Multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum.

Description

1 / 54 Multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communications and, more specifically, to multiple physical side link feedback channel (PSFCH) transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum. BACKGROUND

[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be known as eNodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station, may support wireless communications to one or multiple user communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE), or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices using wireless communication system features (e.g., timing features (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency features (e.g., subcarriers, carriers).In addition, the wireless communications system can support wireless communications in various radio access technologies, including third-generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth-generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth-generation (5G) radio access technology, and other suitable radio access technologies besides 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)).

[0003] With the development of communication technologies, several technologies have been proposed. In the third-generation partnership (3GPP) Release 16 (Rel-16) project, hybrid automatic repeat request feedback (HARQ) in a PSFCH was introduced to achieve unicast and groupcast communications from Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 10 / 75 2 / 54 Side Link. In Release 18 of 3GPP (Rel-18), HARQ feedback for side link transmission in unlicensed spectrum is a suitable way to achieve high reliability in side link communications. However, improvements in PSFCH transmission in unlicensed spectrum are still needed. SUMMARY

[0004] This disclosure relates to devices and methods that support multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum. With the devices and methods, it is possible to improve the flexibility of PSFCH transmissions and thus improve the efficiency of side-link communication.

[0005] In a first aspect, a terminal device (UD) is provided. The UD comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to at least one memory and configured to make the UD: select, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleave and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH, and a second PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs is associated with part or all of the PRBs of the common interleave and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs of the first set of PRBs; and transmit the second set of PSFCHs.

[0006] In a second aspect, a method implemented by the UE is provided. The method comprises: selecting, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH from the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleaving and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 11 / 75 3 / 54 dedicated to the first PSFCH, and a second PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs is associated with part or all of the PRBs of the common interleaving and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs; and transmit the second set of PSFCHs.

[0007] In a third aspect, a processor for wireless communication is provided. The at least one processor comprises at least one controller coupled to at least one memory and configured to make the at least one processor: select, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleave and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH, and a second PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs is associated with part or all of the PRBs of the common interleave and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs of the first set of PRBs; and transmit the second set of PSFCHs.

[0008] In some implementations of the method and UE described here, at least one processor is additionally configured to perform the UE: determine the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs, and transmit the second set of PSFCHs, comprising: transmitting the second set of PSFCHs based on the transmission power. [000 9] In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises: performing power control for one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs, based on a first parameter of the maximum transmission power for the one or more associated and dedicated PRBs. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 12 / 75 4 / 54 to the second set of PSFCHs; and at least one processor is additionally configured to perform the UE: perform power control for one or more PRBs of the common interleaving, based on a second parameter in the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving. In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving is distributed to some or all PRBs within the common interleaving, the portion of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs determined to be transmitted within the common interleaving.

[0010] In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises: performing power control for one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs and one or more PRBs of the common interleaving, based on a third parameter in an offset of the maximum transmission power between the common interleaving and the one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs. In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, an offset value is at a resource block (RB) level, or at a total number of RBs level.

[0011] In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises: equally distributing the transmission power between one or more PRBs determined to be transmitted within the common interleaving and one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs.

[0012] In some implementations of the method and UE described here, at least one processor is additionally configured to perform the UE: determine the second set of PRBs based on the bandwidth information from the second PSFCH.

[0013] In some implementations of the method and UE described here, determining the second set of PRBs comprises: Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 13 / 75 5 / 54 Discard, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, based on the determination that the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs. In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH from the first set of PSFCHs, based on the determination that all one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs are discarded, discard the first PSFCH.

[0014] In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, determining the second set of PRBs comprises: determining a minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH; and determining the second set of PRBs based on the minimum number of PRBs.

[0015] In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, determining the second set of PRBs comprises: discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs, until the number of remaining PRBs from the first set of PRBs is the minimum number of PRBs. In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, determining the second set of PRBs comprises: discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs, if the number of remaining PRBs from the first set of PRBs is not less than the minimum number of PRBs. In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs comprises: discarding, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, based on the determination that the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs.In some implementations of the method and UE described here, discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs includes: discarding, from the first set of PRBs, one PRB. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 14 / 75 6 / 54 candidate, based on the determination that: the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth limit with one PRB, determined as transmitted, dedicated to a first target PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs; and a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within the bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs, determined as transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs exceeds a maximum number limit.

[0016] In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, the minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH is determined based on the received reference signal power (RSRP) measured from a physical side link control channel (PSCCH) or a shared physical side link channel (PSSCH) associated with the second PSFCH.

[0017] In some method and UE implementations described herein, selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs, adding the first PSFCH to the second set of PSFCHs, based on the determination that a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within a bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs does not exceed a maximum number limit.

[0018] In some method and UE implementations described herein, selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs, discarding the first PSFCH, based on the determination that a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within a bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs exceed a maximum number limit. In some implementations of the method and Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 15 / 75 7 / 54 of the EU described herein, the selection of the first set of PSFCHs is carried out based on a priority order associated with the PSFCHs of the first set of PSFCHs, whereby selecting the second set of PSFCHs additionally comprises one of the following: interrupting a selection procedure for the second set of PSFCHs and transmitting one or more selected PSFCHs from the PSFCHs; or continuing a selection associated with an additional PSFCH associated with a priority next after a priority of the first PSFCH.

[0019] In some method and UE implementations described here, the maximum number limit is set, pre-configured, or predefined.

[0020] In some implementations of the method and UE described herein, the second PSFCH is associated with the common interleaving PRBs in a case where a common interleaving PRB is excluded based on the determination that the common interleaving PRB and one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs are located within a bandwidth threshold.

[0021] It should be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify main or essential features of the modalities of this disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become easily understandable through the description below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum according to aspects of this disclosure; FIG. 1B illustrates an example of PSFCH occupancy associated with aspects of this disclosure; FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum of Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 16 / 75 8 / 54 in accordance with aspects of this disclosure; FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a device that supports multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum according to aspects of this disclosure; and FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a processor that supports multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] In all drawings, the same reference numbers or similar numbers represent the same elements or similar elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The principles of this disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described for illustrative purposes only and assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing this disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in several ways different from those described below.

[0025] In the descriptive report and claims that follow, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0026] References in this disclosure to “a modality,” “an example modality,” “modality,” “some modalities,” and the like indicate that the modality(ies) described may include a specific feature, structure, or resource, but it is not necessary that each modality includes the specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same modality(ies). Additionally, when a specific feature, structure, or resource is described in connection with a modality, Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 17 / 75 9 / 54 It is understood that a person skilled in the art must be knowledgeable about how to affect such a feature, structure, or resource in connection with other modalities, whether explicitly described or not.

[0027] It should be understood that, although the terms first and second or similar may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements are not to be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may also be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may also be referred to as a first element, without departing from the scope of the modalities. As used herein, the term and / or includes any and all combinations of one or more of the terms listed. In some examples, values, procedures, or devices are called best, least, greatest, minimum, maximum, or similar. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many functional alternatives used may be made, and such selections need not be best, least, greatest, or otherwise preferable to other selections.

