COMPUTER APPARATUS, METHOD AND PROGRAM

Abstract

There is provided a method, computer program and apparatus for causing a user equipment to perform: implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network, the means for implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being able to perform simultaneous measurements for serving and another carrier, the another carrier being a dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation target carrier; determining, following an idle and / or an inactive mode of operation, initiating a connection; and implementing a measurement behaviour starting from the determining, the measurement behaviour configured to reduce setup delay with respect to the implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

Description

1 / 53 COMPUTER APPARATUS, METHOD AND PROGRAM Field of dissemination

[001] The examples described in this invention generally refer to computer apparatus, methods and programs and, more particularly (but not exclusively) to computer apparatus, methods and programs for apparatus. Background

[002] A communication system can be viewed as a facility that enables communication sessions between two or more entities, such as communication devices, base stations and / or other nodes, by providing carriers between the various entities involved in the communication path.

[003] The communication system may be a wireless communication system. Examples of wireless systems include public terrestrial mobile networks (PLMN) that operate based on radio standards, such as those provided by 3GPP, satellite-based communication systems, and various wireless local area networks, for example, wireless local area networks (WLANs). Wireless systems can typically be divided into cells and are therefore often referred to as cellular systems.

[004] The communication system and associated devices typically operate according to a given standard or specification that outlines what the various entities associated with the system are permitted to do and how this should be achieved. Communication protocols and / or parameters to be used for the connection are also typically defined. Examples of standards are the so-called 5G standards.

[005] A terminal may be called user equipment (UE) or a user device. A terminal is provided with a signal receiving and transmitting apparatus suitable for enabling wireless communications, by Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 212 / 264 2 / 53 For example, enabling access to a communication network or direct communications with other terminals. The terminal can access a carrier provided by a base station, for example, a base station of a radio access network, and transmit or receive, or transmit and receive communications on the carrier.

[006] A communication system and its associated compatible terminals typically operate according to a given standard or specification that sets out what various network entities within the communication system are permitted to do and how this should be achieved. Communication protocols, or parameters, or protocols and parameters to be used for communications are also typically defined. An example of a communication system is the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) (e.g., a communication system that uses 3G radio access technology). Other examples of communication systems are so-called 4G systems (e.g., communication systems that operate using 4G radio access technology) and 5G or New Radio (NR) systems (e.g., communication systems that operate using 5G or NR radio access technology).The radio access technologies used by communication systems are standardized by the 3GPP (3G Generation Partnership) project. Summary

[007] According to one aspect, a method is provided for an apparatus for a communication network, the method comprising: implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communication network, implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communication network, being capable of performing simultaneous measurements to serve, and another carrier, the other carrier being a dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation destination carrier; Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 213 / 264 3 / 53 determine, after an idle and / or inactive operating mode, the start of a connection; and implement a measurement behavior based on the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce the preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

[008] Implementing a measurement behavior based on determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may further comprise: determining that the device has no detected cells with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; measuring the second carrier based on at least a time period determined for primary synchronization signal detection or secondary synchronization signal detection.

[009] Implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being able to perform simultaneous measurements for at least one frequency band may include implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being able to perform simultaneous measurements for at least two frequency bands, and the second link of the dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation employs a second frequency band.

[010] The time period specified can be an integer without synchronization gaps multiplied by a measurement timing setting based on synchronization signal block or synchronization signal block period for a measured cell.

[011] The integer without synchronization gaps can be 24.

[012] Implement a measurement behavior from the Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 214 / 264 4 / 53 determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may further comprise: determining that the device has one or more cells detected with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; measuring the second link based on a measurement time period.

[013] Implementing a measurement behavior based on determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may further comprise: determining that the device has valid measurements with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; and reporting the valid measurements without measurement time period delay.

[014] Implementing a measurement behavior based on determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may further comprise: determining that the device has valid measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and measuring the second link based on a measurement time period.

[015] The determined measurement time period can be a gapless measurement integer multiplied by a measurement timing setting based on Synchronization Signal Block or Synchronization Signal Block period for a measured cell.

[016] The integer without measurement gaps can be a first value when Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 215 / 264 5 / 53 the measured cell is reported and a second value, otherwise.

[017] The first value can be: 0 when a cell index is not acquired and there is a first TssB_time_index_emr_inter value of 10 samples; 3 when a cell index is not acquired and there is a second TssB_time_index_emr_inter value of 40 samples; and 0 when a cell index is acquired.

[018] The second value could be 24.

[019] Implementing a measurement behavior based on determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may further comprise: determining that the device has invalid or incomplete measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and validating, over a validation time period, the invalid or incomplete measurements.

[020] Implementing a measurement behavior based on determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may further comprise: determining that the device has invalid or incomplete measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and measuring the second link based on an index read time period.

[021] The index read time period can be a gapless integer of index read period multiplied by a measurement timing setting period based on Synchronization Signal Block or based on Signal Block for a measured cell.

[022] The integer without gaps for index read period can be a first value when the measured cell is reported and a second value if Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 216 / 264 6 / 53 contrary.

[023] The first value can be 0.

[024] The second value can be one of: 6; 5; 4; 3; 2; and 1.

[025] Implementing a measurement behavior based on determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may further comprise: determining that the device has measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and further measuring the second link based on an index read time period, validating, over a validation time period, an additional set of measurements.

[026] The index read time period can be a gapless integer of the index read period multiplied by a measurement timing setting period based on the Synchronization Signal Block, the gapless integer of the index read period being a first value.

[027] The first value may be 12. According to a second aspect, a device is provided for a communications network, the device comprising means for: implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network, the means for implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements to serve, and another carrier, the other carrier being a destination carrier of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; determining, after an idle and / or inactive operating mode, the start of a connection; and implementing a measurement behavior from the determination, the behavior of Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 217 / 264 7 / 53 measurement configured to reduce setup delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

[028] The means to implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may additionally be to: determine that the device has no detected cell with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; measure the second carrier based on at least a time period determined for primary synchronization signal detection or secondary synchronization signal.

[029] The means for implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being able to perform simultaneous measurements for at least one frequency band can additionally be for implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being able to perform simultaneous measurements for at least two frequency bands, and the second link of the dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation employs a second frequency band.

[030] The time period specified can be an integer without synchronization gaps multiplied by a measurement timing setting based on synchronization signal block or synchronization signal block period for a measured cell.

[031] The integer without synchronization gaps can be 24.

[032] The means to implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 218 / 264 8 / 53 Dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation may additionally be used to: determine that the device has one or more cells detected with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; measure the second link based on a measurement time period.

[033] The means to implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may additionally be to: determine that the device has valid measurements with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; and report the valid measurements without measurement time period delay.

[034] The means to implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may additionally be to: determine that the device has valid measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and measure the second link based on a measurement time period.

[035] The determined measurement time period can be a gapless measurement integer multiplied by a measurement timing setting based on Synchronization Signal Block or Synchronization Signal Block period for a measured cell.

[036] The integer without measurement gaps can be a first value when the measured cell is reported and a second value otherwise.

[037] The first value can be: 0 when a cell index is not acquired and there is a first TssB_time_index_emr_inter value of 10 samples; 3 when Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 219 / 264 9 / 53 a cell index is not acquired and there is a second value TSsB_time_index_emr_interde 40 samples; and 0 when a cell index is acquired.

[038] The second value could be 24.

[039] The means to implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation additionally, may additionally be to: determine that the device has invalid or incomplete measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and validate, over a validation time period, the invalid or incomplete measurements.

[040] The means to implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may additionally be to: determine that the device has invalid or incomplete measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and measure the second link based on an index read time period.

[041] The index read time period can be a gapless integer of index read period multiplied by a measurement timing setting period based on Synchronization Signal Block or based on Signal Block for a measured cell.

[042] The integer without gaps of index read period can be a first value when the measured cell is reported and a second value otherwise.

