APARELHO DE ÁUDIO E SEU MÉTODO DE OPERAÇÃO

Abstract

An audio apparatus comprises a receiver (201) receiving an air flow audio frequency profile data indicating a dependency of an air flow audio frequency profile on an air flow velocity parameter. A frequency response generator (205) determines an air flow frequency response in dependence on the air flow audio frequency profile data, the user pose property, and an air flow velocity property for an air flow. An audio component generator (207) generates an air flow audio signal component by filtering the first audio signal using the air flow frequency response. An output (211) generates the audio signal to comprise the air flow audio signal component. The approach may provide an improved rendering of air flow sound, such as a more realistic rendering of wind noise.

Description

[001] The invention relates to an audio apparatus and a method of operating it and, in particular, but not exclusively, to an approach for generating an audio signal that provides an enhanced audio representation corresponding to airflow and wind noise, for example, in a virtual environment. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] The variety and range of experiences based on audiovisual content have increased substantially in recent years, with new services and ways of using and consuming such content being continuously developed and introduced. In particular, many services, applications, and spatial and interactive experiences are being developed to give users a more engaging and immersive experience.

[003] Examples of such applications are virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) applications (commonly called Extended Reality / XR (eXtended Reality)), which are rapidly becoming mainstream, with various solutions being targeted at the consumer market. Several standards are also under development by various standardization bodies. Such standardization activities are actively developing standards for the various aspects of VR / AR / MR systems including, for example, streaming, broadcasting, rendering, etc.

[004] VR applications tend to provide user experiences corresponding to the user being in a different world / environment / scene, while AR applications (including Mixed Reality (MR)) tend to provide user experiences corresponding to the user being in the current environment, but with additional information, virtual objects, or information being added. In this way, VR applications tend to provide a fully immersive synthetically generated scene / scene, while AR applications... Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 83 / 131 2 / 40 AR technologies tend to provide a partially synthetic world / scene that is superimposed on the real-world scene in which the user is physically present. However, the terms are often used interchangeably and have a high degree of overlap. In the following description, the term Extended Reality / XR will be used to denote both Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality / Mixed Reality.

[005] As an example, an increasingly popular service is the provision of images and audio in such a way that a user is able to actively and dynamically interact with the system to change rendering parameters so that it adapts to the user's movement and changes in position and orientation. A very interesting feature in many applications is the ability to change the viewer's effective viewing position and viewing direction, for example, allowing them to move and look around the scene being presented.

[006] This feature can specifically enable a virtual reality experience to be provided to a user. This can allow the user to move (relatively) freely in a virtual environment and dynamically change their position and the direction in which they are looking. Generally, such virtual reality applications are based on a three-dimensional model of the scene, with the model being dynamically calculated to provide the specific view requested. This approach is well known, for example, from gaming applications, such as in the first-person shooter category, for computers and consoles.

[007] It is also desirable, particularly for virtual reality applications, that the image presented be a three-dimensional image, typically presented using a stereoscopic viewfinder. In fact, to optimize viewer immersion, it is typically preferable for the user to experience the presented scene as a three-dimensional scene. Indeed, a virtual reality experience should preferably enable a user Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 84 / 131 3 / 40 Select your own position, point of view, and moment in time in relation to a virtual world.

[008] In addition to visual rendering, most XR applications also provide a corresponding audio experience. In many applications, audio preferably provides a spatial audio experience where audio sources are perceived to arrive from positions that correspond to the positions of corresponding objects in the visual scene. In this way, audio and video scenes are preferably perceived as being consistent, with both providing a complete spatial experience.

[009] For example, many immersive experiences are provided by a virtual audio scene that is generated by headphone playback using binaural audio rendering technology. In many scenarios, such headphone playback can be based on head tracking so that rendering can be done in response to the user's head movements, which greatly enhances the sense of immersion.

[010] An important feature for many applications is how to generate and / or distribute audio that can provide a natural and realistic perception of the audio environment.

[011] To create an immersive experience, it is desirable to render a complete audio scene with the greatest possible resemblance to a realistic environment. Therefore, it is desirable not only to render specific active audio sources, such as speakers or active sound generators, but also to render more subtle and general audio sources, such as various ambient or background audio sources. A specific example of such an audio component is airflow and wind noise in an environment. Several applications, such as games, have been developed that include a sound component corresponding to wind noise, rendering recorded wind noise audio. However, while this may provide a perception of such sounds to a user, it is usually not an ideal experience and can typically be perceived as relatively Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 85 / 131 4 / 40 artificial. This typically results in a less immersive experience for the user / listener.

[012] Thus, an improved approach to rendering audio would be advantageous, and in particular, an improved approach to rendering audio corresponding to airflow, such as wind noise, would be advantageous. In particular, an approach that enables better operation, greater flexibility, less complexity, easier implementation, better audio experience, better audio quality, lower computational load, better performance for virtual / mixed / augmented / extended reality applications, better performance and user experience for gaming applications, better adaptation to variations in listener posture, greater immersion, greater and / or easier adaptation and / or better performance and / or operation would be advantageous. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[013] Consequently, the invention preferably seeks to mitigate, alleviate or eliminate one or more of the disadvantages mentioned above, individually or in any combination.

[014] According to one aspect of the invention, an audio apparatus is provided for generating an audio signal, the apparatus comprising: a receiver arranged to receive audio frequency profile data from the airflow indicating a dependence of an audio frequency profile of the airflow on an airflow velocity parameter; a pose determiner arranged to determine a listener pose property for a listener; a frequency response generator arranged to determine an airflow frequency response depending on the audio frequency profile data of the airflow, the user pose property and an airflow velocity property for an airflow; an audio source arranged to provide a first audio signal; an audio component generator arranged to generate an airflow audio signal component, the generation comprising filtering the first audio signal using the frequency response. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 86 / 131 5 / 40 of airflow; and an output designed to generate the audio signal to understand the airflow audio signal component.

[015] This approach can enable an enhanced audio experience in many modalities and can, in many applications and scenarios, provide a more immersive experience. In many scenarios, an improved representation of airflow sounds, specifically wind noise, as perceived by the listener can be achieved. Furthermore, this can be dynamically and flexibly adapted to reflect changes in the listener's posture, thus providing a more immersive and realistic effect. Additionally, the approach can enable efficient generation of audio representing airflow, adapting it to reflect changes in the user's posture. In many scenarios, it can have low computational resource requirements.

[016] Furthermore, in modes where airflow audio frequency profile data is, for example, received from a remote source, the approach may be disposed to provide advantageous audio under remote control / guidance while maintaining low communication overhead.

[017] The approach may allow efficient content-side control / assistance in airflow audio generation on the renderer / user side.

[018] The airflow velocity parameter may comprise at least one of an airflow direction parameter and an airflow velocity parameter. The airflow velocity parameter may be an airflow velocity parameter relative to a listener. The listener pose property may include at least one of a listener position parameter, a listener orientation parameter, a listener position change parameter (such as specifically a listener velocity parameter), and a listener orientation change parameter. The listener pose may be a pose in (the coordinate system of) the audio scene being rendered.

