Layer 1 and Layer 2 Enabled Mobility Support

Description

1 / 60 Layer 1 and Layer 2 Enabled Mobility Support TECHNICAL FIELD

[001] This disclosure relates to wireless communications and, more specifically, to mobility enabled by layer 1 (L1) and layer 2 (L2). BACKGROUND

[002] A wireless communications system may include one or more network communication devices, such as base stations, which may also be known as an eNode (eNB), a next-generation Node (gNB), or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station, may support wireless communications to one or more user communication devices, which may also be known as user equipment (UE) or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or more user communication devices using wireless communication system features (e.g., timing features (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency features (e.g., subcarriers, carriers).In addition, the wireless communications system can support wireless communications through various radio access technologies, including third-generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth-generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth-generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies besides 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)).

[003] Unlike Layer 3 (L3) based mobility, L1 measurements based on the Channel State Information Reporting (CSI) framework are used for L1 / L2 enabled mobility (LTM). This means that the User Equipment (UE) can be configured to measure the Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 9 / 80 2 / 60 qualities of different candidate cells in layer 1 and report the measurement results of the candidate cells to the service cell in one or more CSI reports. If the UE reports that one of the candidate cells is better than the current service cell, the gNB can issue a cell switching command via a CE MAC to the UE to indicate that the UE should switch from the current service cell (i.e., source cell) to the candidate cell (i.e., target cell). SUMMARY

[004] An article before an element is not restrictive and is understood as referring to at least one of those elements or one or more of those elements. The terms a, at least one, one or more, and at least one of one or more may be interchangeable. As used in this document, including in the claims, or, as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items preceded by a phrase such as at least one of or one or more of or one or both of) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (that is, A and B and C). Furthermore, as used in this document, the phrase based on should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as based on condition A may be based on either condition A or condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure.In other words, as used in this document, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same way as the phrase "based, at least in part, on." Furthermore, as used in this document, including in the claims, a set may include one or more elements.

[005] This disclosure relates to methods, devices and systems that support LTM. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 10 / 80 3 / 60

[006] Some implementations of the method and devices described in this document may also include a user device (UD) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to at least one memory and configured to cause the UD to: receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[007] In some implementations of the method and devices described in this document, each TCI state includes a QCL-type A SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D. Alternatively, each TCI state includes a QCL-type C SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D. Alternatively, each TCI state includes a QCL-type A TRS and the same TRS with QCL-type D, and the TRS is further subjected to QCL with an SSB from the same candidate cell.

[008] Some implementations of the method and devices described in this document may include a processor in a UE for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[009] Some implementations of the method and devices described in this document may include a method implemented by a user device (UD), the method comprising: receiving a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[010] Some implementations of the method and devices described in this document may include at least one Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 11 / 80 4 / 60 memory; and at least one processor coupled to at least one memory and configured to cause the base station to: transmit a TCI state configuration from each or more candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[011] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[012] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a user equipment (UE) 200 according to aspects of this disclosure.

[013] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a 300 processor according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[014] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a network equipment (NE) 400 according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[015] Figure 5 illustrates an example of LTM time.

[016] Figure 6 illustrates a method flowchart performed by a UE or processor in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.

[017] Figure 7 illustrates a method flowchart performed by a NE or processor in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.

[018] Figure 8 illustrates a method flowchart performed by a UE or processor in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.

[019] Figure 9 illustrates a method flowchart performed by a NE or processor in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.

[020] Figure 10 illustrates a method flowchart performed by a UE or processor in accordance with aspects of this disclosure. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 12 / 80 5 / 60

[021] Figure 11 illustrates a method flowchart performed by a NE or processor in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.

[022] Figure 12 illustrates a method flowchart performed by a UE or processor in accordance with aspects of this disclosure.

[023] Figure 13 illustrates a method flowchart performed by a NE or processor in accordance with aspects of this disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[024] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

[025] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 according to aspects of this disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NEs 102, one or more UEs 104 and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE (Long Term Evolution) network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a New Radio (NR) network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network or a 5G Ultra Wideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the 100 wireless communications system may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology, including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20.The 100 wireless communications system can support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Furthermore, the 100 wireless communications system can support technologies such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Multiple Access. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 13 / 80 6 / 60 frequency division multiple access (FDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.

[026] One or more NEs 102 may be dispersed over a geographical region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NEs 102 described in this document may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a radio access network (RAN), a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. A NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) via a Uu interface.

[027] An NE 102 can provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 can support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 can support wireless communication of NE signal services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 can be mobile, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NEs 102.

[028] One or more UEs 104 may be dispersed across a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a device Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 14 / 80 7 / 60 transmitter, a receiving device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.

[029] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UE 104s via a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), or cellular-to-V2X implementations, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a side link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 via a PC5 interface.

[030] A NE 102 can support communications with CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 can interact with another NE 102 or with CN 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., S1, N2, N2, or network interface). Network entities 102 can communicate with each other through backhaul links 116 (e.g., through an X2, Xn, or other network interface). In some deployments, NE 102 can communicate directly with each other. In some other implementations, NE 102 can communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., through CN 106). In some implementations, one or more NE 102s can include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which can be an example of an access node controller (ANC). An ANC can communicate with one or more UEs 104 by Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 15 / 80 8 / 60 means of one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be called radio heads, intelligent radio heads or transmit-receive points (TRPs).

[031] The CN 106 can support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management functions (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects external networks (e.g., a service gateway (S-GW), a packet data network gateway (PDN) (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for one or more UEs 104 served by one or more NEs 102 associated with CN 106.

[032] A CN 106 can communicate with a packet data network 108 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., through an S1, N2, N2 interface or other network). The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session or similar) with the CN 106 through a NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session). The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 16 / 80 9 / 60 EU 104 and CN 106 (for example, one or more network functions of CN 106).

[033] In the wireless communications system 100, NEs 102 and UEs 104 can use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., timing resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or similar) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, NEs 102 and UEs 104 can support different resource structures. For example, NEs 102 and UEs 104 can support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, NEs 102 and UEs 104 can support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, NEs 102 and UEs 104 can support multiple frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures). NEs 102 and UEs 104 can support various chart structures based on one or more numerologies.

[034] One or more numerologies may be supported in the 100 wireless communications system, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ = 2) can be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or a prefix. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 17 / 80 10 / 60 extended cyclic. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) can be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) can be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[035] A time interval of a resource (for example, a communication resource) can be organized according to frames (also called radio frames). Each frame can have a duration, for example, a duration of 10 milliseconds (ms). In some implementations, each frame can include multiple subframes. For example, each frame can include 10 subframes, and each subframe can have a duration, for example, a duration of 1 ms. In some implementations, each frame can have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame can have the same duration.

[036] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on one or more numerologies supported in the 100 wireless communication system. For example, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with the respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot can include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 18 / 80 11 / 60 may depend on numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on numerology. It should be understood that the reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

[037] In the 100 wireless communications system, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum can be divided, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the 100 wireless communications system can support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency band designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz) and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). In some implementations, NEs 102 and UEs 104 can perform wireless communications in one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 can be used by NEs 102 and UEs 104, among other equipment or devices, for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data).In some implementations, FR2 can be used by NE 102s and UE 104s, among other equipment or devices, for short-range, high-data-rate capabilities.