[043] The first value can be 0. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 220 / 264 10 / 53

[044] The second value can be one of: 6; 5; 4; 3; 2; and 1.

[045] The means to implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may additionally be to: determine that the device has measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and additionally measure the second link based on an index read time period, validating, over a validation time period, an additional set of measurements.

[046] The index read time period can be a gapless integer of the index read period multiplied by a measurement timing setting period based on the Synchronization Signal Block, the gapless integer of the index read period being a first value.

[047] The first value may be 12. According to a third aspect, a device is provided for a communication network, the device comprising at least one processor and at least one memory that stores instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the device to at least perform: implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communication network, implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communication network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements to serve, and another carrier, the other carrier being a destination carrier of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; determine, after an idle and / or inactive operating mode, the start of a connection; and implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce preparation delay. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 221 / 264 11 / 53 with regard to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

[048] The device made to perform the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may additionally be made to perform: determination that the device has no detected cells with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; measuring the second carrier based on at least a time period determined for primary synchronization signal detection or secondary synchronization signal detection.

[049] The device carried out to perform dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation implementation within a communications network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements for at least one frequency band may be carried out to perform dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation implementation within a communications network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements for at least two frequency bands, and the second link of the dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation employs a second frequency band.

[050] The time period specified can be an integer without synchronization gaps multiplied by a measurement timing setting based on synchronization signal block or synchronization signal block period for a measured cell.

[051] The integer without synchronization gaps can be 24.

[052] The device is designed to implement a measurement behavior based on the determination, the measurement behavior is configured to reduce any setup or resumption delay. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 222 / 264 12 / 53 with regard to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation may additionally be required to perform: determining that the device has one or more cells detected with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; measuring the second link based on a measurement time period.

[053] The device made to perform the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may additionally be made to perform: determination that the device has valid measurements with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; and report the valid measurements without measurement time period delay.

[054] The device made to perform a measurement behavior based on the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation may additionally be made to perform: determination that the device has valid measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and measuring the second link based on a measurement time period.

[055] The determined measurement time period can be a gapless measurement integer multiplied by a measurement timing setting based on Synchronization Signal Block or Synchronization Signal Block period for a measured cell.

[056] The integer without measurement gaps can be a first value when the measured cell is reported and a second value otherwise. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 223 / 264 13 / 53

[057] The first value can be: 0 when a cell index is not acquired and there is a first TssB_time_index_emr_inter value of 10 samples; 3 when a cell index is not acquired and there is a second TssB_time_index_emr_inter value of 40 samples; and 0 when a cell index is acquired.

[058] The second value could be 24.

[059] The device made to perform a measurement behavior based on the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation may additionally be made to perform: determination that the device has invalid or incomplete measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and validate, over a validation period, the invalid or incomplete measurements.

[060] The device made to perform a measurement behavior based on the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, may additionally be made to perform: determination that the device has invalid or incomplete measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and measure the second link based on an index read time period.

[061] The index read time period can be a gapless integer of index read period multiplied by a measurement timing setting period based on Synchronization Signal Block or based on Signal Block for a measured cell.

[062] The integer without gaps for index read period can be a first value when the measured cell is reported and a second value if Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 224 / 264 14 / 53 contrary.

[063] The first value can be 0.

[064] The second value can be one of: 6; 5; 4; 3; 2; and 1.

[065] The device made to perform the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation may additionally be made to perform: determination that the device has measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and additionally measure the second link based on an index read time period, validating, over a validation time period, an additional set of measurements.

[066] The index read time period can be a gapless integer of the index read period multiplied by a measurement timing setting period based on the Synchronization Signal Block, the gapless integer of the index read period being a first value.

[067] The first value can be 12.

[068] According to a fourth aspect, a device is provided for a communication network, the device comprising: means for implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communication network, the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communication network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements to serve, and another carrier, the other carrier being a destination carrier of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; means for determining, after an idle and / or inactive operating mode, the start of a connection; and means for implementing a measurement behavior to Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 225 / 264 15 / 53 from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce the preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

[069] According to a fifth aspect, a device is provided for a communications network, the device comprising: implementing a set of circuits that implement dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network, the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements to serve, and another carrier, the other carrier being a destination carrier of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; determining a set of circuits configured to determine, after an idle and / or inactive operating mode, the start of a connection; and implementing a set of circuits configured to implement a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce the preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

[070] According to a sixth aspect, a computer program comprising instructions [or a computer-readable means comprising instructions] is provided for bringing a device into a communication network to perform at least the following: implement dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communication network, implement dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communication network, being capable of performing simultaneous measurements to serve, and another carrier, the other carrier being a destination carrier of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; determine, after an idle and / or inactive operating mode, the start of a connection; and implement a measurement behavior from the Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 226 / 264 16 / 53 determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

[071] According to a seventh aspect, a non-transient computer-readable means is provided comprising program instructions for enabling a device on a communications network to perform at least the following: implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network, implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network, being capable of performing simultaneous measurements to serve, and another carrier, the other carrier being a destination carrier of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; determining, after an idle and / or inactive operating mode, the start of a connection; and implementing a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce the preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

[072] An apparatus comprising means for carrying out the actions of the method as described above.

[073] An apparatus configured to perform the actions of the method as described above.

[074] A computer program comprising program instructions for causing a computer to perform the method as described above.

[075] A computer program product stored on a medium can cause an apparatus to perform the method as described in the present invention.

[076] According to one aspect, a non-transitory means is provided Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 227 / 264 17 / 53 computer-readable comprising program instructions for making an apparatus perform at least the method in accordance with any of the preceding aspects.

[077] Many different modalities have been described above. It should be appreciated that additional modalities may be provided by combining any two or more of the modalities described above. Brief description of the Figures

[078] Some examples will now be described, merely by way of illustration, with reference to the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a 5G system; Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a network device; Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a user device; Figure 4 illustrates an example of an UE transitioning from connected mode to idle / inactive mode and back to connected mode, in which several modes can be implemented; Figure 5 illustrates an EU operating mode showing the period where requirements are not defined for the transition from idle / inactive mode to connected mode; Figure 6 illustrates an example of capability signaling that indicates a new measurement / state switching reporting capability according to some modes; Figures 7 to 11 illustrate examples of EU behaviors according to some modalities; and Figure 12 illustrates examples showing the reduction in preparation times that can be achieved by implementing the methods described in the present invention. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 228 / 264 18 / 53 Detailed description

[079] The following describes operations for EU behavior to reduce setup times and, specifically, examples to improve the setup delay of secondary cells (SCell) / secondary cell groups (SCG).

[080] In the description of examples that follow, certain aspects are explained with reference to devices that are frequently capable of communication via a wireless cellular system and mobile communication systems serving such mobile communication devices. For brevity and clarity, such aspects are described below with reference to a 5G wireless communication system. However, it is understood that such aspects are not limited to 5G wireless communication systems and may, for example, be applied to other wireless communication systems (e.g., current 6G proposals, IEEE 802.11, etc.).

[081] Before describing the examples in detail, certain general principles of a 5G wireless communication system are briefly explained with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Next, certain embodiments are explained with reference to devices capable of communicating with a communication system serving such devices. Before explaining the exemplary embodiments in detail, certain general principles of a communication system, for example, a 5G communication system, which may include one or more access networks (ANs) and a core network, and devices (e.g., terminals served by the communication system) are briefly explained with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 to assist in understanding the technology underlying the examples described.

[082] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a communication network according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication network comprises a communication system Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 229 / 264 19 / 53 wireless 5G (5GS) and components of an evolved packet system (EPS). 5GS can be comprised of access networks (ANs) and a 5G core network (5GC). A 5GS AN can comprise a 3GPP access network, such as a 5G radio access network (5G-RAN), also called a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN).

