Unified low-power activation signal device for different types of activation receivers

Description

UNIFIED LOW-POWER ACTIVATION SIGNAL DEVICE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVATION RECEIVERS TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This application relates generally to wireless communication systems and, in particular, to the generation of a low-power wake signal (WUS) in a network device for different types of user equipment wake receivers. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a network device (e.g., a base station, a network access point, or a relay) and a wireless communication device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)). Wireless communication system standards and protocols may include, for example, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) (e.g., 4G), the new radio (NR) technology of 3GPP (e.g., 5G), and the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs) (commonly known by industry groups as Wi-Fi®).

[0003] As contemplated by 3GPP, different standards and protocols for wireless communication systems may use various radio access networks (RANs) for communication between a network device (e.g., a base station, a network access point, or a relay) of the RAN (which may also sometimes be generically called a RAN node, network node, or simply a node) and a wireless communication device, known as a user equipment (UE). 3GPP RANs may include, for example, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rate RAN for GSM Evolution (EDGE) (GERAN), Universal Network of Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, page 36 / 68 2 / 23 terrestrial radio access (UTRAN), evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) and / or next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN).

[0004] Each RAN can use one or more radio access technologies (RATs) to perform communication between the network device and the UE. For example, GERAN implements GSM and / or EDGE RAT, UTRAN implements Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) RAT or another 3GPP RAT, E-UTRAN implements LTE RAT (sometimes simply called LTE), and NG-RAN implements NR RAT (sometimes called in the present invention 5G RAT, 5G NR RAT or simply NR). In certain deployments, E-UTRAN may also implement NR RAT. In certain deployments, NG-RAN may also implement LTE RAT.

[0005] A network device (for example, a base station, a network access point, or a repeater) used by a RAN may correspond to that RAN. An example of a network device might be an E-UTRAN base station, which is an evolved Terrestrial Radio Access Universal Network (E-UTRAN) B node (also commonly referred to as an evolved B node, enhanced B node, eNodeB, or eNB). Another example of a network device might be an NG-RAN base station, which is a next-generation B node (sometimes also called a gNode B or gNB).

[0006] A RAN provides its communication services to external entities through its connection to a core network (CN). For example, an E-UTRAN might use an evolved packet core (EPC), while an NG-RAN might use a 5G core network (5GC). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] To easily identify the discussion of any specific element or action, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is discussed. Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, page 37 / 68 3 / 23 is introduced for the first time.

[0008] To easily identify the discussion of any specific element or action, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.

[0009] Figure 1 shows a communication system including multiple user devices (UEs) communicating with a network device.

[0010] Figure 2 shows an example of a method for generating and transmitting a sequence of wake-up signals (WUS) from a network device to a user device, according to some modalities.

[0011] Figure 3 shows an example of a method corresponding to receiving a sequence of WUSs in a UE, according to some modalities.

[0012] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system architecture, according to the modalities disclosed herein.

[0013] Figure 5 illustrates a system for performing signaling between a wireless device and a network device, according to the modalities disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] Various embodiments are described in relation to a network device and / or a user equipment (UE). However, the reference to a UE is provided merely for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments can be used with any electronic component that can establish a connection to a network and is configured with hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data with a network. Therefore, the UE as described here is used to represent any suitable electronic device. Similarly, various embodiments are described in relation to a Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, page 38 / 68 4 / 23 network device, which may be a network access point, a base station and / or a relay station deployed on a terrestrial network (TN), a satellite and / or a high-altitude platform system (HAPS) including manned or unmanned aerial vehicles etc.

[0015] Several embodiments described in this document relate to methods of generating a low-power activation signal (WUS) that can be received by various activation receivers different from UEs. In other words, several embodiments in the present invention provide the UE with the flexibility to choose a specific type of activation signal receiver (or activation receiver (WUR)) to achieve the desired balance between complexity, power consumption, and WUR performance.

[0016] Figure 1 shows a communication system 100 including multiple UEs 104, 106, 108, 110 communicating with a network device 102. The network device 102 can be a base station, a network access point, or a relay station that is deployed in a terrestrial network (TN) or a non-terrestrial network (NTN). The network device 102 can communicate in an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) direction with the UEs 104, 106, 108, 110. Generally, the main radio of each of the UEs 104, 106, 108, 110 can be inactive (or in a sleep mode) and periodically activated to receive communications from the network device 102. For example, it may be necessary to activate one UE to receive a call originating from another UE. The UE can receive a WUS to activate the UE, and this WUS is received by a WUR of the UE.

