Power State Transitions in a Wireless Power System Based on Combinations of Status Indicators

Abstract

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatuses for a Power Receiver to communicate status information to a Power Transmitter. A Power Receiver and a Power Transmitter may support using combinations of existing status indicators in the Power Receiver Status field of a message to provide a more tailored response to fault conditions in the Power Receiver. In some aspects, the Power Transmitter and Power receiver can use a combination of existing indicators in a Power Receiver Status field to indicate that the Power Receiver is not able to enter a Power State to receive power from the Power Transmitter. This disclosure describes operations of the Power Transmitter to coordinate with the Power Receiver to enter a power saving mode or to enter the power saving mode in the event of a fault or condition preventing the Power Receiver from receiving or using power from a Power Transmitter.

Description

1 / 59 “POWER STATE TRANSITIONS IN A WIRELESS POWER SYSTEM BASED ON COMBINATIONS OF STATUS INDICATORS” FIELD OF TECHNIQUE

[001] This disclosure relates generally to wireless power transmission and, more specifically, to communication between a power transmitter and a power receiver. DESCRIPTION OF RELATED TECHNOLOGY

[002] A wireless power system may include a Power Transmitter and a Power Receiver. For example, the Power Transmitter may be installed or included on a countertop or other flat surface. The Power Receiver may be included in a wireless appliance, such as a blender, kettle, air fryer, mixer, or toaster, among other examples. The Power Transmitter may include a primary coil that produces an electromagnetic field that can induce a voltage in a secondary coil of the Power Receiver when the secondary coil is placed near the primary coil. In this configuration, the electromagnetic field can wirelessly transfer power to the secondary coil. Power may be transferred using inductive coupling or resonant coupling between the primary and secondary coils. The Power Receiver may supply the received power to operate the wireless appliance. SUMMARY

[003] The systems, methods and apparatus of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, none of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed in this document.

[004] In one aspect, a method performed by a Power Transmitter in a wireless power system includes receiving, from a Power Receiver (PRx) in the wireless power system, a communication message including a status field indicating the status of the Power Receiver, wherein the status field includes Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p. 86 / 172 2 / 59 a plurality of indicators of the Power Receiver status; and control a state transition based on a first status field indicator that indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter and a second status field indicator that indicates whether a communication error has occurred.

[005] In one aspect, a method performed by a Power Receiver in a wireless power system includes determining, by the Power Receiver, a current operating condition of the Power Receiver; defining, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, a first indicator of a status field of a communication message and a second indicator of the status field of the communication message, wherein the first indicator indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from a Power Transmitter and the second indicator indicates whether a communication error has occurred; providing the communication message to the Power Transmitter of the wireless power system; and receiving, from the Power Transmitter, a message requesting the transition to a power saving mode when the first indicator indicates that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and the second indicator indicates that no communication error has occurred.

[006] Details of one or more implementations of the matter described in this disclosure are presented in the accompanying drawings and in the description below. Other features, aspects and advantages will become apparent in the description, drawings and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[007] Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary wireless power system that includes an exemplary Power Transmitter and an exemplary Power Receiver.

[008] Figure 2 shows a message flowchart of an exemplary wireless power transmission process. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 87 / 172 3 / 59

[009] Figure 3 shows a block diagram that conceptually illustrates an exemplary Power Transmitter.

[010] Figure 4 shows a block diagram that conceptually illustrates an exemplary Power Receiver.

[011] Figure 5 shows a block diagram that conceptually illustrates an exemplary power negotiation and control.

[012] Figure 6 shows a block diagram that conceptually illustrates a communication protocol.

[013] Figure 7A is a conceptual diagram that illustrates an exemplary message encapsulation technique for a Power Receiver to indicate status.

[014] Figure 7B is a conceptual diagram that illustrates an exemplary Power Receiver Status field for a Power Receiver to indicate the status.

[015] Figures 8A-8D are flowcharts that show exemplary operations for interpreting Power Receiver Status indicators by a Power Transmitter.

[016] Figures 9A-9C are flowcharts that show exemplary operations for setting Power Receiver Status Indicators by a Power Receiver.

[017] Figure 10 is a timing diagram that illustrates a first example of state transitions in a wireless power system.

[018] Figure 11 is a timing diagram that illustrates a second example of state transitions in a wireless power system.

[019] Figure 12 is a timing diagram that illustrates a third example of state transitions in a wireless power system. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 88 / 172 4 / 59

[020] Figure 13 is a timing diagram that illustrates a fourth example of state transitions in a wireless power system.

[021] Figure 14 shows a block diagram of an exemplary device for use in a wireless power system.

[022] Note that the relative dimensions of the figures may not be drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[023] The following description is directed to certain implementations for the purpose of describing innovative aspects of this disclosure. However, a person with ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings contained herein can be applied in numerous different ways. The implementations described can be implemented in any medium, apparatus, system, or method for transmitting or receiving wireless power.

[024] A wireless power system may include a Power Transmitter (sometimes also called a PTx or wireless power transmitting apparatus) integrated with or otherwise disposed of on a surface. The wireless power system may also include a Power Receiver (sometimes also called a PRx or wireless power receiving apparatus). The Power Transmitter may include a primary coil configured to transmit wireless power via a magnetic field to a secondary coil in the Power Receiver. In some implementations, the Power Transmitter may include a primary coil that is incorporated into or fabricated on a surface on which a wireless power receiving apparatus may be placed. The wireless power receiving apparatus may be an apparatus (wireless or coded) that may include a Power Receiver for receiving wireless power.A secondary coil of the Power Receiver can obtain wireless power from the magnetic field and supply it to a power receiving circuit. The receiving circuit... Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p. 89 / 172 5 / 59 Power can convert energy and use it to charge or power a load. A Power Receiver can be included in or integrated into a wireless device that has a variable load (such as a blender, a heating element, a fan, among other examples). In some implementations, the Power Receiver can be included in or integrated into a wireless device that has a fixed load.

[025] During a power transfer phase, the Power Receiver may periodically communicate power control information to the Power Transmitter via a communication channel. Power control information may indicate the presence of the Power Receiver or the status of the Power Receiver, among other examples. Power control information may include a power request, a null communication (to indicate presence without feedback), or feedback from the Power Receiver. The Power Transmitter and Power Receiver may communicate via Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth™, or other communication techniques.

[026] This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for a Power Receiver to communicate status information to a Power Transmitter. In existing systems, a Power Receiver can communicate status information through a Power Receiver Status field of a communication message to the Power Transmitter. The Power Receiver Status field includes bits that, when set, indicate different aspects of the Power Receiver's status. However, there is a limited number of bits in the Power Receiver Status field. For example, for efficiency purposes, in an existing system, limited individual bits may be used to communicate the status, with each bit associated with a different aspect of the Power Receiver Status. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p. 90 / 172 6 / 59

[027] Due to the limited number of bits in the status field, many different failure scenarios are typically combined into a single bit. Thus, a technical problem with existing systems is that the combination of different operational difficulties results in ambiguity as to the actual failure experienced by the Power Receiver. As a result, the Power Transmitter may assume the worst-case scenario when responding to the fault and take corrective actions that may not actually be necessary. For example, a fault due to a communication error may require a reset in order to mitigate or correct the fault. Other faults due to overheating, overcurrent, or overvoltage may not require a complete reset in order to mitigate the fault.However, due to the ambiguity in fault determination resulting from the limited number of bits available in the Power Receiver Status field of existing systems, the Power Transmitter may assume the worst-case scenario, which in some cases means a complete reset, regardless of whether such a reset is necessary to correct the fault or not. Thus, unnecessary time may be spent correcting a fault, resulting in a poor user experience.

[028] Furthermore, the Power Transmitter may need to keep power resources in reserve for the Power Receiver because the limited information available to the Power Transmitter does not allow it to determine with any degree of certainty whether or not the Power Receiver needs power resources from the Power Transmitter. As a result, the Power Transmitter's power resources may be wasted by being kept in reserve for a Power Receiver that may not be able to make use of the power resources. These unused power resources are thus unavailable to other Power Transmitters that share a common input power cable, as in the case of a module with multiple transmitters. As a Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 91 / 172 7 / 59 result, the Power Receivers that could be repaired by the other transmitters are not repaired.

[029] Particular aspects of the matter described in this disclosure may be implemented in a practical application, such as a Power Transmitter and / or a Power Receiver, to realize one or more technical solutions to the problems discussed above, leading to potential advantages over existing systems. A Power Receiver and a Power Transmitter may support the use of combinations of status indicators existing in the Power Receiver Status field of a message to provide a more personalized response to fault conditions in the Power Receiver.

[030] For example, the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver can use a combination of indicators existing in a Power Receiver Status field to indicate that the Power Receiver is unable to enter a Power State to receive power from the Power Transmitter. For example, a fault in the Power Receiver may be preventing entry into the power state, or the Power Receiver may be receiving power from an alternative source (e.g., power from an electrical grid). In this case, the Power Transmitter may send a request to the Power Receiver asking if the system can enter power saving mode. For example, the Power Transmitter may send a message to the Power Receiver requesting a transition to a standby state.If the Power Receiver responds with a “Yes” to the request, or does not respond, the Power Transmitter can transition to a waiting state, thereby releasing the negotiated power resources reserved for the Power Receiver. If the Power Receiver responds with a “No” to the request, the Power Transmitter can wait and issue the query again. In this case, the Power Transmitter avoids restarting the connection with the Power Receiver, which would occur in... Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 92 / 172 8 / 59 existing systems and expect the Power Receiver to resolve the problem that prevents it from entering or remaining in the power state (e.g., overheating, overvoltage, overcurrent, etc.) or indicates that the Power Receiver will enter a power saving mode (e.g., transition to a standby state). Thus, the user experience is improved by better fault handling and error recovery procedures enabled by the revealed communication techniques.

[031] Although the examples in this disclosure are based on wireless power used in kitchen systems, the techniques are applicable to other types of systems. For example, the techniques can be used with wireless power systems associated with household appliances, electronic devices, fans, heaters, loudspeaker systems, air compressors, garden equipment, or components of an electric vehicle, among other examples.