[083] In some embodiments, an AF, which is a 5GC client, is connected to a 5GC user plane function (UPF) via a DN and to various 5GC network functions (NFs) via a 5GC network exposure function (NEF). In some embodiments, the AF is a trusted application function, and thus the trusted AF is implemented in the 5GC and connected directly to other 5GC NFs. It will be appreciated that, although only one UPF is shown in Figure 1, the 5GS may be composed of a chain of UPFs that include an anchor UPF that connects to the DN. The AF can transmit and receive from the various 5GC NFs, controlling plane signaling directly or via NEF. The AF can also transmit user plane traffic and receive user plane traffic from the anchor 5GC UPF via the DN. The connections between the elements shown in Figure 1 are via interfaces defined in TS 23.501 and 23.502 of the 3GPP standard.

[084] The 5GC may comprise, for example, the following network functions (NFs) (also referred to as network entities): Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF); Network Exposure Function (NEF); Network Repository Function (NRF); Network Data Analysis Function (NWDAF); Policy Control Function (PCF); Unified Data Management (UDM); Authentication Server Function (AUSF); an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF); a Session Management Function (SMF); and a User Plane Function (UPF). The NFs of the 5GC may have a service-based architecture, as described in TS 23.501 of the 3GPP standard. The NF services that may be offered by the NFs of the 5GC and interfaces based Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 230 / 264 20 / 53 in services for 5GC invoices are described in the 3GPP standard and, in particular, in TS 23.501 and 23.502 of the 3GPP standard.

[085] Figure 2 illustrates an example of an apparatus 200 that can implement one or more NFs of the 5GC illustrated in Figure 1. The apparatus 200 can comprise at least one random access memory (RAM) 211a, at least one read-only memory (ROM) 211b, at least one processor 212, 213, and a network interface 214. At least one processor 212, 213 can be coupled to RAM 211a and ROM 211b. At least one processor 212, 213 can be configured to execute software code 215. The software code 215 can, for example, include instructions to perform actions or operations of one or more NFs of the 5GC. The software code 215 can be stored in ROM 211b. Device 200 can implement one or more 5GC NFs and can be interconnected with another device 200 that implements one or more other 5GC NFs. In such embodiments, devices 200 can be part of a distributed computing system.In some embodiments, each NF of the 5GC can be implemented on a single 200 appliance. In such embodiments, the 200 appliance can be a cloud computing system.

[086] A possible wireless communication device will now be described in more detail with reference to Figure 3 showing a partially sectioned schematic view of a communications apparatus 300. Figure 3 illustrates an example of a communications apparatus 300 illustrated in Figure 1. The apparatus may be any wireless communication device capable of sending and receiving radio signals. Such apparatus may also be a terminal device, wireless communication device, user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS) or mobile device such as a mobile phone or what is known as a “smartphone”, a computer provided Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 231 / 264 21 / 53 of a wireless interface card or other wireless interface setup (e.g., USB dongle), a personal data assistant (PDA) or tablet equipped with wireless communication capabilities, a machine-type communications device (MTC), an Internet of Things (IoT) communication device, or any combination thereof or similar. In the following discussion, examples generally refer to user equipment, but it would be understood that the same principles can be applied to any of the examples of devices discussed above.

[087] The 300 device can be configured to communicate with base stations (e.g., an NG-eNB or a gNB) on an access network, such as 5G-RAN.

[088] Communications may include or carry one or more of the following: voice, electronic mail (email), text message, multimedia, data, machine data, and so forth.

[089] The device can receive wireless signals (e.g., radio or cellular signals) via an air or radio interface 307 (generally referred to as interface Uu) via an appropriate device 306 for receiving wireless signals and can transmit wireless signals (e.g., radio or cellular signals) via an appropriate device for transmitting wireless signals. In Figure 3, the device includes one or more antennas (or an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas) and a transceiver and is schematically designated by block 306. The device 300 may be provided, for example, by means of a radio part and associated antenna array comprising one or more antennas. The antenna array may be disposed internally or externally to the mobile device.

[090] Device 300 may include at least one processor 301, at least one ROM memory 302a, at least one RAM 302b and others Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 232 / 264 22 / 53 possible components 303 for use in the software- and hardware-assisted execution of tasks it was designed to perform, including access control and communications with access networks, such as the 5GRAN access network and other devices 300. At least one processor 301 is coupled to RAM 311a and ROM 311b. At least one processor 301 may be configured to execute appropriate software code 308. The software code 308 may, for example, include instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 301, perform one or more actions or operations of present aspects. For example, the software code may comprise instructions suitable for implementing one or more actions or operations in accordance with aspects of this disclosure. The software code 308 may be stored in ROM 311b.

[091] At least one processor 301, storage and other relevant control devices may be provided on an appropriate circuit board or chipsets, or circuit board and chipsets. This attribute is denoted by reference 304. The terminal 300 may optionally have a user interface, such as a numeric keypad 305, touch screen or touch pad, combinations thereof or similar. Optionally, one or more of a display, a speaker and a microphone may be provided depending on the type of device.

[092] The following description also provides illustrative examples with reference to Primary Secondary Cells (PSCells), Primary Cells (PCells), and Secondary Cells (SCells). The attributes of PSCells in relation to the New 5G Radio will be outlined below, using the terminology employed therein. However, it is understood that the principles described herein are not limited to such terminology and may be applied to other systems with a similar architecture. For example, in multi-radio-dual (MR-DC) connectivity, Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 233 / 264 23 / 53 A Primary Cell (PCell) can be a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cell (e.g., New Terrestrial Dual-Radio Access-Evolved-Universal (EN-DC) connectivity).

[093] PSCells are a type of cell currently defined in the New 5G Radio, along with Primary Cells (Pcells), Secondary Cells (SCells) and Special Cells (SpCells). A PCell can be used as part of an initial access between a UE and an access network and is considered a primary cell in a master cell group (MCG). A PSCell can be understood as part of a secondary cell group (SCG). SpCells and SCells can be in at least one of the MCG and the SCG.

[094] Cells can be controlled by network nodes. There are at most two different types of network nodes in the New 5G Radio: Master nodes (which provide a control plane connection to a core network); and Secondary nodes (which have no control plane connections to the core network). It is understood that not all 5G system deployments can include both a master node and a secondary node. For example, Master and Secondary nodes may be present in a dual-connectivity master node deployment, but not in a standalone deployment. Master and Secondary nodes can both provide user plane connections (e.g., data) to the core network. The master node can control the PCell. In addition to the PCell, the master node can control at least one PSCell, although this is not always the case. The Secondary node can control at least one PSCell.

[095] 3GPP has issued a series of releases (Rel) to define operational communication protocols related to a communications network. Currently, objectives and work are being established in relation to Release 18 (Rel. 18).

[096] When a UE moves from the coverage area of ​​a cell to Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 234 / 264 24 / 53 another cell, at some point a server cell change needs to be performed. Currently, the server cell change is triggered by L3 (Layer 3 - the network layer) measurements and is implemented by RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling triggered by Reconfiguration with Synchronization for PCell (Primary Cell) and PSCell (Primary Secondary Cell) change, as well as SCell (Secondary Cell) release when applicable.

[097] All cases involve the full L2, or Layer 2: the MAC (Media Access Control), RLC (Radio Link Control) and PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layers (and L1 or Layer 1, the physical layer) are re-established, resulting in longer latency, higher overhead and longer interruption time than beam switch mobility.

[098] One goal of L1 / L2 mobility enhancements is to enable a change in the server cell via L1 / L2 signaling in order to reduce latency, overhead, and downtime.

[099] In Rel. 17 Conditional Change of PSCell (CPC) / Conditional Addition of PSCell (CPA), a UE configured with CPC / CPA is configured to release the CPC / CPA settings upon completing random access towards the target PSCell. Therefore, the UE does not have the chance to perform subsequent CPC / CPA without prior reconfiguration and restart of the network's CPC / CPA.

[100] This increases the delay for cell switching and increases signaling overhead, especially in the case of frequent SCG (secondary cell group) changes when operating FR2 (frequency band 2).

