ENHANCED FLOW GAS SENSOR MODULE

Description

1 / 48 ENHANCED FLOW GAS SENSOR MODULE PRIORITY CLAIM

[0001] This application claims the benefit of the Provisional Application of U.S. No. 63 / 458,990, filed April 13, 2023, the full contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. FIELD

[0002] The present invention relates generally to gas sensor modules with enhanced flow. In one example, the present invention relates to gas sensor modules with enhanced flow for efficient gas flow over sensors in therapeutic gas delivery devices. BACKGROUND

[0003] A current method of detecting medical therapy gases in a patient line is to T-shunt and collect a small sample of the gas mixture and administer it to a sensor array that communicates with the main device administration management system. The most important requirement is that the gas be administered in the most homogeneous condition and in a timely manner. Gases can change as they are transported through the system, where, for example, oxygen molecules can combine with nitric oxide to form nitrogen dioxide, making timely delivery to the sensor array an important requirement for the accuracy of the gas mixture administered to the patient. It is also desirable to limit the volume of gas within the sampling line to ensure real-time monitoring of the therapeutic mixture being administered directly to the patient. SUMMARY

[0004] In some respects, the invention provides a gas sensor module for a therapeutic gas delivery device. The gas sensor module may include a sampling input. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 6 / 81 2 / 48 Operable to receive a sample gas comprising a mixture of a respiratory gas and a therapeutic gas from a sampling line connected to an inspiratory line of the therapeutic gas delivery device and a sampling chamber that forms a flow passage fluidly connected to the sampling inlet and operable to receive the sample gas, the sampling chamber includes a plurality of sensor chambers operable to be in communication with one or more corresponding sensors operable to measure at least one property of the sample gas. The flow passage can be operated to direct a flow of the sample gas from the sampling inlet to the plurality of sensor chambers, between each of the plurality of sensor chambers and from the plurality of sensor chambers to an outlet.The flow passage may include one or more bypasses before each of the plurality of sensor chambers, each bypass with an operable angle to promote mixing of the sample gas and promote diffusion of the sample gas in each of the corresponding sensors.

[0005] In one aspect, the mixing of the sample gas is such that the concentration of the respiratory gas and the therapeutic gas in the sample gas flowing over the plurality of sensor chambers is substantially the same as the concentration of the respiratory gas and the therapeutic gas in the inspiratory line.

[0006] In some respects, flow passage can reduce or prevent swirling eddies and dead zones in the sample gas flow through the sampling chamber. In other respects, flow passage creates low back pressure or resistance to flow through the sampling chamber. Mixing of the sample gas can provide turbulent delivery of the sample gas to the surface of each of one or more corresponding sensors. In some respects, a sample gas volume in the sampling chamber is Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 7 / 81 3 / 48 less than the sample gas volume that would be required in an unmixed sampling chamber.

[0007] In some respects, the angle of one or more diversions is approximately 90 degrees. One or more diversions are operable to change the direction of flow passage within the sampling chamber.

[0008] In one aspect, the sampling chamber includes an internal housing with an upper part, a lower part, a vertical axis, and a horizontal axis transverse to the vertical axis. At least one of the one or more offsets is along the vertical axis and / or the horizontal axis. The one or more offsets are approximately 90 degrees along the vertical axis and / or the horizontal axis of the sampling chamber. In some aspects, at least one of the plurality of sensor chambers is located in the lower part of the sampling chamber and the sampling inlet is located in the upper part of the sampling chamber.

[0009] The plurality of sensor chambers may include a first sensor chamber having a first sensor at the bottom of the sampling chamber, and the flow passage may include one to four diversions, each with angles of approximately 90 degrees, between the sample inlet at the top of the sampling chamber and an inlet of the first sensor chamber. In some aspects, the flow passage between the sample inlet and the first sensor chamber may include a first vertical diversion along the vertical axis, a second vertical diversion along the horizontal axis, a first horizontal diversion along the horizontal axis after the second diversion, and a third vertical diversion along the vertical axis. In one aspect, the first sensor chamber may be a nitrogen dioxide sensor chamber and the first sensor may be a nitrogen dioxide sensor. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 8 / 81 4 / 48

[0010] In some respects, the plurality of sensor chambers may include a second sensor chamber comprising a second sensor at the bottom of the sampling chamber, and the flow passage may include from about one to about four deviations, each with angles of about 90 degrees, between an output of the first sensor chamber and an input of the second sensor chamber. The flow passage between the output of the first sensor chamber and the input of the second sensor chamber may include a fourth vertical deviation along the horizontal axis and a fifth vertical deviation along the vertical axis after the fourth vertical deviation. The second sensor chamber may be a nitric oxide sensor chamber and the second sensor is a nitric oxide sensor.

[0011] In some respects, the plurality of sensor chambers includes a third sensor chamber comprising a third sensor at the top of the sampling chamber and wherein the flow passage includes about one to about four deviations, each with angles of about 90 degrees, between an outlet of the second sensor chamber and an opening of the third sensor chamber. The flow passage between the outlet of the second sensor chamber and the opening of the third sensor chamber may include a sixth vertical deviation along the horizontal axis, a second horizontal deviation along the horizontal axis, and a seventh vertical deviation along the vertical axis after the second horizontal deviation. The third sensor chamber may be a humidity and / or temperature sensor chamber, and the third sensor may be a humidity and / or temperature sensor.

[0012] In some respects, the flow passage directs the sample gas directly to the opening of the humidity and / or temperature sensor chamber, so that the sample gas exits the humidity and / or temperature sensor chamber through the opening. The flow passage directs the sample gas directly to the Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 9 / 81 5 / 48 opening from a vertical portion along a vertical axis of the sample chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Implementations of the present technology will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figures, in which:

[0014] Figure 1A is an exploded view of an exemplary gas sensor module;

[0015] Figure 1B is an exploded view of an exemplary gas sensor module;

[0016] Figure 1C is an isometric view of an exemplary sensor chamber with the cover removed.

[0017] Figure 2A is an isometric view of the rear of an exemplary gas sensor module.

[0018] Figure 2B is a side view of an exemplary gas sensor module.

[0019] Figure 2C is a front isometric view of an exemplary gas sensor module with the cover removed.

[0020] Figure 2D is a top view of an exemplary gas sensor module with the cover removed.

[0021] Figures 3A-3C show gas flow models through an exemplary gas sensor module. Figure 3A shows a top view of the gas flow through an exemplary gas sensor module. Figure 3B shows a side view of the gas flow through an exemplary gas sensor module. Figure 3C shows a side view of the gas flow through the outlet of an exemplary gas sensor module.

[0022] Figures 4A-4D show gas flow models through another exemplary gas sensor module. Figure 4A shows an isometric view of gas flow through a sensor module. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 10 / 81 6 / 48 exemplary gas. Figure 4B shows a top view of the gas flow through an exemplary gas sensor module. Figure 4C shows a side view of the gas flow through an exemplary gas sensor module. Figure 4D shows a close-up view of the gas flow through an exemplary gas sensor module.

[0023] Figure 5 shows a flow velocity model through an exemplary gas sensor module.

[0024] Figure 6A shows an isometric cutaway view of the flow passage of an exemplary gas sensor module.

[0025] Figure 6B shows an isometric view with transparency of the flow path of an exemplary gas sensor module.

[0026] Figure 7 shows a gas sensor module installed in a therapeutic gas delivery device in an example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that, for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, reference numbers have been repeated between different figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. Furthermore, several specific details are presented to provide a complete understanding of the examples described herein. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples described herein can be practiced without these specific details. In other cases, methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the relevant related feature being described. Furthermore, the description should not be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments described in this document. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, and the proportions of certain parts may be exaggerated to better illustrate details and features of the present invention.

[0028] Various definitions that apply throughout the above invention Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 11 / 81 7 / 48 will now be presented. The term coupled is defined as connected, directly or indirectly, through intervening components, and is not necessarily limited to physical connections. The connection may be such that the objects are permanently connected or connected in a removable way.

[0029] The term substantially is defined as essentially conforming to dimension, shape, or other specific word that substantially modifies, so that the component need not be exact. For example, substantially cylindrical means that the object resembles a cylinder, but may have one or more deviations from a true cylinder. In another example, substantially homogeneous may mean more than 75% homogeneous, more than 80% homogeneous, or more than 90% homogeneous.

[0030] The terms comprising, including and having are used interchangeably in this invention. The terms comprising, including and having mean include, but are not necessarily limited to, the things described.

[0031] In general, the ranges provided should include all specific ranges and combinations of sub-ranges between the ranges provided. Thus, a range of 1 to 5 specifically includes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, as well as sub-ranges such as 2 to 5, 3 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, 1 to 4, etc. All ranges and values ​​described in this document are inclusive and combinable. For example, any value or point described in this document that falls within a range described in this document may serve as a minimum or maximum value for deriving a sub-range, etc. Except in operational examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients and / or reaction conditions may be modified in all instances by the term approximately, meaning within + / - 5% of the number indicated. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 12 / 81 8 / 48

[0032] This document presents an enhanced flow gas sensor module with a sampling line featuring a flow passage within a sample chamber, wherein the flow passage has one or more bypasses between a plurality of sensors to measure at least one property of a sample gas in a therapeutic gas delivery device. The sample gas may be a mixture of a respiratory gas and a therapeutic gas being administered to a patient via an inspiratory line from the therapeutic gas delivery device. The enhanced flow gas sensor module improves upon previously known gas delivery systems by ensuring that sample gas volumes are minimized and that the sample gas mixture is enhanced for accurate measurement of concentrations.For example, the enhanced flow gas sensor module maximizes gas flow on one face of the sensor and promotes enhanced flow to ensure that the sample gas mixture is uniform and avoids swirling eddies and dead zones in the gas flow. The enhanced flow gas sensor module is designed to include multiple meandering paths and detours as the sample gas flow passes through the sensor zones / chambers and eliminates the possibility of any percentage of sample gas passing through the sensor. For example, the enhanced flow gas sensor module allows for the mixing of the sample gas so that the sample gas mixture over one or more sensors in the enhanced flow gas sensor module is homogeneous. In some examples, the sample gas mixture over one or more sensors in the enhanced flow gas sensor module is substantially homogeneous.The sample gas is directed to the sensor unit through a passage designed to create low back pressure or resistance to flow while ensuring enhanced surface delivery. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 13 / 81 9 / 48 of the sensor - this limits the volume of gas in the sampling line while simultaneously providing a sufficient volume of fresh sample gas to the sensors.