[032] Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary wireless power system 100 that includes an exemplary Power Transmitter 102 and an exemplary Power Receiver 118. A Power Transmitter (sometimes called a “PTx”) is a functional unit that converts electrical power into magnetic power. In this disclosure, the Power Transmitter 102 includes the PTx, as well as a communication system and other electrical components. A Power Receiver (sometimes also called a “PRx”) is part of a wireless power transfer system that converts magnetic power into electrical power or heat. In this disclosure, the Power Receiver 118 includes the PRx, as well as a communication system and other electrical components. The Power Transmitter 102 and the Power Receiver 118 can be separated by an interface space 190.In Figure 1, the dashed lines represent communications to distinguish them from the solid lines which represent electrical circuit lines. Power Transmitter 102 includes a primary coil 104. The coil... Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p. 93 / 172 9 / 59 Primary coil 104 can be a coil of wire that transmits wireless power (which may also be called wireless energy). The primary coil 104 can transmit wireless power using an inductive or resonant magnetic field. The primary coil 104 can be associated with a power transmitter circuit 110. The power transmitter circuit 110 may include components such as a pulse width modulator or voltage-controlled oscillator 142, an inverter 144, and a series capacitor 146. The series capacitor 146 and the primary coil 104 are sometimes also called a “tank circuit 147”. The power transmitter circuit 110 may also include other components (not shown) for impedance matching. The Power Transmitter 102 may also include one or more sensors 152, such as a voltage sensor and a current sensor (not shown).

[033] Part or all of the power transmitter circuit 110 can be incorporated as an integrated circuit (IC) that implements features of this disclosure to control and transmit power wirelessly to one or more Power Receivers. The power controller 108 can be implemented as a microcontroller, dedicated processor, integrated circuit, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other suitable electronic device.

[034] Power supply 112 can supply power to the power transmitter circuit 110 in Power Transmitter 102. Power supply 112 can convert alternating current (AC) power into direct current (DC) power. For example, power supply 112 may include a converter that receives AC power from an external power supply and converts the AC power into DC power used by the power transmitter circuit 110.

[035] The power controller 108 is connected to a first communication interface 114. In some respects, the first communication interface 114 may be an interface that uses wireless communication techniques to communicate with other wireless communication interfaces (e.g., the second interface of Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p. 94 / 172 10 / 59 communication 132). The first communication interface 114 is connected to a first communication coil 116. In some implementations, the first communication interface 114 and the first communication coil 116 may be collectively referred to as the first communication unit 124. In some implementations, the first communication unit 124 may support Near Field Communication (NFC). NFC is a technology whereby data transfer occurs at a carrier frequency of 13.56 Megahertz (MHz). The first communication unit 124 may also support any suitable communication protocol.

[036] The Power Receiver 118 may include a secondary coil 120, a series capacitor 122, a series switch 123, a rectifier 126, an appliance controller 136, a second communication interface 132, a sensor 162, a load 130, and a memory (not shown). The series capacitor 122 and the secondary coil 120 are sometimes also called the “tank circuit 121”. In some respects, the second communication interface 132 may be an interface that communicates using wireless communication techniques. In some implementations, the Power Receiver 118 may also include a user interface (not shown) or other means for obtaining a load definition 164 indicating a desired load operation. In some implementations, the load definition 164 may be stored in a memory (not shown) of the Power Receiver 118.In some implementations, load 130 may also include an inverter (not shown) to control at least one parameter, such as temperature, speed, or load torque. In some implementations, rectifier 126 may be omitted. Although shown as different components, some components may be packaged or implemented on the same hardware. For example, in some implementations, appliance controller 136 and a power receiving controller (not shown) may be implemented. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 95 / 172 11 / 59 as a single controller. The 136 appliance controller, or any combination thereof, may be implemented as a microcontroller, dedicated processor, integrated circuit, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other suitable electronic device.

[037] An interface space 190 may demarcate a space between the Power Transmitter 102 and the Power Receiver 118. For example, the interface space may include a surface of the Power Transmitter 102 on which the Power Receiver 118 may be placed. A distance between the primary coil 104 and the secondary coil 120 may include a thickness of a surface in the interface space 190. During wireless power transfer, the primary coil 104 may induce a magnetic field (called the primary magnetic field) across the interface space 190 and into an operating environment in which the secondary coil 120 is placed. Thus, the “operating environment” is defined by the primary magnetic field in the system, where the primary magnetic field of a primary coil 104 is detectably present and may detectably interact with the secondary coil 120.

[038] Power controller 108 can detect the presence or proximity of a Power Receiver 118. This detection can occur during a periodic ping process of the first communication interface 114 on the Power Transmitter 102. During the ping process, the first communication interface 114 can also supply power (via the first communication coil 116) to the second communication interface 132 (via the second communication coil 134) when Power Receiver 118 is nearby. The second communication interface 132 can “wake up” and turn on the appliance controller 136 and can send a response signal back to the first communication interface 114. Before the power transfer, a handshake process can occur. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 96 / 172 12 / 59 during which the 108 power controller can receive configuration data related to the receiver's power rating, among other information.

[039] Different cordless devices have different load types, different load states, and different power requirements, or may require power at a specific voltage and frequency. For example, a cordless blender may include a variable motor load that has multiple user-selectable load states to control the motor speed. Depending on the load state, the cordless blender may require different power levels to operate. In another example, a cordless kettle may include a resistive load that has different load states to control the temperature. In yet another example, an air fryer may be a composite load device and may operate a heater, a fan, or both, at various operating periods.Each type of load (such as a motor, resistive load, heater, fan, or any combination thereof) may require different amounts of power to operate based on the current state of load or state of charge. Furthermore, cordless devices may exhibit different levels of voltage gain from a primary coil to a receiving coil at different primary coil excitation frequencies (such as a wireless power transfer frequency), depending on the type of load or state of load. For example, to achieve a desired load voltage, a cordless blender may operate best at a first operating frequency for a first state of load, such as a low motor speed setting. However, as the state of load changes, the cordless blender may not achieve the same load voltage when operated at the first operating frequency.For example, the first operating frequency may facilitate an initial voltage gain when the cordless blender is set to an initial load state (such as a low speed setting), but the first operating frequency may provide a smaller voltage gain when the cordless blender is set to a higher speed. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 97 / 172 13 / 59 a second definition (such as a higher speed definition). The load definition 164 may indicate a current state of charge or a power required for the load to operate in the state of charge.

[040] Power controller 108 can control wireless power characteristics that Power Transmitter 102 provides to Power Receiver 118. After detecting Power Receiver 118, power controller 108 can receive configuration data from a Power Receiver 118. For example, power controller 108 can receive configuration data during a handshake process with Power Receiver 118. Power controller 108 can use the configuration data to determine at least one operating parameter (such as frequency, duty cycle, voltage, etc.) for wireless power generated by the power transmitter circuit 110. The operating parameter can be adjusted based on feedback information from Power Receiver 118 during wireless power transfer in response to a change in the state of load or the power requirement of the load 130.Thus, the power controller 108 can provide wireless power that enables relatively efficient operation of the Power Receiver 118. For example, the transmission controller can configure the wireless power to enable the Power Receiver to operate at peak efficiency for a given state of load, load voltage, and operating K-factor.

[041] Power Transmitter 102 and Power Receiver 118 may implement a control architecture to manage wireless power transfer. The control architecture may define how power requirements are communicated and how an operating point of the Power Transmitter is controlled. In some implementations, the control architecture may be based on static power control (called a “type 1 control architecture” or “type 1”). In some implementations, the control architecture may be based on control of Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 98 / 172 14 / 59 dynamic power (referred to as “type 0 control architecture” or “type 0”). An apparatus implementing type 1 control architecture may have a fixed load, may not include measurement circuitry, typically does not employ auxiliary data transfer, and may require only minimal functionality in order to contain manufacturing costs. Type 1 control architecture may rely on a control loop from Power Transmitter 102 without feedback from Power Receiver 118. An apparatus implementing type 0 control architecture may have a static or dynamic load and may implement a controller to generate a power request message during power transfer, as well as measurement circuitry for proper control of its load. This disclosure includes examples of both type 0 and type 1 control architectures related to transitions between various operational phases.

[042] In some implementations, the first communication interface 114 can communicate with a Power Receiver by transmitting a wireless communication signal and detecting changes in the wireless communication signal that represent information communication. The first communication interface 114 can support NFC Tag Type 2 specifications or NFC Tag Type 4A specifications, as specified by an NFC specification. During a power transfer phase, the communications carrier and the power signal can be active. Due to the frequency range used for the power signal, the intermodulation products of the two signals result in interference that disrupts reliable NFC communication. To avoid this undesirable effect, the power signal can be switched off periodically for short time intervals. The time intervals can be called communication time intervals.Typically, communication time intervals can occur relative to a zero-crossing event associated with an AC cycle from an AC power grid or wall outlet. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p. 99 / 172 15 / 59

[043] The second communication interface 132 can support either Type 2 NFC Tag specifications or Type 4A NFC Tag specifications, as specified by an NFC specification. In some implementations, the wireless communication unit is configured to communicate with the Power Transmitter by storing information on a passive tag (such as a Type 2 NFC Tag) that can be read by a Power Transmitter's wireless communication interface. Alternatively, the wireless communication unit can be configured to communicate with the Power Transmitter by transmitting information (such as using a Type 4A NFC Tag) in a wireless communication signal to the Power Transmitter's wireless communication interface.

[044] Figure 2 shows a message flowchart 200 of an exemplary wireless power transmission process. Referring to Figure 2, a Power Transmitter 102 detects that a Power Receiver 118 is located in a charging area in standby mode (operation 205). There may be several methods for detecting the Power Receiver 118 by the Power Transmitter 102, and not limited to one specific method in the present disclosure. As an example, the Power Transmitter 102 may detect that the Power Receiver 118 is located in a charging area by periodically emitting an analog ping of a specific frequency and, based on the detection current for this, resonance shift or capacitance change.As another example, Power Transmitter 102 can periodically transmit a detection signal, and Power Receiver 118 can transmit a response signal (e.g., a control error packet or a signal strength packet). Power Transmitter 102 can detect that Power Receiver 118 is located in the loading area based on receiving the response signal within a predetermined time period after the detection signal. For example... Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 100 / 172 16 / 59 For example, Power Receiver 118 can transmit a search signal or an advertisement signal to Power Transmitter 102. The search signal or advertisement signal can traditionally be transmitted using short-range radio frequency communication (such as NFC or Bluetooth™). Power Transmitter 102 can detect Power Receiver 118 based on receiving the search signal or advertisement signal.