[101] There has been research on Multi Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) access technology with selective activation of cell groups that aims to enable subsequent CPC / CPA after SCG change, without reconfiguration and restart in the preparation of network CPC / CPA. This would result in a reduction Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 235 / 264 25 / 53 of the signaling overhead and would further reduce any downtime for implementing changes to the SCG.

[102] Currently, Conditional Hand Over (CHO) and MR-DC cannot be configured simultaneously. This limits the usefulness of these two attributes when MR-DC is configured.

[103] Currently, the impact of FR2 RRM mobility acquisition and measurement reports on FR2 SCell / SCG preparation / resume delay for a connected UE from idle / inactive mode is being studied.

[104] In addition, improvements to the FR2 SCell / SCG preparation delay are being researched based on the definition of new UE measurement procedures and RRM core requirements. This research is examining whether additional network information would help the UE perform these measurements effectively.

[105] In these investigations, the following sequence of events is that the UE initiates and performs enhanced measurements when RRC connection preparation / resume is requested and, after acquiring these enhanced measurements, the UE subsequently reports these measurements to the network to support SCell / SCG preparation.

[106] Furthermore, there have been investigations into the reuse of IDLE / NATIVE mode measurement results that must be reported during and / or after RRC connection preparation / resume in order to improve the delay in SCell / SCG preparation. These investigations include: examining the availability and validation of IDLE / INACTIVE mode measurement results to be reported; and defining corresponding RRM requirements; and, if necessary, based on the outcome, defining the corresponding signaling support.

[107] The impact of acquisition and reporting of FR2 mobility measurements Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 236 / 264 26 / 53 RRM in the preparation / resume delay of FR2 SCell / SCG for a connected UE from idle / inactive mode. The results show that enabling fast DC (Dual Connectivity) / CA (Carrier Aggregation) preparation / resume enables the use of DC / CA data with lower latency, higher throughput, improves load balancing, and enables lower UE power consumption, potentially significantly improving UE, network, and system performance.

[108] Research has been working on the issue of improving CA and DC preparation delays in Rel-15 (enhanced CA utilization (euCA)) for LTE, enabling early reporting of LTE interfrequency carriers / cells measured in idle mode when the UE is entering connected mode.

[109] The enhanced measurement report (EMR) defined in Rel-16 includes readiness improvements when the UE is operating in NR (and including intra-NR and NR-LTE inter-RAT measurements). However, the outcome primarily benefited the performance of NR FR1 (frequency band 1) and LTE-InterRAT, while readiness delays for NR FR2 (frequency band 2) AC / DC readiness could be further improved.

[110] Rel -18 is specified to continue using EMR terminology or to use eEMR or enhanced EMR or measurement validation or similar terms. Hereafter, where delay components are described, they are not limited to EMR UEs, but also to UEs that do not support EMR. Therefore, such UEs may also support these measurements. This means that when validation delays start from RRC preparation / resume, it does not matter whether the UE is using (some) idle mode measurement or measurements that it ported from connected mode.

[111] In other words, in the examples given below, where the delays Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 237 / 264 27 / 53 “xx_emr_xx are mentioned, this can also be applied generally to any EU, including EUs that do not support EMR.

[112] This research aimed to reduce the setup delay of FR2 CA and FR2 SCG. An example scenario in which the modalities can produce large gains in reducing setup delay is the scenario where the UE is camped in idle and / or inactive mode, for example, in FR1 (for the master cell group - MCG), while the potential target SCell / PSCell is, for example, in FR2 (the secondary cell group - SCG plus CA; In one example, the server cell, PCell, is in FR1, while the potential target for unloading could be a target cell, PSCell, as a hotspot in FR2. Another example would be having possible target CA cells in FR2 and then adding SCells as CA in FR2). These are examples, and the server cell (listed here as PCell) can be in FR1 or FR2, while the destination cell (PSCell and / or SCell) can be in FR1 and / or FR2.

[113] This scenario (the target cell is in FR2 while the server cell is in FR1) has a greater delay, since the UE in idle mode needs to first detect, measure and report the possible PSCell in FR2 or SCell in FR2 before setting up the cell. This causes preparation delays because measurements are needed to see which cells / beams are close to the UE.

[114] One possible source of the latencies is the UE having to detect the cell, measure it, and possibly read the SSB Index (Synchronization Signal Block Index) before the cell can be reported to the network. Furthermore, it is assumed that in NR FR2, beamforming is applied on both the UE and network sides. This use of beamforming (and the UE's need to scan across multiple Tx / Rx panels) extends the cell detection and measurement procedures compared to FR1, where the UE is assumed to receive omnidirectionally (and therefore no beam scanning on the network side). Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 238 / 264 28 / 53 of the EU is required). In addition, the EU may need time for further EU beam refinement, which further increases preparation delays.

[115] Figure 4 shows an example scenario, as indicated above, regarding the transition from connected mode 400 to another connected mode 402 via an idle / inactive mode 404 and an RRC preparation 406. It should be noted that this is an example and the scenario may also originate from the UE being in Idle or Inactive mode without needing any connected mode information or having recently been in connected mode.

[116] In other words, Figure 4 shows an example where an UE is transitioning from connected mode 400 to idle / inactive mode 404 and back to connected mode 402. The object of the embodiments as discussed in the present invention shall include any measurements that are performed and available on the UE side during or before RRC preparation resumption occurs 406, and the measurement validation phase 407, which may begin when the UE is initiating or receiving RRC preparation / resumption 406 and may continue in connected mode 402.

[117] Changes to existing idle mode and EMR measurement procedures are not within the scope, but existing measurements, for example, those performed due to the UE configuration with EMR or any other available due to the UE idle mode measurements, may be used and / or used / validated during RRC connection preparation / resume and during connected mode 402. It would be understood that there is no strict endpoint for measurements or validation of measurements.

[118] In the example shown in Figure 4, the upper part 440 demonstrates the UE operating modes. In this example, the UE starts in connected mode 400 and then, at time 401, transitions to the Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 239 / 264 29 / 53 idle / inactive mode 404. While in idle / inactive mode 404, the UE receives an RRC preparation / resume message at point 405, which triggers an RRC preparation mode 406. At some point 409, the UE then transitions to connected mode 402.

[119] Furthermore, Figure 4 shows an unrefined measurement report of the UE measuring, for example, in frequency band 2 (FR2), part 460. This shows that any available measurements performed during period 420 can be performed during the first connected mode 400 and the idle / inactive mode 404 and then, after receiving the RRC preparation / resume message, a validation operation 426 is implemented, which can use the available measurements from 420, which continues in the second connected mode 402.

[120] Furthermore, Figure 4 shows an enhanced measurement reporting UE operating in frequency band 2 (FR2), part 450. This shows that during the first connected mode 400, then measurements in connected mode 410 are made, and that at the start of idle / inactive mode 404, then enhanced measurement reporting measurements are performed, as described in TS 38.111 4.4.2.1. After (if) timer T331 expires 403, the UE can stop performing EMR-related measurements and will perform normal measurements in idle / inactive mode during 414. Then, starting, after receiving the RRC preparation / resume message, a validation operation 416 is implemented, which can continue in the second connected mode 402.

[121] For an UE in idle mode, no measurement gaps are required to perform measurements, for example, on an FR2 interfrequency carrier. The UE is performing the measurements according to the minimum requirements defined for idle mode. Similar for a UE in inactive mode. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 240 / 264 30 / 53 (for which the EU requirements are the same as in inactive mode).

[122] For a UE in connected mode, a UE camped on FR1 and performing, for example, NR interfrequency measurements on one or more FR2 carriers, for example, for the purpose of preparing CA / DC, may perform such measurements using gap-assisted measurements or gap-unassisted measurements.

[123] For a UE in connected mode that needs gaps to perform interfrequency measurements, the UE can support UE-by-UE measurement gaps or UE-by-FR measurement gaps. If the UE supports UE-by-UE gaps, a measurement gap will be applied to FR1 and FR2 simultaneously. A UE that supports UE-by-UE gaps supports separate gap patterns per FR (FR1 and FR2) and they can be the same or different gap patterns.

