Flow management assemblies, methods and well

Description

1 / 28 “FLOW MANAGEMENT ASSEMBLIES, METHODS AND WELL”

[001] The present invention relates to assemblies, methods, a valve and a well for managing flow into / out of wells, especially hydrocarbon producing wells or CO2 sequestration wells and wells comprising filters.

[002] Fluids are normally recovered from / injected into wells through a main injection / production pipeline borehole. Such pipeline is extended into wells as a string of pipe segments or “joints”. Each joint may be, for example, 30 feet (9.1 m) or 45 feet (13.7 m) long. It is generally not practical to use longer joints as they cannot be assembled for well deployment or actually transported to the site.

[003] Certain joints in the string may be perforated or otherwise have one or more flow paths in their walls to allow fluid flow from the well into the main borehole for recovery or injection. During oil production from wells, undesirable material and / or fluids may also be produced, such as sand, water, and sometimes gas. The deployment of filters as part of the production string is known to inhibit undesirable production, such as sand production. A filter may be provided in the production string by a joint being formed from a perforated base pipe with wire or mesh wrapped around it to resist the flow of sand into the borehole of the tubing, while maintaining the flow of fluids from the reservoir.

[004] The inclusion of self-contained valves with filters is also known. These may include rubber elements that swell upon contact with water to automatically close a valve, thereby inhibiting the flow and production of water from wells intended for hydrocarbon production.

[005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a tubular assembly is provided comprising: Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 9 / 55 2 / 28 a tubular device supporting external load comprising an electrically controllable valve; an inner tubular within at least one section of the outer load-bearing tubular, thereby defining an annular channel between an interior of said section of the outer load-bearing tubular and an exterior of the inner tubular, and defining a main production hole within the inner tubular and, typically when the outer tubular extends beyond said section, within the outer load-bearing tubular beyond said section; the tubular bearing an external load having a flow path through a wall in said section that communicates with the annular channel; and a seal between the inner tubular and the tubular bearing an external load, wherein the electrically controllable valve is arranged to control fluid flow between said annular channel and the main production borehole.

[006] A load-bearing pipe is one that can support the weight of a column below it. It may comprise a production pipeline joint as well as an electrically controllable valve.

[007] It is normally considered easier to provide an electrically controllable valve with an internal tubular assembly. However, the inventors of the present invention have discovered that in certain embodiments, having the load-bearing tubular assembly externally comprising the electrically controllable valve, the tubular assembly can be extended more quickly as an assembly. Multiple joint assembly

[008] The tubular assembly may comprise at least one additional tubular joint supporting an external load and at least one additional inner tubular joint, thereby forming a multi-joint assembly. In this way, the annular channel is extended. For example, the annular channel may be more than 18 m long. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 10 / 55 3 / 28

[009] In a further aspect of the invention, a tubular assembly is provided comprising: an electrically controllable valve; A tubular structure that supports an external load and has a flow path through one of its walls; at least one tubular structure that supports an additional external load and has a flow path in one of its walls; an inner tubular and at least one additional inner tubular, the inner tubulars within at least one section of the outer load-bearing tubulars thereby defining an annular channel between an interior of said section of the outer load-bearing tubulars and an exterior of the inner tubulars and defining a main production hole within the inner tubulars and where the outer tubulars extend beyond said section, within the outer load-bearing tubulars beyond said section; a seal between at least one inner tubular and at least one outer load-bearing tubular. wherein the electrically controllable valve is arranged to control fluid flow between said annular channel and the main production borehole.

[010] Features, especially optional features, for the additional aspect of the invention and the first aspect of the invention are independently interchangeable and are not repeated here for brevity.

[011] At least one additional joint of the tubular load-bearing external load does not normally have an additional electrically controllable valve.

[012] The flow path(s) in the externally load-bearing tubular and at least one additional externally load-bearing tubular joint in the multi-joint assembly are typically in fluid communication with said annular channel which is extended by at least one additional internal tubular, such that the fluid flow through each externally load-bearing tubular in the multi-joint assembly is controlled by the same valve. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 11 / 55 4 / 28

[013] In this way, the flow from a particular zone can be controlled by the same electrically controllable valve. Furthermore, it is not necessary that multiple valves be provided for each externally load-bearing tubular joint. Instead, for preferred embodiments, fluid from two or more externally load-bearing tubulars flows into (or from) the same annular channel and is controlled by the same valve.