[0028] The terminology used here is intended to describe only specific modalities and is not intended to be limiting of modalities. As used in this document, the singular forms a, an, and the are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should be further understood that the terms comprises, including, has, having, includes, and / or including, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components, and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term includes and its variants should be read as open terms meaning includes, but is not limited to. The term based on should be read as based on Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 18 / 75 10 / 54 at least in part. The terms “a modality” and “modality” should be read as “at least one modality.” The term “another modality” should be read as “at least one other modality.” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” may mean “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B.” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.

[0029] As mentioned above, in Rel-18, HARQ feedback for side-link transmission in an unlicensed spectrum is a suitable way to achieve high reliability in side-link communications. Side-link support in an unlicensed spectrum was discussed as follows. 1. Study and specify side link support in an unlicensed spectrum for mode 1 and mode 2, where the Uu operation for mode 1 is limited only to the licensed spectrum [RAN1, RAN2, RAN4] - The NR-U channel access mechanisms should be reused for unlicensed side-link operation. Evaluate the applicability of the Rel-16 / Rel-17 side-link resource reservation for unlicensed side-link operation within the limits of the mechanism and unlicensed channel access operation. No specific improvements to Rel-17 resource allocation mechanisms. If the existing NR-U channel access structure does not support the required SL-U functionality, the WGs will make appropriate recommendations for RAN approval. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 19 / 75 11 / 54 - Physical channel design structure: changes required to the NR sidelink physical channel structures and procedures to operate in an unlicensed spectrum. The existing NR sidelink channel and NR-U channel structure will be reused as a baseline. No specific improvements to the existing NR SL feature. The study should focus on unlicensed FR1 bands (n46 and n96 / n102) and should be completed by RAN#98.

[0030] For PSFCH transmission on the side link, an UE may have to transmit multiple PSFCHs on a PSFCH transmission occasion to the same UE or to different UEs. Additionally, on the side link, an UE may receive multiple PSFCHs from the same UE or from different UEs, and the associated PSFCHs may be located on the same PSFCH transmission occasion.

[0031] Simultaneous PSFCH transmissions / receptions were specified, for example, in technical specification (TS) 38.213 as follows. 16.2.4.2 Simultaneous PSFCH transmission / reception If an EU - transmitted WSCh, Tx, PSFCH PSFCHs and received M;ch,Rx,PSFCHPSFCHs,e - Transmissions of ^SCh,Tx,PsFcHPSFCHs would overlap in time with receptions of ^SCh,Rx,PsFcHPSFCHs; the UE transmits or receives only one set of PSFCHs corresponding to the lowest priority field value, as determined by an initial set of SCI format. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 20 / 75 12 / 54 1-A and a second set of SCI format 1-A [5, TS 38.212] that are respectively associated with ^Sch,Tx,PSFCH PSFCHs and ^sch.Rx.PSFCHPSFCHs. If a UE transmits ^SCh,Tx,PsFcHPSFCHs on a PSFCH transmission occasion, the UE transmits ^Tx,PsFcHPSFCHs corresponding to the lowest ^Tx,PsFcH priority field values ​​indicated in all SCI 1-A formats associated with the PSFCH transmission occasion. 16.2.3 PSFCH A UE with staggered PSFCH transmissions capable of transmitting a maximum of Nmax,PsFcHPSFCHs, determines a number ^tx,psfch of simultaneous PSFCH transmissions and a power ^PSFCH,k(i) for a PSFCH transmission k, 1 <k< ^Tx,PsFcH, em um agrupamento de recursos na ocasião de transmissão de PSFCH i no SL BWP ativa b da portadora f como - if dl-P0-PSFCH is provided, ^PSFCH,one = ?O,PSFCH +10! °#io(2') + (PSFCH ' ^*[dBm]where - ?O,PSFCH is a dl-P0-PSFCH value - (PscH is a value of dl-Alpha-PSFCH, if provided; otherwise, (PFSCH= 1-^* = P*b,f,c(.d) when the active SL BWP is in a service cell c, as described in clause 7.1.1, except that The RS resource is the one that the UE uses to determine the power of a PUSCH transmission scaled by a DCI 0_0 format in service cell c when the UE is configured for Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 21 / 75 13 / 54 Monitor the PDCCH for detection of DCI 0_0 format in service cell c The RS resource is the one corresponding to the SS / PBCH block that the UE uses to obtain MIB when the UE is not configured to monitor PDCCH for DCI 0_0 format detection in service cell c. -se^sch,Tx,PSFCH—Mnax.PSFCH -se PPSFCH,one + 10^.910 (^SCh,Tx,PSFCH2 —PCMAX ,where PCMAX is determined for ^SCh,Tx,PsFch transmissions of PSFCH according to [8-1, TS 38.101-1]-^Tx.PSFCH = ^SCh,Tx,PSFCHe PPSFCH,k(0 =PPSFCH,one[dBm] - if not - The UE autonomously determines ^tx,psfch transmissions of PSFCHs with increasing order of corresponding priority field values, as described in clause 16.2.4.2, such that ^Tx,PsFcH— max(1,Σ:=18t) where Mj is a number of PSFCHs with priority value ie < is defined as - the highest value satisfying PPSFCH,one+ 10 / o#10(max(1, Σ:=18j)) — PCMAX where PCMAX is determined according to [8-1, TS 38.101-1] for transmission of all PSFCHs assigned with priority values ​​1, 2, ..., <, if any. - zero, otherwise ePPSFCH,k(0 =min1PCMAX—10^55.0 (^Tx.PSFCh),PPSFCH,one)[dBm]where PCMAX is defined in [8-1, TS 38.101-1] and is determined for the ^Tx,PsFcH transmissions of PSFCH Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 22 / 75 14 / 54 - if not - The UE autonomously selects ^max,psFCH transmissions from PSFCH in ascending order of corresponding priority field values, as described in clause 16.2.4.2 - if PPSFCH,one + 10^.910 (^max,PSFCH2 —PCMAX , where PCMAX is determined for the ^max,PsFch transmissions from PSFCH according to [8-1, TS 38.101-1] - ^Tx.PSFCH = ^max.PSFCH and PPSFCH,k(0 = PPSFCH,one[dBm] - else - The UE autonomously selects ^Tx,PsFcH transmissions from PSFCH in ascending order of corresponding priority field values, as described in clause 16.2.4.2, such that ^Tx,PsFcH— max(1,Σ:;^) where Mj is a number of PSFCHs with priority value ie < is defined as - the largest value satisfying PPSFCH,one+ ^ / O^loCmaxC1'Σί = 18t))— PCMAX where PCMAX is determined according to [8-1, TS 38.101-1] for transmission of all PSFCHs assigned with priority values ​​1, 2, ..., <, if any - zero otherwise and PPSFCH,k(0 = =i>(PCMAX—10^55.0(^Tx.PSFCh),PPSFCH,one)[dBm] where PCMAX is determined for the ^Tx,PsFCH simultaneous PSFCH transmissions according to [8-1, TS 38.101-1] - otherwise Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 23 / 75 15 / 54PPSFCH,k (0 =PCMAX 10!0#10(^Tx,PSFCH) [dBm] where the UE autonomously determines ^tx,psfch PSFCH transmissions with increasing order of corresponding priority field values, as described in clause 16.2.4.2, such that ^Tx,PsFcH— 1 and where PCMAX is determined for the ^Tx,PsFcH PSFCH transmissions according to [8-1, TS 38.101-1].

