SMART ADAPTER FOR A BREATHING TRAINING DEVICE

Abstract

An intelligent adaptor (10) for a breathing training device comprising a first end (12) to attach to a mouthpiece of the device, and a second end (14) to be received into a user's mouth. The ends (12, 14) are connected by a passageway (16) that provides a sealed chamber between the user's lungs and the mouthpiece, such that if the measured pressure within the passageway (16) crosses a threshold value, a resistance valve within the device moves from a first to a second configuration to allow the user to breathe freely through the device. The adaptor (10) includes a control system (20) comprising a pressure sensor (22) to measure user-generated pressure within the passageway (16) during a training session; and, a transceiver (24) to receive this pressure measurement data and transmit the data to a computing device for analysis.

Description

1 / 37 SMART ADAPTER FOR A BREATHING TRAINING DEVICE FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[001] The present invention relates to an intelligent adapter for a breathing training device and to systems and methods related thereto, as well as to a computer system for monitoring a user's breathing performance when using such adapter. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] Breathing training devices are typically used to train the muscles that control breathing, with the goal of improving the strength and tenacity of the respiratory muscles. They work by providing resistance to the user's inspiratory (inhalation) or expiratory (exhalation) efforts. The user typically inhales or exhales through the device against a resistance, such as a spring-loaded valve or a magnetic resistance, which helps to strengthen the muscles used for breathing.

[003] Such devices may be beneficial for people with chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis, as well as for athletes and individuals seeking to improve their respiratory fitness.

[004] The present invention seeks to provide means for improving such breathing training devices. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[005] According to a first aspect of the invention, an intelligent adapter is provided for a breathing training device, the adapter comprising: a first end configured to connect to the mouthpiece of a breathing training device; a second end configured to be received Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 14 / 78 2 / 37 in a user's mouth, so that a seal is created during use around the second end of the adapter; the first and second ends being connected by a passage, the passage being configured to provide a sealed chamber, in use, between at least the user's lungs and the mouthpiece of the breathing training device, such that if a pressure measured within the passage exceeds a limit value, a resistance valve located within the breathing training device moves from a first to a second configuration to allow the user to breathe freely through the device; and, a control system comprising: A pressure sensor configured to measure user-generated pressure within the passageway at predefined time increments during a training session; and a transceiver configured to receive pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor and transmit the data to a computing device for analysis.

[006] The present invention recognizes that most mechanical breathing training devices, or lung muscle trainers, require the user to set the required resistance level by manually turning a knob on the device to adjust the resistance load provided by the valve. However, such devices do not allow the user to monitor their performance during a training session and then receive detailed feedback on a range of breathing performance indicators, nor do they allow them to monitor their progress over multiple training sessions.

[007] The present invention, therefore, provides a smart adapter that can be adapted to the mouthpiece of training devices. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 15 / 78 3 / 37 of the current breath is used to form a new mouthpiece with additional functionality. The smart adapter communicates with a computing device to provide the user with feedback on their training sessions. Before starting a training session, the user can enter their target resistance level and intended activity into the computing device. Then, during and after the training session, the computing device provides feedback to the user, such as how close they were to reaching their target resistance level or whether they managed to reach their target resistance level. This functionality allows the user to monitor their performance throughout their training session and make necessary adjustments. It can also allow the user to track their progress across multiple (or all) training sessions.Thus, an advantage of the aspects and modalities of the present invention is that the measured data and calculated values ​​relating to the use of the training device are displayed to the user in real time, to allow the user or their trained medical professional (such as a physiotherapist) to monitor, track and optimize the use of their mechanical training device, which previously was not capable of providing such information and feedback.

[008] In addition, the computing device can analyze the measured and calculated values ​​to provide the user with automated suggestions on how to improve the use of the device and optimize their training. In this way, the computing device can act as a virtual trainer on the correct use of the training device.

[009] The pressure sensor can be configured to measure the pressure generated by the user's lungs at the sensor location in predefined time increments. The predefined time increments can be at least 42 ms, optionally from 42 ms to 210 ms. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 16 / 78 4 / 37 ms, optionally from 100 ms to 200 ms, optionally up to a maximum of 210 ms. Thus, the sampling rate can be up to approximately 24 Hz. Predefined time increments can be chosen so that the pressure sensor can properly detect when a user starts an inhalation, ends an inhalation, starts an exhalation, and ends an exhalation.

[0010] The user can generate pressure in the passage being used during an inspiration or expiration.

[0011] The transceiver can be configured to communicate with the computing device via a wired or wireless connection. In particular, the transceiver can be configured to communicate with the computing device via a Bluetooth connection. The computing device can be a mobile device with Bluetooth functionality, such as a smartphone or laptop.

[0012] The computing device may comprise a software application, the software application being configured to: - receive information from a user related to a target resistance level provided by the resistance valve; thus determining the limit value that must be exceeded during a training session to move the valve from the first to the second setting; - receive pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor; and, - To determine at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance based, at least, on a comparison of the target resistance level with the pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor.

[0013] In some modalities, at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance may additionally be based on one or more of the following: Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 17 / 78 5 / 37 - the number of times the pressure sensor's pressure measurement data fell within or exceeded the target resistance level for more than a predefined period of time (successful attempts); - the number of times the actual pressure measurement data fell within or exceeded the target resistance level for less than a predefined period of time (unsuccessful attempts); - the number of times the actual pressure measurement data was lower than the target resistance level (unsuccessful attempts); - the time required to reach the pressure limit needed to move the valve from the first to the second setting; - the inspiration or expiration time of the previous successful attempt; - the maximum air pressure generated and / or the average air pressure generated during the training session; - the inspiration time of the previous inspiration and / or the average inspiration time during the training session; - the expiration time of the previous expiration and / or the average expiration time; - the average level of endurance achieved during the training session; - the total measurement time, which defines the duration of a training session; and, - the average pressure-time product (PTP) achieved and / or the total pressure-time product (PTP) achieved during the training session.

[0014] Thus, an attempt can only be registered as successful if the user 1) generates an air pressure within or above the Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 18 / 78 6 / 37 your target resistance level and 2) remain at or above your target resistance level for a minimum period of time. If either of these conditions is not met, the attempt may be recorded as unsuccessful.

[0015] In some modes, the software application can also be configured to display pressure measurement data, for example, plotted against time increment data, in real time during a training session. The software application can also be configured to display at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance in real time during a training session. The at least one breathing performance indicator can be updated and displayed in real time as the training session progresses. In some modes, the at least one breathing performance indicator can be compared to the same breathing performance indicator from a previous training session, so that the user can monitor their progress.One advantage of the embodiments of the invention is that the user or a trained medical professional (such as a physiotherapist) can monitor, track, and optimize the use of the training device to enable the user to achieve their training goals.

