Reverse flow device

Abstract

REVERSE FLOW APPARATUS. A reverse flow apparatus comprising a chamber with a series of two or more sequential rings mounted on a shaft extending axially through the chamber, the rings being separated by a space, each ring comprising a circumference and one or more S-shaped members extending from one point on the circumference to another point on the circumference and through a ring center, the two or more sequential rings being mounted along the shaft in a twisting arrangement such that at least one ring in the apparatus has its S-shaped member in a forward-facing position and at least one ring in the apparatus has its S-shaped member in a backward-facing position.

Description

1 / 53 Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for: “REVERSE FLOW APPARATUS” FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[001] The present description refers to a reverse flow apparatus device for mixing two or more solutions or mixing one or more solutions with one or more solutes and to systems and methods for producing mixed liquid solutions. The present description also refers to the processing of emulsions with the reverse flow apparatus of the present description. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION

[002] In today's market, static mixers do not cut and redirect the flow of liquid solutions from laminar to turbulent flow. The liquid remains partially laminar, therefore they are inefficient at creating a truly homogeneous new mixture. They also have dead spots within them that have little or no flow, allowing debris to accumulate.

[003] Oil emulsions are broken down using solvents, ultrasound, and / or heat distillation extraction. It would be advantageous to have a device that does not require heat, ultrasound, or solvents to break inter- and intramolecular bonds and separate water from an oil emulsion. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 28 / 94 2 / 53

[004] Within the present description, a device for obtaining a mixture of liquids or for obtaining a mixture of liquid(s) and solid(s) or a mixture of liquid(s) and gas(es) and systems and methods that allow the generation of said mixtures.

[005] In one embodiment, the present description provides a reverse flow apparatus comprising a chamber with a series of two or more sequential rings mounted on a shaft extending axially through the chamber, the rings being separated by a space, each ring comprising a circumference and one or more S-shaped members extending from one point on the circumference to another point on the circumference and through a ring center, the two or more sequential rings being mounted along the shaft in a twisting arrangement such that at least one ring in the apparatus has its S-shaped member in a forward-facing position and at least one ring in the apparatus has its S-shaped member in a backward-facing position.

[006] In embodiments of the reverse flow apparatus of the present description, the spiral apparatus includes a housing having an inlet portion for receiving one or more untreated liquids, a treatment portion containing the chamber for treating one or more untreated liquids and an outlet portion for releasing the one or more treated liquids. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 29 / 94 3 / 53

[007] In embodiments of the reverse flow apparatus of the present description, one or more rings are made of a metal or a combination of metals.

[008] In embodiments of the reverse flow apparatus described herein, the rings are made of stainless steel containing molybdenum (Mo).

[009] In embodiments of the reverse flow apparatus of the present description, the rings are made of a metallic alloy comprising about 0.5% by weight or more of molybdenum, about 1.0% by weight or more of molybdenum, about 1.5% by weight or more of molybdenum, or from about 3.0% by weight to about 4.0% by weight of molybdenum.

[0010] In embodiments of the reverse flow apparatus of the present description, the space is 15 cm or less.

[0011] In another embodiment, the present description provides a system for treating liquid solutions or emulsions, the system including a source of the liquid solution or emulsion and a reverse flow apparatus according to an embodiment of the present description, the inlet portion of the reverse flow apparatus being operatively connected to the source.

[0012] In embodiments, the system further comprises at least one of a filtration device, a UV sterilizer and a Z-potential crystal generator, wherein the reverse flow apparatus, the source and at least one of the filtration device, the UV sterilizer and the generator of Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 30 / 94 4 / 53 crystal potential Z are in net communication with each other.

[0013] In embodiments, the system further comprises a filtration device, a UV sterilizer and a Z-potential crystal generator, wherein the reverse flow apparatus, the source, the filtration device, the UV sterilizer and the Z-potential crystal generator are in net communication with each other.

[0014] In embodiments, the system comprises multiple reverse flow devices according to embodiments of the present description.

[0015] In another embodiment, the present description refers to a method that produces a mixed solution of liquids or of one or more liquids with one or more solids, the method comprising passing the liquids to be mixed or one or more liquids and one or more solids to be mixed through the reverse flow apparatus according to an embodiment of the present description, thereby producing the mixed solution.

[0016] In embodiments of the method of producing a mixed solution, one or more liquids include a gas.

[0017] In embodiments of the method of producing a mixed solution, one or more liquids are optionally passed, before or after the apparatus, through at least one filtration system. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 31 / 94 5 / 53

[0018] In embodiments of the mixed solution production method, the gas includes nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone, ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, or combinations thereof.

[0019] In another embodiment, the present description refers to a method of converting laminar flow into turbulent flow, the method comprising passing a liquid with laminar flow through the reverse flow apparatus according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0020] In another embodiment, the present description proves for a liquid or emulsion processed with an apparatus of the present description.

[0021] In another embodiment, the present description refers to a method for breaking an oil-in-water emulsion, the method comprising passing the oil-in-water emulsion through a reverse flow apparatus of the present description to obtain a processed material whereby a separate aqueous phase and an oil phase are produced.

[0022] In one embodiment of the method for breaking an emulsion in water, the method further comprises pyrolyzing the oil-in-water emulsion to obtain a derivative, and wherein the method comprises passing the derivative through the reverse flow apparatus instead of the oil-in-water emulsion.

[0023] In another embodiment of the oil-in-water emulsion breaking method, the oil-in-water emulsion is residual water. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 32 / 94 6 / 53 oily, a petroleum feedstock or a part of a secondary oil recovery system.

[0024] In another embodiment, the present description refers to a method for reducing the viscosity of the liquid solution or oil containing emulsion, the method comprising passing the liquid solution or oil containing emulsion through a reverse flow apparatus of the present description to obtain a processed material with a lower viscosity than the liquid solution or oil containing emulsion, thereby decreasing the viscosity of the liquid solution or oil containing emulsion.

[0025] In another embodiment, the present description refers to a method for lowering the boiling point of an original liquid source containing kerogens, long-chain hydrocarbons or a mixture thereof, the method comprising passing the original liquid source through a reverse flow apparatus of the present description to obtain a treated material, wherein the boiling point of the original liquid source is higher than the boiling point of the treated liquid.

[0026] In another embodiment, the present description refers to a method of cracking a liquid comprising passing the liquid through a reverse flow apparatus of the present description to obtain a cracked liquid.

[0027] In embodiments of the liquid cracking method, the cracked liquid contains more hydrocarbons Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 33 / 94 7 / 53 with species that have shorter carbon chains compared to the liquid.

[0028] In embodiments of the liquid cracking method, the method is solvent-free.

[0029] In embodiments of the liquid cracking method, the liquid is an emulsion, a petroleum feedstock, or a part of a secondary oil recovery system.

[0030] In another embodiment, the present description refers to a method of treating Crohn's disease, a neuropathy, or reducing inflammation of the knee joints in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a liquid processed through a reverse flow apparatus of the present description.