[014] A multi-joint assembly may include a variety of external load-bearing tubulars, preferably adapted to the particular well and reservoir in which it is used. For example, external load-bearing tubulars may include external load-bearing tubular joints, additional ones with flow path(s), one or more without flow path(s), and one or more with flow path(s) and filters. For example, in one example of a multi-joint assembly, there may be a total of fifteen or more external load-bearing tubular joints joined together in one string, fifteen or more internal tubulars joined together in one internal string, and for those external load-bearing tubulars with flow path(s), all are in communication with the same annular channel and controlled by the same valve.

[015] The tubular assembly can be connected to other load-bearing tubulars and deployed as part of a tubular string in a well. Said other load-bearing tubulars typically have the same outside diameter as the load-bearing tubular(s) outside diameter(s) of the tubular assembly. There may be a plurality of tubular assemblies as part of the tubular string, each tubular assembly independently including the features and optional features described in the present invention for tubular assembly. Each tubular assembly in a string may be separated by a seal or similar. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 12 / 55 5 / 28

[016] Other tubular components that support load in the tubular column may include additional joints with flow path(s), joints without flow path(s), and joints with flow path(s) and filters.

[017] The tubular bearing external load typically has, in the said section, an outside diameter of at least 4 inches (102 mm), more typically 5.5” to 6 5 / 8” (140 mm - 168 mm) (not including filters or gaskets).

[018] The tubular bearing external load typically has, in the said section, an outside diameter of no more than 9 inches (229 mm) (not including filters or joints).

[019] The tubular bearing external load typically has, in the said section, an internal diameter of at least 3 inches (76 mm) and / or optionally a maximum of 6.5” (165 mm).

[020] Preferably, the inner tubular and the outer load-bearing tubular are rigidly fixed to each other, so that they can be deployed or removed from the well together below a mounting position and not separately.

[021] There may be a plurality of flow paths in the wall of the tubular load supporting an external load.

[022] Typically, the annular channel extends beyond the position of the flow paths in the tubular load-bearing external channel.

[023] The external load-bearing tube may comprise a filter. It may have a mesh in it, for example, formed from wire wrapped around the flow path(s) of the external load-bearing tube.

[024] Any seal between the outer load-bearing tubular and inner tubular can be used. The seal can be formed from a sealing hole extension as a polished hole. It may include polymer sealing elements. It may include a swollen component. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 13 / 55 6 / 28

[025] The inner tubular section may not extend the entire length of the outer load-bearing tubular section. For extended sections of the outer load-bearing tubular section that do not contain the inner tubular section, the main production bore is defined by the interior of the outer load-bearing tubular section. Thus, the annular channel may not extend along the entire length of the outer load-bearing tubular section. Alternatively, the inner tubular section and the outer load-bearing tubular section may be the same length, and thus the section referred to is the entire length of the outer load-bearing tubular section.

[026] The seal may be on or towards one end of the inner tube.

[027] The arrangement of the seal, internal tubing and valve results in the annular channel being a sealed flow path, which is isolated from the main production borehole. This flow path is still considered “sealed” even if the valve includes a plug, and / or there are minor leakage paths.

[028] The electrically controllable valve can be automatically controllable based on a timer or data from a sensor. Alternatively, the electrically controllable valve can be controllable by an operator.

[029] The electrically controllable valve can be wirelessly controllable.

[030] An electrically controllable valve can be an electronically controllable valve.

[031] The electrically controllable valve may be at or towards one end of the inner tubing, typically the upper / shallower end, in use.

[032] The electrically controllable valve is normally at the opposite end of the inner tube, from the seal. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 14 / 55 7 / 28

[033] References such as “above”, “top”, “below”, “bottom”, “above the well” and “bottom of the well” refer to their orientation in normal use and relative position and when applied to horizontal or deviated wells should be interpreted as their equivalent in wells with some vertical orientation. For example, “above” is closer to the surface of the well through the well, even in a horizontal well.

