Measurement configurations and issuance of reports dependent on altitude

Description

1 / 94 Altitude-Dependent Measurement and Reporting Settings CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED DEPOSIT REQUESTS

[001] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 493,994, entitled ALTITUDE-DEPENDENT MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING CONFIGURATIONS, filed April 3, 2023, and of U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 18 / 603,050, entitled ALTITUDE-DEPENDENT MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING CONFIGURATIONS, filed March 12, 2024, which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] This disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to wireless communications using signal measurements. INTRODUCTION

[003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, message exchange, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 315 / 434 2 / 94 single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA) systems and time-division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in several telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. One example of a telecommunications standard is the fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) – 5G NR. 5G NR is part of an ongoing evolution of mobile broadband enacted by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC).Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the long-term evolution (LTE) 4G standard. There is a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that employ such technologies. BRIEF SUMMARY

[005] The following description presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all aspects covered. This summary does not identify the key or critical elements of all aspects. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 316 / 434 3 / 94 does not delimit the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[006] In one aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus, which may be user equipment (UE), is configured to receive, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs). The apparatus is also configured to measure an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and an altitude of the UE.

[007] In one aspect, the method includes receiving, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. The method also includes measuring an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and an UE altitude.

[008] In another aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable means and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus is configured to set up, for a UE, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. The apparatus is also configured to provide the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration.

[009] In this aspect, the method includes configuring, for a UE, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 317 / 434 4 / 94 The method also includes providing the set of SSBs specified in the measurement object configuration.

[010] For the purposes of the foregoing and related purposes, the one or more aspects may include the attributes described hereinafter in full and particularly indicated in the claims. The following description and drawings detail certain illustrative attributes of the one or more aspects. These attributes are indicative, however, of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[011] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[012] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[013] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels in a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[014] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[015] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels in a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[016] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user device (UE) in an access network.

[017] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example communication system having UEs located at different heights or altitudes.

[018] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating examples of measurements of Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 318 / 434 5 / 94 beams for synchronization signal block bursts (SSB), in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[019] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an information element (IE) of a measurement object, according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[020] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a machine type communication (MTC) IE, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[021] Figure 8 is a call flow diagram for wireless communications, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[022] Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating example configurations for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting, in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure.

[023] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting, in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure.

[024] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting, in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure.

[025] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example configuration for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting, in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure.

[026] Figure 13 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[027] Figure 14 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[028] Figure 15 is a flowchart of a method of communication without Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 319 / 434 6 / 94 thread, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[029] Figure 16 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[030] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network device and / or entity.

[031] Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity.

[032] Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[033] Wireless communication networks, such as a 4G LTE network, a 5G NR network, etc., can enable directional communication beam measurements by UEs, for example, for beam management and / or mobility operations. In a 5G NR network, as an example, a given physical cell can exchange wireless communication via multiple beams and a UE can measure multiple SSBs from the cell. The settings for such measurements can be called the measurement object configured for the UE and may include a bitmap (ssb-ToMeasure) that indicates a set of SSBs to measure within a measurement duration of the SSB measurement time configuration (SMTC - SSB measurement time configuration).The ssb-ToMeasure parameter can include a single bitmap in a measurement object for SSB measurements for mobility determinations (e.g., which can be referred to as an SSBConfigMobility object) and can be applied to measurements in multiple measurement configurations, e.g., smtc and smtc2, for a given measurement object (e.g., which can be called measObjectNR).

[034] However, multiple configurations of the measurement object for Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 320 / 434 7 / 94 a given SSB frequency (e.g., which may be called ssbFrequency) may not be enabled or allowed for a group of cells. For example, some wireless networks may be implemented to ensure that, in the measurement configuration (which may be called measConfig) associated with a configured lease (CG - configured lease): (1) for all SSB-based measurements, there is at most one measurement object with the same ssbFrequency; and / or (2) an smtc1 included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value and that an smtc2 included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value and that an smtc3list included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value and that an smtc3list included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value.Aspects of the present invention enable SMTCs with flexibility that allows an UE (e.g., an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)) to measure a first set of beams (or ordered pairs of [cell, beam]) at one altitude range (e.g., below or at level with interference) and a different set of beams at a different altitude range (e.g., above a certain altitude where line of sight (LOS) is generally expected), including for different cells. The altitude range, or threshold or altitude parameter, for the SSBs to be measured enables the network to configure the UE to perform more efficient measurements by taking into account the potential for different UE altitudes.

[035] Several aspects relate, in general, to wireless communication systems and measurement operations for wireless devices. Some aspects relate, more specifically, to altitude-dependent measurement configurations and reporting. In one example, a UE may receive, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, where the Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 321 / 434 8 / 94 The measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. The UE can also measure an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and an altitude of the UE. In another example, a network node (e.g., a base station, gNB, etc.) can configure, for a UE, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. The network node can also provide the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration.

[036] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by enabling altitude-specific measurement settings for synchronization signals, the techniques described may be used to improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE. In some examples, by enabling altitude-specific measurement settings with altitude ranges / intervals for synchronization signals, the techniques described may be used to improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude, for example, for UAVs.In some examples, by enabling altitude-specific measurement settings with SSB-MTC lists on measurement objects, the techniques described can be used to provide SSB-MTC sub-settings where each element of the SSB-MTC lists flexibly allows altitude ranges for flexibility and accuracy of positioning and mobility measurements on a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude.

[037] The detailed description presented below, together with the drawings, describes various configurations and does not represent the only ones. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 322 / 434 9 / 94 configurations in which the concepts described in the present invention can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details with the aim of providing a complete understanding of various concepts. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[038] Several aspects of telecommunications systems are presented with reference to various devices and methods. These devices and methods are described in the detailed description below and are illustrated in the attached drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively called elements). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements will be implemented in the form of hardware or software will depend on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[039] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a processing system that includes one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors can perform the functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 323 / 434 10 / 94 programmable gate arrays), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, controlled logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware components configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable parts, execution threads, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[040] Consequently, in one or more aspects, implementations, and / or example use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code in a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer.By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of computer-readable media types, or any other media that can be used to store executable code. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 324 / 434 11 / 94 computer in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[041] Although aspects, implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by way of illustration for some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, implementations and / or use cases described in the present invention may be implemented through different types of platforms, devices, systems, formats, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, the aspects, implementations and / or use cases may occur via embedded chip implementations and other non-modular component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / shopping devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI) enabled devices, etc.).Although some examples may or may not specifically refer to use cases or applications, a wide variety of applicability of the described examples may occur. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may vary from a spectrum of chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations and, additionally, to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems that incorporate one or more techniques described in the present invention. In some practical environments, devices incorporating the described aspects and attributes may also include additional components and attributes for the implementation and practice of the claimed and described aspect. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include various components for analog or digital purposes (e.g., Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 325 / 434 12 / 94 example, hardware components including antenna, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor(s), interleaver, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described in the present invention can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes and constitutions.

[042] The deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be arranged in multiple ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a network mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or network equipment, such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR base station, a 5G base station, an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station.

[043] An aggregated base station can be configured to use a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated into a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station can be configured to use a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs)). Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 326 / 434 13 / 94 or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, a CU can be implemented at a RAN node and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU or, alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can be implemented as virtual units, that is, a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[044] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as the O-RAN alliance-sponsored network configuration), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN), also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units in multiple physical locations, as well as distributing functionality to at least one unit virtually, which may enable flexibility in network design.The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[045] Figure 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may be Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 327 / 434 14 / 94 communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link or indirectly with the core network 120 via one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link or a non-real-time (non RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105 or both). A CU 110 can communicate with one or more DUs 130 via their respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. DUs 130 can communicate with one or more RUs 140 via their respective fronthaul links. RUs 140 can communicate with their respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, UE 104 can be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[046] Each of the units, that is, the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, as well as the near-RT RICs 125, the non-RT RICs 115 and the SMO structure 105, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the units' communication interfaces, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals through a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units.Additionally, the units may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, through a wireless transmission medium. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 328 / 434 15 / 94 thread for one or more of the other units.

[047] In some respects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher-layer control functions. These control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or similar functions. Each control function may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit - user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit - control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units.The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an E1 interface, when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as needed, for network control and signaling.

[048] A DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some respects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical layers (PHY) (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, or the like), depending at least on Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 329 / 434 16 / 94 in part, from a functional division, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some respects, the DU 130 can additionally host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[049] Lower layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, an RU 140, controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT inverse FFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on functional splitting, as a lower layer functional split. In this architecture, the RU(s) 140 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user communication with the RU(s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130.In some scenarios, this configuration may enable DU 130 and CU 110 to be deployed in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[050] The SMO 105 framework can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO 105 framework can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that can be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 330 / 434 17 / 94 virtualized network elements, the SMO 105 framework can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). These virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140, and near-RT RICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO 105 framework may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO 105 framework may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an O1 interface. The SMO 105 framework can also include a non-RT 115 RIC configured to support the functionality of the SMO 105 framework.

[051] The non-RT 115 RIC can be configured to include a logic function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) workflows including model training and updates, or application / attribute-based guidance on the near-RT 125 RIC. The non-RT 115 RIC can be coupled to, or communicate with (as via an A1 interface), the near-RT 125 RIC. The near-RT 125 RIC can be configured to include a logic function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via actions and data collection over an interface (as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more 110 CUs, one or more 130 DUs, or both, as well as an O-eNB, to the near-RT 125 RIC.

[052] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed on the RIC near RT 125, the RIC not at RT 115 may receive, from Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 331 / 434 18 / 94 external servers, parameters, or external enrichment information. This information can be used by the near-RT 125 RIC and can be received in the SMO 105 framework or the non-RT 115 RIC from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT 115 RIC or the near-RT 125 RIC can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT 115 RIC can monitor long-term performance trends and patterns and employ AI / ML models to take corrective actions through the SMO 105 framework (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via the creation of RAN management guidelines (such as A1 guidelines).

[053] At least one of the CU 110, DU 130 and RU 140 can be called a base station 102. Consequently, a base station 102 can include one or more of the CU 110, DU 130 and RU 140 (each component indicated with dashed lines to signify that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for a UE 104. The base station 102 can include macrocells (high-power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femtocells, picocells and microcells. A network that includes both small cells and macrocells can be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home evolved NodeBs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may provide services to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).Communication links between RU 140s and UE 104s may include uplink (UL) transmissions (also called reverse link) from a UE 104 to an RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) transmissions (also called forward link). Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 332 / 434 19 / 94 from a RU 140 to a UE 104. Communication links may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmission diversity. Communication links may be through one or more carriers. Base stations 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) of bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetrical with respect to DL and UL transmissions (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL relative to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers.A primary component carrier can be called a primary cell (PCell), and a secondary component carrier can be called a secondary cell (SCell).

[054] Certain UEs 104 can communicate with each other using the device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 can use the DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 333 / 434 20 / 94 such as, for example, Bluetooth™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)), Wi-Fi™ (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance) based on the 802.11 standard of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), LTE or NR.

[055] The wireless communication system may additionally include a Wi-Fi AP 150 communicating with UEs 104 (also called Wi-Fi stations (STAs)) via communication link 154, for example, in an unlicensed 5 GHz frequency spectrum or similar. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) before communication to determine if the channel is available.

[056] The electromagnetic spectrum is frequently subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands were identified as the frequency band designations FR1 (from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is frequently (interchangeably) referred to as a sub-6 GHz band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes arises with regard to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as a millimeter wave band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) that is identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a millimeter wave band.