[0017] For simplicity's sake, the modes are first described assuming a simple on / off WUS sequence without payload bits and are subsequently extended to cases with multiple payload bits.

[0018] As described here, a UE may have a WUR of a type Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, p. 39 / 68 5 / 23 of a specific WUR, for example, an on / off switching (OOK) type of receiver or a sequence-based type of receiver. The WUS can be generated by a network device according to one or more sequences. The network device can map the one or more sequences of WUSs to N subcarriers of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. The N subcarriers can be frequency-division (or domain) multiplexed (FDMed) with other legacy radio signals and processed via an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate the OFDM signal that carries the WUS.

[0019] An UE including an OOK-based receiver can filter a WUS signal in the received OFDM signal on N subcarriers. In other words, if a signal is detected within the N subcarriers of the received OFDM symbol (for example, if the received energy within the N subcarriers is greater than a threshold), the UE can consider it as a WUS signal and perform an action corresponding to the received WUS, such as activating the main radio, etc.

[0020] An UE including a sequence-based receiver can filter a WUS signal in the received OFDM signal on N subcarriers. In other words, if one or more known sequences are detected after processing the received OFDM signal, the UE can consider that a WUS has been received in the UE and perform an action corresponding to the received WUS, such as activating the main radio, etc.

[0021] As a non-limiting example, each UE may have a respective set of known sequences, which may include one or more sequences. Additionally or alternatively, a subset of UEs may have a respective set of known sequences, and each UE in the subset of UEs may be activated using its respective set of known sequences. As a non-limiting example, the subset of UEs may include one or more UEs with a type of Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, p. 40 / 68 6 / 23 receiver based on OOK and / or one or more UEs with a sequence-based receiver type. And each UE in the subset of UEs can detect a WUS signal as described herein and according to its WUR type. Consequently, to activate all UEs in a specific subset of UEs, a network device can transmit one or more sequences that are being monitored by each UE in the subset of UEs (or one or more sequences corresponding to each UE of the UEs in the subset). Alternatively, the one or more sequences being monitored by each UE in the subset of UEs (or the one or more sequences corresponding to each UE in the subset of UEs) can be transmitted simultaneously to each UE.

[0022] In some embodiments and by way of non-limiting example, multiple UEs may monitor a WUS at the same time (e.g., on the same time and frequency resources), some of the multiple UEs may have an OOK-based receiver and some other UEs may have a sequence-based receiver. For a UE with an OOK-based receiver, the UE may consider that a WUS has been received if any signal has been transmitted on one or more matching subcarriers, even if the WUS received in the UE includes a sequence intended for a different UE. On the other hand, a UE that has a sequence-based receiver may consider that a WUS has been received if a sequence detected in the WUS is a sequence known to the UE or a sequence that is expected by the UE in a WUS.In some embodiments, and by way of non-limiting example, UEs with an OOK-based receiver and UEs with a received sequence can monitor a WUS on different occasions, for example, on different orthogonal time and / or frequency resources. A network device can transmit one of the predefined sequences of WUSs or any sequence of WUSs to a UE. Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, p. 41 / 68 7 / 23 type receiver based on OOK on the occasion of corresponding monitoring. And for a UE of a sequence-based received type, a network device can transmit a sequence in a WUS that corresponds to the UE.

[0023] In some embodiments and by way of non-limiting example, a UE may or may not report a specific UE receiver type to a network device. Consequently, a specific UE receiver type (e.g., an OOK-based receiver type or a sequence-based receiver type) may or may not be known by the network device.

[0024] In some embodiments, to transmit a WUS to a UE whose specific receiver type is unknown to a network device, the network device can generate a WUS that can be received by the UE regardless of the UE's receiver type as a WUS. To do this, each UE, regardless of its receiver type, can have a sequence associated with it, which is commonly known by the UE and the network device. The sequence can be generated using parameters known to both the network device and the UE. The network device can use the corresponding sequence to generate a WUS for the UE, which can be received by the UE regardless of its receiver type as a WUS.

[0025] In some embodiments and by way of non-limiting example, a network device may disregard a specific receiver type reported by a UE and the network device may transmit one or more sequences of WUSs that are assigned or reserved by the network device for the UE or a subset of the UEs.