[034] The tubular assembly may comprise at least one sensor configured to determine the nature of fluid flow, such as pressure, temperature and / or flow rate. Sensors may also evaluate the proportion or quantity of water, sand, gas or oil content, especially the quantity or proportion of water content. The sensor may be an array of sensors, such as a discrete sensor array or fiber optic sensor array as described in WO2017 / 203293, WO2017 / 203294, WO2017 / 203295 or WO2017 / 203296.

[035] The tubular assembly may include a receiver. In this way, it can receive signals, such as control signals for the valve. Thus, to allow communication, the receiver is preferably coupled, physically or wirelessly, to the valve.

[036] The tubular assembly may include a transmitter. In this way, it can transmit signals, such as data from the sensors. Thus, to enable communication, the transmitter is preferably coupled, physically or wirelessly, to the sensor(s).

[037] A transceiver can be used to provide both receive and transmit functionality, as described. The tubular assembly can be battery powered. Wireless

[038] Wireless signals to the electrically controllable valve or to retrieve data can be acoustic, electromagnetic (EM) and / or encoded pressure pulse. Acoustic and / or EM are preferred. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 15 / 55 8 / 28

[039] Pressure pulses include methods of communicating from / to the well / uncased well, from / to at least one additional location in the well / uncased well, and the well / uncased well surface, using positive and / or negative pressure changes and / or flow rate changes of a fluid in a tubular and / or annular space. Coded pressure pulses are such pressure pulses where a modulation scheme has been used to encode commands on pressure or flow rate variations and a transducer is used in the well / uncased well to detect and / or generate the variations and / or an electronic communication device is used in the well / uncased well to encode and / or decode commands. Therefore, pressure pulses used with an electronic interface in the well / uncased well are defined in the present invention as coded pressure pulses.One advantage of encoded pressure pulses, as defined in the present invention, is that they can be sent to electronic interfaces and can provide higher data rates and / or bandwidth than pressure pulses sent to mechanical interfaces. Encoded pressure pulses can be induced in static or flowing fluids and can be detected by directly or indirectly measuring changes in pressure and / or flow rate. Fluids include liquids, gases, and multiphase fluids, and can be static control fluids and / or fluids being produced from or injected into the well.Acoustic signals and communication may include transmission through vibration of the well structure including tubulars, casing, casing, drill pipe, drilling rigs, tubing, screw tubing, pumping rod, downhole tools; transmission via fluid (including through gas), including transmission through fluids in uncased sections of the well, in tubulars and in annular spaces; transmission through static or flowing fluids; mechanical transmission through cable, monofilament steel cable or coiled rod; transmission through the ground; transmission through wellhead equipment. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 16 / 55 9 / 28

[040] Communication through the structure and / or through the fluid is preferred.

[041] Acoustic transmission can be at subsonic (<20 Hz), sonic (20 Hz - 20kHz), and ultrasonic (20kHz - 2MHz) frequencies. Preferably, acoustic transmission is sonic (20Hz - 20kHz).

[042] Electromagnetic (EM) wireless communication (sometimes called Quasi-static (QS)) is typically in the frequency bands of: (Selected based on propagation characteristics) sub-ELF (extremely low frequency) <3Hz (typically above 0.01 Hz); ELF 3Hz to 30Hz; SLF (super low frequency) 30Hz to 300Hz; ULF (ultra-low frequency) 300Hz to 3kHz; and VLF (very low frequency) 3kHz to 30kHz.

[043] These forms of wireless signals are described in further detail in WO2017 / 203285. Electrically controllable valve

[044] Typically, the electrically controllable valve is provided between the annular channel and the main production borehole.

[045] The electrically controllable valve may be a plug valve. Alternatively or additionally, the electrically controllable valve may comprise a sleeve.

[046] Optionally, the valve may comprise fixed or adjustable obturators. The valve is preferably a proportional valve so that it can throttle the fluid flow to varying degrees, rather than having only open / close positions.

