Request for measurement report of another wireless transmission / reception unit

Description

1 / 72 “REQUEST FOR MEASUREMENT REPORT FROM ANOTHER WIRELESS TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION UNIT” CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[001] This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application US No. 63 / 456,981, filed April 4, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND

[002] One or more downlink (DL), uplink (UL), and / or combined DL and UL positioning methods may be used. For example, the term DL positioning method may refer to any positioning method that uses DL features, such as positioning reference signal (PRS), for positioning. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive multiple transmit point(s) (TP(s)) reference signals and may measure the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) and / or the received reference signal power (RSRP). Examples of DL positioning methods include downlink departure angle positioning (DL-AoD) and / or downlink arrival time difference (DL-TDOA). The term UL positioning method may refer to any positioning method that uses uplink reference signals, such as probe reference signal (SRS), for positioning.A WTRU can transmit SRS to multiple receiving points (RPs), and the RPs can measure the relative time of arrival (RTOA) UL and / or RSRP. Examples of UL positioning methods include uplink time difference positioning (UL-TDOA) and / or uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA).

[003] The term “DL and UL positioning method” (e.g., or “DL and UL combined positioning method”) may refer to any positioning method that uses uplink and link reference signals. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 11 / 114 2 / 72 Downward for positioning. In one example, a WTRU can transmit SRS to multiple transmit-receive points (TRPs), and a gNB can measure the Rx-Tx time difference, which can be calculated based on the RS DL arrival time (e.g., PRS). The gNB can measure the RSRP for the received SRS. The WTRU can measure the Rx-Tx time difference for the transmitted PRS from multiple TRPs. The WTRU can measure the RSRP for the received PRS. The Rx-TX difference, and possibly the RSRP measured at the WTRU and gNB, can be used to calculate the round-trip time. As used in this document, the term “WTRU Rx-Tx time difference” can refer to the difference between the arrival time of the reference signal transmitted by the TRP and the transmission time of the reference signal transmitted from the WTRU. An example of a DL and UL positioning method is multi-RTT positioning. SUMMARY

[004] This document discloses systems, methods, and tools for enabling coordinated transmission and reception. A UL and DL prioritization window can be used. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) can receive a request from an LMF to receive the PRS and transmit the SRS at a specified time. The WTRU can send a prioritization window request to a gNB, which can cover the DL reception timing and UL transmission timing. The WTRU can receive a request to transmit the SRS at a specified time from the LMF. The WTRU can send a request to the gNB. The WTRU can receive configurations for more than one SRSp resource. The WTRU can receive an activation command, activating one of the SRSp resources. Based on a condition (e.g., the WTRU is near a PRU), the WTRU can determine whether to send a request to the network for a simultaneous PRS reception session (e.g., between the WTRU and the PRU).WTRU can receive a session index from the network. WTRU can perform measurements on the configured PRSs and can send them. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 12 / 114 3 / 72 a request for measurements (e.g., PRU) associated with the PRS resource index and session index. WTRU can receive network measurements.

[005] A WTRU can be configured with a WTRU-based placement method by the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). The WTRU can be configured with a distance limit. The WTRU can receive a signal (e.g., a broadcast message) from the network indicating the locations of one or more PRUs. The WTRU can send a request to the network for a simultaneous broadcast session, for example, if the distance between the broadcast location of PRUs and the determined location of the WTRU based on a placement method (e.g., DL-TDOA) is less than the pre-configured distance limit. The WTRU can be configured with a T value (e.g., T slots, T frames) by the network (e.g., via LPP message). The WTRU can receive a session index and / or a PRS configuration (e.g., one or more PRS resource indices) associated with the network session index.A WTRU can receive a request (e.g., from the network) to perform PRS measurement at the configured timing (e.g., T slots from the time the WTRU receives the request). The WTRU can receive the PRS (e.g., T slots from the time the WTRU receives the request) according to the PRS configuration and can perform a measurement on the received PRS. The WTRU can send a request to the network for measurements (e.g., performed by a PRU) associated with the PRS resource index and the session index. The WTRU can receive measurements associated with the session index from the network (e.g., via an LPP message). The WTRU can report (e.g., an indication of) the WTRU's location to the network. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[006] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system, in which one or more disclosed modalities can be implemented. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 13 / 114 4 / 72

[007] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), which can be used in the communication system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one embodiment.

[008] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary main network (CN), which can be used in the communications system illustrated in Figure 1A according to one embodiment.

[009] Figure 1D is a system diagram that illustrates an additional example of RAN and an additional example of CN that can be used within the communication system illustrated in Figure 1A according to a modality.

[010] Figure 2 illustrates an example of scheduled PRS reception from more than one TRP.

[011] Figure 3 illustrates an example of an indication for Rx and Tx timing.

[012] Figure 4 illustrates an example of scheduled PRS transmission.

[013] Figure 5 illustrates an example of scheduled reception of SRSp.

[014] Figure 6 illustrates examples of the parameters of a measurement gap or a PRS processing window.

[015] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a Tx prioritization window.

[016] Figure 8 illustrates an example of parameters for a Tx prioritization window.

[017] Figure 9 illustrates an example of PRS measurement triggering via DCI.

[018] Figure 10 shows an example of a network reception or transmission timing indication.

[019] Figure 11 illustrates an example of PRS reception and DCI trigger SRsp transmission. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 14 / 114 5 / 72

[020] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a Tx and Rx prioritization window.

[021] Figure 13 illustrates an example of transmission of more than one SRsp.

[022] Figure 14 shows an example of SRS transmission timing in relation to subframes or slots.

[023] Figure 15 illustrates an example of an activation MAC-CE and a deactivation MAC-CE.

[024] Figure 16 illustrates an example of a TxRx window that includes downlink, uplink and guard slots.

[025] Figure 17 illustrates an example of PDCCH reception during the TxRx window.

[026] Figure 18 illustrates an example of SRSp transmission cancellation.

[027] Figure 19 illustrates an example of simultaneous on-demand PRS reception for differential processing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[028] Figure 1A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary 100 communication system in which one or more disclosed modalities may be implemented. The 100 communication system may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasting, etc., to multiple wireless users. The 100 communication system may enable multiple wireless users to access this content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, 100 communication systems may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), single word DFT-spread zero-tail OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), single word OFDM (UW-OFDM), block-filtered OFDM Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 15 / 114 6 / 72 resources, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[029] As shown in Figure 1A, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104 / 113, an ON 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110 and other networks 112, although it should be considered that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”, may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop computer,A netbook-type computer, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, an access point or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wristwatch or other wearable device, a virtual reality headset (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and its applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and its applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of an industrial and / or automated processing chain), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and similar devices. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[030] Communication systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 16 / 114 7 / 72 plus communication networks, such as CN 106 / 115, Internet 110 and / or other 112 networks. As an example, base stations 114a, 114b can be a base transceiver station (BTS), a B Node, an eNode B, a home B Node, a home eNode B, a gNB, an NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router and the like. Although base stations 114a, 114b are shown each as a single element, it will be understood that base stations 114a, 114b can include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[031] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be called a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographic area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may also be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors.Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, that is, one for each sector of the cell. In another embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[032] Base stations 114a, 114b can communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d through an air interface 116, which Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 17 / 114 8 / 72 can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The 116 air interface can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[033] More specifically, as noted above, communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, base station 114a in RAN 104 / 113 and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[034] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology, such as evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 with the use of long-term evolution (LTE) and / or advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[035] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement a radio technology, such as NR radio access, which can establish the air interface 116 through the use of New Radio (NR).

[036] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio multiple access technology. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example, using principles of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 18 / 114 9 / 72 Dual connectivity (DC). Thus, the air interface used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[037] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM Edge (GERAN) and the like.

[038] Base station 114b in Figure 1A can be a wireless router, a home Node B, a home eNode B, or a connection point, for example, and can use any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a workplace, a residence, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a highway, and the like. In one embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.11, to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In another embodiment, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.15, to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another mode, base station 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d can use a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell.As shown in Figure 1A, base station 114b can have a direct connection to the 110 Internet. Therefore, base station 114b may not be necessary to access the 110 Internet via ON 106 / 115. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 19 / 114 10 / 72

[039] RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with ON 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, such as different processing capacity requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data processing capacity requirements, mobility requirements and the like. ON 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, location-based mobile services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication.Although not shown in Figure 1A, it should be considered that RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113, which may use NR radio technology, CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[040] CN 106 / 115 can also serve as a gateway for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide conventional telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. Networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks acquired and / or operated by other service providers. For example, networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 20 / 114 11 / 72 same RAT as RAN 104 / 113, or a different RAT.

[041] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in communication system 100 may include multimode capabilities (for example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communication with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, WTRU 102c shown in Figure 1A may be configured to communicate with base station 114a, which may employ a cellular network-based radio technology, and with base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[042] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a screen / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136 and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any subcombination of the preceding elements, as long as they remain consistent with an embodiment.

[043] Processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. Processor 118 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that allows the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. Processor 118 may be coupled to transceiver 120, which may be coupled to transmit / receive elements 122. Although Figure 1 B Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 21 / 114 While 12 / 72 represents processor 118 and transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be recognized that processor 118 and transceiver 120 can be integrated together in a single electronic package or chip.

[044] The transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit signals, or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive RF or light signals. It will be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[045] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is represented in Figure 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 can include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 can employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 can include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) to transmit and receive wireless signals through the air interface 116.

[046] Transceiver 120 can be configured to modulate the signals that will be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, WTRU 102 can have multimodal capabilities. Thus, transceiver 120 can include multiple transceivers to allow WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[047] The WTRU 102 processor 118 can be coupled to, and can receive user input data from the speaker / microphone 124, the numeric keypad 126 Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 22 / 114 13 / 72 and / or the screen / touchpad 128 (for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126, and / or the monitor / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 can access access information and store data in any suitable type of memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. Non-removable memory 130 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. Removable memory 132 may include a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, a memory card, a Secure Digital Memory Card (SD), and the like.In other configurations, processor 118 can access information and store data in memory that is not physically located in WTRU 102, such as in a server or a home computer (not shown).

[048] Processor 118 can receive power from power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in WTRU 102. Power supply 134 can be any device suitable for powering WTRU 102. For example, power supply 134 can include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[049] Processor 118 can also be coupled to GPS chipset 136, which can be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) relating to the current location of WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of information from GPS chipset 136, WTRU 102 can receive location information via air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the time at which Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 23 / 114 14 / 72 that signals are received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be recognized that WTRU 102 can capture location information through any suitable location determination method, and still remain compatible with a mode.

[050] The processor 118 may also be coupled with other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, hands-free headsets, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker and the like.Peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor and / or a humidity sensor.

[051] A WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which the transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a given UL subframe (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 and substantially reduce or eliminate self-interference through hardware (e.g., a shutter) or signal processing by means of a Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 24 / 114 15 / 72 processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for the UL (e.g., for transmission) or for the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[052] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106, according to one embodiment. As noted above, RAN 104 can employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 104 can also be in communication with CN 106.

[053] RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be understood that RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining compatible with a mode. Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. In a mode, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals and / or receive wireless signals from WTRU 102a.

[054] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, and similar tasks. As shown in Figure 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c can communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[055] The CN 106 shown in Figure 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a server gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network gateway (PDN) (or PGW) 166. Although each of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 25 / 114 16 / 72 of the aforementioned elements are shown as part of CN 106, it will be recognized that any of these elements may belong to, and / or be operated by, an entity other than the operator of the CN.

[056] MME 162 can be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in RAN 104 via an S1 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, MME 162 can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, for activating / deactivating the carrier, for selecting a specific server gateway during an initial connection of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and similar. MME 162 can provide a control plane function for switching between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[057] SGW 164 can be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. SGW 164 can generally route and forward user data packets to / from WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. SGW 164 can perform other functions such as anchoring user planes during handovers between eNodeBs, initiating radio fetching when DL data is available for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and similar.