[0031] In another embodiment, the present description refers to the use of liquid processed through a reverse flow apparatus of the present description for the treatment of Crohn's disease, a neuropathy, or to reduce inflammation of the joints. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The following figures illustrate various aspects and preferred and alternative modes of description.

[0033] FIG. 1 Perspective view of the exterior of a reverse flow apparatus according to an embodiment of the present description. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 34 / 94 8 / 53

[0034] FIG. 2 Perspective view of an interior of the treatment portion of a reverse flow device according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0035] FIG. 3. Perspective view of a ring element and a shaft of a reverse flow apparatus according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0036] FIG. 4 Front view of a ring element of a reverse flow device according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0037] FIG. 5A Illustration of a 7-ring configuration within a reverse flow device according to one embodiment.

[0038] FIG. 5B. An embodiment of a 7-ring configuration within the same reverse flow apparatus illustrated in FIG. 5A.

[0039] FIG. 6. Side view of a reverse flow device according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0040] FIG. 7. Graph illustrating a system containing a reverse flow apparatus according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0041] FIG. 8. Photograph of centrifuge tubes containing emulsions processed with the reverse flow apparatus of the present description. The emulsions were taken from different levels of a waste tank. The sample in the first tube on the left was taken from a cone at the bottom of Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 35 / 94 9 / 53 a waste tank, while the fourth pipe from the left is taken from the top of the waste tank. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this document have the same meaning as commonly understood by an individual moderately skilled in the art to which the present description pertains. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, except within the claims, the use of or includes and vice versa. Non-limiting terms should not be interpreted as limiting unless expressly stated or the context clearly indicates otherwise (for example, containing, including, having, and comprising typically indicate including, without limitation). Examples of limiting terms include consisting of and consisting essentially of. Singular forms, including in the claims, such as a, an, and the include the plural reference unless expressly indicated otherwise.

[0043] The term fluid includes liquids and / or gases.

[0044] The term liquid is used to include liquid solutions and / or emulsions (oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions) and / or liquids containing a single component. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 36 / 94 10 / 53

[0045] The term waste oil used in this document includes waste fossil fuel oil, waste edible oil and a mixture thereof and solutions and emulsions containing waste oil.

[0046] The terms treat, treating and treatment, when used in relation to the treatment of a disease, refer to a method to alleviate or reduce the disease and / or its accompanying symptoms.

[0047] In order to assist in understanding and preparing the internal description, the following illustrative, but not limiting, examples are provided. a. Overview

[0048] The inventive static reverse flow apparatus, system and method of the present description effectively converts the flow of a liquid from a laminar flow to a turbulent flow. The apparatus, system and method of the invention of the present description effectively produces mixtures of liquids or liquids with solids or liquids with gases without requiring the use of catalysts, additives or toxic or harmful chemicals. In some embodiments, the term mixture is used to refer to the output of the apparatus of the present description. The system and process can be implemented in a stationary, installed unit or in a portable unit. The inventive system can also be adapted to liquid solution dispensing systems. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 37 / 94 11 / 53 existing, such as water distribution systems. Although several specific embodiments are described, it will be evident that the description is not limited to the embodiments illustrated and that additional embodiments may also be used. The liquid mixtures produced by the methods of the present description are highly effective in a variety of applications, as will be described below in this document. The apparatus, systems and methods of the present description do not require external air or gas to produce the mixtures. b. Reverse flow apparatus

[0049] With reference to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 6, the apparatus or device 100 of the present description includes a housing or body 110 of the apparatus.

[0050] 100 having an inlet flow portion 140 for receiving one or more liquids (the untreated liquids) with or without one or more solids or gases, an outlet flow portion 150 for releasing the mixture (the treated liquid or liquids), and a treatment portion 115 between the inlet flow 140 and the outlet flow 150 for treating one or more liquids with or without one or more solids or for treating emulsions, such as oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions. For example, tap water may contain chloride and fluoride, waste may contain water and oils, and so on. The apparatus or device 100 of the present description Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 38 / 94 12 / 53 can also be referred to as a static device because it has no moving parts.

[0051] In embodiments, the housing 110 assumes a substantially tubular form. The inlet 140 and the outlet flow portions 150 may include a threaded protrusion 120 and 130 at each end. The housing 110 and the protrusions 120 and 130 are preferably made of a substantially inert material. In embodiments, examples of such inert material include polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

[0052] The treatment portion 115 of the device includes a series of ring elements 160 arranged sequentially along a longitudinal axis of the housing 110 and are interposed between the inlet and outlet portions of the spiral device 100, as shown in FlGs 2, 5A-5B and 6. The number of rings in the spiral device 100 will depend on the length of the housing 110. In embodiments, between 2 and 30 spaced rings 160. More than 30 spaced rings 160 may also be used in longer housings. Each ring element 160 may take the form of a disc. In embodiments, ring elements 160 are supported or mounted on a central rod or shaft 190. The ring element 160 may include opposite sides or walls 161, 162 and a peripheral or side wall along the circumference 163 of the ring element 160. A side 161 of the ring element Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 39 / 94 13 / 53 160 faces the inflow portion and the opposite side 162 faces the outflow portion of the apparatus. The peripheral wall 163 extends between opposing shear walls 161, 162. The ring-shaped elements 160 can be maintained in a spaced relationship to each other. The elements 160 can be separated from each other by a space 170. In embodiments, the space 170 separating the elements 160 can vary depending on the length and / or diameter of the housing 110. The larger the diameter and / or the longer the length, the longer the space 170 can be. For example, for a housing 110 with a diameter of 8 inches (about 20.32 cm) or less, the space 170 can be, for example, between about 0.1 inch (about 0.25 cm) to about 12 inches (about 30.5 cm). In some modalities, the space is approximately 30 cm or less. In others, the space is 15 cm or less than 15 cm.A 60-inch (approximately 152.4 cm) diameter housing 110 may include spaces 170 that are above 8 inches (approximately 20.32 cm). FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate different configurations of the rings 160 within the same device. 100.

[0053] In embodiments, each element 160 includes or receives at least one curved member 310, which may assume an S-shape or a serpentine shape. The S-shaped member 310 extends from one point on the circumference 163 of the element 160 to another point on the circumference 163, while crossing Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 40 / 94 14 / 53 the center 169 of the ring element 160, thus creating openings 311 between the S-shaped members 310 of a ring 160. In embodiments, each S-shaped member 310 includes edges 167. In embodiments, the edges 167, which in embodiments have a scallop design, are sharpened. Each element 160 may include at least one S-shaped member 310. In embodiments, the element 160 includes 2 coplanar S-shaped members 310. In embodiments, the element 160 may also include more than 2 (i.e., 3, 4, 5, and so on) S-shaped members. Preferably, the disc-shaped elements including the S-shaped member 310 are laser-made.

[0054] Each element 160 has a width ''a. In embodiments, the width a of each disc-shaped element 160 is about half or less the distance b between two consecutive ring elements 160. In embodiments, the center 169 of each element 160 includes an opening 168 to receive the shaft 180. The ring element illustrated in Fig. 3 does not show an opening to receive the shaft 180; however, this illustration is only an example, and an opening must be present to receive the shaft.

