustment may be made so that the visible light reflectance is greater than the visible light transmittance.On the other hand, in a mirror medium, the visible light reflectance of the translucent reflective film 2 is preferably 30% or more and 80% or less, and more preferably 40% or more and 70% or less.

[00049] The visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance of such a glass body 10 can be adjusted by altering the materials included in or the thickness of the translucent reflective film 2, or the material or thickness of the glass sheet 1. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, p. 38 / 86 15 / 53

[00050] In some cases, a change in the color of the glass body 10 is not preferable. Therefore, when the color tone reflected on the side of the translucent reflective film 2 is represented using the L*,a*,b* color system, both a* and b* are preferably within a range of ±15, more preferably within a range of ±12, and particularly preferably within a range of ±7. As in the case of visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance, a* and b* can be adjusted by changing the materials included in or the thickness of the translucent reflective film 2, or the material or thickness of the glass plate 1. If a* and b* are within a range of ±15, the light from a reflected image can be displayed correctly. It is generally said that if a* and b* are from 3.2 to 6.5, a reflected color can be considered to be equal to the original color at a print level.Additionally, it is generally said that if a* and b* are 3.2 or less, substantially no difference can be perceived in terms of color tone when the colors are compared with a certain distance maintained between them.

[00051] The optical properties of the translucent reflective film of Example 4 above are shown below. The first layer made of silicon had a thickness of 18 nm, and the silicon dioxide layer had a thickness of 30 nm. The visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance were measured using a spectrophotometer (U4100, manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.). L*, a*, eb* were Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, p. 39 / 86 16 / 53 calculated according to JIS Z8781. D65 was used as a light source. The results were as follows. Table 2 Transmittance L* 65.2 a* 2.7 b* 19.7 Reflection on translucent reflective film side L* 77.8 a* -2.9 b* -2.4 Reflection on glass plate side L* 74.9 a* -4.8 b* -3.4 Visible light transmittance 34.2% Visible light reflectance 52.9%

[00052] In the optical properties above, a* and b* of the reflected color tones are 6.5 or less. Furthermore, b* of the transmitted color tone is increased. Consequently, the reflected color tones are more neutral than the transmitted color tones.

[00053] It is preferable that the thermal conductivity of the translucent reflective film 2 be greater than that of the glass plate 1. This makes it possible to reduce a temperature difference in plane compared to the glass plate 1, thus making it possible to avoid partial dew condensation. It is observed that, since the thermal conductivity of the glass plate 1 is 0.55 to 1.00 (W / mK), the thermal conductivity of the reflective film Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 40 / 86 17 / 53 translucent 2 is preferably from 1.2 to 200 (W / mK), which exceeds the range mentioned above.

[00054] The surface roughness Ra of the translucent reflective film 2 is preferably 15 nm or less and more preferably 10 nm or less. The reason for this is that the higher the surface roughness, the higher the haze ratio, which can lead to the glass body 10 being opaque. Note that the surface roughness Ra of the translucent reflective film 2 refers to the surface roughness Ra when no other layer is layered over the translucent reflective film 2 and the surface roughness Ra of the translucent reflective film 2 can be directly measured. 1-3. Method for forming a translucent reflective film

[00055] Next, a method for forming the translucent reflective film 2 will be described. There is no specific limitation on the method for forming the translucent reflective film 2, and examples include physical vapor deposition methods such as a cathodic sublimation method and a vacuum deposition method, spraying methods, and chemical vapor deposition methods (CVD methods). In particular, when a CVD method is employed, an online CVD method is preferable. The online CVD method is a chemical vapor deposition method and is performed as follows: in a glass manufacturing step of the float method, a material to form a translucent reflective film is supplied from a coating agent onto the upper surface of a glass ribbon that is situated in a bath. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 41 / 86 18 / 53 of molten tin and has a temperature of 615°C or higher, and then the translucent reflective film 2 is formed through a thermal decomposition oxidation reaction.

[00056] Each of the layers included in the translucent reflective film 2 can be formed by supplying a material from one coater, however a layer can be formed using two or more coaters when a layer has a large thickness. For example, when the silicon layer has a thickness of 18 nm and the silicon dioxide layer has a thickness of 30 nm in Example 4 above, the translucent reflective film 2 can be formed by preparing the first to third coaters, supplying silicon using the first coater, and supplying silicon dioxide using the second and third coaters.

[00057] Note that the SUS layer described above is formed through cathodic sublimation and not CVD. Cathodic sublimation is preferable for forming a thin layer of a given material. 1-4. Anti-fog film

[00058] There is no specific limitation on the anti-fog film 3 provided that it has an anti-fog effect on the glass plate 1, and a known anti-fog film can be used. In general, the types of anti-fog film 3 include a hydrophilic type that transforms water generated from water vapor into a layer of water on its surface, a water-absorbing type that absorbs water vapor, and a water-repellent absorbent type that is unlikely to condense water. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 42 / 86 19 / 53 form water droplets on their surface and a water-repellent type that repels water droplets produced by water vapor. All types of anti-fog films can be used. An absorbent-water-repellent type of anti-fog film will be described below as an example of an anti-fog film. Anti-fog film made of organic-inorganic complex

[00059] An organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film is a single-layer film formed on the surface of glass sheet 1, or a multi-layer film arranged in layers on the surface of glass sheet 1. The organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film contains at least one water-absorbing resin, a water-repellent group, and a metal oxide component. The anti-fog film 3 may additionally include other functional components as needed. There is no limitation on the type of water-absorbing resin as long as it can absorb and retain water. The anti-fog film 3 may be provided with a water-repellent group using a metallic compound containing a water-repellent group (metallic compound containing water-repellent group).Anti-fog film 3 may be supplied with a metal oxide component using a metallic compound different from the metallic compound containing the water-repellent group, minute particles of a metallic oxide, or similar. These components will be described below. Water-absorbing resin Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 43 / 86 20 / 53

[00060] There is no specific limitation on the water-absorbing resin and examples thereof include polyethylene glycol, polyether-based resins, polyurethane resins, starch-based resins, cellulose-based resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyester polyols, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetal resins, and polyvinyl acetate. Of these resins, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetal resins, polyvinyl acetate, epoxy resins, and polyurethane resins are preferred, polyvinyl acetal resins, epoxy resins, and polyurethane resins are more preferred, and polyvinyl acetal resins are particularly preferred.