[058] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, which can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[059] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as PSTN 108, to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional fixed communication devices. For example, CN 106 can include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., a server of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 26 / 114 17 / 72 IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) that serves as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. In addition, CN 106 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other 112 networks, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[060] Although the WTRU is described in Figures 1A to 1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that, in certain representative embodiments, this terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[061] In representative modalities, the other network 112 can be a WLAN.

[062] A WLAN in Basic Services Set (BSS) mode may have a connection point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access to, or an interface with, a distribution system (DS) or other type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs originating outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to the respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the originating STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may distribute the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic can be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a Direct Link System (DLS) configuration.In certain representative configurations, DLS may use either 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS mode (IBSS) may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all STAs) within or using IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to in this document as an “ad hoc” communication mode. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 27 / 114 18 / 72

[063] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP can transmit an announcement on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel can have a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz bandwidth) or a width dynamically defined through signaling. The primary channel can be the BSS's operating channel and can be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier-sensing multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example, in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., each STA), including the AP, can sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is picked up / detected and / or determined to be occupied by a particular STA, that specific STA can back off. An STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any time on a given BSS.

[064] High-capacity processing (HT) STAs can use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, by combining the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[065] Very high processing capacity (VHT) STAs can support channels of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz and / or 160 MHz width. The 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which can be called an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, can be passed through a segment analyzer that can split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed, for example, on each stream separately. Streams can be mapped to the two 80 MHz channels, and data can be transmitted via a broadcast STA. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 28 / 114 19 / 72 receiver of the receiving STA, the operation described above for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC).

[066] Sub-1 GHz operating modes are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The operating channel and carrier bandwidths are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah control compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports bandwidths of 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah can support Meter Type Control / Machine Type Communications, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain features, for example, limited features including support for (e.g., only support for) specific and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life exceeding a certain limit (e.g., to maintain a long battery life).

[067] WLAN systems, which can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may, for example, have a bandwidth equal to the highest common operational bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be defined and / or limited by an STA, among all STAs operating in a BSS, that supports the lowest bandwidth operating mode. In the 802.11ah example, the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support operating modes with channel bandwidths of 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or others. Carrier sensing settings Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 29 / 114 20 / 72 and / or network allocation vector (NAV) may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which only supports a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered occupied, although most frequency bands remain idle and may be available.

[068] In the United States, the available frequency bands that can be used by 802.11ah are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is from 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[069] Figure 1D is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to a modality. As noted above, RAN 113 can employ NR radio technology to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. RAN 113 can also be in communication with CN 115.

[070] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, although it will be recognized that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs, as long as it remains consistent with a modality. gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communication with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via air interface 116. In a modality, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 180b may use beamforming to transmit signals and / or receive signals from gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, can use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals and / or receive wireless signals from WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a can transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these carriers Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 30 / 114 21 / 72 components may be in the unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be in the licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multipoint (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[071] WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing can vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using scalable time intervals (e.g., containing a variable number of OFDM symbols and / or variable absolute time durations).

[072] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in a standalone and / or non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as a mobility docking point. In a standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c while also communicating / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 31 / 114 22 / 72 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in a substantially simultaneous manner. In the non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c can serve as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can provide additional coverage and / or processing capacity to support the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[073] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, network slicing support, dual connectivity, NR and E-UTRA interoperability, user plane data routing to the user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, control plane information routing to the access and mobility management (AMF) function 182a, 182b, and similar. As shown in Figure 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c can communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[074] The CN 115 shown in Figure 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the aforementioned elements is shown as part of the CN 115, it will be recognized that any of these elements may belong to, and / or be operated by, an entity other than the CN operator.

[075] AMF 182a, 182b can be connected to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in RAN 113 via an N2 interface and can serve as a control node. For example, AMF 182a, 182b can be responsible for authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, managing the log area, terminating NAS signaling, managing mobility, and similar functions. Network slicing Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 32 / 114 23 / 72 can be used by AMF 182a, 182b to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services used by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases such as services that rely on ultra-reliable low-latency access (URLLC), services that rely on mass mobile broadband access (eMBB), services for machine-type communication (MTC) access, and / or similar. AMF 162 can provide a control plane function to switch between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as Wi-Fi.

[076] SMF 183a, 183b can be connected to AMF 182a, 182b on CN 115 via an N11 interface. SMF 183a, 183b can also be connected to UPF 184a, 184b on CN 115 via an N4 interface. SMF 183a, 183b can select and control UPF 184a, 184b and configure traffic routing through UPF 184a, 184b. SMF 183a and 183b can perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy and QoS enforcement, providing downlink data notifications, and similar functions. A PDU session type can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and similar.

[077] UPF 184a, 184b can be connected to one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communication between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF 184 and 184b can perform other functions such as packet routing and forwarding, user plane policy enforcement, support for multi-base PDU sessions, user plane QoS handling, temporary storage of downlink packets, provision of mobility tethering, and the like. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 33 / 114 24 / 72

[078] CN 115 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 115 can include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem server (IMS)) that serves as an interface between CN 115 and PSTN 108. In addition, CN 115 can provide WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other 112 networks, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b via UPF 184a, 184b through interface N3 to UPF 184a, 184b and an interface N6 between UPF 184a, 184b and DN 185a, 185b.

[079] In the views of Figures 1A to 1D and the corresponding description of Figures 1A to 1D, one or more, or all, of the functions described in this document in relation to one or more of the following: WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNode B 160ac, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183ab, DN 185a-b and / or any other devices described in this document may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). Emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described in this document. For example, emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[080] Emulation devices can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices can perform one or more, or all, of the functions while being fully or partially implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more emulation devices can perform one or more, or all, of the functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 34 / 114 25 / 72 a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform tests using wireless communications over the air.

[081] One or more emulation devices may perform one or more, including all, of the functions while not implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, emulation devices may be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or in an undeployed wired and / or wireless communication network (e.g., test), to implement the testing of one or more components. One or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuits (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[082] In a new radio (NR) structure, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may not be able to request the transmission of SRSp or the reception of PRS and a specified timing. Furthermore, in many cases, SRSp may be associated with lower prioritization compared to other uplink control (UL) signals.

[083] Scheduled measurements or transmissions may occur simultaneously, so that measurements taken by different WTRUs can be collected on the network and processed (e.g., differential processing). Any delays in measurements or transmissions between WTRUs may result in inconsistencies in the processed measurements. However, due to PRS / SRSp prioritization, the WTRU may not be able to take measurements or transmit the SRSp at the requested timing(s). The WTRU may not obtain configurations in time for scheduled placement. Therefore, enabling scheduled placement to occur safely at the scheduled timing(s) can be provided herein. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 35 / 114 26 / 72 document.

[084] The general behavior of WTRU can be described in this document. WTRU can send a request to the network for a configuration (e.g., PRS configurations, SRSp configurations) in a PUSCH, PUCCH, UCI, MAC-CE, RRC, or LPP message. The WTRU request can include configurations for a measurement gap, a PRS processing window, and / or a window for SRS transmission for positioning (SRSp).

[085] WTRU can send an acknowledgment message in PUSCH or PUCCH for the grant received from the network.

[086] A time window (for example, as described in this document) can be configured by the network. The WTRU can receive more than one configuration (for example, duration) of the time window, and the WTRU can determine which time window is activated based on the activation command, received from the network, associated with the window.

[087] More than one condition / criterion can be used in a combination. The WTRU can be configured with more than one condition and associated WTRU behavior, and the WTRU can determine which behavior the WTRU should use based on the applicable condition(s).

[088] The WTRU can measure DL-PRS inside or outside an active BWP. The WTRU can transmit SRsp inside or outside an active BWP.

[089] The WTRU can be preconfigured with one or more parameters (e.g., measurement gaps, PRS processing windows, PRS settings, SRSp settings) via a semistatic message (e.g., LPP, RRC).

[090] Any actions that the WTRU determines to perform can be configured by the network. For example, the WTRU can be configured with a rule according to the rule, the WTRU can determine to perform an associated action. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 36 / 114 27 / 72

[091] In addition to the measurements made in the PRS, the WTRU may include one or more of the following cell-related measurements: SSB RSRP of the server cell with its respective cell ID; SSB RSRP of neighboring cell(s) with their respective cell IDs; CSI-RS RSRP with CSI-RS resource ID; and / or DM-RS RSRP.

[092] As used in this document, the term “network” may include an AMF, an LMF, a gNB, an NG-RAN, and / or any other network entity or combination thereof.

[093] The following pairs / groups of terms may be used interchangeably in this document: “pre-configuration” and “configuration”; “non-server gNB” and “neighbor gNB”; “gNB” and “TRP”; “PRS,” “SRS,” “SRS for positioning” and / or “SRS for positioning purpose”; “PRS” and “PRS feature”; “PRS(s)” and “PRS feature(s)”; “PRS,” “DL-PRS” and / or “DL PRS”; and / or “measurement gap” and “measurement gap standard.”

[094] The PRS(s) and / or PRS feature(s) mentioned above may belong to different sets of PRS features. The terms “measurement gap” and / or “measurement gap pattern” may include parameters such as measurement gap duration, measurement gap repetition period and / or measurement gap periodicity.

[095] A positioning reference unit (PRU) may be a WTRU or TRP whose location (e.g., altitude, latitude, geographic coordinate, or local coordinate) is known to the network (e.g., gNB, LMF). The capabilities of the PRU may be the same as those of a WTRU or TRP (e.g., capable of receiving PRS or transmitting SRS or SRS for positioning, returning measurements and / or transmitting PRS). The WTRU(s) acting as PRUs may be used by the network for calibration purposes (e.g., correcting unknown timing offset, correcting unknown angle offset).

[096] An LMF can be a non-limiting example of a node or entity (e.g., network node or entity) that can be used for or to support Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 37 / 114 28 / 72 positioning. Any other node or entity can be replaced by the LMF and still be consistent with the implementations described in this document.

[097] WTRU can receive pre-configured network limit(s) (e.g., LMF, gNB).

[098] The line-of-sight (LOS) indicator can be a hard (e.g., 1 or 0) or soft (e.g., 0, 0.1, 0.2..., 1) indicator, and can indicate the probability of the existence of a LOS path between a TRP and the WTRU or along the PRS. The LOS flag can be associated with a TRP or a PRS feature ID (e.g., index). The WTRU can receive the LOS flag from the network by TRP or feature ID. Alternatively, the WTRU can determine the LOS flag by TRP or feature ID based on measurements.

[099] The location of WTRU can be expressed in terms of altitude, latitude, geographic coordinate and / or local coordinate, for example.

[0100] One or more configurations may be disclosed in this document for RS positioning. For example, one or more configurations may be used for PRS.

[0101] A PRS configuration may contain one or more of the following parameters: number of symbols, transmission power, number of PRS features included in the PRS feature set, silencing pattern for PRS (e.g., which may be expressed by means of a bitmap), periodicity, PRS type (e.g., periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic), slot offset for periodic PRS transmission, vertical offset of PRS pattern in the frequency domain, time interval during repetition and repetition factor, RE (feature element) offset, comb pattern, comb size, spatial relationship, QCL information (e.g., QCL destination, QCL source) for PRS, number of PRUs and number of TRPs, Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN), subcarrier spacing, expected RSTD, Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 38 / 114 29 / 72 uncertainty in expected RSTD, initial Physical Resource Block (PRB), bandwidth, BWP ID, number of frequency layers, start / end time for PRS transmission, PRS enable / disable indicator, TRP ID, PRS ID, cell ID, global cell ID, PRU ID and / or applicable time window. A WTRU can apply a PRS configuration if the current time is within the applicable time window. The term ID can be used interchangeably with the term index or identifier in this document.