[0055] The axially successive rings 160 are arranged along the rod 180. In one embodiment, the elements 160 are arranged on the rod 180 in a tornado or spiral arrangement, such that at least one ring 160 has Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 41 / 94 15 / 53 its S-shaped member 310 in a forward-facing position (310a) and at least one ring having its S-shaped member in a backward-facing position (310b) (i.e., at least one ring element is inverted or reversed relative to another ring element in the apparatus). FIG. 2 illustrates an alternating pattern in which a ring having the S-shaped member 310 in a forward-facing position (310a) is followed by a ring having a ring with the S-shaped member in a backward-facing position (310b). Having the members 310 arranged in a spiral arrangement serves to rotate the flow of the incoming liquid and to increase the shear force by reversing the flow of the liquids, solutions or emulsions being treated, therefore, the apparatus 100 of the present description may be referred to as a reverse flow apparatus.However, it should be understood that the present description also covers a situation where two or more rings with the same direction of the S-shaped member 310 are close to each other, provided that at least one ring in the housing 110 has the S-shaped member in the reverse direction 310.

[0056] In embodiments, each ring 160 is arranged substantially perpendicular to the flow of untreated liquid or fluid within the housing 110, such that the elements 160 substantially reduce any direct flow of liquid or fluid through the housing 110 and, as a result, the flow of liquid or fluid passes through the openings 311 Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 42 / 94 16 / 53 in each of the rings 160. Due to the twisting arrangement of the S-shaped members 310, the liquid / fluid flow between the rings 160 is turbulent and, by virtue of the different cross-sectional areas of the openings 311 in each ring 160, the width of the rings 160 and the space 170 between the rings 160, the liquid / fluid is caused to accelerate and decelerate as it passes through the housing 110 to ensure turbulent flow over the surfaces of the discs 160.

[0057] In embodiments, the 160 rings are manufactured from a single metal. Preferably, the 160 ring elements are made of a corrosion-resistant metal. Preferably, the ring elements are made from a non-magnetic 300 series stainless steel, such as 316L, 317L or 904L, or any stainless steel containing molybdenum (Mo). Preferably, the 160 elements are laser-cut, machine-cut, or cut with a non-ionic process, such as waterjet cutting, in order to help maximize the metallurgical properties.

[0058] In embodiments, elements 160 are made of a corrosion-resistant metal or alloy containing from about 0.5% by weight to about 4% by weight of molybdenum or more. In certain embodiments, it is provided that the elements may contain up to 5% by weight of molybdenum or up to 10% by weight of molybdenum. Elements 160 may be made of a 300 series stainless steel alloy, such as 316L or 317L, and also Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 43 / 94 17 / 53 904L. According to certain aspects of the present teaching, the 300 series alloy includes a minimum amount of molybdenum. In certain embodiments, the minimum amount of molybdenum is about 0.5% by weight of the total weight of the alloy. In other embodiments, the minimum amount of molybdenum is greater than 3% by weight, or about 4% by weight of the total weight of the alloy. In other embodiments, the minimum amount of molybdenum is greater than 4% by weight of the total weight of the alloy. In certain embodiments, elements 160 are made of 317L or 904L stainless steel.

[0059] At least one of the surfaces of elements 160 may be machined or polished to remove forging scale from the casting process. In certain embodiments, the surfaces may be machined or polished to remove forging scale, and in other embodiments, the surfaces are machined or polished to remove forging scale from the casting process. For example, in certain cases, the thickness of the elements is reduced from 5 / 8 inch to 1 / 4 inch (about 1.6 cm to about 0.6 cm) by machining and / or polishing, thus exposing the bare metal of the disc-like metal. Molybdenum-Activated Liquid Production System

[0060] Molybdenum is an essential trace element found in foods such as milk, cheese, cereal grains, legumes, nuts, leafy vegetables, and organ meats. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 44 / 94 18 / 53

[0061] Molybdenum is most commonly used for molybdenum deficiency. It is also used for esophageal cancer, other types of cancer, Wilson's disease, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

[0062] The molybdenum-activated treated liquid of the present description can condition surfaces by removing oils, enzymes, phenols and other impurities within the liquid. The molybdenum-activated liquid improves the solvency of the liquid and produces a new type of lubricant that serves to prevent biofilm adhesion to surfaces.

[0063] The combination of the above effects creates a sanitized surface / system. c. System

[0064] The system described herein can be constructed in a variety of different embodiments and can be employed in connection with the creation of liquid mixtures or liquid(s) and solder(s) and processing liquids.

[0065] In embodiments, the inventive system includes at least one apparatus 100 of the present description. The system may include one, two, three or more apparatus 100 of the present description. If more than one apparatus 100 is included, the apparatus 100 may be arranged in series side by side, or may alternate with other components of the system. In another embodiment, the system includes a liquid source. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 45 / 94 19 / 53 and a treatment module including a device 100 of the present description.

[0066] Polar and non-polar liquids, hydrophilic and lipophilic liquids, including solutions and emulsions, may be used as the source liquid or fluid for the inventive system and treated to create a mixture or to create a liquid solution / emulsion or processed liquid solution or emulsion. As such, the source may include oils, alcohols, water, solvents, fuels, surfactants, gels, carbohydrates, waste oil, petroleum, a portion of a secondary oil recovery, waste water, and so forth, or combinations of any of the oils, alcohols, water, solvents, fuels, surfactants, gels, carbohydrates, waste oil, waste water.

[0067] With reference to FIG. 7, the system 600, in embodiments, includes an optional source liquid pretreatment system (not shown), an apparatus 100 of the present description, optionally at least one filtration device 660 and an optional UV sterilizer 650. The apparatus 100, the filter 660 and the UV sterilizer 650 are in liquid communication with each other and are connected by means of a conduit system. The conduit system may include, for example, tubes, hoses, pipes, channels and the like. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 46 / 94 20 / 53

[0068] The source liquid or source fluid, such as water or tap water, solutions, emulsions, oils, alcohols, liquid waste, and so forth, is supplied from any suitable source (e.g., a tap, a tank, or a container) and the liquid / fluid may be stored in a reservoir, or may be supplied continuously or intermittently from any source. The composition of the source liquid may be tested and, if necessary, additional minerals and other constituents may be added. The source liquid may also be treated, before or after retention in the reservoir, in the pre-treatment system to remove substantially unwanted contaminants that may interfere with the treatment process, such as debris, oil-containing constituents, and the like.

[0069] The source liquid can be added continuously or intermittently to the liquid reservoir. The liquid can flow through apparatus 100 with sufficient force and pressure to initiate the mixing process. When necessary, a pump can be used to generate said force and pressure. In this embodiment, the liquid can be actively pumped towards apparatus 100 of system 600 of the present description. The liquid can also be released using a passive system, such as that located in Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 47 / 94 21 / 53 a plume to treat water before a water turbine or propeller.