[045] In some implementations, as a preparatory step for a wireless power transmission, Power Transmitter 102 may optionally transmit an information request signal to Power Receiver (operation 210). The information request signal may be a signal to request an ID and request power information from Power Receiver 118. As an example, the information request signal may be transmitted in the form of a data packet message. As another example, the information request signal may be transmitted in the form of a digital ping according to a predefined pattern between Power Transmitter 102 and Power Receiver 118. In response to the information request signal, Power Receiver 118 may optionally transmit the ID and configuration information to Power Transmitter 102 (operation 220).For example, configuration information may include a requested power amount or a maximum power amount supplied to Power Receiver 118. In some implementations, configuration information may include a nominal power value associated with the load or load operation. In some implementations, configuration information may also include a time parameter. For example, the time parameter may indicate an expected time for the Power Receiver to complete the operation based on the nominal power value. In some implementations, the information request signal and the ID and configuration information may be... Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 101 / 172 17 / 59 communicated using out-of-band communication (separate from the wireless power signal), such as NFC or Bluetooth.

[046] Based on the ID and configuration information, Power Transmitter 102 configures parameters (called operational points) for power transmission and performs a wireless power transmission to Power Receiver 118 (operation 230). For example, Power Transmitter can create a power transmission contract based on the ID and configuration information and can control the wireless power transmission according to the power transmission contract. The process, performed by Power Transmitter 102, from the beginning to the end of the wireless power transmission to the Power Receiver, can be called the (wireless) power transfer phase 235. In some implementations, Power Receiver 118 can supply the received wireless power to an external load, such as a heating element, motor, or battery, among other examples.In some implementations, an operation of the Power Receiver 118 may be based on external load and a user-configurable setting. For example, the operation may include boiling water, toasting bread, or cooking food. In other examples, the operation may be based on charging a battery or other energy storage device to a desired level.

[047] Power Transmitter 102 can monitor power transmission parameters (operation 245) and can abort wireless power transmission (operation 250) when any of the parameters exceed a declared limit. Alternatively, the wireless power transmission process of operation 230 can be terminated by a request from Power Receiver 118. For example, Power Receiver 118 can transmit a signal to request the termination of wireless power transmission to Power Transmitter 102 when Power Receiver 118's operation is complete. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 102 / 172 18 / 59

[048] During the power transfer phase 235, Power Receiver 118 periodically transmits power control communications to Power Transmitter 102 (shown in operations 240-1, 240-2, 240-3 and 240-4). Examples of a power control communication may include a control error packet (CEP), a power request message or a status message, among other examples. This is done to control the amount of power that is transmitted from Power Transmitter 102 to Power Receiver 118, i.e., to perform power control.

[049] In some respects, Power Transmitter 102 monitors a status field of the power control communications and checks for an indicator showing communication errors (operation 245). If the indicator persists for a timeout, Power Transmitter 102 will stop transmitting power (operation 250) to Power Receiver 118 and will enter the reset state.

[050] Figure 3 shows a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary Power Transmitter 300. The Power Transmitter 300 may be an example of the Power Transmitter 102 described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, respectively. The Power Transmitter 300 may include a power supply 302, which is shown as an AC power supply. However, the power supply 302 may be a DC power supply or any other suitable power supply. The power supply 302 may be connected to a rectifier 304 (which may also be called a bridge rectifier or other related terms). Rectifier 304 can be connected to capacitor 306. Rectifier 304 can supply DC power to a first switch 316 and a second switch 318. The first switch 316 and the second switch 318 together form an inverter 311 that generates an AC voltage from the DC power.The first switch 316 and the second switch 318 can be transistors of. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 103 / 172 19 / 59 Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) or insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), among other examples. A first pulse-width modulator (PWM) driver 312 can be connected to the first switch 316, and a second PWM driver 314 can be connected to the second switch 318. The power controller 108 can be connected to the first PWM driver 312 and the second PWM driver 314. The power controller 108 can control the PWM drivers 312 and 314 to cause wireless power transmission according to a desired operating duty cycle, or operating frequency, among other examples. Power Transmitter 300 may include other components (such as capacitors 320) in the path between the power supply 302 and a primary coil 322. Rectifier 304, capacitor 306, switches 316 and 318, and capacitors 320 may be collectively referred to as power transmitter (PTx) circuit 350.The 108 power controller controls one or more components of the PTx 350 circuit to manage wireless power transmission.

[051] The power controller 108 can exchange communications with a Power Receiver by means of a communication unit. The communication unit may include a communication interface 326, a communication controller (not shown), or other component connected to a communication coil 328. In some implementations, the communication interface 326 and the communication coil 328 are configured to communicate using an NFC communication protocol. In some implementations, the communication interface 326 and the power controller 108 may be placed on a common processor or chip.

[052] The power controller 108 can detect the Power Receiver near the primary coil 322 and conduct a communication process during which the power controller 108 receives information from the Power Receiver. The power controller 108 can receive the information through the interface of Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 104 / 172 20 / 59 communication 326. In some implementations, the information may include one or more reference control parameters, such as operating frequencies of the Power Receiver at different reference coupling factors (K-factors), load voltages, and load powers of the Power Receiver. In some implementations, the information may indicate a load type and a load state for a variable load associated with the Power Receiver. The load state represents the combined state of the load voltage and the corresponding load power of the device. The power controller 108 can use this information to provide wireless power that has characteristics that enable the Power Receiver to operate. For example, the power controller 108 can determine an operating parameter and provide wireless power by controlling the first and second PWM drivers (312 and 314, respectively) based on the operating parameter.The PWM drivers (312 and 314, respectively) can operate the first switch 316 and the second switch 318. The first switch 316 and the second switch 318 can energize the primary coil 322 in a way that transmits wireless power according to the operating parameter to a secondary coil of the Power Receiver.

[053] The Power Transmitter 300 may include a measuring unit 308. The measuring unit 308 may measure one or more characteristics (such as voltage, current, or both) through the PTx circuit 350. In some implementations, the measuring circuit may be connected to the rectifier (as on the power supply side 302, as shown in Figure 3, or on the wireless power transmission circuit side). In some implementations, the measuring unit 308 may be configured to measure both voltage and current through the rectifier 304 or the inverter 311.

[054] Figure 4 shows a block diagram that conceptually illustrates an exemplary 400 Power Receiver. The 400 Power Receiver can be Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 105 / 172 21 / 59 an exemplary Power Receiver 118 described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3. The Power Receiver 400 includes a secondary coil 402. The secondary coil 402 can be connected to a rectifier 404 and a capacitor 406. In some implementations, the secondary coil 402 is connected to the rectifier 404 by means of a series capacitor (not shown), a series commutator (not shown) or other electrical components. The rectifier 404 can be electrically coupled to the load 408 or to an energy storage device (not shown, such as a battery) by means of a series commutator (not shown). In some implementations, the rectifier 404, the capacitor 406, or both, may be absent from the Power Receiver, depending on the type of load 408 (such as heating elements). The 400 Power Receiver may also include a 426 communication interface, which may include a second 428 communication coil.The 426 communication interface can be connected to a 424 receiver (RX) controller.

[055] The receiver controller 424 can receive various information and determine a control error value, a power request value, or other feedback to communicate with a Power Transmitter via the communication interface 426. In Figure 4, the dashed lines represent control or information lines to distinguish them from the solid lines that represent electrical circuit lines. The control or information lines may include electrical connections to or from a receiver controller 424 and other components of the Power Receiver 400. In some implementations, the receiver controller 424 may receive information indicating load settings, power requirements, or power estimates from a load controller (not shown) connected to the load 408. The receiver controller 424 may also receive voltage information from a voltage sensor 414 that is connected to the rectifier 404.The voltage information may indicate a voltage available for the 408 load. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 106 / 172 22 / 59

[056] The RX 424 controller can also communicate with a Power Transmitter via the 426 communication interface. In some implementations, the RX 424 controller can obtain configuration data from a memory (not shown). The configuration data can be transmitted via the 426 communication interface to the Power Transmitter. The RX 424 controller can also obtain information indicating load states and / or power estimates from a charge controller (not shown) or user interface (not shown). At various times before, during, or after wireless power transfer, the 426 communication interface can transmit to the Power Transmitter the configuration data, voltage measurement information, coupling information, power request information, load voltage information, the load state mentioned above, among other examples.The load definition can be a user-selectable setting, such as a temperature setting, cooking time, or motor speed setting, among other examples. In some implementations, the configuration data may include a rated power value and a time parameter associated with a 408 load operation. For example, the time parameter might indicate an expected time to boil water, toast bread, or cook food based on the load definition. In some cases, the RX 424 controller may transmit some or all of the configuration data to the transmission controller during a handshake process, as described in this document. In some cases, the RX 424 controller may transmit feedback information to a Power Transmitter.Feedback information may include one or more load states, a reference voltage, an estimate of power or load demand, coupling factor information, load voltage information, a fault state (when detected by the exemplary 400 Power Receiver), or any combination thereof. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 107 / 172 23 / 59

[057] A PTx controller (not shown) of the Power Transmitter can modify the wireless power transmitted to the Power Receiver 400 based on feedback information. The communication interface 426 can be configured to communicate messages to the Power Transmitter during predetermined communication intervals. For example, communication intervals can be determined based on a synchronization unit (not shown), clock, or other device. For example, communication intervals can occur at times when there is no switching on the Power Transmitter and can be determined when the voltage picked up by the coil (on the secondary coil 402) is zero.

[058] Figure 5 shows an exemplary state diagram of the 500 system with exemplary power negotiation operations. The 500 system state diagram consists of five main states: standby state 510, discovery state 520, connected state 530, power state 540, and reset state 550. The Power Transmitter enters the standby state 510 when the user connects it to the power grid. In the standby state 510, the Power Transmitter searches for the presence of a valid receiver. The Power Transmitter remains in the standby state 510 waiting for an event that causes the transition to the discovery state 520. Examples of such events include user interaction with the Power Transmitter or the detection of a Power Receiver. For example, if the Power Transmitter detects the placement of a Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter transitions to the discovery state 520.

[059] In discovery state 520, the Power Transmitter performs object classification and obtains configuration information about a detected device. For example, the Power Transmitter can perform Near Field Communication (NFC) object classification and NFC activation to read a static configuration via NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF). If an NFC-A device is found, the Power Transmitter reads the NDEF record. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 108 / 172 24 / 59 to determine if the NFC-A device is a Power Receiver and to retrieve static configuration information.

[060] After successful discovery of a Power Receiver during discovery state 520, the Power Transmitter transitions to connected state 530. In this state, the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver exchange information to negotiate parameters related to wireless power transfer or wireless charging.