[0102] One or more SRS configurations may be used for positioning. An SRS for positioning (SRSp) or an SRS configuration may include one or more of the following: Feature ID; comb offset values; cyclic offset values; starting position in the frequency domain; number of SRSp symbols; frequency domain offset for SRSp; frequency hopping pattern; SRSp type (e.g., aperiodic, semi-persistent, or periodic); sequence ID used to generate SRSp, or other IDs used to generate the SRSp sequence; spatial relationship information, indicating to which reference signal (e.g., DL RS, UL RS, CSI-RS, SRS, DM-RS) or SSB (e.g., SSB ID, SSB cell ID) the SRSp is spatially related, where the SRSp and DL RS may be spatially aligned; QCL information (e.g., a QCL relationship between the SRSp and other reference signals or SSB); QCL type (e.g. QCL type A, type B, type D);Resource set ID; list of SRsp resources in the resource set; information related to transmission power; path loss reference information that may contain an index for SSB, CSI-RS, or PRS; SRsp transmission periodicity; and / or spatial information, such as spatial direction information for SRsp transmission (e.g., beamline information, transmission angles), spatial direction information for RS DL reception (e.g., beamline ID used to receive RS DL, angle of arrival). The term “ID” may be used interchangeably with the term index; Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 39 / 114 30 / 72 or identifier in this document.

[0103] One or more measurements can be made. A reference signal time difference (RSTD) can be defined by the arrival time difference between PRSs transmitted from a reference TRP and a destination TRP. The WTRU can be configured with the reference TRP index and the destination TRP index. The WTRU can be configured with PRS feature indices to make measurements. The WTRU can determine the TRP arrival time based on one or more PRS features associated with the TRP. In another example, the RSTD can be defined as the arrival time difference between the reference PRS transmitted from a TRP and the destination PRS transmitted from a TRP.

[0104] The term “WTRU Rx-Tx time difference” may refer to the difference between the arrival time of the reference signal transmitted by the TRP and the transmission time of the reference signal transmitted from the WTRU. The WTRU Rx-Tx time difference may be associated with a PRS resource ID and / or an SRSp resource ID.

[0105] An indication for scheduled transmission or reception may be used. Figure 2 illustrates an example of scheduled PRS reception from more than one TRP. As shown in Figure 2, the network may indicate the PRS reception timing transmitted from TRP2 and TRP3 as Td1 and Td2, respectively, relative to the PRS reception timing transmitted from TRP1. The PRS reception time transmitted from TRP1 may be indicated as Tp (e.g., the PRS reception time relative to the time the WTRU receives the request from the network). The WTRU may receive a request from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) to transmit SRSp or receive PRS at a scheduled time. The transmission or reception timing may be expressed in terms of absolute time or relative time with respect to a reference point / time. The WTRU may receive the request in RRC / LPP, MAC-CE or Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 40 / 114 31 / 72 DCI. The WTRU may receive a request to transmit SRSp or receive PRS, wherein the indication may include one or more of the following: transmission and / or reception timing(s) from the WTRU's perspective (e.g., absolute time, relative time (e.g., expressed in terms of slots, symbols, frames) relative to a reference point); transmission and / or reception timing(s) from the network's perspective; PRS or SRSp settings associated with reception or transmission, respectively; request validity condition(s); and / or flexibility in transmission / reception timing.

[0106] The WTRU may receive a request to transmit SRSp or receive PRS, wherein the indication may include transmission and / or reception timing(s) from the WTRU's perspective (e.g., absolute time, relative time (e.g., expressed in terms of slots, symbols, frames) relative to a reference point. For example, the WTRU may be requested to receive PRS at a specific time (e.g., 3 PM UTC). The WTRU may receive a request to receive PRS at a relative time (e.g., 10 seconds from a reference timing, N slots from a reference timing, where N is the pre-configured parameter, etc.). The WTRU may be requested to transmit SRSp at a relative time (e.g., N slots from the time the WTRU transmitted ACK to the network after the WTRU obtained the UL grant for SRSp transmission).The WTRU can be specified with a reference transmission timing and relative timing(s) where the SRSp resource(s) or PRS resource(s) should be transmitted. The request can specify SRSp transmission timing(s) if the WTRU is configured with UL positioning method(s) (e.g., UL-AoA or ULTDOA). The request can specify PRS reception timing(s) if the WTRU is configured with DL positioning method(s) (e.g., DL-AoD or DLTDOA). The request can specify transmission and reception timing(s) and / or a difference between transmission and reception timing if the WTRU is... Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 41 / 114 32 / 72 configured with a DL and UL positioning method or RTT positioning method. An example is shown in Figure 3 which illustrates an example of an indication for Rx and Tx timing. As shown in Figure 3, the network can indicate Tp (e.g., the PRS reception timing relative to the time the WTRU receives the request from the network) and Td (e.g., the WTRU's SRSp transmission timing relative to the time the WTRU received PRS).

[0107] The WTRU may receive a request to transmit SRSp or receive PRS, where the indication may include transmission and / or reception timing(s) from the network's perspective. The transmission timing or reception timing of PRS or SRSp, respectively, may be indicated by the network. Figure 4 illustrates an example of scheduled PRS transmission. As shown in Figure 4, the network may indicate the PRS transmission timing relative to the network request transmission timing. The WTRU may determine the PRS reception timing based on the distance between the WTRU and the network (e.g., timing advance, GNSS location, round-trip time measurement). In another example, the network may indicate the SRSp reception timing. Figure 5 illustrates an example of scheduled SRSp reception.As shown in Figure 5, the WTRU can receive a request indicating a time difference between when the network sent the request to the WTRU and when the network receives the SRsp. The WTRU can determine the SRsp transmission timing based on the distance between the WTRU and the network (e.g., timing advance, GNSS location, round-trip time measurement).

[0108] The request may indicate, and / or the WTRU may determine, the reference point / timing when the transmission / reception timing is a relative time. Examples of the reference point may be the time when the WTRU receives the request from the network and / or the time when the WTRU sent the ACK to the network after the transmission / reception resources were granted by the network. In a Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 42 / 114 33 / 72 Another example, the reference timing could be when the WTRU sent the ACK to the network in response to the request, sent by the network, for scheduled transmission or reception.

[0109] The WTRU may receive a request to transmit SRSp or receive PRS, where the indication may include PRS or SRSp settings associated with reception or transmission, respectively. For example, the request may indicate the PRS resource ID(s), TRP ID, or SRSp resource ID, spatial information (e.g., spatial direction to which the WTRU should transmit the SRSp), or RX information (e.g., reception ID / panel ID that the WTRU should use to receive the PRS).

[0110] The WTRU may receive a request to transmit SRSp or receive PRS, where the indication may include request validity condition(s). Examples of validity conditions may be area validity and / or time validity. For example, the request may indicate cell ID(s) where the request is valid. The request may be valid until a pre-configured time (e.g., N slots) before the requested SRSp transmission timeout or PRS reception timeout.

[0111] The WTRU may receive a request to transmit SRSp or receive PRS, where the indication may include flexibility in the transmission / reception timing. The WTRU may determine, from the request, the flexibility in the transmission timing of SRSp or the reception timing of PRS. For example, the request may indicate a tolerable limit on the timing (e.g., plus or minus M slots / seconds of the indicated timing), indicating that the WTRU may transmit SRSp or receive PRS within the tolerable limit.

[0112] One or more priority levels and the associated behavior of WTRU may be described in this document. The priority level associated with PRS, SRSp, or the window may be indicated as, for example, “high”, “low”, or Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 43 / 114 34 / 72 “medium”. Alternatively, the priority level may be indicated numerically (e.g., 0, 0.1, ..., 0.9, 1, where 0 indicates a lower priority level and 1 indicates a higher priority level).

[0113] Based on the determined priority level, the WTRU may determine whether to prioritize the transmission of SRSp over UL channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH) or the reception of PRS over DL channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH). For example, if the PRS reception priority level is relatively low, then the WTRU may prioritize the reception of SSB or PDSCH or PDCCH.

[0114] If the SRSp priority level is relatively low, the WTRU may determine to transmit SR or PDCCH instead of SRSp. There may be priority levels associated with other UL or DL ​​channels, and the WTRU may compare the priority levels of PRS or SRSp with those of UL or DL ​​channels, and determine whether to prioritize receiving PRS or transmitting SRSp. For example, SR may be associated with a priority level of “high” or 0.8, while PUCCH may be associated with a priority level of 0.5. The SRSp priority level may be set to 0.9 via configuration, for example.

[0115] The WTRU may determine whether to prioritize PRS reception over DL channel reception when the time and / or frequency resources of PRS and other DL channels overlap. Similarly, the WTRU may determine whether to prioritize SRSp transmission over UL channel transmission (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, SR) when the time and / or frequency resources of SRSp and other UL channels overlap.

[0116] WTRU can determine the priority level of SRsp based on its transmission characteristic. For example, WTRU can determine that the highest priority level compared to other UL channels is associated with aperiodic SRsp. For semi-persistent or periodic SRsp, WTRU can determine to associate SRsp with the lowest priority level. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 44 / 114 35 / 72

[0117] Examples of absolute / relative timing may be disclosed in this document. A WTRU may be configured to transmit SRSp or receive PRS in absolute / relative time. Examples of absolute time may include one or more of the following: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); GNSS time; and / or network time (e.g., in terms of cell ID, system frame number, frame number, slot number, etc.).

[0118] Relative timing can be at least N system frames / frames / subframes / slots / symbols from a reference timing. Examples of reference timing can be one or more of the following: the time when the WTRU receives the request to transmit in absolute / relative time; the time when the WTRU receives the request to report WTRU measurements / location to the network; the time when the WTRU sends a response (e.g., yes / no) and / or an ACK to the network regarding the request / grant; and / or the time when the WTRU receives configurations (e.g., PRS / SRSp configurations) from the network.

[0119] Absolute time to relative time conversion can be performed. A WTRU can determine whether to convert absolute time to relative time and report the translated time to the network. For example, if the WTRU is configured to transmit SRsp at an absolute time (e.g., 3 PM UTC), the WTRU can convert the absolute time to relative time (e.g., slot offset relative to the reference timing). The WTRU can report the relative time and / or reference timing to the network.

[0120] WTRU can determine to convert relative time to absolute time and report the converted time to the network. WTRU can report the determined absolute time to the network.

[0121] A measurement gap and / or PRS prioritization window can be used. The WTRU can be configured to receive PRS during a window of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 45 / 114 36 / 72 PRS processing or measurement gap. The measurement gap or PRS processing window can be configured by the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). Figure 6 illustrates examples of the parameters of a measurement gap or a PRS processing window. Similar parameters (e.g., periodicity, window duration, window offset, offset) as in the measurement gap can be defined for a PRS processing window. During the measurement gap, indicated by “measurement gap duration” in Figure 6, the WTRU can receive an indication / configuration to take measurements in the PRS during the gap duration and process the measurements. One (e.g., each) measurement gap pattern or PRS processing window pattern can be characterized by a set of gap duration, gap periodicity, and / or offset. A priority level can be associated with a PRS prioritization window.WTRU can receive a message from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) indicating the priority level of the PRS prioritization window.