[0032] As described above, PSFCH transmissions on the same occasion as PSFCH transmissions are limited by UE capacity. For example, the maximum number of PSFCH transmissions on the same occasion can be (pre-)configured per UE and, if the number of PSFCH transmissions exceeds the UE capacity, the UE can select a set of PSFCHs for transmission, considering the priorities associated with the PSFCHs and the transmission power.

[0033] At the last 3GPP RAN#1 meeting, two alternatives regarding the PSFCH structure for side linking in the unlicensed spectrum (SL-U) were agreed upon as follows. Agreement Regarding PSFCH transmission with 15 kHz and 30 kHz SCS: • One of the following options is (pre-)configured: Alt 1-1b: each PSFCH transmission occupies 1 common interleave and dedicated K3 PRB(s) K3 is (pre-)configured • The range of values ​​for K3 includes at least {1, 2, 5} The dedicated K3 PRB(s) are on the same interconnection. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 24 / 75 16 / 54 There may be some guardband PRB(s) between the common PRB and the dedicated PRB • FFS details, for example, whether / how to derive the number of guardband PRB(s), whether to additionally introduce a (pre-)configured gap (including 0) or whether this can be satisfied by (pre-)configuration and there is no impact from additional specification (e.g., setting appropriate bit values ​​in the bitmap for PSFCH PRB allocation), etc. • If an additional guard band RE is introduced between the common PRB and the dedicated PRB, FFS should be introduced. In dedicated K3 PRB(s), multiple CS pairs can be used as in legacy NR SL PSFCH transmission. When a common interleaving PRB and a dedicated PRB are located in the same 1 MHz bandwidth, the UE transmits only on the dedicated PRB, subject to compliance with OCB requirements. FFS: Power should be reduced in common PRBs. Alt 2-3a: Each PSFCH transmission occupies 1 dedicated interleave. • PSSCH transmissions on non-overlapping resources are mapped to orthogonal dedicated PRBs for PSFCH transmission. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 25 / 75 17 / 54 • FFS: whether or not to support cyclic PRB level hopping as in NR-U to reduce PAPR • FFS: whether or not to discard common PRBs if dedicated PRBs can already meet the OCB requirement

[0034] In SL-U, to meet the occupied channel bandwidth (OCB) requirement, Alt 1-1b above agrees to introduce a common interleaving for the OCB requirement for each PSFCH. With the legacy PSFCH power control mechanism, transmission power is distributed equally among multiple PSFCHs. Thus, for the Alt 1-1b PSFCH structure, the common interleaving is shared by multiple PSFCH transmissions if the legacy power control mechanism is applied, and therefore, when multiple UEs transmit multiple PSFCHs, the total transmission power for the common interleaving will be much greater than for the dedicated PRBs. The in-band emission (IBE) problem of the common interleaving will reduce the reliability of the PSFCH whose dedicated PRBs are located close to the PRBs of the common interleaving.One solution is to introduce guard band PRB(s) between the common interleaving PRBs and the dedicated PRBs; however, this will reduce the number of dedicated PRBs and the PSFCH capacity.

[0035] Furthermore, power spectral density (PSD) regulation is required for operation in an unlicensed spectrum. For example, with the PSD requirement, the transmission power of each 1 MHz bandwidth must not exceed 10 dBm. Since an UE can transmit multiple PSFCHs on a single PSFCH transmission occasion, dedicated PRBs from different PSFCHs may also be located within the same 1 MHz bandwidth. Therefore, the PSD requirement must also be considered in this case, for example, for the selection of simultaneous PSFCH transmissions.

[0036] In view of the foregoing, to date, there is no Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 26 / 75 18 / 54 is an effective way to support multiple PSFCH transmissions in a single PSFCH transmission event on unlicensed spectrum. Therefore, there is a need for an improved solution for multiple PSFCH transmissions. Specifically, there is a need to improve the power control of multiple PSFCH transmissions and the selection of simultaneous PSFCH transmissions.

[0037] The embodiments of this disclosure provide a solution for multiple transmissions of PSFCHs in unlicensed spectrum. In one aspect of the solution of this disclosure, an UE selects, from a first set of PSFCHs to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs. A first PSFCH from the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleaving and a first set of PRBs dedicated to the first PSFCH, and a second PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs is associated with some or all of the PRBs of the common interleaving and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs. Furthermore, the UE transmits the second set of PSFCHs.

[0038] By allowing the second PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs to be associated with a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, which comprises one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs, this solution allows the associated PRB(s) dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs to be transmitted. In this way, it is possible to improve the flexibility of selecting the second set of PSFCHs to be transmitted and, thus, the flexibility of PSFCH transmissions. Therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of side link transmission.

[0039] The principles and implementations of modalities of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 27 / 75 19 / 54

[0040] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum according to aspects of this disclosure; The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also called network equipment (NE)), one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a New Radio (NR) network. In other implementations, the 100 wireless communications system may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology, including 802.11 (Wi-Fi) from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The 100 wireless communications system can support radio access technologies in addition to 5G. Furthermore, the 100 wireless communications system can support technologies such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), etc.

[0041] One or more network entities 102 may be dispersed over a geographical region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN), a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 28 / 75 20 / 54 For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 can perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) through a Uu interface.

[0042] A network entity 102 can provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 can support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc.) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 can support wireless communication of service-related signals (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 can be mobile, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies can overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 can be associated with different network entities 102.Information and signals described in this document can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that can be referenced through the description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0043] One or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, remote unit, handheld device, or subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, station, terminal, or client, among others. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 29 / 75 21 / 54 other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine-like communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communication system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communication system 100.

[0044] One or more UEs 104 may be devices of different forms or have different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or other network equipment), as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communication system 100.

[0045] A UE 104 can also support wireless communication directly with other UE 104s via a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 can support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), or V2X cellular deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a side link (SL). For example, a UE 104 can support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 via a PC5 interface.

[0046] A network entity 102 can support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 30 / 75 22 / 54 both. For example, a network entity 102 can interact with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (for example, through an S1, N2, N2, or other network interface). Network entities 102 can communicate with each other through backhaul links 116 (for example, through an X2, Xn, or other network interface). In some implementations, network entities 102 can communicate directly with each other (for example, between network entities 102). In some other implementations, network entities 102 can communicate with each other indirectly (for example, through the core network 106). In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 can include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which might be an example of an access node controller (ANC).An ANC can communicate with one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be called radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmit-receive points (TRPs).