[038] FR1 can be associated with one or multiple numerologies (for example, at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 can be associated with a first numerology (for example, μ = 0), which includes a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; a Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 19 / 80 12 / 60 second numerology (e.g., μ=1), which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 can be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 can be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3), which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

[039] Figure 2 illustrates an example of UE 200 according to aspects of this disclosure. UE 200 may include a processor 202, a memory 204, a controller 206 and a transceiver 208. The processor 202, the memory 204, the controller 206, or the transceiver 208, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof, may be examples of means of carrying out various aspects of this disclosure as described in this document. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) by means of one or more interfaces.

[040] The processor 202, the memory 204, the controller 206 or the transceiver 208, or various combinations or components thereof, may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuit assembly). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in this disclosure.

[041] The 202 processor may include an intelligent hardware device (for example, a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 20 / 80 13 / 60 Processor 202 can be configured to operate memory 204. In some other implementations, memory 204 may be integrated into processor 202. Processor 202 can be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 204 to enable UE 200 to perform various functions of this disclosure.

[042] Memory 204 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. Memory 204 may store computer-readable and computer-executable code, including instructions which, when executed by the processor 202, cause the UE 200 to perform various functions described in this document. The code may be stored on a non-transient computer-readable medium, such as memory 204 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media include non-transient computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transient storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[043] In some implementations, processor 202 and memory 204 coupled to processor 202 can be configured to make UE 200 perform one or more of the functions described in this document (for example, executing instructions stored in memory 204 by processor 202). For example, processor 202 can support wireless communication in UE 200 according to the examples disclosed in this document. UE 200 can be configured to support a means of determining that a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission is associated with a plurality of Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS) ports; and transmitting the PUSCH transmission along with the plurality of PTRS ports. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 21 / 80 14 / 60

[044] Controller 206 can manage input and output signals for the UE 200. Controller 206 can also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 200. In some implementations, controller 206 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, controller 206 may be implemented as part of processor 202.

[045] In some implementations, the UE 200 may include at least one 208 transceiver. In some other implementations, the UE 200 may have more than one 208 transceiver. The 208 transceiver may represent a wireless transceiver. The 208 transceiver may include one or more 210 receiver chains, one or more 212 transmitter chains, or a combination thereof.

[046] A 210 receiver chain can be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) via a wireless medium. For example, the 210 receiver chain may include one or more antennas to receive the signal over the air or wirelessly. The 210 receiver chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The 210 receiver chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the received signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during signal transmission. The 210 receiver chain may include at least one decoder to decode the demodulated signal processing to receive the transmitted data.

[047] A 212 transmitter chain can be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The 212 transmitter chain can include at least one modulator to modulate data into a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator can be configured to Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 22 / 80 15 / 60 supports one or more techniques, such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes such as phase-shift modulation (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The 212 transmitter chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to a power level appropriate for transmission over the wireless medium. The 212 transmitter chain may also include one or more antennas to transmit the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[048] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a processor 300 according to aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 300 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations according to the examples described in this document. The processor 300 may include a controller 302 configured to perform various operations according to the examples described in this document. The processor 300 may optionally include at least one memory 304, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 300 may optionally include one or more arithmetic logic units (ALUs) 306. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operationally, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) by means of one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[049] The 300 processor may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receive, get, retrieve, transmit, send, forward, store, determine, identify, access, write, read) as described in the examples in this document. The processor chipset may Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 23 / 80 16 / 60 include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., local memory or memory included in the processor chipset (e.g., Processor 300) or other memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM), Static RAM (SRAM), Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), Magnetic RAM (MRAM), Resistive RAM (RRAM), Flash Memory, Phase-Change Memory (PCM), and others).

[050] Controller 302 can be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of processor 300 to enable processor 300 to support various operations as described in this document. For example, controller 302 can operate as a control unit for processor 300, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of processor 300. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating the timing of operations.

[051] Controller 302 can be configured to fetch (e.g., get, retrieve, receive) instructions from memory 304 and determine which subsequent instructions to execute to enable processor 300 to support various operations as described in the examples in this document. Controller 302 can be configured to track the memory address of instructions associated with memory 304. Controller 302 can be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, controller 302 can be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be sent to other components of the Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 24 / 80 17 / 60 processor 300 to enable processor 300 to support various operations as described in this document. Additionally, or alternatively, controller 302 can be configured to manage data flow within processor 300. Controller 302 can be configured to control data transfer between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and other functional units of processor 300.

[052] Memory 304 may include one or more caches (e.g., local memory or memory included in processor 300 or other memory such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc.). In some implementations, memory 304 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to processor 300). In some other implementations, memory 304 may reside externally to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to processor 300).

[053] Memory 304 can store computer-readable and computer-executable code, including instructions that, when executed by processor 300, cause processor 300 to perform various functions described in this document. The code can be stored in a non-transient, computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other types of memory. Controller 302 and / or processor 300 can be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 304 to cause processor 300 to perform various functions. For example, processor 300 and / or controller 302 can be coupled to memory 304, and processor 300, controller 302, and memory 304 can be configured to perform various functions described in this document. In some examples, processor 300 may include multiple processors, and memory 304 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 25 / 80 18 / 60 processors can be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which can be configured individually or collectively to perform various functions as described in this document.

[054] One or more 306 ALUs can be configured to support various operations as described in this document. In some implementations, one or more 306 ALUs may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the 300 processor). In some other implementations, one or more 306 ALUs may reside externally to the processor chipset (e.g., the 300 processor). One or more 306 ALUs can perform one or more calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of data. For example, one or more 306 ALUs may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be performed. One or more 306 ALUs are configured with a variety of logic and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation.Additionally, or alternatively, one or more 306 ALUs can support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not-AND (NAND), allowing one or more 306 ALUs to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[055] The 300 processor can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed in this document. The 300 processor can be configured or operated to support a means of determining that a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission is associated with a plurality of Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS) ports; and transmit PUSCH transmission along with the PTRS port plurality.

[056] Figure 4 illustrates an example of an NE 400 according to aspects of this disclosure. NE 400 may include a Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 26 / 80 19 / 60 processor 402, a memory 404, a controller 406, and a transceiver 408. The processor 402, the memory 404, the controller 406, or the transceiver 408, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof, may be examples of means for carrying out various aspects of the present disclosure as described in this document. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) by means of one or more interfaces.

[057] The 402 processor, the 404 memory, the 406 controller, or the 408 transceiver, or various combinations or components thereof, may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuit assembly). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in this disclosure.

[058] The 402 processor may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the 402 processor may be configured to operate the 404 memory. In some other implementations, the 404 memory may be integrated into the 402 processor. The 402 processor may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a 404 memory to enable the NE 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[059] The 404 memory may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The 404 memory may store computer-readable and computer-executable code, including instructions which, when executed by the 402 processor, cause the NE 400 to perform various functions described in this document. The code Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 27 / 80 20 / 60 can be stored on a non-transient, computer-readable medium, such as 404 memory or another type of memory. Computer-readable media include non-transient computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[060] In some implementations, the 402 processor and the 404 memory coupled to the 402 processor can be configured to make the NE 400 perform one or more of the functions described in this document (for example, executing instructions stored in memory 404 by the 402 processor). For example, the 402 processor can support wireless communication on the NE 400 according to the examples disclosed in this document. The NE 400 can be configured to support a means of determining that a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission is associated with a plurality of Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS) ports; and receiving the PUSCH transmission along with the plurality of PTRS ports.