[061] A brief description of power negotiation follows. The Power Receiver may communicate a Requested Power negotiation value to the Power Transmitter. The Requested Power negotiation value may be based on the nominal power of the load. The Power Receiver and the Power Transmitter may negotiate a Guaranteed Power based on the Requested Power negotiation value and the available power of the Power Transmitter. The Power Transmitter may accept the Requested Power negotiation value as Guaranteed Power or reject it. For example, the Power Transmitter may accept the Requested Power negotiation value as Guaranteed Power if the available power is greater than the sum of the Requested Power negotiation value and an estimated power transmission loss (PTx loss). Alternatively, there may be cases where the Power Transmitter cannot accept the Requested Power negotiation value.For example, the Power Transmitter might determine that the available power is less than the sum of the Requested Power negotiation value and the estimated PTx loss. The Power Transmitter might communicate a message to the Power Receiver indicating that the Power Transmitter rejects the Requested Power negotiation value. In some implementations, the Power Receiver might communicate a subsequent Requested Power negotiation value and expect an acceptance or rejection of the Requested Power negotiation value as the Guaranteed Power. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 109 / 172 25 / 59 In some implementations, the Power Transmitter can calculate an alternative power negotiation value that the Power Transmitter can satisfy based on the Available Power. The Power Transmitter can communicate the alternative power negotiation value (sometimes called the suggested power negotiation value) to the Power Receiver. The Power Receiver can respond with an acknowledgment if it accepts the alternative power negotiation value as the Guaranteed Value.

[062] Once the Guaranteed Power has been negotiated, the Power Transmitter may reserve a Negotiated Power (based on a sum of the Guaranteed Power and the estimated PTx loss) from the Available Power, thereby reducing the power for other Power Transmitters sharing the total power supply. Each Power Transmitter may conduct similar power negotiations (and Negotiated Power reservations) with its respective Power Receivers using the remaining Available Power after reservations from other Power Transmitters. Because the Negotiated Power accounts for the estimated PTx loss, the total power usage by multiple Power Transmitters will not exceed the Maximum Power of the power supply.

[063] Starting from the connected state 530, the Power Receiver can request that the Power Transmitter move to the power state 540, the standby state 510, or the reset state 550. In the power state 540, the Power Transmitter can perform Foreign Object Detection (FOD) operations and then apply the power signal to wirelessly transmit power to the Power Receiver, repeating this cycle during the power state 540. Communication or FOD is performed during intervals in the power signal. Some examples of communication in the power state 540 may be relevant to power control. For example, during the power state 540, the Power Receiver can communicate a Power Request (P request) message (some Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 110 / 172 26 / 59 times called “Requested Power” or CTRL / rpl) to cause the Power Transmitter to adjust the power level of the wireless power transfer to the Power Receiver. The Requested Power during the power transfer phase cannot exceed the Guaranteed Power previously negotiated between the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver. Communication or FOD may result in movement to a different state.

[064] In the 550 reset state, the Power Transmitter stops communication and power delivery to the Power Receiver, and the system is reset. During this reset, the Power Transmitter suspends communication and power transfer for a reset timeout period (e.g., 500 ms) before transitioning to the 520 discovery state. The reset timeout period can be used by the Power Receiver to complete a reset.

[065] Examples of conditions that may cause a system to transition to the 550 reset state include: • The Power Transmitter or Power Receiver detects a communication error. • The Power Receiver is removed. • The Power Receiver disconnects from a load on the Power Receiver during power transfer.

[066] Figure 6 shows a block diagram 600 that conceptually illustrates a communication protocol. A Power Transmitter 102 can communicate with a Power Receiver 118. The communication protocol can include a message 620 from Power Transmitter 102 to Power Receiver 118 or a message 610 from Power Receiver 118 to Power Transmitter 102, or both. This disclosure includes several enhancements to the communication protocol to support various features of a power system. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 111 / 172 27 / 59 wireless. In some implementations, the communication protocol is implemented using NFC communication units in Power Transmitter 102 and Power Receiver 118. In some implementations, communications between Power Transmitter 102 and Power Receiver 118 can be performed using READx and WRITEx commands. Power Transmitter 102 can issue a READx command to retrieve a message frame from Power Receiver 118. Power Transmitter 102 can issue a WRITEx command to send a message frame to Power Receiver 118.

[067] Figure 7A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an exemplary 700 message encapsulation technique for a Power Receiver to indicate status. In some respects, a 708 communication message frame provided to the Power Transmitter by the Power Receiver in response to a READx command may include one or more 706 messages. A 706 message may include a corresponding 704 payload. Additionally, the 708 message frame from the Power Receiver to a Power Transmitter includes a 710 status field (such as PRx status) that is provided before one or more 706 messages.

[068] Figure 7B is a conceptual diagram illustrating an exemplary Power Receiver Status field for a Power Receiver to indicate status. Status field 720 in Figure 7B may be an implementation of status field 710 in Figure 7A.

[069] The 720 status field may include one or more indicators. In some implementations, the 720 status field is a byte with several bits allocated for a status value or indicator. In some examples, the 722 status flags of the 720 status field may include one or more of the following flags / values ​​for the Power Receiver: Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 112 / 172 28 / 59 • PSTP: Power Stop Request (request by the Power Receiver during power transfer, indicating that the Power Transmitter should stop transferring power). • COMM_ERR: Communication error detected. • LD_CNCTD: status indicating whether the Power Receiver load is connected or disconnected.

[070] The example PRx status indicators are provided for pedagogical purposes and are not intended to be an exhaustive or exclusive list. Furthermore, some implementations may omit or include several example PRx status indicators described in this document. In some respects, a no-power bit (NPB) may be used instead of the PSTP (power stop) bit to indicate that the receiver cannot receive power from the transmitter.

[071] Figure 8A is an 800 flowchart showing exemplary operations for interpreting Power Receiver Status indicators by a Power Transmitter. A Power Transmitter may receive a communication message from a Power Receiver (block 802). The communication message may include a status field indicating the Power Receiver Status. The status field may include several Power Receiver Status indicators. For example, the status field may include the indicators described above in relation to Figures 7A and 7B.

[072] After receiving the message, the Power Transmitter can control a state transition based on a first status field indicator that shows whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter and a second status field indicator that shows whether a communication error has occurred (block 804).

[073] Figure 8B is a flowchart 820 that shows example operations for interpreting Power Receiver Status indicators by Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 113 / 172 29 / 59 a Power Transmitter while the Power Transmitter is in a connected state. A Power Transmitter can receive a communication message from a Power Receiver (block 824). The communication message may include a status field indicating the Power Receiver Status. The status field may include several indicators of the Power Receiver Status. In the example shown in Figure 8B, a first indicator indicates that the Power Receiver should not receive power from the Power Transmitter. A second indicator may indicate that there is no communication error between the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver.

[074] The indicator that the Power Receiver should not receive power from the Power Transmitter may indicate that the Power Receiver cannot transition from the connected state to the on state. The Power Receiver may indicate that it should not receive power from the Power Transmitter for several reasons. For example, a fault in the Power Receiver may prevent it from accepting or being able to use the power transmitted by the Power Transmitter. As another example, the Power Receiver may be a hybrid device that is capable of receiving power from a wired source (e.g., a power grid) or can receive power from a wireless source (e.g., the Power Transmitter). When the Power Receiver is receiving power from a wired source, the Power Receiver may indicate that it should not receive power from the Power Transmitter because it is already receiving power from a different source, for example, the wired source.

[075] After receiving the message from the Power Receiver indicating that the Power Transmitter should not transmit power to the Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter may send a message to the Power Receiver requesting a transition to a power saving mode (block 826). In some implementations compliant with the Wireless Power Specification Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 114 / 172 30 / 59 In Ki Cordless Kitchen, the Power Transmitter can send a “NEXT / stb” message (indicating a state transition request and indicating that the next requested state is the standby state) to the Power Receiver to request that the Power Receiver agree to a transition to the standby state. The sender of a “NEXT” message requests that the receiver move to another state or initiate an action. The receiver of a NEXT message will typically acknowledge the request (positive or negative) by responding with a reply message (“RESP”). For example, the Power Receiver may agree that the Power Transmitter (and the Power Receiver) move to the standby state. Alternatively, the Power Receiver may indicate that it does not agree to the transition to the standby state, in which case the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver will remain in the connected state.

[076] The Power Transmitter can check if the Power Transmitter receives a response to the message requesting transition to a power saving mode (decision block 828). For example, the Power Transmitter can request that the Power Receiver transition to a standby state. If the Power Transmitter does not receive a response to the request (branch “NO” of block 828), the Power Transmitter can enter the standby state (block 832).

[077] If the Power Transmitter receives a response to the request (branch “YES” of block 828), the Power Transmitter can determine if the Power Receiver’s response to the message indicates that the Power Receiver agrees to the transition to power saving mode (block 830). If the Power Receiver indicates that it agrees to the transition to power saving mode (branch “YES” of block 830), the Power Transmitter enters standby mode (block 832). Upon entering standby mode, the Power Transmitter releases any reserved power to the receiver, thereby increasing Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 115 / 172 31 / 59 of that is the power that can be consumed by other transmitters that share the same source.

[078] If the Power Receiver's response to the request indicates that the Power Receiver does not agree to transition to power saving mode (branch “NO” of block 830), the Power Transmitter may wait for a predetermined time (block 834) and return to block 826 to repeat the request to transition to power saving mode. For example, the Power Receiver may be experiencing a transient or temporary fault condition, such as overheating, overvoltage, overcurrent, or another transient event. The Power Receiver may wish to wait until the transient fault is eliminated, after which it may request that the Power Transmitter re-enter the power state. As another example, the Power Receiver may be waiting for user input. After receiving user input, the Power Receiver may request that the Power Transmitter enter the power state.In this case of waiting for user input, if the waiting time exceeds a certain limit, the Power Receiver can send a response (received by the Power Transmitter in block 828) indicating that the Power Receiver agrees that the transmitter should move to the waiting state in block 832.

[079] Because the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver remain in the connected state during the process of repeating the transition request to power saving mode, communications between the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver can continue and, if the fault is cleared, the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver can resume power transmission and reception without needing to enter a reset state, thereby saving time and resources.

[080] Figure 8C is a flowchart 840 that shows example operations for interpreting Power Receiver Status indicators by Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 116 / 172 32 / 59 a Power Transmitter while the Power Transmitter is in a power state. A Power Transmitter can receive a communication message from a Power Receiver (block 844). The communication message may include a status field indicating the Power Receiver Status. The status field may include several indicators of the Power Receiver Status. In the example shown in Figure 8C, a first indicator indicates that the Power Receiver no longer wishes to receive power from the Power Transmitter. A second indicator may indicate that there is no communication error between the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver. The indicator that the Power Receiver is not receiving power from the Power Transmitter may indicate that the Power Receiver is experiencing a fault or other condition that prevents the Power Receiver from operating.