[00061] A polyvinyl acetal resin can be obtained by acetalizing an aldehyde with a polyvinyl alcohol via a condensation reaction. It is sufficient that the acetalization using polyvinyl alcohol be carried out using a method known as a precipitation method in which an aqueous medium is used in the presence of an acid catalyst, or a dissolution method in which a solvent such as an alcohol is used. Acetalization can be carried out together with the saponification of polyvinyl acetate. The degree of acetalization is preferably 2 to 40 mol%, more preferably 3 to 30 mol%, and particularly preferably 5 to 20 mol%, and optionally 5 to 15 mol%. The degree of acetalization can be measured based, for example, on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Acetal resins of Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, p. 44 / 86 21 / 53 polyvinyl compounds with acetalization levels within the aforementioned range are suitable for forming an anti-fog film of organic-inorganic complex having favorable water absorption and water resistance properties.

[00062] The average degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably from 200 to 4500 and more preferably from 500 to 4500. A high average degree of polymerization is advantageous in the formation of an anti-fogging film of organic-inorganic complex having favorable water absorption and water resistance properties, however if the average degree of polymerization is excessively high, the viscosity of the solution will be excessively high, and the formation of the film may be negatively affected. The degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably from 75 to 99.8 mol%.

[00063] Examples of aldehydes being condensed with polyvinyl alcohols via a condensation reaction include aliphatic aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexylcarbaldehyde, octylcarbaldehyde, and decylcarbaldehyde. Examples also include aromatic aldehydes including benzaldehyde; benzaldehyde subjected to substitution using an alkyl group such as 2-methylbenzaldehyde, 3-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde or similar; benzaldehyde subjected to substitution using a halogen atom such as chlorobenzaldehyde or similar; substituted benzaldehyde in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with a functional group such as a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a group Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, p. 45 / 86 22 / 53 amino, or a cyano group, other than alkyl groups; and a condensed aromatic aldehyde such as naphthalaldehyde or anthraldehyde. Aromatic aldehydes, which are highly hydrophobic, are advantageous in forming an anti-fog film of organic-inorganic complex with a low degree of acetalization and excellent water resistance. The use of aromatic aldehydes is also advantageous where a film having high water absorbency is formed while a large number of hydroxyl groups are induced to remain. It is preferable that polyvinyl acetal resins have an acetal structure derived from an aromatic aldehyde, particularly benzaldehyde.

[00064] Examples of epoxy resins include glycidyl ether-based epoxy resins, glycidyl ester-based epoxy resins, glycidyl amine-based epoxy resins, and cyclic aliphatic epoxy resins. Of these epoxy resins, cyclic aliphatic epoxy resins are preferred.

[00065] Examples of polyurethane resins include polyisocyanate and polyol-based polyurethane resins. Acrylic polyol and polyoxyalkylene-based polyol are preferred as the polyol.

[00066] The organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film contains a water-absorbing resin as a major component. The term major component as used in the present invention means a component that is present in the greatest quantity by mass. The water-absorbing resin content is based on the weight of the organic complex anti-fog film. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 46 / 86 23 / 53 inorganic is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 65% ​​by weight or more, and is 95% by weight or less, and more preferably 90% by weight or less, from the point of view of film hardness, water absorption properties and anti-fogging properties. Water-repellent group

[00067] It is preferable to use a water-repellent group, which has high water repellency, to sufficiently obtain the above-described effects of the water-repellent group. The water-repellent group is preferably at least one type of water-repellent group selected from (1) cyclic alkyl or chain groups having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and (2) cyclic alkyl or chain groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in which at least a portion of hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom (also referred to as fluorine-substituted alkyl groups hereafter).

[00068] The cyclic or chain alkyl groups in (1) and (2) are preferably chain alkyl groups. The chain alkyl groups may be branched alkyl groups, but are preferably linear alkyl groups. Alkyl groups having more than 30 carbon atoms may cause the antifogging film 3 to be opaque. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl groups is preferably 20 or less and more preferably from 6 to 14, from the point of view of the balance between the antifogging properties, resistance and external appearance of the film. Particularly alkyl groups Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 47 / 86 24 / 53 preferred are linear alkyl groups having from 6 to 14, particularly from 6 to 12, carbon atoms such as an n-hexyl group (6 carbon atoms), an n-decyl group (10 carbon atoms) and an n-dodecyl group (12 carbon atoms). The fluorine-substituted alkyl groups in (2) may be groups obtained by replacing only a portion of the hydrogen atoms of a cyclic alkyl group or chain with a fluorine atom, or groups obtained by replacing all the hydrogen atoms of a cyclic alkyl group or chain with a fluorine atom, such as linear perfluoroalkyl groups. Fluorine-substituted alkyl groups have high water repellency and therefore the effects can be sufficiently obtained by adding a small amount of them.It is observed that when the content of fluorine-substituted alkyl groups is excessively high, a component containing fluorine-substituted alkyl groups can be separated from the other components in a coating solution to form a film. Hydrolyzable metallic compound containing a water-repellent group.