[057] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often called mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified a Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 334 / 434 21 / 94 operating band for these mid-band frequencies as a frequency band designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling under FR3 can inherit the characteristics of FR1 and / or the characteristics of FR2 and, in this way, can effectively extend the attributes of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency band designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands is in the EHF band.

[058] With the above aspects in mind, except where specifically stated otherwise, the term sub-6 GHz or similar, if used in the present invention, may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Additionally, except where specifically stated otherwise, the term millimeter wave or similar, if used in the present invention, may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2 and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[059] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit a beamforming signal to UE 104 in one or more transmission directions. UE 104 may receive the beamforming signal from base station 102 in one or more reception directions. UE 104 may also transmit a beamforming signal to base station 102 in one or more transmission directions. Base station 102 may receive the signal Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 335 / 434 22 / 94 formed by beam from UE 104 in one or more reception directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 can perform beam training to determine the best reception and transmission directions for each of the base stations 102 / UE 104. The transmission and reception directions of base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmission and reception directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[060] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a NodeB, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a base radio station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a TRP, a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul node (IAB), a relay node, a side link node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or an RU. The set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations, can be called a next-generation (NG) RAN.

[061] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 336 / 434 23 / 94 120. AMF 161 supports record management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports authentication and key agreement (AKA) credential generation, user identification handling, access authorization, and signature management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166.However, in general, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE), a mobile location serving center (SMLC), a mobile positioning center (MPC), or similar. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute the position of UE 104. The NG-RAN may use one or more positioning methods to determine the position of UE 104.The positioning of UE 104 may involve signal measurements, a position estimate, and an optional velocity calculation based on the measurements. Signal measurements may be made by UE 104 and / or by base station 102 serving UE 104. The measured signals may be based on one or more satellite positioning systems (SPS) 170 (for example, one or more of a Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 337 / 434 24 / 94 global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or other satellite positioning / location system), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time positioning, DL angle-of-departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA)),UL time-of-arrival difference (UL-TDOA) and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[062] Examples of UEs 104 include a mobile phone, a smartphone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a fuel pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similarly functioning device. Some UEs 104 may be called IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, fuel pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc.). UE 104 may also be called a station, a Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 338 / 434 25 / 94 mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more complementary devices, such as in a constellation arrangement of devices. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or access the network individually. In aspects, a UE in the present invention, for example, UEs 104, may be, or may be associated with, a UAV.

[063] Referring again to Figure 1, in certain respects, UE 104 may have an altitude-based measurement component 198 (component 198) that can be configured to receive, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. Component 198 can also be configured to measure each SSB associated with one or more cell identifiers based on the absence of a corresponding set of SSBs for the additional altitude parameter in the SMTC. Component 198 can be configured to obtain the UE altitude. To obtain the UE altitude, component 198 can be configured to measure the UE altitude based on information received from the UE and / or receive an indication of the UE altitude from the network node or a network entity.Component 198 can be configured to report each SSB measured in the SSB set for at least one physical cell at the UE altitude, based on a reporting configuration that is associated with the altitude. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 339 / 434 26 / 94 of the UE and at least one of the altitude, location, speed, or velocity of the UE. In certain aspects, base station 102 may have an altitude-based measurement component 199 (component 199) that can be configured to set up, for a UE, a measurement object configuration, wherein the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. Component 199 can also be configured to provide the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration. Component 199 can be configured to obtain an altitude from the UE. Component 199 can be configured to measure the altitude of the UE based on information received from the UE. Component 199 can be configured to transmit, to the UE, an indication of the UE's altitude. Consequently, aspects of the present invention provide additional flexibility for beam measurements beyond what is provided in current solutions.Aspects of the present invention enable SMTCs with flexibility that allows a UE (e.g., a UAV) to measure a first set of beams (or ordered pairs of [cell, beam]) at one altitude range (e.g., below or at level with interference) and a different set of beams at a different altitude range (e.g., above a certain altitude where line of sight (LOS) is generally expected), including for different cells and / or different beams for different altitude ranges / intervals.

[064] Figure 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe in a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels in a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe in a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels in a 5G NR subframe. A Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 340 / 434 27 / 94 The 5G NR frame structure can be frequency division duplexed (FDD), where, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes in the subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or it can be time division duplexed (TDD), where, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes in the subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL. In the examples provided by Figures 2A, 2C, it is assumed that the 5G NR frame structure is TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot 28 format (mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL and F is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot 1 format (all UL).Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown with slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0 through 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are fully DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2 through 61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically via DL control information (DCI), or semi-statically / statically via radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI). It should be mentioned that the description below also applies to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.

[065] Figures 2A to 2D illustrate a frame structure, and aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies, which may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 subframes of Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 341 / 434 28 / 94 same size (1 ms). Each subframe can include one or more time slots. Subframes can also include mini-slots, which can contain 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot can contain 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot can contain 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot can contain 12 symbols. The symbols in the DL can be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols in the UL can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-sOFDM) symbols (for power-limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission). The number of slots in a sub-frame is based on the CP and numerology.Numerology defines subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). Symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS. μ SCS Δ / = 2μ · 15[kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 2 60 Normal, extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal 5 480 Normal 6 960 Normal Table 1: Numerology, SCS and CP

[066] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different numerologies μ 0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For extended CP, numerology 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Consequently, for normal CP and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ slots / subframe. The spacing between subcarriers can be equal to 2μ * 15 kHz, where μ is the Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 342 / 434 29 / 94 numerology from 0 to 4. Thus, numerology μ = 0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and numerology μ = 4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D provide an example of a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. In a frameset, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see Figure 2B) that are frequency-division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended).

[067] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also called physical resource blocks (PRBs)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[068] As illustrated in Figure 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS - reference signal) for the UE. RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS - demodulation RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS - channel state information reference signals) for channel estimation in the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS - beam measurement reference signal), beam refinement RS (BRRS - beam refinement reference signal) and phase tracking RS (PT-RS - phase tracking reference signal).

[069] Figure 2B illustrates an example of multiple DL channels within a Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 343 / 434 30 / 94 subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) ports DCI in one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), where each CCE includes six resource element groups (REGs), and each REG includes 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH in a BWP can be called a control resource set (CORESET). A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions in the CORESET, where PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different levels of aggregation. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies in the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame.The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine the subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the DM-RS locations. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), which carries a master information block (MIB), can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal / PBCH block (also called an SS block (SSB)).The MIB provides multiple RBs in the system bandwidth and a number of... Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 344 / 434 31 / 94 system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data and broadcasts system information not transmitted through the PBCH, such as system information blocks (SIBs) and paging messages.

[070] As illustrated in Figure 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (shown as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS to the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS to the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The DM-RS from PUSCH can be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The DM-RS from PUCCH can be transmitted in different configurations, depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE can transmit sounding reference signals (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and a UE can transmit the SRS in one of the combs.The SRS can be used by a base station to estimate channel quality in order to enable frequency-dependent scheduling in the UL.

[071] Figure 2D illustrates an example of multiple UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH can be located as indicated in a configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and feedback. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 345 / 434 32 / 94 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carrier can also be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or a UTI.

[072] Figure 3 is a block diagram of a 310 base station communicating with a 350 UE in an access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to a 375 controller / processor. The 375 controller / processor implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes a Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.The 375 controller / processor provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcast transmission of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and metering configuration for UE metering report generation; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; and RLC layer functionality associated with packet data unit (PDU) transfer. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 346 / 434 33 / 94 units) of the upper layer, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs into transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling of information report issuance, error correction through HARQ, priority handling and logical channel prioritization.

[073] The TX (transmit) processor 316 and the RX (receive) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical layer (PHY), may include error detection in transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of transport channels, interleaving, rate correlation, mapping to physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and antenna processing for MIMO.The TX 316 processor handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), multilevel phase-shift keying (M-PSK), and multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined for use. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 347 / 434 34 / 94 of an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain stream of OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate can be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by UE 350. Each spatial stream can then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx can modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[074] In UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx retrieves information modulated on an RF carrier and provides the information to the receiving processor (RX) 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement the Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing of the information to retrieve any spatial streams destined for UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 350, they can be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Then, the RX processor 356 converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal.The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation points most likely transmitted by base station 310. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 348 / 434 35 / 94 These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[075] The 359 controller / processor may be associated with at least one 360 ​​memory (also at least one 360 ​​memory) that stores program codes and data. The 360 ​​memory may be referred to as computer-readable media. In the UL, the 359 controller / processor provides demultiplexing between transport and logic channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The 359 controller / processor is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[076] Similar to the functionality described in connection with DL transmission by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with the acquisition of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper-layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs into TBs, demultiplexing of SDUs. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 349 / 434 36 / 94 MAC from TBs, scheduling of information report generation, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[077] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference or feedback signal transmitted by the base station 310 can be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to a different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx can modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[078] The UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function in UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx retrieves information modulated on an RF carrier and provides the information to an RX processor 370.

[079] The 375 controller / processor may be associated with a 376 memory (also at least one 376 memory) that stores program codes and data. The 376 memory may be referred to as computer-readable media. In the UL, the 375 controller / processor provides demultiplexing between transport and logic channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The 375 controller / processor is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[080] At least one of the TX 368 processor, the RX 356 processor, and the 359 controller / processor can be configured to perform Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 350 / 434 37 / 94 aspects in connection with component 198 of Figure 1. At least one of the TX 316 processor, the RX 370 processor, and the controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform aspects in connection with component 199 of Figure 1.

[081] Among other examples, a UE may include a UAV or may be associated with a UAV. UAVs may include drones or other aircraft and may include aircraft without a human pilot on board. In some respects, UAVs may be operated remotely or autonomously based on a set of instructions and may comprise sensors, cameras, and other instruments, such as, but not limited to, a UE. UAVs are used for various applications such as surveillance, wildlife conservation, disaster relief, delivery services, and aerial photography. They offer advantages such as the ability to reach hard-to-access places. UAVs can reach different heights (i.e., which may be interchangeably referred to as altitude(s)) that ground-based UEs are unable to access. UAVs can fly in the air at different altitudes, and UAVs comprising a UE may cause interference to or from other distant UEs due to a line-of-sight channel.However, UAVs that comprise a UE and are on the ground can cause interference, to a lesser degree than UAVs flying in the air, to or from other distant UEs due to a non-line-of-sight channel.

[082] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a 400 communication system in which a network node, such as a 402 base station, communicates with multiple UEs (e.g., UE 416, 406, and 418) at various heights relative to a 404 ground level (e.g., altitude(s)). Figure 4 illustrates that UE 406 and UE 418 may be a UAV or may be located on a UAV or other aircraft. In some respects, the 402 base station may be located at or near a 404 ground level and may also communicate with one or more 416 UEs that Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 351 / 434 38 / 94 are also located at or near ground level 404. UE 406 may be located (e.g., traveling or flying) in the air, such that UE 406 is at a height, elevation, or altitude 408 above ground level 404. UE 418 may be at altitude 409. Figure 4 illustrates that UE 406 can exchange communication 414 with base station 402, and UE 418 can exchange communication 424 with base station 402. UE 416 can exchange communication 420 with base station 402. The base station may transmit communication using one or more directional beams 405, for example, as described in connection with 182 in Figure 1. Base station 402 may transmit signals on the beams 405 for UEs to perform synchronization or other measurements, such as for beam management or mobility. For example, base station 402 can transmit SSBs on beams 405, and the UEs (e.g., 406, 416, and 418) can measure one or more of the SSBs transmitted by base station 402.