[0047] In some implementations, a 102 network entity can be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which can be configured to utilize a protocol stack distributed physically or logically between two or more 102 network entities, such as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., an O-RAN Alliance-sponsored network configuration), or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a Cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, a 102 network entity might include one or more central units (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), an Intelligent RAN Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real-Time RIC (Near-RT RIC), a Non-Real-Time RIC (Non-RT RIC)), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.

[0048] A RU can also be called a radio head, Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 31 / 75 23 / 54 intelligent radio head, remote radio head (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or receive and transmit point (TRP). One or more components of the 102 network entities in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be colocated, or one or more components of the 102 network entities may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some implementations, one or more 102 network entities of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU), a virtual DU (VDU), a virtual RU (VRU)).

[0049] The division of functionality between a CU, a DU, and a RU can be flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed in a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional division of a protocol stack can be employed between a CU and a DU so that the CU can support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU can host higher protocol layer functionality and signaling (e.g., a layer 3 (L3), a layer 2 (L2)) (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)).A CU can be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and one or more DUs or RUs can host functionality and signaling from lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical layer (PHY)) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control layer (RLC), medium access control layer (MAC)), and each can be at least partially controlled by the CU.

[0050] In addition, or alternatively, a division Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 32 / 75 A 24 / 54 functional split of the protocol stack can be employed between a DU and a RU so that the DU can support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU can support one or multiple different cells (e.g., through one or more RUs). In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU, may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other protocol layer functions are performed by a different CU, DU, or RU).

[0051] A CU can be functionally divided into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CUUP) functions. A CU can be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1 c, F1 u), and a DU can be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul interface (FH)). In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link can be implemented according to an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.

[0052] The 106 core network can support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The 106 core network can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects external networks (e.g., a service gateway (S-GW), a gateway). Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 33 / 75 25 / 54 of packet data network (PDN) (P-GW) or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.

[0053] The core network 106 can communicate with the packet data network 108 through one or more backhaul links 116 (for example, through an S1, N2, N3 interface or other network interface). The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 can communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 can establish a session (for example, a protocol data unit (PDU) session or similar) with the core network 106 through a network entity 102. The core network 106 can route traffic (for example, control information, data, and similar) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (for example, the established PDU session). The PDU session can be an example of a logical connection between UE 104 and the core network 106 (for example, one or more network functions of the core network 106).

[0054] In the wireless communications system 100, network entities 102 and UEs 104 can use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., timing resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or similar) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, network entities 102 and UEs 104 can support different resource structures. For example, network entities 102 and UEs 104 can support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, network entities 102 and UEs 104 can support Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 34 / 75 26 / 54 a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and other suitable radio access technologies, 102 network entities and 104 UEs may support multiple frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures). 102 network entities and 104 UEs may support multiple frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

[0055] One or more numerologies may be supported in the 100 wireless communications system, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix.A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[0056] A time interval of a resource (for example, a communication resource) can be organized according to frames (also called radio frames). Each frame can have a duration, for example, of 10 milliseconds (ms). In some implementations, each frame can include several subframes. For example, each frame can include 10 subframes, and each subframe can have a duration, for example, of 1 ms. In some implementations, each frame can have the same duration. In some Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 35 / 75 In 27 / 54 implementations, each subframe of a frame can have the same duration.

[0057] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on one or more numerologies supported in the 100 wireless communication system. For example, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with the respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on numerology.For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that the reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

[0058] In a 100 wireless communications system, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum can be divided, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. As an example, a 100 wireless communications system can support one or multiple bands. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 36 / 75 28 / 54 operating frequency, as frequency band designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz — 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). In some implementations, network entities 102 and UEs 104 may perform wireless communications in one or more operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by network entities 102 and UEs 104, among other equipment or devices, for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 can be used by network entities 102 and UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high-data-rate capabilities.

[0059] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0), which includes a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1), which includes a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2), which includes a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2), which includes a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3), which includes a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz.

[0060] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of PSFCH occupancy associated with aspects of this disclosure. As agreed at the 3GPP RAN#1 meeting, a PSFCH transmission occupies 1 common interleave and a dedicated K3 PRB, as described above. FIG. 1B shows the case with K3=1. As shown in FIG. 1B, each of PSFCH#0, PSFCH#1, PSFCH#2, and PSFCH#3 occupies one common interleave and one dedicated PRB. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 37 / 75 29 / 54

[0061] Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which illustrates a flowchart of a method 200 that supports multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum according to aspects of this disclosure. The operations of method 200 can be implemented by a device or its components, as described herein. For example, the operations of method 200 can be performed by UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the device's function elements to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. For the purposes of discussion, method 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A.

[0062] In 210, the method may include selecting, from a first set of PSFCHs to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs. A first PSFCH from the first set of PSFCHs may occupy a common interleave and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH. A second PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs may be associated with some or all of the PRBs of the common interleave and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH. For example, the second PSFCH may be associated with some of the PRBs of the common interleave in a case where a PRB of the common interleave is excluded if it is determined that the PRB of the common interleave and one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs are located within a bandwidth threshold. The second set of PRBs may comprise one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs. The second set of PRBs may comprise one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs. [00 63] In some modes where more than one dedicated PRB is (pre-)configured, for example, 2 or 5 dedicated PRBs (i.e., Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 38 / 75 30 / 54 (the first PSFCH is configured with more than one dedicated PRB with K3 set to 2 or 5), legacy sequence mapping on a PRB can be applied. For such dedicated K3 PRBs, sequence mapping can be based on a repetition method, meaning that the receiving side of a PSFCH transmission can detect the PSFCH on any of the dedicated PRBs. Since UE 104 can transmit multiple PSFCHs and each PSFCH can occupy more than one dedicated PRB, a situation may arise where more than one dedicated PRB from different PSFCHs are located within a given bandwidth (e.g., the same 1 MHz bandwidth), and in this case, PSD limitation must be considered. To meet the PSD requirement, UE 104 can drop one or more dedicated PRBs from the first set of PRBs to obtain the second set of dedicated PRBs for the second PSFCH to be transmitted.It should be understood that the first and second PSFCHs are used only as examples to describe the disclosure modalities and may refer to any PSFCH from the first or second set of PSFCHs, respectively. Similarly, the first and second sets of PRBs are used only as examples to describe the disclosure modalities, and may refer to any set of PRBs associated with a PSFCH from the first or second set of PSFCHs, respectively.

[0064] In some embodiments, UE 104 can determine the second set of PRBs based on the bandwidth information of the second PSFCH. UE 104 can discard one or more dedicated PRBs from the second PSFCH according to the bandwidth information of the second PSFCH. If UE 104 discards the transmission of one or more dedicated PRBs from a PSFCH, the receiving UE of the PSFCH can perform PSFCH detection on all possible combinations of dedicated PRBs.

[0065] PRB disposal can be performed in several ways. In some implementations, UE 104 can dispose of, Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 39 / 75 31 / 54 of the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, is determined to be located within a bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH (i.e., already selected PSFCH) from the second set of PSFCHs. For example, UE 104 may discard, from the first set of PRBs, one or more dedicated PRBs if they are located within the 1 MHz bandwidth with the dedicated PRB(s) of the already selected PSFCH(s) and the dedicated PRB(s) of the already selected PSFCH(s) is / are the dedicated PRB(s) selected to be transmitted.