[061] The 406 controller can manage input and output signals for the NE 400. The 406 controller can also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 400. In some implementations, the 406 controller may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the 406 controller may be implemented as part of the 402 processor.

[062] In some implementations, the NE 400 may include at least one 408 transceiver. In some other implementations, the NE 400 may have more than one 408 transceiver. The 408 transceiver may represent a wireless transceiver. The 408 transceiver may include one or more 410 receiver chains, one or more Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 28 / 80 21 / 60 transmission chains 412 or a combination thereof.

[063] A 410 receiver chain can be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) via a wireless medium. For example, the 410 receiver chain may include one or more antennas to receive the signal over the air or wirelessly. The 410 receiver chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The 410 receiver chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the received signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during signal transmission. The 410 receiver chain may include at least one decoder to decode the demodulated signal processing to receive the transmitted data.

[064] A 412 transmitter chain can be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The 412 transmitter chain may include at least one modulator to modulate data into a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques, such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes such as phase-shift modulation (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The 412 transmitter chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to a power level appropriate for transmission over the wireless medium. The 412 transmitter chain may also include one or more antennas to transmit the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[065] Before describing the application, an introduction to the Configuration Indicator state is provided. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 29 / 80 22 / 60 Transmission (TCI) and the unified TCI structure.

[066] In version NR 17, the unified TCI structure based on DCI (Downlink Control Information) is supported. When the joint DL / UL TCI (meaning that the DL (downlink) spatial filter RX (receiver) and the UL (uplink) spatial filter TX (transmitter) are determined by the same indicated TCI state) is configured,The DL RX spatial filter for a set of dedicated PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) receptions (a dedicated PDCCH reception is a PDCCH reception in RRC-connected mode) and all PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) receptions, and the UL TX spatial filter for a set of dedicated PUCCH transmissions (a dedicated PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission is a PUCCH transmission in RRC-connected mode) and all PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) transmissions are both determined by the QCL-TypeD RS contained in the joint DL / UL TCI state (referred to as joint TCI state hereafter) indicated by a TCI field contained in a DCI or in a MAC CE (the MAC CE activates only a TCI state configured by RRC signaling). When separate TCI DL / UL (meaning that the TCI DL state and the TCI UL state are updated or activated separately) is configured,The DL RX spatial filter for a set of dedicated PDCCH receptions and all PDSCH receptions is determined by the QCL-TypeD RS contained in the DL TCI state indicated by a TCI field in a DCI or a MAC CE, while the UL TX spatial filter for a set of dedicated PUCCH transmissions and all PUCCH transmissions is indicated directly by the UL TCI state (i.e., spatialRelationInfo RS contained in the UL TX state) indicated by the TCI field in a DCI or a MAC CE.

[067] The joint TCI state or the TCI DL state can be configured by the following RRC signaling: Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 30 / 80 23 / 60 TCI State 0 IE of TCI State associates one or two DL reference signals with a corresponding quasi-coalition type (QCL). TCI status information element TCI state::= SEQUENCE { TCI stateld TCI stateld, qcl-Typel QCL-Info, qcl-Type2 QCL-Info} QCL-Info::= SEQUENCE { cell ServCelllndex bwp-Id BWP-Id referenceSiqnal CHOICE { csi-rs NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld, ssb SSB-Index}, qcl-Type ENUMERATED {typeA, typeB, typeC, typeD},}

[068] Each TCI state contains parameters to configure a quasi-colocation relationship (QCL) between one or two downlink reference signals and the DM-RS (demodulation reference signal) ports of the PDSCH, the DM-RS port of the PDCCH, or the CSI-RS ports of a CSI-RS resource (channel state information reference signal). The quasi-colocation relationship is configured by the upper-layer parameter qcl-Type1 for the first DL RS, and qcl-Type2 for the second DL RS (if configured). In the case of two DL RSs, the QCL types must not be the same, regardless of whether the references are to the same DL RS or to different DL RSs. The quasi-colocation types corresponding to each DL RS are Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 31 / 80 24 / 60 data is provided by the top-layer parameter qcl-Type in QCL-Info and can take one of the following values: 'QCL-TypeA': {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread} 'QCL-TypeB': {Doppler shift, Doppler spread Doppler} 'QCL-TypeC': {Doppler shift, mean delay} 'QCL-TypeD': {Spatial X-ray parameter}

[069] If a DL RS is configured in a TCI state with QCLTypeD, that DL RS will be called a QCL-TypeD RS. If a TCI state is configured for a DL signal or a DL channel, this means that the DL signal or the DL channel is subjected to QCL with the RS(s) contained in the TCI state with a QCL type as indicated in the TCI state. The UE must determine the DL RX spatial filter and the UL TX spatial filter according to the QCLTypeD RS in the TCI state.

[070] In the case where the UE determines the UL TX spatial filter for a UL signal according to a DL RS, this means that the UE must transmit the UL signal with the same spatial domain transmission filter used for the reception of the DL RS. The TCI UL state for separate TCI DL / UL indication contains at least one RS as spatialRelationlnfo by the following RRC signaling: TCI status information element UL TCI state::= SEQUENCE { UL TCI stateld UL-TCI stateld, spatialRelationlnfo CHOICE { csi-rs NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld, ssb SSB-Index srs srs-Resourceld}, Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 32 / 80 25 / 60} .

[071] An RS configured as spatialRelationInfo is called spatialRelationInfo RS, which is used to determine the UL TX spatial filter for the transmission of a UL signal. When a DL RS, for example, CSI-RS or an SSB (Synchronization Signal / PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)), is configured as spatialRelationInfo RS, the UE must transmit the UL signal with the same spatial domain transmission filter used for the reception of the DL RS. When an SRS resource is configured as spatialRelationInfo RS, the UE must transmit the UL signal with the same spatial domain transmission filter used for the transmission of the SRS resource.

[072] A first approach refers to the preparation and configuration of TCI states for LTM.

[073] The TCI state configuration, including multiple TCI states of each candidate cell, is provided by the service cell to the UE before sending a cell switching command (CSC) (e.g., transmitted by an LTM MAC CE), which is used to inform the UE to switch from the service cell to a target cell (i.e., one of the candidate cells). The target cell is the candidate cell indicated in the LTM MAC CE. The source cell is the current service cell before the UE switches to the target cell. A TCI state activation command of a candidate cell (e.g., a MAC CE) activates some TCI states of the multiple TCI states of the candidate cell(s). The cell switching command indicates a TCI state (e.g., set) or a pair of TCI states (e.g., UL and DL) of the multiple TCI states of the target cell. The indicated set TCI state or the indicated pair of UL and DL TCI states are used for data transmission and reception in the target cell.

[074] It was agreed that each TCI state in the TCI state configuration must provide two different types of QCL (by Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 33 / 80 26 / 60 example, QCL-Type A or QCL-Type C and QCL-Type D).

[075] The first embodiment proposes that each joint TCI state or TCI UL state configured for each candidate cell must be associated with a PL-RS and / or a set of power control parameters for each UL channel or signal for UL transmission in the target cell (e.g., one of the candidate cells). The PL-RS is a DL RS, i.e., a CSI-RS or an SSB, so that the UE estimates the path loss of the DL channel. The defined power control parameters include at least P0 (which sets the target receive power), alpha (which is the partial compensation factor), and closed-loop index to indicate closed-loop power control, so that the UE calculates the transmit power for each UL transmission.