[083] Figure 5 is a 500 diagram illustrating examples of beam measurements for SSB bursts (e.g., a group of SSB transmissions) in various aspects. A base station can provide a UE with an SSB measurement time configuration (also called SMTC in the present invention) for the UE to use in performing beam measurements, for example, for mobility. In aspects, physical broadcast channel block (PBCH) configurations can be implemented analogously.

[084] In the example illustrated for diagram 500, an A 502 cell and a B 504 cell are shown as examples. The A 502 cell can be a server cell and the B 504 cell can be a neighboring cell of a UE 516 to which SSBs can be provided / transmitted. As shown, the A 502 cell has four SSBs in a SS 506 burst set with a periodicity of SSB 510, and the B 504 cell can have eight SSBs in a SS 508 burst set, which are provided / transmitted to the UE 516. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 352 / 434 39 / 94

[085] In some respects, the SSB 510 periodicity for the SS 506 burst set can be 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms and / or similar, but when the UE 516 is in a connected mode, the UE 516 may not measure with this periodicity and the appropriate measurement periodicity can be configured according to the channel conditions. This can avoid unnecessary measurements and save UE 516 power. An SMTC 512 window with an SMTC 514 window periodicity can be used to notify the UE 516 about the periodicity and timing of the SSBs with which the UE 516 can be authorized to use for cell quality measurements, mobility events, etc. It may also not be allowed for the UE 516 to monitor SSBs outside the SMTC 512 window.Thus, the network (e.g., cell A 502) can appropriately define the SMTC 512 window and a measurement gap length based on the SSB 510 periodicity of the SSB 506 burst set for corresponding measurement objects (e.g., measObject).

[086] Figure 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example of a measurement object IE to configure a measurement object for the UE (e.g., as UE 406, 416, or 418), in several aspects. In aspects, diagram 600 can represent a measurement object IE. In the illustrated aspect, a UE can be configured to set the first SMTC (also SS / PBCH block measurement timing configuration) according to a received periodicityAndOffset parameter (providing periodicity and offset values ​​for the following condition) in the smtc1 configuration. The first subframe of each SMTC occasion occurs in a number of system frames (SFN) and SpCell subframes (e.g., a combination of protocols and / or hardware) meeting the following condition: SFN mod T = (FLOOR (Offset / 10)); If the Periodicity is greater than sf5: Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 353 / 434 40 / 94 subframe = Offset mod 10; or: subframe = Offset or (Offset +5); with T = CEIL(Periodicity / 10).

[087] If smtc2 is present, for cells indicated in the pciList parameter in smtc2 in the same measurement object, the UE can define an additional SS / PBCH block measurement timing configuration (e.g., SMTC) according to the periodicity parameter received in the smtc2 configuration and use the Offset parameter (derived from the periodicityAndOffset parameter) and duration of the smtc1 configuration. The first subframe of each SMTC occasion can occur in an SFN and SpCell subframe that meets the above condition.

[088] If smtc2-LP is present, for cells indicated in the PCI list (e.g., pci-List parameter) in smtc2-LP at the same frequency (for intra-frequency cell re-selection) or different frequency (for inter-frequency cell re-selection), the UE can set an additional SS / PBCH block measurement timing configuration (e.g., SMTC) according to the periodicity parameter received in the smtc2-LP configuration and use the Offset parameter (e.g., derived from the periodicityAndOffset parameter) and duration of the smtc configuration for that frequency. The first subframe of each SMTC occasion can occur in an SFN and subframe of the SpCell or server cell (e.g., for cell re-selection) meeting the above condition.

[089] If smtc3list is present, for cells indicated in the pci-List parameter in each SSB-MTC3 element of the list in the same measurement object, the IAB-MT antenna can configure an additional SSB measurement timing setting according to the received periodicityAndOffset parameter (by Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 354 / 434 41 / 94 example, using the same condition as smtcl to identify the SFN and subframe for the SMTC occasion) in each SSB-MTC3 configuration and using the duration and ssb-ToMeasure parameters from each SSB-MTC3 configuration.

[090] If smtc4list is present, for cells indicated in the pci-List parameter in each SSB-MTC4 element of the list in the same measurement object, the UE can define an additional SS / PBCH block measurement timing setting (e.g., SMTC) according to the Offset parameter received in the smtc4 setting and use the periodicity (e.g., derived from the periodicityAndOffset parameter) and duration parameter of the smtc1 setting. The first subframe of each SMTC occasion can occur in an SFN and SpCell subframe that meets the above condition.

[091] Figure 7 is a 700 diagram illustrating an example of an IE MTC, in several respects. In respects, the 700 diagram may represent an IE SSBMTC. The 700 diagram may be an additional aspect of the 600 diagram in Figure 6. In respects, the 700 diagram may represent an IE SSB-MTC. In the aspect illustrated, a UE may be configured to define one or more lists of physical cell identifiers (PCIs), for example, a pci-LIST that may follow a given SMTC, as described for the 600 diagram, by way of example. Additionally, an additional list of PCIs may be provided that also follows the SMTC. However, this additional list of PCIs may not apply to the measurement object and is part of additional MIMO parameters in the SIB (for example, for an mTRP use case).

[092] A physical cell (e.g., a server cell, a neighboring cell, etc.) may have multiple beams, and a UE may measure multiple SSBs for mobility, positioning, and / or beam management, for example, as described in connection with Figure 4. The settings for such measurements may include a bitmap (in some respects, ssb-ToMeasure) that Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 355 / 434 42 / 94 indicates a set of SSBs for measurement within an SMTC measurement duration. The ssb-ToMeasure can include a single bitmap in an SSBConfigMobility object and can be applied to all measurements in configurations, for example, smtc and smtc2, for a given measurement object. However, multiple measurement object configurations for a given SSB frequency (ssbFrequency) may not be enabled or allowed for a cell group.For example, some wireless networks can be implemented to ensure that, in the measurement configuration (measConfig) associated with a configured lease (CG): (1) for all SSB-based measurements, there is at most one measurement object with the same SSB frequency (e.g., which can be called ssbFrequency); and / or (2) an smtc1 included in any measurement object with the same SSB frequency has the same value, and that an smtc2 included in any measurement object with the same SSB frequency has the same value, and that an smtc3list included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value, and that an smtc4list included in any measurement object with the same SSB frequency has the same value. However, for a given altitude range in which UE is present, additional flexibility for cell-specific beam measurements can improve beam measurements.Aspects of the present invention enable SMTCs with increased flexibility that allow an UE (e.g., an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or other type of UE) to measure a first set of beams (or ordered pairs (cell, beam)) based on an UE altitude. For example, the UE can measure the first set of beams at one altitude range (e.g., below or at level with interference) and a different set of beams at a different altitude range (e.g., above a certain altitude where line of sight (LOS) is generally expected). Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 356 / 434 43 / 94 inclusive for different cells. As an example, UE 406 in Figure 4 can measure a first set of beams (e.g., a subset 403 of beams 405) based on being above the altitude limit 410, and UE 418 can measure a second set of beams (e.g., subset 407 of beams 405) based on being below the altitude limit 410.

[093] Several aspects of the present invention for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement configurations for synchronization signals. By enabling altitude-specific measurement configurations with altitude ranges / intervals for synchronization signals, the various aspects improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude, for example, for UAVs.Additionally, several aspects provide SSB-MTC subconfigurations where each element of the SSBMTC lists flexibly allows altitude ranges for flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude through altitude-specific measurement configurations with SSB-MTC lists on measurement objects. Aspects of the present invention thus provide additional flexibility for beam measurements beyond what is provided in current solutions. Aspects of the present invention enable measurement object and / or SMTC configurations with flexibility that allows a UE (e.g., a UAV) to measure a first set of beams (or ordered pairs of [cell, beam]) in one altitude range (e.g., below or at level with interference) and a different set of beams in a different altitude range (e.g., above a certain altitude where the line of sight (LOS) Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 357 / 434 44 / 94 is generally expected), including for different cells and / or different beams for different altitude ranges / intervals. In some respects, the use of the term altitude can be equivalent to a height, an elevation and / or the like, and may be in the context of a relationship with the ground, sea level or some other reference.

[094] Figure 8 is an 800 call flow diagram for wireless communications, in several aspects. The 800 call flow diagram illustrates settings for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations by an UE (e.g., an 802 UE) that can communicate with a network node (an 804 base station, such as a gNB or other type of base station, by way of example, as shown). Aspects described for the 804 base station can be performed by the base station in an aggregated manner and / or by one or more components of the 804 base station in a disaggregated manner. Additionally or alternatively, aspects can be performed by the 802 UE autonomously, in addition to, and / or instead of, operations of the 804 base station. In some aspects, the 804 base station may correspond to the 402 base station in Figure 4 or may perform aspects similar to the 402 base station in Figure 4.

[095] In the aspect illustrated, base station 804 can configure (in 806) a measurement object and / or SMTC 808 configuration for UE 802, where the measurement object and / or SMTC 808 configuration indicates one or more altitude parameters (e.g., one or more minimum altitude values, one or more maximum altitude values, one or more threshold altitude values, one or more altitude ranges, and / or one or more hysteresis values) for one or more sets of SSBs. In aspects, a given altitude parameter can be associated with at least one cell identifier that corresponds to at least one physical cell. In aspects, each altitude range of one or more (by Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 358 / 434 45 / 94 example, multiple) altitude ranges can be associated with a corresponding set of at least one cell identifier and a corresponding set of SSBs (e.g., a subset of SSBs to be measured from the set of SSBs associated with at least one physical cell that falls within an SMTC window). The SMTC can include any of the aspects described in conjunction with Figure 7. In aspects, the measurement object and / or SMTC 808 configuration can include specific altitude flexibility added to a measurement object through altitude-specific SSB(s) indications for measurement. In aspects, this newly added specific altitude flexibility for measurement objects can be implemented in existing measurement objects. In aspects, new configurations for the measurement object and / or SMTC 808 configuration can include altitude ranges / intervals.In one example, different SSBs for measurement (e.g., ssb-ToMeasure) of different altitude ranges / intervals can be included in an SSB-MTC configuration of the measurement object configuration and / or SMTC 808. In another example, a new SSB-MTC list can be included in a measurement object, where each element of the new SSB-MTC list can represent an SSB-MTC subconfiguration with respective altitude range(s) / interval(s). In other words, a hysteresis value, which can define a hysteresis range, can be associated with an altitude range / interval boundary. Base station 804 can be configured to provide / transmit the measurement object configuration and / or SMTC 808 to UE 802.

[096] Base station 804 can also be configured to provide / transmit the set of SSBs to UE 802. Base station 804 can be a service / server cell or a neighboring cell, in aspects, and can be configured to transmit a number of SSBs 810 to UE 802 which includes Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 359 / 434 46 / 94 the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration and / or SMTC 808. In some aspects, different base stations can be configured to transmit different numbers of the SSBs 810 to the UE 802. A cell can be a physical cell with a corresponding PCI. In some aspects, at least one physical cell in a UE 802 environment can be a service / server cell and the measurement object configuration and / or SMTC 808 can be a service / server cell-specific SMTC. In some aspects, at least one physical cell in a UE 802 environment can include two or more physical cells (e.g., a service / server cell and a neighboring cell) and the measurement object configuration and / or SMTC 808 can configure the UE 802 for the physical cells, respectively, as described in the present invention.