[0066] In this case, the legacy mechanism for selecting simultaneous PSFCH transmissions can be applied. For example, selecting the first set of PSFCHs can be performed based on a priority order associated with the PSFCHs in the first set of PSFCHs. UE 104 can select the first set of PSFCHs according to the priority order, from the highest associated priority to the lowest associated priority. During the selection associated with a PSFCH (e.g., the first PSFCH) from the first set of PSFCHs, UE 104 can check if a candidate dedicated PRB from this PSFCH is located within the bandwidth limit (e.g., 1 MHz bandwidth) with the dedicated PRB(s) determined as being transmitted from an already selected PSFCH.If the candidate dedicated PRB is located within the bandwidth threshold with the dedicated PRB(s) determined to be transmitted from the already selected PSFCH, UE 104 may discard the candidate dedicated PRB. If it is determined that all one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs have been discarded, UE 104 may discard the first PSFCH. In other words, if all dedicated PRBs from the first PSFCH are discarded, UE 104 may interrupt the selection procedure and transmit the already selected PSFCH(s).

[0067] In some other implementations, UE 104 may Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 40 / 75 32 / 54 first determine a minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH. Then, UE 104 can determine the second set of PRBs based on the minimum number of PRBs.

[0068] For example, the minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH can be determined based on the coverage of the second PSFCH. Considering that repeating the PSFCH sequence in more than one dedicated PRB can increase the coverage of the second PSFCH with combined gain on the receiving side of the second PSFCH, the decision on whether the dedicated PRB(s) will be discarded or how many dedicated PRBs will be discarded can be based on the target coverage of the second PSFCH. As an example, the minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH can be determined based on the received reference signal power (RSRP) measured from a physical side link control channel (PSCCH) or a shared physical side link channel (PSSCH) associated with the second PSFCH. In this case, the measured side link RSRP (SL-RSRP) of the PSCCH / PSSCH associated with the second PSFCH can be used as a metric to determine the number of dedicated PRBs that can be discarded.The minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH can also be determined in other ways, and this disclosure is not limited to that aspect.

[0069] The related RSRP thresholds for the measured RSRP can be (pre-)configured or predefined in the specification. For example, for the case with K3=5, the following four related RSRP thresholds, rsrp1 to rsrp4, can be (pre-)configured or predefined in advance. For each of the cases defined based on the four related RSRP thresholds, the minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH can be determined as follows: - For SL-RSRP < rsrp1 measured, 5 dedicated PRBs are required; - For SL-RSRP <rsrp2 medido, são necessários pelo Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 41 / 75 33 / 54 minus 4 dedicated PRBs; - For SL-RSRP <rsrp3 medido, são necessários pelo menos 3 PRBs dedicados; - For SL-RSRP<rsrp4 medido, são necessários pelo menos 2 PRBs dedicados; - Para SL-RSRP> =rsrp4 measured, at least 1 dedicated PRB is required.

[0070] In some example modes, UE 104 may discard one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs until the number of remaining PRBs from the first set of PRBs is the minimum number of PRBs. Then, the remaining PRBs from the first set of PRBs may form the second set of PRBs. In other words, in this case, each PSFCH may be transmitted with the minimum number of dedicated PRB(s). As an example, for each PSFCH on the occasion of PSFCH transmission, UE 104 may first determine a minimum number of dedicated PRBs based on the measured SLRSRP. Then, during the procedure for selecting simultaneous PSFCH transmissions, UE 104 may discard one or more dedicated PRBs from the PSFCH if the minimum number of dedicated PRBs is less than K3.

[0071] In some implementations, UE 104 may discard, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB located within a bandwidth boundary with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs, until the number of PRBs remaining from the first set of PRBs is the minimum number of PRBs. For example, the dedicated PRB(s) located in the same 1 MHz bandwidth as the already selected PSFCH dedicated PRB(s) may be discarded, and then, if UE 104 additionally needs to discard one or more dedicated PRBs that are not located in the same 1 MHz bandwidth as the already selected PSFCH dedicated PRB(s), it may be up to the UE implementation to determine how to further discard the Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 42 / 75 34 / 54 one or more dedicated PRBs.

[0072] In some other examples of modalities, when determining the second set of PRBs from the second PSFCH, UE 104 may discard one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs if the number of PRBs remaining from the first set of PRBs is not less than the minimum number of PRBs. UE 104 may discard the second PSFCH during the selection procedure associated with the second PSFCH if the number of PRBs remaining after discarding is less than the minimum number of PRBs.

[0073] In some implementations, UE 104 may discard, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB located within a bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs, if the number of PRBs remaining from the first set of PRBs is not less than the minimum number of PRBs. For example, if one or more dedicated PRBs from the second PSFCH are located in the same 1 MHz bandwidth with dedicated PRB(s) from already selected PSFCH(s), UE 104 may discard one or more dedicated PRBs if the remaining number of dedicated PRB(s) is not less than the minimum number of dedicated PRBs. If the remaining number of dedicated PRBs after discarding is less than the minimum number of dedicated PRBs, the second PSFCH may not be selected.

[0074] In some other implementations, a threshold for the maximum number of PRBs allowed to be transmitted within a bandwidth (e.g., 1 MHz bandwidth) may be configured, pre-configured, or predefined. For example, a parameter related to the threshold for the maximum number of PRBs that can be transmitted within the bandwidth (e.g., 1 MHz bandwidth) may be (pre-)configured or predefined. In this case, provided that the number of PRBs remaining from the first set of PRBs is not less than the minimum number of PRBs, UE 104 may discard, from the first Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 43 / 75 35 / 54 set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, if it is determined that the candidate PRB is located within the bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a first target PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs, and it is also determined that a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within the bandwidth threshold with one or more PRBs, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs exceeds the maximum number limit.

[0075] In some modes where the maximum number of PRBs threshold is configured, or pre-configured or pre-defined, the discarding of dedicated PRBs may not be allowed, or in other words, all K3 dedicated PRBs may be transmitted without discarding. During the simultaneous PSFCH transmission selection procedure, UE 104 may select PSFCHs from the first set of PSFCHs from highest priority to lowest priority with the UE capacity constraint. In this case, during a selection associated with the first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs, UE 104 may add the first PSFCH to the second set of PSFCHs if it determines that the total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within a bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs (i.e., one or more PSFCHs already selected) from the second set of PSFCHs does not exceed a maximum number limit.Otherwise, UE 104 may discard the first PSFCH if the total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within a bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs from the second set of PSFCHs exceeds the maximum number limit. For example, if the total number exceeds the maximum number limit, UE 104 may then interrupt a selection procedure for the second set of PSFCHs and transmit one or more PSFCHs. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 44 / 75 36 / 54 selected from the PSFCHs. As another example, if the total number exceeds the maximum number limit, the UE 104 may then continue a selection associated with an additional PSFCH associated with a next priority after a priority of the first PSFCH.