[0016] In some modalities, two or more breathing performance indicators can be combined to form at least one breathing performance indicator that is easier to use. The software application can also be configured to update and display at least one easy-to-use breathing performance indicator in real time during a training session. The at least one easy-to-use breathing performance indicator can be more easily understood by the user, thus facilitating the monitoring of their performance. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 19 / 78 7 / 37

[0017] The software application can be configured to analyze pressure measurement data and / or at least one respiratory performance indicator, for example, by comparing them with previous values ​​and / or appropriate limit values, and can provide the user with one or more automated suggestions on how to improve the use of the device and optimize their training. In this way, the computing device can act as an instructor on the correct use of the training device.

[0018] The smart adapter may also comprise a power source, such as a rechargeable power source. For example, the smart adapter may comprise a battery. The smart adapter may comprise an input for connecting the adapter to an external power source. For example, the external power source may be a mains power source and, preferably, may be used to recharge the battery by means of a power adapter.

[0019] In some embodiments, the adapter may be further configured to receive a selectively removable plug. In some embodiments, the passage at the first end may be configured to receive, at least partially, the selectively removable plug. In use, the passage at the first end may be connected to a breathing training device and / or a plug. In some embodiments, in use, the plug may substantially obstruct (i.e., substantially restrict, block, or close) the passage at the first end, preventing (or at least minimizing) airflow between the user's lungs and the plug, and allowing the user to generate pressure (e.g., an increase or decrease in pressure) within the passage under isometric conditions.

[0020] In this document, isometric conditions are understood Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 20 / 78 8 / 37 as a change in pressure for a constant volume of air. The pressure generated under isometric conditions is measurable by the pressure sensor. In such modes, the adapter can be used to perform isometric tests of respiratory muscle strength.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the invention, a system is provided for monitoring a user's breathing performance, the system comprising: a breathing training device; the breathing training device comprising a mouthpiece and a resistance valve, and arranged in such a way that the resistance valve moves from a first to a second setting if the air pressure generated by the user inside the device exceeds a limit value; and a smart adapter according to the first aspect of the invention; where the smart adapter is mounted on the mouthpiece of the breathing training device and provides a configured passage to provide a sealed chamber in use between at least the user's lungs and the mouthpiece of the breathing training device.

[0022] Thus, the smart adapter can be adapted to any suitable breathing training device. For example, training devices developed by the Applicant, such as (but not limited to) the POWERbreathe Plus line, the POWERbreathe Medic Plus line and the POWERbreathe EXI line.

[0023] The first configuration can be a closed position and the second configuration can be an open position. Alternatively, the first configuration can be an open position and the second configuration can be a closed position.

[0024] The resistance valve can be configured to mo Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 21 / 78 9 / 37 see from the first to the second setting by means of an inspiration or an expiration. Thus, the breathing training device can be an inspiratory training device or an expiratory training device.

[0025] The resistance valve can be adjustable. The resistance load supplied by the valve can be adjusted to increase or decrease the threshold value at which the valve moves from the first to the second setting.

[0026] The resistance load provided by the resistance valve can be varied incrementally, such as in increments of 8 cmH2O, 16 cmH2O, or 25 cmH2O, up to a maximum resistance load. Each increment can correspond to a resistance level, and each resistance level can encompass a range of resistance loads, for example, from 8 cmH2O to 16 cmH2O, 16 cmH2O to 24 cmH2O, and so on. There can be up to 10 progressively increasing resistance levels, optionally more than 10, such as 11 progressively increasing resistance levels, each defined by a range of resistance loads. In use, the user can choose their target resistance level before starting a training session.

[0027] Each resistance level may comprise a threshold value that must be exceeded to move the valve from the first to the second setting. Predefined time increments may be sufficient to allow the pressure sensor to properly detect when a user enters and exits a resistance level.

[0028] The resistance valve may comprise an adjustable spring. In use, adjusting the physical properties of the spring (such as length or amount of torsion) may alter the limit value and thus make it more difficult or easier to move the valve from the first to the second setting. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 22 / 78 10 / 37

[0029] According to a third aspect of the invention, a method is provided for monitoring the breathing performance of a user using the system according to the second aspect of the invention, the method comprising: - to input a target resistance level into a computing device; - Place the second end of the smart adapter in the user's mouth so that a seal is created around the second end of the adapter; - to generate pressure within the passage between the user and the resistance valve; - Measure the air pressure inside the passage at predefined time increments; - transmit air pressure measurements to a computing device; - determine at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance based on at least one comparison of the target resistance level with air pressure measurements; and - To display blood pressure measurement data and / or at least one respiratory performance indicator on one or more screens of the computing device for user viewing.

[0030] The method may also include analysis of pressure measurement data and / or at least one respiratory performance indicator, for example, comparing them with previous values ​​and / or appropriate limit values, and providing the user with one or more automated suggestions on how to improve the use of the device and optimize their training.

[0031] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a computer system is provided for monitoring a user's breathing performance, the computer system including at least one Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 23 / 78 11 / 37 processor to execute program instructions configured for: - to receive information from a user related to a target resistance level; - receive pressure measurement data from the smart adapter according to the first or second aspects of the invention; - Determine at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance based, at least, on a comparison of the target resistance level with pressure measurement data; - To display pressure measurement data and / or at least one respiratory performance indicator on one or more screens of a display device for user viewing.

[0032] At least one processor can also be configured to analyze pressure measurement data and / or at least one breathing performance indicator, for example, by comparing with previous values ​​and / or with appropriate limit values, and can provide the user with one or more automated suggestions on how to improve the use of the device and optimize their training.

[0033] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, a system is provided for determining the isometric respiratory muscle strength of a user, the system comprising: - a smart adapter with a first end and a second end connected by a passage, and a selectively removable plug located at least partially within the first end to substantially occlude the passage; wherein the second end is configured to be received in a user's mouth, so that, in use, a substantially sealed chamber is created between at least the user's lungs and the plug, thus enabling the user to generate pressure within the passage by activating their respiratory muscles under isometric conditions; Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 24 / 78 12 / 37 - the smart adapter further comprising a control system, the control system comprising: - a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure generated within the passage in predefined time increments during activation of the user's respiratory muscles under isometric conditions; and, - a transceiver configured to receive pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor and transmit the data to a computing device for analysis.

[0034] In use, the volume of air between the user's lungs and the plug may remain substantially constant, since there is no airflow, or negligible airflow, between the user's lungs and the plug. The user may therefore generate, in use, an increase or decrease in pressure within the passage by activating their respiratory muscles under isometric conditions (i.e., expanding or contracting their lungs to a constant volume of air).