[00069] To mix the water-repellent groups in the anti-fog film 3, it is sufficient that a metallic compound containing a water-repellent group (metallic compound containing a water-repellent group), particularly a metallic compound containing a water-repellent group and a hydrolyzable functional group or a halogen atom (hydrolyzable metallic compound containing a water-repellent group), or a hydrolysate thereof, is added to a solution of Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 48 / 86 25 / 53 coating to form a film. In other words, the water-repellent group can be derived from the hydrolyzable metal compound containing the water-repellent group. A hydrolyzable silicon compound containing a water-repellent group represented by formula (I) below is preferably used as the hydrolyzable metal compound containing the water-repellent group. RmSÍY4-m (D

[00070] Here, R represents a water-repellent group, that is, a cyclic alkyl group or chain having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in which at least a portion of hydrogen atoms is optionally substituted with a fluorine atom, and Y represents a hydrolyzable functional group or a halogen atom, where represents an integer from 1 to 3. The hydrolyzable functional group is at least one type selected from an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, and an amino group, and preferably an alkoxy group, particularly an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. An example of an alkenyloxy group is an isopropenoxy group. The halogen atom is preferably a chlorine atom. It is noted that the functional groups shown here as examples may also be used as hydrolyzable functional groups described below. The letter m is preferably 1 or 2.

[00071] When the hydrolysis and polycondensation process is complete, the compound represented by formula (I) gives a component represented by formula (II) below. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 49 / 86 26 / 53 RmSÍO(4-m) / 2 (II)

[00072] Here, Rem are as described above. In practice, after hydrolysis and polycondensation, the compounds represented by formula (II) form a network structure in which silicon atoms are linked together through oxygen atoms, in the antifog film 3.

[00073] As described above, the compounds represented by formula (I) are hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed, and at least portions thereof are polycondensed. Thus, a network structure including siloxane (Si-O-Si) linkages is formed in which silicon atoms and oxygen atoms are alternately linked and which spreads three-dimensionally. A water-repellent group R is attached to the silicon atom contained in this network structure. In other words, the water-repellent group R is immobilized in the network structure that includes siloxane linkages, via an R-Si bond. This structure is advantageous in uniform dispersion of the water-repellent groups R in the film. The network structure may contain silica compounds supplied from silicon compounds (e.g., silane and tetraalkoxysilane coupling agents) other than the hydrolyzable silicon compound containing the water-repellent group represented by formula (I).If a silicon compound that does not contain a water-repellent group and contains a hydrolyzable functional group or halogen atom (water- and water-free hydrolyzable silicon compound) is mixed together with the hydrolyzable silicon compound. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 50 / 86 27 / 53 containing a water-repellent group in a coating solution to form the anti-fog film 3, a network structure that includes siloxane bonds containing silicon atoms that are bonded to water-repellent groups and silicon atoms that are not bonded to water-repellent groups can be formed. With such a structure, it is easy to independently adjust the content of the water-repellent group and the content of the metal oxide component in the anti-fog film.

[00074] Water-repellent groups have an effect of enhancing anti-fog performance by increasing the water vapor permeability of the surface of the anti-fog film 3 containing a water-absorbing resin. The two functions, namely the water-absorbing function and the water-repellent function, are opposites, and therefore, conventionally, a water-absorbing material and a water-repellent material are distributed in separate layers. However, the poor distribution of water near the surface of the anti-fog film is resolved due to the water-repellent groups, so that the time it takes to condense is prolonged, and the anti-fog properties of the anti-fog film having a single-layer structure are thus improved. What follows is a description of the effects.

[00075] The water vapor that has infiltrated the anti-fog film 3 containing the water-absorbing resin forms hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups in the water-absorbing resin and similar substances, and is retained in the form of adsorbed water. As the amount of water vapor Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 51 / 86 28 / 53 increases, the form of water vapor changes from adsorbed water to semi-adsorbed water, and finally, the water vapor is retained in the form of free water held in voids in the anti-fog film. The water-repellent groups prevent the formation of hydrogen bonds and facilitate the dissociation of hydrogen bonds formed in the anti-fog film 3. If the content of the absorbent resin is the same, the number of hydroxyl groups capable of forming a hydrogen bond in the film is the same, however, the rate of hydrogen bond formation is reduced due to the water-repellent groups. Therefore, if the anti-fog film 3 containing the water-repellent groups is used, the moisture will ultimately be retained in any of the forms mentioned above in the film, however, the water vapor can diffuse to the lower portion of the film as is until it is retained there.Furthermore, water that is once retained dissociates relatively easily and is likely to move to the lower portion of the film in the form of water vapor. As a result, the distribution of the amount of moisture retention in the thickness direction of the film is relatively uniform between the vicinity of the surface and the lower portion of the film. That is, the entirety of the thickness direction of the anti-fog film can be effectively used to absorb water supplied to the film surface, and therefore water droplets are less likely to form on the surface through condensation, thus resulting in improved anti-fog properties. Additionally, since water droplets are less likely to form on the surface... Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, page 52 / 86 29 / 53 surface through condensation, the anti-fog film 3 has the characteristic of being less likely to freeze even when exposed to a low temperature after absorbing moisture.

[00076] On the other hand, with an anti-fog film 3 that does not contain water-repellent groups, the water vapor that has infiltrated the film is retained significantly easily in the form of adsorbed water, semi-adsorbed water, or free water. Therefore, the water vapor that has infiltrated the film tends to be retained in the vicinity of the film surface. As a result, in the film the amount of moisture is extremely high near the surface and decreases rapidly towards the lower portion of the film. That is, although the lower portion of the film may absorb additional water, the moisture becomes saturated near the surface of the film and condenses into water droplets, and therefore the anti-fog properties are limited.

[00077] When water-repellent groups are introduced into the anti-fog film using the hydrolyzable silicon compound containing the water-repellent group (see formula (I)), a network structure that includes stable siloxane (Si-O-Si) bonds is formed. The formation of this network structure is advantageous from the point of view that not only abrasion resistance, but also hardness, water resistance and the like are improved.