[0070] In another embodiment, the treated source liquid is then passed through at least one filtration device 660. In a preferred embodiment, the filtration device 660 substantially reduces or eliminates bacteria, viruses, cysts and the like. Any filtration devices known in the art may be used.The 660 filtration device may include, but is not limited to, particle filters, carbon filters, reverse osmosis filters, activated carbon filters, ceramic carbon filters, distiller filters, ionized filters, ion exchange filters, ultraviolet filters, backwash filters, magnetic filters, energy filters, vortex filters, chemical oxidation filters, chemical dependency filters, Pi water filters, resin filters, membrane disc filters, microfiltration membrane filters, cellulose nitrate membrane filters, screen filters, sieve filters or microporous filters and combinations thereof. The treated and filtered liquid may be stored or distributed for use and consumption.

[0071] Before reaching at least one filtration device 660, the treated liquid may optionally be passed through a zeta potential crystal generator. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 48 / 94 22 / 53 (not shown). High zeta potential crystal generators are known in the art and generally useful for preventing or reducing fouling. A known high zeta potential crystal generator is the Zeta Rod™ system. The Zeta Rod™ system increases the zeta potential of crystals by electronically dispersing bacteria and mineral colloids in liquid systems, eliminating the threat of biofouling and fouling and significantly reducing the use of chemical additives. Colloids in liquid systems become capacitor components and receive a strong boost to their natural surface charge, altering the double-layer conditions governing particle interactions. Mineral fouling formation is prevented as the Zeta Rod™ system stabilizes the dispersion of colloidal materials and suspended solids, preventing nucleation and fouling attachment on wet surfaces.The bacteria remain dispersed in the bulk fluid instead of binding to surfaces and cannot absorb nutrients or replicate to form sludge and create unpleasant odors. Existing biofilm becomes overhydrated, loses binding strength, and disperses. Furthermore, biofouling, biocorrosion, and scale formation are halted by the Zeta Rod™ system.

[0072] Another known high zeta potential crystal generator is the Sterling Water Anti-Scale Appliance manufactured by Sterling Water Systems, LLC, a subsidiary Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 49 / 94 23 / 53 from Porta Via Water Company. As water passes through the sterling water anti-scaling device, an electric current is discharged into the water, which reduces the surface tension of the water and inhibits the formation of scale and hard water. The inhibition of scale formation is due to the increase in the zeta potential of the treated water, which prevents mineral particles from coming together.

[0073] The treated liquid or treated fluid may be distributed to consumers or stored in a storage container, such as a reservoir. In this embodiment, prior to distribution of the stored treated liquid, the treated liquid may be passed through a second apparatus of the present description. The treated liquid, once or twice, or three times and so forth, is then distributed for use and consumption. It should be understood that the system may include one, two, or more than two apparatuses (i.e., three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and so forth number of apparatuses), as such, the treated liquid may then be distributed for consumption three or more times. c. Method of Producing a Turbulent Solution

[0074] In one embodiment, the present description refers to a method of mixing liquids or one or more liquids with one or more solids to form a mixture. The method, in one embodiment, may include passing one or more source liquids and / or one or more solids through Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 50 / 94 24 / 53 an apparatus of the present description, thereby producing a mixed liquid.

[0075] In one step of the method, a source liquid may be passed through apparatus 100. The source liquid may be passed at a suitable pressure, such as about 3.2 bar. The pressure may be about 4 bar and the maximum pressure may be approximately

[0076] 20 bar. The minimum pressure for the device described here to be effective is approximately 1 bar.

[0077] The critical material for the elements can be manufactured from a single metal, preferably a corrosion-resistant metal - for example, 300 series stainless steel (e.g., 316L, 317L and so on), or 904L stainless steel, preferably Mo-containing stainless steels.

[0078] There may be at least two elements in an apparatus of the present description. In one embodiment, there may be a minimum of 2 elements in a small apparatus.

[0079] Applications include the homogeneous mixing of all polar and non-polar solutions. From water and chemicals listed for disinfection to gasoline, diesel oil, sea oil and also all lubricating and combustion oils.

[0080] The present description also refers to a method of producing a liquid with turbulent flow or of converting laminar flow into turbulent flow. The method Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 51 / 94 25 / 53 includes passing a liquid, which may have laminar flow, through an apparatus of the present description, thereby producing a liquid with turbulent flow.

[0081] The present description also refers to liquids created with an apparatus of the present description and to liquids with turbulent flows produced with an apparatus of the present description. f. Applications

[0082] The inventive apparatus of the present description and the systems of the present description are used to eliminate bacteria and microorganisms and to improve the overall quality of liquid in various liquid systems. These liquid systems, described in more detail below, may include, but are not limited to, water heaters, water coolers, potable water systems, food processing setups, molecule purification, domestic water filtration systems, sanitation setups, water softeners, ion exchangers, and medical, dental, and industrial water supply lines, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), waste management, and the like. Water Heating Systems

[0083] In embodiments, the static apparatus of the present description is integrated into several systems of Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 52 / 94 26 / 53 Water heating. It has been unexpectedly discovered that water treated by a water heating system supplied with the static apparatus of the present description can eliminate bacteria and microorganisms in the water, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of water heating systems. Liquid heating systems that benefit from the inventive system may include, but are not limited to, continuous water heaters, gas-fired hot water tank heaters, electric hot water tank heaters, recirculating hot water systems for hot water tanks, continuous water heaters, district heating systems, underfloor heating systems, heat exchangers supplying hot water and / or steam, or in combination with heat transfer liquids such as natural or synthetic hot oils. Water cooling systems

[0084] In embodiments, the static apparatus of the present description is integrated into various water cooling systems. It has been unexpectedly found that water treated by a water cooling system supplied with a static apparatus of the present description improves cooling transfer efficiency. Water cooling systems may include, but are not limited to, continuous water chillers, refrigerators, Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 53 / 94 27 / 53 Gas and electrically fired evaporators, cooling pads, wet film evaporators, evaporative cooling systems, ground source cooling systems, lake or river water cooling systems, heat exchange cooling systems for lakes, land, rivers or ocean waters, district cooling systems, recirculation cooling systems, underfloor cooling systems, cooling towers of all types and models, vacuum applications for industrial cooling in boilers, cooktops of sugar mills, paper mills, oil refineries, mining plants, power plants, including: coal, gas, oil, biomass and nuclear.

[0085] The static apparatus described herein alters the physical properties of the liquid, reduces the zeta potential and reduces the viscosity of the water. Drinking Water Systems

[0086] In embodiments, the static apparatus of the present description is integrated into various drinking water systems. It has been found that water treated in a system incorporating the static apparatus of the present description can improve water quality as well as improve the taste of the water. Drinking water systems may include, but are not limited to, wells, springs, ponds, lakes, rivers and the like. The static apparatus of the present description Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 54 / 94 28 / 53 alters the physical properties of the liquid, reduces the zeta potential, and reduces the viscosity of the water.