[081] After receiving the message from the Power Receiver indicating that the Power Transmitter should not transmit power to the Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter may stop transmitting power to the Power Receiver and enter a connected state (block 846). In some respects, the Power Transmitter stops transmitting power to the Power Receiver 20 ms after receiving the communication message.

[082] The Power Transmitter can send a message to the Power Receiver requesting a transition to a power saving mode (block 848). In some implementations compliant with the Ki Cordless Kitchen wireless power specification, the Power Transmitter can send a “NEXT / stb” message to the Power Receiver to request a transition to a standby state.

[083] The Power Transmitter can check if the Power Transmitter receives a response to the message requesting the transition to power saving mode (decision block 850). For example, the Power Transmitter can Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 117 / 172 33 / 59 request transition to a standby state. If the Power Transmitter does not receive a response to the request (branch “NO” of block 850), the Power Transmitter may enter the standby state (block 854). The Power Transmitter also releases the power reserved for the receiver to a common pool that can be used by other transmitters, for example, transmitters that share a common source.

[084] If the Power Transmitter receives a response to the request (branch “YES” of block 850), the Power Transmitter can determine whether the Power Receiver’s response to the request indicates that the Power Receiver agrees to the transition to power saving mode (block 852). If the Power Receiver indicates that it agrees to the transition to power saving mode (branch “YES” of block 852), the Power Transmitter enters standby mode (block 854).

[085] If the Power Receiver's response to the request indicates that the Power Receiver does not agree to transition to power saving mode (branch “NO” of block 852), the Power Transmitter may wait for a predetermined time (block 856) and return to block 826 to repeat the request to transition to power saving mode. For example, the Power Receiver may be experiencing a transient or temporary fault condition, such as overheating, overvoltage, overcurrent, or another transient event. The Power Receiver may wish to wait until the transient fault is cleared, after which it may request that the Power Transmitter re-enter the power state. As another example, the Power Receiver may be waiting for user action to clear the fault. After receiving user input, the Power Receiver may request that the Power Transmitter re-enter the power state. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 118 / 172 34 / 59

[086] Because the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver remain in the connected state during the process of repeating the transition request to power saving mode, communications between the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver can continue and, if the fault is cleared, the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver can resume power transmission and reception without needing to enter a reset state, thereby saving time and resources.

[087] Figure 8D is an 860 flowchart showing exemplary operations for interpreting Power Receiver Status indicators by a Power Transmitter when the Power Receiver is experiencing communication errors. In some implementations, the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver may be in the connected state or the power state. A Power Transmitter may receive a communication message from a Power Receiver (block 862). The communication message may include a status field indicating the Power Receiver Status. The status field may include several indicators of the Power Receiver Status. In the example shown in Figure 8D, a first indicator indicates that the Power Receiver no longer wishes to receive power from the Power Transmitter. The second indicator may indicate that there is a communication error between the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver.

[088] In this example, the Power Receiver uses the first indicator and the second indicator to indicate that the Power Receiver is experiencing persistent communication errors. The Power Transmitter may enter a reset state (block 864). Entering the reset state can be advantageous as it can release power resources associated with the Power Receiver experiencing persistent communication errors, so that the power resource can be made available for use by other Power Receivers. In some respects, Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 119 / 172 35 / 59 The Power Receiver can detect a persistent communication error based on a number of unsuccessful communication attempts that exceed a predetermined or configurable threshold. For example, the Power Receiver can detect a persistent communication error after five unsuccessful communication attempts. In some respects, the Power Receiver can detect a persistent communication error when it fails to make a successful communication attempt after a predetermined or configurable timeout period. For example, the Power Receiver can detect a persistent communication error after 100 ms without a successful communication attempt. In some respects, the Power Transmitter monitors the status field of a communication message from the Power Receiver and checks the status field for the second indicator that indicates communication errors.If the error persists for a timeout, the Power Transmitter will cut power to the receiver (if it is in the power state) and move the entire system to the reset state. The Power Transmitter can do this without waiting for the Power Receiver to adjust the first indicator showing that it should cut power.

[089] Figure 9A is a flowchart 900 that shows exemplary operations for configuring Power Receiver Status indicators by a Power Receiver. The Power Receiver can determine a current operating condition of the Power Receiver (block 902). For example, the Power Receiver can determine if there is any fault in the Power Receiver's operation. In the case of the Power Receiver being a hybrid receiver that can receive power via wireless power transfer or via a wired source (e.g., a power grid).

[090] The Power Receiver can define, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, a first indicator of a status field of a communication message and a second indicator of the status field of Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 120 / 172 36 / 59 communication message, where the first indicator shows whether the Power Receiver can receive power from a Power Transmitter and the second indicator shows whether a communication error has occurred (block 904).

[091] The Power Receiver can provide the communication message to a Power Transmitter (block 906).

[092] The Power Receiver may receive a message from the Power Transmitter requesting a transition to a power saving mode if the Power Receiver has set the first indicator to show that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and the second indicator to show that no communication error has occurred (block 908).

[093] Figure 9B is a flowchart 920 showing exemplary operations for setting Power Receiver Status indicators by a Power Receiver while the Power Receiver is in a connected state or in a power state. The Power Receiver can detect that there is a condition in the operation of the Power Receiver that prevents power transfer from the Power Transmitter to the Power Receiver (block 922). For example, a fault in the operation of the Power Receiver can prevent power transfer. The Power Receiver can be a hybrid receiver that can receive power via wireless power transfer or via a wired source (e.g., a power grid). When receiving power via a wired source, the Power Receiver can prevent wireless power transfer from the Power Transmitter.

[094] The Power Receiver can send a communication message to the Power Transmitter with a status field that has indicators defined to indicate that there is a condition that prevents power transfer to the Power Receiver (block 924). For example, the Power Receiver can define a first indicator in the communication message status field and a Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 121 / 172 37 / 59 second indicator of the communication message status field, where the first indicator shows whether the Power Receiver can receive power from a Power Transmitter and the second indicator shows whether a communication error has occurred.

[095] The Power Receiver can determine a current state of the Power Receiver (block 926). If the Power Receiver is in a connected state (the “CONNECTED” branch of block 926), the Power Receiver can wait for the condition to be resolved.

[096] If the condition is not resolved, the Power Receiver may receive a message requesting a transition to a power saving mode from the Power Transmitter. For example, the Power Transmitter may send a “NEXT / stb” message to the Power Receiver in implementations compliant with the Ki Cordless Kitchen Wireless Power Specification. In some respects, the Power Receiver itself may send a message to transition to power saving mode (not shown in the flowchart).

[097] The Power Transmitter can send a message to the Power Receiver requesting a transition to a power saving mode if the Power Receiver has set the first indicator to show that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and the second indicator to show that no communication error has occurred. The Power Receiver can check if such a request was received from the Power Transmitter (block 932). If the Power Receiver received a message requesting a transition to a power saving mode (branch “YES” of block 932), the Power Receiver can respond to the request to transition to power saving mode (block 940). If the response in block 940 indicates that the Power Receiver agrees to the transition to power saving mode (branch “YES” of block 942), the Power Receiver can enter the mode of Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 122 / 172 38 / 59 Power saving (block 944). For example, the Power Receiver may enter a standby state. If the response in block 940 indicates that the Power Receiver does not agree to the transition to power saving mode (branch “NO” of block 942), the method returns to block 924 to send a subsequent message to the Power Transmitter with the first indicator set to indicate that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and the second indicator to indicate that no communication error occurred.

[098] If the Power Receiver has not received a request to transition to power saving mode (branch “NO” of block 932), the Power Receiver may return to block 924 to send a subsequent message to the Power Transmitter. As mentioned earlier, in some cases (not shown in the flowchart), the Power Receiver itself may send a message requesting the transition to power saving mode.

[099] If the Power Receiver is in a power state (the “POWER” branch of block 926), the Power Receiver can wait for a period of time T1 (block 934). In some implementations, T1 may be in a range of 5 ms to 30 ms, for example, 20 ms.

[0100] The Power Receiver can then enter a connected state (block 936) when the Power Transmitter stops power transfer within period T1.

[0101] In some respects, the Power Receiver opens an electrical connection between the Power Receiver and a Power Receiver load (e.g., a battery). For example, the Power Receiver may wait until a time period T2 (block 937) and may open a safety retransmission (block 938) at the end of the time period T2. The Power Receiver may open the safety retransmission within the time period T2 as soon as the transfer Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 123 / 172 39 / 59 of the Power Transmitter's power is stopped. In some implementations, T2 may be in a range of 25 ms to 60 ms, for example, 40 ms.

[0102] The Power Transmitter can send a message to the Power Receiver requesting a transition to a power saving mode. The Power Receiver can check if such a request was received from the Power Transmitter (block 939). If the Power Receiver has received a message requesting a transition to a power saving mode (branch “YES” of block 939), the Power Receiver can respond to the request to enter a power saving mode (block 940). If the Power Receiver has not received a message requesting a transition to a power saving mode (branch “NO” of block 939), the method returns to block 924 to send a subsequent message to the Power Transmitter. In some cases (not shown in the flowchart), the Power Receiver itself can send a message requesting a transition to power saving mode.

[0103] If the response in block 940 indicates that the Power Receiver agrees to the transition to power saving mode (branch “YES” of block 942), the Power Receiver can enter power saving mode (block 944). For example, the Power Receiver can enter standby mode. If the response in block 940 indicates that the Power Receiver does not agree to the transition to a power saving mode (branch “NO” of block 942), the method returns to block 924 to send a subsequent message to the Power Transmitter.

[0104] In some implementations, the Power Receiver can determine, at any point in the method illustrated in Figure 9B, whether the condition that prevents the Power Receiver from receiving power from the Power Transmitter still exists. For example, overheating, overvoltage, overcurrent, or another potentially transient condition may no longer be present. As another example, a Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 124 / 172 40 / 59 A hybrid Power Receiver can be removed from a wired power source, thereby allowing wireless power transfer to occur. If the condition preventing wireless power transfer is eliminated, the Power Receiver can request that the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver enter the power state.

[0105] Figure 9C is a flowchart 960 that shows example operations for configuring Power Receiver Status indicators by a Power Receiver when the Power Receiver is experiencing persistent communication errors. In some implementations, the operations illustrated in Figure 9C can be performed when the Power Receiver is in the connected state or the power state. The Power Receiver can detect that there is a persistent communication error in the Power Receiver (block 962).