[0033] Conventionally, the sensing of medical therapy gases, such as nitric oxide, in a patient line is done by collecting a small sample of the gas mixture from a sampling T-piece and supplying it to a sensor array that communicates with a main device delivery management system. The most important requirement is that the gas be delivered in the most homogeneous condition and in a timely manner. Gases can change as they are transported through the system, where, for example, oxygen molecules can combine with nitric oxide to form nitrogen dioxide, making timely delivery to the sensor array an important requirement for the accuracy of the gas mixture being delivered to the patient.Thus, the detection of a sample gas mixture in a therapeutic gas delivery device may not accurately or precisely represent the mixture being administered to the patient, which can interfere with the patient's effective treatment.

[0034] The enhanced flow gas sensor module described here overcomes the limitations of conventional gas sensors. One advantage of the enhanced flow gas sensor module is that it provides a quantity of sample gas to a plurality of sensor chambers, ensuring that the sensors can accurately detect concentrations while minimizing the volume removed from the patient line. Limiting the volume of gas within the sampling line is advantageous for ensuring real-time monitoring of the therapeutic mixture being administered directly to the patient. It is also advantageous for providing gas as close as possible to the same concentration mixture being administered to the patient. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 14 / 81 10 / 48 patient.

[0035] In some examples, the gas sensor module includes a flow passage that has one or more bypasses between a plurality of sensors to measure at least one property of a sample gas in a therapeutic gas delivery device. One or more bypasses may be operated to change the direction of the flow passage within the sampling chamber. The sample gas mixture may be such that the concentration of the respiratory gas and the therapeutic gas in the sample gas flowing in a plurality of sensor chambers is substantially the same as the concentration of the respiratory gas and the therapeutic gas in the inspiratory line.

[0036] The angle of each of the deflections can be operated to promote the mixing of the sample gas and promote the diffusion of the sample gas in each of the various sensors. In some aspects, the angle of each of the deflections can be between 0 and 90 degrees. In some additional aspects, the angle of one or more deflections can be approximately 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, or 90 degrees.

[0037] Flow passage can reduce or prevent swirling eddies and dead zones in the sample gas flow through the sampling chamber. In some embodiments, the flow passage can create low backpressure or resistance to flow through the sampling chamber. The mixing of the sample gas, due to the flow passage design, can provide turbulent delivery of the sample gas to a surface of each of the sensors. In some embodiments, the volume of sample gas in the sampling chamber is less than the volume of sample gas that would be required in the sampling chamber without the mixing caused by the flow passage configuration and the turbulent flow states caused by the flow passage. In some examples, the flow passage can be Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 15 / 81 11 / 48 a tubular flow passage.

[0038] The enhanced flow gas sensor module can be used in an exemplary gas sensor assembly shown, for example, in Figures 1A and 1B, which show exploded views of an exemplary gas sensor assembly, and in Figure 1C, which shows a rear isometric view of an exemplary sensor chamber with the cover removed. The gas sensor assembly 10 includes a gas sensor module 100 and an internal assembly housing 200 operable to receive the gas sensor module 100 in a removable manner. The internal assembly housing 200 includes a module receiving portion 202 that forms a receiving recess for module 204. The gas sensor module 100 is received in a removable manner in the receiving recess of module 204. As such, the gas sensor module 100 is removablely coupled to the internal assembly housing 200.The gas sensor assembly 10 may also include a gas analyzer unit 300 with a main assembly housing 302 operable to receive the internal assembly housing 200. In some examples, the internal assembly housing 200 is removablely coupled to the main assembly housing 302. In other examples, the internal assembly housing 200 is fixedly coupled to the main assembly housing 302. The gas analyzer unit 300 is contained within a therapeutic gas delivery device 50. In at least one example, the main assembly housing 302 is coupled to and in fluid communication with the therapeutic gas delivery device 50.In some examples, the gas sensor module 100 is nested within the inner housing of assembly 200, which is nested within the main housing of assembly 302, so that the gas sensor module 100 is coupled and in fluid communication with the therapeutic gas delivery device 50. In others... Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 16 / 81 In examples 12 / 48, the internal housing of assembly 200 and the gas analyzer unit 300 can be integrated as a single operable unit to receive the gas sensor module 100. In further examples, the therapeutic gas delivery device 50 is operable to receive the gas sensor module 100. Figure 7 illustrates the gas sensor module 100 installed in the therapeutic gas delivery device 50.

[0039] The therapeutic gas delivery device 50 is operable to deliver therapeutic gas to a patient. For example, the therapeutic gas delivery device 50 can deliver therapeutic nitric oxide (NO) gas to a patient. The gas sensor module 100, the internal housing of the assembly 200, and the main housing of the assembly 302 are positioned so that gas can flow from a breathing circuit of the therapeutic gas delivery device 50, through a sampling tube, through the gas analyzer unit 300, through the internal housing of the assembly 200, to the gas sensor module 100. In at least one example, a sampling tube can be fluidly connected to a breathing circuit of the gas delivery device 50, and the gas sensor module 100 can be operated to receive the sample gas from the sampling tube.In at least one instance, the breathing circuit of the therapeutic gas delivery device 50 includes a sampling T-fitting that is operable to receive the sampling tube so that at least a portion of the gas in the breathing circuit flows through the sampling tube. Furthermore, in at least one instance, the internal housing of the assembly 200 may include a port 206 that can be fluidly connected to a port 304 on the gas analyzer unit 300, which can be fluidly connected to the sampling tube. Port 206 can receive the sample gas from the therapeutic gas delivery device through it. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 17 / 81 13 / 48 of port 304 of the gas analyzer unit 300 and supply the sample gas to the gas sensor module 100.

[0040] Figures 2A-2D illustrate the gas sensor module 100 in a rear isometric view (Figure 2A), a side view (Figure 2B), a front isometric view with the cover removed (Figure 2C), and a top view with the cover removed (Figure 2D). Figures 1A and 1B illustrate exploded views of the gas sensor module 100. The gas sensor module 100 includes a sampling chamber 101. The sampling chamber 101 receives the sample gas from the therapeutic gas delivery device 50. The sampling chamber 101 is fluidically connected to an inlet 119. The inlet 119 is fluidically connected to a therapeutic gas delivery device and can be operated to receive the sample gas.In some examples, inlet 119 is fluidly connected to port 206 of the internal housing of the assembly 200, which is fluidly connected to port 304 of the gas analyzer unit 300, which is fluidly connected to the sampling tube in the therapeutic gas delivery device 50. In at least one example, the sampling chamber 101 is operable to receive sample gas from the therapeutic gas delivery device 50. The sampling chamber 101 may include an internal housing 102. The internal housing 102 may include an outlet 103 through which sample gas can be removed from the sampling chamber 101. The outlet 103 may be, for example, an opening formed in the internal housing 102. In at least one example, the gas sensor module 100 includes an external housing 104 that at least partially encloses the internal housing 102.In some examples, the external housing 104 may include at least one of the following: a protrusion element 106, a protrusion shaft 108, a handle 110, a handle shaft 114, a ventilation cover 112 and / or a gasket 113. In at least. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 18 / 81 14 / 48 In some examples, the protrusion element 106, the protrusion shaft 108, handle 110 and / or the handle shaft 114 can be used to facilitate the insertion / removal of the gas sensor module 100 by the user through a locking / unlocking action of the vent cover 112. In some examples, the handle 110 may be a folding pull tab, as seen in Figure 1B. The gasket 113 can help prevent leaks from the pneumatic circuit (e.g., the pressurized sample gas circuit / flow passage) by preventing the sample gas from interacting with the electronic components. In at least one example, the gasket 113 may be made of silicone rubber. The gasket 113 may be made of other types of materials configured to prevent leaks.

[0041] In some embodiments, the internal housing 102 may include an upper part, a lower part, a vertical axis and a horizontal axis transverse to the vertical axis. At least one of the flow passage deviations 144 may be along the vertical axis and / or the horizontal axis. In some embodiments, one or more deviations are approximately 90 degrees along the vertical axis and / or the horizontal axis of the sampling chamber 101.

[0042] The gas sensor module 100 includes a plurality of sensors 118. The plurality of sensors 118 can be operated to communicate with a plurality of corresponding sensor chambers 140, which can be operated to receive the sample gas. Each sensor chamber 140 can include an inlet or an opening to the sensor chamber and an outlet from the sensor chamber. The flow passage 144 can be operated to direct a flow of sample gas from the inlet 119 to the plurality of sensor chambers 140, between each of the sensor chambers 140, and from the plurality of sensor chambers to the outlet 103. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of sensor chambers Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 19 / 81 15 / 48 140 may be located at the bottom of the sampling chamber 101. In some other embodiments, the input 119 may be located at the top of the sampling chamber 101. The sensors 118 are operable to measure at least one property of the sample gas. For example, the sensors 118 may include two or more gas detection sensors, humidity sensors, and / or temperature sensors.