[124] However, for a UE transitioning to connected mode 402 (from idle or inactive mode 404), there are many aspects to how the UE should perform measurements during the validation phase. For example, it is not defined how a UE (which may need gaps) would be able to perform measurements before receiving a gap configuration. Furthermore, it is unclear how a UE is presumed to perform such measurements if the UE does not need measurement gaps. Or how UE behavior and requirements are defined.

[125] Performance and gap measurement and assistance requirements are well defined for idle mode, inactive mode and connected mode, while measurement requirements in or during the transition phase between idle / inactive mode and connected mode are not defined.

[126] This, for example, is shown in Figure 5, where an UE mode 599 is followed. The initial connected mode 500 transitions to an idle / inactive mode 502. In turn, an RRC preparation / resume 504 is implemented, which Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 241 / 264 31 / 53 then transitions to a 506 connection mode. As shown in Figure 5, requirements are not defined for the RRC 504 preparation / resume time or for the 506 connected mode until the 503 measurement setup point.

[127] The following modes aim, therefore, to provide a clear definition of the UE behavior when the UE is configured to perform measurements for reducing AC / DC preparation delay. In the following modes and examples, the UE behavior is defined in order to aim to produce efficient and low-latency UE operation. The objectives of these modes may be such that the preparation of FR2 AC / DC can be improved in relation to the behavior of base interfrequency measurements.

[128] Thus, the definition and optimization of UE behavior, measurement requirements and delay during the transition phase from idle / inactive mode to connected mode and possibly some time during the initial phase of connected mode are described below, with the purpose of enabling better, faster and more robust AC / DC preparation for the FR2 5G / NR target cell (SCell or PSCell).

[129] As mentioned earlier, there is no description of UE behavior nor defined UE requirements related to measurements performed by the UE during the preparation / resumption or validation phases. Legacy UE requirements are defined for idle mode, inactive mode, and connected mode. However, these requirements are defined separately.

[130] Furthermore, with regard to the interfrequency cell detection time for a UE in connected mode, the following applies (from TS 38.133, https: / / www.3gpp.org / ftp / Specs / archive / 38_series / 38.133 / 38133- Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 242 / 264 32 / 53 i00.zip ): The UE must be able to identify a new detectable interfrequency cell within Tidentifyjnteuwithjncex - The UE must be able to identify a new detectable interfrequency SS block from a cell already detected within TiCen tify_ in inter_ without_inCex. TiCen tify_ in ter_ without_inCex=( TPSS / SSS_ sync_inter +TSSB_ measurement^ peri od_ inter )ms TiCentify_inter_with_inclex=( TpSS / SSS_sync_inter+TSSB_measurement_period_inter + TSSB_time_inCex_inter) ms (1) (2) where M pss / sss_ syn c_inter· For a UE that supports power class FR2 1 or 5, M pss / sss_sync_inter = 64 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 2, Mpss / sss_sync_inter = 40 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 3, Mpss / sss_sync_inter = 40 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 4, Mpss / sss_sync_inter = 40 samples; MSSB incex_inter: For a UE that supports power class FR2 1 or 5, M SSB_inCex_inter = 40 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 2, MSSB_inCex_inter = 24 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 3, MSSB_incex_inter = 24 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 4, MSSB_incex_inter = 24 samples; Mmeas_perioc_inter: Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 243 / 264 33 / 53 For a UE that supports power class FR2 1 or 5, Mmeas_period_inter = 64 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 2, Mmeas_period_inter = 40 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 3, M meas_period_inter = 40 samples; For a UE that supports power class FR2 4, M meas_period_inter = 40 samples; where: T PSS / SSS_sync_inter= Max(600ms,Ceil(KgapxM pss / sss_sync_ inter )xMax(MGRP,SMTC period ))xCSSFinter(3) TSSB time index inter- Max(200ms,Ceil(KgapxMssB_index_inter)xMax(MGRP,SMTCperiod))xCSSFinter (4) TSSB_measurement_period_inter Max(400ms,Ceil(KgapxMmeas_period_inter )xMax(MGRP,SMTCperiod))xCSSFinter(5).

[131] For a UE that needs gaps to perform interfrequency measurements: Assuming assigned gaps and only one carrier measured, many scaling factors in the delays can be ignored. For use of FR2 SCell and PSCell, the network would need to know the Index in order to know where to reach the UE in DL. Therefore, in this case: Tidentify_inter_with_index - (40+24+40)*SMTC periods in the worst-case scenario when only 1 carrier is measured and assuming MGRP-40 ms. Therefore, in total 104*40- 4160 ms.

[132] For a UE that supports gapless interfrequency measurement for this specific carrier, the specification captures the following: For UE with FR measurement capability in stand-alone NR operation (with single carrier, NR AC and NR-DC configuration), for measurement based Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 244 / 264 34 / 53 in gap by FR, when there is no server cell in a specific FR where measurement objects are configured, regardless of whether an explicit measurement gap by FR is configured in this FR, the effective MGRP in this FR is used to determine requirements [e.g., as described in TS38.133, Section 9.1.2]; ms for FR2 NR measurements ms for FR1 NR measurements ms for LTE measurements ms for FR1+LTE measurements.

[133] Therefore, for FR2, this requirement covers unassisted gap measurements if there is no server cell in FR.

[134] In this case: T identify_inter_with_index = (40+24+40)*20 ms in the worst-case scenario, when only 1 carrier is measured. Therefore, in total 104*20= 2080 ms.

[135] In addition, gap-assisted and gap-unassisted interfrequency measurements were defined in TS 38.133.

[136] However, for connected mode, the UE is (only) required to perform connected mode measurements based on an explicit network configuration (measurement configuration). Therefore, the UE does not need to perform connected mode measurements on carriers other than the server carrier before the UE has received the explicit configuration.

[137] In the following examples, the method and apparatus are configured to employ an FR2 target cell / carrier. However, the method and apparatus are not limited to FR2. For example, the following methods and examples may be applicable to carriers / cells in FR1 and / or FR2-2.

[138] In the following examples, it is assumed that the UE is able to perform measurements independently in FR1 and FR2 (in other Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 245 / 264 35 / 53 words, the UE supports carrier aggregation and / or dual connectivity as one of the band combinations supported by the UE with the measured carrier / cell). In these examples, the UE is equipped with at least two independent RF chains and baseband processing modules, or the UE can receive both carriers simultaneously. In other words, measurements can be performed simultaneously or substantially simultaneously.

[139] In the following examples, it is assumed that the UE supports the Rel-16, EMR early measurement reporting attribute. For example, a UE that supports EMR of rel-16, idleModeMeasurementsNR, idleModeMeasurementsEUTRA.

[140] However, the modalities can be extended to other UEs, such as those UEs that support some of the proposed EMR attributes independently of the rel-16 EMR structure. When explicitly referred to, these requirements apply to “non-EMR UEs”. In other words, to UEs that support rel-18 or later attributes, but do not support the rel-15 or rel-16 EMR structure.

[141] In the following examples, a validation phase is shown, which can be quick and beneficial for both the UE and the network, where the UE can conduct zero, one or more measurements.

[142] The type of measurements, the number of samples, the carriers to be measured, the carrier priorities, the number of active receiving chains, and the details of the measurements are aspects that are not defined in detail in the present invention. In general, the delay in the validation phase can be as short as possible, since the FR2 measurement results can easily become obsolete if the time interval between measurement and reporting is too long.

[143] The concept, as expressed in further detail in Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 246 / 264 36 / 53 embodiments described in the present invention define a new UE measurement behavior from RRC preparation-resume (switching from idle->active UE state and where UE starts, for example, based on receiving a paging message or the start of a random access procedure to the server cell) and continuing for some time during connected mode. The UE behavior aims to make a significant difference in the preparation / resume delay of FR2 CA / DC, for example, compared to SCell preparation.