[0076] For example, if the total number of dedicated PRBs of the second PSFCH located within the 1 MHz bandwidth with the PRBs of the already selected PSFCHs exceeds a maximum number threshold, UE 104 may not select the second PSFCH; otherwise, the second PSFCH may be selected. If the total number reaches the maximum number threshold, UE 104 may stop selection and transmit the selected PSFCHs. Alternatively, UE 104 may continue to select an additional PSFCH with the next associated priority, if it is not beyond UE capacity.

[0077] Then, after determining the second set of PSFCHs and the associated dedicated PRB(s) to be transmitted, as shown in FIG. 2, in 220, the method can include the transmission of the second set of PSFCHs. For example, one or more dedicated PRBs associated with the second set of PSFCHs can be transmitted.

[0078] In some embodiments, the UE 104 can determine the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs. Then, the UE 104 can transmit the second set of PSFCHs based on the transmission power.

[0079] In some implementations, two parameters regarding the maximum transmission power can be (pre-)configured or predefined, respectively, for one or more dedicated PRBs and for the common interleaving, where one of the parameters (also called the first parameter) regarding the maximum transmission power for the one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs can be used to perform power control for the one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs, and the other (also called the second parameter) Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 45 / 75 37 / 54 parameter) regarding the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving can be used to perform power control for one or more PRBs of the common interleaving. In this case, UE 104 can perform power control for one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs based on the first parameter, and perform power control for one or more PRBs of the common interleaving based on the second parameter. Thus, it is possible to ensure that the transmission power in one or more PRBs of the common interleaving is much lower than the transmission power in one or more dedicated PRB(s) associated with the second set of PSFCHs through (pre-)configurations / pre-definition.

[0080] As another example, the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving can be distributed to all PRBs within the common interleaving. In other words, the maximum transmission power (pre-)configured or defined for the common interleaving can be allocated based on the total number of PRBs within the common interleaving.

[0081] As another example, considering that, as specified in the agreement, when a common interleaving PRB and a dedicated PRB are located within a 1 MHz bandwidth, the transmission of the common PRB may be interrupted, subject to the OCB requirement. Thus, in some cases, the actual PRBs transmitted from the common interleaving may be fewer than the total number of PRBs within the common interleaving, for example, <10 or 11 PRBs. In this case, the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving may be distributed to part of the PRBs within the common interleaving that comprise one or more PRBs determined as being transmitted within the common interleaving. In other words, the maximum transmission power (pre-)configured or defined for the common interleaving may be allocated based on the number of actual PRBs to be transmitted from the common interleaving. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 46 / 75 38 / 54

[0082] In some other implementations, a parameter (also called a third parameter) in an offset of the maximum transmission power between the common interleaving and one or more associated PRBs dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs can be (pre-)configured or predefined. Then, UE 104 can perform power control for the one or more associated PRBs dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs and one or more PRBs of the common interleaving based on the third parameter. In this case, the (pre-)configuration or predefinition can provide a value of the transmission power offset between the common interleaving and the associated dedicated PRB(s), for example, -6 dB or -10 dB. As an example, the offset value can be (pre-)configured or predefined at a resource block (RB) level (i.e., RB level) between PRBs of the common interleaving and associated dedicated PRBs.As another example, the offset value can be (pre-)configured or pre-defined at a level of a total number of RBs. In other words, the offset can be between the transmission power for the total number of PRBs in the common interleaving and that for the total number of associated dedicated PRB(s). The total number of PRBs can be calculated with the PRBs actually to be transmitted.

[0083] In some additional implementations, with consideration of PSD limitation, the transmission power for associated dedicated PRB(s) may be limited by the transmission power for PRB(s) within the common interleaving, even if only one dedicated PRB is within the 1 MHz bandwidth. In this case, to overcome the common interleaving IBE problem, UE 104 may equally distribute the transmission power between one or more PRBs designated to transmit within the common interleaving and one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs. In other words, the transmission power may be distributed Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 47 / 75 39 / 54 equally among the PRBs, occupied by the second set of PSFCHs, which includes PRBs designated to be transmitted within the common interleaving and the associated dedicated PRBs of the second set of PSFCHs.

[0084] According to some embodiments with reference to FIG.2, it is permitted to support multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum. In this way, it is possible to improve the flexibility of PSFCH selection and thus the flexibility of PSFCH transmissions, thereby improving the efficiency of side link communication.

[0085] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a device 300 that supports multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum according to aspects of this disclosure. The device 300 may be an example of UE 104 as described herein. The device 300 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 300 may include components for bidirectional communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 302, a memory 304, a transceiver 306, and optionally an I / O controller 308. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0086] Processor 302, memory 304, transceiver 306, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for carrying out various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, processor 302, memory 304, transceiver 306, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for carrying out one or more of the operations described herein.

[0087] In some implementations, the 302 processor, a Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, p. 48 / 75 40 / 54 memory 304, transceiver 306, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuits). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some implementations, processor 302 and memory 304 coupled to processor 302 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., processor 302 may execute instructions stored in memory 304).

[0088] For example, processor 302 can support wireless communication on device 300 according to examples disclosed herein. Processor 302 can be configured to be operational to support a means of selecting, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleave and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH, and a second PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs is associated with part or all of the PRBs of the common interleave and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs of the first set of PRBs; and a means of transmitting the second set of PSFCHs.

[0089] The 302 processor may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 49 / 75 41 / 54 programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the 302 processor may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the 302 processor. The 302 processor may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 304) to enable the 300 device to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0090] Memory 304 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 304 may store computer-readable and executable code, including instructions that, when executed by processor 302, cause device 300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transient, computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by processor 302, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, memory 304 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0091] The I / O controller 308 can manage input and output signals for device 300. The I / O controller 308 can also manage peripherals not integrated into device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 308 may represent a physical connection or port for an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 308 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. In Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 50 / 75 42 / 54 In some implementations, the 308 I / O controller can be implemented as part of a processor, such as the 306 processor. In some implementations, a user can interact with the 300 device through the 308 I / O controller or through hardware components controlled by the 308 I / O controller.

[0092] In some implementations, the 300 device may include a single 310 antenna. However, in some other implementations, the 300 device may have more than one 310 antenna (i.e., multiple antennas), including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of simultaneously transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The 306 transceiver may communicate bidirectionally, through one or more 310 antennas, wired or wireless links, as described in this document. For example, the 306 transceiver may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The 306 transceiver may also include a modem to modulate packets, to provide modulated packets to one or more 310 antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from one or more 310 antennas.The 306 transceiver may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.

[0093] A transmission chain can be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmission chain may include at least one modulator to modulate data into a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques, such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes such as phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmission chain also Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 51 / 75 43 / 54 may include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to a power level appropriate for transmission over a wireless medium. The transmission chain may also include one or more 310 antennas to transmit the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0094] A receiving chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) via a wireless medium. For example, the receiving chain may include one or more antennas 310 to receive the signal over the air or wirelessly. The receiving chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiving chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receiving signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during signal transmission. The receiving chain may include at least one decoder to decode the demodulated signal processing to receive the transmitted data.