[00078] It is sufficient that water-repellent groups be added in quantities such that the angle of Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, p. 53 / 86 30 / 53 water contact angle on the surface of the anti-fog film 3 is 70° or more, preferably 80° or more, and most preferably 90° or more. A measurement value obtained by dropping a 4 mg drop of water onto the surface of the film is taken as the water contact angle. In particular, when a methyl group or ethyl group, which has slightly low water repellency, is used as the water-repellent group, it is preferable to mix the repellent groups in the anti-fog film 3 in quantities such that the water contact angle is within the aforementioned range. The upper limit of the water droplet contact angle is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 150° or less, 120° or less, or 100° or less.It is preferable that the water-repellent groups be uniformly contained within the anti-fog film 3 so that the water droplet contact angle is within the aforementioned range over the entire surface area of ​​the anti-fog film 3.

[00079] It is observed that it is also possible to make the surface of the anti-fog film 3 water-repellent. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the infiltration of alkaline components into the anti-fog film 3, thus making it possible to protect the surface of the glass plate 1 against alkaline components.

[00080] It is preferable that the anti-fog film 3 contain water-repellent groups such that the quantity of water-repellent groups is within a range of 0.05 parts per mass or more, preferably within a range of 0.1 parts per Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 54 / 86 31 / 53 mass or more and more preferably comprised in a range of 0.3 parts by mass or more, and comprised in a range of 10 parts by mass or less and preferably comprised in a range of 5 parts by mass or less, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbing resin.

[00081] Inorganic oxide

[00082] An inorganic oxide is, for example, an oxide of at least one type of element selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Nd, La, Ce, and Sn, and containing at least one oxide of Si (silica).It is preferable that the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film contain the inorganic oxide such that the amount of inorganic oxide is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more, particularly preferably 1 part by weight or more, more preferably 5 parts by weight or more, optionally 10 parts by weight or more, and 20 parts by weight or more if necessary, in relation to 100 parts by weight of the water-absorbing resin, and preferably 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 45 parts by weight or less, even more preferably 40 parts by weight or less, particularly preferably 35 parts by weight or less, more preferably 33 parts by weight or less, and optionally 30 parts by weight or less.Inorganic oxide is a necessary component to ensure the resistance of the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film, particularly resistance to... Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 55 / 86 32 / 53 scratch, however if the inorganic oxide content is high, the anti-fog properties of the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film are impaired. Tiny particles of inorganic oxide

[00083] The organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film may additionally contain minute particles of an inorganic oxide as at least a portion of the inorganic oxide. The inorganic oxide constituting the minute particles of an inorganic oxide is, for example, an oxide of at least one type of element selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Ta, Nb, Nd, La, Ce, and Sn, with silica minute particles being preferred. The silica minute particles may be introduced into the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film by adding, for example, colloidal silica to them. The minute particles of an inorganic oxide excel in transmitting the applied stress to the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film and to an article supporting the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film, and also have high hardness.Therefore, the addition of minute particles of an inorganic oxide is advantageous from the point of view of increasing the abrasion and scratch resistance of the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film. Furthermore, when minute particles of an inorganic oxide are added to the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film, tiny voids are formed in portions where the minute particles are in contact with each other or close to each other, and water vapor is likely to pass through. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 56 / 86 33 / 53 of becoming retained in the film through these empty spaces. Therefore, the addition of minute particles of an inorganic oxide can act advantageously to increase the anti-fog properties. Minute particles of an inorganic oxide that have been formed beforehand are added to a coating solution to form an organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film, and the minute particles of an inorganic oxide can thus be supplied to the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film.

[00084] When the average particle diameter of the tiny particles of an inorganic oxide is excessively large, the anti-fogging film of the organic-inorganic complex may be opaque, whereas when the average particle diameter of the tiny particles of an inorganic oxide is excessively small, the tiny particles aggregate, thus making it difficult to disperse the tiny particles uniformly. From this point of view, the average particle diameter of the tiny particles of an inorganic oxide is preferably from 1 to 20 nm, and more preferably from 5 to 20 nm. It is noted that the average particle diameter of the tiny particles of an inorganic oxide in the form of primary particles is taken as the average particle diameter of the tiny particles of an inorganic oxide described in the present invention.The average diameter of the tiny particles of an inorganic oxide is determined by measuring, through observation using a scanning electron microscope, the particle diameters of... Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 57 / 86 34 / 53 fifty randomly selected minute particles and employing the average value of the same. If the content of minute particles of an inorganic oxide is high, there is a risk that the amount of water absorption will decrease in the entire organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film and, thus, the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film becomes opaque. It is preferable to add the minute particles of an inorganic oxide so that the quantity of the same is preferably from 0 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably from 2 to 30 parts by weight, even more preferably from 5 to 25 parts by weight, and particularly preferably from 10 to 20 parts by weight, in relation to 100 parts by weight of the water-absorbing resin. Hydrolyzable metallic compound containing no water-repellent groups.

[00085] The anti-fog film may contain a metal oxide component derived from a hydrolyzable metal compound that does not contain a water-repellent group (water-repellent group-free hydrolyzable compound). A preferred water-repellent group-free hydrolyzable metal compound is a hydrolyzable silicon compound that does not contain a water-repellent group. The water-repellent group-free hydrolyzable silicon compound is at least one type of silicon compound (note that a water-repellent group is not contained) selected from silicon alkoxide, chlorosilane, acetoxysilane, alkenyloxysilane, and aminosilane, with silicon alkoxide that does not contain a water-repellent group. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 58 / 86 35 / 53 water being preferable. Note that an example of an alkenyloxysilane is isopropenoxysilane.

[00086] The hydrolyzable silicon compound that does not contain a water-repellent group may be a compound represented by formula (III) below. SiY4(III)

[00087] As described above, Y represents a hydrolyzable functional group, and is preferably at least one selected from an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an amino group and a halogen atom.