[097] A UE can be configured to obtain the UE altitude, for example, by being configured to measure the UE altitude based on information received by the UE or to receive an indication of the UE altitude from the network node or a network entity. UE 802 can be configured to obtain the UE altitude. In aspects, to obtain the altitude, UE 802 can be configured to measure (in 812) the UE altitude based on information received by UE 802 and / or receive an indication of the UE altitude from the network node or a network entity (e.g., base station 804). Base station 804 can be configured to obtain the UE altitude. In aspects, to obtain the altitude, base station 804 can be configured to measure (similarly to 812) the UE altitude based on information received from UE 802 or another network node / entity. Base station 804 can be configured to provide an altitude indication from UE 802 to UE 802.The altitude of the UE 802 can be quantified relative to the ground, sea level, interference, and / or similar factors. The UE 802 can be configured to measure this. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 360 / 434 47 / 94 (in 812) an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs (e.g., from the number of SSBs 810 provided / transmitted from base station 804), which may be for at least one physical cell in aspects (e.g., a set of SSBs associated with one or more physical cells, such as during an SMTC window), based on the measurement object and / or SMTC configuration 808 and an UE altitude 802.

[098] UE 802 can be configured to report, for example, to base station 804, each measured SSB 814 in the set of SSBs (for example, from the number of SSBs 810 provided / transmitted from base station 804) to at least one physical cell at UE 802 altitude, based on a reporting configuration that is associated with UE 802 altitude and at least one of UE 802 altitude, location, speed, or velocity. In other words, UE 802 can be configured to report each measured SSB 814 to base station 804.

[099] As noted, aspects of the present invention provide additional flexibility for beam measurements beyond what is provided in current solutions. Aspects of the present invention enable SMTCs with flexibility that allows a UE (e.g., a UAV) to measure a first set of beams (or ordered pairs of [cell, beam]) at one altitude range (e.g., below or at level with interference) and a different set of beams at a different altitude range (e.g., above a certain altitude where LOS is generally expected), including for different cells and / or different beams for different altitude ranges / intervals. In this context, and with reference to Figure 8 described above, Figures 9 to 11 are described below.

[100] Figure 9 is a 900 diagram that illustrates example configurations for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting in various respects. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 361 / 434 48 / 94 Diagram 900 shows a UE 902 (which may be, or may be associated with, a UAV) that can be configured to communicate with network nodes / base stations (e.g., a gNB). For example, diagram 900 includes a first base station 904 (e.g., a service / server base station) from a first physical cell (Cell 1), a second base station 904' (e.g., a neighboring base station) from a second physical cell (Cell 2), and a third base station 904'' (e.g., a neighboring base station) from a third physical cell (Cell 3). Base stations can perform any of the aspects described in connection with base station 402 or 804. The aspects described in connection with Figure 9 can be performed by base station 402 or 804. The aspects illustrated in diagram 900 can be for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations (e.g., via SMTC) of UE 902, as described in the present invention.

[101] Diagram 900 illustrates an SMTC 914 that configures the UE 902 for three different altitude ranges / intervals, for example: an altitude range 906, an altitude range 908 and an altitude range 910. Although the aspects are described for ranges or intervals, the aspects can also be applied using one or more altitude thresholds. As shown for SMTC 914, altitude range 1 (e.g., altitude range 906) indicates that, for Cell 1, the UE 902 should measure SSBs 1, 2, 3; for Cell 2, the UE 902 should measure SSBs 3, 4, 5; And for Cell 3, UE 902 should measure SSB 2. As shown for SMTC 914, altitude range 2 (e.g., altitude range 908) indicates that, for Cell 1, UE 902 should measure SSBs 1, 2, 3; for Cell 2, UE 902 should measure SSBs 3, 4; and for Cell 3, UE 902 should measure SSBs 2, 6.As shown for SMTC 914, altitude range 3 (e.g., altitude range 910) indicates that for Cell 1, UE 902 should measure SSBs 1 and 2; for Cell 2, UE 902 should measure SSB 3; and for Cell 3, UE 902 should measure... Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 362 / 434 49 / 94 SSBs 2, 5, 8.

[102] The altitude range 906, altitude range 908 and / or altitude range 910 may be defined or limited by a minimum altitude value and / or a maximum altitude value, as described in the present invention (for example, in relation to Figures 10 to 12 described below). In aspects, where a minimum altitude value is not specified, it may be zero by default (or another pre-configured value); where a maximum altitude value is not specified, it may be infinite by default (or another pre-configured value). In the illustrated example of diagram 900, the minimum altitude value may be an altitude value of 1 (for example, the ground) and the maximum altitude value may be an altitude value of 2 for the altitude range 906 (for example, an altitude range below or at level with interference, such as buildings and / or other structures).In the illustrated example of diagram 900, the minimum altitude value could be altitude value 2 and the maximum altitude value could be altitude value 3 for altitude range 908 (e.g., an altitude range above most of the interference, such as buildings and / or other structures where LOS may be present). In the illustrated example of diagram 900, the minimum altitude value could be altitude value 3 and the maximum altitude value could be altitude value 4 for altitude range 910 (e.g., an altitude range above the interference, such as buildings and / or other structures where LOS can generally be expected).

[103] In some respects, the limits of altitude range 906, altitude range 908 and / or altitude range 910 may be associated with a hysteresis value that defines a hysteresis interval 912. That is, when crossing or operating at a UE 916 altitude near a boundary of an altitude range / interval, UE 902 may switch to a configuration for an adjacent altitude range / interval once outside the hysteresis interval 912, which may reduce Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 363 / 434 50 / 94 or eliminate ping-pong or oscillation between different configurations and save energy / provide consistent measurements for the UE 902. In terms of aspects, the hysteresis value can be a number of length units (e.g., 1 m, 2 m, etc.), a percentage of an altitude range / interval (e.g., 0.1%, 1%, 5%, etc.) and / or similar.

[104] The aspects presented in the present invention encompass any number of altitude ranges, SSBs for measurement, physical cells, hysteresis intervals / values, etc., and the aspects illustrated are provided by way of example.

[105] Figure 10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example configuration for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting in several respects. The configuration can be provided to UE 802 in 808, for example. As noted in the present invention, an SMTC can include altitude-specific flexibility added to a measurement object (e.g., which may be a measObjectNR or other measurement object) through altitude-specific SSB(s) indications for measurement. Diagram 1000 shows a portion of an SMTC (e.g., a measurement object IE) in which altitude-specific SSB(s) for measurement are included for a UE.

[106] For example, aspects provide that a measurement object of an SMTC may include specific altitude SSB(s) indications for measurement 1002. The specific altitude SSB(s) indication for measurement 1002 may refer to a series of altitude ranges 1004 for which an SMTC may configure a UE for one or more specific SSBs that must be measured by the UE. For each SSB for measurement 1008, an IE 1006 associated with an altitude range may be provided. The altitude range may be based on at least one of a minimum altitude value or a maximum altitude value. In aspects, where a minimum altitude value is not specified, it may be Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 364 / 434 51 / 94 zero by default (or another pre-configured value); where a maximum altitude value is not specified, it can be infinite by default (or another pre-configured value). In some aspects, a hysteresis value, which can define a hysteresis range and be associated with an altitude range / interval boundary, can be included in IE 1006 for a given SSB for measurement 1008. In some aspects, several of the corresponding IE 1006 values ​​for SSBs for measurement 1008 can be included for a measurement object of an SMTC.

[107] Consequently, aspects of the present invention for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement configurations for synchronization signals. By enabling altitude-specific measurement configurations with altitude ranges / intervals for synchronization signals, the various aspects improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude, for example, for UAVs.

[108] Figure 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example configuration for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting in several respects. The configuration can be provided to UE 802 in 808, for example. In respects, new configurations for an SMTC can include altitude ranges / intervals. In one example, different SSBs for measurement (e.g., ssbToMeasure) of different altitude ranges / intervals can be included in an SSB-MTC configuration of an SMTC. Diagram 1100 shows a portion of an SMTC (e.g., an SSB-MTC object 1110) in which altitude-specific SSB(s) for measurement 1102 are included for a UE.

[109] For example, aspects for diagram 1100 provide that a Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 365 / 434 52 / 94 SMTC may include indications of the altitude-specific SSB(s) for measurement 1102 (e.g., SSB-ToMeasureAltitudeBasedList-r18) in the SSB-MTC object 1110. The altitude-specific SSB(s) for measurement 1102 may include a list of altitude-dependent SSBs for measurement (e.g., which may be called ssb-ToMeasure in some examples). When an UE is within an altitude range indicated by a height range parameter (e.g., which may be called heightRange or altitudeRange in some examples), the UE may ignore the ssb-ToMeasure (e.g., no suffix) and may apply the corresponding ssb-ToMeasure-r18, if present; otherwise, the UE may measure across all SS blocks if ssbToMeasure-r18 is absent. When the UE is outside of all altitude ranges (e.g., height ranges) indicated by altitudeRange (if any), ssb-ToMeasure (e.g., without suffix) may be applied.For each altitude range, a minimum altitude parameter (e.g., which may be called heightMin or altitudeMin in some examples) may indicate the minimum altitude in meters, a maximum altitude parameter (e.g., which may be called heightMax or altitudeMax in some examples) may indicate the maximum altitude in meters relative to sea level, and, if included, a parameter which may be called heightHyst or altitudeHyst may indicate hysteresis (e.g., in distance, such as meters) for determining the altitude range. For example, when altitudeHyst is set for an altitude range, the UE may be considered to have entered the range if altitudeMin < altitude of the UE < altitudeMax, and after entering the range, the UE may be considered to be in the range as long as (altitudeMin - altitudeHyst) < altitude of the UE < (altitudeMax + altitudeHyst).For each altitudeRange, if altitudeMin is missing, the value minAltitude-r18 can be used, and if altitudeMax is missing, the value maxAltitude-r18 can be used. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 366 / 434 53 / 94

[110] The specific altitude SSB(s) for measurement 1102 may be associated with a list of one or more corresponding physical cell PCIs 1104 for which an SMTC may configure a UE for one or more specific SSBs that are to be measured by the UE. For each SSB for measurement 1108, an IE 1106 associated with an altitude range may be provided (e.g., SSB-ToMeasureAltitudeBased-r18). The altitude range may be based on at least one of a minimum altitude value or a maximum altitude value. In aspects, where a minimum altitude value is not specified, it may be zero by default (or another pre-configured value); where a maximum altitude value is not specified, it may be infinite by default (or another pre-configured value). In some respects, a hysteresis value, which can define a hysteresis range and be associated with an altitude range / interval boundary, can be included in IE 1106 for a given SSB for measurement 1108.In some respects, several of the corresponding IEs 1106 for SSB measurement 1108 can be included for the SSB-MTC 1110 object of an SMTC.

[111] Consequently, aspects of the present invention for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations improve flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement configurations for synchronization signals. By providing SSB-MTC subconfigurations where each element of the SSB-MTC is listed, altitude ranges are enabled for flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for UE altitude-specific synchronization signals through altitude-specific measurement configurations with SSB-MTC lists on measurement objects.

[112] Figure 12 is a 1200 diagram illustrating a configuration of Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 367 / 434 54 / 94 example for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting, in several respects. In one respect, new configurations for an SMTC can include altitude ranges / intervals. The configuration can be provided to UE 802 in 808, for example. In one example, an SMTC list 1206 can be included in a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR or other measurement object), where the SMTC list 1206 references a new SSB-MTC list 1202. Each element of the new SSB-MTC list 1202 can represent an SSB-MTC subconfiguration with respective altitude ranges / intervals for an SSB for measurement 1208.