[0122] Periodic, semi-persistent, and / or aperiodic transmission can be performed. The WTRU can receive / transmit PRS or SRSp periodically (e.g., at a configured periodicity). The WTRU can be pre-configured with an offset (e.g., in subframes, slots, symbols) for periodic transmission. The WTRU can receive a semi-static message (e.g., LPP, RRC) from the network to enable periodic transmission via the semi-static message. The WTRU can receive a semi-static message from the network to disable periodic reception / transmission. The WTRU can receive an activation command via MAC-CE to enable semi-persistent PRS / SRSp reception / transmission. Semi-persistent transmission / reception can be defined by periodic transmission or reception during a time window that can be enabled or disabled (e.g., enabled via MAC-CE and disabled by a termination condition such as timer expiration).WTRU can be pre-configured with the timer duration or a. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 46 / 114 37 / 72 window duration expressed in terms of number of slots / frames, for example. The WTRU can be pre-configured with PRS or SRSp settings during semi-persistent reception / transmission. In another example, the WTRU can receive a DCI to reactivate PRS reception or aperiodic SRSp transmission. The DCI command can indicate an index that refers to at least one of the pre-configured PRS or SRSp settings.

[0123] A DCI or MAC-CE may include content. The DCI or MAC-CE message that WTRU receives from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) may contain one or more of the following: PRS / SRSp configuration(s) (e.g., PRS / SRSp feature index(es), PRS / SRSp feature set index(es), etc.); PRS reception timing and / or SRSp transmission timing; a difference between the PRS reception timing and the SRSp transmission timing; a PRS reception and / or SRSp transmission periodicity; a subsequent PRS reception and / or SRSp transmission offset (e.g., T1 and T2 in Figure 15); a PRS reception or SRSp transmission timing (e.g., relative timing or absolute time), where examples of relative timing may be N slots relative to a reference timing (e.g., SFN start no. K) or absolute time (e.g., 3 PM UTC); a priority level associated with PRS or SRSp (e.g., high, low, 0, 0.5, 1, etc.); and / or a timing advance (TA) command (e.g., how much timing offset the WTRU should apply to its transmission / reception timing).

[0124] The content can be transmitted in more than one DCI or MAC-CE message. For example, the WTRU can receive a MAC-CE containing the TA command separately from a MAC-CE containing the SRSp transmission timing.

[0125] The WTRU can receive a group broadcast or broadcast command, sent over the network, to transmit SRS or receive PRS at the specified timing. The WTRU can determine which resources should be used for transmission. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 47 / 114 38 / 72 SRSp or PRS reception based on a pre-configured SRSp or PRS feature. The WTRU may determine whether to apply the indication or settings in the group broadcast / broadcast message based on the WTRU ID or specific WTRU parameters (e.g., RNTI) included in the group broadcast / broadcast message.

[0126] One or more of the modes described in this document (e.g., Tx-Rx prioritization window and / or Tx prioritization window) may allow reliable PRS reception and / or SRsp transmission, ensuring conditions for calibration or differential processing of measurements.

[0127] Network-initiated simultaneous transmission or reception (NW) may be performed. In one or more modes, the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) may initiate PRS reception or SRsp transmission from the WTRU.

[0128] Simultaneous SRSp transmission initiated by the NW can be performed. Priority level determination for SRSp can be performed. A WTRU can receive configurations with SRS settings. The WTRU can receive a message (e.g., DCI, MAC-CE) from the network to activate a semi-persistent transmission or reactivate SRSp transmission. Based on the message, the WTRU can determine the SRSp transmission.

[0129] A WTRU can be configured with a transmission window during which the SRSp is associated with a priority level, and the WTRU can determine to prioritize the transmission of UL channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH) over SRSp. The window parameters (e.g., duration, start / end time) can be configured by the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) via a semistatic message (e.g., RRC, LPP).

[0130] The WTRU can be configured to determine the priority of SRsp and uplink channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH) if both transmissions are scheduled on the active BWP. The WTRU can be configured with a window (e.g., Tx prioritization window) during which the WTRU determines whether Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 48 / 114 39 / 72 should prioritize the transmission of SRsp or uplink channels. In one example, the WTRU might determine that the priority level is associated with the Tx prioritization window. Alternatively, the WTRU might determine that the priority level is associated with SRsp symbols.

[0131] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a Tx prioritization window. As shown in Figure 7, the WTRU can be configured to transmit SRSp in multiple slots (e.g., slots #1 to #4) (e.g., SRSp is transmitted on symbol #6 to #10 in each slot, where each slot contains 14 OFDM symbols). In the example shown in Figure 7, the WTRU can be configured to transmit one or more (e.g., 4) repetitions of SRSp. One (e.g., each) transmission of SRSp in the example can be called an occasion. For example, a first SRSp transmission occasion might occur in uplink slot #1, and a second SRSp transmission occasion might occur in uplink slot #2.

[0132] The WTRU can be configured to compare the priority of SRSp with other UL channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH) during the Tx prioritization window. If a higher priority level is associated with the UL channel compared to the window's priority level, the WTRU can determine to prioritize the UL channel transmission and cancel one or more (e.g., all) SRSp transmissions in the window if the UL channel's resources overlap with the Tx prioritization window's resources. For example, using the example illustrated in Figure 7, the WTRU can determine that PUCCH is scheduled to be transmitted on uplink #1. The timing / frequency resources of PUCCH cannot collide with the resources of SRSp.However, since PUCCH is scheduled to be transmitted during the Tx prioritization window, WTRU can determine the transmission of PUCCH and may cancel the transmission of SRSp transmissions (for example, SRSp transmissions scheduled in uplink slots #1 to #4). Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 49 / 114 40 / 72

[0133] If a UL channel has a higher priority than SRSp, the WTRU can be configured to prioritize the transmission of UL channels over SRSp (e.g., only) if the resources of UL channels overlap with those of SRSp. If the resources of UL channels do not overlap with those of SRSp, the WTRU can transmit the UL channel (e.g., even when the UL channel is scheduled in the Tx prioritization window). A priority level can be associated with the Tx prioritization window.

[0134] For example, as shown in Figure 7, the WTRU can be scheduled to transmit SRSp on symbols #6 and #10 in slot #1. If the WTRU is scheduled to transmit PUCCH on symbols #1 and #5, the WTRU can determine whether to transmit PUCCH and SRSp on their respective scheduled symbols.

[0135] In another example, with reference to Figure 7, the WTRU can be scheduled to transmit SRSp on symbols #6 and #10 in slot #1. If the WTRU is scheduled to transmit PUCCH on symbols #3 and #9, and the priority level associated with PUCCH is higher than that of SRSp, the WTRU can be configured to transmit PUCCH instead of SRSp. Thus, the WTRU can determine to cancel (e.g., discard, not transmit) the transmission of SRSp on symbols #6 and #10 and can transmit PUCCH on symbols #3 and #9.

[0136] The WTRU may determine that the UL resources or DL ​​resources that the WTRU has requested have a higher priority than the scheduled SRSp transmission or the Tx prioritization window. For example, the WTRU may determine to send an SR to the network. The WTRU may determine that the Tx prioritization window is invalid, or may determine the cancellation of the Tx prioritization window if the WTRU receives a UL grant (e.g., for PUSCH transmission) from the network, corresponding to the SR, that overlaps in the time and / or frequency domain with the Tx prioritization window. If the grant overlaps with one of the SRSp transmission occasions, the WTRU may be configured to prioritize the transmission to the Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 50 / 114 41 / 72 concession (e.g., prioritizing PUSCH transmission) over scheduled SRSp transmission. In this way, WTRU can determine the retention of the Tx prioritization window.

[0137] The Tx prioritization window can be activated / deactivated. The WTRU can receive a list of Tx prioritization windows with different patterns. A Tx prioritization pattern can be characterized by the parameters shown in Figure 6 (e.g., periodicity, window duration, and / or offset). For example, a pattern might have a periodicity of 30 ms, a window duration (e.g., corresponding to “Measurement gap duration” in Figure 6) of 5 ms, and an offset of 1 ms. In another example, a pattern might have a periodicity of 10 ms, a window duration (e.g., corresponding to “Measurement gap duration” in Figure 6) of 5 ms, and an offset of 2 ms. One (e.g., each) pattern can be associated with an index. The WTRU can receive an activation command (e.g., via DCI or MAC-CE) that activates the window. The activation command can include an index of the window pattern. The window can be disabled by a disable command sent from the network.WTRU can send a request to the network to enable or disable the window. The request can contain the index of the window that WTRU wants to enable or disable.

[0138] The WTRU can determine that the window is disabled after a timer expires. The timer can start when the WTRU receives the activation command from the network or when the WTRU sends an ACK to the configuration / activation command sent from the network.

[0139] One or more parameters of a Tx prioritization window may be disclosed in this document. Figure 8 illustrates an example of parameters for a Tx prioritization window. As shown in Figure 8, the window may be active from the beginning of a first uplink slot (e.g., uplink slot no. 1) to the end of a second uplink slot (e.g., uplink slot no. 2) Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 51 / 114 42 / 72 example, uplink slot #4). The window duration can be defined as the difference between the window's end time and start time. During the "active" duration, the WTRU can transmit SRSp. One of the parameters for the Tx prioritization window can be the periodicity of the "active" duration. The "active" duration can be determined based on the SRSp duration and / or the WTRU's capacity (e.g., the time the WTRU takes to prepare the SRSp transmission). For example, the "active" duration could correspond to the duration during which SRSp symbols are scheduled (e.g., symbol #3 to symbol #8 in a slot corresponding to SRSp symbols) or must be transmitted.

[0140] A priority level can be associated with the “active” duration or the window (for example, the same priority level is applied across the entire window).

[0141] During the Tx prioritization window, a WTRU can be expected to transmit SRsp during the window (e.g., the WTRU does not expect to receive grants for UL channel transmissions during the transmission window). The WTRU can transmit a scheduling request (SR) during the window.

[0142] A time limit for setting a Tx prioritization window may be disclosed in this document. The WTRU may receive an activation or request to activate the Tx prioritization window. The WTRU may determine to send a response (e.g., “yes” or “no”) to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) if the request to activate Tx prioritization is received at least a pre-configured time (e.g., N slots, N symbols, N subframes, N frames) before the requested activation time of the Tx prioritization window. If the WTRU receives the request before the pre-configured time, the WTRU may send a first response (e.g., “yes”) to the request (e.g., accepting the request) to the network. If the WTRU receives the request after the pre-configured time, the WTRU may send a second response (e.g., “no”) to the request to the network. The WTRU may determine the activation of the Tx prioritization window after a pre-configured time after the WTRU has Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 52 / 114 43 / 72 sent the first response (e.g., “yes”) to the request.

[0143] Prioritization can be determined based on window parameters. The WTRU can determine the priority level of the Tx window based on window parameters and one or more thresholds. The WTRU can be configured with thresholds and / or rules to determine window priority.

[0144] For example, the WTRU can determine that the priority level of the Tx window is high when the window duration is less than the pre-configured limit. In another example, the WTRU can determine that the priority level of the Tx window is low when the window duration is longer than the pre-configured limit. The WTRU can use the determined priority level to prioritize the transmission of UL (e.g., PUSCH) or SRSp channels.

[0145] In a simple semi-persistent SRS-related mode, a WTRU can be pre-configured with one or more SRS configurations. The WTRU can receive a TA command from the network (e.g., symbol level adjustment). The WTRU can receive an update configuration for SRS (e.g., spatial information). The WTRU can receive grant(s) for uplink transmission from the network. The WTRU can receive an activation command for semi-persistent SRS. The WTRU can determine the SRS priority (e.g., if the priority level for transmission is not configured by the network). For example, if the duration is below a threshold, the WTRU can prioritize transmission. If the duration is above the threshold, the WTRU can prioritize another SR or PUSCH / PUCCH transmission schedule.After one or more preconfigured SRS transmissions, the WTRU can receive a network offset command and can determine to apply the offset at time M, from the moment the WTRU received the command. The WTRU can transmit the SRS at the preconfigured periodicity. The WTRU can receive a disable command for semi-persistent SRS. The WTRU can determine to set the window based on the capacity of the... Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 53 / 114 44 / 72 WTRU (for example, if the WTRU is a positioning reference unit (PRU) or a normal WTRU).