[00088] Hydrolyzable metal compounds free of water-repellent groups are hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed, and at least portions thereof are polycondensed. In this way, a metal oxide component in which metal atoms and oxygen atoms are bonded is provided. This component firmly binds the minute particles of a metal oxide and the water-absorbing resin, and can contribute to improving the abrasion resistance, hardness, water resistance and similar properties of the anti-fog film.It is preferable to define the amount of metal oxide component derived from the hydrolyzable metal compound that does not contain a water-repellent group as being in a range of 0 to 40 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 10 parts by mass, and optionally 4 to 12 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbing resin. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, p. 59 / 86 36 / 53

[00089] A preferable example of a hydrolyzable silicon compound that does not contain a water-repellent group is tetraalkoxysilane, and more specifically, tetraalkoxysilane containing an alkoxy group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Tetraalkoxysilane is, for example, at least one selected from tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetra-n-butoxysilane, tetraisobutoxysilane, tetra-sec-butoxysilane and tetra-tert-butoxysilane.

[00090] If the content of the tetraalkoxysilane-derived metal oxide (silica) component is excessively high, the anti-fog properties of the anti-fog film may be impaired. One reason for this is that the flexibility of the anti-fog film is impaired, and thus the swelling and shrinkage of the film caused by moisture absorption and discharge are limited. It is preferable to add a tetraalkoxysilane-derived metal oxide component in such a quantity that it is within a range of 0 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 3 to 10 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbing resin.

[00091] Another preferable example of a hydrolyzable silicon compound that does not contain a water-repellent group is a silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent is a silicon compound containing active functional groups that are different from each other. Preferably, a portion of the active functional groups are Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 60 / 86 37 / 53 hydrolyzable functional groups. An example of a silane coupling agent is a silicon compound containing an epoxy group and / or an amino group and a hydrolyzable functional group. Preferred examples of silane coupling agents include glycidyloxy alkyl trialkoxy silane and amino alkyl trialkoxy silane. It is preferable that, in these silane coupling agents, an alkylene group that is directly bonded to a silicon atom has 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Since a glycidyloxy alkyl group and an aminoalkyl group contain a hydrophilic functional group (epoxy group, amino group), they are not water-repellent as a whole even though they contain an alkylene group.

[00092] The silane coupling agent firmly couples water-absorbing resin, which is an organic compound, and minute particles of a metallic oxide and the like, which are inorganic components, and can contribute to improving the abrasion resistance, hardness, water resistance and the like of the anti-fog film 3. However, when the content of the metallic oxide component (silica) derived from the silane coupling agent is excessively high, the anti-fog properties of the anti-fog film 3 are impaired, and the anti-fog film 3 may be opaque in some cases. It is preferable to add the metallic oxide component derived from the silane coupling agent in such a way that the amount thereof is within a range of 0 to 10 parts by mass, preferably from 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably from 0.1 to 2 Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 61 / 86 38 / 53 parts by mass, compared to 100 parts by mass for the water-absorbing resin. Reticulated structure

[00093] In addition, the anti-fog film 3 may also include a cross-linked structure formed using a cross-linking agent, preferably at least one type of cross-linking agent selected from an organic boron compound, an organic titanium compound, and an organic zirconium compound. The introduction of the cross-linked structure improves the abrasion resistance, scratch resistance, and water resistance of the anti-fog film 3. From another point of view, the introduction of the cross-linked structure facilitates the improvement of the durability of the anti-fog film 3 without compromising its anti-fog properties.

[00094] When the crosslinked structure formed using a crosslinking agent is introduced into the antifogging film 3 in which the metal oxide component is a silica component, the antifogging film may contain a metal atom other than silicon, preferably boron, titanium or zirconium, in addition to silicon as metal atoms.

[00095] There is no particular limitation on the type of crosslinking agent as long as the water-absorbing resin used can be crosslinked. Here, only examples of organic titanium compounds will be listed. An organic titanium compound is, for example, at least one selected from a titanium alkoxide, a compound based on titanium chelate and titanium acylate. Examples of alkoxide Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 62 / 86 39 / 53 Titanium compounds include titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium tetra-nbutoxide, and titanium tetraoctoxide. Examples of titanium chelate-based compounds include titanium acetyl acetonate, titanium ethyl acetoacetate, titanium octylene glycol, titanium triethanolamine, and titanium lactate. Titanium lactate may be an ammonium salt (titanium lactate ammonium). An example of titanium acylate is titanium stearate. A preferred organic titanium compound is a titanium chelate compound, particularly titanium lactate.

[00096] When the water-absorbing resin is polyvinyl acetal, a preferred crosslinking agent is an organic titanium compound, particularly titanium lactate. Other optional components

[00097] Other additives may also be mixed into the anti-fog film 3. Examples of additives include glycols such as glycerin and ethylene glycol which have the function of improving the anti-fog properties. A surfactant, a leveling agent, an ultraviolet absorption agent, a coloring agent, an antifoaming agent, an antiseptic agent, and the like may be used as additives. Base layer

[00098] Although the anti-fog film 3 can be layered directly onto the glass plate 1, the anti-fog film 3 can also be layered onto a base layer formed on the glass plate 1. The layering of the anti-fog film 3 onto the Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 63 / 86 40 / 53 glass plate 1 via the base layer as described above makes it less likely that the anti-fog film 3 will detach. The base layer can be made of, for example, a silane coupling agent. Thickness

