METHOD FOR ROTATING A SECTION OF A PIPE

Abstract

A method of rotating a section of a pipeline about a longitudinal axis arranged coaxially with a bore of the section. The section includes a plurality of pipe elements joined to one another end to end. The section has a first end connected to the pipeline by a first coupling permitting rotation of the section relatively to the pipeline. The section has a second end connected to the pipeline by a second coupling permitting rotation of the section relatively to the pipeline. The method includes supporting the section at a plurality of points and applying a first torque to the section about the longitudinal axis at least one point between the first and the second ends, thereby rotating the section through a first angular displacement about the longitudinal axis.

Description

51 METHOD FOR ROTATING A SECTION OF A PIPELINE CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[001] This request is based on and claims priority for the Request of Provisional Patent No. US 63 / 448,363, filed February 27, 2023, Provisional Patent Application No. US 63 / 448,364, filed February 27, 2023, Provisional Patent Application No. US 63 / 448,366, filed February 27, 2023, Provisional Patent Application No. US 63 / 600,392, filed November 17, 2023, and Provisional Patent Application No. US 63 / 600,400, filed November 17, 2023, which applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[002] This invention relates to mechanical couplings for joining pipe elements, and methods for pipe maintenance. FUNDAMENTALS

[003] Large diameter pipelines are complicated, expensive, and dangerous to assemble and lay in the field. In some industries, especially mining, the medium transported in the pipeline (such as slurries) can be abrasive and / or corrosive and cause accelerated wear on the internal portions of the pipe elements in contact with the medium. The lowest area of ​​the inner part of the pipe element typically exhibits the greatest wear, as abrasive particles stratify within the flow by gravity, with most of the abrasive particles in the fluid coming into contact with and eroding the lowest area more rapidly.

[004] The life of such pipes can be significantly increased by periodically rotating the pipe elements to position a different, less eroded portion of the inner part of the pipe element so that it becomes the lowest (at the bottom), while simultaneously rotating the worn portion to the side or top. Depending on the medium and Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, p. 10 / 152 / 51 of the wear rates, the tube elements can be rotated (called clock rotation) in intervals of 90, 120 or 180 degrees. Once a tube element has rotated a sufficient number of times so that all internal surfaces exhibit approximately the same wear, the tube element is replaced.

[005] Pipeline rotation is also a complicated, expensive, and dangerous task, especially for large-diameter pipelines, which often requires the same heavy equipment used to initially lay the pipeline. Since it is impractical to rotate each individual pipe element, it is common to rotate long sections of pipeline, which may comprise hundreds of feet of pipe elements and numerous joints (the joints remaining intact). A common method for rotating pipeline sections uses a series of specialized tracked vehicles called pipe layers, although lifting equipment such as cranes and other machinery known in the art may also be employed. Each pipe layer has a lifting crane boom that extends to the side of the tracked vehicle to lift pipe elements out of a section or off elevated supports.When the pipe elements of the pipeline are joined by bolted flanges, the flanges at opposite ends of the pipe section to be rotated are unbolted. Specialized slings, which allow rotation of the pipe elements around their longitudinal geometric axes, are tied around the pipe section at spaced intervals along its length. Multiple pipe setters are then brought in, connected to the slings, and used to lift the pipe elements. Additionally, one or more pipe setters will be brought in and connected to different slings that are arranged to be tightened around the pipeline. These slings are positioned eccentrically to the diameter of the pipe element so that the geometric axis of lifting... Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, p. 11 / 152 / 51 each sling pulls tangentially on the pipe element when the sling is lifted. When the pipe lifters lift the pipe elements, each eccentric sling rotates its pipe element and, consequently, the entire pipe section rotates. Only a limited amount of rotation can be created with each lift of the eccentric slings, so they do not need to be re-seated multiple times during a lift, and the rotation process is repeated while the lifting pipe lifters hold the pipe section in an elevated position until the desired amount of rotation is achieved.

[006] Once the pipe section has been rotated sufficiently, the eccentric slings are disengaged, and the lifting pipe seaters lower the pipe section back into place for reconnection of the pipe section's end flanges to the pipe. When flanged pipe elements are used, the rotation of the pipe section has to be carefully controlled to ensure that the bolt holes in the flanges at the ends of the section align with the pipe coupling flanges. Pipe element joints formed by mechanical couplings that engage grooved pipe elements (grooved joints) can be employed instead of flanged pipe elements to eliminate the need for rotational alignment of the pipe section with the pipe because grooved joints are agnostic to the rotational position of the pipe elements being joined.However, grooved joints have less rotational resistance around the longitudinal geometric axis of the pipe element than flanged joints. Pipe elements joined by grooved joints can slide and allow individual pipe elements to rotate relative to each other. Therefore, all pipe elements in the pipe section may not rotate by the same amount as the pipe elements rotated by the eccentric slings. The sliding of the pipe element relative to... Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 12 / 152 / 51. Coupling reduces the number of joints that can be included in pipe sections that are rotated together, causing smaller pipe sections to be rotated at the same time. Regardless of whether grooved or flanged joints are used, the need to disconnect pipe elements at the ends of each pipe section can allow fluid loss from the pipeline. This loss may not be economically practical or environmentally sound depending on the fluid in the pipeline.

[007] There is clearly an opportunity to improve large diameter pipe joints, as well as the lifting and rotation process of large diameter pipe sections, which does not present the disadvantages of processes according to the prior art. SUMMARY

[008] The description refers to a method for rotating a section of a pipe about a longitudinal geometric axis arranged coaxially with a hole in the section. In an exemplary embodiment, the section comprises a plurality of pipe elements joined together end-to-end. The section has a first end connected to the pipe by a first coupling that allows rotation of the section relative to the pipe. The section has a second end connected to the pipe by a second coupling that allows rotation of the section relative to the pipe. In an exemplary embodiment, the method comprises supporting the section at a plurality of points and applying a first torque to the section about the longitudinal geometric axis at least at one point between the first and second ends, thereby rotating the section by a first angular displacement about the longitudinal geometric axis.

[009] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises supporting the section between the first and second ends. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 13 / 152 / 51

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises supporting the section by supporting the piping near the first and second ends of the section.

[0011] For example, supporting the section includes raising the section.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises supporting the piping at points near the first and second ends of the section and between them.

[0013] By way of example, the first torque is applied at a plurality of points between the first and second ends of the section, thereby rotating the section by the first angular displacement around the longitudinal geometric axis.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises applying a second torque at at least one point between the first and second ends of the section, thereby rotating the section by a second angular displacement about the longitudinal geometric axis. By way of example, the second angular displacement is equal to the first angular displacement.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises applying a second torque at a plurality of points between the first and second ends of the section, thereby rotating the section by a second angular displacement about the longitudinal geometric axis. By way of example, the second angular displacement is equal to the first angular displacement.

[0016] As an example, applying the first torque involves pulling a sling at at least one point. The sling has a line of action displaced from the longitudinal geometric axis in a direction transverse to it.

[0017] As an example, supporting the section includes pulling a Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, p. 14 / 152 / 51 plurality of slings. Each sling is positioned at a respective point of the plurality of points. Each sling has a line of action aligned with the longitudinal geometric axis.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the first torque is applied at a plurality of points between the first and second ends of the section, thereby rotating the section through the first angular displacement around the longitudinal geometric axis. The lifting of the section comprises pulling a plurality of slings. Each sling is positioned at a respective point of the plurality of points. Each sling has a line of action aligned with the longitudinal geometric axis.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, applying the first torque comprises connecting a sling to a torsion-resistant coupling, wherein the sling has a line of action offset from the longitudinal geometric axis, and applying tension to the sling thereby applying a torque about the longitudinal geometric axis causing the torsion-resistant coupling to rotate. By way of example, the sling is connected to the torsion-resistant coupling by means of a shackle connected to a rotation opening in the torsion-resistant coupling. The rotation opening is offset from the longitudinal geometric axis. By way of example, the torsion-resistant coupling is connected to at least one pipe element.

[0020] In another exemplary embodiment, applying the first torque comprises fitting a wrench into the section at at least one point, wherein the wrench has a jaw that receives the section and an arm that extends from the jaw in a direction transverse to the longitudinal geometric axis, and applying a force to the arm at a distal point of the section.