[0106] The Power Receiver can send a communication message to the Power Transmitter with a status field with indicators set to indicate that there is a condition preventing power transfer to the Power Receiver and that the Power Receiver is experiencing a persistent communication error (block 964). For example, the Power Receiver can set a first indicator in the communication message's status field to indicate that the Power Receiver should not receive power from the Power Transmitter and set the second indicator in the status field to indicate that the Power Receiver is experiencing persistent communication errors. The two indicators can cause the Power Transmitter to enter a reset state upon receiving a message with a status field with both indicators set.As mentioned earlier, in some cases, the Power Transmitter may monitor the communication error status indicator and, if the indicator is set for more than one timeout, then, without waiting for the Power Receiver to set the first indicator indicating that the Receiver... Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 125 / 172 41 / 59 Power cannot receive power, it can stop the power (if it is in the power state) and cause the system to enter the Reboot state.

[0107] Figures 10-13 are timing diagrams illustrating various state transitions that can occur during the operation of a wireless power transmission system, including a Power Transmitter (e.g., Power Transmitter 102, 300) and a Power Receiver (e.g., Power Receiver 118, 400). In the examples shown in Figures 10-13, the geometric axis x 1010 represents time. The example timing diagrams in Figures 10 to 13 are discussed in the context of the Ki Cordless Kitchen Wireless Power Specification. However, the techniques described herein can be easily applied to other wireless power transfer specifications.

[0108] Figure 10 is a 1000 timing diagram illustrating a first example of state transitions in a wireless power system. The 1000 timing diagram shown in Figure 10 illustrates examples of state transitions in a wireless power system that occur in the absence of faults in the Power Receiver that could prevent the Power Receiver from entering the power state. In the example in Figure 10, the 1000 timing diagram begins with the discovery state (also known as the “discovery phase”) at time To. The discovery state goes from To to T1. While the Power Receiver and Power Transmitter are in the discovery state, a user can place a device (e.g., the Power Receiver) near the Power Transmitter. The Power Transmitter detects that an object has been placed near it and attempts to use NFC techniques to read NDEF data from the object.As discussed above, NDEF data can identify the object (e.g., the device) as a Power Receiver eligible to receive Power from the Power Transmitter. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 126 / 172 42 / 59

[0109] After the Power Transmitter recognizes the Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver transition to the connected state (also known as the “connected phase”). The connected state goes from Ti to T2. While connected, the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver negotiate various power transmission parameters, including the guaranteed power. The Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver can exchange messages as part of the power negotiation process. In the example shown in Figure 10, there are no faults occurring in the Power Receiver, so the PSTP and COMM_ERR bits are not set in the Power Receiver Status field. During the connected state, the user can power on the device. The Power Receiver can send a “NEXT / pow” message to the Power Transmitter instructing the Power Transmitter to transition to the power state (also known as the power phase).Additionally, the Power Transmitter can obtain the Power Receiver Status. Again, no fault occurred, so the PSTP and COMM_ERR bits of the status field remain clear.

[0110] The power state runs from T2 onwards. During the power state, power is wirelessly transferred from the Power Transmitter to the Power Receiver. Power can be managed during the power state using “ctrl” messages.

[0111] Figure 11 is a 1100 timing diagram illustrating a second example of state transitions in a wireless power system. The 1100 timing diagram shown in Figure 11 illustrates examples of state transitions in a wireless power system that occur when a fault in the Power Receiver prevents the Power Receiver from entering the power state from the connected state. In the example in Figure 11, the 1100 timing diagram begins at time To with the Power Transmitter (and the Power Receiver) in the standby state (also known as the “standby phase”). The standby state Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 127 / 172 43 / 59 goes from To to T1. In some cases, the Power Receiver may be absent from the interface surface and the system may enter the discovery phase when the Power Receiver is placed on the interface surface, as shown in Figure 11.

[0112] The discovery state goes from Ti to T2. The Power Transmitter detects that an object has been placed near it and attempts to use NFC techniques to read NDEF data from the object. As discussed above, the NDEF data can identify the object (e.g., the device) as a Power Receiver eligible to receive Power from the Power Transmitter.

[0113] After the Power Transmitter recognizes the Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver enter the connected state (also known as the “connected phase”). The connected state runs from T2 to T8. At the beginning of the connected state, that is, near T2, the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver negotiate, and the Power Transmitter reserves negotiated power from the AC power grid for the Power Receiver. This is not shown in Figure 11. In the example shown in Figure 11, a fault or status change occurs at T3. As a result of the fault, the Power Receiver indicates that power must be stopped, i.e., the Power Transmitter should not begin transmitting a power signal to the Power Receiver. The Power Receiver sets the PSTP bit to 1 to indicate the power stop request and clears the COMM_ERR bit to indicate that there is no communication error.At time T4, the Power Transmitter receives a message from the Power Receiver where the Power Receiver Status field of the message has the PSTP bit set. At time T5, the Power Transmitter sends a “NEXT / stb” message to the Power Receiver requesting whether the Power Transmitter can enter a standby state. The Power Receiver receives the NEXT / stb message and at time T6 acknowledges the message, indicating that the Power Receiver agrees to transition. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 128 / 172 44 / 59 for the standby state. At time T7, the Power Transmitter receives confirmation and transitions to the standby state. The Power Transmitter can release the negotiated power reserved for the Power Receiver. Although not shown in Figure 11, if the operational state is the power state compared to the connected state shown in Figure 11, when the Power Receiver detects a fault, it can initiate a power stop by setting the PSTP bit in the status. This can cause the Power Transmitter to stop transmitting power to the Power Receiver and move to the connected state. After this move to the connected state, the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver protocol follows that of time T5 to T8 in Figure 11.In other words, the Power Transmitter can send Next / stb to request the receiver to move to the connected state, and if the Power Receiver accepts, it will acknowledge the request at T6 and the system will enter standby mode at T7.

[0114] Figure 12 is a 1200 timing diagram illustrating a third example of state transitions in a wireless power system. The 1200 timing diagram shown in Figure 12 illustrates examples of state transitions in a wireless power system that occur when a fault in the Power Receiver prevents it from transitioning to the power state. In the example in Figure 12, when notified of the fault, the Power Transmitter issues a request for the Power Receiver to enter a power saving mode. In this example, the Power Receiver responds “No” to the request.

[0115] In the example in Figure 12, the 1200 timing diagram starts at time To with the Power Transmitter in standby mode. The standby mode goes from To to T1.

[0116] The discovery state goes from Ti to T2 when a user places a device (e.g., the Power Receiver) near the Transmitter. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 129 / 172 45 / 59 Power. The Power Transmitter detects that an object has been placed near it and attempts to use NFC techniques to read NDEF data from the object. As discussed above, the NDEF data can identify the object (e.g., the device) as an eligible Power Receiver to receive Power from the Power Transmitter.

[0117] After the Power Transmitter recognizes the Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver enter the connected state (also known as the “phase connected”). The connected state runs from T2 to T8. At the beginning of the connected state, that is, near T2, the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver negotiate, and the Power Transmitter reserves negotiated power from the AC power grid for the Power Receiver. This is not shown in Figure 12. In the example shown in Figure 12, a fault occurs at T3. As a result of the fault, the Power Receiver indicates that power must be stopped. The Power Receiver sets the PSTP bit to 1 to indicate the power stop request and clears the COMM_ERR bit to indicate that there is no communication error. At time T4, the Power Transmitter receives a message from the Power Receiver where the Power Receiver Status field of the message has the PSTP bit set.At time T5, the Power Transmitter sends a “NEXT / stb” message to the Power Receiver, indicating that the Power Receiver should enter a standby state. In this example, the Power Receiver receives the NEXT / stb message and at time T6 responds to the message, indicating that the Power Receiver will not switch to the standby state (NOK or “NOT OKAY” message). At time T7, the Power Transmitter receives the NOK message from the Power Transmitter and waits for action from the Power Receiver. For example, the Power Transmitter might wait for the Power Receiver to resolve a transient fault, be disconnected from a wired source, or for a user action to occur on the Power Receiver. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 130 / 172 46 / 59 can periodically repeat the NEXT / stb message, and if a NOK message is received from the Power Receiver, the Power Transmitter can continue waiting for an action from the Power Receiver. If the Power Transmitter receives an ACK or does not receive a response, it can enter the waiting state. Although not shown in Figure 12, if the operational state is the power state instead of the connected state shown in Figure 12, when the Power Receiver detects a fault, it can initiate a power stop that sets the PSTP bit in the status. This will cause the Power Transmitter to stop powering the receiver and move to the connected phase. After this move to the connected phase, the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver protocol follows that of time T5 to T8 in Figure 12, that is, the Power Transmitter can issue a Next / stb command to request that the Power Receiver transition to the connected state.If the Power Receiver rejects the request, it may reject it at T6. For example, the Power Receiver may send a “not ok” (NOK) at T6. In some cases, if the Power Transmitter has waited for a timeout with the Power Receiver rejecting the request to transition to standby mode, the Power Transmitter may voluntarily enter standby mode without having to wait for permission from the Power Receiver.

[0118] Figure 13 is a 1300 timing diagram illustrating a fourth example of state transitions in a wireless power system. The 1300 timing diagram shown in Figure 13 illustrates examples of state transitions in a wireless power system where the Power Receiver detects persistent communication errors. The 1310 x geometric axis is not necessarily the same time scale as the 1010 x geometric axis.

[0119] In the example in Figure 13, the 1300 timing diagram starts at time To with the Power Transmitter and Power Receiver in standby mode. The standby mode lasts from To to T1. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 131 / 172 47 / 59

[0120] The discovery state goes from Ti to T2 when a user places a device (e.g., the Power Receiver) near the Power Transmitter. The Power Transmitter detects that an object has been placed near it and attempts to use NFC techniques to read NDEF data from the object. As discussed above, the NDEF data can identify the object (e.g., the device) as a Power Receiver eligible to receive Power from the Power Transmitter.