[0043] In at least one instance, the gas sensor module 100 may include two or more gas detection sensors 122. In at least one instance, the gas sensor module 100 may include two or more different sensors 118. As illustrated in Figures 1B and 1C, the gas sensor module 100 may include a humidity sensor (not shown) and two gas detection sensors 122. In other instances, the gas sensor module 100 may include one or more gas detection sensors 122 and a humidity sensor.Gas detection sensors 122 may include one or more NO, NO2, O2 sensors, or combinations thereof. In at least one example, gas detection sensors 122 may include a NO sensor and a NO2 sensor. Each gas detection sensor may be operated to be in communication with a sensor chamber 140. The plurality of sensor chambers 140 may include NO sensor chambers, NO2 sensor chambers, O2 sensor chambers, humidity sensor chambers, temperature sensor chambers, or combinations thereof. The sensor chambers may include one or more NO, NO2, O2, humidity, temperature sensors, or combinations thereof. Although Figure 1B illustrates two gas detection sensors 122, one, three, or more gas detection sensors 122 may be included.The property of the sample gas being measured may be one or more of the following: NO concentration, NO2 concentration, O2 concentration, humidity, temperature, or a combination thereof. (As appropriate.) Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 20 / 81 16 / 48 illustrated in Figure 1B, the gas sensor module 100 includes a sensor seal 116 coupled to at least one of the sensors 118. As illustrated in Figure 1B, the gas sensor module 100 may include a moisture sensor seal 130 operable for coupling to a moisture sensor (not shown) that may be integrated into the detection circuit 124. For example, the moisture sensor may be located near the outlet 103 of the sampling chamber 101.

[0044] In some examples, a humidity sensor and / or a temperature sensor may be located in an upper part (e.g., near outlet 103 and / or inlet 119) of the gas sensor module 100 along the flow passage 144. In some examples, one or more gas detection sensors 122 may be located in a lower part of the gas sensor module 100 along the flow passage 144.

[0045] In some instances, the gas sensor module 100 may have a height of approximately less than 5 inches. In some instances, the gas sensor module 100 may have a height of approximately less than 0.5 inches, approximately 0.5 inches to approximately 1 inch, approximately 1 inch to approximately 1.5 inches, approximately 1.5 inches to approximately 2 inches, approximately 2 inches to approximately 2.5 inches, approximately 2.5 inches to approximately 3 inches, approximately 3 inches to approximately 3.5 inches, approximately 3.5 inches to approximately 4 inches, approximately 4 inches to approximately 4.5 inches, approximately 4.5 inches to approximately 5 inches or more. In some instances, the gas sensor module 100 may have a length (e.g., from the input end 119 to the output end 103) of approximately less than 5 inches. In some examples, the 100 gas sensor module may have a length less than about 0.5 inches, ranging from about 0.5 inches to about 1 inch. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 21 / 81 17 / 48 approximately 1 inch to approximately 1.5 inches, approximately 1.5 inches to approximately 2 inches, approximately 2 inches to approximately 2.5 inches, approximately 2.5 inches to approximately 3 inches, approximately 3 inches to approximately 3.5 inches, approximately 3.5 inches to approximately 4 inches, approximately 4 inches to approximately 4.5 inches, approximately 4.5 inches to approximately 5 inches, approximately 5 inches to approximately 5.5 inches, approximately 5.5 inches to approximately 6 inches or more. In some examples, the 100 gas sensor module may have a width of approximately less than 5 inches.In some examples, the 100 gas sensor module may have a width of about 0.5 inches to about 1 inch, about 1 inch to about 1.5 inches, about 1.5 inches to about 2 inches, about 2 inches to about 2.5 inches, about 2.5 inches to about 3 inches, about 3 inches to about 3.5 inches, about 3.5 inches to about 4 inches, about 4.5 inches to about 5 inches, about 5 inches to about 5.5 inches, about 5.5 inches to about 6 inches or more.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment (see Figures 6A-6B), the plurality of sensor chambers 140 includes a first sensor chamber 600 comprising a first sensor 118, 122 at the bottom of the sampling chamber 101 and the flow passage 144 includes about one to about four deviations, each with angles of about 90 degrees, between the inlet 119 at the top of the sampling chamber 101 and an inlet of the first sensor chamber 600. The flow passage 144 between the inlet 119 and the first sensor chamber 600 includes a first vertical deviation along the vertical axis, a second vertical deviation along the horizontal axis, a first horizontal deviation along the horizontal axis, and a third vertical deviation along the vertical axis after the first horizontal deviation. The first sensor chamber 600 may be a NO2 sensor chamber. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 22 / 81 18 / 48 and the first sensor 118, 122 may be a NO2 sensor. The plurality of sensor chambers 140 may include a second sensor chamber 602 comprising a second sensor 118, 122 at the bottom of the sampling chamber 101. The flow passage 144 may include approximately two diversions, each with angles of approximately 90 degrees, between an output of the first sensor chamber and the input of the second sensor chamber. The flow passage 144 between the output of the first sensor chamber 600 and the input of the second sensor chamber 602 may include a first vertical diversion along the vertical axis and a second vertical diversion along the vertical axis after the first vertical diversion. The second sensor chamber 602 may be a NO sensor chamber and the second sensor 118, 122 may be a NO sensor.The plurality of sensor chambers 140 may include a third sensor chamber 630 and a third sensor (e.g., humidity sensor and / or temperature sensor) at the top of the sampling chamber 101, as illustrated, for example, in Figure 4A. The flow passage 144 may include from about one to about four deviations, each with angles of about 90 degrees, between the outlet of the second sensor chamber 602 and the opening of the third sensor chamber 630. The flow passage 144 between the outlet of the second sensor chamber 602 and the opening of the third sensor chamber 630 may include a first vertical deviation along the horizontal axis, a first horizontal deviation along the horizontal axis, and a second vertical deviation along the vertical axis after the first horizontal deviation. The third sensor chamber 630 may be a humidity and / or temperature sensor chamber, and the third sensor may be a humidity and / or temperature sensor.Flow passage 144 can direct the sample gas directly to the opening of the humidity and / or temperature sensor chamber (e.g., the third chamber of sensor 630), and the sample gas can exit the chamber. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 23 / 81 19 / 48 humidity and / or temperature sensor through the same opening. Flow passage 144 can direct the sample gas directly to the opening along the vertical axis of the sampling chamber 101.

[0047] Returning to Figures 1A-1B, the gas sensor module 100 includes a detection circuit 124 that can be coupled to the sensors 118. The detection circuit 124 is operable to detect and report the measured properties of the sample gas from the sensors 118. The detection circuit 124 can be communicatively coupled with the gas delivery device 50. In one example, the detection circuit 124 can be operable to report measured properties of the sample gas to a gas analyzer controller 350 in the gas analyzer unit 300. In another example, the gas analyzer controller 350 can be operable to report measured properties of the sample gas to the therapeutic gas delivery device 50. The detection circuit 124 can be coupled to the gas analyzer controller 350 and / or the gas delivery device 50 by any suitable wired or wireless connection, for example Ethernet cable, Bluetooth, RFID, or fiber optics.In at least one instance, the detection circuit 124 and / or the gas analyzer controller 350 may be operable to store measured properties of the sample gas. The gas sensor module 100, via the detection circuit 124, may be operable to electronically retain serial numbers, calibration data, and / or usage information of the gas sensor module 100. In another instance, the gas analyzer controller 350 may be operable to electronically retain serial numbers, calibration data, and / or usage information of the gas sensor module 100. In this way, the components can continue to be tracked and located even when the gas sensor module 100 is disconnected from the gas administration device 50. The detection circuit 124 may include an operable connector 125 for connecting the... Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 24 / 81 The 20 / 48 gas sensor module 100 detection circuit is paired with the gas analyzer controller 350 and thus the gas administration device 50. Consequently, the gas sensor module 100 can be hot-swapped, and connector 125 is easily connected to the gas administration device 50 without additional experience or tools.

[0048] The gas sensor module 100 additionally includes a cover 126, which can be attached to the outer housing 104. In at least one example, the cover 126 can be removablely attached to the outer housing 104 by fasteners 128. The fasteners 128 can be, for example, at least one of: screws, nails, nuts and bolts, Velcro fasteners, adhesives and / or any other suitable fasteners.

[0049] The gas sensor module 100 is self-contained within the therapeutic gas delivery device 50 and can be exchanged for another gas sensor module 100. The containment of all sensors and / or analytical elements for the sample gas provides the capability for a hot swap in case of recalibration, component failure and / or contamination. For example, the gas sensor module 100 can be replaced in case of failure of the gas sensor module 100, failure of the sampling line filter and / or when the service period for the calibration of the gas sensor module 100 is about to expire. Furthermore, the modularization of the gas sensor module 100 simplifies the future addition of sensors 118 for analytes such as O2 or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) without the need to modify the overall gas delivery device 50, instead of upgrading to a next-generation gas sensor module.A replacement gas sensor module 100 can simply be installed, and the gas delivery device 50 can then be immediately put back into service. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 25 / 81 The 21 / 48 gas sensor module 100 can be replaced with a pre-calibrated gas sensor module 100 by a responsible person in a matter of minutes, without the need for special tools or equipment. For example, replacing the gas sensor module 100 may result in less than five minutes of downtime in measuring at least one property of the sample gas. In at least one example, replacing the gas sensor module 100 may result in less than three minutes of downtime in measuring at least one property of the sample gas. In some examples, replacing the gas sensor module 100 may result in less than one minute of downtime in measuring at least one property of the sample gas.