[0026] As described herein, a UE including an OOK-based receiver can be activated by transmitting any sequence to the UE, and a specific sequence to activate the UE may not be required. However, in some embodiments, a specific sequence is required. Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, p. 42 / 68 8 / 23 to be used for activating a UE including an OOK-based receiver may be predefined or reserved by the network device, even if the UE does not require a specific sequence to activate the UE. The specific sequence is predefined or reserved by the network device for the UE, including the OOK-based receiver, whether or not the UE has reported its corresponding WUR type to the network device.

[0027] Conversely, a UE including a sequence-based receiver may be activated by transmitting a specific sequence that the UE knows is active. Consequently, the specific sequence known to the UE may be generated using parameters known to both the network device and the UE, parameters which may include at least one or more subcarriers, a UE identifier (ID) or an identifier for a WUS sequence generation, and / or a bit count or sequence count (e.g., 2 bits or 4 sequences) to generate the WUS sequence.

[0028] By using a predefined or reserved sequence for UEs with an OOK-based receiver that is different from the sequences used for UEs with a sequence-based receiver, a network device can avoid activating UEs with an OOK-based receiver while transmitting a WUS including a sequence that matches a sequence-based UE. Alternatively, the network device may not have a predefined sequence or a reserved sequence for UEs with an OOK-based receiver. And to activate a UE with an OOK-based receiver, the network device may transmit any sequence that is also associated with a UE that has a sequence-based receiver (and causing the UE to be activated unintentionally).

[0029] The methods discussed so far can be extended to cases where multiple bits are carried in a WUS, instead of a simple on / off signal, by applying the same mechanism to Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, p. 43 / 68 9 / 23 each bit of the multiple bits. As a non-limiting example, the bit count used to generate a sequence of WUSs (for the OOK-based receiver type and / or the sequence-based receiver type) can be the number M of bits, which corresponds to the number M of sequences. The number M of sequences can be the same or different sequences. As a non-limiting example, a hopping pattern can be defined for the number M of sequences, for example, for interference randomization. Additionally or alternatively, one or more sequence numbers known to the UE can be predefined and known by both the UE and the network device.

[0030] In some embodiments, each multi-bit, or each sequence of multiple sequences, can be carried by different sets of subcarriers, and each set of subcarriers can include K subcarriers of an OFDM signal. Each multi-bit can be applied to K respective subcarriers, and a UE and a network device each have knowledge of which K subcarriers should be used to generate a sequence of WUSs or to carry a sequence of WUSs.

[0031] In addition or alternatively, in some embodiments, multiple bits can be mapped to multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain, and each bit is applied to N subcarriers in the respective OFDM symbol.

[0032] Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, a bit 1 can be generated by mapping a sequence of WUSs to multiple samples in the time domain. If multiple bits are carried within an OFDM symbol, one or more multiple sequences can be concatenated in time and transformed into a frequency domain for frequency division multiplexing (or domain) with other legacy radio signals and processing via an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, page 44 / 68 10 / 23 an OFDM signal. Consequently, multiple samples in the time domain can carry a sequence that is known by a UE that includes a sequence-based receiver.

[0033] Figure 2 shows an example of a method for generating and transmitting a wake-up signal (WUS) sequence from a network device to a user device, according to several embodiments. As shown in flowchart 200, in 202, the network device can identify a specific UE among multiple UEs or a subset of UEs among multiple UEs to be woken up, for example, based on a call received for the specific UE or a group multimedia message for the subset of UEs. In 204, a WUS sequence corresponding to the UE identified in 202 can be determined by a network device. The WUS sequence can be a sequence reserved for an OOK-based receiver type and / or a sequence associated with a specific UE of the sequence-based receiver type. In 206, the network device can transmit a WUS sequence to wake up the specific UE.

[0034] In some modes, to activate a specific UE, more than one sequence of WUSs may be required and, consequently, in 204, more than one sequence of WUSs may be determined and transmitted to the specific UE in 206 simultaneously or sequentially.

[0035] Figure 3 shows an example of a method corresponding to receiving a sequence of WUSs in a UE, according to some embodiments. As shown in flowchart 300, in 302, a UE can receive, from a network device, a signal in one or more subcarriers of an OFDM signal. The OFDM signal may include one or more sequences of WUSs if the OFDM signal is transmitted to the UE by the network device to activate the UE. The one or more sequences of WUSs may be based on a specific WUR type. Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, p. 45 / 68 11 / 23 reported by the UE for the network device. In 304, the UE can determine whether the received OFDM signal includes one or more WUS sequences to activate the main radio based on the UE's specific WUR type, as described here.