[0146] Simultaneous PRS reception initiated by the NW can be performed. The network can initiate simultaneous PRS reception. The WTRU can receive a message from the network indicating the PRS resource index that the WTRU should receive. The WTRU can be pre-configured with more than one PRS resource / configuration, and one (e.g., each) resource / configuration can be associated with an index. The WTRU can also be pre-configured with a list of measurement gaps or PRS processing windows where one (e.g., each) measurement pattern gap is associated with an index.

[0147] The WTRU may receive a transmit / receive timing indication from gNB if the WTRU is configured to transmit SRSp to TRPs or receive PRS from TRPs on the gNB server.

[0148] The WTRU may choose to use the measurement gap when the WTRU is configured to receive PRS outside of the active BWP. The WTRU may choose to use the PRS configuration window when the WTRU is configured to receive PRS (e.g., only) in the active BWP.

[0149] The WTRU can receive a message from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) via DCI, MAC-CE, RRC, or LPP message indicating the PRS reception time (e.g., absolute or relative time), indicating the PRS feature / configuration index. The message may also contain an index for the measurement gap pattern or PRS processing windows that the WTRU should use to receive PRS.

[0150] The PRS configuration / feature index may be associated with the PRS measurement gap index or processing window. For example, WTRU may determine the PRS measurement gap index or processing window based on the PRS feature or configuration index that WTRU is Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 54 / 114 45 / 72 configured to receive.

[0151] In a mode related to receiving PRS via a network message, a WTRU can be pre-configured with PRS settings via a semi-static message (e.g., LPP), where one (e.g., each) PRS setting is associated with an index. The WTRU can be pre-configured with a list of measurement gaps via a semi-static message (e.g., RRC), where one gap (e.g., each) is associated with an index. The WTRU can receive a network message (e.g., gNB), via DCI / MAC-CE, indicating PRS reception with indicated time (e.g., relative time) and PRS index. The message can also contain the index of the measurement gap pattern that the WTRU should use. The WTRU can determine which measurement gap pattern to use based on the index included in the message. The WTRU can receive PRS at the indicated timing. WTRU can take measurements on the received PRS and report the measurement results to LMF.Figure 9 illustrates an example of a PRS measurement trigger using DCI.

[0152] DCI / MAC-CE-based activation / triggering of PRS reception and SRSp transmission can be performed. Figure 10 shows an example of a network reception or transmission timing indication. As shown in Figure 10, a WTRU can receive PRS and / or SRSp configurations from the network. The WTRU can receive a message (e.g., DCI) from the network indicating the PRS and SRSp reception and transmission times, respectively. The message can also include the PRS and SRSp resource index that the WTRU should use to receive or transmit PRS and SRSp, respectively.

[0153] Figure 11 illustrates an example of PRS reception and DCI trigger SRsp transmission. As shown in Figure 11, the WTRU can be configured with an RTT positioning method, where the WTRU can be expected to receive the PRS and transmit the SRsp. The WTRU can be configured with Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 55 / 114 46 / 72 PRS configurations and SRsp configurations via LMF and gNB, respectively. WTRU can receive a network measurement gap configuration.

[0154] The WTRU can receive DCI or MAC-CE indicating the timings (e.g., absolute or relative time) to receive PRS and transmit SRSp. The WTRU can send a response (e.g., yes, no) or acknowledgment (ACK) message to the network for network indication.

[0155] Figure 10 further illustrates an example of a transmission or reception timing indication from a network. As shown in Figure 10, the DCI can indicate the transmission time of SRSp (e.g., Ts) and the reception time of PRS (e.g., Tp) where the timing can be set relative to the reception timing of the network's DCI message. The DCI or MAC-CE can be contained in PDCCH or PDSCH.

[0156] The DCI or MAC-CE message may indicate a priority level associated with PRS and / or SRSp. Based on the associated priority level, the WTRU may determine whether to prioritize the reception of DL channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH) with a higher priority level over PRS and / or the transmission of UL channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH) over the transmission of SRSp. The priority level may be associated with the Tx-Rx window, and the WTRU may determine whether to prioritize the reception of PRS or the transmission of SRSp over DL or UL channels, respectively, based on the priority level of the window and the DL / UL channels.

[0157] A WTRU can determine Tp and / or Ts. Figure 12 illustrates an example of a Tx and Rx prioritization window. As shown in Figure 12, the WTRU can be pre-configured with PRS (Tp) receive timing and SRSp (Ts) transmission timing, where Tp can indicate the relative time with respect to a reference time, and Ts can indicate the relative transmission time with respect to the reference time, where the reference time can be the time at which the WTRU Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 56 / 114 47 / 72 received the request. The WTRU can be pre-configured with a list of PRS receive timings and SRSp transmit timings, where a timing (e.g., each) can be associated with an index. The request received from the network for scheduled transmission or reception may include the index of the pre-configured receive timing(s) or transmit timing(s). The WTRU can determine the transmit or receive timing based on the timings indicated in the request. The request may indicate the PRS receive timing and the differential timing between the PRS receive timing and the SRSp transmit timing (Td) such that Ts = Tp + Td.

[0158] A Tx and Rx prioritization window (e.g., “TxRx window”) can be used. The WTRU can receive a TxRx window configuration from the network, indicating the priority of receiving PRS and transmitting SRsp within the window. Details of the TxRx window can be described in this document.

[0159] The WTRU can be configured with a UL and DL placement method (e.g., RTT placement method), where the WTRU can be configured to receive PRS and transmit SRSp. The WTRU can receive the network request (e.g., LMF, gNB) to receive PRS and transmit SRSp at a specific timing.

[0160] The WTRU can receive PRS and SRsp configuration(s) from the network. Alternatively, the WTRU can be pre-configured with PRS and SRsp configuration(s), and the request can indicate an index for a configuration.

[0161] Based on the requested timings, the WTRU can determine the duration of the TxRx window. During the TxRx window, the WTRU can determine the transmission or reception priority based on the priority associated with the window. An example of Tx and Rx prioritization window is shown in Figure 12, where the TxRx window covers one (e.g., 1) downlink slot, guard slot, and slot. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 57 / 114 48 / 72 uplink. The guard slot can be used by WTRU to switch from DL to UL.

[0162] WTRU can report the Rx-Tx time of WTRU to the network after WTRU transmits SRSp.

[0163] Tx and / or Rx timings can be determined. The WTRU can be configured to determine the PRS reception timing(s) and / or SRSp transmission timing(s) based on one or more of the following methods.

[0164] A network message (e.g., DCI, MAC-CE, RRC) may indicate the Tx and / or Rx timings of a PRS or SRSp. The timings may be associated with the PRS or SRSp resource index.

[0165] If the WTRU is configured with an RTT-based positioning method, the WTRU can be pre-configured with timings or a pair of timings (e.g., a pair of Tp and Ts) via a semistatic message (e.g., LPP, RRC), wherein the timings or a pair of timings can be associated with an index. A network message (e.g., DCI, MAC-CE) can indicate the index. The WTRU can be configured with a reference timing T and a differential timing so that the WTRU can determine Tp=T and Ts=T+Td, where Tp and Ts can be the timings at which the WTRU receives PRS and transmits SRSp, respectively.

[0166] If the WTRU is configured with an RTT-based positioning method, the WTRU may receive one or more (e.g., two) separate messages (e.g., DCI, MAC-CE), where one (e.g., each) message may indicate the PRS receive timing or the SRSp transmit timing.

[0167] The WTRU can be pre-configured with timings (e.g., Tp or Ts shown in Figure 11) or a pair of timings (e.g., a pair of Tp and Ts shown in Figure 11) by means of a semistatic message (e.g., Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 58 / 114 49 / 72 example, LPP, RRC), where timings or timing pairs can be associated with an index (e.g., timing index). The WTRU can be pre-configured with an association rule between timing and configuration indices (e.g., PRS configuration, measurement pattern gap, PRS processing window). The WTRU can be pre-configured with the association rule (e.g., or table) via a semi-static message over the network (e.g., LMF, gNB). Based on the configuration, the WTRU can determine the associated timings. For example, if the WTRU is configured with PRS features requiring 2 symbols, 6 symbols, and 12 symbols, each feature can be associated with 1 slot, 2 slots, or 3 slots for Tp, respectively.

[0168] A Tp and Ts pair can be associated with a PRS configuration pair (e.g., PRS resource index) and an SRSp configuration pair (e.g., SRSp resource index). The association rule can be configured via a mapping table. Based on the index indicated for the timing pair (e.g., a Tp and Ts pair), WTRU can determine the associated PRS and SRSp configurations.

[0169] Timings can be defined as the reference timing and subsequent timings relative to the reference timing. For example, the WTRU can be configured to transmit more than one SRSp. The WTRU can be pre-configured with more than one SRSp feature, where one (e.g., each) feature can be associated with a different SRSp configuration (e.g., spatial ratio, spatial filter Tx). The WTRU can determine the transmission of pre-configured SRSps based on pre-configured timings. Examples of pre-configured Tx timings for one (e.g., each) SRSp are shown in Figure 13, where SRSp1 is transmitted after slots Ts after DCI reception. Figure 13 illustrates an example of transmitting more than one SRSp. The WTRU can determine the transmission of SRSp2 and SRSp3 in slots T1 and T2. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 59 / 114 50 / 72 after the SRspI transmission timing, respectively

[0170] The WTRU can be pre-configured with default timing. For example, the WTRU can determine that the WTRU can receive PRS N slots after the WTRU receives DCI / MAC-CE.

[0171] The WTRU can be configured to receive more than one message, where one (e.g., each) message can indicate different granularities (e.g., frame / subframe / slot / symbol level) of Rx or Tx timings. For example, the WTRU can be pre-configured by the network resource subframe(s) for PRS reception and / or SRSp transmission. The WTRU can be pre-configured, via a semi-static message (e.g., LPP, RRC), with subframe / frame indices for SRSp transmission. The WTRU can receive DCI or MAC-CE from the network, indicating a group of resources within one or more subframe indices on which the WTRU can transmit SRSp. The DCI or MAC-CE message can indicate a resource index(es) / SRSp configuration(s). An example of SRS transmission timing in relation to subframes or slots is shown in Figure 14.The WTRU may receive an indication from the network via a semistatic message that one or more uplink subframes (e.g., uplink subframe #1 and #3 shown in Figure 14) will contain SRS transmission timings. The WTRU may receive a DCI / MAC-CE message indicating that a slot (e.g., slot #2) in one (e.g., each) subframe is enabled for SRS transmission. The WTRU may receive an additional DCI / MAC-CE message indicating symbols to be used for SRSp transmission (e.g., symbol #5 and #9 in slot #2). It can be assumed that there are 14 OFDM symbols in a slot.

[0172] A priority association can be based on a pair of Tx and Rx timings. If the PRS receive and SRsp transmit timings are paired, the WTRU can determine that the same priority level Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 60 / 114 51 / 72 should be applied to PRS and SRSp. If PRS reception is cancelled due to prioritized reception of other DL channels (e.g., PDCCH), WTRU may determine the cancellation of SRSp transmission.