[113] For example, aspects of diagram 1200 provide that an SMTC can include specific altitude SSB(s) indications to measure in the new SSB-MTC list 1202 which, in turn, references an SSB-MTC object 1210. Each SSB-MTC object 1210 can be associated with a list of one or more corresponding physical cell PCIs 1204 for which an SMTC can configure a UE for one or more specific SSBs that should be measured by the UE. Each SSB for measurement 1208 can be provided with the respective SSB-MTC objects 1210 associated with an altitude range. The altitude range can be based on at least one of a minimum altitude value or a maximum altitude value. In aspects, where a minimum altitude value is not specified, it can be zero by default (or another pre-configured value); Where a maximum altitude value is not specified, it can be infinite by default (or another pre-configured value).In some aspects, a hysteresis value, which can define a hysteresis range and be associated with a range / altitude interval boundary, can be included in the SSB-MTC 1210 object for a given SSB to 1208 measurement. In some aspects, several of the corresponding SSB-MTC 1210 objects for the SSB to 1208 measurement can be included for an SMTC, while in other aspects, several of the SSBs for... Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 368 / 434 55 / 94 measurement 1208 can be included for the SSB-MTC 1210 object of an SMTC.

[114] Consequently, aspects of the present invention for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement configurations for synchronization signals. By providing SSB-MTC subconfigurations where each element of the SSB-MTC is listed, altitude ranges are enabled for flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for UE altitude-specific synchronization signals through altitude-specific measurement configurations with SSB-MTC lists on measurement objects.

[115] Figure 13 is a 1300 flowchart of a method for wireless communication, in several aspects. The method can be implemented by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 406, 416, 418, 516, 802, 902; device 1704). In some aspects, the method may include aspects described in connection with the communication flow in Figure 8 and / or aspects described in Figures 4, 9 to 12. The method provides altitude-dependent measurement and reporting settings that enable improvements to the flexibility and accuracy of positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement settings for synchronization signals. By enabling altitude-specific measurement settings with altitude ranges / intervals for synchronization signals, the various aspects improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude, e.g., for UAVs.

[116] In 1302, a UE receives an SMTC from a network node, where the SMTC indicates an altitude range associated with a set of SSBs and at least one cell identifier, which corresponds to at least one physical cell. As Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 369 / 434 56 / 94 example, a transmission can be carried out, at least in part, by component 198, transceiver(s) 1722 and / or antenna 1780 in Figure 17. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate an example of UE 802 receiving such SMTC from a network node (e.g., base station 804).

[117] Base station 804 can configure (on 806) an SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) for UE 802, where SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) indicates an altitude range (or altitude parameter) (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12) associated with at least one cell identifier that corresponds to at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3), in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), and a set of SSBs (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12).In some respects, SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) can include specific altitude flexibility added to a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR) via altitude-specific SSB indications for measurement (e.g., in 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12). In some respects, this newly added altitude-specific flexibility for measurement objects can be implemented for existing measObjectNR measurement objects. In some respects, new configurations for SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) may include altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12).In one example, different SSBs for measurement (e.g., ssb-ToMeasure) for different altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9). Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 370 / 434 57 / 94 to 1006 in Figure 10; to 1106 in Figure 11; to 1210 in Figure 12) can be included for an SSB-MTC configuration (e.g., 1110 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12) of the SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12). In another example, a new SSB-MTC list (e.g., 1202 in Figure 12) can be included in a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR), where each element of the new SSB-MTC list (e.g., 1202 in Figure 12) can represent an SSB-MTC subconfiguration with respective altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12).In some respects, a hysteresis value, which can define a hysteresis range (e.g., 912 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12), can be associated with an altitude / interval range boundary (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). Base station 804 can be configured to provide / transmit SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) to UE 802.

[118] In 1304, the UE measures an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and an altitude of the UE. As an example, the measurement can be performed, at least in part, by component 198, transceiver(s) 1722 and / or antenna 1780 in Figure 17. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate an example of UE 802 measuring such SSB values ​​for SSBs from a network node (e.g., base station 804). Figure 8 illustrates an example of a UE measuring a subset of SSBs based on an altitude of the UE.

[119] Base station 804 can also be configured to provide / transmit the set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 371 / 434 58 / 94 Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802. Base station 804 can be a service / server cell or a neighboring cell, in aspects, and can be configured to transmit a number of SSBs 810 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802 that includes the set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) indicated in SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12). In some respects, different base stations can be configured to transmit different numbers from the 810 SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to the UE 802. A cell can be a physical cell with a corresponding PCI (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12).In some respects, at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in a UE 802 environment can be a service / server cell, and SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10) can be a cell-specific SMTC for the service / server cell.In some respects, at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in a UE 802 environment may include two or more physical cells (e.g., a service / server cell and a neighboring cell) (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), and the SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) may configure UE 802 for the physical cells (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3), in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), respectively, as described in the present invention. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 372 / 434 59 / 94

[120] UE 802 can be configured to obtain UE 802 altitude. In aspects, to obtain altitude, UE 802 can be configured to measure (in 812) UE 802 altitude based on information received by UE 802 and / or receive an indication of UE 802 altitude from a network node or network entity (e.g., base station 804). UE 802 altitude can be quantified relative to ground, sea level, interference, and / or the like.The UE 802 can be configured to measure (in 812) an SSB value for each SSB (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in the set of SSBs (e.g., from the number of SSBs 810 provided / transmitted from base station 804) for at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) based on SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) and a UE altitude. 802.

[121] The UE 802 can be configured to report, for example, to base station 804, each measured SSB 814 (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in the set of SSBs (e.g., from the number of SSBs 810 provided / transmitted from base station 804) to at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3), in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) at the altitude of UE 802, based on a reporting configuration that is associated with the altitude of UE 802 and at least one of the altitude, location, speed, or velocity of UE 802. In In this respect, UE 802 can be configured to report each measured SSB 814 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to base station 804.

[122] Figure 14 is a 1400 flowchart of a method for communication Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 373 / 434 60 / 94 wireless, in several aspects. The method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 406, 416, 418, 516, 802, 902; device 1704). In some aspects, the method may include aspects described in connection with the communication flow in Figure 8 and / or aspects described in Figures 4, 9 to 12. The method provides altitude-dependent measurement and reporting settings that enable improvements to the flexibility and accuracy of positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement settings for synchronization signals. By enabling altitude-specific measurement settings with altitude ranges / intervals for synchronization signals, the various aspects improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude, for example, for UAVs.

[123] In 1402, a UE receives an SMTC from a network node, where the SMTC indicates an altitude range associated with a set of SSBs and at least one cell identifier, which corresponds to at least one physical cell. As an example, a transmission can be carried out, at least in part, by component 198, transceiver(s) 1722 and / or antenna 1780 in Figure 17. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate an example of UE 802 receiving such an SMTC from a network node (e.g., base station 804).

[124] Base station 804 can configure (on 806) an SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) for UE 802, where SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) indicates an altitude range (or altitude parameter) (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12) associated with at least one cell identifier that corresponds to at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3), in Figure 9; Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 374 / 434 61 / 94 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), and a set of SSBs (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12). In some respects, SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) can include specific altitude flexibility added to a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR) through altitude-specific SSB(s) indications for measurement (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12). In some respects, this newly added altitude-specific flexibility for measurement objects can be implemented for existing measObjectNR measurement objects.In some respects, new configurations for SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) may include altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). In one example, different SSBs for measurement (e.g., ssb-ToMeasure) for different altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; for 1006 in Figure 10; for 1106 in Figure 11; for 1210 in Figure 12) can be included for an SSB-MTC configuration (e.g., 1110 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12) of the SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12).In another example, a new SSB-MTC list (e.g., 1202 in Figure 12) can be included in a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR), where each element of the new SSB-MTC list (e.g., 1202 in Figure 12) can represent an SSB-MTC subset with respective altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). In terms of aspects, a hysteresis value, which can define a hysteresis range (e.g., 912 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12), can be associated with one. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 375 / 434 62 / 94 altitude / range boundary (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; to 1006 in Figure 10; to 1106 in Figure 11; to 1210 in Figure 12). Base station 804 can be configured to provide / transmit SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) to UE 802.

[125] In block 1404, the UE can obtain a location of the UE. As an example, the measurement can be performed, at least in part, by component 198, transceiver(s) 1722 and / or antenna 1780 in Figure 17. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate an example of UE 802 obtaining such altitude indications. Figure 8 illustrates an example of a UE measuring a subset of SSBs based on an altitude of the UE.

[126] A UE can be configured to obtain the UE altitude, for example, by being configured to measure the UE altitude based on information received by the UE or to receive an indication of the UE altitude from the network node or a network entity. UE 802 can be configured to obtain the UE altitude. In aspects, to obtain the altitude, UE 802 can be configured to measure (in 812) the UE altitude based on information received by UE 802 and / or receive an indication of the UE altitude from the network node or a network entity (e.g., base station 804). Base station 804 can be configured to obtain the UE altitude. In aspects, to obtain the altitude, base station 804 can be configured to measure (similarly to 812) the UE altitude based on information received from UE 802 or another network node / entity. Base station 804 can be configured to provide an altitude indication from UE 802 to UE 802.The altitude of UE 802 can be quantified in relation to the ground, sea level, interference, and / or similar factors.

[127] In 1406, the EU measures an SSB value for each SSB in the set of Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 376 / 434 63 / 94 SSBs are measured based on the measurement object configuration and an altitude of the UE. As an example, the measurement can be performed, at least in part, by component 198, transceiver(s) 1722 and / or antenna 1780 in Figure 17. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate an example of UE 802 measuring such SSB values ​​for SSBs from a network node (e.g., base station 804). Figure 8 illustrates an example of a UE measuring a subset of SSBs based on an altitude of the UE.

[128] UE 802 can be configured to measure (in 812) an SSB value for each SSB (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in the set of SSBs (e.g., from the number of SSBs 810 provided / transmitted from base station 804) for at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) based on SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) and an altitude of UE 802. For example, base station 804 can also be configured to provide / transmit the set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802.Base station 804 can be a service / server cell or a neighboring cell, in some respects, and can be configured to transmit a number of 810 SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802 which includes the set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) indicated in SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12). In some respects, different base stations can be configured to transmit different numbers from the 810 SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to the UE 802. A cell can be a physical cell with a corresponding PCI. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 377 / 434 64 / 94 (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12). In some respects, at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in a UE 802 environment can be a service / server cell, and SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10) can be a cell-specific SMTC for the service / server cell.In some respects, at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in a UE 802 environment may include two or more physical cells (e.g., a service / server cell and a neighboring cell) (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), and the SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) may configure UE 802 for the physical cells (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3), in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), respectively, as described in the present invention.

[129] The UE 802 can be configured to report, for example, to base station 804, each measured SSB 814 (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in the set of SSBs (e.g., from the number of SSBs 810 provided / transmitted from base station 804) to at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3), in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) at the altitude of UE 802, based on a reporting configuration that is associated with the altitude of UE 802 and at least one of the altitude, location, speed, or velocity of UE 802. In In one aspect, the UE 802 can be configured to report each measured SSB 814 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to the base station. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 378 / 434 65 / 94 804.

[130] Figure 15 is a 1500 flowchart of a method for wireless communication, in several aspects. The method can be implemented by a base station (e.g., base station 102, 402, 804, first base station 904, second base station 904, third base station 904; NR A cell 502, NR B cell 504; network entity 1702, 1802, 1960). In some aspects, the method may include aspects described in connection with the communication flow in Figure 8 and / or aspects described in Figures 4, 9 to 12. The method provides altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations that enable improvements to the flexibility and accuracy of positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement configurations for synchronization signals.By enabling altitude-specific measurement settings with altitude ranges / intervals for synchronization signals, various aspects improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude, for example, for UAVs.