[00099] It is sufficient that the thickness of the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film be adjusted as appropriate according to the required anti-fog performance and similar. The thickness of the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film is preferably from 2 to 15 µm, more preferably from 2 to 12 µm, and even more preferably from 3 to 10 µm. If the thickness of the anti-fog film is 2 µm or more, a sufficient anti-fog effect can be obtained. On the other hand, if the thickness of the anti-fog film is excessively large, a reflected image may be distorted due to an uneven thickness. Furthermore, the anti-fog film is made of a resin material as mentioned above and thus has a birefringence index. Consequently, if the thickness is excessively large, a blurred image may be obtained. [000100] It is also possible to determine the thickness of the anti-fog film 3 from a different point of view. The anti-fog film 3 adheres to the glass sheet 1 and therefore it is preferable that the thickness of the anti-fog film 3 be, for example, 5 µm or more because it is possible to prevent broken pieces of the glass sheet 1 from scattering. From this point of view, the thickness of Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 64 / 86 41 / 53 anti-fog film 3 is more preferably 10 pm or more. Furthermore, a difference in optical thickness of the anti-fog film 3 is preferably 150 nm or more. It is noted that the difference in optical thickness is defined as a value obtained by multiplying the difference between the minimum and maximum thickness when observing the anti-fog film 3 by the refractive index of the anti-fog film. 1-5. Relationship between anti-fog film and interference margins [000101] The inventors of the present invention have made the following observations regarding the interference margins that may occur in the glass body 10 when the anti-fog film 3 is formed. [000102] (1) For example, if the visible light reflectance of the translucent reflective film 2 is 30% or more when interference margins occur, the interference margins become clear due to the high reflectance. [000103] (2) If the anti-fog film 3 is formed on the translucent reflective film 2, and the difference in an optical thickness of the anti-fog film 3 is 150 nm or more, interference margins are likely to occur because the phase shift increases due to the difference in an optical thickness. [000104] (3) If the thickness of the anti-fog film 3 is 10 µm or more, the regularity of the visible light wavefront that entered the anti-fog film 3 becomes confused or disappears when the visible light reaches the interface of the anti-fog film 3 on a side opposite to Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 65 / 86 42 / 53 light entry surface, thus making it possible to make interference margins that occur due to the uneven thickness of the anti-fog film 3 confusing or to make the interference margins disappear. The reason for this is as follows. [000105] Firstly, in general, the light entering the glass body 10 is incoherent light such as natural light or light from a lamp, however the incident incoherent light has an irregular wavefront. If an optical path length is short, regularity is observed in the wavefront of incoherent light at the light-entry surface and thus interference margins occur. On the other hand, if an optical path length is long, the regularity of the wavefront observed at the light-entry surface becomes difficult to recognize, and if an optical path length is longer than the coherence length, the regularity of the wavefront observed at the light-entry surface disappears.Therefore, if an optical path length is long, the regularity of the reflected light wavefront becomes difficult to recognize, and thus interference margins formed by light reflected from the light-incoming surface become blurred. Additionally, if an optical path length is longer than the coherence length, interference margins disappear. 1-6. Method for forming an anti-fog film [000106] Next, a method for forming the anti-fog film 3 will be described. There are no limitations. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 66 / 86 43 / 53 particular on the method for forming the anti-fog film 3. However, the above-described organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film 3 can be formed, for example, by applying a coating solution to form an organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film onto a transparent or similar substrate serving as the glass plate 1, and drying the glass plate 1 onto which the coating solution was applied. It is sufficient that known materials and methods are respectively used as the solvent to be used for the preparation of the coating solution and a method for applying the coating solution. At this point, the atmosphere is preferably maintained at a relative humidity of less than 40%, and more preferably 30% or less. Maintaining the atmosphere at a low relative humidity makes it possible to prevent the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film from absorbing an excessive amount of moisture from the atmosphere.If a large amount of moisture is absorbed from the atmosphere, there is a risk that water will enter and remain in the matrix of the organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film and cause the film's resistance to deteriorate. [000107] It is preferable that the drying step of the glass plate 1 onto which the coating solution has been applied includes an air-drying step and a heat-drying step to achieve drying by heating. It is preferable to perform the air-drying step by exposing the coating solution to an atmosphere that is maintained at a relative humidity of less than 40%, and more preferably 30% or Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 67 / 86 44 / 53 less. The air drying step can be performed as a non-heating step. In other words, it can be performed at room temperature. When the coating solution contains a hydrolyzable silicon compound, in the heat drying step, dehydration progresses in which silanol groups contained in the hydrolyzed silicon compounds and hydroxyl groups present in an article are involved, and a matrix structure (SiO bond network) that includes silicon atoms and oxygen atoms develops. The air drying step can be performed, for example, for approximately 10 minutes. [000108] To avoid the decomposition of organic substances such as water-absorbing resin, it is preferable that the temperature applied in the heat drying step not be excessively high. In this case, an appropriate heating temperature is 300°C or lower (e.g., 100 to 200°C). Specifically, three steps can be carried out. For example, firing is carried out at a temperature of about 120°C for about 5 minutes, drying is carried out at a temperature of about 80°C and a humidity of 90% for about 2 hours, and then firing is carried out at a temperature of about 120°C for about 30 minutes. The formation of the anti-fog film 3 is thus completed. 1-7. Glass body fog ratio [000109] The glass body 10 is a mirror medium, and can be used as a covering for an article. Therefore, it is preferable that the glass body have a low fog ratio so that an article can be Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 68 / 86 45 / 53 visually confirmed through the glass body 10. For example, the haze ratio of the glass body 10 is preferably 2.0% or less, and more preferably 1.5% or less. [000110] The haze ratio can be measured using, for example, a light transmittance measuring device of the integrating sphere type (HGM32DP, manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.; a light source C is used, and light is made incident from the side of the membrane surface). The haze ratio can be measured from the side of the translucent reflective film 2 as well as the side of the anti-fog film 3. 2. Characteristics [000111] The glass body 10 according to this embodiment can exhibit the following effects. [000112] (1) The glass body 10 according to this embodiment includes the translucent reflective film 2 whose visible light reflectance and visible light transmittance are adjusted, and can thus be used as a mirror medium. In addition, the anti-fog film 3 is provided, thus making it possible to suppress fogging of the glass plate 1. [000113] (2) Since the translucent reflective film is layered on the first surface 11 of the glass plate 1 and the anti-fog film 3 is layered on the second surface 12, this embodiment has the following advantages. [000114] (2-1) For example, if anti-fog film 3 is layered over the film Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 69 / 86 46 / 53 translucent reflective film 2, interference margins may occur depending on the light source. However, when the translucent reflective film 2 and the anti-fog film 3 are layered on surfaces 11 and 12 of glass plate 1, respectively, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of interference margins. [000115] (2-2) When glass sheet 1 is made of float glass, deposition of alkaline components contained in glass sheet 1 is suppressed on the lower surface where the tin oxide content is high. Therefore, layering the anti-fog film 3 on the lower surface of glass sheet 1 makes it possible to suppress the deterioration of the anti-fog film 3 caused by the alkaline components (e.g., the anti-fog film 3 can be prevented from becoming opaque). In particular, the anti-fog film 3 consisting of an organic-inorganic complex anti-fog film is likely to deteriorate due to the alkaline components. Therefore, it is advantageous to layer the anti-fog film 3 on the lower surface of glass sheet 1.On the other hand, the tin oxide content is low on the upper surface of glass plate 1, and therefore alkaline components are more likely to deposit on it compared to the lower surface. However, the translucent reflective film 2 is made of an inorganic metal oxide and is thus less likely to be affected by alkaline components, and its deterioration is suppressed. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 70 / 86 47 / 53 [000116] (2-3) The anti-fog film 3 can adhere more tightly to the glass plate 1 than to the translucent reflective film 2. The reason for this is that the glass plate 1 and the anti-fog film 3 adhered tightly to each other via silanol bonds. [000117] (3) As mentioned above, the fogging ratio can be reduced by reducing the surface roughness Ra of the translucent reflective film 2 or glass plate 1. However, if the surface roughness Ra is small, there is a risk that water droplets are more likely to adhere to it during dew condensation, thus fogging is more likely to occur. Therefore, in this embodiment, fogging of the second surface 12 of the glass plate 1, to which water droplets are likely to adhere, is suppressed by layering the anti-fogging film 3 over the second surface 12 of the glass plate 1. It is observed that if the surface roughness Ra is large, a water film is likely to form during dew condensation, leading to an increase in the surface area of ​​moisture. Thus, the water evaporates easily and fogging is less likely to occur. [000118] Note that although there is no specific limitation on the orientation of the glass body 10, it is preferable that the anti-fog film 3 be facing a side where fogging is likely to occur (e.g., higher temperature side). 3. Modified examples Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 71 / 86 48 / 53 [000119] Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications may be made without departing from the essence of the invention. It is noted that the following modified examples may be combined as appropriate. 3-1 [000120] In the embodiment above, the anti-fog film 3 is layered over the second surface 12 of the glass plate 1. However, for example, the anti-fog film 3 can also be layered over the translucent reflective film 2 as shown in figure 4. With this configuration, the following effects can be obtained. [000121] (1) In the case where the thermal conductivity of the translucent reflective film 2 is greater than the thermal conductivity of the glass plate 1, if a portion of the glass body 10 on, for example, the side of the glass plate 1 is cooled, the heat on the side of the translucent reflective film 2 is likely to be transmitted to the translucent reflective film 2, and thus fogging is likely to occur. Therefore, such fogging can be suppressed by layering the anti-fog film 3 over the translucent reflective film 2. [000122] (2) In the case where the outermost layer of the translucent reflective film (2) is made, for example, of SiCh, when the translucent reflective film is washed using an alkaline detergent, SiO2 may be deteriorated due to the alkaline components because SiO2 has low Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 72 / 86 49 / 53 alkali resistance. Therefore, S1O2 can be protected from alkaline components by covering S1O2 with an anti-fog film 3. In particular, if the surface of the anti-fog film 3 is made water-repellent, infiltration of alkaline components into the anti-fog film 3 can be suppressed, thus making it possible to further protect S1O2. [000123] (3) Since the anti-fog film 3 is not in direct contact with the glass plate 1, it is possible to prevent the alkaline components that deposit from the glass plate 1 from coming into contact with the anti-fog film 3, and to prevent the anti-fog film 3 from deteriorating (e.g., becoming opaque). [000124] It is observed that if the anti-fog film 3 is layered over the translucent reflective film 2, there is a risk that interference margins are likely to occur as mentioned above. In this case, it is preferable to reduce a difference in refractive index between the anti-fog film 3 and the translucent reflective film 2. Specifically, the difference in refractive index is preferably 0.1 or less. If the difference in refractive index is reduced, reflection at the interface between the anti-fog film 3 and the translucent reflective film 2 can be suppressed, thus making it possible to suppress the interference. Furthermore, if the difference in refractive index is small, the light amplitude will be reduced, and thus interference margins are less likely to be observed. Additionally, interference margins Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 73 / 86 50 / 53 can be further suppressed by setting the refractive index of the anti-fog film to 1.6 or less. 3-2 [000125] The anti-fog film 3 can also be layered over the translucent reflective film 2 and the second surface 12 of the glass plate 1. 3-3 [000126] In the embodiment above, the anti-fog film 3 is layered directly onto the second surface 12 of the glass plate 1. However, a configuration can also be employed in which an anti-fog sheet is attached to it. The anti-fog sheet includes a film substrate similar to the transparent sheet, the aforementioned anti-fog layer layered on one surface of the film substrate, and a transparent adhesive layer layered on the other surface of the film substrate. The anti-fog sheet can be attached to the glass plate 1 by attaching the adhesive layer to the second surface 12 of the glass plate 1. [000127] The film substrate can be formed using, for example, a transparent resin sheet made of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate or similar. The thickness of the film substrate can be adjusted, for example, from 10 to 100 µm, and is preferably 75 to 100 µm. If the thickness of the film substrate is 10 µm or more, the occurrence of interference margins between the translucent reflective film 2 and the anti-fog film 3 can be suppressed. The adhesive layer can be formed Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 74 / 86 51 / 53 using, for example, an acrylic adhesive or a silicone adhesive. Note that such an anti-fog sheet can also be attached to the translucent reflective film 2. In this case, the interference margin can be eliminated because the film substrate has sufficient thickness. [000128] 3-3 [000129] A light-protective film can also be formed on the anti-fog film 3. For example, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, a light-protective film 4 can be formed along the peripheral edge of the glass body 10. However, there is no particular limitation on the shape of the light-protective film 4, and it is sufficient that the light-protective film 4 is formed in a region to be protected from light as appropriate. There is no particular limitation on the material constituting the light-protective film 4 as long as it has light-protective properties, and, for example, dark-colored ink such as black ink, brown ink, gray ink, or dark blue ink can be applied to the anti-fog film 3 by printing.Specific examples of light protection film material 4 include resins such as urethane resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and polyethylene resin in which a color pigment is mixed. The thickness of the light protection film 3 is not particularly limited, but can be adjusted, for example, from 30 to 100 µm. Also, a dark-colored film can be attached to the anti-fog film 3 and used as the light protection film. Note that... Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 75 / 86 52 / 53 light protection properties mean, for example, a visible light transmittance of 20% or less. [000130] However, in order to prevent the inner edge of the light-protective film 4, namely, the boundary between the light-protective film 4 and a region in which the light-protective film 4 is not disposed, from being conspicuous, the light-protective film 4 may also be colored in a warm or similar color instead of a dark color by adjusting a pigment. For example, when the color of the light-protective film 4 is represented using the L*,a*,b* color system (CIE standard), the chromaticity a* can be adjusted from -10 to 50, the chromaticity b* can be adjusted from -10 to 50, and the chromaticity L* can be adjusted from 10 to 100. The chromaticity a* is preferably 0 to 30, and more preferably 5 to 20. The chromaticity b* is preferably 0 to 30, and more preferably 5 to 20. The chromaticity L* is preferably 0 to 50, and more preferably 5 to 20.With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the conspicuousness of the light protection film boundary 4 as seen from the second zone 62. [000131] Note that although the example in which the light-protection film 4 is formed on the anti-fog film 3 is shown in the description above, the light-protection film 4 can also be formed on the translucent reflective film 2 in the same way. Alternatively, the light-protection film 4 can also be formed on the anti-fog film 3 and the translucent reflective film 2. Petition 870220027242, dated 03 / 30 / 2022, pp. 76 / 86 53 / 53 3-4 [000132] There is no particular limitation on the shape of the glass sheet 1, and various shapes are possible. Furthermore, there is no need to form the translucent reflective film 2 and the anti-fog film 3 over the entire surface of the glass sheet 1; it is sufficient that each is formed corresponding to a required area on the glass sheet 1. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 Glass sheet 2 Translucent reflective film 3 Anti-fog film 4 Light protection film