[0036] The embodiments contemplated here include an apparatus with means to perform one or more elements of method 200 or 300. In the context of method 300, the apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 502 which is a UE, as described herein). In the context of method 200, the apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a network device (such as a network device 520 which is a network access point, as described herein).

[0037] The embodiments contemplated herein include one or more computer-readable non-transient media that store instructions to cause an electronic device, after the execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of method 200 or 300. In the context of method 300, the computer-readable non-transient media may be, for example, a memory of a UE (such as a memory 506 of a wireless device 502 that is a UE, as described herein). In the context of method 200, the computer-readable non-transient media may be, for example, a memory of a network device (such as a memory 524 of a network device 520 that is a network access point or a base station, as described herein).

[0038] The embodiments contemplated here include an apparatus that has logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of method 200 or 300. In the context of method 300, the apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a 502 wireless device which is a UE, as described herein). In the context of method 200, the apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a device of Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, p. 46 / 68 12 / 23 network (such as a 520 network device which is a network access point, as described here).

[0039] The embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus equipped with one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media, which uses or stores instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of method 200 or 300. In the context of method 300, the apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 502 which is a UE, as described herein). In the context of method 200, the apparatus may be, for example, a device of a network device (such as a network device 520 which is a network access point or a base station, as described herein).

[0040] The modalities contemplated here include a signal as described in or relating to one or more elements of method 200 or 300.

[0041] The embodiments contemplated here include a computer program or a computer program product that has instructions, wherein the execution of the program by a processor causes the processor to perform one or more elements of method 200 or 300. In the context of method 300, the processor may be a processor of a UE (such as one or more processors 504 of a wireless device 502 that is a UE, as described herein). And the instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or in a memory of the UE (such as a memory 506 of a wireless device 502 that is a UE, as described herein). In the context of method 200, the processor may be a processor of a network device (such as one or more processors 522 of a network device 520 that is a network access point or a base station, as described herein). And the instructions may be, for example, located in the processor Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, page 47 / 68 13 / 23 and / or in a network device memory (such as a 524 memory of a 520 network device that is a network access point or a base station, as described herein).

[0042] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a 400 wireless communication system architecture, according to the embodiments disclosed herein. The following description is provided for an example of a 400 wireless communication system that operates in conjunction with LTE system standards and / or 5G or NR system standards, as provided by the 3GPP technical specifications.

[0043] As shown in Figure 4, the wireless communication system 400 includes UE 402 and UE 404 (although any number of UEs may be used). In this example, UE 402 and UE 404 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., portable mobile computing devices with a touch screen connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also include any mobile or non-mobile computing device configured for wireless communication.

[0044] The UE 402 and UE 404 can be configured to communicatively couple to a RAN 406. In various embodiments, the RAN 406 can be NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, etc. The UE 402 and UE 404 use connections, or channels, (shown as connection 408 and connection 410, respectively) with the RAN 406, each comprising a physical communications interface. The RAN 406 may include one or more base stations, such as base station 412 and base station 414, which enable connection 408 and connection 410. In some embodiments, the RAN 406 may include one or more relays.

[0045] In this example, connection 408 and connection 410 are air interfaces that enable such communicative coupling, and may be consistent with the RAT(s) used by RAN 406, such as an LTE and / or an NR. Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pages 48 / 68 14 / 23

[0046] In some embodiments, UE 402 and UE 404 can also exchange communication data directly through a side link interface 416. UE 404 is shown as being configured to access an access point (shown as AP 418) via connection 420. By way of example, connection 420 might comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, while AP 418 might comprise a Wi-Fi® router. In this example, AP 418 can be connected to another network (e.g., the Internet) without going through a CN 424.