[0173] MAC-CE activation / deactivation can be performed. The WTRU can be configured to receive MAC-CEs from the network (e.g., gNB) to activate semi-persistent transmission of a PRS and SRSp pair. The MAC-CE can include an index for a pair of PRS and SRSp configuration indices. The WTRU can determine which configuration to use for PRS reception or SRSp reception based on the index. The WTRU can determine which pair of PRS and SRSp resources is activated based on the configuration pair index indicated in the MAC-CE command. Based on the activation command, the WTRU can determine to periodically receive PRS and periodically transmit SRS, following the same periodicity. The Rx-Tx time difference, determined by the difference between the PRS reception timing and the PRS transmission timing, can be pre-configured and indicated in the MAC-CE.The WTRU can determine the termination of periodic PRS reception and SRSp transmission based on the deactivation command received from the network (e.g., gNB, LMF). Figure 15 illustrates an example of an activation MAC-CE and a deactivation MAC-CE. As shown in Figure 15, the WTRU can receive an activation MAC-CE from the network. The activation command can also indicate Tp and / or Ts, which are the timings at which PRS and SRSp are received and transmitted, respectively. The command can also indicate T1 and / or T2, which are the timings of PRS reception and SRSp transmission relative to a reference point, which is the previous occasion of SRSp transmission. The WTRU can periodically receive PRS and / or transmit SRSp at the indicated timings, T1 and T2. The WTRU can receive the deactivation MAC-CE message from the network and can terminate PRS reception and SRSp transmission.

[0174] It is possible to switch between more than one feature of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 61 / 114 52 / 72 PRS / SRSp. If the WTRU is pre-configured with more than one PRS and / or SRSp resource, the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp on the configured resources. The DCI / MAC-CE / RRC / LPP message may indicate the PRS reception pattern or SRSp transmission pattern. For example, the WTRU may determine, based on the indicated or configured pattern, to transmit SRSp following the ascending order of index numbers (e.g., the WTRU transmits SRSp1, SRSp2, and / or SRSp3 in Figure 13).

[0175] The WTRU can receive configuration(s) for prioritized SRSp transmission and / or PRS reception. The WTRU can receive configuration(s) for SRSp transmission and / or PRS reception from the network (e.g., from LMF via LPP message, from gNB via RRC message). The WTRU can receive one or more priorities associated with SRSp transmission and / or PRS reception. In the configuration, the WTRU can be indicated with one or more resources for prioritized transmission / reception. These resources can be one or more of the following: a resource for SRSp transmission and / or PRS reception, a set of resources for SRSp transmission and / or PRS reception, a resource window for SRSp transmission and / or PRS reception, a periodic resource for SRSp transmission and / or PRS reception, and / or a periodic resource window for SRSp transmission and PRS reception, etc. WTRU can perform one or more of the following actions for the indicated prioritized transmit / receive resources.WTRU can increase the priority associated with indicated resources. For example, WTRU can increase the priority of indicated resources by an offset compared to other SRSp transmission and / or PRS reception resources in the configuration. The offset can be specified in the configuration. WTRU can increase the priority of indicated resources by a predefined level (for example, WTRU can increase the priority of indicated resources from low to medium, or from medium to high). WTRU can set the resource priority. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 62 / 114 53 / 72 indicated as being higher and / or lower than a given physical channel. For example, WTRU can set the priority of the indicated SRSp transmit resource to be higher than any other PUSCH. For example, WTRU can set the priority of the indicated PRS receive resource to be higher than any PDSCH. For example, WTRU can set the priority of the indicated PRS receive resource to be higher than any PDCCH. For example, WTRU can set the PRS receive resource to be lower than SSB (for example, only) and higher than any other DL channel except SSB.

[0176] A WTRU can measure and / or report on prioritized PRS. A WTRU can perform measurement reporting for prioritized PRS. A WTRU can measure one or more PRS measurement parameters (e.g., RSTD, RSRP, AoA, AoD) within prioritized PRS. A WTRU can not filter the measurement of prioritized and non-prioritized PRS receiving resources; a WTRU can perform measurement and reporting of one (e.g., each) prioritized PRS receiving resource or one (e.g., each) pair of PRS receiving resources (e.g., for RSTD measurement). A WTRU can perform measurements and reporting of a set of prioritized PRS receiving resources. Specifically, a WTRU can filter the measurement of multiple prioritized PRS receiving resources and report the filtered value to the network. These approaches may be motivated to help the network differentiate the measurement(s) of prioritized resources.

[0177] The WTRU can prioritize reporting of prioritized PRS reception measurements. For example, the WTRU can prioritize reporting of prioritized PRS measurements. Specifically, the WTRU may have multiple measurement resources to report on. The WTRU can then prioritize reporting of prioritized PRS reception resources compared to non-prioritized PRS reception resources. The WTRU can prioritize multiplexing the measurement associated with the prioritized reception resource first in a measurement report message to Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 63 / 114 54 / 72 transmission to the network.

[0178] Scheduled reception of PRS and transmission of SRSp can be carried out.

[0179] A prioritization window can be used for Rx and Tx. For a round-trip time (RTT) positioning method, scheduled PRS reception and WTRU SRSp transmission can occur at a preconfigured interval and can occur during the dedicated window. Prioritization can be applied to the window.

[0180] The TxRx window can be obtained. An example of the TxRx window, during which PRS and SRSp can be prioritized according to the configured priority level, is illustrated in Figure 12. The WTRU can be configured with parameters for the TxRx window via the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) or via a semistatic message (e.g., RRC, LPP). The parameters for the TxRx window can include one or more of the following parameters: a start and / or end time for the window expressed in terms of absolute time (e.g., UTC), relative time, SFN, number of subframes, number of frames, number of subframes, number of slots, number of symbols, etc.; and / or a window duration, expressed in terms of the number of symbols (e.g., including uplink, downlink, gap, special symbols), slots (e.g., including uplink, downlink, gap, special slots), subframes (e.g., including uplink, downlink, gap, special subframes), frames (e.g., including uplink, downlink, gap, special frames), etc.

[0181] WTRU can send a TxRx window configuration request via UCI, UL-MAC-CE, RRC, or LPP message. The request can indicate one or more of the following: a start and / or end time for the window expressed in terms of absolute time (e.g., UTC), relative time, SFN, number of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 64 / 114 55 / 72 subframes, number of frames, number of subframes, number of slots, number of symbols, etc.; a window duration, expressed in terms of the number of symbols (e.g., including uplink, downlink, gap, special symbols), slots (e.g., including uplink, downlink, gap, special slots), subframes (e.g., including uplink, downlink, gap, special subframes), frames (e.g., including uplink, downlink, gap, special frames), etc.; and / or a TxRx window index (e.g., if more than one TxRx window is configured by the network).

[0182] The WTRU can determine to send the scheduling request until the WTRU receives an acknowledgment message (e.g., “yes” to the WTRU’s request) or grant for the requested TxRx window. The WTRU can determine to continue sending scheduling requests up to M slots before the requested transmission timing, where M can be configured by the network. The WTRU can determine to send the scheduling request again if it does not receive a response from the network within a configured response time (e.g., N slots since the WTRU sent the request to the network). The WTRU can be configured with a maximum number of requests that the WTRU can make.

[0183] If the WTRU is unable to obtain the TxRx window, the WTRU may send a report to the network indicating that the scheduled PRS reception and SRSp transmission could not be established.

[0184] Priority determination can be performed during the TxRx window. The WTRU can determine the priority level of PRS and SRsp during the TxRx window. The WTRU can determine the window priority level based on one or more of the following: the WTRU receives a priority level from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB); a latency requirement for placement; the duration of the TxRx window; and / or the duration of the gap between PRS and SRsp.

[0185] WTRU can determine the window priority level based on Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 65 / 114 56 / 72 The WTRU receives a priority level from the network. The priority level can be applicable to both PRS and SRSp, or different priority levels can be associated with PRS and SRSp. The WTRU can be configured with a priority level for either PRS or SRSp. Based on the priority level configured for PRS or SRSp, the WTRU can determine the priority level for the remaining DL / UL positioning reference signal. For example, the WTRU can be pre-configured with a priority level for PRS during the TxRx window. The WTRU can determine that the same priority level is associated with SRSp during the TxRx window.

[0186] WTRU can determine the priority level based on a latency requirement for placement. For example, if the latency requirement (e.g., 10 seconds from receipt of the scheduled transmit / receive request) is below a threshold, WTRU can determine to associate the PRS and SRsp priority level as “high”. If the latency requirement is above the threshold, WTRU can determine to associate the PRS and SRsp priority level as “low”. The threshold can be pre-configured by the network.

[0187] The WTRU can determine the priority level based on the TxRx window duration. For example, if the window duration is below a threshold, the WTRU can determine to associate the PRS and SRSp priority level as “high”. If the window duration is above or equal to the threshold, the WTRU can determine to associate the PRS and SRSp priority level as “low”. The WTRU can determine to set a lower priority for a longer window duration, as the WTRU may wish to prioritize SR (Scheduling Request) or UL channel transmission (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH).

[0188] The WTRU can determine priority based on the duration of the gap between PRS and SRSp. For example, if the duration is less than a threshold, the WTRU can determine that transmission and reception are high priority. If the duration is longer than the threshold, the WTRU can determine that transmission and reception are Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 66 / 114 57 / 72 low priority.

[0189] The behavior of the WTRU during the TxRx window and / or prioritization can be described. In an RTT-based positioning method, the positioning entity may require both the reception of SRSp from the WTRU and the measurement of the Rx-Tx time difference from the WTRU. Thus, the reception of PRS and the transmission of SRSp may be necessary for the positioning method. The WTRU may determine to perform one or more actions described in this document related to the termination / continuation of the TxRx window.

[0190] If the WTRU determines to prioritize the reception of DL channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH) over the reception of PRS during the TxRx window, the WTRU may decide to terminate or cancel the TxRx window. When the WTRU terminates or cancels the TxRx window, the WTRU may cancel the reception of PRS and / or SRSp transmissions.

[0191] If the WTRU determines to prioritize the reception of DL channels or signals (e.g., SSB) on one or more PRS replay reception occasions, the WTRU may determine to maintain the TxRx window and the WTRU may determine to transmit SRSp during the window. The WTRU may determine to terminate the window based on the remaining portion of the replay occasions. For example, the WTRU may be pre-configured with a threshold (e.g., number of occasions, percentage of remaining occasions) and if the number of replays that are not dropped exceeds the threshold, the WTRU may determine to maintain the TxRx window.

[0192] Figure 16 illustrates an example of a TxRx window that includes downlink, uplink, and guard slots. The WTRU can use the guard slot(s) or symbol(s) to switch its hardware (e.g., Tx or Rx filter, amplifiers) from downlink reception to uplink transmission. In one (e.g., each) downlink slot in the window, the WTRU can be configured to receive PRS. In one (e.g., each) slot of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 67 / 114 58 / 72 uplink in the window, the WTRU can be configured to transmit SRSp. For both cases, the WTRU can be configured to receive PRS replays and transmit SRSp replays. Figure 17 illustrates an example of receiving PDCCH during the TxRx window. As shown in Figure 17, a WTRU can determine to receive PDCCH with a higher priority level than PRS in one of the downlink slots. If the condition for maintaining the TxRx window is that at least one replay occasion remains, the WTRU can determine to maintain the TxRx window, since the WTRU can still receive one (e.g., 1) remaining PRS occasion.

[0193] Figure 18 illustrates an example of canceling an SRSp transmission. As shown in Figure 18, the WTRU can be configured with a TxRx window that covers downlink, guard, and uplink slots. The WTRU can send a PUSCH uplink transmission request to the uplink slots that are reserved / scheduled for SRSp transmission. The WTRU can determine to cancel (e.g., drop, not transmit) the SRSp transmission and transmit PUSCH. Since there are no uplink transmissions remaining, the WTRU can determine the termination of the TxRx window.

[0194] The WTRU can determine which changes to the uplink or downlink slot configurations defined by the network have higher priority. For example, using the example illustrated in Figure 16, the WTRU can receive TDD configurations from DDSUU, and the TxRx window can encompass the DDSUU slots. The WTRU can also schedule downlink reception and uplink transmission during the window. The WTRU can receive an indication from the network that the TDD format is changing (e.g., to DDDDD). Because the TDD frame format has been modified within the window, the WTRU can determine the cancellation of one or more (e.g., all) scheduled PRS receptions and SRSp transmissions. The WTRU can report the result to the network, indicating that the scheduled reception and transmission... Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 68 / 114 59 / 72 could not occur

[0195] If the WTRU is configured with a TxRx window, the WTRU may determine that the configured or determined priority level is associated with the window. For example, the WTRU may determine that the determined or configured priority level applies to downlink slot(s) or uplink symbol(s) within the window.