Claims

1. Mirror medium characterized in that it comprises: a glass plate (1) having a first surface (11) and a second surface (12) on a side opposite the first surface (11); a translucent reflective film (2) disposed on the first surface (11) of the glass plate (1); and an anti-fogging medium disposed on at least one of the translucent reflective film (2) and the second surface (12) of the glass plate (1), wherein the glass plate (1) is made of float glass, and a tin oxide concentration on the first surface (11) is lower than a tin oxide concentration on the second surface (12), wherein the translucent reflective film (2) is formed by layering a plurality of layers, and at least one of the plurality of layers is formed by an inorganic metal oxide.

2. Mirror medium, according to claim 1, characterized in that the anti-fog medium includes an anti-fog film (3), and the anti-fog film (3) is provided over the translucent reflective film (2), and a difference in refractive index between the anti-fog film (3) and the outermost layer of the translucent reflective film (2) that is adjacent to the anti-fog film (3) is 0.1 or less. Petition 870240070128, dated 08 / 16 / 2024, p. 13 / 20 2 / 3 3. Half mirror, according to claim 2, characterized in that the anti-fog film (3) has a refractive index of 1.6 or less.

4. Half mirror, according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a difference in an optical thickness of the anti-fog film (3) is 150 nm or more, and the anti-fog film (3) has a thickness of 10 pm or more.

5. Mirror medium, according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the anti-fog medium includes: the anti-fog film (3); a film substrate that supports the anti-fog film (3) and has a thickness of 10 µm or more; and an adhesive layer that is disposed on a surface of the film substrate on a side opposite the anti-fog film (3) and is used to fix the film substrate to the translucent reflective film (2).

6. Half-mirror, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, when a color tone reflected on the translucent reflective film side is represented using the L*a*b color system, a value of a* is from -15 to 15, and when a color tone reflected on the translucent reflective film side is represented using the L*a*b* color system, a value of b* is from -15 to 15.

7. Half mirror, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thermal conductivity of the translucent reflective film (2) is greater than that of the glass sheet (1).

8. Half mirror, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the translucent reflective film (2) is formed by layering a plurality of layers, and at least one of the plurality of layers is a metal reflective layer made of a metal or semimetal.

9. A mirror medium, according to claim 8, characterized in that the reflective metal layer contains at least one of Si, Ag, Al, Cr, Ti, and Mo as a principal component.

10. Half mirror, according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the outermost layer of the translucent reflective film (2) has a refractive index of 1.5 or less for a visible light region.

11. Mirror layer, according to claim 10, characterized in that the outermost layer contains SiO2 as a major component.

12. Mirror medium, according to claim 11, characterized in that the anti-fog medium includes an anti-fog film (3), and the anti-fog film (3) is provided over the translucent reflective film (2).

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