[0035] In some embodiments, the plug may comprise an orifice that extends axially through the plug. The orifice may be a pressure outlet, so that, in use, a small amount of pressure generated by the user may leak through the plug. In use, the presence of the orifice may help to prevent the user from generating any pressure using the cheek muscles (e.g., the buccinator muscle) and / or prevent glottal closure (i.e., the closing of the vocal folds / cords), thus helping to ensure that any pressure within the passage is generated, as far as possible, by the user's respiratory muscles.

[0036] In use, pressure measurements obtained with the plug provided can be used to determine the user's maximum respiratory pressure, which may be indicative of the maximum strength of the user's respiratory muscles. In this document, it is understood that Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 25 / 78 13 / 37 maximum respiratory pressure is the maximum expiratory pressure and / or the maximum inspiratory pressure generated under isometric conditions, and by respiratory muscles is the expiratory and / or inspiratory muscles, respectively.

[0037] In some embodiments, the computing device may comprise a software application, which may be configured to: - Receive pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor; - Identify a maximum respiratory pressure based on the received pressure measurement data; and, - to determine at least one resistance level for the user based, at least in part, on a comparison of the identified maximum respiratory pressure, or a percentage thereof, with resistance loads associated with a resistance valve located within a chosen breathing training device.

[0038] The chosen breathing training device can be an inspiratory training device or an expiratory training device. The resistance load can be adjusted during use to increase or decrease the load delivered by the resistance valve, thus increasing or decreasing the air pressure required to move the resistance valve from a first to a second setting.

[0039] At least one resistance level can be determined based on a percentage of the maximum respiratory pressure generated, for example, 30%, 40% and / or 50%. However, it should be noted that at least one resistance level can be based on any other suitable percentage of the maximum respiratory pressure generated.

[0040] In the modalities, at least one level of resistance Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 26 / 78 14 / 37 can be further determined based on user input regarding their previous and current lung health, including activity levels and smoking habits, any previous breathing training sessions, and future goals.

[0041] In the modalities, the software application can be further configured to display at least one resistance level, optionally along with at least one recommended training program (or plan or guide), for example, the number of breaths per training session and / or the number of training sessions per day. In the modalities, a target resistance level can be selected from at least one resistance level based on user input, so that any future training sessions can be initiated based on the target resistance level. In this way, the computing device can act as a coach to provide the user with guidance on selecting an appropriate resistance level to begin training, thus helping to optimize training to ensure continuous progression.

[0042] According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a method is provided for determining the isometric respiratory muscle strength of a user using the system according to the fifth aspect of the invention, the method comprising: - Place the second end of the smart adapter in the user's mouth so that a substantially sealed chamber is created between at least the user's lungs and the plug, thus allowing the user to generate pressure within the passage after activating their respiratory muscles under isometric conditions; - to generate pressure within the passage between the user's lungs and the plug; - measure the air pressure inside the passage in increments Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 27 / 78 15 / 37 preset time slots; - transmit pressure measurements to a computing device; - to determine a maximum respiratory pressure generated by the user based on the received pressure measurement data; and, - to determine at least one level of resistance for the user based, at least in part, on a comparison of the maximum respiratory pressure generated, or a percentage thereof, with resistance loads associated with a resistance valve located within a chosen breathing training device.

[0043] The method may also include displaying pressure measurements and / or maximum generated respiratory pressure and / or at least one resistance level on one or more screens of a computing device for user viewing. In some modalities, the method may also include displaying one or more training programs (or plans or guides) associated with each resistance level (e.g., the number of breaths per training session and / or the number of training sessions per day).

[0044] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise selecting a target resistance level from at least one resistance level based on user input. In these embodiments, the selected target resistance level may be entered manually or automatically into the computing device before the start of a training session, according to the first, second, third and / or fourth aspects of the invention.

[0045] Although the invention has been described above, it extends to any inventive combination presented above or in the description or drawings below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 28 / 78 16 / 37

[0046] Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail by way of example only and with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0047] Fig. 1a shows various perspective views of a smart adapter according to aspects of the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 1b shows a cross-sectional view of the smart adapter in Fig. 1a;

[0049] Fig. 1c shows an exploded view of the smart adapter in Fig. 1a;

[0050] Fig. 1d shows a perspective cross-sectional view of the smart adapter in Fig. 1a;

[0051] Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the smart adapter connected to a breathing training device, according to aspects of the present invention;

[0052] Fig. 3 shows an exemplary graph of air pressure measurements over time to demonstrate the detection of the initial and final points of inspiration and expiration;

[0053] Fig. 4 shows an additional illustrative graph of air pressure measurements over time to demonstrate the detection of different resistance levels;

[0054] Fig. 5 shows a graph of air pressure measurements demonstrating successful and unsuccessful inspirations;

[0055] Fig. 6 shows a flowchart of a computational algorithm, according to aspects of the present invention;

[0056] Fig. 7a shows an example of a mobile phone screen displaying various breathing performance indicators from a breathing training session;

[0057] Fig. 7b shows a further example of a mobile phone screen displaying a respiratory performance indicator monitored over time; Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 29 / 78 17 / 37

[0058] Fig. 8A shows several perspective views of a plug for use with the smart adapter of Figs. 1a-d;

[0059] Fig. 8B shows front and rear perspective views of an alternative plug for use with the smart adapter as shown in Figs. 1a-d;

[0060] Fig. 9 shows a system comprising the plug of Fig. 8 connected to the smart adapter of Figs. 1a - d, according to other aspects of the present invention;

[0061] Fig. 10a shows an example of a mobile phone screen display of the results of an isometric respiratory muscle strength test using the system in Fig. 9;

[0062] Fig. 10b shows an example of a mobile phone screen displaying the suggested resistance levels based, at least in part, on the test results in Fig. 10a; and,

[0063] Figs. 11a and 11b show examples of pop-up display on a mobile phone screen, providing additional information about suggested resistance levels. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES

[0064] The present invention relates to a smart adapter that can be connected to the mouthpiece of a breathing training device to monitor a series of indicators of a user's breathing performance during a training session. This is achieved by providing the smart adapter with a pressure sensor to measure the pressure generated by the user at predefined time increments and then transmitting these measurements to a computing device where they are analyzed to determine various indicators of breathing performance. The user can monitor their performance during a single training session and also monitor their performance across multiple training sessions. The ability to monitor their progress can allow the user to Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 30 / 78 18 / 37 Ario, make the necessary adjustments to your training plan so that you can achieve your desired performance.