[0050] In another example, replacing the gas sensor module 100 can result in no downtime in the administration of therapeutic gas from the therapeutic gas delivery device 50. In this example, the administration of therapeutic gas to the patient is uninterrupted by replacing the gas sensor module 100 because the gas sensor module 100 analyzes the sample gas, separate from the therapeutic gas in the respiratory circuit. Furthermore, since the gas sensor module 100 is independent, it does not require the therapeutic gas delivery device 50 to be switched off or any interruption in the flow of therapeutic gas to the patient. This allows the therapeutic gas delivery device 50 to continuously deliver therapeutic gas to the patient through the respiratory circuit while the gas sensor module 100 is replaced with a new pre-calibrated gas sensor module 100.In at least one instance, the therapeutic gas delivery device 50 can be continuously operable when the gas sensor module 100 is replaced. Furthermore, sample detection by the gas sensor module 100 can begin. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 26 / 81 22 / 48 approximately five minutes after installation, following the completion of a low-throughput calibration protocol. In at least one instance, the low-throughput calibration protocol may automatically initiate after the installation of a new 100 gas sensor module. The hot-swappability of the 100 gas sensor module has a significant positive impact on user experience and device downtime. Pre-calibrating or calibrating the 100 gas sensor module before installation eliminates the need for on-site high-throughput calibration of NO and / or other sensors and allows for quick and simple replacement of a failed or expired gas sensor module, enabling off-site recalibration and repair, if applicable.

[0051] The gas sensor module 100 can be used, or in use, and maintain calibration stability for at least one month. In at least one instance, the in-use calibration stability period for the gas sensor module 100 can be extended from the conventional one month to approximately three months. In at least one instance, the gas sensor module 100 can have a lifetime calibration stability period (e.g., stability when not installed in a gas administration device 50) of at least 1 month, alternatively at least 3 months, alternatively at least 6 months, or alternatively at least 1 year. In some instances, the lifetime of the gas sensor module 100 can be extended by the inclusion of a battery 132, as illustrated in Figure 1C, or other voltage source to provide an electrical potential across the sensors 118, 122 during storage to maintain calibration.In at least one instance, the gas sensor module 100 may include an expiration date. A user may receive gas sensor module replacement reminders / alarms via, for example, a graphical user interface and / or a... Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 27 / 81 23 / 48 application and / or program associated with the therapeutic gas delivery device.

[0052] In at least one instance, the gas sensor module 100 may include and / or be electrically connected to an apparatus (not shown) that includes a voltage source that may be used in conjunction with an ultra-low power consumption configuration to ensure that the sensors 118 maintain calibration stability for a predetermined period, for example, up to 6 months. The plurality of sensors 118 in the gas sensor module 100 may be pre-calibrated and, with the apparatus, an electrical potential may be supplied across the sensors 118 to maintain the calibration of the sensors 118. For example, the voltage source may supply an electrical potential across the plurality of sensors 118 of the gas sensor module 100 at predetermined times to maintain the calibration stability of the sensors 118 when the gas sensor module 100 is in an uninstalled configuration.As such, the end user may order multiple gas sensor modules 100, keeping them in storage until they are required to replace the gas sensor modules 100 in use when recalibration and / or replacement is necessary. In at least one instance, the voltage source may be a battery or a power transformer. In at least one instance, the voltage source may be a battery 132 internal to the gas sensor module 100, as seen in Figure 1C. In other instances, the voltage source may be external to the gas sensor module 100. The voltage source may cease to supply electrical potential through the sensors 118 when the gas sensor module 100 is installed within the therapeutic gas delivery device 50. In at least one instance, the apparatus and voltage source may be removable from the gas sensor module prior to installation in the therapeutic gas delivery device 50. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 28 / 81 24 / 48 Another example, the voltage source may remain connected to the gas sensor module 100 after installation, but no longer provide an electrical potential through the sensors 118, 122 of the gas sensor module 100. In at least one example, as illustrated in Figure 1C, the battery 132 may connect directly to the detection circuit 124 so that a separate device is not required to connect the battery 132 to the gas sensor module 100.

[0053] Implementing pre-calibration and / or off-site calibration provides calibration accuracy. For example, the conventional single-point high calibration protocol assumes a single linear function across the entire range of administered NO concentrations. While sufficient to meet current requirements for a calibration accuracy of + / - 20%, this could be significantly improved by employing a multi-point calibration protocol, something that is not compatible with user-executed calibration but can be performed automatically in a factory calibration scenario. With such an approach, calibration functions for various NO concentration subranges can be generated and stored for implementation (e.g., in the form of a simple lookup table in the device memory).The Gas Sensor Module 100 can then determine the appropriate calibration function to use when measuring gas administration based, for example, on the defined dose and the range it falls within. This is particularly important in pediatric applications or other low-concentration applications for NO administration, where many calibration gases are supplied at a defined concentration of 45 ppm, often more than double the administered NO concentration. This would also solve a problem faced by certain users who feel uncomfortable with the display of a... Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 29 / 81 25 / 48 concentration which may be up to 20% lower / higher than the defined dose.

[0054] In addition, an off-site calibration and / or pre-calibration (e.g., factory) can utilize a 356 calibration manifold (shown in Figure 1A) that can control at least one of temperature, relative humidity, and pressure, facilitating the generation of calibration functions that not only provide a more accurate measurement of gas, such as NO, in specific subranges, but also allow compensation for different temperatures, pressures, and relative humidity values.

[0055] In addition, off-site calibration and / or pre-calibration can facilitate accurate measurement of the gas, such as NO, concentration used in the calibration gas mixture. Instead of using calibrated gas cylinders that have been prepared in batches for administration to end users, the calibration gas can be accurately quantified in terms of gas concentration.

[0056] Figures 1A and 1B illustrate a detailed exploded view of a gas sensor assembly 10. As described herein, the gas sensor assembly 10 includes the gas sensor module 100 which is received in a removable manner in the internal housing of the assembly 200. The gas sensor module 100 can be removablely coupled to the internal housing of the assembly 200 by one or more fasteners, such as screws, clamps, rotating pillars or any other suitable fastener, so that the gas sensor module 100 can be removed from the internal housing of the assembly 200 without special tools or expertise. The internal housing of the assembly 200 can be received in and / or coupled to the main housing of the assembly 302, which is within or in fluid communication with the therapeutic gas delivery device. In one example, the internal housing of the assembly 200 and the main housing of the assembly Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 30 / 81 26 / 48 302 remain fixed within the therapeutic gas delivery device, while the gas sensor module 100 is removable and replaceable as needed.

[0057] A sample gas is taken from the therapeutic gas delivery device and passed to the gas sensor module 100 through the gas sensor assembly 10 so that the gas sensor module 100 can detect and report at least one property of the sample gas. Sample gas can enter the main housing of the assembly through port 304. In one example, a two-stage filter luer interface 306 can be connected to port 304, external to the main housing of the assembly 302. Port 304 can be fluidly connected to a pump 308 inside the main housing of the assembly 302. Pump 308 is operable to pump sample gas through the gas sensor module 100. Pump 308 can retrieve sample gas from the gas administration device, for example, through port 304 and a pump feeder tube 310. The pump feeder tube 310 can be coupled to pump 308 using a fastener 314, such as a clamp.Pump 308 includes a fan 316 that can be operated to be rotated to promote the flow of sample gas. In at least one instance, the sample gas may then be received in a restrictor feed tube 318, passed through a restrictor 320 which is received in a restrictor housing 322 and passed through a restrictor return tube 324. The restrictor 320 may be operable to restrict the gas flow by creating a pressure differential. In at least some instances, the restrictor 320 may be incorporated into the calibration manifold 356. In other instances, the gas analyzer unit 300 may not include the restrictor feed tube, the restrictor, the restrictor housing, or the restrictor return tube. In this instance, the calibration manifold 356 may incorporate the function of the restrictor 320. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 31 / 81 27 / 48 including a restriction opening to restrict the flow of sample gas to create the pressure differential.

[0058] The restrictor 320 and / or calibration collector 356 can be used to control the speed and / or quantity of sample gas received by the gas sensor module 100. The sample gas can then pass through the pump 308 and out of the pump distribution tube 312.

[0059] The gas sensor assembly 10 may include a sampling tube 352 hydraulically connected to the gas administration device 50 and the operable gas sensor module 100 to receive the sample gas. For example, the sampling tube 352 may be fluidly connected to the pump distribution tube 312. In at least one example, at least a portion of the sampling tube 352 may be a water-permeable tube made of a tetrafluoroethylene sulfonated copolymer-based fluoropolymer (e.g., a Nafion™ tube). As illustrated in Figure 1A, the gas sensor assembly 10 may additionally include a humidity component 354 and a calibration manifold 356.The moisture component 354, the water-permeable tube portion of the sampling tube 352, the calibration manifold 356, any other suitable components, for example, to control temperature and / or pressure, or any combination thereof, can control at least one of the following: temperature, relative humidity, and pressure, facilitating the generation of calibration functions that not only provide a more accurate measurement of gas, such as NO, in specific subranges, but also allow compensation for different temperatures, pressures, and / or relative humidity values. For example, the moisture component 354, the water-permeable tube portion of the sampling tube 352, and / or the calibration manifold 356 can reduce the moisture content of the sample gas to increase its stability. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 32 / 81 28 / 48 gas sensor module calibration 100. A gas analyzer substructure 357 may be included to house at least part of the moisture component 354, the water-permeable tube portion of the sampling tube 352 and / or the calibration manifold 356. One or more fasteners 358 may retain at least one of the moisture components 354, the water-permeable tube portion of the sampling tube 352 and / or the calibration manifold 356 within the gas analyzer substructure 357. The fasteners 358 may be, for example, screws, adhesives and / or nuts and bolts.