[019] A pose can be a position and / or orientation. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 87 / 131 6 / 40

[020] According to an optional feature of the invention, the frequency response generator is arranged to generate the frequency response of airflow in dependence on an airflow velocity for the airflow relative to the listener.

[021] This can provide improved performance and / or reduced complexity / resource demand. In many modes, it can provide a particularly immersive and natural-sounding airflow sound.

[022] The frequency response generator can be arranged to determine the airflow velocity in response to an airflow velocity parameter value for the airflow and a listener pose velocity value.

[023] According to an optional feature of the invention, the frequency response generator is arranged to generate the airflow frequency response depending on the direction of the airflow relative to the listener.

[024] This can provide improved performance and / or reduced complexity / resource demand. It can, in many embodiments, provide a particularly immersive and natural-sounding airflow sound.

[025] The frequency response generator can be arranged to determine the airflow direction in response to an airflow direction parameter value for the airflow and a listener pose orientation value.

[026] According to an optional feature of the invention, the first audio signal is a noise audio signal.

[027] This can provide better performance and / or reduced complexity / resource demand. It can allow for low complexity and simplified implementation and / or reduced resource usage. A noise signal can be generated using a low-complexity operation, and several different algorithms with low resource usage are known and can be used. The noise audio signal can be generated dynamically during the operation. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 88 / 131 7 / 40

[028] The audio source may consist of or comprise a pseudo-noise generator generating a pseudo-noise audio signal. The noise audio signal may be a stochastic signal. The noise audio signal may, for example, be white noise or a pink noise audio signal.

[029] According to an optional feature of the invention, the audio component generator is arranged to generate the airflow audio signal component to be a stereo airflow audio signal component having a first channel and a second channel, and the output is arranged to generate the audio signal to be a stereo audio signal with a first channel and a second channel.

[030] This can provide an enhanced user experience in many ways and can, in particular, provide an audio signal that provides a more natural sound and an immersive airflow sound. It can allow for improved adaptation of the airflow sound to the user's movement, including changes in head orientation.The first channel of the stereo airflow audio signal component and the first channel of the stereo audio signal can be a left channel, and the second channel of the stereo airflow audio signal component and the second channel of the stereo audio signal can be a right channel. The output can be arranged to include the signal component of the first channel of the airflow audio signal component in the first channel of the stereo audio signal, and to include the signal component of the second channel of the airflow audio signal component in the second channel of the stereo audio signal.

[031] According to an optional feature of the invention, the audio source is arranged to generate the first audio signal to be a stereo audio signal having different signals in the first channel and in the second channel.

[032] This can provide an improved user experience in many modalities and can, in particular, provide an audio signal that delivers a more natural sound and an immersive airflow sound. It can allow for improved adaptation of the airflow sound to the listener's movement, including the listener changing head orientation. It can allow for a Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 89 / 131 8 / 40 A computationally and / or functionally efficient approach to generating airflow noise / audio with adequate adaptability to head orientation and / or adequate externalization.

[033] According to an optional feature of the invention, the frequency response generator is arranged to generate the airflow frequency response to comprise a first airflow frequency response for the first channel and a second airflow frequency response for the second channel; and wherein the audio component generator is arranged to generate a first channel signal component for the airflow audio signal component using the first airflow frequency response for filtering and to generate a second channel signal component for the airflow audio signal component using the second airflow frequency response for filtering.

[034] This can provide an improved user experience in many modalities and can, in particular, provide an audio signal that delivers a more natural sound and an immersive airflow sound. It can allow for improved adaptation of the airflow sound to user movement, including changes in head orientation. It can allow for a computationally and / or functionally efficient approach to generating an airflow noise with adequate adaptability to head orientation and / or adequate externalization. The first and second airflow frequency responses may differ for at least some values ​​of the airflow property.

[035] According to an optional feature of the invention, the audio device is arranged to generate the airflow audio signal component to have signals that are at least partially uncorrelated for the first channel and the second channel.

[036] This can provide an improved user experience in many ways and can, in particular, provide an audio signal that provides a more natural sound and an immersive airflow sound. It can allow for improved adaptation of the airflow sound to the movement of Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 90 / 131 9 / 40 user, including changing head orientation. The approach can provide a degree of externalization of the airflow sound.

[037] According to an optional feature of the invention, the audio apparatus is arranged to adapt a degree of decorrelation between the first channel and the second channel of the stereo airflow audio signal component depending on an airflow direction for the airflow relative to the listener.

[038] This can provide an improved user experience in many modalities and can, in particular, provide an audio signal that delivers a more natural sound and an immersive airflow sound. It can allow for improved adaptation of the airflow sound to the user's movement, including changes in head orientation. The approach can provide a variable degree of externalization of the airflow sound.

[039] According to an optional feature of the invention, the airflow audio frequency profile data comprises an indication of a first dependence of a first airflow audio frequency profile on an airflow direction parameter and an indication of a second dependence of a second airflow audio frequency profile on an airflow velocity parameter; and the frequency response generator is arranged to generate a first frequency response in response to the first dependence and an airflow direction for the airflow relative to the listener, to generate a second frequency response in response to the second dependence and an airflow velocity for the airflow relative to the listener, and to generate the frequency response as a combination of the first frequency response and the second frequency response.

[040] This can provide better performance and / or reduced complexity / resource demand.

[041] According to an optional feature of the invention, the audio signal is a stored audio signal. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 91 / 131 10 / 40

[042] This can provide better performance and / or reduced complexity / resource demand.

[043] According to an optional feature of the invention, the airflow audio frequency profile data comprise an indication of relative airflow audio frequency response values ​​for each of a number of airflow velocity parameter values; and the frequency response generator is disposed to determine other relative airflow audio frequency response values ​​for other airflow velocity parameter values ​​by interpolation from the number of airflow velocity parameter values.

[044] This can provide better performance and / or reduced complexity / resource demand.

[045] According to an optional feature of the invention, the receiver is arranged to receive an indication of a property of an airflow source for the airflow and the frequency response generator is arranged to determine the airflow velocity property in response to the property of the airflow source.

[046] This can provide improved performance and / or reduced complexity / resource demand. In many ways, it can allow for improved adaptation and can, for example, allow for low complexity and, for example, allow for characterization / adaptation of airflow properties with low communication overhead.

[047] According to an optional feature of the invention, the indication of an airflow source property is arranged to indicate that the airflow source is at least one of the following: a global airflow source; an omnidirectional airflow source; a point airflow source; and a cone airflow source.

[048] This can provide better performance and / or reduced complexity / resource demand. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 92 / 131 11 / 40

[049] According to an optional feature of the invention, the receiver is disposed to receive the indication of the source property of the airflow as part of metadata of an audio bitstream received from a removal source.

[050] This can, for example, allow characterization / adaptation of airflow properties by a remote source with low communication overhead.

[051] According to one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for generating an audio signal, the method comprising: receiving airflow audio frequency profile data indicating a dependence of an airflow audio frequency profile on an airflow velocity parameter; determining a listener pose property for a listener; determining an airflow frequency response in dependence on airflow audio frequency profile data, user pose property and an airflow velocity property for an airflow; providing a first audio signal; generating an airflow audio signal component, the generation comprising filtering the first audio signal using the airflow frequency response; and generating the audio signal to comprise the airflow audio signal component.