[0121] After the Power Transmitter recognizes the Power Receiver, at time T2 the Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver transition to the connected state (also known as the “connected phase”). The Power Transmitter and the Power Receiver perform a power negotiation at the beginning of the connected phase, that is, near T2 (not shown in Figure 13). In the example shown in Figure 13, the Power Receiver detects that there are persistent communication errors. As a result of the communication errors, the Power Receiver indicates that it is necessary to stop the power supply. The Power Receiver sets the PSTP bit to 1 to indicate the power stop request and also sets the COMM_ERR bit to indicate that there are persistent communication errors. At time T4, the Power Transmitter receives a message from the Power Receiver where the Power Receiver Status field of the message has the PSTP bit set and the COMM_ERR bit set.In some respects, the Power Transmitter waits 20 ms and at time T5, the Power Transmitter transitions to the reset state. Following the reset procedures that go from time Tx to T(x 1), the Power Transmitter can transition to the discovery state. The Power Receiver is also reset and moves to the discovery state. In some respects, when performing the Reset, the Power Transmitter releases the reserved power to the Power Receiver. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 132 / 172 48 / 59

[0122] Figure 14 shows a block diagram of an exemplary device for use in a wireless power system. In some implementations, device 1400 may be a Power Transmitter (such as Power Transmitter 102) described in this document. In some implementations, device 1400 may be an example of either Power Transmitter 102 or 300, or either of the Power Controllers 108 described with reference to any of the Figures described in this document. Device 1400 may include a Processor 1402 (possibly including multiple processors, multiple cores, multiple nodes, or implementing multithreading, etc.). Device 1400 may also include a Memory 1406. Memory 1406 may be system memory or any one or more of the possible computer-readable media realizations described in this document.The 1400 device may also include a 1411 bus (such as PCI, ISA, PCI-Express, HyperTransport®, InfiniBand®, NuBus®, AHB, AXI, etc.).

[0123] The 1400 device may include one or more 1462 controller(s) configured to manage multiple primary or secondary coils (such as a 1464 coil set). In some implementations, the 1462 controller(s) may be distributed within the 1402 processor, 1406 memory, and 1411 bus. The 1462 controller(s) may perform some or all of the operations described in this document. For example, the 1462 controller(s) may be a transmission controller, such as any of the transmission controllers described in this document.

[0124] Memory 1406 may include computer instructions executable by processor 1402 to implement the functionality or techniques of the implementations described with reference to Figures 1-7, 8A-8C, 9A, 9B, and 10-12. Any of these functionalities may be partially (or fully) implemented in hardware or in processor 1402. For example, the functionality Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 133 / 172 49 / 59 can be implemented with an application-specific integrated circuit, in logic implemented in the 1402 processor, in a coprocessor in a peripheral device or card, etc. Furthermore, embodiments may include fewer components or additional components not illustrated in Figure 14. The 1402 processor, the 1406 memory, and the 1462 controller(s) can be coupled to the 1411 bus. Although illustrated as being coupled to the 1411 bus, the 1406 memory can be coupled to the 1402 processor.

[0125] Figures 1 to 14 and the operations described in this document are examples intended to aid in understanding illustrative implementations and should not be used to limit potential implementations or limit the scope of the claims. Some implementations may perform additional operations, fewer operations, operations in parallel or in a different order, and some operations in a different manner.

[0126] The above discussion was presented in the context of a Power Receiver Status field that has a first indicator and a second indicator that can be combined as an indicator that a Power Receiver can receive power from a Power Transmitter. However, the techniques can be easily adapted to a separate bit that serves as an indicator that a Power Receiver can receive power from a Power Transmitter. For example, a “power reception enable” bit in the Power Receiver Status can be used instead of the PSTP and COMM_ERR bits. Furthermore, the techniques described in this document can be applied using other bit combinations of the Power Receiver Status field.

[0127] Additionally, the above discussion was presented in the context of wireless power systems in wireless kitchen environments. However, the techniques disclosed in this document can be easily applied to other environments. For example, the techniques discussed in this document can be Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 134 / 172 50 / 59 applies to light electric vehicles (EVs), which generally include vehicles with batteries of less than five kWh and motor power of less than 10 kW. Examples of such vehicles include micromobility vehicles, such as electric bicycles and electric scooters; electric two- or three-wheeled vehicles (ePTW), such as mopeds, scooters and rickshaws; MicroEVs, such as electric microcars, low-speed electric vehicles, neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs), electric quadricycles; electric transporters, such as electric forklifts and electric golf carts with batteries of less than 120 V.

[0128] Other environments include automated guided vehicles (AGVs), commercial drones, garden appliances such as electric lawnmowers, and larger appliances such as vacuum cleaners.

[0129] The aforementioned revelation provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form revealed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above revelation or may be acquired from the practice of the aspects. Although the aspects of the revelation have been described in terms of various examples, any combination of aspects from any of the examples is also within the scope of the revelation. The examples in this revelation are provided for pedagogical purposes. Alternatively or in addition to the other examples described in this document, the examples include any combination of the following implementation options (listed as clauses for clarity). CLAUSES

[0130] Clause 1. A method of a Power Transmitter (PTx) in a wireless power system that includes: receiving, from a Power Receiver (PRx) in the wireless power system, a communication message that includes a status field indicating the status of the Power Receiver, wherein the status field includes a plurality of indicators of the Power Receiver's status; and controlling Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 135 / 172 51 / 59 a state transition based on a first status field indicator that shows whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter and a second status field indicator that shows whether a communication error has occurred.

[0131] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, which additionally includes: providing, to the Power Receiver by the Power Transmitter, a first message requesting the transition to a standby state when the first indicator has a first value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter, wherein the second indicator has a second value indicating that a communication error has not occurred and the current state of the Power Transmitter is a connected state.

[0132] Clause 3. The method of clause 2, which additionally includes: receiving a response to the first message from the Power Receiver; and transitioning, through the Power Transmitter, from the connected state to the standby state when the response indicates that the Power Receiver agrees to the transition to the standby state.

[0133] Clause 4. The method of clause 2, which additionally includes: transitioning, by the Power Transmitter, from the connected state to the standby state when the Power Transmitter fails to receive a response to the first message from the Power Receiver.

[0134] Clause 5. The method of clause 2, which additionally includes: receiving a response to the first message from the Power Receiver; and when the response to the first message from the Power Receiver indicates that the Power Receiver does not agree to the transition to the waiting state, the Power Transmitter performs operations including: waiting for a predetermined period of time and providing, to the Power Receiver by the Power Transmitter, a second message requesting the transition to the waiting state. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 136 / 172 52 / 59

[0135] Clause 6. The method of clause 1, which additionally includes: when the first indicator has a first value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter, the second indicator has a second value indicating that a communication error has not occurred, and a current state of the Power Transmitter is a power state, the Power Transmitter performs operations including: terminating the power transfer to the Power Receiver by the Power Transmitter, transitioning, by the Power Transmitter, from the power state to a connected state; and providing, to the Power Receiver, a first message requesting the transition to a standby state.

[0136] Clause 7. The method of clause 6, which additionally includes: receiving a response to the first message from the Power Receiver; and transitioning, through the Power Transmitter, from the connected state to the standby state when the response indicates that the Power Receiver agrees to the transition to the standby state.

[0137] Clause 8. The method of clause 6, which additionally includes: transitioning, by the Power Transmitter, from the power state to the standby state when the Power Transmitter fails to receive a response to the first message from the Power Receiver.

[0138] Clause 9. The method of clause 6, which additionally includes: receiving a reply to the first message from the Power Receiver; and when the reply to the first message indicates that the Power Receiver does not agree to the transition to the waiting state, the Power Transmitter performs operations including: waiting for a predetermined period of time and providing the Power Receiver with a second message requesting the transition to the waiting state.

[0139] Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 1 to 9, which additionally includes: transitioning, through the Power Transmitter, to a reset state when the first indicator has a first value indicating that the Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 137 / 172 53 / 59 The Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter, and the second indicator has a second value indicating that a communication error has occurred.

[0140] Clause 11. A method of a Power Receiver in a wireless power system, including: determining, by the Power Receiver, a current operating condition of the Power Receiver; defining, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, a first indicator of a status field of a communication message and a second indicator of the status field of the communication message, wherein the first indicator indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from a Power Transmitter and the second indicator indicates whether a communication error has occurred; providing the communication message to the Power Transmitter of the wireless power system;and receive, from the Power Transmitter, a message requesting a transition to a waiting state when the first indicator has a value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and the second indicator has a value indicating that no communication error has occurred.

[0141] Clause 12. The method of clause 11, wherein a current state of the Power Receiver includes a connected state, wherein the current operating condition of the Power Receiver includes a fault condition that prevents the Power Receiver from transitioning from the connected state to a power state, and wherein the definition, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, of the first status field indicator and the second status field indicator includes: setting the first indicator to the first value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and setting the second indicator to the second value indicating that a communication error has not occurred.

[0142] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, which additionally includes: continuing to define the first indicator of the status field in one or more first Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 138 / 172 54 / 59 subsequent communication messages sent to the Power Transmitter for the first value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter while the current operating condition includes the fault condition, wherein the definition, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, of the first status field indicator and the second status field indicator of the communication message includes setting the first status field indicator in one or more subsequent communication messages sent to the Power Transmitter to a third value indicating that the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter when the current operating condition indicates that the fault condition has been eliminated.

[0143] Clause 14. The method of clause 11, wherein the Power Receiver is able to receive power by means of a wired source and by means of wireless power transmission from the Power Transmitter, wherein a current state of the Power Receiver includes a connected state, wherein the definition, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, of the first status field indicator and the second status field indicator includes: setting the first indicator to the first value which indicates that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and setting the second indicator to the second value which indicates that a communication error has not occurred when the Power Receiver is receiving power by means of the wired source.

[0144] Clause 15. The method of clause 14, which additionally includes: continuing to set the first status field flag in one or more subsequent first communication messages sent to the Power Transmitter to the first value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter while the Power Receiver is receiving power through the wired source; and setting the first status field flag in one or more subsequent second communication messages. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 139 / 172 55 / 59 sent to the Power Transmitter for a third value indicating that the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter when the Power Receiver is no longer receiving power through the wired source.

[0145] Clause 16. The method of clause 11, wherein a current state of the Power Receiver includes a power state, wherein the current operating condition of the Power Receiver includes a fault condition, and wherein the definition, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, of the first status field indicator and the second status field indicator includes: setting the first indicator to the first value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and setting the second indicator to the second value indicating that no communication error has occurred.

[0146] Clause 17. The method of clause 16, which additionally includes: transitioning from the power state to a connected state after a first predetermined period of time has elapsed.

[0147] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, which additionally includes: opening an electrical connection from the Power Receiver to a load after a second predetermined period of time has elapsed.

[0148] Clause 19. The method of clause 18, where the first predetermined time period includes a first time value within a first range including 5 ms - 40 ms and the second predetermined time period includes a second time value within a second range including 25 ms - 60 ms.

[0149] Clause 20. The method of any of clauses 11-19, which additionally includes: providing the Power Transmitter with a response to the message requesting the transition to the waiting state.

