Kissing arrangement for a burner, as well as a burner with such a kissing arrangement

Description

1 / 29 “ARRANGEMENT OF NOZZLES FOR A BURNER, AS WELL AS A BURNER WITH SUCH AN ARRANGEMENT OF NOZZLES”

[0001] This patent application claims priority over German patent application DE 10 2023 202 665.1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The invention relates to a nozzle arrangement for a burner, in particular a gas burner, as well as a burner with such a nozzle arrangement.

[0003] In an asphalt production plant, various materials are processed, in particular heated, dried, and / or mixed with each other. A large portion of the energy application required for the subsequent asphalt mixing process is used to dry the materials during asphalt production. The materials are heated during drying. The temperature can reach up to 450 °C, depending on the type of asphalt to be mixed and, in particular, the proportion of asphalt granules to be mixed, also known as recycled material, to be added. Drying takes place in a rotary tubular kiln, also known as a drying drum. Heat is supplied to the rotary tubular kiln, generated by a separate heating unit. Heat generation is generally based on the combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, heating oil, and / or coal dust. The combustion of fossil fuels is problematic from a climate standpoint.

[0004] Other non-fossil fuels, in particular non-fossil combustible gases such as hydrogen, have a high reaction rate and lead to high flame temperatures and therefore a high burner thermal load, as well as higher nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is to enable the use of a fuel gas with a high reaction rate in a burner in case of efficient combustion, so that the service life of the burner, in particular, is not reduced. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 9 / 138 2 / 29 undesirably shortened and that the burner can be operated in a particularly delicate manner.

[0006] This objective is achieved according to the invention by an arrangement of nozzles with the characteristics specified in claim 1, and by a burner with the characteristics specified in claim 11.

[0007] According to the invention, it has been observed that efficient and advantageous combustion of gases is possible if the gases are advantageously injected into the burner. By means of a nozzle arrangement according to the invention, comprising at least one pair of nozzles, a fuel gas and a secondary gas can be advantageously injected. Each pair of nozzles has a fuel gas nozzle, with which the fuel gas, in particular in a combustion chamber of the burner, is injected. It is also conceivable that the fuel gas is injected with the fuel gas nozzle directly into a workspace that must be heated with the burner flame. For example, the workspace could be a drying drum in an asphalt mixing system. The fuel gas nozzle has a longitudinal axis. The fuel gas nozzle is connected to a fuel gas distribution mechanism, in particular to a fuel gas distribution chamber.The fuel gas distribution mechanism can be designed as a tubular line, as a distribution element, and / or as a manifold. Fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas nozzle by the fuel gas distribution mechanism. The fuel gas distribution chamber is designed in an annular shape, particularly in relation to a longitudinal axis of the burner. The fuel gas nozzle is specifically designed as an internal nozzle.

[0008] A gas with a high reaction rate serves as a fuel gas, which can be burned efficiently and directed towards heat generation. The fuel gas has a high flame temperature in air. For hydrogen, the flame temperature in air is 2130 °C. With a combustion temperature of 1400 °C, nitrogen oxide emissions are created, in which its Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 10 / 138 3 / 29 The quantity increases exponentially with increasing temperature. The fuel gas is, in particular, hydrogen and / or acetylene.

[0009] Each pair of nozzles also has a secondary gas nozzle. The secondary gas nozzle is specifically designed as an external nozzle and, in particular, arranged around the fuel gas nozzle. The secondary gas nozzle is used to inject secondary gas into the combustion chamber of the burner. In particular, secondary gas is distinct from air. In particular, secondary gas does not contain air. Secondary gas is air-free.

[0010] By using secondary gas, the high response rate of the fuel gas can be specifically reduced, so that flame temperatures and, in particular, local temperature peaks are reduced. The combustion reaction in the burner can be specifically reduced by injecting secondary gas. This means that the combustion reaction is slowed down by adding secondary gas. In particular, the nozzle arrangement serves to locally influence the flame temperature of the burner flame through a targeted injection.

[0011] In particular, the fuel gas nozzle and the secondary gas nozzle are arranged in such a way that the orientation of the fuel gas and the secondary gas occurs separately from the orientation of air within the combustion chamber. In particular, the fuel gas and the secondary gas are oriented together within the combustion chamber, but separately from the air. In particular, a mixture of fuel gas and secondary gas is generated and this mixture is oriented to the combustion chamber by means of the nozzle arrangement, where mixing with air occurs. In particular, a mixture of air with fuel gas and secondary gas occurs only in the combustion chamber. In the nozzle arrangement there is no mixing of fuel gas with air. In particular, there is no air orientation within the nozzle arrangement.

[0012] In addition to fuel gas and secondary gas, air is also processed in the burner. It is conceivable to add another fuel gas, called secondary fuel gas, and burn them together. In Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 11 / 138 4 / 29 In particular, only gas is processed in the burner. The burner is specifically a gas burner. In addition, liquids and / or solids can be processed as fuels in the burner according to the invention.

[0013] According to the invention, it has been observed that fuel displacement by volume is reduced by the directed injection of secondary gas. This reduces and, in particular, avoids high-temperature zones. By reducing high-temperature zones, the combustion reaction is gentler on the burner. The service life of the burner is increased. The burner according to the invention is ecologically and economically advantageous. In particular, it has been observed that high-temperature zones are one of the main causes of the occurrence of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. By reducing nitrogen oxide emissions, the operation of the burner is particularly environmentally friendly. In particular, the formation of nitrogen oxides can be directly avoided during combustion.

[0014] The heat generated according to the invention is generated, at least partially, and in particular, exclusively by the combustion of hydrogen gas as fuel gas. The combustion of hydrogen gas is carbon dioxide-free. When hydrogen gas is burned, no carbon dioxide is produced. The combustion of hydrogen gas is ecologically beneficial. Exhaust gases and / or harmful emissions are reduced. It is particularly advantageous if the hydrogen gas has been produced from renewable energy sources, i.e., if it is so-called green hydrogen.