[0065] Figs. 1a to 1d show an adapter 10 for attachment to a breathing training device, and Fig. 2 shows a system by which the adapter 10 is attached to a breathing training device 50. The adapter 10 comprises a first end 12 that attaches to the mouthpiece 52 of the breathing training device 50 and a second end 14 into which the user breathes during use. The first and second ends 12 and 14 are connected by a passage 16. The device 50 comprises a resistance valve (not shown) that moves between the closed and open positions when a limit value of atmospheric pressure is exceeded. The resistance valve can be adjusted so that the limit atmospheric pressure is increased or decreased between predefined limits to make the valve movement more difficult or easier.It should be noted that adapter 10 may be formed from single or multiple molded parts, for example, having the main body with separate nozzle and airway, as shown in Fig. 1c, or, for example, having three parts comprising the main body, nozzle and airway (not shown).

[0066] Device 50 in the present example is an inspiratory training device, meaning that the resistance valve provides a resistance load when the user inhales. There is no resistance load or a minimal load during exhalation. When the user inhales, the pressure inside the device decreases. The air pressure must fall below a threshold value to move the valve from the closed to the open position and allow air to flow freely between the device and the user's lungs.

[0067] Adjusting the resistance valve adjusts the resistance load supplied by the valve and therefore adjusts the limit pressure value. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 31 / 78 19 / 37 Increasing the pressure threshold makes opening the valve more difficult (requires more effort because a greater pressure drop is needed), while decreasing the pressure threshold makes opening the valve easier (requires less effort because a smaller pressure drop is needed).

[0068] The resistance load can be varied incrementally, so that each increment can cover a range of resistance loads. Each range, therefore, can define a resistance level, with the limit value being the minimum drop in air pressure required to reach a level and open the valve. As will be described later, before the start of a training session, the user can set a target resistance level depending on their abilities and training goals.

[0069] The adapter 10 further comprises a control system 20. The control system 20 is powered by a rechargeable power source, such as a battery 28. The adapter 10 also comprises a power input 26, which is configured to connect to an external power source. For example, the power input 26 may be a micro-USB port configured to connect to a 5-volt USB power adapter to charge the battery. The adapter may also include a visual indicator, for example, to illustrate that it is operational or switched on. This may be, for example, an LED that shines through a hole in the main body of the adapter or an LED that shines through the material of the main body.

[0070] In use, a sealed chamber is formed between the user's lungs, passage 16, mouthpiece 52, and all the way to the resistance valve. The control system 20 comprises a pressure sensor 22 that measures the pressure generated by the user within passage 16 at predefined time increments during a training session. Specifically, the pressure sensor 22 measures the pressure generated by the user within the sealed chamber. The sensor of Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 32 / 78 20 / 37 pressure 22 measures the air pressure generated by the user at sensor 22 location in passage 16. In this example, the preset time increments are 42 ms, which provides a sampling rate of approximately 24 Hz. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and as will be described later, the preset time increments are sufficient to allow pressure sensor 22 to properly detect when a user attempts to open the valve (in cases where the time to open the valve is greater than a minimum time limit) and also to properly detect when a user moves between resistance levels. The margin of error for time-related variables is equal to the size of the increments (in this case, 42 ms). In the embodiments, the margins of error for the pressure sensor measurements are not significant and can be disregarded.

[0071] The control system 20 further comprises a transceiver 24 which, in use, receives pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor 22 and transmits it to a computing device for analysis. The computing device is preferably a smartphone with Bluetooth functionality, and the transceiver 24 is a wireless Bluetooth device. The analysis performed by the smartphone involves the determination of several indicators of the user's breathing performance, as will be discussed below.

[0072] The smartphone comprises a software application, referred to as an application. As will be described in more detail below, before the start of the training session, the user can inform the application of their target resistance level. During the session, the application receives pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor 22 and uses it to determine various indicators of the user's breathing performance, including how many times the user exceeded the pressure threshold for their target resistance level.

[0073] A non-limiting implementation of adapter 10 will be Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 33 / 78 21 / 37 described in use.

[0074] To begin, the user opens the application on their smartphone (or first downloads the application from the appropriate app store). They will have the option to log in if they already have an account or, otherwise, they will have the option to create an account.

[0075] The account setup procedure will require the user to enter a number of details, such as personal information (e.g., name, email address, date of birth, gender, height, and weight) and respiratory health information (e.g., activity levels, smoking habits, and any respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). The user will also be asked to enter information about their breathing training device (e.g., model, resistance type, and color) and the reasons for using the device (e.g., fitness or rehabilitation, the intended number of sessions per day, and the intended number of training days per week), and will then be guided through the process of pairing their smart adapter 10 with the app via Bluetooth functionality.

[0076] The app will then guide the user through the process of making the first recording, including how to adjust the device's resistance load 50 and enter their target resistance level.

[0077] After the user logs into their account, or creates an account and completes the setup process, the user can start recording their training sessions.

[0078] Before starting a training session, the user adjusts the resistance valve on the device 50 to their target resistance level and enters that target resistance level into the app. The user then places the second end 14 of the adapter 10 in their mouth, forms a seal around the second end 14 using their lips, and begins breathing through the device. The user also indicates Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 34 / 78 22 / 37 to the application that wants to start recording the training session, which allows the application to begin plotting the pressure measurements sent by the 22 pressure sensor as the user inhales and exhales. During their inhalations, the user attempts to provide a sufficient drop in air pressure within the device to cross the threshold and open the valve at their target resistance level.

[0079] As the user generates pressure in passage 16 during inhalation and exhalation attempts, pressure sensor 22 takes a pressure reading every 42 ms. The pressure measurements are sent to the app via transceiver 24 and plotted on the smartphone screen in real time. Figs. 3 and 4 show example graphs of pressure readings (y-axis) as a function of time (x-axis), enlarged to demonstrate the app's ability to detect the start and end points of each inhalation and exhalation, as well as the entry and exit of different resistance levels.

[0080] Fig. 3 shows that a sampling rate of 24 Hz (42 ms) is sufficient to detect the moments when the user starts inhalation 31, finishes inhalation 32, starts exhalation 33, finishes exhalation 34, and then starts inhalation again 31. Fig. 4 then shows that the 24 Hz sampling rate is also sufficient to detect when a user enters and exits different resistance levels. Between approximately 1.4 and 1.6 minutes, the algorithm detects that the air pressure generated by the user during inhalation has exceeded the threshold value for entering resistance level 4 and then exiting resistance level 4 again, as the generated air pressure begins to increase. In this example, resistance level 4 is defined by a drop in air pressure of approximately 35 to 40 cmH2O.Furthermore, between approximately 1.7 and 1.9 minutes, the algorithm detects that the air pressure generated by the user during an inhalation has crossed the limit value for entering the required level. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 35 / 78 23 / 37 resistance level 5, and then exit resistance level 5 again as the generated air pressure begins to increase. In this example, resistance level 5 is defined by a drop in air pressure of approximately 40 to 45 cmH2O. Finally, between approximately 1.95 and 2.15 minutes, the algorithm detects that the air pressure generated by the user during an inspiration has crossed the air pressure threshold to enter resistance level 6, and then exit resistance level 6 again as the generated air pressure begins to increase. In this example, resistance level 6 is defined by a drop in air pressure of approximately 50 to 55 cmH2O. As will be described in more detail below, the algorithm compares the above readings with the user's target resistance level and alerts them whenever they reach the target resistance level and open the valve.A count is displayed on the screen along with the pressure graph, which shows the number of successful breaths and the total number of breath attempts.