[052] These and other aspects, features and advantages of the invention will become evident and will be elucidated with reference to the embodiment(s) described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[053] The embodiments of the invention will be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 illustrates an example of elements of an extended reality system; Figure 2 illustrates an example of an audio device according to some embodiments of the invention; and Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 93-131 12 / 40 Figure 3 illustrates some elements of a possible arrangement of a processor to implement elements of a device according to some embodiments of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[054] The following description will focus on audio processing and rendering for an Extended Reality (XR) application, as well as for a Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), or Mixed Reality (MR) application. The approach described will focus on such applications where audio rendering is adapted to reflect acoustic variations and changes in audio perception of airflow audio, as a user / listener (possibly virtual) pose may vary. However, it will be considered that the principles and concepts described can be used in many other applications and modalities, including, for example, gaming applications where a virtual game world is presented as a spatial audio signal on a two-dimensional screen.

[055] Semi- or fully virtual experiences that allow a user to move around in a (possibly partially) virtual world are becoming increasingly popular, and services are being developed to meet this demand.

[056] In some systems, the XR application can be provided locally to a viewer, for example, a standalone device that does not use, or even have any access to, any XR data or remote processing. For example, a device like a game console might include storage to store scene data, action to receive / generate the viewer's pose, and a processor to generate the corresponding images from the scene data.

[057] In other systems, the XR application can be implemented and run remotely from the viewer. For example, a local device for the user can detect / receive motion / present data that are Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 94 / 131 13 / 40 transmitted to a remote device that processes the data to generate the viewer's pose. The remote device can then generate appropriate vision images and corresponding audio signals for the user's pose based on scene data describing the scene. The vision images and corresponding audio signals are then transmitted to the viewer's local device where they are presented. For example, the remote device might directly generate a video stream (typically a 3D / stereo video stream) and corresponding audio stream that is presented directly by the local device. In this way, in such an example, the local device might not perform any XR processing except transmitting motion data and presenting received video data.

[058] In many systems, functionality can be distributed across a local device and a remote device. For example, the local device might process received input and sensor data to generate user poses that are continuously transmitted to the remote XR device. The remote XR device can then generate the corresponding vision images and audio signals and transmit them to the local device for presentation. In other systems, the remote XR device may not directly generate the vision images and audio signals, but may select relevant scene data and transmit it to the local device, which can then generate the corresponding vision images and audio signals to be presented.For example, the remote XR device can identify the nearest capture point and extract the corresponding scene data (e.g., a set of object sources and their position metadata) and transmit it to the local device. The local device can then process the received scene data to generate the images and audio signals of the specific current user pose. The user pose will typically correspond to the head pose, and references to the user pose can typically be considered equivalent to corresponding references to the head pose. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 95 / 131 14 / 40

[059] In many applications, especially for broadcasting services, a source can transmit or stream scene data in the form of an image (including video) and audio representation of the scene that is independent of the user's pose. For example, signals and metadata corresponding to audio sources within the boundaries of a certain virtual room can be transmitted or streamed to a plurality of clients. Individual clients can then locally synthesize audio signals corresponding to the current user's pose. Similarly, the source can transmit a general description of the audio environment, including describing audio sources in the environment and acoustic characteristics of the environment. An audio representation can then be generated locally and presented to the user, for example, using binaural processing and rendering.

[060] Figure 1 illustrates such an example of an XR system in which a remote XR client device 101 communicates with an XR server 103, for example, via a network 105, such as the Internet. The server 103 can be arranged to simultaneously support a potentially large number of client devices 101.

[061] The XR 103 server can, for example, support a broadcast experience by transmitting an image signal comprising an image representation in the form of image data that can be used by client devices to locally synthesize view images corresponding to the appropriate user poses (a pose refers to a position and / or orientation). Similarly, the XR 103 server can transmit an audio representation of the scene enabling audio to be locally synthesized for the user poses. Specifically, as the user moves in the virtual environment, the synthesized image and audio presented to the user are updated to reflect the user's current (virtual) position and orientation in the (virtual) environment.

[062] In many applications, such as that in Figure 1, it may therefore be desirable to model a scene and generate an image and audio representation. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 96 / 131 15 / 40 efficient that can be efficiently included in a data signal that can then be transmitted or streamed to various devices that can locally synthesize views and audio for poses other than the capture poses.

[063] In virtual environments (whether fully or partially), such as computer games, as well as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) environments, content creators typically aim to provide an immersive experience for the user. Part of this immersion is creating realistic sound effects to mimic the weather or other factors in the users' local environment, to match any visual elements.

[064] A good example of this is the noise of the wind which corresponds to the movement of trees, leaves or other objects in the environment. One point is that the wind itself has no sound, but it is only the interaction of the wind with other objects that creates sounds, such as the movement of tree branches or the whistling sounds of the wind blowing through the rigging of a ship (Aeolian tones). A key element of how the listener experiences the wind is the sound produced as the air passes through the listener's ears.

[065] As air passes through the ears, it causes turbulence within the ear structures, which in turn causes the eardrum to vibrate and the person to hear the sounds produced. The level and tonal characteristics of the sound are affected by the speed of the air beyond the ear and also by the angle at which the air passes through the listener.

[066] For example, if you stand outdoors facing a strong wind, you hear the wind in your ears and hear the sound change as the wind strength changes, but when you turn your head so you are not facing the wind, the level and spectrum of the sound change. As another example, if you are riding a bicycle, you can hear the sound due to its passage through the air, but if you turn your head, i.e., to check over your shoulder before turning, the sound changes. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 97 / 131 16 / 40

[067] In current approaches, ambient wind noise is generated by adding a pre-recorded or synthesized sound effect. However, such approaches tend to provide a relatively static sound that tends to provide an audio experience that tends to be limited and is often perceived as being relatively unrealistic.

[068] Next, a specific approach will be described for generating an audio signal that includes an enhanced airflow audio component that represents airflow audio in the audio scene. The approach can, in particular, provide an enhanced and more realistic audio experience and, in particular, can provide an audio signal that can more realistically represent how airflow sounds dynamically change in different scenarios.

[069] The audio device in Figure 2 is designed to generate an audio signal that includes an audio component representing an airflow, such as wind noise, for a given listener pose. The audio signal may represent audio from an audio scene, with the audio being generated for a listener pose in the audio scene. The airflow audio component may be specifically generated to reflect the specific position and / or orientation and / or speed of the listener (or more specifically the listener's head), as well as properties of the airflow itself. In many embodiments, the generated audio signal may, in addition to the airflow audio component, include a number of other audio components in the output audio signal, such as audio components representing other audio sources in the audio scene.

[070] The audio apparatus comprises a pose determiner 201 which is disposed to determine a listener pose for which the audio signal will be generated.