[047] Preferably, a valve assembly comprises the electrically controllable valve. The valve assembly may comprise multiple plugs or sleeves, which may be independently controlled. The assembly of Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 17 / 55 A 10 / 28 valve may have at least three connectors. The valve assembly may comprise a first external connection for connection to other load-bearing tubing in a tubing string, a second connector for connection to the external load-bearing tubing, and / or a third internal connector for connection to the inner tubing.

[048] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a valve assembly is provided comprising an electrically controllable valve, a first external connection for connection to other load-bearing tubes in a tubular column, a second connector for connection to the external load-bearing tube and a third internal connector for connection to the internal tube.

[049] The features, especially optional features, of the first, additional and second aspects of the invention are independently interchangeable and are not repeated in the present invention for brevity.

[050] The tubular assembly may include a 3-way crossover connector, especially for embodiments where the valve assembly is extended into the well at the lower end of the tubular assembly. For such embodiments, the 3-way crossover connector is normally deployed at the upper end of the tubular assembly, to terminate the annular channel. It may have a first external connection for connection to other load-bearing tubulars in the tubular string, a second connector for connection to the external load-bearing tubular, and a third internal connector for connection to the internal tubular.

[051] Preferably, the first connector (of the valve assembly or the 3-way crossover connector) for the tubular column comprises a threaded connection. Optionally, the second connector (of the valve assembly or the 3-way crossover connector) for the tubular supporting external load comprises a stab connection. Preferably, the third connector (of the assembly Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 18 / 55 The 1 1 / 28 valve or 3-way crossover connector) for the inner tubing is a threaded connection. The second connector may also include a nut collar mounted on a movable threaded connection over the stab fitting to transfer the load. Implantation

[052] According to a third aspect of the invention, a method is provided for deploying a tubular assembly as described in the present invention in an uncased well, the method comprising extending the outer load-bearing tubular and inner tubular into the uncased well together, rigidly secured to each other below a mounting position near the surface of the uncased well.

[053] In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method for deploying a tubular assembly in an unlined well, the tubular assembly comprising: an electrically controllable valve; a tubular bearing an external load having a flow path through one wall thereof; an inner tubular within at least one section of the tubular bearing an external load, thereby defining an annular channel between an interior of said section of the tubular bearing an external load and an exterior of the inner tubular and defining a main production hole within the inner tubular and, where the tubular extends beyond said section, within the tubular bearing an external load beyond said section; a seal between the inner tubular and the outer load-bearing tubular, and an electrically controllable valve arranged to control fluid flow between said annular channel and the main production borehole; the method comprising: Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 19 / 55 12 / 28 extend the load-bearing outer tubular and inner tubular into the uncased well together, rigidly secured to each other below a mounting position near the surface of the uncased well.

[054] The external load-bearing tubular and internal tubular can be assembled together near the wellbore surface in a mounting / assembly position, then extend into the uncased well together. Therefore, they can be extended together for more than 90% of the uncased well length.

[055] The methods of the third and further additional aspects may independently include features, especially optional features, of the tubular assemblies described in the present invention and the valve according to the second aspect, and these are not repeated here for brevity.

[056] The method may additionally include: a) suspend at least one external load-bearing tubular, the external load-bearing tubular having a sealing assembly and a sealing hole extension; b) optionally connect at least one or more external load-bearing tubular(s) with at least one other load-bearing tubular to form a column of external load-bearing tubulars; c) suspend an inner tubular, partially inside the outer load-bearing tubular, the inner tubular having the other end of a sealing assembly and a sealing hole extension; d) Rotary-connect a valve assembly to the inner tubing; e) Lower the inner tube to engage the sealing assembly and sealing hole extension; f) Connect one end of the valve assembly to the tubular component that supports the external load; Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 20 / 55 13 / 28 (g) typically lower the outer load-bearing tube and the connected inner tube; h) attach a second, opposite end of the valve assembly to a tubular column; i) Typically install the tubular string with the tubular assembly additionally secured in the well.

[057] Additional internal tubing may also be added as needed. Steps e) and f) may be performed simultaneously or in any order. Otherwise, the steps are preferably performed successively in the given order.