[0047] In the embodiments, UE 402 and UE 404 may be configured to communicate using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with base station 412 and / or base station 414 via a multi-carrier communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited to this subject matter. The OFDM signals may comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

[0048] In some modes, all or parts of the base station 412 or base station 414 can be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network. Additionally, or in other embodiments, base station 412 and base station 414 can be configured to communicate with each other via interface 422. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 400 is an LTE system (for example, when CN 424 is an EPC), interface 422 can be... Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, page 49 / 68 15 / 23 an X2 interface. The X2 interface can be defined between two or more base stations (e.g., two or more eNBs and similar) that connect to an EPC and / or between two eNBs that connect to the EPC. In modes where the 400 wireless communication system is an NR system (e.g., when CN 424 is a 5GC), the 422 interface can be an Xn interface. The Xn interface is defined between two or more base stations (e.g., two or more gNBs and similar) that connect to the 5GC, between a 412 base station (e.g., a gNB) that connects to the 5GC and an eNB, and / or between two eNBs that connect to the 5GC (e.g., CN 424).

[0049] RAN 406 is shown as being communicatively coupled to CN 424. CN 424 may comprise one or more 426 network elements, which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to clients / subscribers (e.g., UE 402 and UE 404 users) who are connected to CN 424 via RAN 406. The components of CN 424 may be implemented in one or separate physical devices, including components for reading and executing instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable non-transient storage medium).

[0050] In the modalities, CN 424 can be an EPC and RAN 406 can be connected to CN 424 through an S1 428 interface. In the modalities, the S1 428 interface can be divided into two parts: an S1 user plane interface (S1-U), which carries traffic data between base station 412 or base station 414 and a server communication port (S-GW), and the S1-MME interface, which is a signaling interface between base station 412 or base station 414 and mobility management entities (MMEs).

[0051] In the modalities, CN 424 can be a 5GC, and RAN 406 can be connected to CN 424 via an NG 428 interface. Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pp. 50 / 68 16 / 23 In the modalities, the NG 428 interface can be divided into two parts: an NG user plane interface (NG-U), which carries traffic data between base station 412 or base station 414 and a user plane function (UPF), and the S1 control plane interface (NG-C), which is a signaling interface between base station 412 or base station 414 and access and mobility management functions (AMFs).

[0052] In general, a 430 application server can be an element that offers applications that use Internet Protocol (IP) holding resources with CN 424 (e.g., packet-switched data services). The 430 application server can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., VoIP sessions, group communication sessions, etc.) for UE 402 and UE 404 through CN 424. The 430 application server can communicate with CN 424 through an IP communications interface 432.

[0053] Figure 5 illustrates a 500 system for performing signaling. 538 between a wireless device 502 and a network device 520, according to the embodiments disclosed herein. The system 500 may be a portion of a wireless communication system, as described herein. The wireless device 502 may be, for example, a UE of a wireless communication system. The network device 520 may be, for example, a base station (e.g., an eNB or a gNB) or a relay of a wireless communication system.

[0054] The 502 wireless device may include one or more 504 processors. The 504 processors may execute instructions so that various operations of the 502 wireless device are performed, as described herein. The 504 processors may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a signal processor. Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pp. 51 / 68 17 / 23 digital (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a controller, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof, configured to perform the operations described herein.

[0055] The wireless device 502 may include a memory 506. The memory 506 may be a computer-readable non-transient storage medium that stores instructions 508 (which may include, for example, the instructions that are executed by the processor(s) 504). The instructions 508 may also be called program code or a computer program. The memory 506 may also store the data used and the results computed by the processor(s) 504.

[0056] Wireless device 502 may include one or more transceivers 510 which may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and / or receiver circuit that uses the antenna(s) 512 of wireless device 502 to facilitate signaling (e.g., signaling 540) to and / or from wireless device 502 with other devices (e.g., network device 520) in accordance with the corresponding RATs.

[0057] The 502 wireless device may include one or more antennas. 512 (for example, one, two, four or more). For modes with multiple 512 antennas, the 502 wireless device can leverage the spatial diversity of these multiple 512 antennas to send and / or receive multiple different data streams using the same time and frequency resources. This behavior can be called, for example, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) behavior (with reference to the multiple antennas used in each of a transmitting device and a receiving device that enables this aspect). MIMO transmissions via the 502 wireless device can be performed according to pre-coding (or Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pages 52 / 68 18 / 23 digital beamforming) which is applied to the wireless device 502 that multiplexes the data streams through the antenna(s) 512 according to known or presumed channel characteristics, so that each data stream is received with an adequate signal strength relative to other streams and at a desired location in the spatial domain (e.g., the location of a receiver associated with such data stream). Certain embodiments may use single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) methods (in which the data streams are all directed to a single receiver) and / or multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) methods (in which individual data streams may be directed to individual (different) receivers at different locations in the spatial domain).