[071] In the field, the terms positioning and pose are used as a common term for position and / or direction / orientation. The combination of the position and direction / orientation of, for example, an object, a camera, a head or a Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 98 / 131 17 / 40 view, can be called pose or positioning. Thus, a pose or position indication may include six values / components / degrees of freedom with each value / component typically describing an individual property of the position / location or the orientation / direction of the corresponding object. Certainly, in many situations, a positioning or pose can be considered or represented with a smaller number of components, for example, if one or more components are considered fixed or irrelevant (for example, if all objects are considered to be at the same height and have a horizontal orientation, four components may provide a complete representation of an object's pose).The term pose is used to refer to a position and / or orientation that can be represented by one to six (or even more, as if the orientation were represented by a quaternary or a rotation matrix) values ​​(corresponding to the maximum possible degrees of freedom). The term pose can be replaced by the term positioning. The term pose can be replaced by the term position and / or orientation. The term pose can be replaced by the term position and orientation (if the pose provides information on both position and orientation), by the term position (if the pose provides information on (possibly only) position), or by orientation (if the pose provides information on (possibly only) orientation).

[072] The pose determinant 201 can determine a listener pose property that reflects a property of the position and / or orientation of a (nominal / virtual) listener for which the audio signal is generated. The listener pose property is typically provided with reference to the audio scene being presented (e.g., with reference to a scene coordinate system for the audio scene), and specifically, for a rendering of a virtual scene, the pose and listener property may be with reference to a scene coordinate system for the virtual scene. The property can typically be a pose value or a rate of change value for the pose. Specifically, the pose determinant 201 can, in many embodiments, be willing to determine an orientation and / or Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 99 / 131 18 / 40 speed for the listener, or specifically a listener's head. In many modalities, the listener's pose property can also (or possibly instead) indicate a listener's position (or specifically the listener's head).

[073] It is important to highlight that many different approaches to determining and providing a listener / user / spectator pose in a scene / environment are known and that any suitable approach can be used. For example, the second receiver 203 may be willing to receive pose data from a VR headset worn by the user, from an eye tracker, etc. In other modalities and applications, a controller or joystick may, for example, be used to control a virtual person / avatar / character in a virtual environment. Such controls are, for example, well known from computer game applications. For example, in a game application, a player may control an avatar in a virtual environment using a joystick or other game controller.The corresponding pose (typically position and orientation) in the virtual environment can be determined, and the game application can generate a view of the virtual scene that can be presented to the player, for example, on a monitor or other suitable 2D display. The audio device in Figure 2 can further use this pose as the listener's pose and generate an audio signal that is presented to the user; this audio signal includes an airflow sound component generated by the audio device in Figure 2 based on the determined pose (i.e., the pose controlled by the controller is also used as the listener's pose).

[074] The audio apparatus further comprises a receiver 203 which is disposed to receive audio frequency profile data of the airflow which are indicative of a dependence of an audio frequency profile of the airflow on an airflow velocity parameter. The airflow velocity parameter may specifically be a speed and / or a direction of an airflow (typically relative to a listener pose) and the audio frequency profile data of the airflow may provide information on a Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 100 / 131 19 / 40 Frequency distribution / profile of an airflow audio component for different values ​​of the airflow velocity parameter. The airflow audio component can represent the audio perceived by a listener for a given airflow velocity parameter. Airflow audio frequency profile data can typically be provided for a constant nominal / reference listener pose. Equivalently, the airflow velocity parameter can typically be a relative airflow velocity parameter indicative of a relative property of an airflow velocity with respect to a listener pose.

[075] Airflow audio frequency profile data can, consequently, provide indications / information of how the frequency distribution of an airflow sound / audio varies with varying values ​​of the airflow velocity parameter and, specifically, with varying values ​​of an airflow velocity and / or direction (relative to a reference listener pose).

[076] The audio apparatus further comprises a frequency response generator 205 which is coupled to a receiver 203 and a pose determiner 201 and which receives audio frequency profile data of the airflow and the listener's pose. The frequency response generator 205 is disposed to determine an airflow frequency response depending on the audio frequency profile data of the airflow, the listener's pose property and an airflow velocity property for an airflow. The airflow velocity property may specifically be an airflow speed and / or an airflow direction. For example, the airflow property may indicate the speed and direction of the wind in the audio scene. The listener's pose property may, for example, be a position and / or orientation for the listener and / or may, for example, be a derivative thereof, such as a speed or direction of movement of the listener.

[077] For example, audio frequency profile data of airflow can provide indications of the frequency response for different velocities. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 101 / 131 20 / 40 relative airflow with respect to a listener pose (corresponding to a listener's head). The airflow velocity property can indicate the direction and speed of the airflow, and the listener pose property can indicate the direction and speed of the listener's pose / head. The 205 frequency response generator can, from these, determine the relative speed and direction of the airflow with respect to the listener's pose / head. It can then access the audio frequency profile data of the airflow to extract a given frequency response for a corresponding airflow velocity parameter; that is, it can extract the given frequency profile for an airflow velocity parameter that corresponds to the relative speed and direction of the airflow.

[078] The frequency response generator 205 is coupled to an audio component generator 207 which is further coupled to an audio source 209. The audio source 209 provides an audio signal to the audio component generator 207 and the audio component generator 207 is arranged to filter the audio signal based on the airflow frequency response. The audio component generator 207 can specifically generate a filter with a frequency response corresponding / correlated to the determined airflow frequency response and apply it to the received audio signal. The filtering can consequently adapt the audio of the audio signal so that it can more closely reflect the airflow audio characteristics that would be perceived by a listener in the listener's pose (and with the orientation / speed represented by the listener's pose).The audio component generator 207 consequently generates an airflow audio signal component by filtering the audio signal from the audio source 209 using the airflow frequency response. It will be considered that, in some embodiments, the audio source 209 may also perform other operations to generate the airflow audio component, such as, for example, an amplitude level setting, other filtering, etc.

[079] In many embodiments, the 207 audio component generator is also willing to adapt a level of the audio component stream of Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 102 / 131 21 / 40 air in response to the airflow velocity parameter (typically relative). In many embodiments, the 207 audio component generator is willing to adapt a level of the airflow audio component relative to at least one other audio component in the output audio signal and typically relative to all other audio components. For example, the 207 audio component generator may be willing to set a level of the airflow audio component as a monotonically increasing function of an airflow velocity (at the listener's pose) relative to the listener's pose. Thus, for example, the stronger / faster the wind, the louder the wind noise.

[080] The filtered audio signal is fed to output generator 211 which generates the audio signal to comprise the airflow audio signal component. In many embodiments, output generator 211 comprises a mixer / combiner that is arranged to mix / combine different audio components into a single audio signal. For example, audio signal components can be generated for individual audio sources in the audio scene, including, for example, ambient background audio, individual audio point sources, etc. The different audio components can be combined into a single output audio signal that provides a complete rendering of the audio scene with the airflow noise component contributing to the overall perception of the audio source.

[081] The audio device in Figure 2 is, therefore, prepared to receive data from a local or remote source to indicate how a frequency response for airflow audio varies with variations in the listener's pose.

[082] In some embodiments, receiver 203 may be coupled to an internal memory of the auxiliary power supply in which the airflow audio frequency profile data are stored and from which receiver 101 may be disposed to retrieve the appropriate airflow audio frequency profile data. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 103 / 131 22 / 40

[083] For example, internal memory may comprise a frequency response for a range of different values ​​of one or more pose parameters, such as a frequency response for each of a series of different airflow directions relative to the listener's pose and / or for each of a series of different airflow velocities relative to a listener. Each frequency response may, for example, be represented by a number of different gain values ​​for different frequencies or by parameter values ​​for a given gain function as a function of frequency.