[144] In some cases, this does not require the UE to perform measurements during RRC preparation / resume. In some cases, the UE may start attempting to perform measurements during RRC preparation / resume, but it may also start measurements in connected mode. In both cases, measurements do not need to stop after RRC preparation / resume is transmitted.

[145] It is worth noting that, during idle mode, UE requirements consider DRX. From RRC preparation / resume, UE will not use or be presumed to use DRX in the server cell where the connection is established, at least until UE receives a DRX configuration in connected mode.

[146] Thus, with the aim of improving delays, the following modes define the new UE behavior and related measurement requirements for reduced FR2 SCell / SCG preparation. The improvements in behavior begin when the UE is aware of RRC preparation / resumption. The examples show a use case scenario where the UE is camped in FR1 (e.g., in idle mode) when connection preparation is initiated. However, the modes can be employed in other scenarios, e.g., FR2-FR2 interband scenarios. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 247 / 264 37 / 53

[147] As the UE is assumed to potentially have separate RF chains and is at least capable of separately measuring the FR1 and FR2 bands, the UE does not need measurement gaps to perform the target NR FR2 interfrequency measurements. Thus, when the PCell is idle and the UE is about to switch to active, then the UE is configured to perform PCell-based measurements, which may include measurements at the FR2 frequency in a separate RF chain. Furthermore, when the second RF chain is inactive (or the entire UE is idle / inactive), then it can be used for measurements at other frequencies (or at the same frequency) to speed up the measurements.

[148] This becomes clear in the scenario where it is assumed that the UE only measures the target carriers / cells that the UE can use in CA and / or DC combinations with the server carrier / cell (where access is initiated). Therefore, the modalities focus on defining requirements for gapless measurement scenarios.

[149] The following modalities define EU measurement requirements for validation requirements or validation delay when: The EU can measure the target carrier without gaps; The UE can measure the target carrier as an intrafrequency carrier; some measurements may be available in the UE when the UE becomes aware of the RRC preparation / resumption.

[150] As such, the UE modes are configured to report an interfrequency cell within a defined time Tidentify_emrjnter- This is based on intrafrequency requirements and the UE is additionally configured to report to cell accounting the current status of the target cell measurements: identify a new detectable interfrequency cell; and / or identify an SS block of a previously detected cell; and / or Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 248 / 264 38 / 53 perform measurements Within the defined time T identify_emr_inter, the UE is configured to measure a target cell. In total: Tiden tify_ em r_ inter emr_inter+TSSB_measurement_period_emr_inter+TSSB_time_index_emr_inter )ms(6) where: T pss / sss_sync_emr_inter = 0 if the target cell is detected and potentially reported to the network (e.g., as part of EMR); otherwise, it may be, but is not limited to, 24 in the table below, the value is set to G1.

[151] ssB_measurement_period_emr_inter Y1 if the cell was measured and potentially reported to the network (e.g., as part of the EMR), otherwise Y2, where Y1 can be, but is not limited to, 24 and Y2 can be, but is not limited to, 0.

[152] TssB_time_index_emr_inter = 0 if the Cell Index was acquired and potentially reported to the network with the Index (e.g., as part of the advance measurement report), otherwise Z1, where Z1 is a value such as, for example, 40.

[153] As discussed earlier, references to 'emr', such T identify_emr_inter, may refer to or apply to eEMR implementations.

[154] Suitable values ​​may be. tpss / sss_sync_eEM R_inter TC is X TSSB_measurement_per od_eEMR_inter TSSB_time_index_eEMR_inter CI is XS Pss / sss G1 S med period Y1 / Y2 S Index Z1 Total S SMTC ms NOT detected TC NOT detected NOT acquired 40 24 40 104 20 2080 NOT detected TC NOT detected acquired 40 24 0 64 20 1280 NOT detected TC detected NOT acquired 40 0 ​​40 80 20 1600 NOT detected TC detected acquired 40 0 ​​0 40 20 800 detected TC NOT detected NOT acquired 0 24 40 64 20 1280 Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 249 / 264 39 / 53 tpss / sss_sync_eEM R_inter TC is X TSSB_measurement_per od_eEMR_inter TSSB_time_index_eEMR_inter CI is XS Pss / sss G1 S med period Y1 / Y2 S Index Z1 Total S SMTC ms detected TC NOT detected acquired 0 24 0 24 20 480 detected TC detected acquired 0 0 40 40 20 800 detected TC detected acquired 0 0 0 0 20 0 detected TM validation required acquired 0 12 0 12 20 240 detected TM validation required acquired 0 8 0 8 20 160 detected TM validation required acquired 0 6 0 6 20 120 detected TM validation required acquired 0 5 0 5 20 100 detected Validation TM validation required acquired 0 4 0 4 20 80 detected TM validation required acquired 0 3 0 3 20 60 detected TM validation required acquired 0 2 0 2 20 40 detected TM validation required acquired 0 1 0 1 20 20 Table 1

[155] In the table above, TC is the abbreviation for target cell, CI is the abbreviation for cell index, TM is the abbreviation for target measurement, S is the abbreviation for samples.

[156] In some modes, TPss / sss_sync_emr_inter is undefined, for example, when the UE has no knowledge of the destination carrier / cell (no cell information) and potentially nothing has been reported to the network as part of the procedure.

[157] In such modalities, a flexible method is provided for defining EU requirements based on measurements currently available in the EU when this procedure is initiated (e.g., in preparation / resumption).

[158] By employing a step-based requirement, in some modalities it is possible to observe improved UE behavior and implementation.

[159] Furthermore, as shown in the table above, in some Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 250 / 264 40 / 53 modes, the above is combined with reports in order to allow the network to have better knowledge about expected EU delays, rather than relying on worst-case scenario requirements (minimum EU requirements).

[160] In some modes, a new UE capability indicator for this new behavior is sent from the UE to the network / base station.

[161] Thus, for example, as shown in Figure 6, a UE 600 is shown which, having been determined to be capable of supporting the embodiments described in the present invention, is configured to generate a suitable capacity indicator, as shown by 601.

[162] The UE 600 can then transmit the capacity indicator to a suitable RAN (or network function), as shown by 603.

[163] The RAN, for example NG-RAN 602, is then configured to receive the indicator and, based on the active indicator, the measurement / state switching report as shown by 605. In other words, if the UE is indicated to support this new attribute, the improved measurement / state switching report will be activated by the network / base station.

[164] With regard to Figure 7, a flow diagram showing in summary the operations according to some modalities.

[165] Thus, for example, the first operation is to determine in the EU the start of RRC preparation / resumption (the EU is aware of RRC preparation / resumption), as shown by 701.

[166] Then the UE behavior is started as shown by 703.

[167] Then the report (for example, an interfrequency cell report) is generated and passed to the RAN within the defined time T identify_emr_inter, as shown by 705.

[168] In relation to Figures 8 to 11, a series of Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 251 / 264 41 / 53 behaviors defined to be implemented by the EU according to certain modalities.

[169] In these examples, there are different EU conditions (measurements available on the EU side when the EU becomes aware of the connection preparation / resumption) for the following scenarios: The UE has no detected cells in FR2 (shown in relation to Figure 8); The UE has at least one cell detected in FR2 (shown in relation to Figure 9); The UE has valid measurements related to an FR2 cell (shown in relation to Figure 10); and the UE has invalid / incomplete measurements in FR2 and the UE performs the validation of the measurements (shown in relation to Figure 11).

[170] With regard to Figure 8, the behavior of the UE is shown in relation to the scenario when the UE has no cells detected in FR2.

[171] Thus, for example, the UE is configured to determine that it has no detected cells in FR2, as shown by 801.