[0015] The burner is used to provide heat in a rotary kiln in an asphalt production facility. For this purpose, the burner is coupled to the rotary kiln. A flame generated from combustion by the burner can burn directly in the rotary kiln. In this case, the burner and the rotary kiln are physically coupled to each other. Alternatively, the burner flame can burn spatially away from the rotary kiln, particularly in a hot gas generator. The heat generated in this way can be guided as hot gas from the hot gas generator to the kiln. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 12 / 138 5 / 29 Rotary tubular furnace. The heat generated by the burner is guided to the rotary tubular furnace as hot gas. In this case, the burner is indirectly coupled to the rotary tubular furnace, specifically by a hot gas line.

[0016] Exhaust gas and / or inert gas serve as secondary gas, in particular. Exhaust gases from an asphalt production plant, in particular exhaust gases from the rotary kiln, serve as exhaust gases, which must be supplied with heat to the burner. In this case, exhaust gases from the rotary kiln are returned directly to the burner via the exhaust gas recirculation line. This immediate return is called recirculation. Additionally or alternatively, at least one other source of exhaust gases may be present from which exhaust gases are returned to the burner. At least one other source of exhaust gases is, in particular, another rotary kiln, a bucket conveyor, a chimney and / or a filter unit, in particular a filter dust removal unit.In particular, there may be several exhaust gas recirculation lines that carry the different exhaust gas sources to the burner. In particular, an exhaust gas recirculation line system is present, to which the rotary tubular furnace and / or at least one other exhaust gas source are fluidically connected, in particular, at least indirectly, to the burner.

[0017] It is particularly advantageous that the recirculated exhaust gas has been cleaned beforehand, i.e., that there are substantially no dust particles. The recirculated exhaust gas is, in particular, smoke gas in which the dust particle ratio is less than 20 mg / m3 and, in particular, less than 10 mg / m3. It has been innovatively concluded that purified exhaust gases, and especially smoke gases, are particularly advantageously suitable for retarding the combustion reaction.

[0018] Alternatively, the exhaust gas may be loaded, at least partially, with dust particles, where the dust load is, in Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 13 / 138 6 / 29 private, less than 35 mg / m3.

[0019] With the secondary gas nozzle, inert gas, in particular, can also be injected. Inert gases are gases that have a higher inert gas ratio than ambient air. It has been concluded that the combustion reaction in the burner can be deliberately slowed down by using inert gas. Examples of inert gases that can be considered are nitrogen, water vapor, or noble gases such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and / or radon.

[0020] The secondary gas nozzle is connected to a secondary gas distribution mechanism, in particular to a secondary gas distribution chamber. The secondary gas distribution chamber is designed in an annular shape, in particular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the burner. The secondary gas distribution mechanism is specifically designed to be spatially separate from the fuel gas distribution device.

[0021] For the pair of nozzles, the fuel gas nozzle along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle is at least partially disposed within the secondary gas nozzle. This means that the fuel gas injected through the fuel gas nozzle is released, first, into the secondary gas nozzle and from there, along with the secondary gas, in particular, injected into the combustion chamber. With the fuel gas nozzle, the fuel gas is, in particular, indirectly injected into the combustion chamber. In the secondary gas nozzle, a mixture of fuel gas with secondary gas occurs. This prevents the fuel gas from coming into direct contact with the combustion air. In particular, this prevents undesirable high combustion temperatures from arising. The mixture is particularly advantageous because the fuel gas nozzle in the secondary gas nozzle is surrounded by the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle in the circumferential direction.The secondary gas nozzle forms, in particular, a mixing chamber to mix fuel gas and secondary gas. The mixing occurs immediately and is particularly efficient. The resulting gas mixture is particularly suitable for combustion.

[0022] It is particularly advantageous that there is no direct mechanical connection. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 14 / 138 7 / 29 between the fuel gas nozzle and the secondary gas nozzle. The fuel gas nozzle is directly attached to the combustion chamber, in particular. The secondary gas nozzle is directly attached to the secondary gas distribution chamber, in particular. The fuel gas nozzle is placed inside the secondary gas nozzle, in particular, without contact, and held within it. As a result, the gas flow, in particular the secondary gas flow through the secondary gas nozzle passing through the fuel gas nozzle, is possible, in particular, in an undisturbed manner.

[0023] A nozzle arrangement according to claim 2 enables an improved mixing of the gases. The mixing is improved by the fact that a fuel gas outlet opening of the fuel gas nozzle is disposed within the secondary gas nozzle.

[0024] A nozzle arrangement according to claim 3 enables a specifically adjustable mixture of gases. The fact that the fuel gas outlet opening is arranged with a sufficient opening distance within the secondary gas nozzle ensures a sufficiently long common flow path of fuel gas and secondary gas into the secondary gas nozzle. In particular, the opening distance relative to the length of the secondary gas nozzle is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, in particular at least 40%, in particular at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, in particular at least 75%, and in particular at most 90%.

[0025] The fuel gas outlet opening has a smaller cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of ​​the secondary gas nozzle, in particular in the axial position of the fuel gas outlet opening. In particular, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fuel gas outlet opening is at most 70%, in particular at most 60%, in particular at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, in particular at most 30%, in particular at most 20% and in particular at most 10% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the secondary gas nozzle. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 15 / 138 8 / 29

[0026] Due to these different cross-sectional surfaces, the fuel gas has an increased flow velocity compared to the secondary gas, which has, in particular, at least twice, in particular, at least three times, in particular, at least five times, in particular, at least eight times, and in particular, at least ten times the flow velocity of the secondary gas. In particular, the flow velocity of the fuel gas is at least 500 m / s. The flow velocity of the secondary gas is, in particular, at least 50 m / s and, in particular, at most 100 m / s.

[0027] A nozzle arrangement according to claim 4 enables particularly advantageous flow conditions, in particular through the fuel gas nozzle and / or through the secondary gas nozzle on the exterior of the fuel gas nozzle. The fact that the fuel gas nozzle has a narrowing section reduces losses at the fuel gas nozzle flow inlet. The fuel gas nozzle has a cross-sectional surface in the narrowing section that decreases along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle. The cross-sectional surface decreases in a particularly regressive manner. This means that the outer contour of the fuel gas nozzle is designed to be concave, in particular, arched. Alternatively, a linear reduction of the cross-sectional surface can be designed so that the outer contour of the fuel gas nozzle is conical.The cross-sectional shape of the narrowing section at a level perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle is particularly round. The cross-sectional shape, i.e., the inner contour of the fuel gas nozzle, can also be designed to be non-round, for example, edgeless, in particular oval, or polygonal, for example square or hexagonal.