[084] In this case, the frequency response generator 205 may be able to, for example, determine and extract the stored frequency response for the speed and direction that most closely approximates the determined relative airflow velocity.

[085] In many embodiments, airflow audio frequency profile data can be received from a remote source. For example, the audio device may be part of client device 103 and the airflow audio frequency profile data may be received from server 103. The airflow audio frequency profile data may specifically be received in a bitstream including other data describing the audio scene, such as audio data for individual audio sources, position information for such audio sources, background audio data, etc. The bitstream can thus provide a representation of the audio scene allowing client device 103 to process the audio scene. This rendering may include rendering airflow / wind noise audio based on the airflow audio frequency profile data provided in the bitstream.

[086] The approach can thus, in particular, provide an efficient approach to content source control or assistance in how the airflow audio should be processed on the client side, allowing it to be adapted locally for, for example, changes in the listener's posture. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 104 / 131 23 / 40

[087] In this approach, a frequency response for a filter can be adapted to reflect audio airflow variations due to changes in airflow relative to a listener. The frequency distribution of a typically locally generated audio signal is modified accordingly, and thus the audio signal is shaped depending on variations in the relative airflow velocity.

[088] In different modes, different source audio signals can be used and provided by the audio source 209.

[089] In many embodiments, the audio source 209 can generate the audio signal as a stochastic / pseudorandom signal. In many embodiments, the audio source can be a noise generator generating a noise signal, and in many embodiments, the noise signal can be a white noise signal or it can be a colored noise signal, such as a pink noise signal. In fact, it has been found that using such noise signals as a basis for relative airflow velocity-dependent coloring by the determined frequency response provides a highly realistic probing airflow sound in many scenarios and applications.

[090] In some embodiments, the audio source 209 may specifically be a noise source that provides an audio signal with a heterogeneous mixture of frequencies across a given range, or pink noise with equal energy per octave.

[091] In some embodiments, the audio source 209 may be arranged to generate the audio signal dynamically during operation and specifically to generate it as a noise signal. However, in other embodiments, the audio signal may be a dedicated audio signal that may, for example, be stored locally. For example, the audio source 209 may comprise a stored recorded wind noise audio signal that can be retrieved and provided to the audio component generator 207.

[092] In many embodiments, the receiver 203 may, for example, as part of a bitstream providing audio to the audio scene (and, for Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 105 / 131 24 / 40 example, also including the airflow audio frequency profile data), receive an audio signal that is extracted by the audio source 209 and provided to the audio component generator 207 as the audio signal for frequency shaping to generate the airflow audio component.

[093] In some embodiments, such audio signals may, for example, be recorded and stored for different relative velocity values ​​and the audio source 209 may be arranged to extract the one that most closely approximates the determined relative velocity property.

[094] Thus, in some embodiments, a pre-rendered or recorded audio piece may be provided for one or more known speeds, and the frequency responses may be determined to reflect variations relative to the frequency distributions of those signals. For example, the determined frequency responses may be designed to have a flat response for those known speeds, and thus filtering is applied only for other speeds.

[095] In some embodiments, the generated airflow audio component and the audio signal may be single-channel signals, i.e., the device may generate a mono audio signal that includes a mono representation of an airflow noise. However, in order to provide an enhanced user experience with greater spatial awareness and a higher degree of externalization, the airflow audio component and the output audio signal are generated as multichannel signals and are specifically generated as stereo signals. The output stereo signal may specifically be a binaural signal which, for example, may be suitable for rendering to a user wearing headphones.

[096] Thus, in many embodiments, the audio component generator 207 is disposed to generate the airflow audio component to be a stereo airflow audio signal component having two channels. Similarly, output 211 can generate the audio signal to be a stereo audio signal having two channels. Output 211 can specifically include one channel of Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 106 / 131 25 / 40 airflow audio component in one channel of the stereo audio output signal and may include the other channel of the airflow audio component in the other channel of the stereo audio output signal.

[097] In this way, the airflow audio component is generated to have different signal components for the two channels (hereinafter, for convenience, also referred to as the left and right channels, although it is considered that no limitation is intended for this). The output audio signal is thus also generated to be a stereo signal with different signals in the left and right channels.

[098] In some embodiments, the audio source 209 can generate a stereo audio signal with different signals in the two channels and these signals can be filtered by the same filter / frequency response generated by the frequency response generator 205 to generate an airflow audio component with different signals in the two channels.

[099] In other embodiments, audio source 209 may generate a mono signal and audio component generator 207 may be willing to apply different filters to the two channels. Thus, in this example, audio component generator 207 generates the stereo components by applying different filters.

[100] In many embodiments, the audio source 209 can generate a stereo signal with different channel signals and these can be filtered by the audio component generator 207 using different frequency responses for the two channels. Thus, in this example, the difference between the channels can be caused either by the audio signal used or by different filters being used.

[101] In many embodiments, the audio frequency profile data of the airflow may include indications of stereo frequency profiles. For example, for each airflow velocity parameter for which data is provided, two frequency responses may be indicated – one for the left channel and one for the right channel. Thus, in many embodiments, the frequency response generator 205 may generate two frequency responses. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 107 / 131 26 / 40 airflow with these being applied by the audio component generator 207 to the left and right channels, respectively.

[102] In many embodiments, the device can generate the airflow audio signal component to have signals that are at least partially uncorrelated for the two channels. This can be achieved specifically by, for example, audio source 209 generating pseudo-noise signals with a given amount of decorrelation. The decorrelation can specifically assist in providing increased externalization, so that the airflow noise is increasingly perceived as being outside the listener's head.

[103] In some forms, the degree of decorrelation can be adapted depending on the relative speed of the airflow. Specifically, the device can be arranged to adapt the degree of decorrelation depending on a direction of airflow to the airflow relative to the listener. This can, for example, be achieved by audio source 209 generating uncorrelated signals with the amount of decorrelation being adapted.

[104] Such a variable degree of decorrelation can, for example, be implemented by introducing a small time shift between the two channels, in which the amount of differences controls the degree of decorrelation, or by filtering the two signals with independent full-pass filters constructed to have different phase responses.

[105] In some forms, the device may be able to vary the degree of decorrelation as a monotonically increasing function of the angular difference between the relative direction of the airflow and a direction directly in front of the listener. Thus, the more the relative direction of the airflow deviates from being directly in front of the listener, the greater the level of decorrelation.

[106] Such variable decorrelation can provide a more realistic and immersive experience and can, in particular, reflect that the more the wind hits Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 108 / 131 27 / 40 a listener on the side, more external it tends to be perceived due, in part, to the greater difference between amplitude levels in the left and right ears. Varying the correlation level can increase this effect, maintaining lower sound presentation levels that may be more comfortable for the listener.

[107] In an exemplary embodiment, the audio frequency profile data of the airflow can, for example, parameterize an induced airflow noise frequency profile at two or more known velocities and / or, for example, in two or more relative directions (e.g., angles of incidence of the airflow relative to the listener's pose). The frequency response generator 205 can specifically determine an airflow velocity vector relative to the listener's pose in the virtual environment.