[0060] The gas sensor assembly 10 may additionally include a high differential connection tube 360 ​​and a low differential connection tube 362. In at least one instance, the gas sensor assembly 10 may include an ambient air pressure connection tube 364 that is fluidly connected to the outside atmosphere or ambient air. To supply ambient air, the gas sensor assembly 10 may include an ambient air inlet tube 368 that is fluidly connected to the outside of the gas sensor assembly 10 to supply ambient air. A filter 372 is attached to one end of the ambient air inlet tube 368 opposite the end connected to the outside of the gas sensor assembly 10. The filter 372 may filter ambient air to prevent particles or other substances that could affect the gas sensor module 100 from determining accurate measurements of the sample gas.A connector tube 366 may be included to seamlessly connect the water-permeable portion of the sampling tube 352 to the calibration manifold 356. Additionally, in at least one instance, a filter tube 370 may be seamlessly connected to the filter 372 to provide a passage for ambient air to the water-permeable portion of the sampling tube 352.

[0061] The sample gas is received through port 206 of the internal housing of assembly 200. Port 206 is connected to Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 33 / 81 29 / 48 fluid form with the inlet 119 of the gas sensor module 100 and the sample gas is received inside the sampling chamber 101 of the gas sensor module 100.

[0062] This document also provides a method for providing a gas sensor module for use in a therapeutic gas delivery device. In some examples, the method may include calibrating the plurality of sensors in the gas sensor module and providing electrical potential across the plurality of sensors to maintain the sensor plurality calibration. The sensor plurality calibration may be maintained for at least 1 month, at least 3 months, at least 6 months, or at least 1 year. The electrical potential may be provided by an apparatus with a voltage source, such as a battery. In some examples, the method may further include removing the apparatus / voltage source before or simultaneously with the installation of the gas sensor module in the therapeutic gas delivery device. The gas sensor module may be installed inside the internal housing of the assembly and the external housing of the assembly in the therapeutic gas delivery device.In some examples, installing the gas sensor module results in less than 5 minutes of downtime in measuring at least one property of a sample gas from the therapeutic gas delivery device. In other examples, installing the gas sensor module results in no downtime in administering therapeutic gas to a patient.

[0063] Figures 3A-3C show gas flow models through an exemplary gas sensor module, where the color gradient represents the gas velocity through the flow passage and sensor chambers. The sensor chambers 140 may include a first sensor chamber 600, a second sensor chamber 602, and a third sensor chamber 630. As can be seen in the Figures Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 34 / 81 30 / 48 In Figures 3A-3B, the gas flow velocity is highest at the sampling chamber inlet 119. When the gas enters the first sensor chamber 600, the gas velocity decreases. The velocity continues to decrease as the gas flows through the second sensor chamber 602 and is slowest at the outlet 103. Figure 3C shows that the gas can flow upwards, above the outlet, into a third sensor chamber 630, before exiting the sampling chamber through outlet 103.

[0064] Figures 4A-4D show gas flow models through another exemplary gas sensor module. Here, as in Figures 3A-3C, the gas velocity is highest in flow passage 144 between inlet 119 and the first sensor 122. The gas velocity is lowest within sensor chambers 140 and at outlet 103. As can be seen in Figure 4D, the gas can flow upwards, above outlet 103, to a third sensor chamber, for example, a temperature / humidity sensor chamber.

[0065] As illustrated in Figures 4A-4D, the flow passage Flow passage 144 may include several bypasses and straight paths before, between, and after the first sensor chamber 600, the second sensor chamber 602, and the third sensor chamber 630. The bypasses and straight paths may increase and / or decrease the velocity of the sample gas (e.g., sample gas particles), thus allowing for homogeneous mixing (e.g., the concentration of respiratory gas and therapeutic gas is mixed so that the concentration profiles are substantially constant in all sensor chambers 140). For example, flow passage 144 allows the sample gas to mix in such a way as to avoid pockets (e.g., points within flow passage 144) in flow passage 144 where the sample gas concentration deviates substantially from the sample gas concentration in other areas of flow passage 144. The bypasses and straight paths may allow for turbulent flow. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 35 / 81 31 / 48 in flow passage 144, thus allowing for homogeneous mixing of the sample gas. Turbulent flow can provide sufficient mixing of the sample gas so that the sample gas tested in the sensors is substantially mixed in the same proportion as the gas mixture administered to the patient. Turbulent flow causes the sample gas particles to move in different directions and at different speeds, thus influencing the homogeneous mixing of the sample gas. Furthermore, it is considered that the flow through flow passage 144 may not achieve turbulent flow, but may still provide sufficient mixing for the sample gas to be a homogeneous mixture.

[0066] In some examples, flow passage 144 ensures that the sample gas is homogeneously mixed upon entering the first chamber of sensor 600 (for example, if the same concentrations of respiratory gas and therapeutic gas are entering inlet 119, the concentration of the sample gas entering the first chamber of sensor 600 will be substantially constant). In some examples, flow passage 144 ensures that the sample gas is homogeneously mixed upon entering the second chamber of sensor 602 (for example, the therapeutic gas and respiratory gas exiting the first chamber of sensor 600 are mixed by flow passage 144 between the first chamber of sensor 600 and the second chamber of sensor 602, so that the concentration of the sample gas entering the second chamber of sensor 602 is substantially constant).In some examples, flow passage 144 ensures that the sample gas is homogeneously mixed upon entering the third chamber of sensor 630 (for example, the therapeutic gas and the respiratory gas exiting the second chamber of sensor 602 are mixed by flow passage 144 between the second chamber of sensor 602 and the third chamber of sensor 630, so that... Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 36 / 81 32 / 48 the concentration of the sample gas entering the third chamber of sensor 630 is substantially constant).

[0067] Sample gas may enter the sampling chamber. 101 through inlet 119. The sample gas may have a velocity of about 0.3 meters / second (m / s) to about 1 m / s at inlet 119. In some examples, the sample gas may have a velocity of about 0.3 m / s to about 0.4 m / s, about 0.4 m / s to about 0.5 m / s, about 0.5 m / s to about 0.6 m / s, and thus allow a homogeneous mixture of the sample gas to be tested in the first chamber of sensor 600, the second chamber of sensor 602, and the third chamber of sensor 630.

[0068] When the sample gas enters inlet 119, the sample gas can flow downwards along a 90-degree bend 400. The 90-degree bend 400 can reduce the sample gas velocity to a velocity of about 0 m / s to about 0.3 m / s. The 90-degree bend 400 allows for further mixing of the sample gas, thus forming a homogeneous mixture of the respiratory gas and the therapeutic gas. The sample gas can then flow along a straight vertical path 402, as illustrated in Figures 4A-4D. The sample gas velocity can increase along the straight vertical path 402.In some examples, the velocity of the sample gas along the straight vertical path 402 may be about 0.1 m / s to about 0.2 m / s, about 0.2 m / s to about 0.3 m / s, about 0.3 m / s to about 0.4 m / s, about 0.4 m / s to about 0.5 m / s, about 0.5 m / s to about 0.6 m / s, about 0.6 m / s to about 0.7 m / s, about 0.7 m / s to about 0.8 m / s, or any velocity or range thereof. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 37 / 81 33 / 48 speeds between them.

[0069] The sample gas can then flow to a 90-degree deviation 404 in a straight horizontal path 406, as illustrated in Figures 4A-4D. The 90-degree deviation 404 can decrease the velocity of the sample gas. For example, the 90-degree deviation 404 can reduce the velocity of the sample gas to about 0 m / s to about 0.3 m / s. The sample gas can then flow along the straight horizontal path 406. The velocity of the sample gas can increase along the straight horizontal path 406. In some examples, the velocity of the sample gas along the straight horizontal path 406 can be about 0.3 m / s to about 0.4 m / s, about 0.4 m / s to about 0.5 m / s, about 0.5 m / s to about 0.6 m / s, about 0.6 m / s to about 0.7 m / s, about 0.7 m / s to about 0.8 m / s, about 0.8 m / s to about 0.9 m / s, about 0.9 m / s to about 1 m / s, about 1 m / s to about 1.1 m / s, about 1.1 m / s to about 1.2 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between.

[0070] The sample gas can then enter a vertical deviation 408 of 90 degrees. As illustrated in Figures 4A-4C, the 408 90-degree vertical deflection can be operated to decrease the sample gas velocity. For example, the sample gas velocity exiting the 408 90-degree vertical deflection can be about 0 m / s, about 0.1 m / s, about 0.1 m / s, about 0.2 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between. After the 90-degree vertical deviation 408, the sample gas can flow along a short, straight vertical path 410. The short, straight vertical path 410 can be short enough so that the sample gas does not gain significant speed along the short, straight vertical path 410. In this way, homogeneous mixing of the sample gas can be guaranteed when tested in the first sensor chamber 600. In some examples, the short, straight vertical path 410 can have a length that is about one, two, three, Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 38 / 81 34 / 48 four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more times shorter than the length of the other straight paths in flow passage 144 (e.g., straight vertical path 402 and / or straight horizontal path 406).

[0071] The sample gas can then flow from the short, straight vertical path 410 to another 90-degree bypass 412. The 90-degree bypass 412 can be a horizontal bypass (i.e., it receives the sample gas traveling in a vertical direction and redirects the sample gas to travel in a horizontal direction). The 90-degree bypass 412 can be operated to supply the sample gas to the first sensor chamber 600, so that the sample gas can be detected and / or tested by sensors 118, 122. The 90-degree bypass 412 can further decrease the velocity of the sample gas. For example, the sample gas exiting the 90-degree bypass 412 may be at about 0 m / s to about 0.05 m / s, about 0.05 m / s to about 0.1 m / s, about 0.1 m / s to about 0.15 m / s, about 0.15 m / s to about 0.2 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between.