[0081] Fig. 5 shows an additional example graph of part of a user's training session, and Fig. 6 shows the process for determining whether an inspiration attempt should be recorded as successful. Adapter 10 and device 50 start at atmospheric pressure. At step 40, the user initiates an inspiration attempt. When the pressure drops by at least one predefined value below zero (the predefined value being dependent on the resistance level), the algorithm records that an inspiration attempt has been initiated and adds 1 to the total number of inspiration attempts. During this attempt, the user progresses through different resistance levels until a maximum drop in air pressure is reached at step 41. In this example, the drop in air pressure is not sufficient to reach the target level (Lo); however, the user manages to maintain this drop in air pressure for at least a minimum period of Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 36 / 78 24 / 37 time, which allows the algorithm to detect that a resistance level lower than the target level has been reached. In step 42, when the air pressure begins to increase, the inhalation attempt is recorded as unsuccessful because the target level was not reached and therefore the valve was not opened.

[0082] In steps 43 and 44, the user initiates and terminates an exhalation. The algorithm detects that an exhalation has begun when the pressure increases to at least one predefined (level-dependent) value above zero and ends when the pressure falls below the predefined (level-dependent) value above zero. This data is not used to determine breathing performance indicators. However, this data is still collected and monitored because in some scenarios a user may benefit from a notification advising them to take longer exhalations to avoid hyperventilation.

[0083] The user then returns to step 40 and initiates another inhalation attempt. The algorithm detects that another inhalation attempt has been initiated when the pressure drops by at least one predefined value (dependent on the level) below zero and adds 1 to the total number of inhalation attempts. During this attempt, the air pressure drop caused by the inhalation attempt falls within the target resistance level (step 45) or falls within a higher resistance level (step 46). In either case, the pressure drop is sufficient to open the resistance valve. In step 47, if the time the user remains within or above the target resistance level covers a minimum period, the inhalation attempt is recorded as successful in step 48. The algorithm then adds 1 to the number of successful inhalations.

[0084] If the user is able to provide a sufficient drop in air pressure during inspiration to reach the target level, but Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 37 / 78 If the 25 / 37 valve is unable to maintain the required air pressure for the minimum time, and therefore the valve is not opened (or is not fully opened for a sufficient time), the inhalation attempt is recorded as unsuccessful.

[0085] The end of the inspiration attempt is detected in step 49, as when the air pressure increases to less than a predefined value (dependent on the level) below zero.

[0086] Thus, to register an attempt as successful, the user must cross the threshold to their target resistance level and remain within that level for a minimum period of time. If one or both conditions are not met, the attempt is registered as unsuccessful.

[0087] In the example above, the minimum time is defined as 136.36 ms. Therefore, if a user maintains pressure within a given resistance level for at least 136.36 ms, the algorithm records that this resistance level was the highest level reached. The algorithm can then determine how the highest level reached compares to the target resistance level.

[0088] During the training session, the recorded data includes: - the number of successful inspirations; - the number of attempts at inspiration; - the time required to reach the pressure limit needed to open the valve during the previous successful attempt; - the inspiration time of the previous successful inspiration and the average inspiration time; - the maximum pressure reached during the previous inspiration and the maximum inspiratory pressure achieved overall; - the expiration time of the previous expiration and the average expiration time; Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 38 / 78 26 / 37 - the maximum expiratory pressure reached; - the average respiratory rate per minute; - the average time to open the valve; - the last resistance level reached and the highest resistance level reached; - the total registration time; - the average pressure-time product (PTP) achieved and / or the total pressure-time product (PTP) achieved during the training session; and, - the type of activity (that the user enters at the beginning of a session).

[0089] At least some of the data recorded above is displayed in the application in real time for user viewing. For example, Fig. 7a shows an example display screen 60 on a smartphone device, which displays the following information: - the average resistance load (the average resistance level achieved per breath in a session; the higher the value, the greater the effort required per breath); - Maximum inspiratory pressure (the maximum air pressure reached (i.e., the maximum pressure drop) in a training session; the higher the value, the greater the effort required); - accuracy score (the ratio of how many times the target resistance level was successfully reached compared to the number of unsuccessful attempts); - successful inspirations (how many times the target resistance level was successfully reached); - average inspiration time (how long the user sustained an inspiration within the target resistance level; the higher the value, the longer the duration of controlled inspiration against a resistance load); and, Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 39 / 78 27 / 37 - Average time to lift the valve (how quickly the user was able to generate a sufficient drop in pressure to open the valve and inhale through the device).

[0090] Thus, entering the target resistance level into the application before starting a training session will allow the algorithm to notify the user in real time when they reach their target resistance level and also count the number of times they have reached that level. The algorithm also analyzes pressure measurement data and / or at least one breathing performance indicator, for example, comparing them with previous values ​​and / or appropriate limit values, and can provide the user with one or more automated suggestions on how to improve device use and optimize their training. The software application can provide one or more automated suggestions based on, among other things, the following scenarios (or combinations thereof): - Discourage hyperventilation by measuring the duration of unloaded (non-resistance) exhalations or inhalations after each loaded (resistance) breath, and if this is consistently below or above a specific limit, send a reminder to the user to perform longer or shorter unloaded exhalations or inhalations. - End a session at the appropriate time, using a continuous count of the number of successful inhalations or exhalations and comparing it to a user-defined training protocol. When the number of successful attempts matches the number defined in the training protocol, the user will be reminded to end the session, so that they do not take excessive or insufficient breaths. - Ensure adequate respiratory duration by using the duration of inspirations or inspirations with a load and comparing it. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 40 / 78 28 / 37 with an ideal duration and, if this is consistently too short or too long, notify the user to try increasing or decreasing the duration of their breaths or breaths with load, respectively. - To ensure an adequate training level, using the average duration of breaths or breaths with load and comparing it to a limit duration, and if this is greater or less than the limit duration, the user can be notified to increase or decrease a resistance level, respectively. - Discourage ineffective training by using the time required to reach a pressure threshold, as well as the time required for the pressure to return to atmospheric pressure, to identify how tired the user may be and, if the user is considered tired or having difficulties, suggest that they end the session early. - Encourage proper breathing technique, using the time required to reach the pressure threshold needed to move the valve and comparing it to a time limit. If the required time is considered too slow, encourage the user to increase the intensity of their breathing to produce more intense and powerful pressure increases. - Ensure an adequate training level by using the average time required to reach the pressure threshold needed to move the valve and comparing it to a time limit. If this time limit is considered greater or less than the threshold, the user can be notified to increase or decrease the resistance level, respectively. - Ensure an adequate training level by using average pressure in all inspiratory attempts during a training session and comparing it to a limit value. If it is considered higher or lower than the limit value, the user can be... Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 41 / 78 29 / 37 certified to increase or decrease a resistance level, respectively.