[076] The PL-RS is used by the UE to estimate DL channel path loss. The PL-RS must be submitted to QCL with the QCL-TypeD RS configured in the TCI state for the joint TCI state, and the PL-RS and the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI state must be associated with the same candidate cell or the same PCI (Physical Cell ID). The configured PL-RS must be one of the SSBs configured for L1 measurement for candidate cells. When the PL-RS is not configured for (i.e., associated with) the joint TCI state, the QCL-TypeD RS configured in the TCI state is used for DL ​​channel path loss estimation. When the PL-RS is not configured for the TCI UL state, the spatialRelationInfo RS is used for DL ​​channel path loss estimation.

[077] As an alternative to associating a set of power control parameters with each joint TCI state or TCI UL state for a candidate cell, a dedicated set of power control parameters, including at least P0, alpha and closed-loop index, are used for the UE to calculate the transmission power. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 34 / 80 27 / 60 for UL transmission, can be configured for the candidate cell. That is, if a set of power control parameters is not associated with each joint TCI state or UL TCI state of the candidate cell, the dedicated set of power control parameters will be considered associated with the joint TCI or UL state of the candidate cell.

[078] The indicated joint TCI state or the pair of UL and DL TCI states for each candidate cell are used for UL transmission (e.g., PUSCH and PUCCH) as well as DL reception (e.g., PDSCH and PDCCH). Let's take DL as an example: each joint TCI state or DL ​​TCI state contains two different QCL types with one or two different RSs. In NR Version 17, a TRS with QCL-Type A must be indicated for DMRS demodulation (demodulation reference signal) DL (PDSCH or PDCCH). However, before switching to the target cell, the UE does not receive any TRS from the candidate cell and cannot obtain the necessary QCL parameters, e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler propagation, average delay, and delay propagation for DMRS demodulation. TRS is a single-port CSI-RS and is configured with an RRC trs-info parameter to identify the CSI-RS as a TRS.

[079] In NR Release 18 LTM, only SSB-based L1 measurement is supported. This means that only SSB of a candidate cell can be configured as RS in the TCI state. However, only Doppler shift, mean delay, and spatial Rx filter can be obtained by SSB. This means that it is difficult to obtain accurate Doppler spread and delay spread based on SSB with limited bandwidth.

[080] In other words, the complete QCL-TypeA parameters (i.e., Doppler shift, Doppler propagation, mean delay, and delay propagation) for PDSCH or PDCCH reception may not be obtained from an SSB configured in a TCI state.

[081] Given the above, the first option proposes two Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 35 / 80 28 / 60 options: Option 1-1: The indicated TCI state includes 2 qcl types (qcl-Type1 and qcl-Type2), where qcl-Type1 indicates an SSB with QCL-TypeA (Doppler shift, Doppler propagation, mean delay, and delay propagation) and qcl-Type2 indicates the same SSB with QCL-TypeD. This means that the SSB can be used for DL ​​reception (e.g., CSI-RS, PDSCH, PDCCH) with both QCL-TypeA and QCL-TypeD. Option 1 differs from the QCL principle of NR Release 17. In Option 1-1, only the SSB used for L1 measurement can be associated with the TCI state indicated as PL-RS.

[082] As described above, it is difficult for the UE to obtain an accurate Doppler spread and delay spread cannot be obtained by SSB. Therefore, according to Option 1-1, it is up to the UE implementation to assume default values ​​for Doppler spread and delay spread if an SSB with QCL-TypeA is indicated in the indicated TCI state.

[083] A variety of Option 1-1: The indicated TCI state includes 2 qcl types (qcl-Type1 and qcl-Type2), where qcl-Type1 indicates an SSB with QCL-TypeC (Doppler shift and mean delay) and qcl-Type2 indicates the same SSB with QCL-TypeD.

[084] Option 1-2: The QCL principle is used in version NR 17. That is, the indicated TCI state includes 2 qcl-types (qcl-Type1 and qcl-Type2), where qcl-Type1 indicates a TRS with QCL-TypeA (Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread) and qcl-Type2 indicates the same TRS with QCL-TypeD. Furthermore, the indicated TRS is subjected to QCL with an SSB configured for L1 measurement with respect to QCL-TypeC and QCL-TypeD for the same candidate cell. Since the UE does not receive the TRS from a target cell (e.g., one of the candidate cells) before switching to the target cell, the UE can assume that the TRS in the TCI state Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 36 / 80 The indicated 29 / 60 is transmitted in the first K slots (where K is an integer and K>=1) after the UE switches to the target cell. The resource and qcl-info configuration for the TRS that are configured for any of the TCI states of a candidate cell are provided along with the TCI state configuration for each candidate cell. In particular, if any TCI state of a candidate cell includes a TRS, the resource and qcl-info configuration for the TRS will be provided along with the TCI state configuration for the candidate cell.

[085] A second approach refers to mapping the TCI state in the target cell with early TCI activation.

[086] The configuration of TCI states, including multiple TCI states of each candidate cell, is provided by the service cell to the UE. Early TCI activation means that some TCI states of the multiple TCI states of the candidate cell(s) are activated, for example, by a candidate cell TCI state activation command, before the UE receives a cell switching command (CSC). After the UE switches to the target cell (e.g., one of the candidate cells), if no further activation of TCI states for the target cell is performed, the activated TCI states for the target cell can be indicated by a DCI 1_1 or 1_2 format for unified TCI state(s) indication.

[087] Activation of TCI states for multiple candidate cells can be done in two ways: Option 2-1: A single (i.e., one) MAC CE activates TCI states for a candidate cell. Therefore, multiple MAC CEs (e.g., N, which is a positive integer) are needed to activate TCI states for the same number of (e.g., N) candidate cells. Option 2-1 applies to the situation where a separate TCI state pool is configured for each candidate cell. Incidentally, for separate TCI mode, the TCI states must be Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 37 / 80 30 / 60 activated by a pair of TCI states, including one TCI UL state and one TCI DL state.

[088] Option 2-2: A single (i.e., one) MAC CE activates TCI states for multiple (e.g., all) candidate cells. Option 2-2 applies to the situation where a single TCI state grouping containing TCI states for all candidate cells (e.g., multiple) is configured, and each TCI state is associated with a candidate cell index or a PCI (physical cell index). Similar to Option 2-1, for the separate TCI mode in Option 2-2, TCI states must be activated by a pair of TCI states, including one UL TCI state and one DL TCI state.

[089] After the TCI states of a candidate cell are activated, the activated TCI states must be mapped to each of the TCI code points indicated by the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 in the target cell after the UE switches to a target cell that is the candidate cell.

[090] The second approach proposes the following mapping scheme when two or more TCI states (or two or more pairs of TCI states) of a candidate cell are activated before the LTM and the candidate cell is the target cell indicated by the LTM MAC CE that carries the CSC.

[091] For the joint TCI mode, the first TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the first TCI code point, i.e., TCI code point value 000, of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell; the second TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the second TCI code point, i.e., TCI code point value 001, of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, and so on. That is, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 38 / 80 31 / 60

[092] For the separate TCI mode, the first pair of activated TCI states (i.e., the first pair of activated TCI states UL and DL) is mapped to the first TCI code point, i.e., TCI code point value 000, of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, the second pair of activated TCI states (i.e., the second pair of activated TCI states UL and DL) is mapped to the second TCI code point, i.e., TCI code point value 001, of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, and so on. That is, the Nth pair of activated TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell.