[131] In 1502, a network node configures, for a UE, an SMTC, where the SMTC indicates an altitude range associated with at least one cell identifier that corresponds to at least one physical cell and a set of SSBs. As an example, the configuration can be performed, at least in part, by component 199, transceiver(s) 1846 and / or antenna 1880 in Figure 18. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate examples of base station 804 configuring such an SMTC for a UE (e.g., UE 802).

[132] Base station 804 can set (on 806) an SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) for UE 802, where SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) indicates an altitude range (or Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 379 / 434 66 / 94 altitude parameter) (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12) associated with at least one cell identifier that corresponds to at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), and a set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12). In some respects, SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) may include specific altitude flexibility added to a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR) via altitude-specific SSB indications for measurement (e.g., in 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12).In some respects, this newly added altitude-specific flexibility for measurement objects can be implemented for existing measObjectNR measurement objects. In other respects, new settings for SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) can include altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). In one example, different SSBs for measurement (e.g., ssb-ToMeasure) (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) for different altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; at 1006 in Figure 10; at 1106 in Figure 11; at 1210 in Figure 12) can be included for an SSB-MTC configuration (e.g., 1110 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12) of the SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12).In another example, a new SSB-MTC list (e.g., 1202 in Figure 12) can be included in a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR), where each element of the new SSB-MTC list (e.g., 1202 in Figure 12) can... Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 380 / 434 67 / 94 represent a subconfiguration of SSB-MTC with respective altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). In aspects, a hysteresis value, which can define a hysteresis range (e.g., 912 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12), can be associated with an altitude range / interval boundary (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). Base station 804 can be configured to provide / transmit SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) to UE 802.

[133] In 1504, the network node provides the set of SSBs indicated in the SMTC. As an example, provisioning / transmission can be performed, at least in part, by component 199, transceiver(s) 1846 and / or antenna 1880 in Figure 18. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate examples of base station 804 configuring such SMTC for a UE (e.g., UE 802). Figure 8 illustrates an example of a base station transmitting SSBs in multiple beam directions. Figure 5 illustrates an example of SSB bursts.

[134] Base station 804 can also be configured to provide / transmit the set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802. Base station 804 can be a service / server cell or a neighboring cell, in aspects, and can be configured to transmit a number of SSBs 810 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802 that includes the set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) indicated in SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12). In some respects, different base stations can be Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 381 / 434 68 / 94 configured to transmit different numbers from the 810 SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to the UE 802. A cell can be a physical cell with a corresponding PCI (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12). In some respects, at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in a UE 802 environment can be a service / server cell, and SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10) can be a cell-specific SMTC for the service / server cell.In some respects, at least one physical cell in a UE 802 environment may include two or more physical cells (e.g., a service / server cell and a neighboring cell) (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), and SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) may configure UE 802 for the physical cells (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), respectively, as described. in the present invention.

[135] The UE 802 can be configured to report, for example, to base station 804, each measured SSB 814 (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in the set of SSBs (e.g., from the number of SSBs 810 provided / transmitted from base station 804) to at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3), in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) at the altitude of UE 802, based on a reporting configuration that is associated with the altitude of UE 802 and at least one of the altitude, location, speed, or velocity of UE 802. In In some aspects, UE 802 can be configured to report each measured SSB 814 (for example, in 914 in Figure 814). Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 382 / 434 69 / 94 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) for base station 804.

[136] Figure 16 is a 1600 flowchart of a method for wireless communication, in several aspects. The method can be implemented by a base station (e.g., base station 102, 402, 804, first base station 904, second base station 904, third base station 904; NR A cell 502, NR B cell 504; network entity 1702, 1802, 1960). In some aspects, the method may include aspects described in connection with the communication flow in Figure 8 and / or aspects described in Figures 4, 9 to 12. The method provides altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations that enable improvements to the flexibility and accuracy of positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement configurations for synchronization signals.By enabling altitude-specific measurement settings with altitude ranges / intervals for synchronization signals, various aspects improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude, for example, for UAVs.

[137] In 1602, a network node configures, for a UE, an SMTC, where the SMTC indicates an altitude range associated with at least one cell identifier that corresponds to at least one physical cell and a set of SSBs. As an example, the configuration can be performed, at least in part, by component 199, transceiver(s) 1846 and / or antenna 1880 in Figure 18. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate examples of base station 804 configuring such an SMTC for a UE (e.g., UE 802).

[138] Base station 804 can configure (on 806) an SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) for UE 802, where the SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 383 / 434 70 / 94 Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) indicates an altitude range (or altitude parameter) (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12) associated with at least one cell identifier that corresponds to at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), and a set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12). In some respects, SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) may include specific altitude flexibility added to a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR) via altitude-specific SSB indications for measurement (e.g., in 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12).In some respects, this newly added altitude-specific flexibility for measurement objects can be implemented for existing measObjectNR measurement objects. In other respects, new settings for SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) can include altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). In one example, different SSBs for measurement (e.g., ssb-ToMeasure) (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) for different altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; at 1006 in Figure 10; at 1106 in Figure 11; at 1210 in Figure 12) can be included for an SSB-MTC configuration (e.g., 1110 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12) of the SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12).In another example, a new list of SSB-MTC (e.g., 1202 in Figure 12) can be included in a measurement object (e.g., measObjectNR), where each... Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 384 / 434 71 / 94 element of the new SSB-MTC list (e.g., 1202 in Figure 12) may represent an SSB-MTC subconfiguration with corresponding altitude ranges / intervals (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). In some respects, a hysteresis value, which can define a hysteresis range (e.g., 912 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12), can be associated with an altitude / interval range boundary (e.g., 906, 908, 910 in Figure 9; 1006 in Figure 10; 1106 in Figure 11; 1210 in Figure 12). Base station 804 can be configured to provide / transmit SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) to UE 802.

[139] In 1604, the UE obtains the UE altitude and provides an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. As an example, the acquisition can be performed, at least in part, by component 199, transceiver(s) 1846 and / or antenna 1880 in Figure 18. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate examples of base station 804 obtaining such altitude for a UE (e.g., UE 802).

[140] A base station / network node can be configured to obtain the UE altitude, for example, by being configured to measure the UE altitude based on information received from the UE or to receive an indication of the UE altitude from another network node or network entity. Base station 804 can be configured to obtain the UE altitude 802. In aspects, to obtain the altitude, base station 804 can be configured to measure (similarly to 812) the UE altitude 802 based on information received from UE 802 or another network node / entity. Base station 804 can be configured to provide an indication of the UE altitude 802 to UE 802. The UE altitude 802 can be quantified relative to the ground, sea level, interference, and / or the like. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 385 / 434 72 / 94

[141] In 1606, the network node provides the set of SSBs indicated in the SMTC. As an example, provisioning / transmission can be performed, at least in part, by component 199, transceiver(s) 1846 and / or antenna 1880 in Figure 18. Figures 8 to 12 illustrate examples of base station 804 configuring such SMTC for a UE (e.g., UE 802). Figure 8 illustrates an example of a base station transmitting SSBs in multiple beam directions. Figure 5 illustrates an example of SSB bursts.

[142] Base station 804 can also be configured to provide / transmit the set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802. Base station 804 can be a service / server cell or a neighboring cell, in aspects, and can be configured to transmit a number of SSBs 810 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802 that includes the set of SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) indicated in SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12). In some respects, different base stations can be configured to transmit different numbers from the 810 SSBs (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to UE 802.A cell can be a physical cell with a corresponding PCI (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12). In some respects, at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in a UE 802 environment can be a service / server cell, and the SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10) can be a cell-specific SMTC for the service / server cell. In some respects, at least one physical cell in a UE 802 environment. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 386 / 434 73 / 94 may include two or more physical cells (e.g., a service / server cell and a neighboring cell) (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), and SMTC 808 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1000 in Figure 10; 1100 in Figure 11; 1200 in Figure 12) may configure UE 802 for the physical cells (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3) in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12), respectively, as described in the present invention.

[143] The UE 802 can be configured to report, for example, to base station 804, each measured SSB 814 (e.g., at 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) in the set of SSBs (e.g., from the number of SSBs 810 provided / transmitted from base station 804) to at least one physical cell (e.g., 904 (Cell 1), 904' (Cell 2), 904'' (Cell 3), in Figure 9; 1104 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) at the altitude of UE 802, based on a reporting configuration that is associated with the altitude of UE 802 and at least one of the altitude, location, speed, or velocity of UE 802. In In this respect, UE 802 can be configured to report each measured SSB 814 (e.g., 914 in Figure 9; 1008 in Figure 10; 1108 in Figure 11; 1208 in Figure 12) to base station 804.

[144] Figure 17 is a 1700 diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a 1704 device. The 1704 device may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement a UE functionality. In some respects, the 1504 device may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1724 (also called a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1722 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 may include at least one memory-on-chip 1724'. In some respects, the 1704 device may Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 387 / 434 74 / 94 additionally include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1720 and at least one application processor 1706 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1708 and a display 1710. The application processor(s) 1706 may include a chip memory 1706'.In some respects, the device 1704 may additionally include a Bluetooth module 1712, a WLAN module 1714, an SPS module 1716 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1718 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor, such as inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope and / or accelerometer(s); light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies used for positioning), additional memory modules 1726, a power supply 1730 and / or a camera 1732. The Bluetooth module 1712, the WLAN module 1714 and the SPS module 1716 may include a transceiver (TRX - transceiver) on a chip (or, in some cases, just a receiver (RX receiver)).The Bluetooth module 1712, the WLAN module 1714, and the SPS module 1716 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize antennas 1780 for communication. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 communicate(s) through the transceiver(s) 1722 via one or more antennas 1780 with the UE 104 and / or with a RU associated with a network entity 1702. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and the application processor(s) 1706 may each include a computer-readable memory / medium 1706', 1724', respectively. Additional memory modules 1726 may also be considered a computer-readable memory / medium. Each computer-readable memory / medium 1724', 1706', 1726 may or may not be. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 388 / 434 75 / 94 transient. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and the application processor(s) 1706 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in memory / computer-readable media. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 / application processor(s) 1706, causes the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 / application processor(s) 1706 to perform the various functions described above. Memory / computer-readable media may also be used to store data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 / application processor 1706 during software execution. The 1724 cellular baseband processor / 1706 application processor(s) may be a component of the UE 350 and may include at least one 360 ​​memory and / or at least one of the 368 TX processor, the 356 RX processor, and the 359 controller / processor.In one configuration, the 1704 device may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and / or the application processor(s) 1706, and, in another configuration, the 1704 device may be the entire UE (for example, see UE 350 in Figure 3) and include the additional modules of the 1704 device.