[0072] The sample gas can then flow through the first chamber of sensor 600 and be detected and / or tested by one or more sensors 118, 122 in the first chamber of sensor 600. The sample gas can flow through the first chamber of sensor 600 along the straight horizontal path 414. The velocity of the sample gas can remain low along the straight horizontal path so that the sample gas diffuses through one or more sensors 118, 122. For example, the velocity of the sample gas along the straight horizontal path 414 can be about 0 m / s to about 0.05 m / s, about 0.05 m / s to about 0.1 m / s, about 0.1 m / s to about 0.15 m / s, about 0.15 m / s to about 0.2 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities between them. After being detected and / or tested by sensors 118, 122 in the first chamber of sensor 600, the sample gas can exit the first chamber of sensor 600 at a 90-degree deviation 416. the 90-degree deviation 416 Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 39 / 81 35 / 48 can be a vertical deviation, as illustrated, for example, in Figure 4C. The sample gas can increase its velocity after exiting the 90-degree deviation 416 and traveling a vertical path. For example, the velocity of the sample gas can increase from about 0.3 m / s to about 0.4 m / s, from about 0.4 m / s to about 0.5 m / s, from about 0.5 m / s to about 0.6 m / s, from about 0.6 m / s to about 0.7 m / s, from about 0.7 m / s to about 0.8 m / s, from about 0.8 m / s to about 0.9 m / s, from about 0.9 m / s to about 1.0 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between. In some examples, the sample gas may then pass through the 90-degree deviation 418. The 90-degree deviation 418 may be a 90-degree deviation or a deviation with an angle less than 90 degrees. In some examples, the velocity of the sample gas increases even further at the 90-degree deviation 418.The 90-degree bend 418 can change the direction of the sample gas flow from a vertical flow path to a horizontal flow path along the straight horizontal path 420. In some examples, the velocity of the sample gas exiting the 90-degree bend 418 can be about 0.4 m / s to about 0.5 m / s, about 0.5 m / s to about 0.6 m / s, about 0.6 m / s to about 0.7 m / s, about 0.7 m / s to about 0.8 m / s, about 0.8 m / s to about 0.9 m / s, about 0.9 m / s to about 1.0 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between.

[0073] The sample gas can then flow along the straight horizontal path 420. In some examples, the sample gas may have a velocity of about 0.4 m / s, about 0.5 m / s, about 0.5 m / s, about 0.6 m / s, about 0.6 m / s, about 0.7 m / s, about 0.7 m / s, about 0.8 m / s, about 0.8 m / s, about 0.9 m / s, about 0.9 m / s, about 1.0 m / s, about 1.1 m / s, about 1.1 m / s, about 1.2 m / s, about 1.2 m / s, about 1.3 m / s, about 1.3 m / s, about 1.4 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between. In some examples, increasing the Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 40 / 81 36 / 48 sample gas velocity along flow passage 144 between 90-degree deviation 416 and 90-degree deviation 422 further promotes turbulent flow and mixing of the sample gas.

[0074] The sample gas can then flow into the 90-degree bypass 422. In the 90-degree bypass 422, the sample gas can be directed to flow in a vertical direction. The 90-degree bypass 422 can decrease the velocity of the sample gas. For example, the velocity of the sample gas exiting the 90-degree bypass 422 can be about 0 m / s to about 0.05 m / s, about 0.05 m / s to about 0.1 m / s, about 0.1 m / s to about 0.15 m / s, about 0.15 m / s to about 0.2 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between. The sample gas can then flow through a short vertical path 423. The length of the short vertical path 423 can be shorter than the length of other straight flow paths in the flow passage 144.For example, the short vertical path 423 may have a length approximately one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more times shorter than the length of the other straight paths (e.g., straight vertical path 402, straight horizontal path 406, and straight horizontal path 420). The short vertical path 423 may be short enough that the sample gas velocity does not increase significantly. In this way, the homogeneously mixed sample gas is supplied to the second sensor chamber 602.

[0075] The sample gas can then enter a 90-degree bend 424. The 90-degree bend can redirect the gas flow from a vertical flow direction along the short vertical path 423 to a horizontal direction along the straight horizontal path 426. The sample gas exiting the 90-degree bend 424 enters the second sensor chamber 602. For example, the 90-degree bend 424 is the entrance to the second sensor chamber 602. The gas can be detected and / or tested in the second sensor chamber 602 by one or more sensors. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 41 / 81 37 / 48 118, 122. As illustrated in Figure 4C, the sample gas exiting the 90-degree bypass 424 may have a low velocity (for example, the 90-degree bypass 424 may decrease the velocity of the sample gas). For example, the sample gas exiting the 90-degree bypass 424 may have a velocity of about 0 m / s to about 0.05 m / s, about 0.05 m / s to about 0.1 m / s, about 0.1 m / s to about 0.15 m / s, about 0.15 m / s to about 0.2 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between. The gas can then flow through the second chamber of the sensor 602 along the straight horizontal path 426. The velocity of the sample gas along the straight horizontal path 426 can be from about 0 m / s to about 0.05 m / s, from about 0.05 m / s to about 0.1 m / s, from about 0.1 m / s to about 0.15 m / s, from about 0.15 m / s to about 0.2 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between.In some examples, the sample gas flowing along the straight horizontal path 426 maintains a low velocity, so that the sample gas diffuses along one or more sensors 118, 122.

[0076] The sample gas can exit from the second chamber of the sensor. 602 at the 90-degree turn 428. The 90-degree turn 428 can redirect the sample gas from a horizontal flow direction along the straight horizontal path 426 to a vertical flow direction (e.g., along a short vertical path between the 90-degree turn 428 and the 90-degree turn 430). In some examples, the sample gas velocity may increase as the sample gas exits the 90-degree turn 428. For example, the sample gas velocity may increase when it exits the 90-degree turn 428 and enters a short vertical path between the 90-degree turn 428 and the 90-degree turn 430. In some examples, the sample gas velocity at the exit of the 90-degree turn 428 and in the short vertical path between the 90-degree turn 428 and the 90-degree turn 430 is approximately Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 42 / 81 38 / 48 of 0.3 m / s approximately 0.4 m / s, approximately 0.4 m / s approximately 0.5 m / s, approximately 0.5 m / s, approximately 0.6 m / s, approximately 0.6 m / s, approximately 0.7 m / s, approximately 0.7 m / s approximately 0.8 m / s, approximately 0.8 m / s approximately 0.9 m / s, approximately 0.9 m / s approximately 1.0 m / s or any speed or range of speeds in between.

[0077] Flow passage 144 can then change from a vertical flow path (for example, between the 90-degree deviation 428 and the 90-degree deviation 430) to a horizontal path. The 90-degree deviation 430 can change the direction of the sample gas flow from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction along the straight horizontal path 432. In some examples, the sample gas velocity may continue to increase along the straight horizontal path 432. In some examples, the sample gas velocity along the straight horizontal path 432 may be approximately 0.4 m / s, approximately 0.5 m / s, approximately 0.5 m / s, approximately 0.6 m / s, approximately 0.6 m / s, approximately 0.7 m / s, approximately 0.7 m / s, approximately 0.8 m / s, approximately 0.8 m / s, approximately 0.9 m / s, approximately 0.9 m / s, approximately 1 m / s, approximately 1 m / s, approximately 1.1 m / s, approximately 1.1 m / s, approximately 1.2 m / s, approximately 1.2 m / s, approximately 1.3 m / s, approximately 1.3 m / s, approximately 1.4 m / s, or any speed or range of speeds in between.In some examples, the speed is increased so that the sample gas moves through the sampling chamber 101 more rapidly, thus allowing additional samples of sample gas to enter the sampling chamber 101 and provide continuous monitoring of the properties (e.g., parameters) of the sample gas.

[0078] The sample gas can then be redirected along a straight vertical path 436 by means of a 90-degree deflection 434. The velocity of the sample gas can be reduced in a 90-degree deflection 434. In some examples, the velocity of the sample gas can be reduced so that the velocity of the sample gas exiting the Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 43 / 81 39 / 48 deviation 434 of 90 degrees is approximately 0 m / s to approximately 0.05 m / s, approximately 0.05 m / s to approximately 0.1 m / s, approximately 0.1 m / s to approximately 0.15 m / s, approximately 0.15 m / s to approximately 0.2 m / s, approximately 0.2 m / s to approximately 0.25 m / s, approximately 0.25 m / s to approximately 0.3 m / s, approximately 0.3 m / s to approximately 0.35 m / s, approximately 0.35 m / s to approximately 0.4 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities between them. The sample gas can then flow through the straight vertical path 436 to the deviation 438 of 90 degrees. In some examples, the 90-degree deflection 438 may be part of a T-path (for example, some of the sample gas may flow through outlet 103 and some of the sample gas may flow to a third sensor chamber 630). In some examples, the sample gas may flow to a third sensor chamber 630, where the sample gas is tested and / or detected by a sensor 118 before flowing through outlet 103. In some examples, the 90-degree deflection 438 may reduce the velocity of the sample gas.For example, the sample gas velocity in the 90-degree deviation 438 (or T-path) can be from about 0 m / s to about 0.05 m / s, from about 0.05 m / s to about 0.1 m / s, from about 0.1 m / s to about 0.15 m / s, from about 0.15 m / s to about 0.2 m / s, or any velocity or range of velocities in between. In some examples, sensor 118 in the third chamber of sensor 630 may be a humidity sensor and / or a temperature sensor.