[0196] If the WTRU does not receive a grant or indication of the window (e.g., from the second network entity) within a configured time limit (e.g., N slots before PRS reception or measurement is performed), the WTRU may report (e.g., to the network) that the WTRU cannot receive PRS and / or transmit SRS as requested (e.g., at the configured or requested timing).

[0197] A WTRU can be pre-configured with Tp (e.g., PRS reception timing relative to the reference point) and Ts (e.g., SRSp transmission timing relative to the reference point) by the network, where the reference point can be the time the WTRU received the request. The WTRU can receive PRS and / or SRS configurations from the network. The WTRU can receive a PRS measurement request at the scheduled timing (e.g., Tp slots from the time the WTRU receives the request) and SRSp transmission at the scheduled timing (e.g., Ts slots from the time the WTRU receives the request). The WTRU can send a request to a priority TxRx window that covers the PRS measurement timing and the SRSp transmission timing, where the duration / start time of the TxRx window can be determined based on Tp and Ts. WTRU may receive a window concession with a priority level.WTRU can measure PRS and transmit SRSp during the configured window. If PRS measurement is canceled due to reception of a higher priority channel, WTRU may cancel the SRSp transmission. WTRU may terminate the transmission of... Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 69 / 114 60 / 72 SRSp and / or receipt of PRS once a termination condition (e.g., time expiration) is met.

[0198] Scheduled PRS reception and SRSp transmission can be performed for an RTT positioning method. A WTRU can receive a PRS reception timing configuration (Tp) and / or SRSp transmission timing configuration (Ts), for example from a first network entity such as an LMF. For example, Tp can be called the first time value and Ts can be called the second time value. Tp and / or Ts can be expressed in terms of respective slot numbers. The WTRU can receive PRS and / or SRS configurations, for example, from the first network entity. The WTRU can receive a request (for example, from the first network entity) to perform a PRS measurement at the configured timing (e.g., Tp slots from the moment the WTRU receives the request) and to perform an SRSp transmission at the configured timing (e.g., Ts slots from the moment the WTRU receives the request).WTRU can send a request (e.g., to a second network entity, such as a gNB) for a TxRx window that covers the PRS measurement timing and the transmission timing to the SRSp, where the start time and / or duration of the TxRx window can be determined based on Tp and / or Ts.

[0199] The WTRU may receive a grant (e.g., a first grant) or other indication (e.g., from the second network entity) for a time window (e.g., that satisfies the request) with a priority level indicating DL or UL signal priorities (e.g., within the window). For example, an SSB may have a higher priority than a PRS. In another example, a PDCCH may have a higher priority than a PRS. If the WTRU receives a change in TDD settings (e.g., uplink slots are converted to downlink slots), the WTRU may determine the Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 70 / 114 61 / 72 Cancellation of the TxRx window and reception of PRS and / or transmission of SRSp within the window. For example, if the WTRU receives a second grant associated with a higher priority level than the first grant, the WTRU may cancel (e.g., discard, not measure) the PRS measurement at the time indicated by Tp based on the fact that the second grant is associated with a higher priority level than the first grant. The WTRU may measure PRS and / or transmit SRSp during the TxRx window at the indicated Tp and Ts, respectively, for example, if neither the measurement nor the transmission of SRSp is canceled due to a higher priority channel (e.g., due to the presence, transmission, or reception of a higher priority channel). If the PRS measurement is canceled due to the reception of the higher priority channel (e.g., PDCCH), the WTRU may cancel (e.g., discard, not transmit) the transmission of SRSp.If the WTRU does not receive a grant or indication of the window (e.g., from the second network entity) within a configured time limit (e.g., N slots before PRS reception or measurement is performed), the WTRU may report (e.g., to the first network entity) that the WTRU cannot receive PRS and / or transmit SRS as requested (e.g., at the configured or requested timing).

[0200] A scheduling request can be used for SRSp. For example, a trigger can be used for simultaneous transmission of SRSp.

[0201] A WTRU can receive a request from the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) to transmit SRsp at the scheduled time (e.g., absolute time, relative time).

[0202] A WTRU (e.g., a first WTRU) may determine to send a request to the network to initiate simultaneous transmission of SRsp between one or more WTRUs (e.g., including the first WTRU). For example, the WTRU may determine to send a request to the network if one or more of the following conditions are met: a measurement error (e.g., RSRP, RSTD, phase) or measurement uncertainty is above a pre-configured threshold; an estimation error of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 71 / 114 62 / 72 location is above a pre-configured limit; and / or discovery of a PRU within a pre-configured distance limit, where the WTRU can determine its location based on RAT-dependent positioning methods (e.g., DL-TDOA, DO-AoD) and / or RAT-independent positioning methods (e.g., GNSS). The WTRU can receive PRU location information via broadcast. A PRU can be a type of WTRU whose location is known by the PRU itself or by the network (e.g., LMF, gNB).

[0203] A scheduling request can be used for SRSp. The WTRU can send a request to the network (e.g., gNB, LMF) to transmit SRSp at a scheduled time (e.g., absolute or relative time). The WTRU can specify the requested SRSp transmission characteristics, including one or more of the following in the scheduling request: a relative time relative to a reference time; an absolute time (e.g., 3 PM UTC); an SRSp transmission duration (e.g., repetition factor, SRSp periodicity, a periodic SRSp transmission window, time, etc.); and / or SRSp information (e.g., SRSp feature ID, SRSp feature set ID, TRP ID, SRSp spatial information, etc.).

[0204] A trigger can be set to transmit SRSp. The WTRU can determine to transmit SRSp if the WTRU receives an uplink grant (e.g., time and frequency resources) to transmit SRSp. The WTRU can receive a network activation command (e.g., via MAC-CE) to transmit SRSp at the specified timing (e.g., N slots from the time the WTRU receives the MAC-CE activation command).

[0205] The WTRU can receive more than one resource for SRsp (e.g., SRsp resource indexes) from the network. The WTRU can receive a DCI or MAC-CE indication command from the network, indicating the activated SRsp resource index. Based on the activation command, the WTRU can determine the transmission of the activated SRsp. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 72 / 114 63 / 72 using the resources associated with the SRSp resource index.

[0206] The frequency with which the WTRU sends the scheduling request can be determined. The WTRU can determine to send the scheduling request until the WTRU receives an acknowledgment message (e.g., “yes” to the WTRU’s request) or a grant to UL resources for the requested SRsp transmission. The WTRU can determine to continue sending scheduling requests up to M slots before the requested transmission timing, where M can be configured by the network. The WTRU can determine to send the scheduling request again if it does not receive a response from the network during a configured response time (e.g., N slots since the WTRU sent the request to the network).

[0207] The WTRU can be configured with the maximum number of requests that the WTRU can make. The WTRU can be configured with transmission occasions (e.g., periodic timing) in which the WTRU can send the scheduling request to the SRSp.

[0208] If the WTRU does not receive a grant for the request, the WTRU may determine that the request has failed. The WTRU may determine that the request has failed when one or more of the following conditions are met: the WTRU does not receive a grant to transmit SRsp from the network (e.g., indication of time and / or frequency resources to transmit SRsp) after sending N requests, where N may be the maximum number of requests; and / or the WTRU does not receive a grant to transmit SRsp within a pre-configured network time window (e.g., a request time window), where the time window may begin when the WTRU sends the first request to the network.

[0209] If the WTRU does not receive the grant and determines that the application procedure has failed, the WTRU may report to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) that the application procedure has failed. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 73 / 114 64 / 72

[0210] One or more termination conditions may be applied. The WTRU may determine to stop transmitting SRSp as soon as the WTRU receives a network disable command (e.g., via MAC-CE, RRC, LPP). The WTRU may be configured with periodic or semi-persistent SRSp transmission, where the WTRU is expected to transmit SRSp at a configured periodicity and / or with repetition factors. The WTRU may be configured to start a timer when the WTRU receives the grant or enable command for one of the SRSp resources. The WTRU may be configured with a time limit for the timer. The WTRU may determine to stop transmitting SRSp when the timer expires (e.g., the timer reaches the time limit). The WTRU may be configured with a time window with indicated start and end times (e.g., SFN, subframe, frame, slot, symbol number, absolute time, relative time, etc.) for the window.WTRU may decide to stop transmitting SRsp when WTRU determines that the time window end has been reached.

[0211] In one example, a WTRU might send a request for scheduled SRS transmission. The WTRU might continue sending the request until the request is fulfilled or until the request window time limit expires (e.g., M slots prior to the scheduled transmission time).

[0212] The WTRU can receive a Ts configuration (SRSp transmission timing) (e.g., from a first network entity such as an LMF). The WTRU can receive SRS configuration(s) (e.g., from the first network entity or a second network entity such as a gNB), where one (e.g., each) SRS configuration can be associated with an index. The WTRU can receive a request (e.g., timing) for SRSp transmission at the configured timing (e.g., Ts slots from the time the WTRU receives the request, absolute time, etc.) from the network (e.g., LMF). A Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 74 / 114 65 / 72 WTRU can send an SRSp scheduling request to gNB indicating at least the transmission timing and / or SRS configuration index. If WTRU does not receive an initial response (e.g., a “Yes”) from gNB to the request within a pre-configured response time since WTRU sent the request, WTRU may decide to send the request until WTRU receives an ACK from gNB, or M slots before the requested transmission timing. If WTRU receives the initial response from gNB to the request, WTRU may transmit the SRSp at the scheduled transmission time.

[0213] In another example, the WTRU might receive a Ts (SRSp transmission timing) configuration from a network (e.g., from a first network entity such as an LMF). For example, the Ts configuration might be called a “temporal value”. The WTRU might receive an SRSp configuration from the network (e.g., from the first network node or a second network node such as a gNB), where the SRSp configuration might include periodic transmission parameters (e.g., periodicity, repetition factor). The WTRU might receive a request from the network (e.g., from the first network node) to transmit SRSp at a temporal value, which might be the configured timing (e.g., at a time instance after the Ts slots from the moment the WTRU receives the request) or at an absolute time.If the time value (e.g., configured timing) is expressed in terms of absolute time, the WTRU can determine the relative time based on a configured numerology. The WTRU can send a request to the network (e.g., to the second entity in the network) for uplink resources for SRSp transmission (e.g., via an SRSp scheduling request) indicating the start time determined by Ts and an SRSp transmission duration (e.g., repetition factor, periodicity, transmission window). The WTRU can receive a grant for more than one uplink resource (e.g., timing and frequency resources) from the second node. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 75 / 114 66 / 72 network, where one (e.g., each) resource can be associated with an index. The WTRU can receive a command (e.g., via RRC / MAC-CE) from the network (e.g., the second network entity) indicating the index of the resource to be enabled for SRSp transmission from the network. The WTRU can determine the resource to be enabled based on the indicated index and the UL resource indices received in the lease. The WTRU can transmit SRSp at the configured timing. The WTRU can terminate the SRSp transmission when a termination condition (e.g., time expires, the WTRU receives the MAC-CE disable command, etc.) is met.

[0214] The measurement report on demand from another WTRU may be described.

[0215] There may be one or more triggers to send a simultaneous reception request. A WTRU may determine to send a request to the network for a measurement report sent by another WTRU(s). The WTRU may be configured with a WTRU-based positioning method or a WTRU-assisted positioning method.