[0028] A constant section connects to the narrowing section along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle. The constant section has a constant cross-sectional surface along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle. The fuel gas outlet opening is disposed at a downstream end of the constant section. In particular, the cut surface. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 16 / 138 9 / 29 of the cross-section of the constant section is identical to the cross-sectional surface at the end of the narrowing section. In particular, the transition from the narrowing section to the constant section has no steps and is, in particular, continuous. Overall, the fuel gas nozzle is designed substantially in a funnel or trumpet shape.

[0029] Changing the cross-section of the fuel gas nozzle at the narrowing section and arranging fuel gas nozzles with the narrowing section inside the secondary gas nozzle results in an advantageous speed reduction for secondary gas injection due to the increased cross-section. Gas mixing is further improved as a result of the speed difference.

[0030] Alternatively, it is conceivable that the fuel gas nozzle be designed without a narrowing section. In this case, the fuel gas nozzle along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle may have a constant cross-section.

[0031] A nozzle arrangement according to claim 5 allows particularly advantageous influence on flow velocities, in particular of the fuel gas.

[0032] A corresponding fuel gas nozzle has, in particular, an advantageous reduction in cross-section along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle. In particular, a minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the narrowing section is at most 30% in relation to a maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the narrowing section, in particular, at most 25%, in particular, at most 20%, in particular, at most 10%, in particular, at most 5% and, in particular, at least 1%.

[0033] A nozzle arrangement according to claim 6 allows for an uncomplicated supply of secondary gas from the secondary gas distribution device, in particular from the secondary gas distribution chamber. In particular, the secondary gas can flow into the secondary gas nozzle directly through the end face. The nozzle arrangement has a Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 17 / 138 10 / 29 Compact and robust structure. The nozzle arrangement can be easily integrated into the burner. Gas supply from the secondary gas distribution chamber is fully integrated and implemented in a straightforward manner.

[0034] A nozzle arrangement according to claim 7 is designed in a geometrically uncomplicated manner and allows for inexpensive production. In particular, the secondary gas nozzle itself is designed as a cylinder sleeve. In particular, the inner contour of the secondary gas nozzle is cylindrical. For fixing the secondary gas nozzle to the burner on its outer wall, it is conceivable that it is designed, in particular, not cylindrically and / or has integrally shaped fixing elements.

[0035] A concentric arrangement of the secondary gas nozzles according to claim 8 enables improved mixing of the gases.

[0036] A nozzle arrangement according to claim 9 allows for a particularly uniform and, in particular, homogeneous injection of the fuel gas mixture. Several pairs of nozzles are arranged in the circumferential direction around a central axis of the arrangement, in particular, arranged at a distance from each other in the circumferential direction. In particular, the nozzle pairs are arranged uniformly spaced from each other in the circumferential direction. The nozzle arrangement comprises, in particular, at least three, in particular, at least four, in particular, at least six, in particular, at least eight, in particular, at least twelve, in particular, at least sixteen, and in particular, at most fifty pairs of nozzles. The number of nozzle pairs varies depending on the size of the burner construction and / or depending on the diameter of the nozzles. It is particularly advantageous that all nozzle pairs are designed identically.Depending on the burner flame to be generated, it is also conceivable to use at least two different nozzle geometries for the fuel gas nozzles and / or for the secondary gas nozzles. The nozzles may be geometrically designed differently, or even paired together. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 18 / 138 11 / 29 geometrically different designed nozzles can be arranged alternately along the circumferential direction around the center axis of the arrangement. Different nozzle geometries along the circumferential direction have been found to result in advantageously homogeneous gas injection.

[0037] In particular, nozzle pairs are arranged in a common axial position relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner. It is also conceivable, or alternatively, to arrange the nozzle pairs in various axial positions in order to allow for layered fuel gas supply to the burner.

[0038] An inclined arrangement of the nozzle pairs according to claim 10 allows for an advantageous influence on the burner flame geometry, in particular a burner flame focus. It is particularly advantageous that all fuel gas nozzles are arranged with the same angle of inclination relative to the arrangement median axis. In particular, the longitudinal axes of fuel gas nozzles of several fuel gas nozzles intersect at a point, in particular all longitudinal axes of fuel gas nozzles at a common point, which is particularly on the arrangement median axis.

[0039] It is conceivable that the angle of inclination for different nozzle arrangements may be determined differently. This may influence the profile of the supplied gases in a targeted manner. In particular, it is possible to alter the flame temperatures in a targeted manner and, in particular, to alter the flame geometry of the burner.

[0040] A burner according to claim 11 has substantially the advantages of the nozzle arrangement according to the invention, to which reference is made herein. The burner has a burner head and a combustion chamber which is disposed in a burner compartment. Air is drawn into the burner by a suction chamber. The combustion air is mixed in the burner head with the gases, which are injected by means of the nozzle arrangement, and burned therein with the formation of a burner flame. It is particularly advantageous that a vortex element is Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 19 / 138 12 / 29 positioned upstream of the burner head to rotate the sucked air, in particular in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner. The vortex element is designed to be particularly static, i.e., stationary within the burner.

[0041] A burner according to claim 12 allows advantageous cooling of the burner head, in which, in particular, sucked air flows as secondary air through a cooling cone from the outside. An annular crack is formed between the cooling cone and the burner head.

[0042] A burner according to claim 13 allows for an advantageous supply of gases to the burner head. In particular, it is ensured that the secondary air does not come into contact with the supplied gases before the burner head. By means of the nozzle arrangement, the gases are directed without contact through the annular slit. Furthermore, the secondary gas nozzles in the annular slit cause a flow obstruction for the secondary air, which is also additionally and advantageously rotated by them.

[0043] A burner according to claim 14 allows for advantageous integration of the fuel gas distribution chamber as a fuel gas distribution mechanism and / or the secondary gas distribution chamber as a secondary gas distribution mechanism in the burner compartment. The arrangement of the distribution chambers on an external part of the burner compartment is straightforward and, in particular, feasible. The burner compartment can be easily supplemented by the corresponding distribution chambers.