[0021] As an example, the section is rotated while the first and second ends of the section are coupled to the pipe. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 15 / 152 / 51 adjacent to the section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is an isometric view of an exemplary coupling according to the invention, the coupling shown joining pipe elements; Figure 1A is a cross-sectional view of the coupling shown in Figure 1; Figure 2 is an isometric view of an exemplary coupling according to the invention; Figure 3 is a side view of the coupling shown in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a front view of the coupling shown in Figure 2; Figure 4A is a front view of the coupling shown in Figure 2; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along the cutting line 5-5 in Figure 4; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view along the section line 6-6 in Figure 4; Figure 7 is an isometric view of a first exemplary ring; Figure 8 is an isometric view of a second, exemplary ring; Figure 9 is a side view of the first exemplary ring shown in Figure 7; Figure 10 is a side view of the second exemplary ring shown in Figure 8; Figure 11 is a front view of the first exemplary ring shown in Figure 7; Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 16 / 152 / 51 Figure 12 is a front view of the second exemplary ring shown in Figure 8; Figure 13 is an isometric view of a first exemplary segment; Figure 14 is an isometric view of a second exemplary segment; Figure 15 is a front view of the first exemplary segment shown in Figure 13; Figure 16 is a front view of the second exemplary segment shown in Figure 14; Figure 17 is a side view of the first exemplary segment shown in Figure 13; Figure 18 is a side view of the second exemplary segment shown in Figure 14; Figure 19 shows an example method of assembling the coupling according to the invention; Figure 20 shows an example method of assembling the coupling according to the invention; Figure 21 shows an example method of assembling the coupling according to the invention; Figure 22 shows an example method of assembling the coupling according to the invention; Figure 23 shows an example method of assembling the coupling according to the invention; Figure 24 shows an example method of assembling the coupling according to the invention; Figure 25 is an isometric view of an exemplary coupling according to the invention joining pipe elements; Figure 26 is a plan view of the coupling shown in Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 17 / 152 / 51 figure 25; Figure 26A is a cross-sectional view of a segment comprising the coupling shown in Figure 26; Figure 26B is a plan view of a segment comprising the coupling shown in Figure 26; Figure 27 is an exploded isometric view of segments comprising the coupling shown in Figure 25; Figure 28 is an isometric view of one of the coupling components shown in Figure 25; Figure 29 is an isometric view of one of the coupling components shown in Figure 25; Figure 30 is a longitudinal sectional view of the coupling and pipe elements shown in Figure 25; Figure 31 is an isometric view of an exemplary coupling allowing rotation of pipe elements around their longitudinal geometric axes; Figure 32 is a longitudinal sectional view of the pipe coupling shown in Figure 31; Figure 33 is an isometric view of an exemplary pipeline comprising pipe elements connected to each other using the coupling shown in Figure 31; Figure 34 is an isometric sectional view of a portion of the coupling shown in Figure 31 connected to a pipe element; Figure 35 shows an isometric view of an exemplary coupling according to the invention connected to the pipe elements; Figure 35A shows an isometric view of an exemplary coupling according to the invention connected to the pipe elements; Figure 36 shows an isometric view of a first exemplary type of non-rotating coupling connecting two elements of Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 18 / 152 / 51 tube; Figure 36A shows an isometric view of a second exemplary type of non-rotating coupling connecting two pipe elements; Figure 37 is an isometric view of an exemplary coupling according to the invention having a locking feature; Figure 38 is an isometric view of an exemplary coupling according to the invention having a locking feature; Figure 38A is an isometric view of an exemplary coupling according to the invention having a locking feature; Figure 39 is a schematic plan view of a pipe having a section to be rotated according to an example method of the invention; Figure 40 is an axial view of a point in the piping where a section is supported by a pipe seater; Figure 41 is an axial view of a point on the pipe where torque is applied to a section by a pipe fitter using a sling; Figure 42 is an axial view of a point in the piping where torque is applied to a section by a pipe sitter using a sling connected to a torsion-resistant coupling; and Figure 42A is an axial view of a point in the piping where torque is applied to a section by a pipe sitter using a wrench. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Described in this document with reference to Figures 130 are torsion-resistant or anti-rotational couplings. Advantageously, these couplings can join pipe elements of various sizes, including large-diameter pipe elements, while still preventing rotation of the pipe elements relative to each other along an axis. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 19 / 152 / 51 longitudinal geometric shape that extends along the length of the pipe elements. Advantageously, couplings can be designed to reduce rotational slippage at pipe joints between pipe elements and couplings.

[0024] With reference to Figures 31-38A, rotary couplings are also described. Rotary couplings can join pipe elements of various sizes, including large-diameter pipe elements, while still allowing the pipe elements to rotate relative to each other along a longitudinal geometric axis that extends the length of the pipe elements. Rotary couplings may include locking features to selectively prevent the pipe elements joined by the rotary couplings from rotating relative to each other.

[0025] The torsion-resistant couplings and rotary couplings described in this document can be used together to join piping and form pipe sections. For example, a pipe section may include a rotary coupling at either end of the section where rotary couplings can be configured to join the pipe section to adjacent pipe sections. The torsion-resistant couplings can join the pipe elements to each other between the rotary couplings. Additionally, the torsion-resistant couplings can join the pipe elements within the pipe section to the rotary couplings. The pipe section, joined by the torsion-resistant couplings and rotary couplings, can be rotated relative to adjacently joined pipe sections without being disconnected from the adjacently joined pipe sections.

[0026] Methods of rotating a pipe section are also described in this document with reference to Figures 39-42A. The pipe section may include pipe elements coupled together by means of Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 20 / 152 / 51 torsion-resistant couplings described in this document where each end of the pipe section is coupled to a rotational coupling described in this document. The methods can provide efficient ways to rotate the pipe section to extend the life of the pipe section without decoupling or disconnecting the rotating pipe section from adjacently joined pipe sections. Torsion-resistant couplings

[0027] This document describes exemplary torsion-resistant couplings configured to join pipe elements and prevent the pipe elements from rotating relative to each other. The couplings comprise two rings, each attachable to a pipe element to be joined by segments. The segments are secured by means of adjustable fasteners around the rings and pipe elements. The segments comprise action surfaces configured to engage receiving surfaces of the rings. The action and receiving surfaces are designed so that the engagement between the surfaces prevents rotation between the rings and coupled pipe elements. Optionally, the receiving surfaces extend along chords of the respective rings.

[0028] Figure 1 shows an exemplary coupling 10 for joining first and second tube elements 12 and 14 while also preventing relative rotation of the tube elements 12, 14 around a coaxial longitudinal geometric axis 16. As shown in Figure 1, the coupling 10 comprises a first ring 18 attachable to one end of the first tube element 12 and a second ring 20 attachable to one end of the second tube element 14. The attachment of the rings 18 and 20 to the respective tube elements 12 and 14 can be done by welding, but other means of attachment are also feasible. As shown in Figures 1A and 2, the coupling 10 surrounds a central space 40. As shown in Figure 1A, the ends of the tube elements 12, 14 can abut each other. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 21 / 152 / 51 another within the central space 40. During rotation of tube elements 12, 14, end-to-end contact of tube elements 12, 14 can provide torsional frictional resistance. Torsional frictional resistance can prevent or limit rotational slippage between tube elements 12, 14. Additionally, end-to-end contact of tube elements 12, 14 can provide a smooth internal transition between tube elements 12, 14 thereby minimizing turbulence and leading edge wear.

[0029] As shown in Figures 7 and 9, the first ring 18 defines a first groove 22 that extends circumferentially around the ring 18. As shown in Figure 11, the first ring 18 also defines one or more notches, in this example, four notches 24, 25, 26 and 27, adjacent to the first groove 22. The notches 24, 25, 26, 27 may be arranged spaced 90° from each other around the first ring 18. Each notch 24, 25, 26, 27 may comprise first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29 that extend inward toward said central space 40 and a third receiving surface 37 that extends transversely between the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29. Optionally, the third receiving surface 37 may extend perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) to the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29.Optionally, the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29 may extend along the respective chords of the first ring 18 where the chord extends through the central space 40. Optionally, the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29 may taper inward toward each other approaching the third receiving surface 37.

[0030] In this exemplary embodiment, the second ring 20 is identical to the first ring 18, and, as shown in Figures 8 and 10, defines a second groove 30 that extends circumferentially around the second Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 22 / 152 / 51 ring. As with the first ring 18, the second ring 20 defines one or more notches 32, 33, 34 and 35 adjacent to the second groove 30 (see Figure 12) which may be arranged spaced 90° apart from each other around the second ring 20. The notches 32, 33, 34, 35 again comprise first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29 which extend inward toward said central space 40 and a third receiving surface 37 which extends transversely between the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29. Optionally, the third receiving surface 37 may extend perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) to the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29.Optionally, the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29 may extend along the respective chords of the second ring 20, wherein the chord extends through the central space 40. Optionally, the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29 may taper inward toward each other approaching the third receiving surface 37. The rings 18 and 20 are not limited to four notches, as both more and fewer notches, arranged in pairs at angular intervals around the rings, are feasible. Optionally, the rings 18, 20 may include flat portions 21 to provide a flat datum for consistent placement of a level during assembly on the tube elements 12, 14. In this example, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the flat portions 21 may be positioned immediately adjacent to the notches 32, 33, 34, 35.

[0031] As shown in Figures 1-6, the coupling 10 also comprises first and second segments 36 and 38, which are fastenable end-to-end to encircle the central space 40. As shown in Figure 13, the first segment 36 comprises first and second keys 42 and 44 which, in this example, take the form of arched projections that extend longitudinally along the first segment and project towards Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 23 / 152 / 51 to the central space 40. The first and second keys 42 and 44 are spaced in relation and, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, spaced in such a way as to engage the first and second grooves 22 and 30 defined in the first and second rings 18 and 20 when the rings are positioned within the central space 40.

[0032] The second segment 38 may be identical to the first segment 36, as in the exemplary coupling embodiment 10 shown in Figure 1, and, as shown in Figures 3 and 6, comprises first and second keys 46, 48 that extend longitudinally along the second segment 38 and project towards the central space 40. The first and second keys 46 and 48 in the second segment 38 are spaced in relation, and, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, spaced so as to engage the first and second grooves 22 and 30 defined in the first and second rings 18 and 20 when the rings are positioned within the central space 40.