[172] So, as shown by 803, since the UE is capable of performing simultaneous FR1 and FR2 measurements, if the UE is configured to measure, for example, an FR2 carrier, the UE is configured to search according to intrafrequency requirements without XRD: T PSS / SSS_ sync_emr_inter· Time period for PSS / SSS detection for FR2 EMR: Mpss / sss_ syn c_ w / o_ gaps x SMTC period (7) Where: Mpss / sss_ syn c_ w / o_ gaps· For a UE that supports power class 2, M pss / sss_sync_w / o_gaps = 24 (or Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 252 / 264 42 / 53 another suitable value, for example, as shown in the previous table) if the cell is not reported to the network, for example, as part of the EMR.

[173] The SMTC period in the requirement is the one used by the cell being identified, which alternatively may also be the cell's SSB repeat period.

[174] This delay in some modes is applicable if the UE does not have any FR2 cells detected on the FR2 carrier during connection preparation.

[175] In relation to Figure 9, the behavior of the UE is shown in relation to the scenario when the UE has at least one cell detected in FR2.

[176] Thus, for example, the UE is configured to determine that the UE has one or more cells detected in FR2, as shown by 901.

[177] So, as shown by 903, since the UE already has one or more cells detected in FR2 (on a specific carrier or in an FR2 band), there is no need for cell detection (PSS / SSS detection). For this scenario, where the UE already has a cell detected on a given FR2 carrier in connection preparation, only one measurement round would be necessary.

[178] As an example, for the scenario discussed above, the measurement delay could be expressed as: T SSB_measurement_period_emr_inter· Measurement period for FR2 EMR (FR2): Mmeas_period_w / o_gaps x period SMTC (8) Where: Mmeas_period_w / o_gaps · For a UE that supports power class FR2 2, M meas_period_w / o_gaps = Y1 (=24 or another suitable value) if the cell is not reported to the grid, for example, as part of the EMR, otherwise Y2 (which can be 0, but can also be different from 0, depending on whether more measurements would be needed). Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 253 / 264 43 / 53

[179] With regard to Figure 10, the behavior of the UE is shown in relation to the scenario when the UE has valid measurements related to an FR2 cell.

[180] Thus, for example, the UE is configured to determine that the UE has valid measurements related to an FR2 cell, as shown by 1001.

[181] So, as shown in 1003, since the UE has valid measurements, no measurement round is required (e.g., if detection is required or if the cell has been measured recently), and no Index reading is required.

[182] In some modes, an additional delay may be required for at least one round of measurement (validation measurements) and possibly Index reading.

[183] T SSB_ ti me_ind ex_ emr_inter· Index reading period for FR2 EMR (FR2): MInd ex_peri od_w / o_gaps x SMTC period Where: (9) Mindex_period_w / o_gaps · For a UE that supports power class FR2 2, M index_period_w / o_gaps = 0 if the cell is reported with Index as part of EMR, otherwise, M index_period_w / o_gaps = Z1 (with a value as indicated above).

[184] As an example, it is understood that the measurement cycle (M meas_period_w / o_gaps) can be significantly reduced. For example, when the UE has prior information (such as from previous measurements). The same applies to the Index reading.

[185] In relation to Figure 11, the behavior of the UE is shown in relation to the scenario when the UE has invalid or incomplete measurements. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 254 / 264 44 / 53 related to an FR2 cell.

[186] Thus, for example, the UE is configured to determine that the UE has invalid or incomplete measurements related to an FR2 cell, as shown by 1101.

[187] So, as shown by 1103, the UE has invalid / incomplete measurements in FR2 and the UE performs the validation of the measurements.

[188] T SSB_ ti me_ind ex_ emr_inter· In another alternative mode, an additional delay may be necessary for at least one round of measurement and possibly index reading to perform measurements that are incomplete and / or invalid.

[189] Index reading period for FR2 EMR (FR2): MIndex_period_w / o_gapsxperiod SMTC (10) Where: M Ind ex_peri od_w / o_gaps· For a UE that supports power class FR2 2, M index_period_w / o_gaps = 0 if the cell is reported with Index as part of EMR, otherwise it will be G1. G1 is a variable to identify an additional unique value. The variable labels above are example labels and, similarly to the example variable values, may differ from implementation to implementation or from modality to modality.

[190] In one example, UE behavior can be illustrated by the following standard specification addition. This addition could, for example, be part of the requirements for adding or activating SCell and / or PSCell (and similarly for adding PSCell). Using the activation delay of SCell as an example, a new standard specification section could be introduced to define the activation delay of SCell directly for an EMR carrier (in FR2): 8.3.x Direct activation of the SCell to a target EMR SCell. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 255 / 264 45 / 53

[191] The requirements of this clause apply to the UE configured in the RRC reconfiguration message, TS 38.331, with at least one SCell that was provided to the network in the EMR report and for which the sCellState parameter is set to enabled.

[192] The UE must configure the SCell in the activated state after successful completion of the RRC reconfiguration procedure within the specified delay. The UE must be able to transmit a valid CSI report and apply actions to the activated SCell directly, no later than slot n + ^direct NR slot length (11) Where: Slot n is the last slot overlapping the PDSCH containing the RRC reconfiguration message.

[193] Direct N =TRRC_process activation_time+ TCSI_Reporting - 3ms for the cases specified in clause 8.3.2 where the TCI status is not indicated within Activation time) otherwise, N direct =TRRC_process+ THARQ +T activation time+ TCSI_Reporting (12) where: TRRc_Process: RRC procedure delay as specified in clause 11.2 of TS 36.331 if the corresponding RRC message is embedded in the E-UTRA RRC message; otherwise, it will be the RRC procedure delay defined in clause 12 of TS 38.331. THArq (in ms) is the timing between DL data transmission and acknowledgment, as specified in TS 38.213. Tactivation_time: is the activation delay of the SCell in milliseconds and is defined as: Tactivation time =(Mpss / sss_,sync_ w / o_gaps_emr x SMTC period) + Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 256 / 264 46 / 53(M meas_period_w / o_gaps_emr x period SMTC) +(M SSB_ ti me_ind ex_ emr_ inter x period SMTC), (13) where M pss / sss_sync_emr_inter = 0 if the cell is reported to the network, otherwise 24; M ssB_measurement_period_emr_inter = Y1 if the cell is reported to the network, otherwise, 24 If the cell is reported to the network with Index, otherwise 24, and Tcsi_Reporting is specified in clause 8.3.2, the following TFirstssB and TFirstssB max definitions will replace the existing ones: T FirstssB: the time until the end of the first complete SSB burst indicated by SMTC only slot π i ^RRC_^rocess+^^interromSlot length NR TFirstssB_MAx: the time until the end of the first complete SSB burst indicated by SMTC after slot n + ^f,-™^™····™^ slot length NR In FR2, this occurs when all active server cells and SCells being activated or released are transmitting SSB bursts in the same slot.

[194] In addition to the CSI reports defined above, the UE must also apply other actions related to the activation command specified in TS 38.321 for a SCell at the first opportunities for the corresponding actions as soon as the SCell is activated.

[195] This is an illustrative example. Furthermore, the values ​​of X, Y1 and Y2, Z1, G1 may be equal to 24 if the current parameters are assumed (but they may also differ or be further examined, for example, using values ​​provided by the table shown above).

[196] It is noted as an important aspect that the requirements do not distinguish between known and unknown EMR SCell / PSCell, but only whether the configured cell was reported as part of EMR or not before configuration. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 257 / 264 47 / 53

[197] These methods, as described above, would aim, at a minimum, to provide a significant reduction in the preparation delay of FR2 SCell or SCG. Assuming that one relies on connected-mode interfrequency measurements and a reporting delay of 4160 ms (the table above shows delays up to 2080 ms) and being able to reduce the delay to less than 500 ms (or as close as 0 or 20 ms, as measured from the completed RRC preparation), the activation time can be reduced by more than 3 seconds.

[198] Furthermore, implementing the modalities described in the present invention can also help reduce the UE's power consumption when connected. This is because one way for the network to obtain faster measurements from the UE is to not allow the UE to enter XRD in connected mode (allowing the UE to enter XRD increases the detection of neighboring cells and measurements in general). Not allowing the UE to enter XRD to ensure faster measurement results will increase the UE's power consumption compared to the scenario where the UE could enter XRD.