[145] As discussed above, component 198 can be configured to receive, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. Component 198 can also be configured to measure each SSB associated with one or more cell identifiers based on the absence of a corresponding set of SSBs for the additional altitude parameter in the SMTC. Component 198 can be configured to obtain the UE altitude. To obtain the UE altitude, the Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 389 / 434 Component 198, 76 / 94, can be configured to measure the UE altitude based on information received from the UE and / or receive an indication of the UE altitude from the network node or a network entity. Component 198 can also be configured to perform any of the aspects described in relation to the flowcharts in any of Figures 13 to 16 and / or any of the aspects performed by a UE in any of Figures 4, 5, or 8 to 12. Component 198 can be in the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, the application processor(s) 1706, or both the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and the application processor(s) 1706.Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the declared processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the declared processes / algorithm, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the declared processes / algorithms individually or in combination. As shown, device 1704 may include several components configured for various functions. In one configuration, device 1704, and in particular the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and / or the application processor(s) 1706, may include means for receiving, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs.In one configuration, the 1704 instrument, and in particular the 1724 cellular baseband processor and / or the 1706 application processor, may include means for measuring an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and a UE altitude. In one configuration, the 1704 instrument, and in particular the... Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 390 / 434 77 / 94 Cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706 may include means for measuring a second SSB value for each SSB associated with one or more cell identifiers based on an absence of a corresponding set of SSBs for the additional altitude range in the SMTC. In one configuration, device 1704, and in particular cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706, may include a means for obtaining UE altitude. To obtain UE altitude, device 1704, and in particular cellular baseband processor 1724 and / or application processor 1706, may include means for measuring UE altitude based on information received from UE and / or receiving an indication of UE altitude from a network node or network entity.The apparatus may additionally include means for performing any of the aspects described in relation to the flowcharts in any of Figures 13 to 16 and / or any of the aspects performed by the UE in any of Figures 4, 5 or 8 to 12. The means may be component 198 of apparatus 1704 configured to perform the functions mentioned by the means. As described above, apparatus 1704 may include TX processor 368, RX processor 356 and controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be TX processor 368, RX processor 356 and / or controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions mentioned by the means.

[146] Figure 18 is an 1800 diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an 1802 network entity. The 1802 network entity can be a BS, a component of a BS, or it can implement BS functionality. The 1802 network entity can include at least one of an 1810 CU, an 1830 DU, or an 1840 RU. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, the entity of Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 391 / 434 The 78 / 94 1802 network may include CU 1810; either CU 1810 or DU 1830; each of the CU 1810, DU 1830, and RU 1840; DU 1830; either DU 1830 or RU 1840; or RU 1840. CU 1810 may include at least one CU 1812 processor. The CU 1812 processor(s) may include an 1812 chip memory. In some respects, CU 1810 may additionally include additional memory modules 1814 and a communication interface 1818. CU 1810 communicates with DU 1830 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 1830 may include at least one DU 1832 processor. The DU 1832 processor(s) may include an 1832' chip memory. In some respects, the DU 1830 may additionally include additional 1834 memory modules and an 1838 communication interface. The DU 1830 communicates with the RU 1840 via a fronthaul link. The RU 1840 may include at least one RU 1842 processor.The RU 1842 processor(s) may include an on-chip memory 1842'. In some respects, the RU 1840 may additionally include additional memory modules 1844, one or more transceivers 1846, antennas 1880, and a communication interface 1848. The RU 1840 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memory 1812', 1832', 1842' and the additional memory modules 1814, 1834, 1844 may each be considered a computer-readable memory / medium. Each computer-readable memory / medium may be non-transient. Each of the 1812, 1832, 1842 processors is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable memory / medium. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor(s), causes the processor(s) to perform the various functions described above. Memory / computer-readable media can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor(s) when executing the software.

[147] As discussed above, component 199 can be configured Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 392 / 434 79 / 94 to configure, for a UE, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. Component 199 can also be configured to provide the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration. Component 199 can be configured to obtain an altitude from the UE and provide an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. Component 199 can be configured to measure the UE altitude based on information received from the UE. Component 199 can be configured to transmit an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. Component 199 can be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in relation to the flowcharts in any of Figures 13 to 16 and / or any of the aspects performed by a network node / base station in any of Figures 4, 5, or 8 to 12.Component 199 may reside in one or more processors from one or more of the CU 1810, DU 1830, and RU 1840. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the declared processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the declared processes / algorithm, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the declared processes / algorithms individually or in combination. Network entity 1802 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1802 may include means to configure, for a UE, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs.In the configuration, the 1802 network entity can include means to provide the set of SSBs. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 393 / 434 80 / 94 indicated in the measurement object configuration. In one configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to obtain an altitude from the UE and provide an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. In one configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to measure the UE altitude based on information received from the UE. In one configuration, the 1802 network entity includes means to transmit an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. In one configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to receive an SSB value for each SSB measured in the set of SSBs for at least one physical cell at a UE altitude, based on a reporting configuration that is associated with a UE altitude and at least one of the UE altitude, location, speed, or velocity.The network entity may additionally include means to perform any of the aspects described in relation to the flowcharts in any of Figures 13 to 16 and / or any of the aspects performed by a network node / base station in any of Figures 4, 5, or 8 to 12. The means may be component 199 of network entity 1802 configured to perform the functions mentioned by the means. As described above, network unit 1802 may include TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and / or controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions mentioned by the means.

[148] Figure 19 is a 1900 diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a 1960 network entity. In one example, the 1960 network entity may be on the 120 core network. The 1960 network entity may include at least one 1912 network processor. The 1912 network processor may include a 1912' chip memory. In some respects, the 1960 network entity may additionally include additional 1914 memory modules. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 394 / 434 81 / 94 The network entity 1960 communicates via the network interface 1980 directly (e.g., backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., via a RIC) with the CU 1902 and / or the UE 104. The chip memory 1912' and the additional memory modules 1914 can each be considered a computer-readable memory / medium. Each computer-readable memory / medium can be non-transient. The network processor 1912 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable memory / medium. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor(s), causes the processor(s) to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable memory / medium can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor(s) when executing the software.

[149] As discussed above, component 199 can be configured to set up a measurement object configuration for a UE, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. Component 199 can also be configured to provide the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration. Component 199 can be configured to obtain an altitude from the UE and provide an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. Component 199 can be configured to measure the UE altitude based on information received from the UE. Component 199 can be configured to transmit an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. Component 199 can be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in relation to the flowcharts in any of Figures 13 to 16 and / or any of the aspects performed by a network node / base station in any of Figures 4, 5 or 8 to 12.Component 199 may be in network processor 1912. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 395 / 434 82 / 94 specifically configured to perform the declared processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the declared processes / algorithm, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the declared processes / algorithms individually or in combination. The 1960 network entity may include several components configured for various functions. In a configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to configure, for a UE, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs. In the configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to provide the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration.In one configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to obtain an UE altitude and provide an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. In one configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to measure the UE altitude based on information received from the UE. In one configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to transmit an indication of the UE altitude to the UE. In one configuration, the 1802 network entity may include means to receive an SSB value for each SSB measured in the set of SSBs for at least one physical cell at a UE altitude, based on a reporting configuration that is associated with a UE altitude and at least one of the UE altitude, location, speed, or velocity.The network entity may additionally include means to accomplish any of the aspects described in relation to the flowcharts in any of Figures 13 to 16 and / or any of the aspects performed by a network node / base station in any of Figures 4, 5, or 8 to 12. The means may... Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 396 / 434 83 / 94 being component 199 of network entity 1960 configured to perform the functions mentioned by the means.

[150] Wireless communication networks can enable beam measurements by UEs, for example, for mobility operations. In a 5G NR network, as an example, a given physical cell may have multiple beams and thus a UE may measure multiple SSBs. The settings for such measurements may include a bitmap (ssb-ToMeasure) that indicates a set of SSBs to measure within an SMTC measurement duration. The ssb-ToMeasure may include a single bitmap in an SSB-ConfigMobility object and may be applied to all measurements in configurations, for example, smtc and smtc2, for a given measObjectNR measurement object. However, multiple measObject configurations for a given SSB frequency (ssbFrequency) may not be enabled or allowed for a group of cells.For example, some wireless networks can be implemented to ensure that, in the measurement configuration (measConfig) associated with a configured lease (CG): (1) for all SSB-based measurements, there is at most one measurement object with the same ssbFrequency; and / or (2) an smtc1 included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value and that an smtc2 included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value and that an smtc3list included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value and that an smtc3list included in any measurement object with the same ssbFrequency has the same value. However, for a given altitude range in which UE is present, additional flexibility for cell-specific beam measurements beyond what is provided in current solutions may improve beam measurements.Aspects of the present invention enable SMTCs with flexibility that allows a UE (e.g., an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)) to measure a first. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 397 / 434 84 / 94 beamset (or ordered pairs of [cell, beam]) in one altitude range (e.g., below or level with interference) and a different beamset in a different altitude range (e.g., above a certain altitude where line of sight (LOS) is generally expected), including for different cells.

[151] Several aspects of the present invention for altitude-dependent measurement and reporting configurations improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE via altitude-specific measurement configurations for synchronization signals. By enabling altitude-specific measurement configurations with altitude ranges / intervals for synchronization signals, the various aspects improve the flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude, for example, for UAVs.Additionally, several aspects provide SSB-MTC subconfigurations where each element of the SSBMTC lists flexibly allows altitude ranges for flexibility and accuracy for positioning and mobility measurements in a UE for specific synchronization signals based on the UE's altitude through altitude-specific measurement configurations with SSB-MTC lists on measurement objects.

[152] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed processes / flowcharts is an illustration of example approaches. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. In addition, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The method claims in the appendix present elements of the various blocks in a sample order and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 398 / 434 85 / 94 presented.

[153] The above description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described in the present invention. Various modifications of these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined in the present invention may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described in the present invention, but must be in accordance with the complete scope and consistent with the language of the claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean one and only one, except where specifically so stated, but rather one or more. Terms such as if, when, and while do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction.In other words, these phrases, for example, when, do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met, then an action will occur, however, without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word exemplifier is used in the present invention to mean serving as an example, an instance, or an illustration. Any aspect described in the present invention as exemplifier should not necessarily be interpreted as preferential or advantageous in relation to other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term any refers to one or more. Combinations such as at least one of A, B, or C, one or more of A, B, or C, at least one of A, B, and C, one or more of A, B, and C, and A, B, C, or any combination thereof include any combination of A, B, and / or C and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C.Specifically, combinations such as at least one of A, B, or C; one or more of A, B, or C; at least one of A, B, and C; one or more of A, B, and C; and A, B, and C; or any other combination. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 399 / 434 86 / 94 combinations thereof may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any of these combinations may contain one or more members from A, B, or C. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the elements total one or more. Consequently, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to perform a set of functions, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the set of functions. Consequently, each processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the complete set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as a processor circuit set.A memory / memory module (also at least one memory / memory module) can be called a memory circuit assembly. If a first device receives data from or transmits data to a second device, the data may be received / transmitted directly between the first and second devices or indirectly between the first and second devices through a set of devices. A device configured to emit data, such as a transmission, a signal, or a message, may transmit the data, for example, with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to receive data, such as a transmission, a signal, or a message, may receive, for example, with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. The information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data.A device configured to emit or provide data as a transmission, a signal, or a message, can transmit the data, by... Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 400 / 434 87 / 94 example, with a transceiver or it can send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to obtain data, such as a transmission, a signal, or a message, can receive, for example, with a transceiver or it can obtain the data from a device that receives the data. The information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or may become known to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated into the present invention by reference and are covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed in this invention is dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly mentioned in the claims. The words module, mechanism, element, device, and the like may not be a substitute for the word means.Therefore, no claimed element should be interpreted as a means plus function, unless the element is expressly mentioned using the phrase "means to".

[154] As used in the present invention, the phrase based on should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the expression based on A (where A may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) should be interpreted as based at least on A, unless specifically stated otherwise.

[155] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described in the present invention, without limitation.

[156] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication in a user device (UE), which includes: receiving, from a network node, a Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pages 401 / 434 88 / 94 measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs; and measure an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and an altitude of the UE.

[157] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, where the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC).