[0079] Figure 5 shows a model of the gas flow through another exemplary gas sensor module. Figure 5 shows the paths of the gas particles and their velocities through the gas sensor module. As can be seen in Figure 5, the gas velocity is highest at the inlet and lowest within the sensor chambers. For example, the sample gas velocity might be about 0.4 m / s to about 1.6 m / s from inlet 119 to the first sensor chamber 600. The sample gas velocity might be about 0 m / s to about 0.3 m / s in the first sensor chamber 600. The gas velocity of Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 44 / 81 The sample velocity in the second chamber of sensor 602 can be approximately 0.3 m / s to approximately 1.1 m / s. The sample gas velocity between the second chamber of sensor 602 and the outlet 103 can be approximately 0.3 m / s to approximately 1.1 m / s.

[0080] It should be noted that the velocities described in this document with respect to Figures 4A-4C and 5 are only examples. Velocities may differ in different situations due to different gas mixtures, different pump speeds, different pressures, or other different parameters. However, the gas sensor module described in this document can offer significant benefits regardless of the type of gas mixture, pump speed, pressure, and other parameters due to the flow passage 144, which can be operated to provide turbulent flow and homogeneous mixing of the sample gas, thus allowing a homogeneous mixture of the sample gas to be accurately tested. In this way, the sample gas tested is substantially the same as the gas mixture administered to the patient, thus allowing the accurate determination of the properties of the gas mixture being administered to the patient.

[0081] Figures 6A-6B show the flow path 144 through an exemplary gas sensor module. The flow path 144 begins at inlet 119, followed by a first 90-degree deviation 604 along the vertical axis, followed by a second 90-degree deviation 606 along the horizontal axis, a third 90-degree deviation 608 along the horizontal axis, a fourth 90-degree deviation 610 along the vertical axis, a fifth 90-degree deviation 611 along the horizontal axis, a sixth 90-degree deviation 612 along the vertical axis, a seventh 90-degree deviation 614 along the horizontal axis, an eighth Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 45 / 81 41 / 48 deviation 616 of 90 degrees along the vertical axis, a ninth deviation 618 of 90 degrees along the horizontal axis, a tenth deviation 620 of 90 degrees along the vertical axis, an eleventh deviation 622 of 90 degrees along the horizontal axis, a twelfth deviation 624 of 90 degrees along the horizontal axis, a thirteenth deviation 626 of 90 degrees along the vertical axis, and a fourteenth deviation 628 of 90 degrees along the horizontal axis, followed by exit 103. In some examples, the 90-degree deviation 628 may be part of a T-path 632, as illustrated in Figure 6A. The path in T 632 can be operated to supply all or part of the sample gas to the third sensor chamber 630 described in this document, so that a sensor in the third sensor chamber can detect and / or test the sample gas before the sample gas exits the outlet 103.

[0082] As described in this document, a vertical deviation is defined as a deviation that changes the direction of flow to or from a vertical direction. For example, a vertical deviation means that flow passage 144 deviates upward or downward along the vertical axis or deviates from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction along the horizontal axis. A vertical deviation can change the flow path of flow passage 144 from a vertical flow path to a horizontal flow path and / or from a horizontal flow path to a vertical flow path. A vertical deviation can change the direction of flow by altering the horizontal plane of the flow direction (for example, a vertical deviation changes the horizontal plane in which the flow lies from the entrance of the vertical deviation to the exit of the vertical deviation). For example, both the 90-degree deviation 604 and the 90-degree deviation 606 are defined as vertical deviations, as described in this document.A 90-degree deviation (604) is a vertical deviation that changes the direction of flow passage (144) along the vertical axis. A 90-degree deviation (606) is a vertical deviation that changes the direction of... Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 46 / 81 42 / 48 flow passage 144 along the horizontal axis. A horizontal deviation is defined as a deviation that changes the direction of flow passage 144 within the same horizontal plane. A horizontal deviation, as defined in this document, only changes the direction of flow passage along the horizontal axis. For example, a horizontal deviation does not change the vertical direction or path of the flow in any way. For example, the 90-degree deviation 608 and the 90-degree deviation 624 are horizontal deviations, as defined in this document. It is important to note that deviations can be both horizontal and vertical (i.e., they can change the flow path in both the vertical and horizontal directions). For example, a deviation that is both horizontal and vertical can change the flow path in the vertical direction (e.g., along a vertical axis) and the flow path in the horizontal direction (e.g., along the horizontal axis).

[0083] In some examples, the sixth 90-degree deviation 611 and the seventh 90-degree deviation 612 are not deviations from a tubular flow passage, but rather caused by a roof or top cover of the first sensor chamber 600. In some examples, the ninth 90-degree deviation 618 and the tenth 90-degree deviation 620 are not deviations from a tubular flow passage, but rather caused by a roof or top cover of the second sensor chamber 602. For example, when the sample gas enters the first sensor chamber 600 and the second sensor chamber 602, the sample gas can move freely through the first sensor chamber 600 and the second sensor chamber 602 without being restricted by a tubular flow passage, thus allowing uniform diffusion through sensors 118, 122 in the first sensor chamber 600 and the second sensor chamber 602.The sample gas can be pushed through the first chamber of sensor 600 and the second chamber of sensor 602 by the pressure supplied to the sample gas in flow passage 144. For example, the bypass. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 47 / 81 43 / 48 of 90 degrees can form the input of the first chamber of sensor 600 and the 90-degree deviation 614 can form the output of the first chamber of sensor 600. The 90-degree deviation 616 can form the input of the second chamber of sensor 602 and the 90-degree deviation 622 can form the output of the second chamber of sensor 602. In some examples, an upper output portion of the path in T 632 can form the input and output of the third chamber of sensor 630.

[0084] In some examples, when the fifth deviation from 90 degrees 611, the sixth 90-degree deviation 612, the ninth 90-degree deviation 618, and the tenth 90-degree deviation 620 are not part of the tubular flow path, but are caused by a roof or cover of the first sensor chamber 600 and the second sensor chamber 602. The flow path of the flow passage can be as follows: the sample gas can enter the inlet 119 in the horizontal direction; the first 90-degree deviation 604 can direct the sample gas vertically downwards; the second 90-degree deviation 606 can direct the sample gas from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction; the third 90-degree deviation 608 can change the direction of the sample gas flow within the horizontal plane along the horizontal axis; the fourth 90-degree deviation 610 can direct the sample gas from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction and to the first sensor chamber 600.The seventh 90-degree deviation 614 can receive the sample gas from the sensor chamber in a vertical direction and direct the sample gas in a horizontal direction; the eighth 90-degree deviation 616 can receive the sample gas in a horizontal direction and direct the gas to the second sensor chamber 602 in a vertical direction; the eleventh 90-degree deviation 622 can receive the sample gas from the second sensor chamber in a vertical direction and direct the gas in a horizontal direction; the twelfth 90-degree deviation 624 can receive the sample gas in a horizontal direction and change the direction of the horizontal gas flow. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 48 / 81 44 / 48 sample, the thirteenth deviation 626 of 90 degrees can receive the sample gas in a horizontal direction and direct the sample gas in a vertical direction, the fourteenth deviation 628 of 90 degrees can receive the sample gas in a vertical direction and direct the sample gas in a horizontal direction to the outlet 103.

[0085] It is important to note that although 90-degree deviations in the flow passage 144 are described in this document, other types of deviations may be used to increase and / or decrease the velocity of the sample gas particles to provide a homogeneous mixture of sample gas to the sensor chambers 140. For example, the deviations may have angles of about 5 degrees to about 10 degrees, about 10 degrees to about 15 degrees, about 15 degrees to about 20 degrees, about 20 degrees to about 25 degrees, about 25 degrees to about 30 degrees, about 30 degrees to about 35 degrees, about 35 degrees to about 40 degrees, about 40 degrees to about 45 degrees, about 45 degrees to about 50 degrees, about 50 degrees to about 55 degrees, about 55 degrees to about 60 degrees, about 60 degrees to about 65 degrees, about 65 degrees to about 70 degrees, about 70 degrees to about 75 degrees, about 75 degrees to about 80 degrees, about 80 degrees to about 85 degrees,approximately 85 degrees to approximately 90 degrees, approximately 90 degrees to approximately 95 degrees, approximately 95 degrees to approximately 100 degrees, approximately 100 degrees to approximately 105 degrees, approximately 105 degrees to approximately 110 degrees, approximately 110 degrees to approximately 115 degrees, approximately 115 degrees to approximately 120 degrees, approximately 120 degrees to approximately 125 degrees, approximately 125 degrees to approximately 130 degrees or more. In some examples, the angle of the deviations in the flow passage 144 can be configured to increase and / or decrease the velocity of the sample gas, so that the sensors 118, 122 can detect and / or test a homogeneous gas mixture.

[0086] It is important to note that, although certain numbers of deviations Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, page 49 / 81 45 / 48 are shown in flow passage 144, different numbers of deviations can be used to increase and / or decrease the velocity of the sample gas, thus providing a homogeneous mixture of sample gas to the sensor chambers 140. In some examples, flow passage 144 may have more or fewer deviations than the number of deviations described in this document.