[108] The frequency response generator 205 can additionally determine a noise frequency profile for the relative velocity parameter and proceed to generate an airflow audio component by filtering, for example, a white noise or pink noise audio signal.

[109] With the aim of generating a sound source that emulates the noise generated within the ear by an airflow over the ear for arbitrary flow velocities, the frequency response generator 205 can generate a target spectrum and then filter out random noise, such as white noise or pink noise, from that target spectrum. The random noise can typically be a binaural signal and the interaural correlation can be controlled so that the perceived externalization of the reproduced signal can be modified. However, in some embodiments, the device may not take into account the pose direction (e.g., head rotation) and may generate only a mono signal and then present the same signal to both ears.

[110] The approach can provide a way to efficiently characterize the relationship between perceived sound and the relative movement of users through the air and / or allow content creators to specify a desired sound and how it should change with relative speeds and angles. The effect of Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 109 / 131 28 / 40 real sound to be played for the user can be generated in the renderer and, as such, no additional audio needs to be stored or transmitted from the content creator to the user.

[111] The approach can, for example, provide improved performance by generating the airflow noise audio in a real-time audio renderer while adapting to the relative airflow velocity and relative airflow direction with respect to the listener.

[112] The approach can use an efficient method to parameterize frequency-dependent amplitude changes, resulting in different angle-velocity combinations. This is especially useful in the case of an immersive streaming experience, where using as little data as possible is beneficial.

[113] In many embodiments, the airflow audio frequency profile data may include indicative data of how the frequency response depends on an airflow direction parameter and an airflow velocity parameter. Thus, the airflow audio frequency profile data may reflect the dependence on both a relative direction and a relative velocity. In many embodiments, the airflow audio frequency profile data may include a frequency response for each of a number of different combined velocities and directions. The frequency response generator 205 can, in this case, extract the frequency response provided for the velocity and direction that most closely approximates the determined relative airflow velocity and direction.

[114] However, in some embodiments, the airflow audio frequency profile data may comprise individual data for airflow velocity and airflow direction. For example, the airflow audio frequency profile data may include a frequency response for each of a plurality of relative airflow directions and, in addition, include a separate frequency response for each of a plurality of relative airflow velocities. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 110 / 131 29 / 40

[115] In this case, the frequency response generator 205 may be willing to extract a frequency response for the relative airflow direction closest to the relative airflow direction determined for the listener's pose. It may additionally extract a frequency response for the relative airflow direction closest to the relative airflow velocity determined for the listener's pose. The frequency response generator 205 may then generate the frequency response to be used to filter the audio signal from the audio source 209 by combining the two extracted filters. For example, the frequency responses may be considered as corresponding to separate sequential filters. Thus, for example, the combined frequency response may be determined, for example, by multiplying normalized frequency gain coefficients.

[116] Thus, in some embodiments, separate frequency responses can be provided for different relative airflow velocities and for different relative airflow directions, and the separate air frequency responses can then be combined into the frequency response for use in filtering the audio signal to generate the airflow audio component.

[117] In the previous examples, the audio frequency profile data of the airflow can provide frequency responses for different values ​​of the airflow velocity parameter and the frequency response generator 205 can be arranged to extract and use the frequency response for the airflow velocity parameter closest to the determined relative airflow velocity parameter. However, in some embodiments, the frequency response generator 205 can be arranged to interpolate between the frequency responses for the airflow velocity parameter values.

[118] In situations where two or more frequency responses / spectra are provided by the airflow audio frequency profile data, interpolation can provide an improved frequency response leading to Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 111 / 131 30 / 40 offers a more immersive experience and a more realistic perception of the audio scene.

[119] In some of these cases, the interpolation method can also be specified, for example, in the airflow audio frequency profile data and / or as part of the metadata of a received bitstream that characterizes the audio scene. For example, the airflow audio frequency profile data might define that, for example, cubic interpolation should be used. This gives the content creator greater control over how the intermediate target spectra are constructed, keeping the number of spectra required to a minimum.

[120] In some embodiments, minimum and maximum speeds may also be given, beyond which no interpolation occurs, or only the interpolation of specific parameters. In the case where target spectra are given as filter parameters, it may be desirable that only the gain changes beyond some upper speed limit, or that only the center frequency and Q change, and not the gain. Similarly, when specifying frequency gain pairs, above a certain limit, it may be desirable not to further increase the maximum gain, but to continue to modify the relative levels between frequencies (i.e., to change the shape of the spectrum, but not the overall level, so as to avoid exceeding the maximum level that the system can support).

[121] In some embodiments, the frequency response / target spectrum can be represented by a number of frequency gain pairs. However, in some embodiments, it may be advantageous to specify the frequency response in terms of a series of bandpass filters. For example, each of the known target spectra for a given velocity and / or angle of incidence can be constructed from a series of parametric bandpass filters that can be defined using their center frequency (CF), bandwidth (or Q, where Q = center frequency / bandwidth at -3dB) and gain (g), plus optionally the order of Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 112 / 131 31 / 40 filter. Three bandpass filters are typically sufficient to represent the target spectrum, meaning nine parameters per spectrum to be stored / transmitted, compared to 17 if using frequency gain pairs spaced 1 / 3 octave apart for the 20 to 1000 Hz range shown in Figure 1. Linear interpolation of the CF, Q, and gain values ​​can be used to derive the filters for speeds other than those known in the same way as with direct frequency gain pairs.

[122] Filters can be applied directly to the signal, for example, as a Butterworth bandpass filter, or frequency gain values ​​can be derived for a number of specified frequencies. One method for doing this is to solve the quadratic function for each filter, given that the combination of center frequency, Q and gain will give three known frequency gain values, the polynomial can be calculated.

[123] For any frequency^, the gain gt can be calculated using the quadratic function: di = aft2+ bfi + Equation (1) Where: CFbW= ~Q Equation (2) / bw\ bw fi =CF-(^-); / 2 = cf + (—) Equation (3) gi = g-3 Equation (4) _ fi(gi- g)+ CF(g- gi) + / 2(g - gi)a= (fi-CD(fi^(CF-fo) Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 113 / 131 32 / 40 Equation (5) q — qi b = —a(CF — f2) -f Equation (6)c= qi— (af2) — (bf) Equation (7)

[124] In some embodiments, airflow audio can be generated based on the general properties of an airflow present in the audio scene. However, in some embodiments, the receiver 203 can be arranged to receive data describing a property of a source for the airflow for which the audio is being generated. The frequency response generator 205 can, in this case, proceed to determine the airflow velocity property depending on the indicated property of the airflow source.

[125] The airflow source property can specifically indicate a spatial property of an airflow source / generator that generates / causes the airflow. In many embodiments, the airflow source property can specifically indicate a property of the airflow origin.

[126] For example, the airflow source property may indicate a spatial extent of the airflow source and may specifically indicate a spatial extent and / or position and / or direction of airflow generation, such as whether it is a global source with no specific origin, a point source of airflow where the airflow originates from a specific point, an omnidirectional airflow source with airflow being generated in all directions, or, for example, a cone airflow source where the airflow is generated and spreads according to a cone shape.