[0058] In certain multi-antenna modes, the wireless device 502 can implement analog beamforming techniques, so that the phases of the signals sent by the antenna(s) 512 are relatively adjusted so that the (joint) transmission of the antenna(s) 512 can be steered. This process is sometimes called beam steering.

[0059] The 502 wireless device may include one or more interfaces. 514. Interfaces 514 can be used to provide input or output to the wireless device 502. For example, a wireless device 502 that is a UE may include interfaces 514, such as microphones, speakers, a touch screen, buttons, and the like, to enable input and / or output to the UE from a UE user. Other interfaces of such a UE may consist of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., different from the transceiver(s) 510 / antenna(s) 512 already described) that enable communication between the UE and other devices and may operate according to known protocols (e.g., WiFi®, Bluetooth®, and the like).

[0060] The 502 wireless device may include one or more modules Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pages 53 / 68 19 / 23 of WUS 516 processing. WUS 516 processing modules can be implemented through hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, WUS 516 processing modules can be implemented as a processor, a circuit, and / or instructions 508 stored in memory 506 and executed by processor(s) 504. In some examples, WUS 516 processing modules can be integrated into processor(s) 504 and / or transceiver(s) 510. For example, WUS 516 processing modules can be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) in processor(s) 504 or transceiver(s) 510.

[0061] The WUS 516 processing modules can be used for various aspects of the present invention, for example, the aspects of Figures 1 to 3, from the perspective of a UE.

[0062] The 520 network device may include one or more 522 processors. The 522 processors may execute instructions so that various operations of the 520 network device are performed, as described herein. The 504 processors may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, an FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof, configured to perform the operations described herein.

[0063] The 520 network device may include a 524 memory. The 524 memory may be a computer-readable non-transient storage medium that stores 526 instructions (which may include, for example, the instructions that are executed by the 522 processor(s)). The 526 instructions may also be called Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pages 54 / 68 20 / 23 program code or computer program. Memory 524 can also store the data used and the results computed by the processor(s) 522.

[0064] Network device 520 may include one or more transceivers 528 which may comprise RF transmitter and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna(s) 530 of network device 520 to facilitate signaling (e.g., signaling 538) to and / or from network device 520 with other devices (e.g., wireless device 502) in accordance with the corresponding RATs.

[0065] The 520 network device may include one or more antennas 530 (for example, one, two, four or more). In the 530 multi-antenna modes, the 520 network device can perform MIMO technology, digital beamforming, analog beamforming, beam steering, etc., as described.

[0066] The 520 network device may include one or more interfaces 532. Interfaces 532 can be used to provide input or output to a network device 520. For example, a network device 520, which is a base station, may include one or more interfaces 532 composed of transmitters, receivers, and other circuits (e.g., other than transceivers 528 / antennas 530 already described) that enable the base station to communicate with other equipment on a main network and / or enable the base station to communicate with external networks, computers, databases, and the like for purposes of operation, administration, and maintenance of the base station or other equipment operationally connected to it.

[0067] The 520 network device may include one or more WUS 534 processing modules. The WUS 534 processing modules may be implemented via hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, the processing modules Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pages 55 / 68 21 / 23 WUS 534 processing modules can be implemented as a processor, a circuit, and / or instructions 526 stored in memory 524 and executed by processor(s) 522. In some examples, WUS 534 processing modules can be integrated into processor(s) 522 and / or transceiver(s) 528. For example, WUS 534 processing modules can be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuits) in processor(s) 522 or transceiver(s) 528.

[0068] The WUS 534 processing modules can be used for various aspects of the present invention, for example, the aspects of Figures 1 to 3, from the perspective of a network device.

[0069] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components presented in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes and / or methods as presented herein. For example, a baseband processor as described herein in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples presented herein. As another example, the circuits associated with a UE, a base station, a network element, etc., as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures, may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples presented herein.

[0070] Any of the embodiments described above may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments), unless explicitly stated otherwise. The above description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the embodiments to the precise form revealed. Modifications and variations Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pp. 56 / 68 22 / 23 are possible in light of the teachings above or can be acquired through the practice of various modalities.