[199] The example shown in Figure 12 shows user throughput graphs in Mbps for a range of delays and offered load. Assuming that an activated SCell has been detected in idle mode and EMR information has been provided to the network, only one measurement round is required and thus the worst-case delay time is: 480ms. Even adding additional reports and delay in SCell configuration, it is clear from Figure 12 that the configuration delay can be significantly reduced compared to relying on interfrequency measurement and reporting. Therefore, it is clearly possible to increase the delay to the illustrated performance of 760 ms in the following figure.

[200] The preceding description has provided, by way of non-limiting examples, a complete and informative description of some examples. However, several Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 258 / 264 48 / 53 Modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings will still fall within the scope of the claims.

[201] Above, different examples are described using, as an example of an access architecture to which the described techniques can be applied, an advanced long-term evolution-based radio access architecture (LTE Advanced, LTE-A) or new radio (NR, 5G), without restricting the examples to such an architecture, however. The examples can also be applied to other types of communication networks by having suitable means, by adjusting parameters and procedures appropriately.Some examples of other suitable system options include Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio access network (UTRAN), wireless local area network (WLAN or Wi-Fi), worldwide microwave access interoperability (WiMAX), Bluetooth®, Personal Communications Services (PCS), ZigBee®, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), systems using Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology, sensor networks, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), and Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystems (IMS), or any combination thereof.

[202] As provided in the present invention, various aspects are described in the detailed description of examples and in the claims. In general, some examples may be implemented in hardware or special-purpose circuits, software code, logic, or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software code, which may be executed by a controller, Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 259 / 264 49 / 53 microprocessor or other computing device, although examples are not limited to these. Although various examples may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, devices, systems, techniques, or methods described in the present invention may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software code, firmware code, special-purpose circuits or logic, general-purpose hardware or controller, or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[203] The examples can be implemented by computer software code stored in memory and executable by at least one data processor of the entities involved or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware code.

[204] The memory referred to in the present invention may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories.

[205] The (data) processors referred to in the present invention may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may comprise one or more of the following: general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), FPGAs, switching-level circuits and multi-core processor architecture-based processors, as non-limiting examples.

[206] Additionally, in this regard, it should be noted that any Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 260 / 264 50 / 53 procedures, for example, as in Figure 11 and / or Figure 12, and / or described previously, may represent operations of a computer program being implemented by at least one processor comprised in a device (where a computer program comprises instructions to cause a device to perform at least one action, the instructions being represented as software code stored in at least one memory), or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of operations of a computer program being implemented by at least one processor comprised in a device and logic circuits, blocks and functions. The software code may be stored in memory, such as physical media like memory chips or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media (such as hard disks or floppy disks), and optical media (such as, for example, DVDs and their data variants, CDs, and so on).

[207] Memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories. Data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may include one or more general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), switching-level circuits and multi-core processor architecture-based processors, as non-limiting examples.

[208] Additionally or alternatively, some examples can be implemented using a circuit set. The circuit set can be Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 261 / 264 51 / 53 configured to perform one or more of the functions and / or method steps described above. This set of circuits may be provided at the base station and / or the communication device and / or a core network entity.

[209] As used in this application, the term “circuit system” may refer to one, more, or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations consisting only of analog and / or digital circuits); (b) combinations of hardware and software circuits, such as: (i) a combination of digital and / or analog hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware code and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software code (including digital signal processor(s), software code and memory(ies) that work together to make an apparatus, such as a communications device or base station, perform the various functions described above; and (c) hardware circuit(s) and / or processor(s), such as microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software code (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software code may not be present when it is not required for operation.

[210] This definition of circuit assembly applies to all uses of that term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuit assembly also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its accompanying software and / or firmware code(s). The Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 262 / 264 52 / 53 The term circuit set also covers, for example, integrated devices.

[211] Implementations of disclosure can be practiced on various components, such as integrated circuit modules. Integrated circuit design is, in general, a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools are available to convert a logic-level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed onto a semiconductor substrate.

[212] As used in the present invention, “at least one of the following:<uma lista de dois ou mais elementos> "and at least one of"<uma lista de dois ou mais elementos> "and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements is joined by "and" or "or", means at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all of the elements."

[213] The term “non-transient”, as used in the present invention, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation in the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

[214] The scope of protection sought for various examples of the disclosure is set out by the independent claims. The examples and attributes, if any, described in this descriptive report, which do not fall within the scope of the independent claims, should be interpreted as useful examples for understanding this disclosure.

[215] The foregoing description has provided, by way of non-limiting examples, a complete and informative description of example implementations of this disclosure. However, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claims. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 263 / 264 53 / 53 However, all such similar modifications of the teachings of this disclosure will still fall within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims. In fact, there is an additional implementation comprising a combination of one or more implementations with any of the other implementations discussed previously. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 264 / 264

Claims

1 / 5 CLAIMS 1. A method for an apparatus, the method characterized in that it comprises: implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network, the means for implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements to serve one carrier, and another carrier, the other carrier being a destination carrier of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; determining, after an idle and / or inactive operating mode, the start of a connection; and implementing a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce the preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation.

2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, further comprises: determining that the device has no detected cells with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; measuring the second carrier based on at least a time period determined for primary synchronization signal detection or secondary synchronization signal detection.

3. Method, according to claim 2, characterized in that the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 194 / 264 2 / 5 within a communications network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements for at least one frequency band comprises implementing dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation within a communications network being capable of performing simultaneous measurements for at least two frequency bands, and the second link of the dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation employs a second frequency band.

4. Method, according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the determined time period is an integer without synchronization gaps multiplied by a measurement timing setting based on synchronization signal block or synchronization signal block period for a measured cell.

5. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, further comprises: determining that the device has one or more cells detected with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; measuring the second link based on a measurement time period.

6. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, further comprises: determining that the device has valid measurements with respect to a second link of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation; and reporting the valid measurements without measurement time period delay.

7. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, further comprises: determining that the device has valid measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and measuring the second link based on a measurement time period.

8. Method, according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that the determined measurement time period is a gapless measurement integer multiplied by a measurement timing setting based on Synchronization Signal Block or Synchronization Signal Block period for a measured cell.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the integer without measurement gaps is a first value when the measured cell is reported and a second value otherwise.

10. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, further comprises: determining that the device has invalid or incomplete measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and validating, over a validation period, the invalid or incomplete measurements.

11. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the implementation of a measurement behavior based on the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any setup or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, further comprises: determining that the device has invalid or incomplete measurements with respect to a second link of the dual connectivity; and measuring the second link based on an index read time period.

12. Method, according to claim 11, characterized in that the index reading time period is a gapless integer of the index reading period multiplied by a synchronization Signal Block-based or Signal Block-based measurement timing setting period for a measured cell.

13. Method, according to claim 12, characterized in that the integer without period gaps of index reading is a first value when the measured cell is reported and a second value otherwise.

14. Method, according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the implementation of a measurement behavior from the determination, the measurement behavior configured to reduce any preparation or resumption delay with respect to the implementation of dual connectivity and / or carrier aggregation, further comprises: determining that the device has measurements with respect to a second link Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 197 / 264 5 / 5 of dual connectivity; and further, measuring the second link based on an index read time period, validating, over a validation time period, an additional set of measurements.

15. Method, according to claim 14, characterized in that the index read time period is a gapless integer of the index read period multiplied by a synchronization signal block-based measurement timing setting period for a measured cell, the gapless integer of the index read period being a first value.

16. Apparatus, characterized in that it comprises means for carrying out the method defined in any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. Apparatus, characterized in that it comprises at least one processor and at least one memory that stores instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least perform the method defined in any one of claims 1 to 15. Petition 870250080970, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 198 / 264

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