[127] The frequency response generator 205 can proceed to determine the airflow velocity values ​​at the listener position from the airflow source property. Such calculation / determination can be based on known physical properties, such as known from the physics / dynamics of airflow. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 114 / 131 33 / 40 air. For example, velocity values ​​can be assumed to decrease by the inverse square law, where the decrease in velocity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the airflow source when the airflow source is a point source, or to decrease proportionally to the cross-sectional area of ​​a conical source.

[128] In some embodiments, data indicating the airflow source property may be stored or generated locally. For example, for a gaming application, the game may locally generate properties reflecting an airflow source and provide this to the receiver 203. For example, if the gaming environment includes wind noise, the gaming application may generate data indicating that a global airflow source is present with a given airflow / wind speed. If a specific airflow source is present, data may be provided, for example, indicating that the airflow with a given direction and speed originates from a specific point in the audio scene.

[129] However, in many embodiments, receiver 203 may be willing to receive the airflow source ownership indication as part of metadata in an audio bitstream that is received from a remote source. In the example, client device 101 may specifically receive the airflow source data from server 103 as metadata in a bitstream that describes the audio scene.

[130] Receiver 203 can, in this case, extract the airflow source property and frequency response generator 205 can proceed to determine the airflow velocity at the listener’s current position. It can then determine the relative airflow velocity (relative to the user’s pose) and use this to determine a suitable frequency response which is then used to determine the airflow audio component as described above.

[131] The approach can provide a highly efficient and advantageous approach to generating airflow audio and, in particular, to control Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 115 / 131 34 / 40 lateral remote content of such audio. The approach can enable this while maintaining low complexity and low communication overhead.

[132] In many typical applications and audio scenes, an airflow can be generated by a number of sources, such as atmospheric wind, fans, HVAC systems, etc. In order to ensure that the visual objects and the audio scene match well, it is desirable to be able to describe the source that generates the airflow and how it moves within the virtual environment.

[133] One example is characterizing an airflow source as a global generator or airflow source. Such a global generator may be the simplest form and may typically best represent airflow sources such as atmospheric wind. A global source may not have a position, but it does have a flow vector (or orientation) and velocity. The velocity perceived by the user is not affected by their position within the virtual environment.

[134] An optional region can be specified where the global generator is active, or where it is inactive, which can be used to represent buildings within which the global generator should not have an effect on the user, but outside of which it does.

[135] As another example, an omnidirectional source may have a position, a velocity, and an optional distance fade parameter. The flow vector points from the omnidirectional source's position to the user, regardless of the user's location. The optional distance fade parameter reduces the velocity as the distance from the source increases using, for example, the inverse square law.

[136] As another example, a point source may have a position, orientation, azimuth range, and elevation range, an optional edge fade parameter, as well as an optional distance fade parameter. The flow vector points from the point source's position to the user's position, but is only active when the vector is within the azimuth and elevation range. The azimuth and elevation ranges are centered in the direction. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 116 / 131 35 / 40 frontal and the orientation parameter rotates the point source relative to the virtual environment.

[137] The edge fade parameter reduces the speed force as the user approaches the limits of the azimuth or elevation range. It is expressed as a percentage (or value between 0 and 1), where 0% means no fade and 100% means that the fade starts at 0° azimuth, 0° elevation angle, and fades linearly (or, for example, logarithmically or according to any other curve) to the edge. Other values ​​represent the point at which the fade begins.

[138] As an example, considering only azimuth, but the same applies to elevation, the azimuthal range is set to 90° and the edge fade parameter to 50%. A listener positioned 30° relative to the source has no edge fade applied, a user positioned 60° relative to the source has a 33% edge fade reduction applied. And a user at 90° has 100% reduction applied.

[139] As yet another example, the airflow audio source can be characterized as a cone / cylinder airflow source. Such a source can have a position, orientation, length, end radius, an optional start radius, as well as the optional edge fade and distance fade parameters. Primarily, they can act in the same way as a point source, except that the azimuth and elevation edges are calculated based on the length and end radius of the cone. The optional start radius creates a trunk and the flow vector points from the theoretical tip of the cone towards the user. If the start and end radii are the same, then it creates a cylinder and the flow vector is perpendicular to the cylinder axis, as defined by the orientation parameter.

[140] In such approaches, the position, orientation, and speed of the airflow sources can be modified. The modifications can be made by the user, by an external source, such as a physics mechanism that also Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 117 / 131 36 / 40 is controlling the visual rendering, or by a random sequence generator.

[141] The content creator can also specify animations for the modifications, such as time-based animations, to turn fonts on and off or move them in a predetermined sequence.

[142] In the case of speed or orientation, a pseudorandom sequence can be specified. A desired range and distribution of random values ​​can instead be given, and a random number generator used to construct a random sequence that conforms to that range and distribution.

[143] One or more audio devices can be specifically implemented in one or more suitably programmed processors. The different functional blocks can be implemented in separate processors and / or can, for example, be implemented in the same processor. An example of a suitable processor is given below.

[144] Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary 300 processor according to the disclosure modalities. The 300 processor can be used to implement one or more processors implementing an apparatus as described above, or its elements (including, in particular, an artificial neural network). The 300 processor can be any suitable type of processor including, but not limited to, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable array (FPGA) where the FPGA has been programmed to form a processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) where the ASIC has been designed to form a processor, or a combination thereof.

[145] The 300 processor may include one or more 302 cores. The core 302 may include one or more Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs). Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 118 / 131 37 / 40 Logic Units) 304. In some embodiments, the core 302 may include a Floating Point Logic Unit (FPLU) 306 and / or a Digital Signal Processing Unit (DSPU) 308 in addition to or instead of the ALU 304.

[146] The 300 processor may include one or more 312 registers communicatively coupled to the 302 core. The 312 registers may be implemented using dedicated logic gate circuits (e.g., flip-flops) and / or any memory technology. In some embodiments, the 312 registers may be implemented using static memory. The register may provide data, instructions, and addresses to the 302 core.

[147] In some embodiments, the 300 processor may include one or more levels of 310 cache memory communicatively coupled to the 302 core. The 310 cache memory may provide computer-readable instructions to the 302 core for execution. The 310 cache memory may provide data for processing by the 302 core. In some embodiments, computer-readable instructions may have been provided to the 310 cache memory from local memory, such as local memory attached to the external bus 316. The 310 cache memory may be implemented with any suitable type of cache memory, for example, Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) memory, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), and / or any other suitable memory technology.

[148] Processor 300 may include a controller 314, which may control input to processor 300 from other processors and / or components included in a system and / or output from processor 300 to other processors and / or components included in the system. Controller 314 may control data paths in ALU 304, FPLU 306, and / or DSPU 308. Controller 314 may be implemented as one or more state machines, data paths, and / or dedicated control logic. The controller ports Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 119 / 131 38 / 40 314 can be implemented as standalone ports, FPGA, ASIC, or any other suitable technology.

[149] Registers 312 and cache 310 can communicate with the controller 314 and the core 302 via internal connections 320A, 320B, 320C and 320D. The internal connections can be implemented as a bus, multiplexer, crossbar switch and / or any other suitable connection technology.