[0087] The static device described herein eliminates bacteria and microorganisms in water, thereby preventing the formation of biofilm in various piping systems, as well as improving the taste of the water. • Food processing industry

[0088] It has been unexpectedly discovered that water treated by the static apparatus of the present description can act as a disinfectant with the addition of a minimal amount of chlorine (below 5 ppm) for the storage of fresh produce. Since the treated water has been found to eliminate biofilm formation, sanitation and food production costs are lower and shelf life is shorter. Furthermore, since the lower surface tension of water increases the solvency of the treated water, water treated in a system incorporating the static apparatus of the present description greatly increases the yield of tea and coffee oils. Sanitation Applications

[0089] Static devices of the present description can be integrated with sanitation systems, such as swimming pools, energy washers, car washes, domestic washing machines, installations of Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, p. 55 / 94 29 / 53 Commercial laundries, domestic and commercial dishwashing facilities and similar. Water Treatment Applications

[0090] In embodiments, the static apparatus of the present description can be integrated with water treatment applications, such as water softeners, ion exchangers, all membrane and filter systems that utilize chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and the like. Medical Industry

[0091] The static apparatus of the present description can be integrated with medical systems and the systems are useful in increasing the turbulence of bodily fluids in humans and animals and are also useful in applications generally related to skin treatments through bathing, spas and daily use, improved calcium absorption, improved teeth and conditions, as well as medical, dental and industrial water lines.

[0092] Water processed in one pass through an apparatus of the present description without filtration exhibited the following results when used by human subjects:

[0093] Reduction of Crohn's disease symptoms by more than 50%, reduction of inflammation in the knee and muscle joints by more than 50%. Surprisingly, a reduction of more than 50% in neuropathy. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 56 / 94 30 / 53 severe and improvement in psoriasis was observed within 14 days after an individual drank water processed with a device of the present description. This indicates that there is a change in the crystallization of water with minerals and in the long term also reduces the deposition of arterial plaque. Softer, more moist skin and a reduction in eczema and psoriasis was witnessed 100% of the time by all who bathed and showered in the water.

[0094] In addition, there is documented evidence that tissue scarring is reduced and skin healing is accelerated. Domestic Water Filtration Systems

[0095] The static apparatus of the present description can be used in the common home and integrated with any filtration device known in the art as described above.

[0096] Devices incorporating the static apparatus of the present description, Systems and Methods of the present description

[0097] The methods, generators and systems of the present description may be used in conjunction with or adapted to existing devices and liquid distribution systems, such as water heating systems including, but not limited to, continuous water heaters, gas-fired hot water tank heaters, electric hot water tank heaters, systems Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 57 / 94 31 / 53 hot water recirculation for hot water tanks, continuous water heaters, district heating systems, underfloor heating systems, heat exchangers supplying hot water and / or steam, or in combination with heat transfer fluids such as natural or synthetic hot oils;Water cooling systems including, but not limited to, continuous water chillers, refrigerators, gas and electric evaporators, cooling pads, wet film evaporators, evaporative cooling systems, groundwater cooling systems, lake or river water cooling systems, heat exchange cooling systems for lakes, land, rivers or ocean waters, district cooling systems, recirculation cooling systems, floor cooling systems, cooling towers of all types and models, vacuum applications for industrial cooling in boilers, cooking ladles of sugar mills, paper mills, oil refineries, mining plants, power plants, including: coal, gas, oil, biomass and nuclear; potable water systems, including, but not limited to, wells, springs, ponds, lakes, rivers and the like;Food processing applications, such as coffee and tea; sanitation systems including, but not limited to, swimming pools, electric washing machines, car washes; Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 58 / 94 32 / 53 domestic washing machines, commercial laundry facilities, domestic dishwashers and commercial dishwashing facilities and the like; water softeners; ion exchangers; all membrane and filter systems using chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and the like; skin treatment systems through bathing, spas and daily use, improved calcium absorption, teeth and improved conditions; medical, dental and industrial water lines; and any domestic water filtration systems. Farms:

[0098] Animals, including dairy animals and poultry, that drink water treated with the static apparatus of the present description can produce feces with less ammonia (ammonia has been converted into organic nitrogen). The manure has been altered, stabilized, and has not produced methane or hydrogen sulfide. Water-based ink:

[0099] Paint manufactured with the static apparatus of the present description exhibits: faster drying times and had fewer volatile organic compounds, paint consumption due to better adhesion was reduced by 40 percent, the paint demonstrated mold resistance, the paint was brighter and smoother and drier. Beverage plants: Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, page 59 / 94 33 / 53

[00100] Liquids treated with systems containing the static apparatus of the present description can replace the need for CIP (clean in place) for more than 1 year in bottle cooling tunnels of beverage plants, spraying treated water onto conveyors also removing biofilm in a matter of days. Poultry processing facilities:

[00101] The use of water processed with systems having the static apparatus of the present description in scalders allowed the temperature to be reduced by 3 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit. The birds came out cleaner.

[00102] The use of processed water as described herein in the poultry cooler allowed the birds to reach a temperature 3 degrees cooler with the same amount of refrigeration. Chemical products

[00103] Chemicals processed through an apparatus of the present description are more effective in measurable oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), persistence, and measurable coagulation and disinfection.

[00104] Removal of heavy metals from protein powders: Water processed with the apparatus described herein separates heavy metals from proteins upon contact, such as iron, lead, manganese, arsenic, and... Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 60 / 94 34 / 53 the others. The reaction is substantially instantaneous and can be used in a clarifier or in a centrifugal separator.

[00105] The resulting dry protein material when added to the treated water methodology can be used for all dry beverage materials, including teas, coffees, fruit concentrates, medicines, pharmaceuticals, starches, sugars, chocolate mixes, all flavor mixes and all food products, including ground meats.

[00106] As such, another embodiment of the present description is a method for removing / separating heavy metals from a protein powder, the method comprising contacting the protein powder with a liquid such as water processed with a system of the present description, thereby removing / separating the heavy metals from the protein powder.

[00107] The method of removing / separating heavy metals from protein powder may also include prefabricating unground protein-containing material in a suitable liquid treated with a system containing an apparatus of the present description, such as water, drying the prefabricated material, grinding the protein-containing material, for example, grinding the material to between a mesh size of 70 and 100, and re-washing the ground protein-containing material in the treated liquid, thus separating the metals. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 61 / 94 35 / 53 heavy metals from the protein-containing landfill material. The method may also include spray-drying the wet protein-containing material, re-washing the dried protein-containing material and then washing the dried protein-containing material again to separate finer heavy metals, spray-drying the protein-containing material, or using an alternative drying method. The protein obtained through the method described here will be substantially free of heavy metals. The heavy metals thus separated can then be sold or used in other applications. Ultra-disinfection:

[00108] The treated water described herein can prevent the formation and / or dissolve biofilm with or without the addition of chemicals. Air disinfection and filtration:

[00109] The male urinal can be washed or flushed with water processed with an apparatus of the present description. The ammonia in the urine in the toilets can be converted by contact with the water processed in the men's urinals into organic nitrogen, thus eliminating the ammonia vapors.