[0033] As shown in Figures 13, 15, and 17, the first segment comprises first and second projections 60, 62 that extend transversely to the first and second keys 42, 44. Optionally, the first and second projections 60, 62 extend perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) to the first and second keys 42, 44. As shown in Figures 2 and 5, the first and second projections 60, 62 are positioned so as to engage the first notches 24, 32 defined in the first and second rings 18 and 20 when the rings are positioned within the central space 40. As shown in Figures 14, 16, and 18, the second segment 38 comprises first and second projections 64, 66 that extend transversely to the first and second keys 46, 48.Optionally, the first and second projections 64, 66 extend perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) to the first and second keys 46, 48. As shown. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page. 24 / 152 / 51 in Figure 5, the first and second projections 64, 66 of the second segment 38 are positioned so as to engage the second notches 25, 33 defined in the first and second rings 18 and 20 when the rings are positioned within the central space 40. As shown in Figures 13-18, each of the projections 60, 62, 64, 66 may comprise first and second action surfaces 72, 74 extending outward from the respective first and second keys 42, 44, 46, 48 and a third action surface 76 extending transversely between the first and second action surfaces 72, 74. Optionally, the third action surface 76 may extend perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) between the first and second action surfaces 72, 74.As shown in Figures 2, 4, and 5, the first and second action surfaces 72, 74 can be configured to engage the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29, respectively. It is advantageous that the first and second action surfaces 72, 74 be oriented to match the orientation of the first and second receiving surfaces 28, 29, respectively, to optimize the contact and engagement between the action surfaces 72, 74 and the receiving surfaces 28, 29. Optionally, the third action surface 76 can be configured to engage the third receiving surface 37. The engagement between the first and second action surfaces 72, 74 and the first and second receiving surfaces 28 and 29, respectively, prevents the rotation of the first and second pipe elements 12 and 14 relative to each other around the longitudinal geometric axis 16.The engagement between the first and second action surfaces 72, 74 and the first and second receiving surfaces 28 and 29 can transmit torque through the tube elements 12, 14 with reduced relative slippage.

[0034] Each notch 24, 25, 26, 27 in the first ring 18 can be configured to receive the first projection 60 of the first segment 36 and the Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 25 / 152 / 51 first projection 64 of the second segment 38, and each notch 32, 33, 34, 35 in the second ring 20 can be configured to receive the second projection 62 of the first segment 36 and the second projection 66 of the second segment 38. The use of a plurality of paired notches in each ring 18 and 20 allows effective mechanical engagement between segments 36 and 38 and rings 18, 20 and also allows the tube elements 12, 14 to which rings 18, 20 are attached to be rotated or turned at angular intervals around the longitudinal geometric axis of the tube element 16 relative to segments 36 and 38 as defined by the number of paired notches. In this example, the tube elements can be rotated in 90° intervals consistent with the 90° angular separation between the paired notches.The ability to rotate the tube elements allows the tube elements to be rotated to more evenly distribute abrasive wear on their inner surfaces (thereby increasing the service life of the tube elements) while still maintaining the orientation of the coupling segments 36 and 38. This can also be advantageous if the couplings 10 are disconnected at the end of the portion to be rotated, as it allows convenient access to the fasteners connecting the segments after repeated rotation of the tube elements, which may not be possible if the segments are rotated with the tube elements when rotated.

[0035] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first segment 36 comprises first and second fastening members 50 and 52 positioned at opposite ends thereof. The second segment 38 also comprises first and second fastening members 54 and 56, positioned at opposite ends thereof. The first fastening member 50 in the first segment 36 is engageable with the first fastening member 54 in the second segment 38. Similarly, the second fastening member 52 in the first segment 36 is engageable with the second fastening member 56 in the second segment 38. The fastening members secure the first and second Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 26 / 152 / 51 segments 36 and 38 to each other.

[0036] In the exemplary version, each fixing member 50, 52, 54, 56 comprise an eyelet 80 (see Figures 13 and 14) defining first and second holes 82 and 84 in a spaced relation. Each hole is adapted to receive an adjustable fastener 61 to secure the first fastening member 50 in the first segment 36 to the first fastening member 54 in the second segment 38, and to secure the second fastening member 52 in the first segment 36 to the second fastening member 56 in the second segment 38. As shown in Figures 2 and 4, at least one adjustable fastener 61 can extend through the first fastening members 50, 54 of the first and second segments 36, 38, and at least one adjustable fastener 61 can extend through the second fastening members 52, 56 of the first and second segments 36, 38. The tightening of the adjustable fasteners 61 can join the segments 36, 38 around the tube elements 12, 14 as shown in Figures 1 and 1A.As shown in Figure 2, when tightening the adjustable fasteners 61, a space may remain between the retaining surfaces 53 of the first segment 36 and the retaining surfaces 53 of the second segment 38. As shown in Figure 1A, tightening the adjustable fasteners 61 engages the first keys 42, 46 of the first and second segments 36, 38 to the first groove 22 and the second keys 44, 48 of the first and second segments 36, 38 to the second groove 30.

[0037] Optionally, in an exemplary embodiment, the engagement of the first keys 42, 46 to the first groove 22 and of the second keys 44, 48 to the second groove may provide a wedge effect at the end of the tube elements 12, 14 to drive the ends of the tube elements 12, 14 towards each other. Advantageously, the wedge effect may compressively preload the tube ends, thereby creating a rigid coupling 10 without gaps between the rings 18, 20 and the Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 27 / 152 / 51 segments 36, 38 and tightening the abutment ends of the tube elements 12, 14. The compressively preloaded tube-to-tube interfaces may remain closed, i.e., zero gap between the tube elements 12, 14, under the influence of axial pressure forces. Optionally, the interface may remain closed under an axial pressure force of up to at least 5.2 MPa (750 psi) and / or other loads. The coupling 10 according to the description may comprise structural components that prevent rotation of the tube elements relative to each other, create a wedge effect at the end of the tube elements, or both.

[0038] As shown in Figure 4, the first and second fastening members 50, 52 of the first segment 36 can be positioned on segment 36 at a distance L1 from the peak of the first segment 36. The first and second fastening members 54, 56 of the second segment 38 can be positioned on segment 38 at a distance L2 from the peak of the second segment 38. As shown in Figure 4, the respective holes 82, 84 in the eyelets 80 of the first and second segments 36, 38 are arranged coaxially with each adjustable fastener 61 that extends along a first geometric axis 85. The first geometric axis 85 is positioned at a distance L3 from a first plane 102. The first plane 102 includes the longitudinal geometric axis 16 and extends perpendicularly to a second plane 103 that includes the longitudinal geometric axis and that extends perpendicularly to the first geometric axes 85.The distances L1 and L2 can each be between 20.3 centimeters (8 inches) and 50.8 centimeters (20 inches) depending on the coupling diameter. It is advantageous to minimize L1 and L2 to reduce L3, thereby reducing bending in the fastening members 50, 52, 54, 56 and the adjustable fasteners 61. Optionally, with reference to Figures 4A and 6, to reduce bending in the fastening members 50, 52, 54, 56 and fasteners 61, at least a portion of each first geometric axis 85 can be positioned at a distance. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 28 / 152 / 51 distance less than or equal to the diameter of fastener 61 from a point on a circumference of a circle 110 defined by a centroid 106 of the first segment 36 and a centroid 108 of the second segment 38. As shown in Figure 6, the centroid 106 of the first segment 36 and the centroid 108 of the second segment 38 are area centroids of the exposed surfaces of segments 36, 38 resulting from the cutting plane line 6-6 shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 4A. The cutting plane line 6-6 extends through the longitudinal geometric axis 16. The cutting plane line 6-6 can extend through the longitudinal geometric axis 16, through the first segment 36 between the first and second projections 60, 62 and the first fastening member 50, and through the second segment 38 between the first and second projections 64, 66 and the second fastening member 56.The cutting plane line 6-6 may extend through the longitudinal geometric axis 16, through the first segment 36 between the first and second fastening members 50, 52, and through the second segment 38 between the first and second fastening members 54, 56 in a location that provides the minimum area of ​​the exposed surfaces of the segments 36, 38. An angle 105 between the first plane 102 and the cutting plane line 6-6 may vary from 5 to 80 degrees. Optionally, to reduce bending in the fastening members 50, 52, 54, 56 and the fasteners 61, at least a portion of each first geometric axis 85 may be positioned at a distance less than or equal to the diameter of the respective hole 82, 84 from a point on the circumference of the circle 110 defined by the centroid 106 of the first segment 36 and the centroid 108 of the second segment 38.Optionally, to reduce bending in fastening members 50, 52, 54, 56 and fasteners 61, a distance between a point on each first geometric axis 85 and the longitudinal geometric axis 16 is less than or equal to a radius plus the diameter of the respective hole 82, 84, where the radius is equal to the radius of the circle 110 defined by the centroid 106 of the first segment 36 and the centroid 108 of the second segment 38. Optionally, to reduce the... Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page. 29 / 152 / 51 bending in fastening members 50, 52, 54, 56 and fasteners 61, a distance between a point on each first geometric axis 85 and the longitudinal geometric axis 16 is a distance less than or equal to a radius plus the diameter of the fastener 61, wherein the radius is equal to the radius of the circle 110 defined by the centroid 106 of the first segment 36 and the centroid 108 of the second segment 38. Optionally, to reduce bending in fastening members 50, 52, 54, 56 and fasteners 61, each first geometric axis 85 is at a first distance from an inner edge of the respective eyelet 80 nearest to the central space 40 and a second distance from an outer edge of the respective eyelet 80 furthest from the central space 40. The ratio of the first distance to the second distance may be 0.333 to 0.5.

[0039] As shown in Figures 15 and 16, each segment 36, 38 can comprise a paired surface 53 at either end. By tightening the adjustable fasteners 61, at least a portion of the retaining surfaces 53 of the first segment 36 may abut at least a portion of the retaining surfaces 53 of the second segment 38. Alternatively, by tightening the adjustable fasteners 61, there may be gaps between the retaining surfaces 53 of the first segment 36 and the retaining surfaces 53 of the second segment 38. As shown in Figures 15 and 16, each paired surface 53 may comprise a recessed portion 55. As shown in Figure 4, when segments 36, 38 are joined, the respective recessed portions 55 of the retaining surfaces 53 may define a slot 57 adapted to receive a tool, such as a crowbar or flange spreader, which may be used to forcibly open the coupling 10 if necessary.Optionally, a tool such as a gauge can be used to measure the 57 gap to verify correct installation.