[093] Considering that the candidate cells for the target cell may be altered and different from those for the source service cell, the UE may assume that the TCI states enabled for all other candidate cells, each of which is not the target cell indicated by the LTM MAC CE, and the TCI states enabled for the source service cell are disabled in the target cell.

[094] A third modality refers to the enhanced beam report.

[095] RAN4 introduced an optional UE feature to report L3 measurement results in the L1 beam report without the expected impact of RAN1.

[096] From the network's perspective, an L3 measurement result, which corresponds to the filtered RSRP (Received Reference Signal Power), and an L1 measurement result, which corresponds to L1-RSRP, are different. For example, the L3 measurement result is a more stable result for the network to make LTM decisions, while the L1 measurement result is more useful for beam activation and candidate cell indication.

[097] In view of the above, it is best to inform the network (e.g., gNB) that the reported measurement result is a Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 39 / 80 32 / 60 measurement result L1 or a measurement result L3.

[098] The third option proposed two choices.

[099] Option 3-1: If a UE reports an ability to report L3 measurement results in the L1 beam report, gNB can configure a beam report for the UE and instruct the UE to report either the L1 measurement result (e.g., L1 RSRP) or the L3 measurement result (e.g., L3 filtered RSRP). For example, gNB can configure a CSI-ReportConfig with the reportQuality parameter set to SSBRI-FilteredRSRP to instruct the UE to report the L3 filtered RSRP. gNB can also configure a CSI-ReportConfig with the reportQuality parameter set to SSBRI-RSRP to instruct the UE to report the L1 RSRP.

[100] Option 3-2: It is up to the UE to determine whether to report the L1 measurement result (e.g., L1 RSRP) or the L3 measurement result (e.g., L3 filtered RSRP) in each beam report. The UE needs to indicate whether the reported RSRP is an L1 RSRP or an L3 filtered RSRP. For example, a one-bit indication can be included in each beam report. If the UE indicates that the reported RSRPs are L1 measurement results, all reported RSRPs correspond to L1-RSRP. If the UE indicates that the reported RSRPs are L3 measurement results, all reported RSRPs correspond to L3 filtered RSRP.

[101] When the reported RSRPs match the filtered RSRPs from L3, gNB must assume that the reported RSRPs are obtained in the last available measurement gap and that the determined measurement gap must ensure that the UE is able to obtain the results required for the report.

[102] A fourth modality refers to the application time of the LTM MAC CE.

[103] The CSC is carried by a MAC CE (e.g., LTM MAC CE). A new joint TCI state or a new pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states for the target cell different from that or Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 40 / 80 33 / 60 of those for the source cell are indicated in the LTM MAC CE. It is necessary to determine when the CSC is applied. An example of LTM timing is illustrated in Figure 5.

[104] After the UE confirms receipt of the PDSCH bearing the LTM MAC CE, a period of time, i.e. the LTM CSC application time, is required before the first target cell slot (i.e., new service cell).

[105] During the registration period, the following operations must be completed: Required RRC update. For example, the decoding of the candidate cell configuration corresponding to the target cell must be completed and the complete LTM message must be prepared. The time required for the necessary RRC update is denoted as Trrc.

[106] Switching to the new Tx and Rx beams corresponding to the TCI states indicated for the target cell. The time required for switching is denoted as Tbat which is equal to the beam application time for unified beam update, i.e., BeamAppTime-r17.

[107] RF readjustment at least for frequency-interchange. For frequency-interchange, RF return from the source cell frequency to the target cell frequency must be completed. The time required for RF readjustment is denoted as Trf. Trf may be equal to 0 for intrafrequency transfer, in which RF redirection may be unnecessary.

[108] In addition to Trrc, Tbat, and Trf, the regular application time of the MAC CE for a MAC CE (for example, the LTM MAC CE carrying the CSC), that is, 3 N^^tquadro'μ, will also be considered.

[109] The fourth method proposes three options for determining the application time (denoted as Tltm) of the LTM MAC CE if the target cell is not one of the current service cells. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 41 / 80 34 / 60

[110] Option 4-1: The application time is defined by Tltm = max. {3Nsigtuadro'p, Tbat, Trrc, Trf}, where max{A, B, C ...} means the maximum value of A, B, C, ....

[111] Option 4-2: The application time is defined by Tltm = 3^^?^™* + max {Tbat, Trrc, Trf}.

[112] Option 4-3: The application time is defined by Tltm = 3^10. tUadr°'P+ k, where the value of k can be a specific or predetermined value, for example, configured by the RRC or reported by the UE capability.

[113] Moreover, if the target cell is one of the current service cells, the application time is defined by Tltm = 3N^otuadro,p.

[114] The Tltm application time may be in symbol units.

[115] In addition, the Tltm application time can be determined (e.g., calculated) based on the service cell's SCS, for example, the service cell's SCS UL (i.e., source cell) or the lower value of the service cell's SCS and the target cell's SCS.

[116] A fifth mode refers to some behavior of the UE after switching to the target cell.

[117] After the UE switches to the target cell, the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS configured in the TCI set or DL ​​indicated state in the CSC MAC CE is updated as the beam fault detection (RFD) RS in the target cell. In addition, the corresponding beam fault indication counter of the BFD RS set is set to zero.

[118] A power margin report is activated in the first slot by applying the LTM MAC CE, at least for the situation where the target cell is not one of the current service cells. If there is no actual PUSCH transmission, the power margin will be calculated based on a reference PUSCH transmission using the power control parameters associated with the set TCI or UL indicated state. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 42 / 80 35 / 60

[119] In some respects, the items as examples of disclosure relating to the EU or base station can be summarized as follows: 1. User equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory module; and at least one processor coupled with at least one memory module and configured to perform UE: Receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, where the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different types of QCL.

[120] 2. The EU of item 1, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type A SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[121] 3. The EU of item 1, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type C SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[122] 4. The UE of item 1, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type A TRS and the same TRS with QCL-type D and the TRS is further subjected to QCL with an SSB of the same candidate cell.

[123] 5. The UE of item 4, where at least one processor is still configured to cause the UE: to receive the TRS in the first K slots after switching to a target cell that is the candidate cell, where K >= 1.

[124] 6. The UE of item 1, where each TCI state is associated with a PL-RS and / or a set of power control parameters.

[125] 7. The UE of item 1, in which a dedicated set of power control parameters is configured for a candidate cell.

[126] 8. The UE of item 1, in which QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI state is assumed to be the standard PL-RS for the joint TCI state, and DL RS for spatial Tx filter determination UL in the TCI state UL is assumed to be the standard PL-RS for the state Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 43 / 80 36 / 60 TCI UL.

[127] 9. The UE of item 1, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[128] 10. The UE of item 1, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[129] 11. The UE of item 1, wherein at least one processor is further configured to cause the UE to: transmit a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result, wherein the beam report further includes an indication to indicate whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[130] 12. The UE of item 1, in which at least one processor is still configured to cause the UE to: receive a CE MAC carrying a cell switching command, in which the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of: a), b) and c) if the target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. { 3N^o <tuadro’P , tBaT, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3Ν^^ + màx (Tbat, Trrc, T ·' c) 3NT^^ + k; d) subquadro.p ^<;ubquadro,u 3Nslot, where 3Nslot is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[131] 13. The EU of item 12, where MAC CE also indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI states UL and TCI DL, and the Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 44 / 80 37 / 60 The RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[132] 14. A processor in a UE for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[133] 15. The processor in item 14, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type A SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[134] 16. The processor in item 14, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type C SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[135] 17. The processor in item 14, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type A TRS and the same TRS with QCL-type D and the TRS is further subjected to QCL with an SSB from the same candidate cell.