[00110] In a building where running water is treated with a device of the present description, dust can be reduced, including blofilm on all surfaces such as glass, wood, tile, and metal. Static electricity is noticeably reduced in indoor environments. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 62 / 94 36 / 53 dusty and clean. Pet hair is observed by everyone to not be able to float in the air easily and dust always coagulates in all air filters in a uniform pattern. Alcohol production:

[00111] The fermentation time of wines can be reduced by more than 50% with the use of water treated with the static apparatus of the present description.

[00112] Less energy may be required for the production of ethanol and / or methanol. Ethanol production may require up to about 17% less energy.

[00113] When the treated water described herein is used to dilute alcohol, it alters the chemical characteristics of the alcohol, producing a smoother taste.

[00114] The treated liquid solution production system of the present description can be used to manufacture alcoholic beverages, including sake, vodka, whiskey, rum, rye, gin, brandy, cognac, tequila, mezcal, wine, beers and so on. Ice production:

[00115] A Vogt™ commercial ice machine made harder ice in a shorter period of time. The machine produced approximately 17 percent more ice.

[00116] Water heating: Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 63 / 94 37 / 53

[00117] Water heats up and dries with less energy and evaporates from surfaces up to about 30 percent faster.

[00118] Plant applications:

[00119] In steam or thermal power plants, improved efficiencies can be expected due to improved heat transfer, prevention of membrane blockage and greater lubrication of the treated water with the apparatus of the present description.

[00120] The condensation of steam turbines using cooling water can be closed in a loop using cooling towers and will also be greatly increased for efficiency.

[00121] Maritime transport:

[00122] The treated liquids described herein can reduce friction on a ship's hull with our water.

[00123] Cleaning devices:

[00124] The static apparatus of the present description can be used in: electric washing machines, car washes, clothing, carpet cleaning, steam cleaning, hot water cleaning.

[00125] Other applications include: hydrogen gas injection into vegetable oils to reduce catalysis and improve oil quality, use in bioreactors for methane production, removal of ferric chloride from wastewater due to the aerobic condition of the wastewater and a neutral pH of the wastewater (currently this was Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 64 / 94 38 / 53 demonstrated in manure pits and is being validated in a food manufacturing facility. It has also been validated in cooling tunnels with reused water.

[00126] The mixtures described herein may be used in the following products:

[00127] 1) In water and water-related goods, including: bottled water, carbonated water, cologne, drinking water, effervescent water, still water, flavored water, glacial water, iceberg water, mineral water, sparkling water, toilet water, vitamin water, waterbeds, water for spas, baths, jacuzzis and swimming pools, water for use in livestock and pet food, water for use in irrigating vegetables, plants, trees, crops, water for use in the manufacture of solvents, water for use in the manufacture of paints, water for use in protein purification and water for use in the manufacture of detergents.

[00128] 2) In dairy products, including milk, dairy products, evaporated milk, protein-enriched milk, cocoa milk drinks, fruit-containing dairy drinks, cheese, sour cream, milk powder, butter, cream, cheese spreads, soy-based cheese substitute, cream, cream, ice cream, ice cream makers, soy-based ice cream substitute.

[00129] 3) In alcoholic beverages, including alcoholic cocktails, coffee-based alcoholic beverages, Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 65 / 94 39 / 53 alcoholic coolers, fruit-based alcoholic drinks, alcoholic lemonade, malt-based alcoholic coolers, beers, tea-based alcoholic drinks, sake, vodka, whiskey, rum, rye, gin, brandy, cognac, tequila, mezcal, wine.

[00130] 4) In ice-related products, including ice, ice cube manufacturers, ice packs, industrial ice.

[00131] 5) In meats, including beef, pork, fish, poultry, frozen meat, smoked meat,

[00132] canned meat.

[00133] 6) In the dental industry, including treated toothpaste, mouthwash, dental floss, dental gel, dental rinses and denture cleaning preparations.

[00134] 7) In the pharmaceutical / cosmetic industry, including eye wash, water for use in the manufacture of cosmetics, water for use in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and medicines.

[00135] 8) Steam, including steam generators, water for use in steam production, steam for use in extracting oil from oil deposits, steam for use in steam-assisted gravity drainage services.

[00136] 9) Cleaning, including all-purpose cleaning preparations, carpet cleaning preparations, water Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 66 / 94 40 / 53 for steam sanitation and steam cleaning, sanitation water, water-based paints.

[00137] 10) Oils, including anti-rust oil, auxiliary fluids for use with abrasives for the oil well industry, baby oil, bath oil, vegetable, mineral and animal oils, catalysts for use in oil processing, chemical additives for oil well drilling fluid, cooking oil, drilling fluids for oil and gas wells, drilling mud for oil well drilling, edible oil, fuel oil, heating oil, high-pressure water jet system for the oil and gas industry, industrial oil, insulating oil for transformers, motor oil, motor oil additives, oil for use in candle making, oil for use in cosmetics making, oil for use in paint making, wood rubbing oil, petroleum jelly, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, fuel additives and fuel for domestic heating.

[00138] 11) Proteins, protein for use as a food additive, protein for use as a food filler, nutritional supplements, water-processed animal and vegetable protein.

[00139] The mixtures described herein may preserve flavorings and essences for food. The encapsulation of flavors, fragrances and the like may Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 67 / 94 41 / 53 used to improve or alter the appearance of food and beverages. Used as a preservative, it restores natural nutritional values ​​through the addition of vitamins, minerals, and proteins.

[00140] The mixtures described herein can be used to clean and eliminate pollutants found in edible bird nests, for example, removing feathers, fungi, nitrates, nitrites, and so on. The mixtures described herein can make bird nests easier to clean by manually removing such contaminants, while maintaining the original appearance of the nest and preserving its nutritional value and essence.

[00141] The apparatus of the present description can also be used in processes including wastewater treatment, water and sewage management, water treatment, food sanitation, carpet cleaning, building cleaning, diaper cleaning, dry cleaning, fur cleaning, jewelry cleaning, leather cleaning, carpet cleaning, window cleaning, swimming pool cleaning, automobile washing (cars, trucks, buses, bicycles, motorcycles and so on), train washing, ship washing, aircraft washing, oil and gas well treatment, oil refining, fuel treatment and steam-assisted gravity drainage.

[00142] The static spiral apparatus of the present description provides an elegant new solution to the problems Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 68 / 94 42 / 53 mentioned in the Background by severe water shear and through the inversion of the sequential mixing discs creates tremendous turbulence preventing dead zones and debris from accumulating within the mixing device itself.

[00143] 13) Waste management

[00144] In embodiments, the apparatus of the present description is used to facilitate the separation of waste oils from sludge and to collect waste oils and lubricating materials for recycling. A variety of oil-in-water emulsions can be treated with the apparatus of the present description to recover oil. Hydrocarbons and / or edible oils can be processed with the apparatus of the present description. Oils in emulsion and oil-contaminated materials include industrial lubricants, contaminated oils and waters, automotive / motor oils, lubricating oils, and hydraulic oils. In embodiments, the recovered oils meet government and environmental regulated discharge approval.