[158] Aspect 3 is the method of either aspects 1 and 2, where at least one altitude parameter includes at least one of a minimum altitude value or a maximum altitude value.

[159] Aspect 4 is the method of aspect 3, where the UE uses a default minimum altitude value of zero in a first absence of the minimum altitude value for the altitude range; or where the UE uses a default maximum altitude value of infinity in a second absence of the maximum altitude value for the altitude range.

[160] Aspect 5 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 4, where at least one altitude parameter is associated with a hysteresis value.

[161] Aspect 6 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC) that is associated with at least one altitude parameter or an SMTC measurement duration, wherein the measurement object configuration comprises multiple altitude ranges.

[162] Aspect 7 is the method of aspect 6, where at least one altitude parameter is associated with a hysteresis value; or where each altitude range of the multiple altitude ranges is associated with a corresponding set of at least one cell identifier and a set Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 402 / 434 89 / 94 corresponding to SSBs.

[163] Aspect 8 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 7, where the UE is associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

[164] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the measurement object configuration includes a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) Measurement Time configuration (SMTC), wherein the SMTC includes an additional altitude parameter, wherein the measurement of the SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs includes: measuring each SSB associated with one or more cell identifiers based on an absence of a corresponding set of SSBs for the additional altitude parameter in the SMTC.

[165] Aspect 10 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 9, where at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range and where the altitude range is associated with an altitude list in a measurement object in the measurement object configuration.

[166] Aspect 11 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the measurement object configuration includes a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) Measurement Time configuration (SMTC), wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range, wherein the altitude range is associated with an altitude list in the SMTC.

[167] Aspect 12 is the method of aspect 11, where SMTC includes a list of cells that indicates a set of cell identifiers.

[168] Aspect 13 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 12, wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range, wherein the altitude range is associated with a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC) list in an SMTC included with the measurement object configuration and wherein each of one or more altitude ranges corresponds respectively to a sub-configuration of SMTC Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 403 / 434 90 / 94 which includes at least one of: a cell list indicating a corresponding set of cell identifiers; a burst periodicity of a corresponding set of SSBs; or the set of SSBs, where the set of SSBs is associated with a physical cell during an SMTC window.

[169] Aspect 14 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 12, which additionally includes: obtaining the UE altitude based on at least one of: measuring the UE altitude based on information received by the UE; or receiving an indication of the UE altitude from the network node or a network entity.

[170] Aspect 15 is a method of wireless communication on a network node, which includes: configuring for a user device (UE), a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs; and providing the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration.

[171] Aspect 16 is the method of aspect 15, where the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC).

[172] Aspect 17 is the method of either of aspects 15 and 16, wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range which includes at least one of a minimum altitude value or a maximum altitude value.

[173] Aspect 18 is the method of either of aspects 15 and 16, where the UE uses a default minimum altitude value of zero in a first absence of the minimum altitude value for the altitude range; or where the UE uses a default maximum altitude value of infinity in a second absence of the maximum altitude value for the altitude range.

[174] Aspect 19 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 16, where Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 404 / 434 91 / 94 at least one altitude parameter is associated with a hysteresis value.

[175] Aspect 20 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 19, wherein the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC) that is associated with at least one altitude parameter or an SMTC measurement duration, wherein the measurement object configuration comprises multiple altitude ranges.

[176] Aspect 21 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 20, where at least one altitude parameter is associated with a hysteresis value; or where each altitude range of the multiple altitude ranges is associated with a corresponding set of at least one cell identifier and a corresponding set of SSBs.

[177] Aspect 22 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 21, where the UE is associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

[178] Aspect 23 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 22, wherein the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC), wherein the SMTC includes an additional altitude parameter, wherein the additional altitude parameter has an absence of a corresponding set of SSBs in the SMTC.

[179] Aspect 24 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 23, wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range and wherein the altitude range is associated with an altitude list in a measurement object in the measurement object configuration.

[180] Aspect 25 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 24, wherein the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC), wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range, wherein the range of Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 405 / 434 92 / 94 altitude is associated with an altitude list on SMTC.

[181] Aspect 26 is the method of aspect 25, where SMTC includes a list of cells that indicates a set of cell identifiers.

[182] Aspect 27 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 26, wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range, wherein the altitude range is associated with a list of synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC) in an SMTC included with the measurement object configuration and wherein each of one or more altitude ranges corresponds respectively to a sub-configuration of SMTC which includes at least one of: a list of cells indicating a corresponding set of cell identifiers; a burst periodicity of a corresponding set of SSBs; or the set of SSBs, wherein the set of SSBs is associated with a physical cell during an SMTC window.

[183] ​​Aspect 28 is the method of any of aspects 15 to 27, which further comprises: obtaining the altitude of the UE; wherein obtaining the altitude of the UE includes at least one of measuring the altitude of the UE based on information received from the UE; or transmitting an indication of the altitude of the UE.

[184] Aspect 29 is a wireless communication method at a network node, which includes: receiving, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs, where the at least one altitude parameter includes a hysteresis value; and measuring an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and an altitude of the UE.

[185] Aspect 30 is a method of wireless communication on a network node, which includes: configuration for a user device (UE), a measurement object configuration, where the measurement object configuration Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 406 / 434 93 / 94 indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs, where at least one altitude parameter includes a hysteresis value; and provides the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration.

[186] Aspect 31 is a wireless communication apparatus that includes means for implementing any of aspects 1 to 14.

[187] Aspect 32 is a computer-readable medium (i.e., a non-transient computer-readable medium) that stores computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by at least one processor, causes at least one processor to implement any of aspects 1 to 14.

[188] Aspect 33 is an apparatus for wireless communication in a network node. The apparatus includes at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to at least one memory and, based at least in part on the information stored in at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured to implement any of aspects 1 to 14.

[189] Aspect 34 is the apparatus of aspect 33, which additionally includes at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to at least one processor.

[190] Aspect 35 is a wireless communication apparatus that includes means for implementing any of aspects 15 to 28.

[191] Aspect 36 is a computer-readable medium (i.e., a non-transient computer-readable medium) that stores computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by at least one processor, causes at least one processor to implement either of aspects 15 to 28.

[192] Aspect 37 is a device for wireless communication at a node Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 407 / 434 94 / 94 network. The device includes at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to at least one memory and, based at least in part on the information stored in at least one memory, at least one processor is configured to implement any of aspects 15 to 28.

[193] Aspect 38 is the apparatus of aspect 37, which additionally includes at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to at least one processor. Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, pp. 408 / 434

Claims

1 / 6 CLAIMS 1. Device for wireless communication in a user equipment (UE) characterized by comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to at least one memory and, based at least in part on the stored information stored in at least one memory, the at least one processor being configured to: receive, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, wherein the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs; and measure an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and an altitude of the UE.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC).

3. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range that includes at least one of a minimum altitude value or a maximum altitude value.

4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the UE uses a default minimum altitude value of zero in a first absence of a minimum altitude value for the altitude range; or where the UE uses a default maximum altitude value of infinity in a second absence of a maximum altitude value for the altitude range.

5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one altitude parameter is associated with a hysteresis value. Petition 870250086102, dated 23 / 09 / 2025, p. 409 / 434 2 / 6 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC) that is associated with at least one altitude parameter or SMTC measurement duration, wherein the measurement object configuration comprises multiple altitude ranges.

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one altitude parameter is associated with a hysteresis value; or where each altitude range of the multiple altitude ranges is associated with a corresponding set of at least one cell identifier and a corresponding set of SSBs.

8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the UE is associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

9. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement object configuration includes a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) Measurement Time Configuration (SMTC), wherein the SMTC includes an additional altitude parameter, in which to measure the SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs, at least one processor is configured to: measure each SSB associated with one or more cell identifiers based on an absence of a corresponding set of SSBs for the additional altitude parameter in the SMTC.

10. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range and wherein the altitude range is associated with an altitude list on a measurement object in the measurement object configuration.

11. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC), wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range, wherein the altitude range is associated with an altitude list in the SMTC.

12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the SMTC includes a list of cells indicating a set of cell identifiers.

13. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range, wherein the altitude range is associated with a list of synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC) in an SMTC included with the measurement object configuration and wherein each of one or more altitude ranges corresponds respectively to a sub-configuration of SMTC that includes at least one of: a cell list indicating a corresponding set of cell identifiers; a burst periodicity of a corresponding set of SSBs; or the set of SSBs, wherein the set of SSBs is associated with a physical cell during an SMTC window.

14. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one processor is additionally configured to: obtain the altitude of the UE; wherein, to obtain the altitude of the UE, at least one processor is configured to perform at least one of the following: measure the altitude of the UE based on information received from the UE; or receive an indication of the UE's altitude from the network node or network entity.

15. Device for wireless communication in a network node Petition 870250086102, dated 09 / 23 / 2025, page 411 / 434 4 / 6 characterized by comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to at least one memory and, based at least in part on the stored information stored in at least one memory, the at least one processor being configured to: configure, for a user equipment (UE), a measurement object configuration, wherein the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs; and provide the set of SSBs indicated in the measurement object configuration.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the measurement object configuration includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC); or in which at least one altitude parameter comprises an altitude range that includes at least one of a minimum altitude value or a maximum altitude value; in which at least one altitude parameter is associated with a hysteresis value; or in which the UE is associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

17. Apparatus, according to claim 16, characterized in that the UE uses a standard minimum altitude value of zero in a first absence of the minimum altitude value for the altitude range; or in that the UE uses a standard maximum altitude value of infinity in a second absence of the maximum altitude value for the altitude range.

18. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that (i) the measurement object configuration includes a first synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement time configuration (SMTC) that is associated with at least one altitude parameter or a SMTC measurement duration, wherein the measurement object configuration comprises multiple altitude ranges; (ii) wherein the measurement object configuration includes a second SMTC, wherein the second SMTC includes an additional altitude parameter, wherein the additional altitude parameter has an absence of a corresponding first set of SSBs in the second SMTC; (iii) wherein the at least one altitude parameter comprises a first altitude range and wherein the first altitude range is associated with a first altitude list in a measurement object in the measurement object configuration;(iv) wherein the measurement object configuration includes a third SMTC, wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises a second altitude range, wherein the second altitude range is associated with a second altitude list in the third SMTC; (v) wherein at least one altitude parameter comprises a third altitude range, wherein the third altitude range is associated with an SMTC list in a fourth SMTC included in the measurement object configuration and wherein each of one or more altitude ranges corresponds respectively to an SMTC subconfiguration that includes at least one of: a first cell list indicating a corresponding set of cell identifiers, a burst periodicity of a second corresponding set of SSBs, or the set of SSBs, wherein the set of SSBs is associated with a physical cell during an SMTC window;or Petition 870250086102, dated 23 / 09 / 2025, p. 413 / 434 6 / 6 (vi) where at least one processor is additionally configured to: obtain an altitude from the UE; and provide an indication of the altitude from the UE to the UE.; 19. Apparatus, according to claim 18, characterized in that at least one altitude parameter is associated with a hysteresis value; wherein each altitude range of the multiple altitude ranges is associated with a corresponding set of at least one cell identifier and a third corresponding set of SSBs; or wherein the third SMTC includes a second list of cells indicating a set of cell identifiers.

20. Wireless communication method in a user device (UD) characterized by comprising: receiving, from a network node, a measurement object configuration, wherein the measurement object configuration indicates at least one altitude parameter associated with a set of SSBs; and measuring an SSB value for each SSB in the set of SSBs based on the measurement object configuration and an altitude of the UD. Petition 870250086102, dated 23 / 09 / 2025, pp. 414 / 434

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