[0040] As shown in Figures 15 and 16, each segment 36, 38 Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 30 / 152 / 51 may comprise a plurality of openings 94a-c that can be used to mount the coupling 10 as described in this document. In this example, shown in Figures 15 and 16, the openings 94a-c may extend through one or more reinforcements 96 connected to segments 36, 38. The openings 94a-c may be located at different positions around the circumference of segments 36, 38 to provide attachment points for the equipment to lift the coupling 10 and rotate pipe sections. Standard lifting openings 94a may be located where they are advantageous for lifting a segment 36, 38 in an orientation that allows the fasteners 61 to be vertically inserted into holes 82, 84.Rotation openings 94b may be located in a relatively thicker section of segment 36, 38 and may have a larger diameter than lifting openings 94a so that they can be used to rotate pipe segments when the coupling 10 is fully installed. Shell openings 94c may be advantageously located between the detaining surfaces 53 and the fastening members 50, 52, 54, 56 in order to assist in the installation of the coupling 10 using slings and to allow fasteners 61 to be horizontally inserted into holes 82, 84. Shell openings 94c may be positioned so that fasteners 61 can be easily inserted into holes 82, 84 while secured to lifting equipment and without interference from lifting equipment such as shackles and / or sling(s).

[0041] As shown in Figure 13, the first segment 36 defines a first channel 88 positioned between the first and second keys 42 and 44 in the first segment. The channel 88 extends longitudinally along the first segment 36. As shown in Figure 14, the second segment 38 defines a second channel 90 positioned between the first and second keys 46, 48 in the second segment 38. The second channel 90 extends longitudinally along the second segment 38. As shown in Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 31 / 152 / 51 Figure 6, a seal 92 is received within the first and second channels 88 and 90. The seal 92 is engageable with the first and second rings 18 and 20 to produce a fluid-tight joint between the tube elements 12 and 14.

[0042] Figures 19-24 show an exemplary method of assembling the coupling 10 described in this document. The method of assembling the coupling 10 described in this document may also be called the shell clamping or the shell method. As shown in Figure 19, the method comprises positioning the first ring 18 and the second ring 20 (the first ring 18 shown) facing end to end. The method may further comprise placing the seal 92 around the first and second rings 18, 20 so that the seal 92 overlaps a joint formed between the first and second rings 18, 20 facing end to end (shown in Figures 5 and 6). As shown in Figure 19, the method comprises raising the first and second segments 36, 38 positioned end to end surrounding the central space 40 near the first fastening member 50 of the first segment 36 and the first fastening member 54 of the second segment 38.Optionally, the first and second segments 36, 38 can be lifted at a location between the first fastening member 50 of the first segment 36 and the paired surface 53 of the first segment 36, and between the first fastening member 54 of the second segment 38 and the detention surface 53 of the second segment 38. The first and second segments 36, 38 can be lifted at points between the first fastening member 50 of the first segment 36 and the first fastening member 54 of the second segment 38. Optionally, the first and second segments 36, 38 can be lifted by means of a sling 100 attached to shackles connected to the first and second segments 36, 38 by means of shell openings 94c. The sling 100 can be connected to lifting equipment such as a crane. As shown in Figure 19, the location of the shell openings 94c can... Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 32 / 152 / 51 advantageously cause opposite ends of the first and second segments 36, 38 closest to the second fastening members 52, 56 to be suspended closer to each other than the ends closest to the elevation location. Optionally, as shown in Figure 19, the ends of the first and second segments 36, 38 closest to the second fastening members 52, 56 may come into contact with each other.

[0043] As shown in Figures 20 and 21, the method comprises separating the first and second segments 36, 38 from each other and lowering the first and second segments 36, 38 onto the first and second rings 18, 20 until the first and second rings 18, 20 are positioned within the central space 40. As shown in Figure 21, once the first and second segments 36, 38 have been completely lowered onto the rings 18, 20 and the rings 18, 20 are positioned within the central space 40, the opposite ends of the first and second segments 36, 38 adjacent to the second fastening members 52, 56 can return to their adjacent positions or can substantially return to their adjacent positions thereby allowing easy insertion of fasteners 61.Because of the location of the elevation points, more specifically, the location of the shell openings 94c, the opposite ends can return to a relatively closer position without manually forcing segments 36, 38 against each other to insert fasteners 61.

[0044] As shown in Figure 22, the method comprises fixing the second fixing member 52 of the first segment 36 and the second fixing member 56 of the second segment 38 by means of fasteners 61. The method comprises fixing the first fixing member 50 of the first segment 36 and the first fixing member 54 of the second segment 38 by means of fasteners 61. Optionally, after the second members of Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 33 / 152 / 51 fixing 52, 56 being fixed, the sling 100 can be raised again, forcing the ends near the lifting points to come closer together to allow the fasteners 61 to be easily installed to secure the first fastening members 50, 54. After the fasteners 61 are installed, the sling 100 can be removed.

[0045] As shown in Figures 23 and 24, the method comprises rotating the first and second fixed segments 36, 38 around the first and second rings 18, 20 until the first and second projections 60, 62 of the first segment 36 respectively align with the first notch 24 in the first ring 18 and the first notch 32 in the second ring 20. The method may comprise rotating the first and second fixed segments 36, 38 around the first and second rings 18, 20 until the first and second projections 64, 66 of the second segment 38 respectively align with the second notch 25 in the first ring 18 and the second notch 33 in the second ring 20. The partially assembled coupling 10 can be rotated around the rings 18, 20 to advantageously orient the fasteners 61 vertically. In this position, the fasteners 61 can be fully tightened more easily.During rotation, the third action surfaces 76 can slide on an outer surface 19 of the rings 18, 20. The outer surface 19 of the rings 18, 20 extending between the notches can provide a pilot surface for the third action surface 76 of the projections to run on to stabilize and guide the segments 36, 38 and provide space between the segments and the seal 92 as the segments 36, 38 are rotated relative to the rings 18, 20 and the tube elements. The outer surface 19 can have a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the seal 92, thereby creating gaps or space between the channels 88, 90 and the seal 92. The gaps or space between the channels 88, 90 and the seal 92 can prevent the rotation of the segments 36, 38 from damaging or moving the seal 92. Additionally, the gaps or space can reduce friction. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 34 / 152 / 51 between seal 92 and segments 36, 38 to allow segments 36, 38 to rotate around rings 18, 20 more easily.

[0046] As shown in Figure 4, since the projections 60, 62, With 64 and 66 in position, the method may involve tightening the fasteners 61 until the first and second projections 60 and 62 of the first segment 36 respectively engage the first notch 24 in the first ring 18 and the first notch 32 in the second ring 20. When tightening the fasteners 61, the first and second projections 64 and 66 of the second segment 38 respectively engage the second notch 25 in the first ring 18 and the second notch 33 in the second ring 20. Tightening the fasteners 61 may also engage the keys 42, 44, 46, and 48 of segments 36 and 38 with the grooves 22 and 30 of rings 18 and 20. When tightening the fasteners 61, the first channel 88 and the second channel 90 may receive the seal 92. When tightening the fasteners 61, the first channel 88 and the second channel 90 are pulled into pointing towards rings 18, 20 and seal 92 positioned around rings 18, 20.As channels 88 and 90 are pulled toward rings 18 and 20 and seal 92, seal 92 can be seated within channels 88 and 90.

[0047] Figures 25 and 26 show an example coupling. 210 to join the first and second tube elements 212 and 214 while also preventing the relative rotation of the tube elements around a coaxial longitudinal geometric axis 216. As shown in Figure 25, the coupling 210 comprises a first ring 218 attachable to one end of the first tube element 212 and a second ring 220 attachable to one end of the second tube element 214. The attachment of the rings 218 and 220 to the respective tube elements 212 and 214 can be done by welding, but other means of attachment are also feasible. As shown in Figures 28 and 30, the first ring 218 defines a first groove 222 that extends circumferentially around the ring. As shown in Figure 28, the first ring 218 also defines one or more receiving surfaces, Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page. 35 / 152 / 51 In this example, four receiving surfaces 224, 225, 226, and 227. Each receiving surface 224, 225, 226, and 227 extends over a respective portion of the first ring 218 adjacent to the first groove 222. In this exemplary embodiment, the receiving surfaces 224, 225, 226, and 227 comprise planar surfaces 228, each planar surface extending along a chord of the ring 218. The receiving surfaces are arranged spaced 90° from each other around the first ring 218. In this exemplary embodiment, the second ring 220 is identical to the first ring 218, and, as shown in Figures 29 and 30, defines a second groove 230 that extends circumferentially around the second ring.As with ring 218, four receiving surfaces 232, 233, 234 and 235 extend into the respective portions of the second ring 220 (see Figure 28), the receiving surfaces again comprising planar surfaces 228 each of which extends along a chord of ring 220 and are arranged spaced 90° from each other around the second ring 220. Rings 218 and 220 are not limited to four receiving surfaces, as both more and fewer surfaces, arranged in pairs at angular intervals around the rings, are feasible.

[0048] As shown in Figures 25 and 26, the coupling 210 also comprises first and second segments 236 and 238 fixable end-to-end to enclose a central space 240. As shown in Figures 27 and 30, the first segment 236 comprises first and second keys 242 and 244 which, in this example, take the form of arched projections that extend longitudinally along the first segment and project towards the central space 240. The first and second keys 242 and 244 are spaced in relation and, as shown in Figure 30, spaced so as to engage the first and second grooves 222 and 230 defined in the first and second rings 218 and 220 when the rings are positioned within the central space 240. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 36 / 152 / 51

[0049] The second segment 238 may be identical to the first segment 236, as in the exemplary coupling embodiment 210 shown in Figure 25, and, as shown in Figures 27 and 30, comprises first and second keys 246, 248 which extend longitudinally along the second segment 238 and project towards the central space 240. The first and second keys 246 and 248 in the second segment 238 are spaced in relation, and, as shown in Figure 30, spaced so as to engage the first and second grooves 222 and 230 defined in the first and second rings 218 and 220 when the rings are positioned within the central space 240.