[00145] A pump can be used to distribute oil-in-water emulsion obtained from a waste tank to an apparatus of the present description in the singular or in series of two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen to thirty, and they can also be in parallel. The oil Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 69 / 94 43 / 53 processed oil is separated from the water and can be recycled or returned to a waste tank. In essence, processed oil is a water-in-oil emulsion.

[00146] The purpose of this configuration is to allow processing without recirculation in a continuous flow to keep the fluid in suspension until it reaches a final destination or is placed back in the tank, where it will separate according to specific gravity: sludge at the bottom, heavy oils, water, light oils at the top.

[00147] No other device may be necessary or may perform the separation function that is due to the intense shearing of the fluid by the Spiral Static Mixer.

[00148] Before pumping the oil-in-water emulsion, the emulsion can be heated to aid in processing.

[00149] In some embodiments, chemicals may be used to assist in separation, if necessary, depending on the oil-water emulsion.

[00150] All oil contains some water, so this applies to all oil streams, including refined oils, fuels, alcohols, ethanol, diesel, and Bunker C type fuels.

[00151] The process can also be used for desulfurization of oils and fuels. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 70 / 94 44 / 53

[00152] 14) Reducing viscosity, breaking oil-in-water emulsions and cracking oil There are many ways to reduce the viscosity of oils, including heavy oils such as bitumen in oily sands and oil-contaminated solutions. This may be necessary to allow the transport of bitumen from the well to a refinery or the recycling of oil in oil-contaminated solutions.

[00153] The apparatus of the present description is used, in embodiments, to reduce the viscosity of liquid materials containing oil, such as oil-in-water emulsions, by breaking the intermolecular bond between the oil in the liquid material and the other components in the liquid material. By breaking the bonds between the oil and other substances in the material, the liquid material becomes less viscous. Furthermore, due to cracking that can be experienced by the oils in the material, shorter hydrocarbon chains have a lower viscosity.

[00154] In embodiments, the present description refers to methods of breaking an oil-in-water emulsion. The method can be applied to any oil-in-water emulsions of any general type. An example of oil-in-water emulsions includes wastewater containing oil. The oil-in-water emulsion can also be part of a secondary oil recovery system. For example, oily wastewater from a plant can be broken using the method of the present description. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 71 / 94 45 / 53 Description for removing oil in oily residues from water. In order to break the emulsion and remove the oil from the water, the emulsion stored in a tank is distributed to an apparatus of this description, for example, using a pump, such as a

[00155] Positive displacement pump. If the emulsion is too dense, then, before delivery to the apparatus, a less dense emulsion derivative can be obtained. To obtain the oil-in-water emulsion derivative, the original oil-in-water emulsion can first be pyrolyzed (in an oxygen-free environment). The emanating vapors are quenched with water, resulting in an emulsifying fluid. The emulsifying fluid, also referred to as the emulsion derivative, is then delivered by a pump, such as a positive displacement pump, to an apparatus of the present description. The emulsion or the emulsion derivative, as the case may be, is then passed through, or treated with, an apparatus of the present description to obtain a processed material, whereby a separate aqueous phase and an oil-containing phase are produced (see FIG. 8).All or substantially all of the oil in the processed material separates from the water, and the oil can be removed from the water, allowing the clean water to be discharged and the oil to be recycled or disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner for oil-based materials. The processed material includes a separate and distinct oil phase and a... Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 72 / 94 46 / 53 aqueous phase. The oil phase in the processed material is composed of pure oil (i.e., approximately 100% oil) or is substantially composed of pure oil in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion.

[00156] As such, in one embodiment, the present description is a method for breaking an oil-in-water emulsion comprising passing the oil-in-water emulsion, or a derivative of the oil-in-water emulsion, through an apparatus of the present description to obtain a processed material whereby a separate and distinct aqueous phase and oil phase are produced. In embodiments, the method may further include the step of separating the oil phase of the processed material from the aqueous phase.

[00157] Cracking, or refining, is the overall reduction of hydrocarbon chain lengths, a process that breaks or cracks the heavier, higher-boiling-point fractions of petroleum into more valuable products such as gasoline, fuel oil, and gas oils. In embodiments, the apparatus of the present description is used to crack hydrocarbons contained in a source. The processed oil solutions or emulsions contain more hydrocarbons with shorter carbon chain species compared to untreated control oil solutions or emulsions before the start of the process, as well as losses of hydrocarbons with longer carbon chains compared to the sample of Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 73 / 94 47 / 53 control. The boiling point of the original untreated liquid source is higher than the boiling point of the treated liquid, thus demonstrating cracking of the untreated liquid source.

[00158] Most static mixer designs are intended to mix two or more fluids through division or homogenization. The device in this description is primarily designed as a molecular shear device. Its design gives it sufficient shear force to break both inter (weak molecular bonds) and intra (strong molecular bonds). The apparatus in this description has clearly demonstrated the ability to break both inter- and intra-molecular bonds with an oil-water emulsion. Regardless of the emulsion constituents, there is always a separation of inter- and intra-molecular bonds. This separation results in the consistent separation of the fluid into its components separated by specific gravity or into a filterable suspension.Furthermore, fluids can be processed to a desired separation by Specific Gravity Fluid Tank Separation or Gas Chromatography Analysis, given sufficient processing time and pressure. For example, a C-40 oil can be reduced to smaller chains by the time and pressure force of the processing fluid. This results in a change in... Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 74 / 94 48 / 53 viscosity and chemical composition of the mixture. This is far beyond what a traditional static mixer could ever imagine achieving.

[00159] The apparatus of the present description alters the existing paradigm of breaking oil emulsions using solvents and / or heat distillation extraction. This device does not require heat, ultrasound, or solvents to break inter- and intramolecular bonds and separate water from an oil emulsion. The apparatus of the present description is an ultra-low energy method for separating oil from water, so that the carbon footprint in the traditional petroleum industry can be drastically reduced. It can be referred to as Low Energy Refining. In separating emulsions, temperatures ranged from 15 degrees Celsius to 21 degrees Celsius, which were the ambient conditions. Less energy is required to pump the water-oil emulsion. In our tests, we demonstrated a 50% reduction in pumping energy due to the decrease in fluid viscosity.

[00160] Furthermore, in the treatment of water that is contaminated with hydrocarbons or fluorocarbons or even more difficult compounds such as perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS). Without this distinct separation of the oil-water emulsion, it is extremely difficult to filter or mechanically separate these complex chemicals. EXAMPLES Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 75 / 94 49 / 53

[00161] The examples are described for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the description. Example 1

[00162] In experiments to date, the new static device has been able to dissolve biofilms in plumbing systems, converting the flow from laminar to turbulent flow. The water remains turbulent even after filtration (even after 9 filters) and flows faster in water system tests to date. In filtration, there is a complete elimination of biofouling and a full utilization of the filter medium because the gases in the system have been converted into smaller gas structures that promote flow, flow velocity and increase pressure. Example 2

[00163] Bottled water and bottled water processed using the apparatus described herein were boiled in a Breville© electric pot. After boiling, the water was discarded. Mineral deposits can be seen at the bottom of the pot for unprocessed bottled water. No mineral deposits are seen at the bottom of the pot for processed bottled water.