[0095] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a 400 processor that supports multiple PSFCH transmissions in an unlicensed spectrum according to aspects of this disclosure. The 400 processor may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations according to examples described herein. The 400 processor may include a 402 controller configured to perform various operations according to examples described herein. The 400 processor may optionally include at least one 404 memory, such as an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the 400 processor may optionally include one or more 400 arithmetic logic units (ALUs). One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 52 / 75 44 / 54 electronically, electrically) through one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0096] The 400 processor may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receive, get, retrieve, transmit, send, forward, store, determine, identify, access, write, read) as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., local memory or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the 400 processor) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase-change memory (PCM), and others).

[0097] The 402 controller can be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the 400 processor to enable the 400 processor to support various base station operations as described in the examples herein. For example, the 402 controller can operate as a control unit for the 400 processor, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the 400 processor. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating the timing of operations.

[0098] Controller 402 can be configured to fetch (e.g., get, retrieve, receive) instructions from memory 404 and determine which subsequent instructions to execute to enable processor 400 to support various operations accordingly. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 53 / 75 45 / 54 with examples described here. The 402 controller can be configured to track the memory address of instructions associated with memory 404. The 402 controller can be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the 402 controller can be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be sent to other components of the 400 processor to enable the 400 processor to support various operations as described in the examples here. Additionally, or alternatively, the 402 controller can be configured to manage the data flow within the 400 processor. The 402 controller can be configured to control data transfer between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and other functional units of the 400 processor.

[0099] Memory 404 may include one or more caches (e.g., local memory or memory included in processor 400 or other memory such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc.). In some implementations, memory 404 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to processor 400). In some other implementations, memory 404 may reside externally to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to processor 400).

[00100] Memory 404 can store computer-readable and executable code, including instructions that, when executed by processor 400, cause processor 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code can be stored in a non-transient, computer-readable medium, such as system memory or another type of memory. Controller 402 and / or processor 400 can be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 404 to cause processor 400 to perform various functions. For example, processor 400 and / or controller 402 can be coupled to Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 54 / 75 46 / 54 memory 404, and processor 400, controller 402, and memory 404 can be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, processor 400 may include multiple processors, and memory 404 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform multiple functions described herein.

[00101] One or more 400 ALUs can be configured to support various operations as described in the examples herein. In some implementations, one or more 400 ALUs may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the 400 processor). In some other implementations, one or more 400 ALUs may reside externally to the processor chipset (e.g., the 400 processor). One or more 400 ALUs can perform one or more calculations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more 400 ALUs may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be performed. One or more 400 ALUs can be configured with a variety of logic and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation.Additionally, or alternatively, one or more 400 ALUs can support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not-AND (NAND), allowing one or more 400 ALUs to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[00102] The 400 processor can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. The 400 processor can be configured or operated to support a means of selecting, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, pp. 55 / 75 47 / 54 of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleave and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH, and a second PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs is associated with part or all of the PRBs of the common interleave and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs of the first set of PRBs; and a means for transmitting the second set of PSFCHs.

[00103] It should be noted that the methods described here describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or modified in other ways, and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects of two or more of the methods may be combined.

[00104] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure in this document may be implemented or realized with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[00105] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a medium. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 56 / 75 48 / 54 computer-readable. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software running on a processor, hardware, firmware, cabling, or combinations thereof. Resources that implement functions may also be physically located in multiple locations, including being distributed so that portions of functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[00106] Computer-readable media includes non-transient storage media and communication media, including any means that facilitate the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Non-transient storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transient computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disc storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transient media that can be used to transport or store desired program code media in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.

[00107] As used herein, including in the claims, an article before an element is unrestricted and understood as referring to at least one of those elements or one or more of those elements. The terms a, at least one, one or more, and at least one of one or more may be interchangeable. As used in this document, including in the claims, or as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items preceded by a phrase such as at least one of or a Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 57 / 75 49 / 54 or more of or “one or both of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used in this document, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as being based on condition A may be based on condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used in this document, the phrase “based on” should be interpreted in the same way as the phrase “based, at least in part, on.” Additionally, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

[00108] The description here is provided to enable a subject matter expert to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a subject matter expert, and the generic principles set forth herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described in this document, but should be given the broadest scope consistent with the principles and new features disclosed in this document.

[00109] In summary, the modalities of this disclosure may provide the following solutions.

[00110] Clause 1. A user equipment (UE) comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to at least one memory and configured to make the UE: select, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleave and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH, Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 58 / 75 50 / 54 and a second PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs is associated with some or all of the PRBs of the common interleaving and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs; and transmit the second set of PSFCHs.

[00111] Clause 2. The UE of clause 1, wherein at least one processor is additionally configured to do the UE: determine the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs, and wherein transmitting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: transmitting the second set of PSFCHs based on the transmission power.

[00112] Clause 3. The UE of clause 2, wherein determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises performing power control for one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs, based on a first parameter on the maximum transmission power for the one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs; and wherein at least one processor is additionally configured to perform the UE: perform power control for one or more PRBs of the common interleaving, based on a second parameter on the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving.

[00113] Clause 4. The EU of clause 3, wherein the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving is distributed to part or all of the PRBs within the common interleaving, the part of the PRBs comprising one or more PRBs determined to be transmitted within the common interleaving.

[00114] Clause 5. The UE of clause 2, in which determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises: performing power control for one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs and one or more PRBs of the common interleaving, based on a third parameter in an offset of the maximum transmission power. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 59 / 75 51 / 54 between the common interconnection and one or more associated PRBs dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs.

[00115] Clause 6. The EU of clause 5, where a displacement value is at a resource block (RB) level, or at a total number of RBs level.

[00116] Clause 7. The UE of clause 2, whereby determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises: distributing the transmission power equally between one or more PRBs determined to be transmitted within the common interleaving and one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs.

[00117] Clause 8. The UE of clause 1, where at least one processor is additionally configured to perform the UE: determine the second set of PRBs based on the bandwidth information of the second PSFCH.

[00118] Clause 9. The EU of clause 8, whereby determining the second set of PRBs comprises: discarding, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, based on the determination that the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs.

[00119] Clause 10. The EU of clause 9, whereby selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs, based on the determination that all one or more PRBs of the first set of PRBs are discarded, discard the first PSFCH.

[00120] Clause 11. The EU of clause 8, whereby determining the second set of PRBs comprises: determining a minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH; and determining the second set of PRBs based on the minimum number of PRBs.

[00121] Clause 12. The EU of clause 11, where determining the second set of PRBs comprises: discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs, until a number of PRBs remain. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, pp. 60 / 75 52 / 54 of the first set of PRBs is the minimum number of PRBs.

[00122] Clause 13. The EU of clause 11, whereby determining the second set of PRBs comprises: discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs, if the number of PRBs remaining from the first set of PRBs is not less than the minimum number of PRBs.

[00123] Clause 14. The EU of clause 12 or 13, whereby discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs comprises: discarding, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, based on the determination that the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth boundary with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs.