[0044] An embodiment of the burner according to claim 15 allows for an advantageous supply of gas to the combustion chamber. In particular, the secondary gas nozzle leads directly into the combustion chamber with a secondary gas outlet opening.

[0045] Both the features specified in the patent claims and the features specified in the following embodiment of a Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 20 / 138 13 / 29 nozzle arrangements according to the invention are respectively suitable, individually or in combination with each other, for the development of the object of the invention. The respective combinations of features do not represent any restriction as to the developments of the object of the invention, and are substantially of a merely illustrative nature.

[0046] Additional features, advantageous embodiments and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. The following are shown: Figure 1 shows a schematic sketch of an asphalt production plant with a burner. Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a rotary tubular furnace with a burner as shown in Figure 1. In Figure 3, a view along section line III-III in Figure 2, In Figure 4, a detailed enlarged view of a nozzle arrangement according to the invention, as per detail IV in Figure 2, Figure 5 shows a detailed, enlarged perspective view of the nozzle arrangement as per Figure 4.

[0047] An installation indicated as a whole with 1 in Figure 1 serves to produce asphalt. Installation 1 comprises a first device 2 and a second device 3, each of which is connected by an emission line 4 to a filter dust removal system 5, in particular common.

[0048] Installation 1 may also have only one device 2, 3 or more than two devices 2, 3. It is conceivable that one or more devices 2, 3 are connected to the filter dust collection system 5 by a common emission line 4. In particular, the filter dust collection system 5 is a central filter dust collection system of installation 1, in which several, and in particular all, devices 2, 3 of installation 1 are connected to the filter dust collection system 5. It is also conceivable that each device 2, 3 is assigned and connected to a separate filter dust collection system 5.

[0049] A condensate separator 6 is optionally connected to the system. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 21 / 138 14 / 29 of the filter dust removal system 5 and is connected to a chimney 8 by means of a blower 7. As shown in Figure 1, the condensate separator 6 can be arranged behind the filter dust removal system 5 and, additionally or alternatively, also in front of the filter dust removal system 5. In particular, in addition to the condensate separator 6, there is a recovery unit, not shown, which serves to recover the process heat that is generated, in particular, in the condensate separator 6. For this purpose, the recovery unit can be arranged, in particular, integrated into the condensate separator 6.

[0050] It has been observed that condensate separator 6 can be advantageously used in installation 1 if the exhaust air from devices 2, 3 is comparatively clean, i.e., has a reduced emission load and, in particular, is less polluted with emissions than the exhaust air from a burner burning fossil fuels.

[0051] Alternatively, it is possible that installation 1 is designed without dust removal from filter 5. In this case, devices 2, 3 are connected directly to the condensate separator 6. It is also conceivable that several condensate separators 6 are present, in particular one condensate separator 6 for each device 2, 3.

[0052] The first device 2 comprises a rotary tubular furnace 9 in which the material is dried. The rotary tubular furnace 9 has a material inlet 10 and a material outlet 11. According to the exemplary embodiment, the material inlet 10 and the material outlet 11 are each located on the end face, in particular opposite each other, of the rotary tubular furnace 9.

[0053] A burner 12 is coupled to the rotary tubular furnace 9. The burner 12 is designed to burn hydrogen gas as fuel gas and to generate a burner flame 13 which is disposed, at least in part, in the rotary tubular furnace 9. The burner 12 is a hydrogen burner. The fuel gas forms, in particular, a primary fuel. The fuel Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 22 / 138 15 / 29 primary serves primarily, that is, mainly, as fuel for heat generation in burner 12. In particular, hydrogen is burned exclusively for heat generation in burner 12. A fuel gas line 14 is connected to burner 12, which is connected, in particular, to a fuel gas reservoir 15. The fuel gas reservoir 15 is, in particular, a storage container, in particular a storage tank, in which the fuel gas, that is, hydrogen, in particular in gaseous form, is stored. The fuel gas reservoir 15 may also be designed by means of a connection to a fuel gas supply network.

[0054] A section of the fuel gas line 14 is connected to a burner 12 fuel gas distribution chamber 17 by means of a compensator 16. The fuel gas distribution chamber 17 forms a fuel gas distribution mechanism. Other embodiments of the fuel gas distribution mechanism are also possible, for example, a pipe, a distribution element or a manifold. The compensator 16 is a flexible compensation element. The compensator 16 serves to compensate for movements of the fuel gas line 14, in particular as a result of thermal changes in length, vibrations, wall penetrations and / or sedimentation phenomena. The compensator 16 is arranged in a flange connection 18 between the fuel gas distribution chamber 17 and the fuel gas line 14.

[0055] An air line 19 is connected to burner 12 to supply air, in particular ambient air.

[0056] A material transport direction 20 through the rotary tubular furnace 9 is directed from the material inlet 10 to the material outlet 11 and is oriented from right to left, according to Figure 1. A gas transport direction 21 through the rotary tubular furnace 9 is directed from the burner 12 to the emission line 4, i.e., from left to right, according to Figure 1. The material transport direction 20 and the Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 23 / 138 16 / 29 gas transport direction 21 are oriented opposite to each other. The rotary tubular furnace 9 is operated in a countercurrent method. The rotary tubular furnace 9 can also be operated in a direct current method.

[0057] A secondary fuel line 22 can be connected to the burner 12 to supply secondary fuel to the burner 12. These serve as secondary fuels, in particular, fossil fuel sources such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, heating oil, coal, in particular coal dust, synthetic fuels (BtL) and / or wood dust. The secondary fuel line 22 is fed from a secondary fuel reservoir not shown. The secondary fuel reservoir can be designed – similarly to the fuel gas reservoir 15 – as a storage container and / or as a supply network.

[0058] The burner 12 is connected to the secondary fuel line 22 and to the gas control section via a secondary fuel distribution chamber 23 by means of a compensator 16. The compensator 16 is designed substantially identically to the compensator 16 in the fuel gas line 14 and is disposed of in a corresponding location between the secondary fuel line 22 and the secondary fuel distribution chamber 23.