[0050] As shown in Figures 25 and 26, the first segment 236 comprises first and second fastening members 250 and 252 positioned at opposite ends thereof. The second segment 238 also comprises first and second fastening members 254 and 256, positioned at opposite ends thereof. The first fastening member 250 in the first segment 236 is engageable with the first fastening member 254 in the second segment 238. Similarly, the second fastening member 252 in the first segment 236 is engageable with the second fastening member 256 in the second segment 238, the fastening members securing the first and second segments 236 and 238 to each other.As shown in Figures 25 and 27, the first fastening member 250 in the first segment 236 defines a first action surface 258 that engages with a first receiving surface 224 in the first ring 218, and a second action surface 260 spaced relative to the first action surface 258 and engageable with a second receiving surface 232 (not visible) in the second ring 220 when the first and second rings 218 and 220 are within the central space 240. The engagement between the action surfaces 258, 260 and the receiving surfaces 224 and 232 respectively prevents rotation of the first and second tube elements 212 and 214 relative to each other around the... Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 37 / 152 / 51 longitudinal geometric axis 216.

[0051] It is considered advantageous to have a plurality of action surfaces engaging their respective receiving surfaces. Thus, as shown in Figures 25, 26, and 27 in the exemplary embodiment, the first fastening member 254 in the second segment 238 comprises a third action surface 262 engaging with the first receiving surface 224 in the first ring 218, and a fourth action surface 264 spaced relative to the third action surface 262 and engaging with the second receiving surface 232 (not visible) in the second ring 220. It is also advantageous if the action surfaces engage the receiving surfaces on opposite sides of the rings 218 and 220. Thus, as shown in Figures 28 and 29, a third of the receiving surfaces 226 extends into a portion of the first ring 218 adjacent to the first groove 222, and a fourth of the receiving surfaces 234 extends into a portion of the second ring 220 adjacent to the second groove 230.As shown in Figures 26 and 27, the second fastening member 252 in the first segment 236 comprises a fifth action surface 266 engageable with the third receiving surface 226 in the first ring 218 shown in Figures 26 and 28. As shown in Figure 27, a sixth action surface 268 is spaced relative to the fifth action surface 266 and is engageable with a fourth of the receiving surfaces 234 in the second ring 220 shown in Figure 29. As shown in Figures 26 and 27, the second fastening member 256 in the second segment 238 comprises a seventh action surface 270 engageable with the third receiving surface 226 in the first ring 218, and an eighth action surface 272, spaced relative to the seventh action surface 270, is engageable with the fourth receiving surface 234 in the second ring 220 (see Figure 29). 29).

[0052] For compatibility and effective engagement between the working surfaces and the receiving surfaces, it is advantageous if, as noted here, the Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 38 / 152 / 51 receiving surfaces 224, 225, 226 and 227 and 232, 233, 234 and 235 comprise flat surfaces 228, each flat surface extending along a chord of rings 218 and 220. For advantageous matching engagement to prevent relative rotation between tube elements 212 and 214 around the longitudinal geometric axis 216, in this exemplary embodiment, the first to eighth action surfaces 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270 and 272 also comprise flat surfaces 274 capable of matching engagement with their respective receiving surfaces.

[0053] As shown in Figures 26 and 27, in this exemplary embodiment, for each action surface, a first portion 276 of the action surface is angularly oriented with respect to a second portion 278 of the action surface. The angular orientation of the first portions 276 acts as a direction to guide the rings 218 and 220 to the segments 236 and 238 when the coupling 210 is assembled.

[0054] The receiving surfaces in each ring 218 and 220 work in opposing pairs to engage the eight action surfaces of segments 236 and 238. It is advantageous to include a plurality of paired receiving surfaces in each ring 218 and 220. In this example, there are two sets of paired receiving surfaces in ring 218, namely, paired receiving surfaces 224 and 226, and paired receiving surfaces 225 and 227. Similarly, ring 220 comprises paired receiving surfaces 232 and 234, and paired receiving surfaces 233 and 235.The use of a plurality of paired receiving surfaces on each ring 218 and 220 allows for effective mechanical engagement between segments 236 and 238 and the rings, and also allows the pipe elements to which the rings are attached to be rotated or turned at angular intervals around the longitudinal geometric axis of the pipe element relative to segments 236 and 238 as defined by the number of paired receiving surfaces. In this example, the pipe elements can be... Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 39 / 152 / 51 rotated at 90° intervals consistent with the 90° angular separation between the paired receiving surfaces. The ability to rotate the pipe elements allows them to be rotated to more evenly distribute abrasive wear on their inner surfaces (thereby increasing the service life of the pipe elements) while still maintaining the orientation of coupling segments 236 and 238. This is advantageous because it allows convenient access to the fasteners connecting the segments after repeated rotations of the pipe elements, which may not be possible if the segments rotate with the pipe elements when rotated.

[0055] In the exemplary version, each fixing member 250, 252, 254 and 256 comprise an eyelet 280 (see Figures 25 and 26) defining first and second holes 282 and 284 in a spaced relation. Each hole is adapted to receive an adjustable fastener 286 to fix the first fastening member 250 in the first segment 236 to the first fastening member 254 in the second segment 238, and the second fastening member 252 in the first segment 236 to the second fastening member 256 in the second segment 238.

[0056] It is considered advantageous to minimize the distance between the neutral geometric axis of the cross-section of the segments and a point, such as the centerline, in the cross-section of a fastener that secures the segments to each other. Minimizing this distance reduces the bending moments that are applied to the fasteners because of the internal pressure within the rings that attempts to separate the segments forming a pipe joint. Smaller bending moments allow for various design changes, such as using smaller diameter fasteners, less expensive fasteners made of lower strength material, or better pressure load performance for a given fastener and coupling combination. Prior art couplings are limited in their ability to locate the Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 40 / 152 / 51 fastener center lines close to the neutral geometric axis of the coupling segments due to the size of the fasteners and their heads (such as the screw head or nut), and the need to provide access to the fasteners and clearance for tools used to install the fasteners.

[0057] Figure 26A also illustrates another way to specify an advantageous fastening configuration. In this example, a relationship between the radius of a convenient point on a key and the distance from that point on the key to a convenient point on a fastener, measured along a diameter of one of the rings (18, 20) is used as a substitute for minimizing the distance between the neutral geometric axis of the segments and the fasteners which is independent of the specific cross-section of the coupling. As shown by way of example in Figure 26A, the distance K between a point 289 at the midpoint between the root 291 on the key 246 and the free end 293 of the key 246, and a point 295 on the centerline 297 of the fastener 286, measured along a diametrical line of the ring 218, can be compared to the distance R between the point 289 and the center of curvature of the key 246 on the geometric axis 239 by dividing the distance K by the distance R.This ratio expresses the relative proximity of the screw to the key in terms of the key's radius, and therefore, more generally, the radius of the pipe to be joined. This is expected to provide an advantage where the R / K ratio is greater than 23, and additionally when the ratio is greater than 5, such as between 5 and 6.

[0058] Another example of an advantageous configuration definition for coupling pipe segments is shown in Figure 26B. In this example, the fastening members in segments 236 and 238 (fastening members 256 and 258 in segment 238 shown) subtend a relatively large angular portion of each segment measured from the geometric axis 239 which is the center of curvature for the keys 242, 244 (segment 236), 246 and 248 (segment 238 shown). Subtended angles 241 for fastening members 250, 252, 254 and 256 (254 and 256 shown) Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 41 / 152 / 51 vary from 15° to approximately 35°, with a subtended angle of 25° being considered advantageous. In this example, the relatively large angle subtended by the fastening members 256 and 258 allows the center lines 283 of the fasteners 286 to be located relatively closer to the keys 246 because the bearing surfaces 257 on the fastening members 256 and 258 are then located advantageously far from the matching plane 245. This positioning is advantageous because the clearance between the outer surfaces of the segment 238 and the nuts 247 of the fastener 286 increases as the bearing surfaces 257 become further from the plane 245.

[0059] As shown in Figures 27 and 30, the first segment 236 defines a first channel 288 positioned between the first and second keys 242 and 244 in the first segment. The channel 288 extends longitudinally along the first segment 236. The second segment 238 defines a second channel 290 positioned between the first and second keys 246, 248 in the second segment 238. The second channel 290 extends longitudinally along the second segment 238. As shown in Figure 30, a seal 292 is received within the first and second channels 288 and 290. The seal 292 is engageable with the first and second rings 218 and 220 to produce a fluid-tight joint between the tube elements 212 and 214.

[0060] It is expected that pipe couplings according to the invention can eliminate several disadvantages associated with the rotation of pipe sections and thereby improve the efficiency and safety of such operations. Rotary couplings

[0061] An exemplary rotational coupling configured to join pipe elements to each other and allow rotation of the pipe elements relative to each other is also described in this document. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 42 / 152 / 51

[0062] Figures 31-33 show an exemplary embodiment of a coupling 310 that allows rotation of tube elements 312, 314 around their longitudinal geometric axes 316 according to the invention. As shown in detail in Figure 32, the exemplary coupling 310 comprises a first ring 318 fixable to a first of the tube elements, the first ring 318 comprising a first collar 320 that extends circumferentially around the first ring and projects outwards from it. The first collar 320 defines a support surface 322 and a retention surface 324 arranged opposite to each other. Surfaces 322 and 324 are oriented transversely to a first geometric axis of ring 326 arranged coaxially with the first ring 318. Optionally, surfaces 322 and 324 are oriented perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) to the first geometric axis of ring 326.The first ring 318 may also comprise a coating 319 to act as a sacrificial wear surface, which protects the first ring against abrasion. The coating 319 may be formed of, or comprise, an abrasion-resistant material such as steel, chromium carbide, and urethane, to name a few examples, the coating being replaceable to allow the ring to be reused.