[00124] Clause 15. The EU of clause 13, whereby discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs comprises: discarding, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, based on the determination that: the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth limit with a PRB, determined as transmitted, dedicated to a first target PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs; and a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within the bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs, determined as transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs exceeds a maximum number limit.

[00125] Clause 16. The EU of clause 11, whereby the minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH is determined based on the received reference signal power (RSRP) measured from a physical side link control channel (PSCCH) or a shared physical side link channel (PSSCH) associated with the second PSFCH.

[00126] Clause 17. The EU of clause 1, where selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs, Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, pp. 61 / 75 53 / 54 add the first PSFCH to the second set of PSFCHs, based on the determination that a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within a bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs from the second set of PSFCHs does not exceed a maximum number limit.

[00127] Clause 18. The UE of clause 1, whereby selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs, discarding the first PSFCH, based on the determination that a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within a bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs exceed a maximum number limit.

[00128] Clause 19. The EU of clause 18, wherein the selection of the first set of PSFCHs is carried out based on a priority order associated with the PSFCHs of the first set of PSFCHs, wherein selecting the second set of PSFCHs additionally comprises one of the following: interrupting a selection procedure for the second set of PSFCHs and transmitting one or more selected PSFCHs from the PSFCHs; or continuing a selection associated with an additional PSFCH associated with a next priority after a priority of the first PSFCH.

[00129] Clause 20. The EU of any of clauses 15, 17 and 18, where the maximum number limit is set, pre-set or pre-defined.

[00130] Clause 21. The EU of clause 1, wherein the second PSFCH is associated with the common interleaving PRBs in a case where a common interleaving PRB is excluded based on the determination that the common interleaving PRB and one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs are located within a bandwidth threshold. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, pp. 62 / 75 54 / 54

[00131] Clause 22. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), comprising: selecting, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleaving and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH, and a second PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs is associated with part or all of the PRBs of the common interleaving and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs of the first set of PRBs; and transmitting the second set of PSFCHs. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, pages 63 / 75

Claims

1 / 6 CLAIMS 1. User equipment (UE), characterized in that it comprises: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to make the UE: select, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleave and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH, and a second PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs is associated with part or all of the PRBs of the common interleave and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs of the first set of PRBs; and transmit the second set of PSFCHs.

2. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one processor is additionally configured to perform the UE: determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs, and wherein the transmission of the second set of PSFCHs comprises: transmitting the second set of PSFCHs based on the transmission power.

3. UE, according to claim 2, characterized in that determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises: performing power control for one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs, based on a first parameter on the maximum transmission power for one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs; and in that at least one processor is additionally configured to perform the UE: performing power control for one or more PRBs of the common interleaving, based on a second parameter on the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving.

4. A common interleaving system, according to claim 3, characterized in that the maximum transmission power for the common interleaving is distributed to some or all of the PRBs within the common interleaving, the portion of the PRBs comprising one or more PRBs determined to be transmitted within the common interleaving.

5. UE, according to claim 2, characterized in that determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises: performing power control for one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs and one or more PRBs of the common interleaving, based on a third parameter in an offset of the maximum transmission power between the common interleaving and the one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs.

6. UE, according to claim 2, characterized in that determining the transmission power for the second set of PSFCHs comprises: equally distributing the transmission power between one or more PRBs determined to be transmitted within the common interleaving and one or more PRBs associated and dedicated to the second set of PSFCHs.

7. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one processor is additionally configured to make the UE: Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, page 65 / 75 3 / 6 determine the second set of PRBs based on the bandwidth information of the second PSFCH.

8. EU, according to claim 7, characterized in that determining the second set of PRBs comprises: discarding, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, based on the determination that the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs.

9. EU, according to claim 8, characterized in that selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH from the first set of PSFCHs, based on the determination that all one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs are discarded, discarding the first PSFCH.

10. EU, according to claim 7, characterized in that determining the second set of PRBs comprises: determining a minimum number of PRBs required for the second PSFCH; and determining the second set of PRBs based on the minimum number of PRBs.

11. EU, according to claim 10, characterized in that determining the second set of PRBs comprises: discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs, until the number of PRBs remaining from the first set of PRBs is the minimum number of PRBs.

12. EU, according to claim 10, characterized in that determining the second set of PRBs comprises: discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs, if the number of PRBs remaining from the first set of PRBs is not less than the minimum number of PRBs.

13. EU, according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that discarding one or more PRBs from Petition 870250088033, dated 29 / 09 / 2025, page 66 / 75 4 / 6 first set of PRBs comprises: discarding, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, based on the determination that the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a target PSFCH from the second set of PSFCHs.

14. EU, according to claim 12, characterized in that discarding one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs comprises: discarding, from the first set of PRBs, a candidate PRB, based on the determination that: the candidate PRB is located within a bandwidth threshold with a PRB, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to a first target PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs; and a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within the bandwidth threshold with one or more PRBs, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs exceeds a maximum number threshold.

15. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs, adding the first PSFCH to the second set of PSFCHs, based on the determination that a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within a bandwidth threshold with one or more PRBs, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs does not exceed a maximum number limit.

16. EU, according to claim 1, characterized in that selecting the second set of PSFCHs comprises: during a selection associated with the first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs, discarding the first PSFCH, based on Petition 870250088033, dated 29 / 09 / 2025, page 67 / 75 5 / 6, determining that a total number of PRBs, from the first set of PRBs, located within a bandwidth limit with one or more PRBs, determined to be transmitted, dedicated to one or more target PSFCHs of the second set of PSFCHs exceed a maximum number limit.

17. EU, according to claim 16, characterized in that the selection of the first set of PSFCHs is carried out based on a priority order associated with the PSFCHs of the first set of PSFCHs, wherein selecting the second set of PSFCHs additionally comprises one of the following: interrupting a selection procedure for the second set of PSFCHs and transmitting one or more selected PSFCHs from the PSFCHs; or continuing a selection associated with an additional PSFCH associated with a priority next after a priority of the first PSFCH.

18. EU, according to any one of claims 14, 15 or 16, characterized in that the maximum number threshold is configured, pre-configured or pre-defined.

19. UE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the second PSFCH is associated with part of the common interleaving PRBs in a case where a common interleaving PRB is excluded based on the determination that the common interleaving PRB and one or more PRBs from the first set of PRBs are located within a bandwidth threshold.

20. A method implemented by a user equipment (UE), characterized in that it comprises: selecting, from a first set of physical side link feedback channels (PSFCHs) to be transmitted on a transmission occasion, a second set of PSFCHs, wherein a first PSFCH of the first set of PSFCHs occupies a common interleaving and a first set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) dedicated to the first PSFCH, Petition 870250088033, dated 29 / 09 / 2025, p. 68 / 75 6 / 6 and a second PSFCH of the second set of PSFCHs is associated with part or all of the PRBs of the common interleaving and a second set of PRBs dedicated to the second PSFCH, the second set of PRBs comprising one or more PRBs of the first set of PRBs; and transmitting the second set of PSFCHs. Petition 870250088033, dated 09 / 29 / 2025, pages 69 / 75

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