[0059] The first device 2 also has an exhaust gas recirculation line 24 that is connected to the burner 12. The exhaust gas recirculation line 24, in particular a branch not shown, can also be connected directly to the rotary tubular furnace 9. The exhaust gas recirculation line 24 serves to recirculate the exhaust gases to the burner 12. The exhaust gas recirculation line 24 serves, in particular, for the internal recirculation of exhaust gases from the rotary tubular furnace 9. The exhaust gas recirculation line 24 is connected directly to the chimney 8. The exhaust gases, in particular the smoke gases, are returned to the burner 12 through the exhaust gas recirculation line 24. In addition, an exhaust gas bypass line may be present. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 24 / 138 17 / 29 25, with which the emission line 4 is directly connected to the exhaust gas recirculation line 24. The dust-laden exhaust gases can be fed to the burner 12 via the exhaust gas bypass line 25.

[0060] Installation 1 may have additional exhaust gas sources 26, such as filter elements, for example. These additional exhaust gas sources may be connected directly to the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 by means of an exhaust gas bypass line 25. Alternatively, the exhaust gas sources 26 may be connected to the filter dust removal system 5 by means of an emission line 4. This makes it possible to supply purified exhaust gas from at least one exhaust gas source 26 to the burner 12.

[0061] A separate fan 27 is arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 to improve the direction of the exhaust gases to the burner 12. One or more flaps 28 may be arranged along the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 to control, in a targeted manner, the flow of exhaust gases and, in particular, to adjust the quantities of exhaust gases added in a targeted manner. Additionally or alternatively, control of the exhaust gas flow may also be achieved with the fan 27 and, in particular, by means of a frequency converter connected to it.

[0062] According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 is designed to be branched, wherein a first branch leads directly to the rotary tubular furnace 9. Another branch of the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 leads to the burner 12.

[0063] The rotary tubular furnace 9 is designed to be driven by rotation around a rotation axis 29. The drives required for this purpose, in particular the rotary drives, are known for themselves and are not shown in the figures for clarity.

[0064] The rotary tubular kiln 9 has a combustion zone 30 that extends Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 25 / 138 18 / 29 along the axis of rotation 29 in the region of the burner flame 13. The rotary tubular furnace 9 also has a heat transfer region 31 in which heat transfer to the material occurs by convection.

[0065] The second device 3 is constructed substantially identically to the first device 2, which is referred to in this document. One difference is that the second device 3 comprises, in addition to the burner 12, a hot gas generator 32. The hot gas generator 32 is connected to the rotary tubular furnace 9 by means of a hot gas line 33. The hot gas generator 32 is disposed between the burner 12 and the rotary tubular furnace 9. In the second device 3, the burner 12 is designed separately from the rotary tubular furnace 9. In particular, the burner 12 is disposed completely outside the rotary tubular furnace 9. Correspondingly, the flame of the burner 13 is disposed inside the hot gas generator 32. The flame of the burner 13 is disposed outside the rotary tubular furnace 9 of the second device 3.

[0066] In the second device 3, air recirculation fans and / or air exhaust fans, not shown in detail, may be used for air direction, in particular within the rotary tubular furnace 9 and / or the hot gas generator 32. The fans are arranged, in particular, outside the rotary tubular furnace 9 and / or outside the hot gas generator 32, in particular along the connection lines. Correspondingly, the combustion zone 30 in the rotary tubular furnace 9 of the second device 3 is not required. The rotary tubular furnace 9 of the second device 3 comprises substantially and exclusively a heat transfer region 31.

[0067] Correspondingly, an exhaust gas recirculation line 24 is present from the chimney 8 to the burner 12 of the second device 3. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 to the second device 3 is designed separately from the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 to the first device 2. It is also possible to implement a common recirculation line. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 26 / 138 19 / 29 of exhaust gases 24 with corresponding bypasses. Correspondingly, exhaust gas bypass lines 25 in the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 can be connected to the second device 3. In particular, the rotary tubular furnace 9 of one device can represent an additional source of exhaust gas for the other device, respectively.

[0068] In the exemplary embodiment shown, each device 2, 3 has its own separate fuel gas reservoir 15. It is possible that, in installation 1, a common fuel gas reservoir 15, centrally located, is available, in fluid communication with several and, in particular, with all the burners 12 of installation 1.

[0069] Installation 1 therefore has a central inert gas reservoir 34, which is also called the inert gas source. The inert gas is stored in the inert gas reservoir 34. In particular, the inert gas has a higher inert ratio than ambient air. Nitrogen, in particular, serves as the inert gas. The inert gas reservoir 34 is connected to the burners 12 of the first device 2 and the second device 3, respectively, by an inert gas line 35. It is understood that a separate inert gas reservoir 34 can also be designed for each burner 12. This makes it possible, in particular, to supply different inert gases to the respective burner 12.

[0070] The exhaust gas recirculation line 24 and the inert gas line 35 each form a secondary gas line to supply secondary gas to the burner 12. Secondary gas, within the meaning of the invention, may be exhaust gas, in particular purified exhaust gas, and / or inert gas. The secondary gas may be used to specifically influence, in particular slow down, a combustion reaction in the burner 12.

[0071] Burner 12 has a mixing chamber 36 which is arranged so as to be integrated into burner 12. Mixing chamber 36 is used to mix fuel gas with secondary gas. Mixing chamber 36 is arranged, in particular, so that the fuel gas is first mixed with the secondary gas before air is supplied by air line 19. In Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 27 / 138 20 / 29 In particular, the fuel gas line 14 and the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 and / or the inert gas line 35 are fluidically connected to the mixing chamber 36. It is also conceivable that the mixing chamber is disposed outside the burner 12, in particular adjacent to the burner 12. The mixing chamber 36 may also be disposed externally and away from the burner 12 and, in particular, upstream of the burner 12. It is possible to mix fuel gas and secondary gas separately before directing them to the burner 12.

[0072] The structure and function of the first device 2, in particular the burner 12, are explained in more detail below with reference to Figure 2.

[0073] Burner 12 has a burner compartment 38 with a longitudinal axis 37. The burner compartment 38 has a suction chamber 39 at one end facing away from the rotary kiln 9, through which air, in particular ambient air, is drawn into the burner compartment 38. For this purpose, an air line 19 and / or a silencer may be connected to the suction chamber 39. An air blower 40 is arranged along the burner compartment 38, which, according to the exemplary embodiment shown, is designed as an axial blower. It is understood that the air blower 40 may also be designed in the manner of another type of blower, in particular as a radial blower.