[00164] The apparatus described herein prevents the formation of crystals by decreasing the Z potential, thereby eliminating crystallization. Example 3 Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 76 / 94 50 / 53

[00165] The petroleum refining industry generates considerable amounts of sludge and tank bottoms as waste. Crude oil storage tanks are an essential part of all major operations in the petroleum industry. The oil refinery receives crude oil containing emulsified water and solids. As crude oil storage tanks are repeatedly filled and emptied, the water and solids settle to the bottom as sludge. For tanks that have been in service for several years, the sludge buildup becomes several feet deep, resulting in a loss of sludge in the refinery's crude oil storage tanks. Refinery sludge waste is classified as hazardous waste.

[00166] Due to the solids content of crude oil, these tanks lose storage capacity over the years as they slowly fill with sedimented solids from the crude oil. These tanks therefore require regular cleaning in order to maintain their storage capacity. The tanks are emptied of crude oil, and the residual sediments and residues adhering to the tank walls are then removed with high-pressure water jets. The resulting product is characterized by containing a considerable amount of water (on the order of 30-60% by volume), an oily phase with fairly high viscosity, Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 77 / 94 51 / 53 typically shows the presence of an emulsified phase and a high solids content (on the order of 10-40% by volume).

[00167] The apparatus described herein can be used to maximize the recovery of residual oil from sludge and the bottom of the tank and to minimize the volume of hazardous waste. Methodology

[00168] The sludge from the lower tank is pyrolyzed (in an oxygen-free environment). The emanating vapors are quenched with water, resulting in an emulsifying fluid.

[00169] The emulsifying fluid (approximately 20,000 gallons) is delivered by a

[00170] Displacement pump for a 1.5 inch (approximately 3.81 cm) inlet and outlet fitting size and 2 inch (approximately 5.08 cm) diameter of the apparatus body of the present description (25-30 gpm). The processed oil is then returned to the emulsification tank, The processing:

[00171] The processing involves three things: (1) flow / pressure, (2) viscosity modification, and (3) fluid separation as a result of inter- and intramolecular bond changes in specific gravity weight fluids, as follows:

[00172] Top layer: light oils and carbon chains Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 78 / 94 52 / 53 (2) Second Layer: Water (3) Third layer: Heavier oil (4) Fourth layer: Heavier oils (5) Fifth Layer: Inorganics (Ash, Silt and others)

[00173] 5 grams of sludge did not burn under a hood. On the other hand, 5 grams of processed oil were burned under an exhaust fan for about 2 minutes. After burning, 3.4 grams remained, thus showing that at least 1.6 grams of the processed oil included volatiles.

[00174] The photographs in FIG. 8 illustrate the separation of oil from an aqueous phase. As can be seen, the apparatus described herein separates the oil from the water even from samples taken from the cone in the lower tank, which is the most viscous sludge in the tank.

[00175] Furthermore, the oil viscosity was reduced regardless of whether the carbon length was C40 or C20. The pump flow more than doubled at temperatures of 15 to 21 degrees Celsius. Example 4

[00176] An individual suffering from neuropathy and psoriasis had a device of the present description installed in his home so that all the running water in the house is treated by the device. The individual drank and bathed with water treated with a device of the present description for two weeks. After two weeks, the neuropathy and psoriasis of the individual Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pp. 79 / 94 53 / 53 individuals improved. The individual can now feel their toes (which were numb) and have control over their toes. From bathing in water, psoriasis decreased by more than 60% after two weeks of treatment.

[00177] The above description generally describes the present description. Changes in form and substitution of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or make it convenient. Although specific terms have been employed in this document, such terms are intended in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. Other variations and modifications of the description are possible. Such modifications or variations are believed to be within the scope and sphere of the description as defined by the appended claims. Petition 870220044936, dated 05 / 24 / 2022, pages 80 / 94

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. Reverse flow apparatus (100), characterized in that it comprises a chamber having a series of two or more sequential rings (160) mounted on a shaft (180) extending axially through the chamber, the rings (160) being separated by a space (170), each ring (160) comprising a circumference (163) and one or more S-shaped members (310) extending from a point on the circumference (163) to another point on the circumference (163) and through a center (169) of the ring (160), the two or more sequential rings (160) being mounted along the shaft (180) in a twisting arrangement such that at least one ring (160) in the apparatus has its S-shaped member (310) in a forward-facing position (310a) and at least one ring (160) in the apparatus has its member in an S shape (310) in a backward facing position (310b).

2. Reverse flow apparatus (100), according to claim 1, characterized in that the reverse flow apparatus (100) includes a housing (110) having an inlet portion (140) for receiving one or more fluids, a treatment portion (115) containing the chamber for treating one or more fluids and an outlet portion (150) for releasing the one or more treated fluids.

3. Reverse flow apparatus (100), according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the two or more rings (160) are made of a metal or a combination of metals.

4. Reverse flow apparatus (100), according to claim 3, characterized in that the two or more rings (160) are made of molybdenum (Mo)-containing stainless steel.

5. Reverse flow apparatus (100), according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the two or more rings (160) are made of a metallic alloy comprising 0.5% by weight or more of molybdenum, 1.0% by weight or more of molybdenum, 1.5% by weight or more of molybdenum or from 3.0% by weight to 4.0% by weight of molybdenum.

6. System (600) for treating fluid solutions or emulsions, characterized in that the system (600) includes a source of the fluid or emulsion solution and a reverse flow apparatus (100), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, the inlet portion (140) of the reverse flow apparatus (100) being operatively connected to the source.

7. System (600), according to claim 6, characterized in that the system (600) further comprises at least one of the filtration device (660), the UV sterilizer (650) and a potential crystal generator Z, wherein the reverse flow apparatus (100), the source and the Petition 870260077190, dated 03 / 08 / 2026, page 11 / 18 3 / 4 at least one of the filtration device (660), the UV sterilizer (650) and the potential crystal generator Z are in net communication with each other.

8. System (600), according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the system (600) comprises multiple reverse flow devices (100), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. Method for producing a mixed solution of fluids or of one or more fluids with one or more solids, the method characterized in that it comprises passing the fluids to be mixed or one or more fluids and one or more solids to be mixed through the reverse flow apparatus (100) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, thereby producing the mixed solution.

10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that one or more fluids include a gas.

11. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that one or more fluids are optionally passed, before or after the reverse flow apparatus (100), through at least one filtration system.

12. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the gas includes nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone, ethanol, methanol, hydrogen or combinations thereof.

13. Method for converting laminar flow into turbulent flow, the method characterized in that it comprises passing a fluid with laminar flow through the reverse flow apparatus (100), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

14. Processed fluid or emulsion, characterized in that it is processed with the reverse flow apparatus (100), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5. Petition 870260077190, dated 03 / 08 / 2026, page 13 / 18

Images