[0063] A housing 328 defines a through hole 330 surrounding a longitudinal geometric axis 332 arranged coaxially with the hole. The housing 328 has a first end 334 and a second end 336 arranged opposite each other. The housing 328 has a length extending between the first end 334 and the second end 336 along the longitudinal geometric axis 332. The first end 334 of the housing 328 is adapted to receive the first ring 318 coaxially within the hole of the housing 330. In this exemplary embodiment, the housing comprises a first shoulder 338 Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 43 / 152 / 51 positioned distally from the first end 334 of the housing (e.g., spaced from the first end 334 in a direction going towards the second end 336 of the housing 328). The first projection 338 may be positioned between the first end 334 and the midpoint of the housing 328 between the first and second ends 334 and 336. The first projection 338 projects towards the longitudinal geometric axis 332 and is oriented transversely to it. Optionally, the first projection 338 is oriented perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) to the longitudinal geometric axis 332. A first channel 340 extends circumferentially around the housing 328 and faces the longitudinal geometric axis 332.The first channel 340 is positioned at a distance from the first protrusion 338 and close to the first end 334 of the housing 328 (for example, the first channel 340 may be positioned within 10-15% of the housing length from the first end 334). Optionally, the first channel 340 may be positioned between the first protrusion 338 and the first end 334. A first retaining ring 342 is positionable within the first channel 340. Exemplary retaining rings 342 suitable for use in the invention are commercially available from Smalley USA, located in Lake Zurich, Illinois. The retaining rings 342 operate similarly to snap rings to fit inside the bore 330 and then expand radially outward to engage the channel 340. The first retaining ring 342 projects into the bore 330 toward the longitudinal geometric axis of the housing 332.

[0064] When, as shown in Figure 32, the first ring 318 is received within the hole 330 of the housing 328 at its first end 334, the first collar 320 of the first ring 318 is positionable between the first shoulder 338 and the first channel 340 of the housing 328. The first Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 44 / 152 / 51 retaining ring 342 is then positionable within the first channel 340. The bearing surface 322 of the collar 320 is engageable with the first shoulder 338 and the first retaining surface of the collar 324 is engageable with the first retaining ring 342. The first ring 318 is thereby retained in the axial direction within the housing 328, but the only resistance with respect to rotation between the first ring 318 and the housing 328 around the longitudinal geometric axis of the housing 332 is the friction between the housing 328 and the first ring 318.

[0065] As the coupling 310 according to the invention is intended to allow relative rotation between the first ring 318 and the housing 328 (along with any pipe elements attached to the first ring, see Figure 33), it is advantageous to position a first support 344 between the housing 328 and the first ring 318. In this example, the first support 344 is positioned distally from the first end 334 of the housing 328 (for example, spaced from the first end 334 in a direction going towards the second end 336 of the housing 328). The first support 344 can be positioned between the first shoulder 338 and the midpoint of the housing 328 between the first and second ends 334 and 336. To provide two-point support to the ring 318 for smooth rotation, a second support 346 is advantageously positioned between the housing 328 and the first ring 318. In this example, the second support 346 is positioned between the first collar 320 and the housing.By way of example, both the first and second supports 344 and 346 comprise first and second bearing rings 348 and 350, each of which extends circumferentially around bore 330. Both the first and second bearing rings 348 and 350 are formed of material with a lower coefficient of friction than both the first ring 318 and the housing 328. In a practical design, the bearing rings 348 and 350 are formed of, or comprise, polytetrafluoroethylene for a low-friction interface between the housing 328. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 45 / 152 / 51 and the first ring 318.

[0066] It is additionally advantageous to provide one or more seals 352 between the housing 328 and the first ring 318 to provide a fluid-tight seal between the first ring 318 and the housing 328. In the exemplary coupling embodiment 310 shown in Figure 32, a plurality of seals are used, positioned distally from the first end 334 of the housing 328 as well as between the housing and the first collar 320 (for example, spaced from the first end 334 in a direction going towards the second end 336 of the housing 328). Optionally, the plurality of seals may be positioned between the first shoulder 338 and the midpoint of the housing 328 between the first and second ends 334 and 336.In a practical design, the seals 352 may comprise O-rings or similar engineering seals 354 received within the respective circumferential grooves 356 positioned either on the first ring 318 (including the first collar 320) or on the housing 328 (shown). The O-rings or similar engineering seals may be considered advantageous by virtue of allowing relative rotation between the housing and the ring.

[0067] As shown in Figures 31 and 32, to allow the first ring 318 to be conveniently coupled to a pipe element, the first ring comprises a first external groove 358 extending circumferentially around it. The external groove 358 is positioned outside the bore 330 of the housing 328 to receive corresponding keys of a mechanical coupling 360, joining the first ring 318, and thus the coupling 310, to a first pipe element 312 as shown in Figure 34. Alternatively, the first ring 318 may include a flange for coupling to a flanged pipe element or may be joined to the first pipe element 312 by other means known in the art.

[0068] As shown in Figure 32, the exemplary coupling Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 46 / 152 / 51 310 may further comprise a second ring 362 attachable to a second of the tube elements. The second end 336 of the housing 328 is adapted to receive the second ring 362 coaxially within its bore 330 and is a mirror image of the first ring 318. The second ring 362 comprises the same elements as the first ring 318, namely, a second geometric axis of the ring 364 arranged coaxially with the second ring 362; a second collar 366 extending circumferentially around the second ring and projecting outwards from it, the second collar 366 defining a bearing surface 368 and a retaining surface 370 arranged opposite to each other, the surfaces 368 and 370 being oriented transversely to the second geometric axis of the ring 364 arranged coaxially with the second ring 362.Optionally, surfaces 368 and 370 are oriented perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) to the second geometric axis of ring 364. The second ring 362 may also comprise a sacrificial wear surface, such as a lining 319, described previously. Similarly, housing 328 further comprises a second projection 372 positioned distally from the second end 336 of the housing, the second projection projecting towards the longitudinal geometric axis of housing 332 and oriented transversely to it (e.g., spaced from the second end 336 in a direction going towards the first end 334 of housing 328). Optionally, the second projection 372 is oriented perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly (e.g., within 10 degrees of perpendicularity) to the longitudinal geometric axis of housing 332.The second shoulder 372 can be positioned between the second end 336 and the midpoint of the housing 328 between the first and second ends 334 and 336. A second channel 374 extends circumferentially around the housing 328 and faces the axis. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 47 / 152 / 51 geometric longitudinal 332, the second channel being positioned in relation to the spaced second protrusion 372 and close to the second end 336 of the housing 328 (for example, the second channel 374 can be positioned within 10-15% of the housing length from the second end 336). Optionally, the second channel 374 can be positioned between the second protrusion 372 and the second end 336. A second retaining ring 376 is positionable inside the second channel 374, the second retaining ring projecting into the bore 330 towards the geometric longitudinal axis 332.As for the first ring 318, when the second ring 362 is received within the hole 330 at the second end 336 of the housing 328, the second collar 366 is positionable between the second shoulder 372 and the second channel 374, the second retaining ring 376 then being positionable within the second channel 374, the bearing surface 368 of the second collar 366 being engageable with the second shoulder 372, the retaining surface 370 of the second collar 366 being engageable with the second retaining ring 376, the second ring 362 being thereby retained within the housing 328.

[0069] The exemplary coupling 310 according to the invention may also comprise one or more additional seals 378 positioned between the housing 328 and the second ring 362. As shown in Figure 32, the seals 378 are positioned distally from the second end 336 of the housing 328 as well as between the housing and the second collar 366 (for example, spaced from the second end 336 in a direction going towards the first end 334 of the housing 328). Optionally, the seals 378 may be positioned between the second shoulder 372 and the midpoint of the housing 328 between the first and second ends 334 and 336. The seals 378 may comprise O-rings 380 received within circumferential grooves 382 positioned in one of the second ring 362 (including the second collar 366) or the Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 48 / 152 / 51 accommodation 328 (shown).

[0070] To provide support and minimize friction between the second ring 362 and housing 328, the first and second supports are positioned between the housing and the second ring. In this example, the first support 384 is positioned distally from the second end 336 of housing 328, and the second support 386 is positioned between the second collar 366 and housing 328 (e.g., spaced from the second end 336 in a direction going towards the first end 334 of housing 328). The first support 384 can be positioned between the second shoulder 372 and the midpoint of the housing 328 between the first and second ends 334 and 336. The supports 384 and 386 can respectively comprise first and second bearing rings 388 and 390 that extend circumferentially around the bore 330. The bearing rings 388 and 390 are advantageously formed of material with a lower coefficient of friction than both the second ring 362 and the housing 328.In a practical design, bearing rings 388 and 390 can be formed from or comprise polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0071] As with the first ring 318, the second ring 362 comprises an external groove 392 extending circumferentially around it. The external groove 392 of the second ring 362 is positioned outside the bore 330 of the housing 328 to receive corresponding keys of a mechanical coupling similar to 360, joining the second ring 362, and thus the coupling 310, to the second tube element 314 (see Figure 33) analogous to the joint shown in Figure 34. Alternatively, the second ring 362 may include a flange for joining to a flanged tube element or may be joined to the second tube element 314 by other means known in the art.