[0074] Burner 12 has, in particular, a flame sensor 41 that serves to monitor the flame of burner 13. In particular, several flame sensors 41 can be designed in burner 12 and, in particular, arranged apart from each other in the burner compartment 38, in particular along the longitudinal axis 37. In the burner compartment 38 there is also an ignition burner 42 that serves to ignite the flame of burner 13.

[0075] The fuel gas line 14 is connected to the burner compartment 38 through the fuel gas distribution chamber 17. The fuel gas distribution chamber 17 is arranged in a ring around Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 28 / 138 21 / 29 of the burner compartment 38. At least one fuel gas nozzle 43 is connected to the fuel gas distribution chamber 17 to supply fuel gas in a directed manner to the burner compartment 38. In particular, several fuel gas nozzles 43 are present.

[0076] Correspondingly, at least one, and in particular several, secondary fuel nozzles 44 are connected to the secondary fuel distribution chamber 23. The secondary fuel nozzles 44 may be designed as gas lances and, in particular, may be arranged adjacent to the fuel gas nozzles 43 in the burner compartment 38.

[0077] The secondary gas lines, namely the exhaust gas recirculation line 24 and / or the inert gas line 35, are connected to a secondary gas distribution chamber 45 of the burner 12. The secondary gas distribution chamber 45 forms a secondary gas distribution mechanism and is designed analogously to the fuel gas distribution chamber 17, which is referred to in this document. The secondary gas distribution chamber 45 extends, in particular, in an annular shape around the burner compartment 38.At least one, and in particular several, secondary gas nozzles 46 are connected to the secondary gas distribution chamber 45, which serve for the directed release of secondary gas into the burner compartment 38.

[0078] At least one fuel gas nozzle 43 and at least one secondary gas nozzle 46 form a nozzle arrangement 47, which is shown in a purely schematic and simplified way in Figure 2.

[0079] In the region of the nozzle arrangement 47, in particular upstream of the nozzle arrangement 47, a vortex element 48, also shown in a purely schematic manner, is arranged in the burner compartment 38. The vortex element 48 serves to make the air rotate tangentially. The vortex element 48 is designed, in particular, as a deflector plate, which has, in particular, a guide wheel. Depending on the fuel combination used, i.e., in particular, depending on the secondary fuel, in particular a Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 29 / 138 22 / 29 secondary fuel gas, the vortex element 48 can be designed differently in diameter, shape and / or structural details.

[0080] It is also conceivable to arrange the nozzle arrangement 47 upstream of the vortex element 48 and / or to arrange individual nozzles 43, 46 upstream and / or downstream of the vortex element 48.

[0081] The vortex element 48 is arranged in a cooling cone 49 of the burner 12. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the cooling cone 49 has a cylindrical section whose outer diameter is at least 80% of the inner diameter of the burner compartment 38 at that point. In particular, the outer diameter of the cooling cone 49 is at least 85%, in particular at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, and in particular at most 99% of the inner diameter of the burner compartment 38 at that point. The cooling cone 49 is arranged, in particular, in a region of the burner compartment 38 where the burner compartment 38 widens conically. The burner compartment 38 has an expansion section 50 that merges into a cylindrical end section 51. The end section 51 and the expansion section 50 form a burner head 52.An annular slit 53, designed to be circumferential, in particular conical, is formed between an outer wall of the cooling cone 49 and an inner wall of the burner head 52. The air flowing through this annular slit 53 is called secondary air. Thus, secondary air flows through the cooling cone 49. The air flowing centrally through the cooling cone 49 is called primary air. Since at least some of the air flows around the cooling cone 49 as secondary air, air gradation is possible.

[0082] In the embodiment shown, the burner head 52 improves the mixing of combustion gases, in particular hydrogen with air. The flame of burner 13 is formed after the burner head 52, so the shape of the burner flame is influenced by the geometry of the burner head. This means that the shape of the burner flame 13 can be adjusted. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 30 / 138 23 / 29 specifically by a suitable choice of burner head geometry. In particular, a burner flame diameter DF 13 is larger the larger the diameter at the burner head outlet 52.

[0083] Burner 12 is fixed to a front wall 54 of the rotary tubular furnace 9. The front wall 54 is called the outlet front wall because the material outlet 11 is located in that region. Burner 12, in particular burner compartment 38, is fixed to the front wall 54 by means of fasteners not shown in detail.

[0084] The front wall 54 is arranged overlapping, in the axial direction and / or in a radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation 29, in the rotary tubular furnace 9. The front wall 54 forms a cover for a cylindrical opening of the rotary tubular furnace 9. In particular, the rotary tubular furnace 9 is not hermetically sealed by the front wall 54. A circumferential gap 55 remains between the front wall 54 and the rotary tubular furnace 9. The circumferential gap 55 allows an additional supply of air, in particular ambient air, into the rotary tubular furnace 9.

[0085] Burner 12 is arranged in the rotary tubular furnace 9 in such a particular way that its longitudinal axis 37 and the axis of rotation 29 of the rotary tubular furnace 9 coincide, that is, they are identical. Burner 12 is arranged concentrically to the rotary tubular furnace 9. Burner 12 is directly fixed to the rotary tubular furnace 9 and integrated into it, at least in part. In particular, the head of burner 52 and the flame of burner 13, generated by burner 12, are arranged, in particular completely, in the rotary tubular furnace 9.

[0086] Burner 12 has a burner structure 56 with which burner 12 is positioned underground. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the burner structure 56 is static, that is, immobile, in particular, fixed. The burner structure 56 can also be made movable, in particular along the longitudinal axis 37. For this purpose, the burner structure 56 may have rollers on its underside, which can Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 31 / 138 24 / 29 running, especially on tracks suitable for this purpose. An axial drive, in particular a pneumatic drive, is advantageous for repositioning burner 12.

[0087] Along the longitudinal axis 37 or the axis of rotation 29, the flame of the burner 13 has a length Lf and a diameter Df, oriented vertically in relation to it.