[0091] In this way, the application can guide the user on the correct use of the chosen respiratory muscle training device to help optimize their training.

[0092] Fig. 7b shows another example of display screen 70 on a smartphone device, which allows the user (or another person, such as a medical professional) to monitor their progress over a period of time, such as a week, a month, a year, or over all time. The displayed statistics can be changed by pressing the button 72 at the bottom of the screen. In the example shown, the user is viewing their maximum inspiratory pressure statistics over all time, with a monthly average. If the user chooses to view their progress by month, the chosen statistic is displayed as a daily average. Fig. 7b shows that the user's maximum inspiratory pressure (i.e., the maximum pressure drop recorded) improved dramatically between January and February of that year.

[0093] Fig. 8A shows a selectively removable plug 80 for use with adapter 10, and Fig. 9 shows a system by which plug 80 is attached to adapter 10 according to some aspects of the invention. Adapter 10 can be attached, in use, to device 50 or to plug 80. However, it should be noted that, in some examples, the adapter can be configured to attach, in use, to both device 50 and plug 80, so that plug 80 can form an interface between adapter 10 and device 50.

[0094] In some examples, plug 80 may have a top hat shape, as shown in Fig. 8. In such examples, plug 80 comprises a hollow portion 82 extending axially, having a first end 80a and a second end 80b and of Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, p. 42 / 78 30 / 37 defining a passage 83. The first end 80a comprises a radial base section 84 with a pin hole 85 extending axially through the base section 84. The cross-sectional area of ​​the pin hole 85 is significantly smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the passage 83 (and also the passage 16).

[0095] The second end 80b comprises a ring or flange 81 that extends radially outward from the axial extension portion 82. In use, the flange 81 acts as a stop to help limit the distance the axial extension portion 82 can be inserted into the passage 16 during assembly. Additionally, the plug 80 is configured so that a user can hold the flange 81, in use, to separate the plug 80 from the adapter 10 (for example, if they wish to instead connect a device 50 to start a training session).

[0096] The axially extending portion 82 comprises an outer surface 82a and an inner surface 82b, the inner surface 82b defining passage 83. In addition, the adapter 10 comprises an inner surface 10a and an outer surface 10b, the inner surface 10b defining passage 16 (shown in Figs. 1b and 1d). The outer surface 82a is complementary in size and shape to the inner surface 10a.

[0097] In particular, the cross-sectional dimensions of the outer surface 82a are slightly larger than the corresponding cross-sectional dimensions of the inner surface 10a, so that, during assembly, the axially extending portion 82 can be press-fitted into the passage 16 at the first end 12 until the flange 81 contacts the first end 12 of the adapter 10, thus preventing any further inward movement of the passage 16.

[0098] Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 1b, passage 16 Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 43 / 78 31 / 37 comprises a protrusion 18, against which the first end 80a of plug 80 may rest after assembly. The presence of a protrusion 18 may help to prevent plug 80 (or alternatively nozzle 52) from making contact with and potentially damaging the pressure sensor 22 during assembly.

[0099] The outer surface 82a and the inner surface 10a also comprise interlocking features that can engage when the axial extension portion 82 is fully inserted into the passage 16 (i.e., when the flange 81 contacts the first end 12 of the adapter 10 and / or the base section 84 contacts the shoulder 18). For example, the outer surface 82a comprises a projection 86a configured to engage with a complementary recess 86b in the inner surface 10a (shown in Fig. 1d). Thus, the plug 80 can be retained within the passage 16 by engagement between the projection 86a and the complementary recess 86b.

[00100] Once assembled, passage 16 and passage 83 are substantially coaxial, and plug 80 substantially occludes the first end 12 of passage 16, substantially restricting or blocking any airflow through the passage. Plug 80 can be used in combination with adapter 10 when performing an isometric respiratory muscle strength test, such as a maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) test or a maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) test, which aims to determine the maximum strength of the user's respiratory muscles (i.e., their inspiratory and / or expiratory muscles).

[00101] Before starting a training session, plug 80 can be removed from passage 16, for example, by disengaging projection 86a from the complementary recess 86b and sliding the axially extending portion 82 out of passage 16 (for example, by holding flange 81 and applying a pulling force). The adapter Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 44 / 78 32 / 37 can then be attached to device 50 and used in the manner described above.

[00102] An alternative embodiment of an 80' plug is shown in Figure 8B, in which the same attributes are given the same reference numbers and only the differences will be discussed here. In this embodiment, a cylindrical inner part 88 is provided through passage 83, being molded into the inner surface of the extension portion 82 and terminating in the hole 89 beyond the base section 84.

[00103] A non-limiting implementation of adapter 10 will now be described in use when combined with plug 80.

[00104] The user can begin by opening the app, accessing their account (or setting one up), and pairing their breathing training device with the app via Bluetooth, as described above. The user can then select the option to perform a maximum respiratory pressure test, which effectively provides a measure of the maximum strength of the user's respiratory muscles. For example, if the paired device is an inspiratory training device, such as the 50 device, the user may have the option to perform a MIP test. This test will provide an effective measure of the maximum strength of the user's inspiratory muscles. In other examples, if the paired device is an expiratory training device, the user may have the option to perform a MEP test, thus effectively measuring the maximum strength of the user's expiratory muscles.

[00105] Before starting the MIP (or MEP) test, the user assembles adapter 10 and plug 80 as described above. Once assembled, plug 80 substantially occludes (or restricts, blocks, or closes) passage 16 at the first end 12. The user can also indicate in the application that they wish to start recording the test, which Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 45 / 78 33 / 37 allows the application to start recording pressure measurements received from pressure sensor 22.

[00106] The user then places the second end 14 of the adapter 10 in their mouth and forms a seal around the second end 14 using their lips. During each attempt at inspiration, the orifice 85 allows a small amount of air pressure to leak through the plug 80. This can help prevent the user from using their cheek muscles and / or help prevent glottal closure, which can distort test results and provide an inaccurate determination of the user's maximum inspiratory (or, in some examples, expiratory) muscle strength.