[0072] Figure 33 shows two exemplary sections 396 and 398 of a pipe 400. Sections 396 and 398 respectively comprise Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 49 / 152 / 51 pipe elements 312, 402, 404, 406, 408 and 314, 410, 412, 414 and 416. Each pipe element can have a length of up to 15 meters (50 feet), and are known as double random pipe lengths. Couplings 310 allow sections 396 and 398 to be rotated around the longitudinal geometric axes 316 of the pipe elements without disconnecting sections 396 and 398 from the pipe 400 or from each other. The couplings 310, which allow rotation around the geometric axis 316, are positioned at opposite ends of each section 396 and 398, a rotary joint using the coupling 310 being shown in Figures 35 and 35A. The tube elements 312 and 314 are respectively joined to the first and second rings 318 and 362 comprising the coupling 310 using mechanical couplings 360 that prevent relative rotation between the tube element 312 and the first ring 318, and between the tube element 314 and the second ring 362.The connection between the tube elements 312, 314 and the rings 318, 362 is made as shown in Figure 34 when the keys 420 of the couplings 360 engage external grooves 358 (shown) and 392 of the rings 318 (shown) and 362 (see also Figure 31) and similar grooves 422 in the tube elements 312 (shown) and 314. The non-rotating couplings 360 are also used to connect the tube elements of sections 396 and 398 to each other between the couplings 310 as shown in Figures 33 and 36 for tube elements 312 and 402. A first exemplary non-rotating coupling type 361 is shown in Figures 35 and 36. A second exemplary non-rotating coupling type 363 is shown in Figures 35A and 35B. 36A. Optionally, the non-rotating coupling 361 can be coupling 10 or 210 shown in Figures 1-30.Note that although tube elements 312 and 314 cannot rotate relative to the first and second rings 318 and 362, the rings can rotate relative to the housing 328. Thus, the five tube elements comprising each section 396 and 398 are all fixed as to rotation relative to each other, but each section... Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 50 / 152 / 51 396, 398 can rotate as a tube between couplings 310. Couplings 310 in this way allow all sections of the piping comprising a plurality of pipe elements to be rotated or turned as one to ensure uniform wear of the internal surfaces of the pipe elements when abrasive media are conveyed.

[0073] Figure 37 shows another embodiment of coupling 424 according to the invention. Coupling 424 differs from coupling 310 in that the first ring 318 also comprises a locking surface 426 positioned in a spaced relation to the retaining surface 324 (see Figure 32) and outside the hole 330 of the housing 328. The locking surface 426 faces outside the geometric axis of the hole 332. In a further difference, the housing 328 comprises a locking lug 428 projecting from the first end 334 of the housing. The locking lug 428 defines a clamping surface 430 in a spaced relation to and facing the locking surface 426.A locking body 432 is insertable between the locking surface 426 and the clamping surface 430 so that the locking body 432 engages both the locking surface 426 and the clamping surface 430 when the locking body 432 is positioned between them in order to prevent relative rotation between the first ring 318 and the housing 328.

[0074] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the locking surface 426 comprises a flat surface extending through a cord of the first ring 318, and the clamping surface 430 also comprises a flat surface on the locking ear 428. In a practical exemplary embodiment, the locking body may comprise a bar with flat faces for engaging the flat surfaces of the clamping surface 430 and the locking surface 426.

[0075] Figure 38 shows another embodiment of coupling 434 in which the first ring 318 comprises a first locking surface. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, p. 51 / 152 / 51 436 positioned in a spaced relationship with the retaining surface 324 (see Figure 32) and outside the hole 330. The first locking surface 436 faces outside the geometric axis of the hole 332. A second locking surface 438 is positioned in a spaced relationship with the retaining surface 324 and outside the hole 330, the second locking surface also facing outside the geometric axis of the hole 332. Similarly, the housing 328 comprises a first locking lug 440 projecting from the first end 334 thereof. The first snap-fit ​​lug 440 defines a first clamping surface 442 spaced relative to and facing the first locking surface 436. A second snap-fit ​​lug 444 projects from the first end 334 of the housing 328, the second snap-fit ​​lug defining a second clamping surface 446 spaced relative to and facing the second locking surface 438.A locking body 448 is insertable between the first locking surface 436 and the first clamping surface 442, and the second locking surface 438 and the second clamping surface 446, so that the locking body 448 engages the first and second locking surfaces 436, 438 and the first and second clamping surfaces 442, 446 when the locking body 448 is positioned between them in order to prevent relative rotation between the first ring 318 and the housing 328.

[0076] In an exemplary coupling embodiment 434, the locking surfaces 436, 438 comprise respective flat surfaces extending through the respective chords of the first ring 318, and the clamping surfaces 442, 446 comprise respective flat surfaces on the first and second locking tabs 440 and 444. In this example, the locking tabs 440 and 444 are positioned opposite each other in the housing 328. This configuration allows the locking body 448 to comprise a fork 450 with a first tooth 452 positionable between the first locking surface 436 and the first clamping surface 442 and a Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 52 / 152 / 51 second tooth 454 positionable between the second locking surface 438 and the second clamping surface 446.

[0077] Figure 38A shows another embodiment of coupling 464 according to the invention. Coupling 464 differs from coupling 310 in that the first ring 318 also comprises at least one notch 466 positioned in spaced relation to the retaining surface 324 (see Figure 32) and outside the hole 330 of the housing 328. The notches 466 face outward from the geometric axis of the hole 332. A locking body 468 is insertable into a slot 470 in the housing 328 and engages a notch 466 so that the locking body 468 engages both the housing 328 and the notch 466 in order to prevent relative rotation between the first ring 318 and the housing 328.

[0078] For all coupling embodiments 424, 434, 464, the housings and rings are substantially similar to the housing and rings of embodiment 310, with the exceptions described above. Although the first ends of the housings are described for exemplary embodiments 424, 434, and 464, it should be understood (and shown in Figures 37, 38, and 38A) that the opposite ends of the housing may also have locking features as described herein. Furthermore, coupling embodiments 424, 434, and 464 may have a plurality of locking surfaces to allow the rings 318 to be repeatedly rotated about the geometric axis 332 to more evenly distribute wear across the inner surfaces of the rings and the pipe elements connected thereto. Methods of rotating a pipe section

[0079] Methods of rotating a section of a pipe are further described in this document. Figure 39 shows a portion of an exemplary pipe 510 comprising a plurality of sections, an exemplary section 512 being shown in detail. The Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 53 / 152 / 51 The methods described in this document allow rotation of each section, for example, section 512, without the ends of each section being disconnected from adjacent sections. Section 512 has a longitudinal geometric axis 514 arranged coaxially with a section hole. Section 512 comprises a plurality of tube elements, in this example, three tube elements, 516, 518, and 520, respectively, joined together end to end. Three elements comprising section 512 are shown only as an example, as there could be more or fewer tube elements comprising a section. In a practical example, each tube element may be up to 15 meters (50 feet) long, and such elements are known as double random tube lengths.

[0080] Section 512 has a first end 522 connected to pipe 510 by a first coupling 524. The first coupling 524 allows rotation of section 512 relative to pipe 510 around the longitudinal geometric axis 514. Section 512 has a second end 526 connected to pipe 510 by a second coupling 528 which also allows rotation of section 512 around the longitudinal geometric axis 514 relative to pipe 510. In this exemplary embodiment, the first and second couplings are known as couplings that allow rotation (hereinafter, rotary couplings). Rotary couplings 524 and 528 are identical to each other in this example and define the extension of section 512. Optionally, the couplings that allow rotation 524 and 528 can be couplings that allow rotation 310, 424, 434 or 464 described in this document and shown in Figures 31-38A.

[0081] In an exemplary section 512, the tube elements 516, 518 and 520 are connected to each other using torsion-resistant couplings, two of which are shown in Figure 39, numbered 530 and 532. Optionally, the torsion-resistant couplings 530 and 532 may be torsion-resistant couplings 10 or 210 described in this document. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, pp. 54 / 152 / 51 and shown in Figures 1-30. The torsion-resistant couplings 530 and 532 (further described in this document) prevent relative rotation about the longitudinal geometric axis 514 between the pipe elements they connect. In this example, the relative rotation between pipe elements 516, 518, and 520 about the geometric axis 514 is prevented. It is considered advantageous to prevent relative rotation between pipe elements comprising a section when mechanical couplings with keys are used to connect pipe elements with circumferential grooves engaged by the keys. Grooved pipe elements connected by mechanical couplings rely primarily on friction between the coupling and the pipe element to prevent relative rotation, and such mechanical joints may not generate sufficient friction to prevent the relative rotation of one pipe element with respect to another under all circumstances.Therefore, when a torque is applied to a pipe element to rotate section 512, unless torsion-resistant couplings are used to connect all pipe elements 516, 518, and 520 comprising section 512, it cannot be guaranteed that all pipe elements will rotate, or will rotate by the same amount as the pipe element to which the torque is applied.

[0082] Figures 39-42A illustrate an exemplary method of rotating a section 512 of pipe 510, the exemplary method comprising: support section 512 at a plurality of points 534, 536, 538 (Figures 39 and 40); apply a first torque to section 512 around the longitudinal geometric axis 514 (Figures 39 and 41) at at least one point 540 between the first and second ends 522 and 526 of section 512, thereby rotating section 512 by a first angular displacement 542 around the longitudinal geometric axis 514 arranged coaxially with the hole 544 of section 512. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 55 / 152 / 51

[0083] In practice, the method can be carried out while the first and / or second ends 522, 526 of section 512 are connected to the adjacent pipe 510 by means of rotary couplings.

[0084] In practice, the number and position of the support points of a 512 section will certainly depend on the length of the section along with other factors such as pipe diameter and topography, and may require more than those shown in the figures. Regardless, the support points may be located between ends 522 and 526 (e.g., point 536) as well as near the first and second ends of the section (points 534 and 538), both between ends 522 and 526, and outside the ends on the 510 pipe itself as shown in Figure 39. Optionally, the support points near the first and second ends of the section may be positioned between the ends on the 510 pipe and within 15 meters (30 feet) of the ends on the 510 pipe.