[0088] The rotary tubular furnace 9 has an internal diameter Di. Fire protection devices 57, fixed to the inner wall of the rotary tubular furnace 9, are present in the combustion zone 30. Due to the fire protection devices 57, there is a reduced internal diameter Dred in the combustion zone 30. The fire protection devices 47 extend in the axial direction, along a length La, which corresponds to the length of the combustion zone 30. It is important that the length La of the combustion zone 30 is greater than the length Lf of the burner flame 13, and that the burner 12 is arranged in such a way in the rotary tubular furnace 9 that the burner flame 13 is completely within the combustion zone 30, in particular in the axial direction with respect to the axis of rotation 29. It is also important that the diameter Df of the burner flame 13 is smaller than the reduced diameter Dred.Direct contact between the flame and the fire protection equipment is avoided 57.

[0089] In the heat transfer region 31, throwing plates 58 are arranged and, in particular, attached to the interior of the rotary tubular furnace 9. The throwing plates 58 are designed to be open and serve to produce a veil of material 59. It is particularly advantageous that the veil of material 59 be as dense as possible. It is possible to indirectly quantify the density of the veil of material 59, in particular by measuring the temperature of the exhaust gases. The lower the temperature of the exhaust gases, the greater the heat transfer to the material previously achieved. This means that the denser the veil of material 59, the lower the temperature of the exhaust gases and vice versa. The temperature of the exhaust gases results from the burner power, the Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 32 / 138 25 / 29 pre-dose power, that is, the mass flow rate of the material supplied to the rotary tubular furnace 9, as well as the material temperature. The material temperature serves, in particular, as an input variable for regulating the burner power. It has been found that it is advantageous if the exhaust gas temperature in the exemplary embodiment shown is at least 100 °C.

[0090] Naturally, depending on the material used, the burner 12 used or the fuel gases used, the exhaust gas temperature for monitoring the material veil 59 may assume other values.

[0091] The nozzle arrangement 47 is explained in more detail below, using Figures 3 to 5.

[0092] The nozzle arrangement 47 serves to inject gases into the burner 12, in particular into the burner head 52. According to the exemplary embodiment 16 shown, the nozzle arrangement 47 has several pairs of nozzles, which are arranged in an annular arrangement, in particular concentrically on the longitudinal axis 37 of the burner compartment 38. This annular arrangement has a median axis of arrangement 60 that coincides with the longitudinal axis 37. In the circumferential direction around the median axis of arrangement 60, the pairs of nozzles are spaced apart and, in particular, uniformly spaced from each other. Naturally, more or less than 16 pairs of nozzles may be present. In particular, the circumferential distances from each other may be selected differently and, in particular, as desired.

[0093] Each pair of nozzles includes a fuel gas nozzle 43 for injecting fuel gas into a combustion chamber 61 of the burner 12. Combustion chamber 61 is understood to be the region of the burner 12 surrounded by the burner head 52, which is facing the burner opening 12. The fuel gas nozzle is connected to the fuel gas distribution chamber 17, therefore it is in fluid connection with the fuel gas distribution chamber 17. The fuel gas distribution chamber 17 is designed in an annular shape relative to the longitudinal axis 37 of the burner compartment 38. The fuel gas nozzle 43 has an axis Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 33 / 138 26 / 29 longitudinal of the fuel gas nozzle 62, which is arranged with an angle of inclination n with respect to the longitudinal axis 37. In particular, the nozzle pairs are arranged with respect to the middle axis of arrangement 60 with the respective angle of inclination n in such a way that they intersect the longitudinal axes of the fuel gas nozzles 62. In particular, all the longitudinal axes of the fuel gas nozzles 62 are intersected at a common point P, which is specifically located on the middle axis of arrangement 60.

[0094] The fuel gas nozzle 43 is, in particular, an internal nozzle. The fuel gas nozzle 43 is arranged along the longitudinal axis of fuel gas nozzles 62, at least in sections, inside the secondary gas nozzle 46.

[0095] Each pair of nozzles also includes a secondary gas nozzle 46 for injecting secondary gas into the combustion chamber 61. The secondary gas nozzle 46 is designed to be substantially cylindrical and hollow and, in particular, arranged concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle 62. In particular, the secondary gas nozzle 46 is designed as a single piece and, in particular, as a cylinder sleeve.

[0096] The secondary gas nozzle 46 is connected to the secondary gas distribution chamber 45. The secondary gas distribution chamber 45 extends in an annular shape relative to the longitudinal axis 37 of the burner compartment 38. It is important that the secondary gas distribution chamber 45 be designed separately from the fuel gas distribution chamber 17.

[0097] In the circumferential direction of the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle 62, the secondary gas nozzle 46 completely surrounds the fuel gas nozzle 43. The secondary gas nozzle 46 forms an outer nozzle that is arranged like a sleeve around the fuel gas nozzle 43. The secondary gas nozzle 46 is arranged at an axial distance from the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle 62 by a side wall 63 of the fuel gas distribution chamber 17. This spaced arrangement provides Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 34 / 138 27 / 29 a single flow slot between the side wall 63 and the front opening 64, facing the secondary gas distribution chamber 45 of the secondary gas nozzle 46.

[0098] The fuel gas nozzle 43 has a fuel gas outlet opening 65, which is located in the secondary gas nozzle 46. In this way, a pre-mixing of the fuel gas with the secondary gas can occur in the secondary gas nozzle 46.

[0099] In particular, the fuel gas outlet opening 65 is arranged, with an opening distance A, oriented along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzles 62 in relation to a secondary gas outlet opening 66 of the secondary gas nozzle 46. The opening distance A is at least 10% in relation to a length Ls of the secondary gas nozzle 46.

[0100] The fuel gas nozzle 43 has a narrowing section 67 and a subsequent contact section 68 along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle 62. The narrowing section 67 faces the fuel gas distribution chamber 17. In particular, the fuel gas nozzle 43 is designed as a single piece.

[0101] The cross-sectional surface of the fuel gas nozzle 43 is reduced in the narrowing section, along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle 62. The reduction of the cross-sectional surface is particularly regressive, but can also be linear. The outer contour of the narrowing section 47 is designed to be concave or conical, correspondingly. The cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle 62 is particularly round, but can also have other shapes, in particular oval or polygonal.