[00107] During each attempt at inspiration, the air pressure in passage 16 can be measured by the pressure sensor 22 (i.e., the pressure generated in the absence of airflow through the passage) in predefined time increments during the test, and the data is transmitted to the application via the transceiver 24. In some examples, the pressure data can be plotted on the smartphone screen in real time.

[00108] Fig. 10a shows an example of display screen 90a on a smartphone device to allow the user to view the results of their MIP (or MEP) test. In this example, the user performed five breath-holding attempts, each represented by a different line in graph 91a.

[00109] Graph 91a plots pressure readings (y-axis) measured in cmH2O against time (x-axis) measured in seconds. The data is analyzed by the application, and the maximum inspiratory pressure is identified for each inspiration. Graph 91b then plots the identified MIP (y-axis) measured in cmH2O against the number of inspirations or breaths (x-axis). Graph 91b effectively represents the maximum strength of the user's inspiratory muscles during each Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 46 / 78 34 / 37 attempt at inspiration under isometric conditions (i.e., pressure variations for a constant volume). The highest MIP recorded in all inspiration attempts can also be displayed numerically, as represented by reference 92. In this example, the highest MIP achieved by the user during the test is 114 cmH2O.

[00110] After the MIP test is completed, the results are analyzed in conjunction with information about the breathing training device (e.g., model, resistance type, and resistance levels), information provided by the user during account setup (e.g., user's respiratory health, activity information, smoking history), and any other relevant information (e.g., previous breathing training sessions, based on user input or data collected during previous training sessions, including the number of sessions and the number of successful attempts at different target resistance levels).

[00111] The application can then determine at least one resistance level and at least one associated training program for the user based on a comparison of the identified maximum inspiratory pressure 92, or a percentage thereof, with the resistance loads provided by the resistance valve located within the breathing training device, such as device 50.

[00112] Fig. 10b shows an example of a display screen 90b on a smartphone device to allow the user to view a series of training protocols 95a, 95b, 95c. Each training protocol 95a, 95b, 95c comprises a resistance level and an associated training program 93 using the breathing training device indicated in section 94, which in this example is the Powerbreathe Plus IMT device with a light resistance (i.e., 17 cmH2O - 98 cmH2O). Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 47 / 78 35 / 37

[00113] In the present example, the application recommends three training protocols: performance 95a; fitness 95b; and rehabilitation 95c. Each of the training protocols 95a, 95b, and 95c comprises a different target endurance level and may also comprise a different training plan 93, depending on the user's current lung health and training goals. For example, if a user has no prior experience in breathing training, the application may recommend the rehabilitation protocol (particularly if the user has weakened or damaged lungs due to illness or injury). In other examples, if the user has some prior experience in breathing training, the application may recommend the fitness or performance protocols (depending on the amount of prior training, the intensity of the training, and overall lung health).

[00114] Training Program 93 provides details on the recommended number of breaths per training session, the recommended number of sessions per day, and the recommended number of training days per week. It is important to note that alternative or additional details may be included in Training Program 93. Training Program 93 may be automatically modified depending on the user's current lung health and training goals. For example, if a user has significant experience in breathing training, the application may modify Training Program 93 to allow the user to maintain their current lung strength instead of progressively developing it (e.g., by reducing the number of training days so that the user trains on alternate days instead of daily).

[00115] In some examples, the user may be periodically asked to retake the MIP (or MEP) test, so that their protocol of Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 48 / 78 36 / 37 training (i.e., the level of resistance and the training program) can be modified, if necessary, to ensure progression or maintenance of training at its current level.

[00116] In this example, the app recommends that the 95a performance training protocol is the most suitable for the user based on their current lung health and future goals. The 95a performance training protocol suggests that the user begin their training sessions with a target resistance level of 4 (approximately 49 cmH2U - 57 cmH2U for the paired device 94), which equates to training at about 50% of their MIP. The app also recommends a 93 training program that involves training twice a day, every day, and aiming for 30 breaths per training session. In other examples, the app may alternatively recommend the 95b or 95c training protocols, in which case these options would be highlighted to the user.

[00117] If the user wishes to follow one of the recommended training protocols 95a, 95b, 95c, they can select the desired protocol and then select Define Protocol 97a. In some examples, the user may wish to proceed with a different training protocol, such as a different target resistance level and / or a different training program. In these cases, the user can select Customize Protocol 97b, where they will have the option to modify the target resistance level and / or modify the training program (e.g., manually change the number of sessions per day).

[00118] Figures 11a and 11b show examples of screens 98 and 99 that may appear on a smartphone screen 90b when selecting information symbols 96a and 96b. If the user selects information symbol 96a, pop-up 98 will appear on the screen to inform the user why these resistance levels were recommended. If the user selects information symbol 96b, pop-up 99 will appear. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, page 49 / 78 37 / 37 will appear on the screen to inform the user why the associated training programs were suggested.

[00119] In use, after completing the MIP test and before starting a training session (which may be based on a selected training protocol), the user disconnects plug 80 from adapter 10 and then connects adapter 10 to mouthpiece 52 of a breathing training device, such as device 50. The user can then adjust the resistance valve on the device to the selected target resistance level and also enter their target resistance level into the app. In some examples, the target resistance level may be entered automatically based on the selected training protocol. The user can then start a training session in the same manner described above.

[00120] Although the principle of the invention has been illustrated using exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to exemplary embodiments and that the invention may be embodied by other variants defined within the scope of the appended claims. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, p. 50 / 78

Claims

1 / 9 CLAIMS 1. Intelligent adapter for a breathing training device, characterized in that it comprises: a first end configured to connect to a mouthpiece of a breathing training device; a second end configured to be received in the mouth of a user, so that a seal is created in use around the second end of the adapter; the first and second ends being connected by a passage, the passage being configured to provide a sealed chamber, in use, between at least the user's lungs and the mouthpiece of the breathing training device, so that if a pressure measured within the passage exceeds a limit value, a resistance valve located within the breathing training device moves from a first to a second configuration to allow the user to breathe freely through the device;and a control system comprising: a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure generated by the user within the passageway at predefined time increments during a training session; and a transceiver configured to receive pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor and transmit the data to a computing device for analysis.

2. Adapter, according to claim 1, characterized in that the preset time increments are at least 42 ms, so that the sampling rate is up to 24 Hz.

3. Adapter, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the predefined time increments are chosen so that the pressure sensor can properly detect when a user starts an inspiration, ends an inspiration, starts an expiration and ends an expiration.

4. An adapter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in use, the user generates pressure in the passage during an inspiration and / or expiration.

5. An adapter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the computing device is a mobile device with Bluetooth functionality, such as a smartphone or laptop.