[0216] The WTRU can be configured to send a request to the network for simultaneous PRS reception if one or more of the following conditions are met: measurement error (e.g., RSRP, RSTD, phase, etc.) or measurement uncertainty is above a pre-configured threshold; WTRU location estimation error is above a pre-configured threshold; the distance between the PRU and the WTRU is less than a pre-configured distance threshold, where the WTRU can determine its location based on RAT-dependent positioning methods (e.g., DL-TDOA, DO-AoD) and / or RAT-independent positioning methods (e.g., GNSS); and / or the WTRU receives a request from the network (e.g., LMF) to perform simultaneous PRS reception and report correction or differential measurement results. The WTRU can receive PRU location information via broadcast, group broadcast, or point-to-point broadcast.A PRU can be a type of WTRU whose location is known by the PRU itself or by the network. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 76 / 114 67 / 72 (e.g., LMF, gNB).

[0217] The simultaneous reception request may contain content. In the simultaneous reception request sent by the WTRU, the WTRU may include one or more of the following: PRS reception timings (e.g., absolute, relative); WTRU location (e.g., determined based on a RAT-dependent positioning method or RAT-independent positioning method) and / or indication of the positioning method used to determine the WTRU location; PRS information (e.g., PRS feature index, PRS feature set index) that the WTRU requests to receive; a measurement type (e.g., RSTD, phase, RSRP, phase difference, RSRP per path (RSRPP)) that the WTRU requests; PRS information (e.g., PRS feature indices) associated with requested measurement reports;PRU IDs or any associated identification information (e.g., RNTI) with PRU, where the term “PRU” may be used interchangeably with “reference WTRU” and / or “WTRU”; and / or a time (e.g., indicated by date / time stamp, absolute or relative time) at which the measurements are taken.

[0218] The WTRU can receive a session index in a message (e.g., LPP, RRC) for simultaneous reception as a network response to the WTRU's request. The WTRU can determine from the message that the session index is associated with one or more PRS configurations. The message can contain the PRS reception timing(s) associated with the session ID. The WTRU can send an acknowledgment message (e.g., in UCI, UL MAC-CE, PUSCH, PUCCH) for the message received from the network.

[0219] A request for other measurements may contain content. After performing measurements on the PRS, the WTRU may send a request to the network for measurements made by PRUs or other WTRUs that received the PRS in the same session as the WTRU. The WTRU may send the request if one or more of the following conditions are met. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 77 / 114 68 / 72 satisfied: measurement error (e.g., RSRP, RSTD, phase) or measurement uncertainty is above a pre-configured limit; and / or WTRU location estimation error is above a pre-configured limit.

[0220] In the request, the WTRU may indicate one or more of the following: a measurement type (e.g., RSTD, RSRP, phase, phase difference); a measurement volume (e.g., in terms of number of measurement instances, measurement duration); timing(s) at which the measurements are taken; PRS information (e.g., PRS feature index, PRS feature set index, target PRS feature index, reference PRS feature index, target TRP / PRS ID, reference TRP / PRS ID, etc.) associated with the requested measurement; PRU / WTRU IDs or any associated identifying information (e.g., RNTI) for the PRU / WTRU; and / or a session index.

[0221] A WTRU can specify a measurement volume in the request. Another WTRU or PRU can perform cumulative measurements of repetitions and make one (e.g., 1) measurement instance (e.g., RSTD). For example, the WTRU can determine the average, minimum, or maximum value of N measurement instances (e.g., RSRP, RSTD) and make one instance of the N measurement instances. The WTRU can request N measurement instances.

[0222] The WTRU can specify the timing(s) at which measurements are taken in the request. For example, the WTRU can specify relative timing(s), absolute timing(s), and / or timestamps at which measurements are taken. Relative timing can be defined relative to a reference time (for example, the reference time can be the timing at which the WTRU received the PRS). For example, the WTRU can request measurements taken at the specified PRS feature indices with a measurement periodicity of 5 seconds.

[0223] WTRU can indicate PRS information (e.g., PRS feature index, PRS feature set index, PRS feature index of Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 78 / 114 69 / 72 destination, reference PRS resource index, destination TRP / PRS ID, reference TRP / PRS ID, etc.) associated with the requested measurement in the request. For example, the WTRU may request measurements taken on PRS resource #1 in PRS resource set #2 for frequency layer #1 of another WTRU / PRU, where the PRS configuration may be associated with the simultaneous reception configuration or session index. Additionally, the WTRU may specify the reference TRP / PRS resource index number (e.g., for RSTD).

[0224] If the WTRU does not receive a grant for the network request (e.g., a request for simultaneous reception of PRS, a request to receive measurements made by a PRU / another WTRU, etc.), the WTRU may determine that the request procedure has failed. The WTRU may determine that the request has failed when one or more of the following conditions are met: the WTRU does not receive a grant for the network request after sending N requests, where N may be the maximum number of requests; and / or the WTRU does not receive a grant for the request within a pre-configured network time window (e.g., a request time window), where the time window may begin when the WTRU sends the first request to the network.

[0225] If the WTRU does not receive the grant and determines that the application procedure has failed, the WTRU may report to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) that the application procedure has failed.

[0226] Differential processing and / or correction determination can be performed. The WTRU can obtain measurements reported by PRUs or other WTRUs. The WTRU can be configured to perform differential processing. For example, differential processing can be a difference between RSTD / RSRP / RSRPP / phase measurements made on the same PRS feature. For example, if RSTD_p and RSTDJJ are the RSTD measurements made by PRU and WTRU, respectively, the difference in RSTD can be calculated by RSTD_p - RSTDJJ. A Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 79 / 114 70 / 72 WTRU can report the differential processing result to the network (e.g., LMF, gNB) and associate the result with the session index and / or timestamp associated with the measurements.

[0227] A WTRU can be configured or requested to determine and report a correction factor based on measurements received from another WTRU / PRU. The correction may relate to power, phase, or timing offset Rx or to power, phase, and / or timing offset Tx. The WTRU may determine to report the correction factor (e.g., power / phase / timing offset determined based on measurements made by another WTRU / PRU and / or WTRU) to the grid if the WTRU receives a request from the grid to report the correction factor.

[0228] Figure 19 illustrates an example of simultaneous on-demand PRS reception for differential processing.

[0229] A measurement report can be generated on demand. The WTRU can be configured with a network-based WTRU placement method (e.g., LMF, gNB). The WTRU can be configured with a distance limit. The WTRU can receive a message (e.g., a broadcast) from the network indicating the locations of PRUs. The WTRU can send a request to the network for a simultaneous broadcast session, for example, if the WTRU determines that a distance between the broadcast location of PRU(s) and the determined location of the WTRU (e.g., based on a placement method (e.g., DLTDOA)) is less than the pre-configured distance limit. The WTRU can be configured with a T value (e.g., T slots, T frames) by the network (e.g., LMF) (e.g., via LPP message). The WTRU can receive a session index and / or a PRS configuration (e.g., PRS resource indices) associated with the network session index.The WTRU can receive a request (e.g., from the network) to perform PRS measurement at the configured timing (e.g., T slots from the time the WTRU receives the request). The WTRU... Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 80-114 71 / 72 can receive the PRS (e.g., T slots from the moment the WTRU receives the request) according to the PRS configuration and can perform a measurement on the received PRS. The WTRU can send a request to the LMF for measurements (e.g., performed by a PRU) associated with the PRS resource index and / or session index. The WTRU can receive measurements associated with the network session index (e.g., LMF) (e.g., via an LPP message). The WTRU can report (e.g., an indication of) the WTRU's location to the network (e.g., LMF).

[0230] The processes and tools described in this document can be applied in any combination, and can also be applied to other wireless technologies and other services.

[0231] A WTRU can refer to the physical device identity or the user identity, such as signature-related identities, for example, MSISDN, SIP URI, etc. A WTRU can also refer to application-based identities, for example, usernames that can be used by an application.

[0232] The processes described above can be implemented in a computer program, software, and / or firmware embedded in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (transmitted via wired and / or wireless connections) and / or computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memories (ROM), random-access memories (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as, but not limited to, internal hard drives and removable disks, magneto-optical media and / or optical media such as CD-ROMs and / or digital versatile discs (DVDs). A processor in association with software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 81 / 114 72 / 72 for use in a WTRU, a UE, a terminal, a base station, an RNC and / or any central computer. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 82-114

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. Wireless transmission / reception unit (WTRU) CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a processor configured to: receive, from a network, an indication of the respective locations of one or more positioning reference units (PRUs); transmit, to the network, a request for a simultaneous transmission session; receive, from the network, a session index, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration associated with the session index, and a request to measure a PRS using a temporal value; measure the PRS at the temporal value; transmit, to the network, a request for measurements associated with the session index; receive, from the network, the measurements associated with the session index; and transmit, to the network, an indication of a WTRU location.

2. A WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor is additionally configured to: determine that a distance between the location of the WTRU and a location of at least one PRU of one or more PRUs is less than a distance limit; and transmit the request to the concurrent transmission session based on a determination that the distance is less than the distance limit.

3. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the temporal value comprises a number of slots, and in that the processor being configured to measure the PRS on the temporal value comprises the processor being configured to measure the PRS on the temporal value in the number of slots after receiving the request to measure the PRS.

4. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 111 / 114 2 / 4, the session index is received by means of a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) message.

5. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the PRS configuration comprises a PRS feature index.

6. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the indication of the respective locations of one or more PRUs is received by means of a broadcast message.

7. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor is additionally configured to determine the location of the WTRU based on a positioning method.

8. WTRU, according to claim 7, CHARACTERIZED in that the positioning method comprises downlink time-of-arrival difference positioning (DL-TDOA).

9. WTRU, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the indication of the respective locations of one or more PRUs is transmitted by means of a broadcast message.

10. Method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method being CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: receiving, from a network, an indication of the respective locations of one or more positioning reference units (PRUs); transmitting, to the network, a request for a simultaneous transmission session; receiving, from the network, a session index, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration associated with the session index, and a request to measure a PRS using a temporal value; measuring the PRS at the temporal value; transmitting, to the network, a request for measurements associated with the session index; Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 112 / 114 3 / 4 receiving, from the network, the measurements associated with the session index; and transmitting, to the network, an indication of a WTRU location.

11. A method according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises: determining that a distance between the location of the WTRU and the location of at least one PRU of one or more PRUs is less than a distance limit; and transmitting the request to the concurrent transmission session based on the determination that the distance is less than the distance limit.

12. Method, according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the temporal value comprises a number of slots, and in that the PRS measurement on the temporal value comprises measuring the PRS on the temporal value in the number of slots after receiving the request to measure the PRS.

13. Method, according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the session index is received by means of a long-term evolving (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) message.

14. Method according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the PRS configuration comprises a PRS feature index.

15. Method, according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that the indication of the respective locations of one or more PRUs is received by means of a broadcast message.

16. Method according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED in that it further comprises determining the location of the WTRU based on a positioning method.

17. Method, according to claim 16, CHARACTERIZED in that the positioning method comprises downlink time-of-arrival difference positioning (DL-TDOA).

18. Base Station (BS) CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a processor configured to: Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 113 / 114 4 / 4 transmit, to a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), an indication of the respective locations of one or more positioning reference units (PRUs); receive, from the WTRU, a request for a simultaneous transmission session; transmit, to the WTRU, a session index, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration associated with the session index, and a request to measure a PRS using a temporal value; receive, from the WTRU, a request for measurements associated with the session index; determine the measurements associated with the session index; transmit, to the WTRU, the measurements associated with the session index; and receive, from the WTRU, an indication of a WTRU location.

19. BS, according to claim 18, CHARACTERIZED in that the processor is additionally configured to receive, from the WTRU, an indication that a distance between the location of the WTRU and a location of at least one PRU of one or more PRUs is less than a distance limit.

20. BS, according to claim 18, CHARACTERIZED in that the session index is transmitted via a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) message. Petition 870250085859, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 114 / 114

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