[0150] Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 11 to 20, wherein the current operating condition includes a persistent communication error, wherein the definition, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, of Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 140 / 172 56 / 59 The first status field indicator and the second status field indicator include: setting the first indicator to a value that indicates that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter and setting the second indicator to a value that indicates that a communication error has occurred, where the Power Transmitter is configured to transition to a reset state when the first indicator is set to the first value and the second indicator is set to the second value.

[0151] Clause 22. A Power Transmitter that includes: a controller configured to perform any of the methods in clauses 1 to 10.

[0152] Clause 23. A Power Receiver that includes: a controller configured to perform any of the methods in clauses 11 to 21.

[0153] Another innovative aspect of the matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as a computer-readable means that stores instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods or features mentioned above described in this document.

[0154] Another innovative aspect of the matter described in this disclosure can be implemented as a system that has the means to implement any of the methods or resources mentioned above described in this document.

[0155] As used in this document, a phrase referring to “at least one of” or “one or more of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including individual members. For example, “at least one of: a, b or c” is intended to cover the possibilities of: only a, only b, only c, a combination of a and b, a combination of a and c, a combination of b and c, a combination of a and b and c.

[0156] The various illustrative components, logic, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations and algorithm processes described in connection with the Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 141 / 172 57 / 59 implementations disclosed in this document may be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or combinations of hardware, firmware, or software, including the structures disclosed in this descriptive report and their structural equivalents. The interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been described in a general way, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various components, blocks, modules, circuits, and illustrative processes described above. The implementation of this functionality in hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0157] The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative components, logic, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or realized with a general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), distinct gate logic or transistor, distinct hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors together with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some implementations, specific processes, operations, and methods may be performed by a set of circuits specific to a given function.

[0158] As described above, some aspects of the subject matter described in this descriptive report can be implemented as software. For example, several Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 142 / 172 58 / 59 Functions of components disclosed herein, or various blocks or steps of a method, operation, process, or algorithm disclosed herein, may be implemented as one or more modules of one or more computer programs. Such computer programs may include processor-executable or computer-executable non-transient instructions, encoded in one or more tangible, processor-readable or computer-readable storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus, including the components of the devices described herein.By way of example, and not limitation, such storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other media that can be used to store program code in the form of instructions or data structures. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of storage media.

[0159] Several modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to persons with ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles set forth herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but are intended to have the broader scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles, and the new features disclosed herein.

[0160] Additionally, several features described in this descriptive report in the context of separate implementations may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, several features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 143 / 172 59 / 59 Thus, although features may be described above as acting in specific combinations, and even initially claimed as such, one or more features of a claimed combination may, in some cases, be excluded from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

[0161] Similarly, although operations are represented in the drawings in a specific order, this should not be understood as a requirement that such operations be performed in the specific order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the drawings may schematically represent one or more example processes in the form of a flowchart or flow diagram. However, other operations not described may be incorporated into the schematically illustrated example processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.Furthermore, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the program and system components described can generally be integrated into a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pages 144 / 172

Claims

1 / 9 CLAIMS 1. A Power Transmitter (PTx) method in a wireless power system CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: receiving, from a Power Receiver (PRx) in the wireless power system, a communication message including an indicator that indicates that a communication error has occurred; detecting a persistent communication error based, at least in part, on the indicator; and transitioning to a reset state when the persistent communication error has occurred.

2. Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the indicator is defined to indicate that the communication error occurred in response to the detection of a plurality of unsuccessful communication attempts.

3. Method, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the plurality of unsuccessful communication attempts comprises five unsuccessful communication attempts.

4. Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that: detecting the persistent communication error comprises detecting the persistent communication error after a limit number of communication errors have occurred.

5. Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the indicator comprises a first indicator included in a communication message status field, wherein the status field additionally includes a second indicator that indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter and Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 145 / 172 2 / 9 wherein the method additionally comprises transitioning to the reset state when the first indicator indicates that a communication error has occurred and the second indicator indicates that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter.

6. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the indicator comprises a first indicator included in a status field of the communication message, and in that the status field additionally includes a second indicator that indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter, wherein the method further comprises: providing, to the Power Receiver by the Power Transmitter, a first message requesting the transition to a standby state when the first indicator has a first value indicating that the communication error has not occurred, the second indicator has a second value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter, and a current state of the Power Transmitter is a connected state.

7. Method, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: transitioning, by the Power Transmitter, from the connected state to the standby state when the Power Transmitter receives a response to the first message indicating that the Power Receiver agrees to the transition to the standby state or when the Power Transmitter fails to receive the response to the first message from the Power Receiver.

8. Method according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: receiving a response to the first message from the Power Receiver; and Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p. 146 / 172 3 / 9 when the response to the first message from the Power Receiver indicates that the Power Receiver does not agree to the transition to the waiting state, the Power Transmitter performs operations comprising: waiting for a predetermined period of time and providing, to the Power Receiver by the Power Transmitter, a second message requesting the transition to the waiting state.

9. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the indicator comprises a first indicator included in a status field of the communication message, and in that the status field additionally includes a second indicator that indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter, wherein the method further comprises: when the first indicator has a first value indicating that the communication error has not occurred, the second indicator has a second value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter, and a current state of the Power Transmitter is a power state, the Power Transmitter performs operations comprising: terminating the power transfer to the Power Receiver by the Power Transmitter, transitioning, by the Power Transmitter, from the power state to a connected state;and provide the Power Receiver with an initial message requesting a transition to a standby state.

10. Method, according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: transitioning, by the Power Transmitter, from the connected state to the standby state when the Power Transmitter receives a response to the first Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page 147 / 172 4 / 9 message from the Power Receiver indicating that the Power Receiver agrees to the transition to the standby state or when the Power Transmitter fails to receive the response to the first message from the Power Receiver.

11. Method according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: when a response to the first message indicates that the Power Receiver does not agree to the transition to the waiting state, the Power Transmitter performs operations comprising: waiting for a predetermined period of time and providing the Power Receiver with a second message requesting the transition to the waiting state.

12. Method of a Power Receiver in a wireless power system CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: determining, by the Power Receiver, a current operating condition of the Power Receiver; defining, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, an indicator that indicates whether a communication error has occurred; and providing a communication message including the indicator to a Power Transmitter of the wireless power system; wherein the indicator is defined to indicate that the communication error has occurred in response to the detection that the current operating condition comprises a persistent communication error.

13. Method according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that the detection that the current operating condition comprises the persistent communication error comprises the detection of a limit number of unsuccessful communication attempts. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 148 / 172 5 / 9 14. A method, according to any one of claims 12 or 13, CHARACTERIZED in that the indicator comprises a first indicator included in a communication message status field, and in that the status field additionally includes a second indicator that indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter, wherein the method further comprises setting the second indicator to indicate that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter in response to the detection that the current operating condition comprises the persistent communication error.

15. A method, according to any one of claims 12 or 13, CHARACTERIZED in that the indicator comprises a first indicator included in a status field of the communication message, and in that the status field additionally includes a second indicator that indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter, wherein the method further comprises receiving, from the Power Transmitter, a message requesting transition to a standby state when the status field in the message provided to the Power Transmitter comprises the first indicator set to a first value indicating that the communication error has not occurred and the second indicator set to a second value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter.

16. Method, according to claim 12 or 13, CHARACTERIZED in that a current state of the Power Receiver comprises a connected state, wherein the current operating condition of the Power Receiver comprises a fault condition that prevents the Power Receiver from transitioning from the connected state to a power state, wherein the indicator comprises a first indicator, wherein the first indicator is included in a field of Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, page.149 / 172 6 / 9 communication message status, wherein the status field additionally includes a second indicator indicating whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter, and wherein the definition, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, of the first indicator of the status field and the second indicator of the status field comprises: setting the first indicator to a first value indicating that the communication error did not occur and setting the second indicator to a second value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter.

17. Method according to claim 16, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: continuing to set the second indicator of the status field in one or more subsequent communication messages sent to the Power Transmitter to the second value indicating that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter while the current operating condition comprises the fault condition; and setting the second indicator in one or more subsequent communication messages sent to the Power Transmitter to a third value indicating that the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter when the current operating condition indicates that the fault condition has been eliminated.

18. Method, according to claim 12 or 13, CHARACTERIZED in that the indicator comprises a first indicator, wherein the first indicator is included in a status field of the communication message, wherein the status field additionally includes a second indicator that indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter, wherein the Power Receiver is capable of receiving power through a wired source and through wireless power transmission from the Power Transmitter, and wherein Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p. 150 / 172 7 / 9 The definition, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, of the first status field indicator and the second status field indicator comprises: setting the second indicator to indicate that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter when the Power Receiver is receiving power through the wired source.

19. Method according to claim 18, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: continuing to set the second status field indicator in one or more subsequent communication messages sent to the Power Transmitter to indicate that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter while the Power Receiver is receiving power through the wired source; and setting the second status field indicator in one or more subsequent communication messages sent to the Power Transmitter to indicate that the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter when the Power Receiver is no longer receiving power through the wired source.

20. Method, according to any one of claims 12 or 13, CHARACTERIZED in that the indicator comprises a first indicator, wherein the first indicator is included in a status field of the communication message, wherein the status field additionally includes a second indicator that indicates whether the Power Receiver can receive power from the Power Transmitter, wherein a current state of the Power Receiver comprises a power state, wherein the current operating condition of the Power Receiver comprises a fault condition, and wherein the definition, based on the current operating condition of the Power Receiver, of the first indicator of the status field and the second indicator of the status field comprises: Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, p.151 / 172 8 / 9 set the first indicator to show that the communication error did not occur and set the second indicator to show that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter.

21. Method according to claim 20, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: transitioning from the power state to a connected state after a first predetermined period of time has elapsed.

22. Method according to claim 21, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: opening an electrical connection of the Power Receiver to a load after a second predetermined period of time has elapsed.

23. Method according to claim 22, CHARACTERIZED in that the first predetermined time period comprises a first time value within a first range comprising 5 ms - 40 ms and the second predetermined time period comprises a second time value within a second range comprising 25 ms - 60 ms.

24. Method, according to any one of claims 15 to 23, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: setting the second indicator to a value that indicates that the Power Receiver cannot receive power from the Power Transmitter when the current operating condition comprises the persistent communication error.

25. Power Transmitter CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a controller configured to perform any of the methods as defined in claims 1 to 11.

26. Power Receiver CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 152 / 172 9 / 9 a controller configured to perform any of the methods as defined in claims 12 to 24. Petition 870250079701, dated 05 / 09 / 2025, pp. 153 / 172

Images