[136] 18. The processor in item 17, in which at least one controller is still configured to make the processor: receive the TRS in the first K slots after switching to a target cell that is the candidate cell, where K >= 1.

[137] 19. The processor in item 14, where each TCI state is associated with a PL-RS and / or a set of power control parameters.

[138] 20. The processor in item 14, in which a set of dedicated power control parameters is configured for a candidate cell.

[139] 21. The processor in item 14, where QCL-TypeD RS in the TCI joint state is assumed to be standard PL-RS for the TCI joint state, and DL RS for spatial Tx filter determination UL in the TCI UL state is assumed to be standard PL-RS for the TCI UL state. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 45 / 80 38 / 60

[140] 22. The processor in item 14, wherein, after the UE switches to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[141] 23. The processor in item 14, wherein, after the UE switches to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[142] 24. The processor of item 14, in which at least one controller is further configured to cause the processor to: transmit a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result, in which the beam report further includes an indication to show whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[143] 25. The processor of item 14, in which at least one controller is further configured to cause the processor to: receive a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, in which the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of: a), b) and c) if the target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. ^NsSt^^, Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3N^^α^Γ0'μ+ max {Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; c) 3Ns*d0+ + k; d) 3N^^°·μ, where ^N^^ is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; Trf is the return time of RF, and k is a predetermined value.

[144] 26. The processor in item 25, where MAC CE also indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the TCI state Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, p. 46 / 80 39 / 60 set or DL ​​is defined as the RS beam fault detection after the cell switching command application time.

[145] 27. Method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, where the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different types of QCL.

[146] 28. The method in item 27, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type A SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[147] 29. The method in item 27, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type C SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[148] 30. The method of item 27, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type A TRS and the same TRS with QCL-type D and the TRS is further subjected to QCL with an SSB of the same candidate cell.

[149] 31. The method in item 30, further comprising: receiving the TRS in the first K slots after switching to a target cell which is the candidate cell, where K >= 1.

[150] 32. The method in item 27, where each TCI state is associated with a PL-RS and / or a set of power control parameters.

[151] 33. The method in item 27, in which a set of dedicated power control parameters is configured for a candidate cell.

[152] 34. The method in item 27, where QCL-TypeD RS in the TCI joint state is assumed to be the standard PL-RS for the TCI joint state, and DL RS for spatial Tx filter determination UL in the TCI UL state is assumed to be the standard PL-RS for the TCI UL state.

[153] 35. The method of item 27, in which, after the UE switches to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 47 / 80 40 / 60 TCI code point of DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[154] 36. The method of item 27, in which, after the UE switches to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[155] 37. The method of item 27, further comprising: transmitting a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result, wherein the beam report further includes an indication to show whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[156] 38. The method of item 27, further comprising: receiving a MAC CE bearing a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of: a), b) and c) if the target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. { 3Ng'lo <t^ad^0'p, Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3Ν™ο?^™’μ+ máx {Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; c) 3Ν™ο?^™’μ+ subquadro,μO»7subquadro, μ k; d) 3Nslot , onde 3 Nsloté o tempo regular de aplicação para um MAC CE; Tbat é o tempo de aplicação do feixe; Trrc é o tempo de atualização do RRC; e Trf é o tempo de retorno de RF, k é um valor predeterminado.

[157] 39. The method in item 38, where MAC CE also indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[158] A base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 48 / 80 41 / 60 at least one processor coupled with at least one memory and configured to act as a base station: transmit a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, where the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[159] 41. The base station of item 40, in which each TCI state includes a QCL-type A SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[160] 42. The base station of item 40, in which each TCI state includes a QCL-type C SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[161] 43. The base station of item 40, in which each TCI state includes a QCL-type A TRS and the same TRS with QCL-type D and the TRS is further subjected to QCL with an SSB of the same candidate cell.

[162] 44. The base station of item 43, in which at least one processor is further configured to cause the base station to: transmit the TRS in the first K slots after a UE switching to a target cell that is the candidate cell, where K >= 1.

[163] 45. The base station of item 40, in which each TCI state is associated with a PL-RS and / or a set of power control parameters.

[164] 46. The base station of item 40, in which a set of dedicated power control parameters is configured for a candidate cell.

[165] 47. The base station of item 40, in which QCL-TypeD RS in the TCI joint state is assumed to be standard PL-RS for the TCI joint state, and DL RS for spatial Tx filter determination UL in the TCI UL state is assumed to be standard PL-RS for the TCI UL state.

[166] 48. The base station of item 40, in which, after a UE switches to a target cell, to joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI 1_1 or 1_2 format of Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 49 / 80 42 / 60 target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[167] 49. The base station of item 40, in which, after a UE switches to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[168] 50. The base station of item 40, in which at least one processor is further configured to cause the base station to: receive a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result, in which the beam report further includes an indication to show whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[169] 51. The base station of item 40, in which at least one processor is further configured to cause the base station to: transmit a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, in which the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of: a), b) and c) if the target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. {3N™^α^O'μ, Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3N™^α^^+max {Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; c) 3N*α^°'P+ k; d) 3N*adro'p, where 3N^.ttuadr0,' is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, where k is a predetermined value.

[170] 52. The UE of item 51, in which MAC CE still indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[171] 53. A processor in a base station for wireless communication, comprising: Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pages 50 / 80 43 / 60 at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: transmit a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[172] 54. The processor in item 53, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type A SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[173] 55. The processor in item 53, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type C SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[174] 56. The processor in item 53, where each TCI state includes a QCL-type A TRS and the same TRS with QCL-type D and the TRS is further subjected to QCL with an SSB from the same candidate cell.

[175] 57. The processor of item 56, in which at least one controller is further configured to cause the processor to: transmit the TRS in the first K slots after a UE switching to a target cell that is the candidate cell, where K >= 1.

[176] 58. The processor in item 53, where each TCI state is associated with a PL-RS and / or a set of power control parameters.

[177] 59. The processor in item 53, in which a set of dedicated power control parameters is configured for a candidate cell.

[178] 60. The processor in item 53, where QCL-TypeD RS in the TCI joint state is assumed to be standard PL-RS for the TCI joint state, and DL RS for spatial Tx filter determination UL in the TCI UL state is assumed to be standard PL-RS for the TCI UL state.

[179] 61. The processor of item 53, in which, after a UE switches to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI 1_1 or 1_2 format of Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 51 / 80 44 / 60 target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[180] 62. The processor of item 53, in which, after a UE switches to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[181] 63. The processor of item 53, in which at least one controller is further configured to cause the processor to: receive a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result, in which the beam report further includes an indication to show whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[182] 64. The processor of item 53, in which at least one controller is further configured to cause the processor to: transmit a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, in which the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of: a), b) and c) if the target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max {3N™^α^O'μ, Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3^^^^ + max {Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; c) 3N*α^°'P+ k; d) 3N*adro'p, where 3N^ttuadr0,' is the regular application time for a MAC CE; TBAT is the beam application time; TRRC is the RRC update time; TRF is the return period of RF, and k is a predetermined value.