[0102] The constant section is designed to be particularly cylindrical. It is important that the transition from the narrowing section to the constant section be carried out continuously and, in particular, without edges.

[0103] The fuel gas nozzle 43 is made in the shape of a funnel or in the shape of a trumpet head. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 35 / 138 28 / 29

[0104] The minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the narrowing section 67 is at most 50% of the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the narrowing section 67.

[0105] Next, the operation of installation 1, in particular the function of burner 12 with nozzle arrangement 47, is explained in more detail.

[0106] In the first device 2, the material is supplied by the material inlet 10 of the rotary tubular furnace 9 and transported through the rotary tubular furnace 9 along the material transport direction 20. In the heat transfer area 21, a thicker, continuous and homogeneous material veil 59 is generated with the throwing plates 58, so that the material is arranged inside the rotary tubular furnace 9 with a very large surface area. The material is heated by means of flame convection from the burner 13, whereby the flame of the burner 13 is directly placed in the rotary tubular furnace 9.

[0107] The flame of burner 13 is generated by burner 12, which is operated with hydrogen as fuel gas. The addition of secondary gas, in particular exhaust gases and / or recirculated inert gas, can retard the combustion of hydrogen gas. This reduces the displacement of fuel gas by volume. High-temperature zones are avoided. In particular, it is ensured that high-temperature zones are arranged exclusively within the combustion zone 30.

[0108] An advantageous injection of fuel gas, on the one hand, and secondary gases, on the other hand, occurs through the nozzle arrangement 47 shown in Figures 3 to 5. The fuel gas, in particular hydrogen, is supplied to burner 12 by the fuel gas distribution chamber 17 and injected by the fuel gas nozzles 43.Due to the special embodiment of the fuel gas nozzle 43, in particular with the narrowing section 67, the fuel gas is advantageously drawn in and released through the outlet opening of the fuel gas nozzle 65 with a comparatively high injection speed. The fuel gas is delivered by the secondary gas nozzle 46, which draws secondary gas from the secondary gas distribution chamber 45 through the opening. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 36 / 138 29 / 29 front 64. The suction speed of the secondary gas is lower than the injection speed of the fuel gas. This difference in speed between the fuel gas and the secondary gas results in an improved mixture of the fuel gas with the secondary gas. The mixture is carried out, in particular, inside the secondary gas nozzle 46. The secondary gas nozzle 46 forms a mixing chamber to mix fuel gas and secondary gas. It is also advantageous that the fuel gas is injected centrally, i.e., concentrically in the secondary gas nozzle 46.

[0109] The addition of secondary gas, in particular purified exhaust gases and / or inert gas, reduces high temperature zones and therefore the formation of nitrogen oxide.

[0110] In particular, the nozzle arrangement according to the invention ensures an advantageous mixture of fuel gas and secondary gas, in particular before the fuel gas comes into contact with the combustion air in the combustion chamber 61. The fluid streams are shown schematically in Figure 5. Stream arrows 69 indicate fuel gas, stream arrows 70 indicate secondary gas, stream arrows 71 indicate primary air, and stream arrows 72 indicate secondary air. Petition 870250086022, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, p. 37 / 138

Claims

1 / 3 CLAIMS 1. Nozzle arrangement for a burner (12) characterized in that the nozzle arrangement comprises at least one pair of nozzles (43, 46) with a. a fuel gas nozzle (43) comprising a longitudinal axis of fuel gas nozzle (62) for fuel gas injection, wherein the fuel gas nozzle (43) is connected to a fuel gas distribution mechanism (17), b. a secondary gas nozzle (46) for secondary gas injection, wherein the secondary gas nozzle (46) is connected to a secondary gas distribution mechanism (45), wherein the fuel gas nozzle (43) is arranged along the longitudinal axis of fuel gas nozzles (62), at least partially within the secondary gas nozzle (46), wherein the secondary gas nozzle (46) encircles the fuel gas nozzle (43) in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis of fuel gas nozzle (62).

2. Nozzle arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel gas nozzle (43) has a fuel gas outlet opening (65) which is disposed within the secondary gas nozzle (46).

3. Nozzle arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the fuel gas outlet opening (65) is arranged, with an opening distance (A), oriented along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzles (62) in relation to a secondary gas outlet opening (66) of the secondary gas nozzle (46).

4. Nozzle arrangement, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel gas nozzle (43) has a narrowing section (67) and a constant section (68) adjacent along the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle (62).

5. Nozzle arrangement according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that a minimum cross-sectional surface of the narrowing section (67) is at most 50% of a maximum cross-sectional surface of the narrowing section (67).

6. Nozzle arrangement, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary gas nozzle (46) is disposed away from the fuel gas distribution mechanism (17) relative to the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle (62).

7. Nozzle arrangement, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary gas nozzle (46) is designed cylindrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle (62).

8. Nozzle arrangement, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the secondary gas nozzle (46) is arranged concentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fuel gas nozzle (62).

9. Nozzle arrangement, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that several pairs of nozzles are arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction around a median arrangement axis (60).

10. Nozzle arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the longitudinal axes of fuel gas nozzles (62) are each arranged with an angle of inclination (n) relative to the arrangement median axis (60), wherein the longitudinal axes of fuel gas nozzles (62) intersect, in particular, at a common point (P), in particular on the arrangement median axis (60).

11. Burner characterized in that it has a. a burner compartment (38) comprising a burner head (52) and a combustion chamber (61), b. a suction chamber (39) for sucking air, c. an arrangement of nozzles disposed in the burner compartment (38), Petition 870250086022, dated 23 / 09 / 2025, page 39 / 138 3 / 3 as defined in any of the preceding claims.

12. Burner, according to claim 11, characterized in that the burner head (52) is surrounded by a cooling cone (49), in which an annular gap (53) is formed between the cooling cone (49) and the burner head (52).

13. Burner, according to claim 12, characterized in that the secondary gas nozzle (46) crosses the annular slot (53).

14. Burner, according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the fuel gas distribution mechanism (17) and / or the secondary gas distribution mechanism (45) are arranged on an external side of the burner compartment (38).

15. Burner, according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the secondary gas nozzle (46) opens, in particular, directly into the combustion chamber (61). Petition 870250086022, dated 23 / 09 / 2025, p. 40 / 138

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