[0071] The modalities and implementations of the systems and methods described herein may include various operations, which may be incorporated into machine-executable instructions to be executed by a computer system. A computer system may include one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers (or other electronic devices). The computer system may include hardware components that include specific logic to perform the operations or may include a combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0072] It should be recognized that the systems described herein include descriptions of specific embodiments. These embodiments may be combined into single systems, partially combined into other systems, divided into multiple systems, or divided or combined in other ways. Furthermore, it is foreseen that the parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment. The parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. are merely described in one or more embodiments for the sake of clarity, and it is recognized that they may be combined or substituted for parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of another embodiment, unless specifically stated otherwise in the present invention.

[0073] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information must follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding governmental or industry requirements to maintain user privacy. In particular, personally identifiable information data must be managed and handled in a way that minimizes the risk of unintended or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use must be clearly indicated to users. Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, pages 57 / 68 23 / 23

[0074] Although the above has been described in some detail for the sake of clarity, it will be evident that certain alterations and modifications can be made without departing from the principles thereof. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the processes and the apparatus described herein. Consequently, the present embodiments should be considered illustrative and not restrictive, and the description should not be limited to the details provided herein, but may be modified in scope and to the equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims

1. Device characterized in that it comprises a memory (524) coupled to a processor (522), wherein the processor (522) is configured to: communicate with multiple user equipment, UEs, (104, 106, 108, 110, 502); identify (202) a specific UE (502), from the multiple UEs (104, 106, 108, 110, 502), to be activated; determine (204) an activation signal sequence, WUS, corresponding to the specific UE (502) from the multiple UEs (104, 106, 108, 110, 502); generate the WUS sequence to include multiple bits, wherein each bit is mapped to: multiple orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols, OFDM, in the time domain; and multiple subcarriers in a respective OFDM symbol from the multiple OFDM symbols; and transmit (206), to the specific UE (502), the generated WUS sequence.

2. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the processor (522) is further configured to: receive, from the specific UE (502), a type of activation receiver, WUR, from the specific UE (502), wherein the type of WUR is a type of receiver based on on-off switching, OOK, or a type of receiver based on sequence; and determine the sequence of WUS to be transmitted to the specific UE (502) according to the type of WUR received from the specific UE (502).

3. Apparatus, according to claim 2, characterized in that: Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, page 59 / 68 2 / 3 the WUS sequence identified for transmission to the specific UE (502) according to the type of WUR of the OOK-based receiver type is any sequence or a sequence related to another UE of the sequence-based receiver type.

4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processor (522) is further configured to: identify a specific subset of the multiple UEs (104, 106, 108, 110, 502) to be activated; identify a set of one or more WUS sequences corresponding to the specific subset of the multiple UEs (104, 106, 108, 110, 502); and transmit, for each UE of the specific subset of the multiple UEs (104, 106, 108, 110, 502), the set of WUS sequences.

5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processor (522) is further configured to: identify a specific subset of the multiple UEs (104, 106, 108, 110, 502) to be activated; identify a set of one or more WUS sequences corresponding to the specific subset of the multiple UEs; and transmit simultaneously, to each UE of the specific subset of the multiple UEs (104, 106, 108, 110, 502), the set of one or more WUS sequences.

6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the WUS sequence is generated based on parameters known by the network device and the specific UE (502).

7. Apparatus characterized in that it comprises a memory (506) coupled to a processor (504), wherein the processor (504) is configured to: transmit (206), to a network device (502), a type of activation signal sequence, WUS, of the apparatus; Petition 870260031146, dated 02 / 04 / 2026, page 60 / 68 3 / 3 receive, from the network device (502), a signal on one or more subcarriers of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal, OFDM; and according to a type of activation receiver, WUR, specific to the apparatus, determine whether the received OFDM signal includes an activation signal sequence, WUS.

8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: the WUR type of the apparatus is an on-off switching type receiver, OOK; and the processor (504) is further configured to consider the signal on any subcarrier among one or more subcarriers or of any sequence as the WUS.

9. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: the WUR type of the apparatus is a sequence-based receiver type; and the processor (504) is further configured to consider the received signal as the WUS according to the received signal, including a sequence that is known by the apparatus as a WUS sequence and received on one or more specific subcarriers.

10. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the WUS sequence is based on parameters known to the network device (502) and the device, wherein the parameters include at least: one or more subcarriers, or a bit count to generate the WUS sequence.

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