[183] 65. The processor in item 64, where MAC CE also indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[184] 66. A method carried out by a base station, the method Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, page 52 / 80 45 / 60 comprising: transmit a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, where the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[185] 67. The method of item 66, in which each TCI state includes a QCL-type A SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[186] 68. The method in item 66, whereby each TCI state includes a QCL-type C SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

[187] 69. The method of item 66, in which each TCI state includes a QCL-type A TRS and the same TRS with QCL-type D and the TRS is further subjected to QCL with an SSB of the same candidate cell.

[188] 70. The method of item 69, further comprising: transmitting the TRS in the first K slots after a UE switches to a target cell that is the candidate cell, where K >= 1.

[189] 71. The method in item 66, where each TCI state is associated with a PL-RS and / or a set of power control parameters.

[190] 72. The method in item 66, in which a set of dedicated power control parameters is configured for a candidate cell.

[191] 73. The method in item 66, where QCL-TypeD RS in the TCI joint state is assumed to be the standard PL-RS for the TCI joint state, and DL RS for spatial Tx filter determination UL in the TCI UL state is assumed to be the standard PL-RS for the TCI UL state.

[192] 74. The method of item 66, in which, after a UE switches to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[193] 75. The method of item 66, in which, after a UE switches to a target cell, to separate TCI mode, the Nth pair Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 53 / 80 46 / 60 activated TCI states for the target cell are mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[194] 76. The method of item 66, further comprising: receiving a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result, wherein the beam report further includes an indication to show whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[195] 77. The method of item 66, further comprising: transmitting a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if the target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. ^nSUS^™^, Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3N^board'P+max {Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; soso . subframe,μ . . .. sububauadro.u , .subquadro, μ c) 3Nslot + k; d) 3Nslot, where 3NslotH is the regular application time for a CE MAC; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[196] 78. The method in item 77, where MAC CE also indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[197] In some respects, the second items as examples of disclosure relating to the EU or base station can be summarized as follows: Second item 1. User equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory module; and at least one processor coupled with at least one Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 54 / 80 47 / 60 memory and configured to do the UE: Receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells and receive one or more MAC CEs to activate one or more TCI states for one or multiple candidate cells.

[198] 2. The UE of the second item 1, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[199] 3. The UE of the second item 1, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[200] 4. A processor in a UE for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to perform the processing: Receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells and receive one or more MAC CEs to activate one or more TCI states for one or multiple candidate cells.

[201] 5. The processor of the second item 4, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[202] 6. The processor of the second item 4, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 55 / 80 48 / 60

[203] 7. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receive a TCI state configuration from each or more candidate cells, and receive one or more MAC CEs to activate one or more TCI states for one or more candidate cells.

[204] 8. The method of the second item 7, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[205] 9. The method of the second item 7, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[206] 10. A base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory module; and at least one processor coupled with that memory module and configured to act as a base station. To transmit a TCI state configuration for each or multiple candidate cells, and to transmit one or more MAC CEs to activate one or more TCI states for one or multiple candidate cells.

[207] 11. The base station of the second item 10, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[208] 12. The base station of the second item 10, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 56 / 80 49 / 60 for the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[209] 13. A processor in a base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to perform the processing: To transmit a TCI state configuration for each or multiple candidate cells, and to transmit one or more MAC CEs to activate one or more TCI states for one or multiple candidate cells.

[210] 14. The processor of the second item 13, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[211] 15. The processor of the second item 13, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[212] 16. A method implemented by a base station, the method comprising: To transmit a TCI state configuration for each or more candidate cells, and to transmit one or more MAC CEs to activate one or more TCI states for one or more candidate cells.

[213] 17. The method of the second item 16, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[214] 18. The method of the second item 16, in which, after switching to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth pair Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 57 / 80 50 / 60 activated TCI states for the target cell are mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

[215] In some respects, third items as examples of disclosure relating to the EU or base station can be summarized as follows: Third item 1. User equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory module; and at least one processor coupled with at least one memory module and configured to perform UE: transmit a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result.

[216] 2. The EU of the third item 1, where the beam report also includes an indication to indicate whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[217] 3. The UE of the third item 1, in which at least one processor is still configured to make the UE: transmit the ability to report the L3 measurement result; and receive a beam report setting indicating whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[218] 4. A processor in a UE for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to perform the processing: transmit a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result.

[219] 5. The processor of the third item 4, in which the beam report also includes an indication to indicate whether the measurement result L1 or the measurement result L3 is Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pages 58 / 80 51 / 60 included in the beam report.

[220] 6. Processor from item 4, in which at least one controller is still configured to do the processing: transmit the ability to report the L3 measurement result; and receive a beam report setting indicating whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[221] 7. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: transmit a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result.

[222] 8. The method of the third item 7, in which the beam report also includes an indication to indicate whether the measurement result L1 or the measurement result L3 is included in the beam report.

[223] 9. The method of the third item 7, also comprising: transmit the ability to report the L3 measurement result; and receive a beam report setting on whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[224] 10. A base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory module; and at least one processor coupled with that memory module and configured to act as a base station. Receive a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result.

[225] 11. The base station of the third item 10, in which the beam report also includes an indication to indicate whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 59 / 80 52 / 60

[226] 12. The base station of the third item 10, at least one processor is still configured to make the base station: Receive the ability to report the L3 measurement result; and transmit a beam report configuration indicating whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[227] 13. A processor in a base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to perform the processing: Receive a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result.

[228] 14. The processor of the third item 13, where the beam report also includes an indication to indicate whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[229] 15. Processor from item 13, in which at least one controller is still configured to do the processing: Receive the capability to report the L3 measurement result; and transmit a beam report configuration indicating whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[230] 16. A method implemented by a base station, the method comprising: Receive a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result.

[231] 17. The method of the third item 16, in which the beam report also includes an indication to indicate whether the measurement result L1 or the measurement result L3 is included in the beam report. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 60 / 80 53 / 60

[232] 18. The method of the third item 16, further comprising: receiving the capability to report the measurement result L3; and transmit a beam report configuration indicating whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

[233] In some respects, the fourth items as examples of disclosure relating to the EU or base station can be summarized as follows: Fourth item 1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory module; and at least one processor coupled with at least one memory module and configured to perform UE: To receive a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if a target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. (3N*1'™·'', Tbat, T. , TF ; b) 3^^^ + max (Tbat, T..c, Tf ; c) 3N“'í'“adr”· + k; d) 3^^^ , where 3^^^ is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[234] 2. The UE of item 1, where MAC CE still indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[235] 3. A processor in a UE for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 61 / 80 54 / 60 memory and configured to make the processor: to receive a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if a target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. (3^^™, t , t.. , TF ; b) ·;\·;:—;· + max T , T. , Trf); c) 3^«^™ + k; d) 3N^'““'Γ°·μ, where 3^^°11 is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbaton is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[236] 4. The processor of the fourth item 3, in which MAC CE still indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[237] 5. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: To receive a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if a target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. ÍN'“7:· ' , Tbat, Trrc, Trf); b) 3N'“::“·1· + max (Tbat, Trrc, Trf); c) 3^^1^ + k; d) 3^^°^ , where 3^^--^ is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[238] 6. The method of the fourth item 5, in which MAC CE also indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI states UL and TCI Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 62 / 80 55 / 60 DL, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the TCI state, or DL ​​is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[239] 7. A base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory module; and at least one processor coupled with that memory module and configured to act as a base station. transmit a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if a target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. ÍN';?:' , Tbat, Trrc, Trf); b) 3N»^^»·μ+m4x(Tbat, Trrc, Trr); c) 3^^^ + k; d) 3^^^ , where 3^^^^ is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[240] 8. The base station of item 7, in which MAC CE still indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[241] 9. A processor in a base station for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to perform the processing: transmit a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if a cell Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 63 / 80 56 / 60 target indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. (3^^..^, . Trrc, Trf); b) 3Ns^r».„ + max(Tbrt, . , Trf); c) 3N^™α·μ+ k; d) 3^^^ , where 3^^^ is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[242] 10. The processor of the fourth item 9, in which MAC CE still indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