[0085] As illustrated in Figure 40, the supporting step may comprise lifting section 512, for example, out of a plurality of support shoes 546. Lifting is an optional operation in the supporting step and may or may not be required depending on the size of the pipe elements comprising the section, the ground on which the section rests, and the manner in which it is supported in place. Specialized tracked vehicles, known as pipe setters 548, are normally used for supporting, lifting (when necessary), and applying torque to section 512, although it is feasible to use cranes or other lifting apparatus known in the art. As shown in Figures 39 and 40, lifting and supporting section 512 comprises using a plurality of pipe setters 548 to pull a plurality of lifting slings 550. Each lifting sling 550 is positioned at a respective of the plurality of lifting / support points 534, 536, and 538.To lift and support section 512, each lifting sling 550 has a line of action 552 (see Figure 40) aligned or substantially aligned. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 56 / 152 / 51 aligned with (for example, within 10 degrees of alignment) the longitudinal geometric axis 514. To minimize friction between section 512 and the lifting slings 550, the lifting slings may have rollers 554 aligned to support section 512 while still allowing rotation around the longitudinal geometric axis 514.

[0086] As shown in Figures 39 and 41, torque is applied to section 512 at point 540 using a pipe seater 548 pulling a clamping sling 556 encircling section 512. The clamping sling 556 is designed to contract and grip the pipe element (in this example, pipe element 518). The clamping sling 556 also has a line of action 558 that is offset from the longitudinal geometric axis 514 in a direction transverse to it. Thus, when tension is applied to the clamping sling 556, it grips the pipe element 518 and, by virtue of the offset line of action 558, applies a torque about the longitudinal geometric axis 514, causing the pipe element 518, and those attached to it (pipe elements 516 and 520) to rotate through the angular displacement 542.The rotation of section 512 relative to pipe 510 is permitted by the use of rotary couplings 524 and 528 at opposite ends of the section, and the rotation of all pipe elements comprising section 512 is ensured by the use of torsion-resistant couplings 530 and 532 connecting pipe element 518 to pipe elements 516 and 520. Rollers 554 in support slings 550 (see Figure 40) allow section 512 to rotate with minimal friction while supported by pipe rests 548 at support points 534, 536 and 538 (see Figure 39).

[0087] One purpose of rotating section 512 is to extend the service life of the section by ensuring that all internal surfaces of the pipe elements comprising the section exhibit approximately the same degree of wear. Pipe elements carrying abrasive slurries, for example, wear unevenly, with most of the wear occurring in one sector. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 57 / 152 / 51 further down the inner surface where the abrasive particles of the slurry are concentrated and come into contact with the inner surface elements of the pipe, causing most of the wear in the lowest sector. Rotation (or turning) of the section moves a new, un-abraded sector from the inner part of the pipe element to the lower position so that it undergoes abrasion and wear. Several factors, such as the nature of the slurry and the diameter of the pipe, will determine the degree of angular displacement required to remove the worn sector from the lower position and replace it with the un-abraded sector. However, it may not be possible for the clamping sling 556 to rotate section 512 through the full angular displacement required in one pull.Thus, the exemplary method according to the invention allows applying a second torque at at least one point 540 between the first and second ends 522 and 526 of section 512, thereby rotating the section by a second angular displacement 560 around the longitudinal geometric axis 514. This step can be repeated until the desired angular displacement is achieved. The first, second, and subsequent angular displacements can be equal to each other, or different from each other, as required to achieve the desired displacement.

[0088] As shown in Figure 39, for long and heavy sections 512, it may be necessary to use a plurality of pipe seaters 548 to apply torque at a plurality of points (540, 562) between the first and second ends of section 512 to perform the rotation of the section through the various angular displacements 542, 560 around the longitudinal geometric axis 514. Multiple torque applications may be required to achieve the desired angular displacement, thus this step may be repeated in the method.

[0089] As shown in Figure 42, the method according to the invention also contemplates connecting a sling 557 to section 512 in the hair Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 58 / 152 / 51 minus one point 540, instead of the offset clamping sling 556. Alternatively, section 512 can be connected to sling 557 at at least one point 540 and the offset clamping sling 556 can be connected to section 512 at other points. As shown in Figure 42, sling 557 can be connected to a torsion-resistant coupling 530, 532 (torsion-resistant coupling 530 shown). The sling 557 can be connected to the torsion-resistant coupling 530 by means of a shackle 559 connected to a rotation opening 594b of the torsion-resistant coupling 530, wherein the torsion-resistant coupling 530 may comprise the components and embodiments described for the coupling 10 in this document. The sling 557 connected to the rotation opening 594b has a line of action 561 that is displaced from the longitudinal geometric axis 514 in a direction transverse to it.When tension is applied to the sling 557, by virtue of the displaced line of action 561, the sling 557 applies a torque around the longitudinal geometric axis 514, causing the torsion-resistant coupling 530 and therefore the connected tube elements 516, 518, 520 to rotate.

[0090] As shown in Figure 42A, the method according to the invention contemplates fitting a wrench 564 into section 512 at at least one point 540, and not into the offset clamping sling. The wrench 564 has a jaw 566 that receives section 512 and an arm 568 that extends from the jaw 566 in a direction transverse to the longitudinal geometric axis 514 of section 512. Thus, applying a force to the arm 568 at a distal point of section 512 applies a torque to the section around the geometric axis 514 (e.g., spaced outward from the outer circumference of the section 512 pipe). Optionally, the force can be applied to the arm 568 at a position spaced outward from the outer circumference of the pipe. It may be advantageous to provide flat surfaces 569 in section 512, for example, flat surfaces that can be Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page. 59 / 152 / 51 associated with torsion-resistant couplings 530 and 532, to allow positive mechanical engagement between the jaw 566 of the wrench 564 and section 512 and to ensure rotation of the section when force is applied to the arm 568 by the pipe seater 548. Alternatively, it may be advantageous to provide notches in section 512, for example, notches associated with torsion-resistant couplings 530 and 532, and to provide pins in the jaw 566 of the wrench 564 that extend parallel to the geometric axis 514 to allow positive mechanical engagement between the jaw 566 of the wrench 564 and section 512 by means of engagement between the pins of the wrench 564 and the notches in section 512 to ensure rotation of the section when force is applied to the arm 568 by the pipe seater 548.

[0091] It is expected that the use of the exemplary method according to the invention for rotating sections of a pipeline can provide an efficient and safe way to extend the life of the pipeline, which does not require the pipeline to be deactivated and the section to be disconnected to perform the rotation.

[0092] All embodiments of the claimed invention described herein are expressly provided by way of example only. Countless variations and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments described herein without departing from the concept of this description. Furthermore, the scope of this description shall encompass any and all modifications and combinations of all elements, features, and aspects described in the descriptive report and claims, and shown in the drawings. Any and all such modifications and combinations shall be within the scope of this description. Petition 870250118652, dated 12 / 22 / 2025, page 60 / 152

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. A method for rotating a section of a pipe about a longitudinal geometric axis arranged coaxially with a hole in said section, said section comprising a plurality of pipe elements joined together end to end, said section having a first end connected to said pipe by a first coupling that permits rotation of said section relative to said pipe, said section having a second end connected to said pipe by a second coupling that permits rotation of said section relative to said pipe, said method characterized in that it comprises: supporting said section at a plurality of points; applying a first torque to said section about said longitudinal geometric axis at at least one point between said first and said second ends, thereby rotating said section by a first angular displacement about said longitudinal geometric axis.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises supporting said section between said first and said second ends.

3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises supporting said section by supporting said piping near said first and second ends of said section.

4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that supporting said section comprises raising said section.

5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises supporting said piping at points near said first and second ends of said section and between them.

6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said first torque is applied at a plurality of points between said first and said second ends of said section, thereby rotating said section in said first angular displacement around said longitudinal geometric axis.

7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises applying a second torque at said at least one point between said first and said second ends of said section, thereby rotating said section by a second angular displacement around said longitudinal geometric axis.

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that said second angular displacement is equal to said first angular displacement.

9. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises applying a second torque to said plurality of points between said first and said second ends of said section, thereby rotating said section by a second angular displacement around said longitudinal geometric axis.

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that said second angular displacement is equal to said first angular displacement.

11. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that applying said first torque comprises pulling a sling at said sling at least at one point, said sling having a line of action displaced from said longitudinal geometric axis in a direction transverse to it.

12. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that supporting said section comprises pulling a plurality of slings, each said sling being positioned at a respective of said points of the plurality of points, each said sling having a line of action aligned with said longitudinal geometric axis. Petition 870250073832, dated 21 / 08 / 2025, page 68 / 205 3 / 4 13. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that said first torque is applied at a plurality of points between said first and said second ends of said section, thereby rotating said section in said first angular displacement around said longitudinal geometric axis, wherein raising said section comprises pulling a plurality of slings, each said sling being positioned at a respective point of said plurality of points, each said sling having a line of action aligned with said longitudinal geometric axis.

14. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that applying said first torque comprises: connecting a sling to a torsion-resistant coupling, said sling having a line of action offset from said longitudinal geometric axis; and applying tension to said sling by thereby applying a torque about said longitudinal geometric axis causing said torsion-resistant coupling to rotate.

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that said sling is connected to said torsion-resistant coupling by means of a shackle connected to a rotation opening in said torsion-resistant coupling, said rotation opening being offset from said longitudinal geometric axis.

16. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that said torsion-resistant coupling is connected to at least one pipe element.

17. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that applying said first torque comprises: fitting a wrench into said section at least at one point, said wrench having a jaw that receives said section and an arm extending from said jaw in a direction transverse to said longitudinal geometric axis; and applying a force to said arm at a distal point of said section.

18. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of said section is performed while said first and said second ends of said section are coupled to said piping adjacent to said section. Petition 870250073832, dated 08 / 21 / 2025, p. 70 / 205

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