[0087] In some examples, flow passage 144 may have a diameter of approximately less than 0.5 inch. In some examples, flow passage 144 may have a diameter of about 0.01 inch to about 0.02 inch, about 0.02 inch to about 0.03 inch, about 0.03 inch to about 0.04 inch, about 0.04 inch to about 0.05 inch, about 0.05 inch to approximately 0.06 inch, approximately 0.06 inch to approximately 0.07 inch, approximately 0.07 inch to approximately 0.08 inch, approximately 0.08 inch to approximately 0.09 inch, approximately 0.09 inch to approximately 0.1 inch, approximately 0.1 inch to approximately 0.11 inch, approximately 0.11 inch to approximately 0.12 inch, approximately 0.12 inch to approximately 0.13 inch, approximately 0.13 inch to approximately 0.14 inch, approximately 0.14 inch to approximately 0.15 inch, approximately 0.15 inch to approximately 0.16 inch, approximately 0.16 inch to approximately 0.17 inch, approximately 0.17 inch to approximately 0.18 inch, approximately 0.18 inch to approximately 0.19 inch, approximately 0.19 inch to approximately 0.2 inch, approximately 0.2 inch to approximately 0.25 inch, approximately 0.25 inch to approximately 0.3 inch, approximately 0.3 inch to approximately 0.35 inch, approximately 0.35 inch to about 0.4 inch, about 0.4 inch to about 0.45 inch, about 0.45 inch to about 0.5 inch or more. In some examples, the flow passage 144 may have a constant diameter from the inlet 119 to the first sensor chamber 600.In some examples, flow passage 144 may have. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 50 / 81 46 / 48 a constant diameter from the first sensor chamber 600 to the second sensor chamber 602. In some examples, flow passage 144 may have a constant diameter from the second sensor chamber 602 to the third sensor chamber 630. In some examples, flow passage 144 may have a constant diameter from the third sensor chamber 630 to the outlet 103. In some examples, the diameter of flow passage 144 may vary along flow passage 144. For example, the diameter may increase or decrease along straight paths and / or at bends. In some examples, flow passage 144 may have an increasing diameter along parts of flow passage 144 where the sample gas velocity needs to be reduced. In some examples, flow passage may have a decreasing diameter along parts of flow passage 144 where the sample gas velocity needs to be increased.

[0088] In some examples, flow passage 144 may have a total length (e.g., length from inlet 119 to outlet 103, including the parts of flow passage 144 that pass through sensor chambers 140) of approximately less than 5 inches.In some examples, flow passage 144 may have a total length of approximately less than 0.5 inches, approximately 0.5 inches to approximately 0.6 inches, approximately 0.6 inches to approximately 0.7 inches, approximately 0.7 inches to approximately 0.8 inches, approximately 0.8 inches to approximately 0.9 inches, approximately 0.9 inches to approximately 1 inch, approximately 1 inch to approximately 1.1 inches, approximately 1.1 inches to approximately 1.2 inches, approximately 1.2 inches to approximately 1.3 inches, approximately 1.3 inches to approximately 1.4 inches, approximately 1.4 inches to approximately 1.5 inches, approximately 1.5 inches to approximately 1.6 inches, approximately 1.6 inches to approximately 1.7 inches, approximately 1.7 inches to approximately 1.8 inches, approximately 1.8 inches to approximately 1.9 inches. inch, about 1.9 inches to about 2.0 inches, about 2.0. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 51 / 81 47 / 48 inches to approximately 2.1 inches, approximately 2.1 inches to approximately 2.2 inches, approximately 2.2 inches to approximately 2.3 inches, approximately 2.3 inches to approximately 2.4 inches, approximately 2.4 inches to approximately 2.5 inches, approximately 2.5 inches to approximately 2.6 inches, approximately 2.6 inches to approximately 2.7 inches, approximately 2.7 inches to approximately 2.8 inches, approximately 2.8 inches to approximately 2.9 inches, approximately 2.9 inches to approximately 3.0 inches, approximately 3.0 inches to approximately 3.1 inches, approximately 3.1 inches to approximately 3.2 inches, approximately 3.2 inches to approximately 3.3 inches, approximately 3.3 inches to approximately 3.4 inches, approximately 3.4 inches to approximately 3.5 inches, approximately 3.5 inches to about 3.6 inches, about 3.6 inches to about 3.7 inches, about 3.7 inches to about 3.8 inches, about 3.8 inches to about 3.9 inches, about 3.9 inches to about 4.0 inches, about 4,0 inches to approximately 4.1 inches, approximately 4.1 inches, approximately 4.1 inches to approximately 4.2 inches, approximately 4.2 inches to approximately 4.3 inches, approximately 4.3 inches to approximately 4.4 inches, approximately 4.4 inches, approximately 4.5 inches to approximately 4.6 inches, approximately 4.6 inches to approximately 4.7 inches, approximately 4.7 inches to approximately 4.8 inches, approximately 4.8 inches to approximately 4.9 inches, approximately 4.9 inches to approximately 5.0 inches or more.

[0089] The descriptions shown and described above are merely examples. Although numerous features and advantages of the present technology have been presented in the preceding description, along with details of the structure and function of the present invention, the invention is only illustrative, and changes may be made to the details, especially regarding the shape, size, and arrangement of the parts within the principles of the present invention, to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms used in the Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 52 / 81 48 / 48 attached claims. It will therefore be understood that the examples described above can be modified within the scope of the attached claims. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 53 / 81

Claims

1 / 5 CLAIMS 1. Gas sensor module for a therapeutic gas delivery device, characterized in that it comprises: an operable sampling inlet for receiving a sample gas comprising a mixture of a respiratory gas and a therapeutic gas from a sampling line connected to an inspiratory line of the therapeutic gas delivery device; and a sampling chamber forming a flow passage fluidly connected to the sampling inlet and operable for receiving the sample gas;The sampling chamber includes a plurality of operable sensor chambers to be in communication with one or more corresponding operable sensors to measure at least one property of the sample gas, wherein the flow passage is operable to direct a flow of sample gas from the sampling inlet to the plurality of sensor chambers, between each of the plurality of sensor chambers and from the plurality of sensor chambers to an outlet, and wherein the flow passage comprises one or more bypasses before each of the plurality of sensor chambers, each bypass with an operable angle to promote mixing of the sample gas and promote diffusion of the sample gas in each of the corresponding sensors.

2. Gas sensor module, according to claim 1, characterized in that the sample gas mixture is such that the concentration of respiratory gas and therapeutic gas in the sample gas flowing over the plurality of sensor chambers is substantially the same as the concentration of respiratory gas and therapeutic gas in the inspiratory line. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 54 / 81 2 / 5 3. Gas sensor module, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow passage reduces or avoids rotating eddies and dead zones in the sample gas flow through the sample chamber.

4. Gas sensor module, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the passage of flow creates a low back pressure or resistance to flow through the sampling chamber.

5. Gas sensor module, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixture of the sample gas provides a turbulent delivery of the sample gas to a surface of each of the corresponding sensors.

6. Gas sensor module, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the volume of sample gas in the sampling chamber is less than the volume of sample gas that would be required in a sampling chamber without mixing.

7. Gas sensor module, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the angle of one or more deviations is approximately 90 degrees.

8. Gas sensor module, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one or more diverters are operable to change the direction of flow passage within the sampling chamber.

9. Gas sensor module, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sampling chamber comprises an internal housing with an upper part, a lower part, a vertical axis and a horizontal axis transverse to the vertical axis, wherein at least one or more deviations are along the vertical axis and / or the horizontal axis. Petition 870250083724, dated 17 / 09 / 2025, p. 55 / 81 3 / 5 10. Gas sensor module, according to claim 9, characterized in that one or more deviations are at approximately 90 degrees along the vertical axis and / or the horizontal axis of the sampling chamber.

11. Gas sensor module, according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of sensor chambers is located in the lower part of the sampling chamber and the sampling inlet is located in the upper part of the sampling chamber.

12. Gas sensor module, according to claim 11, characterized in that the plurality of sensor chambers includes a first sensor chamber comprising a first sensor at the bottom of the sampling chamber and wherein the flow passage includes about one to about four diversions, each with angles of about 90 degrees, between the sampling inlet at the top of the sampling chamber and an inlet of the first sensor chamber.

13. Gas sensor module, according to claim 12, characterized in that the flow passage between the sampling inlet and the first sensor chamber includes a first vertical deviation along the vertical axis, a second vertical deviation along the horizontal axis, a first horizontal deviation along the horizontal axis subsequent to the second vertical deviation, and a third vertical deviation along the vertical axis.

14. Gas sensor module, according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the first sensor chamber is a nitrogen dioxide sensor chamber and the first sensor is a nitrogen dioxide sensor.

15. Gas sensor module, according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the plurality of sensor chambers includes a second sensor chamber comprising a second sensor at the bottom of the sampling chamber, and wherein the flow passage includes about one to about four diversions, each with angles of about 90 degrees, between an outlet of the first sensor chamber and an inlet of the second sensor chamber.

16. Gas sensor module, according to claim 15, characterized in that the flow passage between the outlet of the first sensor chamber and the inlet of the second sensor chamber includes a fourth vertical deviation along the horizontal axis and a fifth vertical deviation along the vertical axis after the fourth vertical deviation.

17. Gas sensor module, according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the second sensor chamber is a nitric oxide sensor chamber and the second sensor is a nitric oxide sensor.

18. Gas sensor module, according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the plurality of sensor chambers includes a third sensor chamber comprising a third sensor at the top of the sampling chamber, and wherein the flow passage includes about one to about four diversions, each with angles of about 90 degrees, between an outlet of the second sensor chamber and an opening of the third sensor chamber.

19. Gas sensor module according to claim 18, characterized in that the flow passage between the outlet of the second sensor chamber and the opening of the third sensor chamber includes a sixth vertical deviation along the horizontal axis, a second horizontal deviation along the horizontal axis, and a seventh vertical deviation along the vertical axis after the second horizontal deviation. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 57 / 81 5 / 5 20. Gas sensor module, according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the third sensor chamber is a humidity and / or temperature sensor chamber and the third sensor is a humidity and / or temperature sensor.

21. Gas sensor module, according to claim 20, characterized in that the flow passage directs the sample gas directly to the opening of the humidity and / or temperature sensor chamber, so that the sample gas exits the humidity and / or temperature sensor chamber through the opening.

22. Gas sensor module, according to claim 21, characterized in that the flow passage directs the sample gas directly to the opening from a vertical portion along a vertical axis of the sampling chamber. Petition 870250083724, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 58 / 81

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