[150] Inputs and outputs to the processor 300 may be provided via a bus 316, which may include one or more conductive lines. The bus 316 may be communicatively coupled to one or more components of the processor 300, for example, the controller 314, the cache 310 and / or the register 312. The bus 316 may be coupled to one or more system components.

[151] Bus 316 can be coupled to one or more external memories. External memories can include read-only memory (ROM) 332. ROM 332 can be a hidden ROM, an electronically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or any other suitable technology. External memory can include random access memory (RAM) 333. RAM 333 can be static RAM, static RAM with battery backup, dynamic RAM (DRAM), or any other suitable technology. External memory can include electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) 335. External memory can include flash memory 334. External memory can include a magnetic storage device, such as a disk 336. In some embodiments, external memories can be included in a system.

[152] It will be acknowledged that, for the sake of clarity, the above description has described embodiments of the invention with reference to different functional circuits, units and processors. However, it will be evident that any Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pages 120 / 131 39 / 40 The appropriate distribution of functionality among the different functional circuits, units, or processors can be used without deviating from the invention. For example, the illustrated functionality to be performed by separate processors or controllers can be performed by the same processor or the same controllers. Therefore, references to specific functional units or circuits should be considered only as references to suitable means of providing the described functionality and not as indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

[153] The invention can be implemented in any suitable form, including hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. The invention can optionally be implemented, at least partially, as computer software that runs on one or more data processors and / or digital signal processors. The elements and components of an embodiment of the invention can be physically, functionally, and logically implemented in any suitable form. In fact, the functionality can be implemented in a single unit, in a plurality of units, or as part of other functional units. Thus, the invention can be implemented in a single unit or can be physically and functionally distributed among different units, circuits, and processors.

[154] Although the present invention has been described in connection with some embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the specific form presented here. Instead, the scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims. Additionally, although it may appear that a feature is described in connection with specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that several features of the described embodiments can be combined according to the invention. In the claims, the term "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps.

[155] Furthermore, although mentioned individually, a plurality of means, elements, circuits or method steps can be implemented, for example, by means of a single circuit, a single unit or a single Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pages 121 / 131 40 / 40 processor. Additionally, although individual features may be included in different claims, they can be advantageously combined, and their inclusion in different claims does not imply that a combination of features is not feasible and / or advantageous. Furthermore, the inclusion of a feature in a category of claims does not imply limitation to that category, but instead indicates that the feature is equally applicable to other categories of claims, as appropriate. Moreover, the order of features in the claims does not imply any specific order in which the features need to be worked on, and in particular, the order of individual steps in a method claim does not imply that the steps need to be performed in that order. The steps can, in fact, be performed in any suitable order. Furthermore, singular references do not exclude plurality. Thus, references to a, an, first, second, etc.They do not preclude a plurality. Reference signs in the claims are provided merely as clarifying examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims in any way.

Claims

1. Audio apparatus for generating an audio signal, the apparatus being characterized by comprising: a receiver (203) disposed to receive airflow audio frequency profile data indicating a dependence of an airflow audio frequency profile on an airflow velocity parameter; a pose determiner (201) disposed to determine a listener pose property for a listener; a frequency response generator (205) disposed to determine an airflow frequency response depending on airflow audio frequency profile data, user pose property and an airflow velocity property for an airflow; an audio source (209) disposed to provide a first audio signal; an audio component generator (207) disposed to generate an airflow audio signal component, the generation comprising filtering the first audio signal using the airflow frequency response;and an output (211) arranged to generate the audio signal to understand the airflow audio signal component.; 2. Audio apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency response generator (205) is arranged to generate the frequency response of airflow in dependence on an airflow velocity relative to the listener.

3. Audio apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency response generator (205) is arranged to generate the frequency response of airflow depending on the direction of airflow relative to the listener.

4. Audio apparatus, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first audio signal is a noise audio signal. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 123 / 131 2 / 5 5. Audio apparatus, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the audio component generator (207) is disposed to generate the airflow audio signal component to be a stereo airflow audio signal component having a first channel and a second channel and the output (211) is disposed to generate the audio signal to be a stereo audio signal with a first channel and a second channel.

6. Audio apparatus, according to claim 5, characterized in that the audio source (209) is arranged to generate the first audio signal to be a stereo audio signal having different signals in the first channel and in the second channel.

7. Audio apparatus, according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the frequency response generator (205) is arranged to generate the airflow frequency response to comprise a first airflow frequency response for the first channel and a second airflow frequency response for the second channel; and wherein the audio component generator (207) is arranged to generate a first channel signal component for the airflow audio signal component using the first airflow frequency response for filtering and to generate a second channel signal component for the airflow audio signal component using the second airflow frequency response for filtering.

8. Audio apparatus, according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that it is disposed to generate the airflow audio signal component to have signals at least partially uncorrelated for the first channel and the second channel.

9. Audio apparatus, according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized by being disposed to adapt a degree of decorrelation between the first channel and the second channel of the stereo airflow audio signal component depending on an airflow direction relative to the listener. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 124 / 131 3 / 5 10. Audio apparatus, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the airflow audio frequency profile data comprise an indication of a first dependence of a first airflow audio frequency profile on an airflow direction parameter and an indication of a second dependence of a second airflow audio frequency profile on an airflow velocity parameter; and the frequency response generator (205) is disposed to generate a first frequency response in response to the first dependence and an airflow direction for the airflow relative to the listener, to generate a second frequency response in response to the second dependence and an airflow velocity for the airflow relative to the listener, and to generate the frequency response as a combination of the first frequency response and the second frequency response.

11. Audio device, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the audio signal is a stored audio signal.

12. Audio apparatus, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the airflow audio frequency profile data comprise an indication of relative airflow audio frequency response values ​​for each of a number of airflow velocity parameter values; and the frequency response generator (205) is disposed to determine other relative airflow audio frequency response values ​​for other airflow velocity parameter values ​​by interpolation from the number of airflow velocity parameter values.

13. Audio apparatus, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiver (203) is disposed to receive an indication of a property of an airflow source for the airflow and the frequency response generator (205) is disposed to determine the airflow velocity property in response to the property of the airflow source. Petition 870250083524, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 125 / 131 4 / 5 14. Audio apparatus, according to claim 13, characterized in that the indication of a property of the airflow source is arranged to indicate that the airflow source is at least one of the following: a global airflow source; an omnidirectional airflow source; a point airflow source; and a cone airflow source.

15. Audio device, according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the receiver (203) is disposed to receive the indication of the source property of the airflow as part of metadata of an audio bitstream received from a removal source.

16. Method for generating an audio signal, the method being characterized by comprising: receiving airflow audio frequency profile data indicating a dependence of an airflow audio frequency profile on an airflow velocity parameter; determining a listener pose property for a listener; determining an airflow frequency response in dependence on the airflow audio frequency profile data, the user pose property, and an airflow velocity property for an airflow; providing a first audio signal; generating an airflow audio signal component, the generation comprising filtering the first audio signal using the airflow frequency response; and generating the audio signal to comprise the airflow audio signal component.

17. Computer program product characterized by comprising means of computer program code adapted to execute all the steps as defined in claim 16, when said program is executed on a computer.

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