6. An adapter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the computing device comprises a software application, the software application being configured to: - receive user input relating to a target resistance level; thus determining the threshold value that must be exceeded during a training session to move the valve from the first to the second setting; - receive pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor; and, - determine at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance based, at least, on a comparison of the target resistance level with the pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor.

7. Adapter, according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance is further based on one or more of the following: - the number of times the pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor remained within or exceeded the target resistance level for more than a predefined period of time (successful attempts); - the number of times the actual pressure measurement data remained within or exceeded the target resistance level for less than a predefined period of time (unsuccessful attempts); - the number of times the actual pressure measurement data remained below the target resistance level (unsuccessful attempts); - the time required to reach the pressure threshold required to move the valve from the first to the second setting; - the inspiration or expiration time of the previous successful attempt;- the maximum air pressure generated and / or the average air pressure generated during the training session; - the inspiration time of the previous inspiration and / or the average inspiration time during the training session; - the expiration time of the previous expiration and / or the average expiration time; - the average resistance level achieved during the training session; - the total measurement time, which defines the duration of a training session; and, - the average pressure-time product (PTP) achieved and / or the total pressure-time product (PTP) achieved during the training session.

8. Adapter, according to claim 7, characterized in that an attempt is registered as successful if the user 1) generates an air pressure within or above its target resistance level and 2) remains within or above its target resistance level for a minimum period of time. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, p. 53 / 78 4 / 9 9. An adapter, according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the software application is further configured to display real-time pressure measurement data during a training session; and in that the software application is additionally configured to update and display in real time at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance as the training session progresses.

10. An adapter, according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the software application is configured to determine at least two breathing performance indicators; and in that two or more of the at least two breathing performance indicators are combined to form at least one user-friendly breathing performance indicator; and in that the software application is further configured to update and display at least one user-friendly breathing performance indicator in real time during a training session.

11. Adapter, according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the software application is configured to analyze pressure measurement data and / or at least one respiratory performance indicator, and provide the user with one or more automated suggestions on how to improve the use of the device and optimize their training.

12. Adapter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a rechargeable power source, such as a battery, and an input for connecting the adapter to an external power supply.

13. Adapter, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage at the first end is configured to receive, at least partially, a selectively removable plug, so that, in use, the plug substantially occludes the passage at the first end, thereby minimizing airflow between the user's lungs and the plug, and allowing the user to generate pressure within the passage under isometric conditions.

14. System for monitoring a user's breathing performance, characterized in that it comprises: - a breathing training device; the breathing training device comprising a mouthpiece and a resistance valve, and arranged in such a way that the resistance valve moves from a first to a second setting if the air pressure generated by the user within the device exceeds a limit value; and, - a smart adapter, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13; wherein the smart adapter is mounted on the mouthpiece of the breathing training device and provides a passage configured to provide a sealed chamber in use between at least the user's lungs and the mouthpiece of the breathing training device.

15. System according to claim 14, characterized in that the first setting is a closed position and the second setting is an open position; and wherein the resistance valve is configured to move from the first to the second setting by means of an inspiration or an expiration, so that the breathing training device is an inspiratory training device or an expiratory training device, respectively.

16. System, according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the resistance valve is an adjustable valve, wherein a resistance load supplied by the valve is adjustable to increase or decrease the limit value at which the valve moves from the first to the second setting.

17. System, according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that a resistance load supplied by the resistance valve is incrementally variable up to a maximum resistance load, such that each increment covers a range of resistance loads, thus defining a series of progressively increasing resistance levels.

18. System according to claim 17, characterized in that each resistance level comprises a limit value that must be exceeded to move the valve from the first to the second setting; and in that predefined time increments are sufficient to allow the pressure sensor to properly detect when a user enters and exits a resistance level.

19. Method for monitoring the breathing performance of a user using the system, as defined in any one of claims 14 to 18, the method characterized in that it comprises: - inserting a target resistance level into a computing device; - placing the second end of the smart adapter in the user's mouth so that a seal is created around the second end of the adapter; - generating pressure within the passage between the user and the resistance valve; - measuring the air pressure within the passage at predefined time increments; - transmitting the air pressure measurements to a device. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, p.56 / 78 7 / 9 computing device; - determine at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance based on at least a comparison of the target resistance level with air pressure measurements; - display atmospheric pressure measurements and / or at least one indicator of breathing performance on one or more screens of the computing device for viewing by the user.

20. Method, according to claim 19, characterized in that it further comprises the analysis of pressure measurement data and / or at least one respiratory performance indicator and the provision to the user of one or more automated suggestions on how to improve the use of the device and optimize their training.

21. A computer system for monitoring a user's breathing performance, characterized in that it includes at least one processor to execute program instructions configured to: - receive information from a user related to a target resistance level; - receive atmospheric pressure measurements from the smart adapter, as defined in any one of claims 14 to 18; - determine at least one indicator of the user's breathing performance based at least on a comparison of the target resistance level with atmospheric pressure measurements; - display the pressure measurement data and / or at least one breathing performance indicator on one or more screens of a display device for viewing by the user.

22. Computer system, according to claim 21, characterized in that at least one processor is further configured to analyze pressure measurement data and / or at least one respiratory performance indicator and provide the user with one or more automated suggestions on how to improve the use of the device and optimize their training.

23. System for determining the isometric respiratory muscle strength of a user, characterized in that it comprises: - a smart adapter with a first end and a second end connected by a passage, and a removable plug selectively located at least partially within the first end to substantially occlude the passage; wherein the second end is configured to be received in the user's mouth, so that, in use, a substantially sealed chamber is created between at least the user's lungs and the plug, thus enabling the user to generate pressure within the passage by activating their respiratory muscles under isometric conditions;and wherein, - the smart adapter further comprises a control system, the control system comprising: - a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure generated within the passage in predefined time increments during activation of the user's respiratory muscles under isometric conditions; and, - a transceiver configured to receive pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor and transmit the data to a computing device for analysis.

24. Adapter, according to claim 23, characterized in that the computing device comprises a software application, the software application being configured to: Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, p. 58 / 78 9 / 9 - receive pressure measurement data from the pressure sensor; - identify a maximum respiratory pressure based on the received pressure measurement data; and, - determine at least one resistance level for the user based, at least in part, on a comparison of the identified maximum respiratory pressure, or a percentage thereof, with resistance loads associated with a resistance valve located within a chosen breathing training device. 2.

5. Adapter, according to claim 24, characterized in that at least one resistance level and, optionally, an associated training plan are further determined based on user input regarding at least their previous and current lung health, including activity levels and smoking habits, any previous breathing training sessions, and future goals. Petition 870250083226, dated 09 / 16 / 2025, pp. 59 / 78

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