[243] 11. A method implemented by a base station, the method comprising: Transmit a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if a target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. {3^^««^, tbat, Trrc, Trf); b) 3N^^»> + max (Tbat, Trrc, Trf); c) 3N^™α·μ+ k; d) 3^^^ , where 3^^^ is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[244] 12. The method of the fourth item 11, in which MAC CE also indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 64 / 80 57 / 60

[245] Figure 6 illustrates a flowchart of a 600 method according to aspects of this disclosure. The method operations can be implemented by a UE as described in this document. In some implementations, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the UE's function elements to perform the functions.

[246] In 602, receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[247] Figure 7 illustrates a flowchart of a 700 method according to aspects of the present disclosure. The method operations can be implemented by a NE as described in this document. In some implementations, the NE can execute a set of instructions to control the NE's function elements to perform the functions.

[248] In 702, transmit a TCI state configuration of each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

[249] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of an 800 method according to aspects of this disclosure. The method operations can be implemented by a UE as described in this document. In some implementations, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the UE's function elements to perform the functions.

[250] In 802, receiving a TCI indicates the configuration of each one or more candidate cells.

[251] In 804, receive one or more MAC CEs to activate one or more TCI states for one or more candidate cells.

[252] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a 900 method according to aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method can be implemented by a NE as described. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pages 65 / 80 58 / 60 in this document. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the NE's function elements to perform the functions.

[253] In 902, the transmission of a TCI indicates the configuration of each one or more candidate cells.

[254] In 904, transmit one or more MAC CEs to activate one or more TCI states for one or more candidate cells.

[255] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of a 1000 method according to aspects of this disclosure. The method operations can be implemented by a UE as described in this document. In some implementations, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the UE's function elements to perform the functions.

[256] In 1002, transmitting a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result.

[257] Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 according to aspects of the present disclosure. The method operations can be implemented by a NE as described in this document. In some implementations, the NE can execute a set of instructions to control the NE's function elements to perform the functions.

[258] In 1102, receive a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result.

[259] Figure 12 illustrates a flowchart of a 1200 method according to aspects of this disclosure. The method operations can be implemented by a UE as described in this document. In some implementations, the UE can execute a set of instructions to control the UE's function elements to perform the functions.

[260] In 1202, receive a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if a target cell indicated in the cell switching command does not Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pages 66 / 80 59 / 60 for one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. {3Ngio'tUadr0'p, Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3Ns^tuadro'P + max {Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; c) 3N*^Γ0'μ+ k; d) 3N^o^0,P, where 3N^a^0., is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[261] Figure 13 illustrates a flowchart of a 1300 method according to aspects of the present disclosure. The method operations can be implemented by a NE as described in this document. In some implementations, the NE can execute a set of instructions to control the NE's function elements to perform the functions.

[262] In 1302, transmit a MAC CE carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if a target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. {3N™otua^^ Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3Ns^quadro,P +max {Tbat, Trrc, subouadro.pO,..subquadro,pO»7subouadro, μ Trf}; c) 3Nslot + k; d) 3Nslot , where 3NslotHe is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

[263] It should be noted that the method described in this document describes one possible implementation, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or modified in other ways and that other implementations are possible.

[264] The description in this document is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person skilled in the art, and the general principles set forth in this document may be applied to other variations without departing from the Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pages 67 / 80 60 / 60 scope of disclosure. Thus, disclosure is not limited to the examples and projects described in this document, but should receive the broadest scope consistent with the innovative principles and resources disclosed in this document. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 68 / 80

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. User equipment (UE) for wireless communication, characterized in that it comprises: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with at least one memory and configured to make the UE: receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

2. EU, according to claim 1, characterized in that each TCI state includes a QCL-type A SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

3. EU, according to claim 1, characterized in that each TCI state includes a QCL-type C SSB and the same SSB with QCL-type D.

4. EU, according to claim 1, characterized in that each TCI state includes a QCL-type A TRS and the same TRS with QCL-type D, and the TRS is subjected to QCL with an SSB of the same candidate cell.

5. UE, according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one processor is further configured to perform the UE: receive the TRS in the first K slots after switching to a target cell that is the candidate cell, where K >= 1.

6. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that each TCI state is associated with a PL-RS and / or a set of power control parameters. Petition 870250086441, dated 24 / 09 / 2025, pp. 69 / 80 2 / 4 7. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that a dedicated set of power control parameters is configured for a candidate cell.

8. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that, QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI state is assumed to be the standard PL-RS for the joint TCI state, and DL RS for spatial Tx filter determination in the UL TCI state is assumed to be the standard PLRS for the UL TCI state.

9. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that, after switching to a target cell, to the joint TCI mode, the Nth TCI state activated for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

10. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that, after switching to a target cell, to the separate TCI mode, the Nth activated pair of TCI states for the target cell is mapped to the Nth TCI code point of the DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 of the target cell, where N is a positive integer.

11. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one processor is further configured to perform the UE: transmit a beam report including an L1 measurement result or an L3 measurement result, wherein the beam report further includes an indication to show whether the L1 measurement result or the L3 measurement result is included in the beam report.

12. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one processor is further configured to make the UE: Petition 870250086441, dated 24 / 09 / 2025, page 70 / 80 3 / 4 receive a CE MAC carrying a cell switching command, wherein the application time of the cell switching command is determined by one of a), b) and c) if the target cell indicated in the cell switching command is not one of the current service cells, and is determined by d) if the target cell is one of the current service cells: a) max. ^Ns^ot^™*, Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; b) 3N^^α^Γ0·μ + max {Tbat, Trrc, Trf}; c) 3N^^ο'μ + k; d) 3Ns*α^'P, where 3Ns^tqUadr0'μ is the regular application time for a MAC CE; Tbat is the beam application time; Trrc is the RRC update time; and Trf is the RF return time, k is a predetermined value.

13. UE, according to claim 12, characterized in that the MAC CE further indicates a joint TCI state or a pair of TCI UL and TCI DL states, and the RS corresponding to the QCL-TypeD RS in the joint TCI or DL ​​state is defined as the beam fault detection RS after the cell switching command application time.

14. Processor for wireless communication, characterized in that it comprises: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to make the processor: receive a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different types of QCL.

15. Method implemented by a user device (UD), the method characterized in that it comprises: receiving a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different QCL types.

16. Base station for wireless communication, characterized in that it comprises: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to make the base station: transmit a TCI state configuration from each or multiple candidate cells, wherein the TCI state configuration includes multiple TCI states, and each TCI state provides two different types of QCL. Petition 870250086441, dated 09 / 24 / 2025, pp. 72 / 80

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