[058] For embodiments where the valve assembly is at the bottom (as seated) of the tubular assembly, the 3-way crossover connector is provided at the upper end of the assembly and, for such embodiments, the method may comprise: a) suspend at least one external load-bearing tubular comprising a valve assembly, or at least one external load-bearing tubular also having a seal between the assembly and a sealing hole extension; b) optionally connect at least one external load-bearing tubular pipe to a tubular string below it via a valve assembly downhole connector; c) optionally connect at least one or more external load-bearing tubular(s) to at least one load-bearing tubular to form a column of external load-bearing tubulars; d) suspend at least one inner tube partially inside at least one load-bearing outer tube, with at least one inner tube having the other end between the sealing assembly and the sealing hole extension; Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 21 / 55 14 / 28 e) Rotately connect a well bottom connector from the 3-way crossover connector to the inner tubular pipe; f) Lower the inner tubular and fixed 3-way crossover connector to engage the lower seal assembly and seal hole extension; (g) Connect an additional downhole connector from the 3-way crossover connector to at least one external load-bearing tubular or to said external load-bearing tubular string; h) typically lower at least one load-bearing external tubular pipe connected to at least one internal tubular pipe; i) attach a connector above the well of the 3-way crossover connector to a tubular column; and j) Typically install the tubular string with the tubular assembly additionally secured in the well.

[059] Additional internal tubing may also be added as needed.

[060] The tubular bearing that supports external load can be suspended from the drilling floor, rotary table or from any other suitable means.

[061] The inner tubular can be suspended from the drilling floor, rotary table, an additional “dummy” rotary or from any other suitable means.

[062] Normally, to rotatably form the connection between the valve assembly (when positioned at the top or the 3-way crossover connector if present when the valve is at the bottom), the inner tubing is held rotationally stationary (relative to the outer load-bearing tubing) and the valve assembly or 3-way crossover connector is rotated. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 22 / 55 15 / 28

[063] Alternatively, for embodiments where the valve assembly is at the bottom, the valve assembly is normally held stationary when the load-bearing column / tube is rotated.

[064] Typically, the valve assembly is connected to the external load-bearing tubular. An external rotating nut collar may be provided to secure the connection and / or transfer the load.

[065] Thus, neither the external load-bearing tubular, nor the valve assembly with fixed internal tubular, needs to rotate to form the connection between the valve assembly and the external load-bearing tubular. Consequently, rotation of the sealing assembly / seal bore extension, connected in the well, can be avoided. Furthermore, the tubular assembly can be deployed in the uncased well in a single operation.

[066] For many embodiments there is a maximum of one valve assembly controlling flow between the annular channel and the main production bore, per tubular assembly, or each tubular assembly optionally including two or more external load-bearing tubular joints (optionally including, additionally, two or more filters) and two or more internal tubular joints.

[067] However, for certain embodiments, a valve assembly may be provided either at the top or at the bottom of the tubular assembly (occupying the place of the 3-way crossover connector described above).

[068] Therefore, the embodiments preferably have a maximum of two valve assemblies controlling the flow between the annular channel and main production bore per tubular assembly; or each tubular assembly optionally including two or more load-bearing tubular joints (including optionally two or more filters) and two or more inner tubular joints. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 23 / 55 16 / 28

[069] For certain embodiments a combined valve assembly may provide a lower end of a valve assembly for an upper tubular assembly and an upper end of a valve assembly for a lower tubular assembly. Such a combined valve assembly may share valve assembly components required for both the upper and lower tubular assemblies, such as a transceiver. Pit

[070] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a well comprising a tubular column and a tubular assembly is provided as described in this document.

[071] The tubular assembly of the fourth aspect of the invention independently includes optional and preferred features of the tubular assemblies according to the first and additional aspects of the invention, the valve according to the second aspect of the invention and the methods of the third and additional aspects, and these are not repeated here for brevity.

[072] The well may comprise a plurality of tubular assemblies, each tubular assembly including an associated annular channel and an associated valve. Where there are two or more tubular assemblies, there are respectively two or more annular channels, forming a discontinuous annular path, rather than a continuous annular channel extending through the well.

[073] As well as one or more tubular assemblies, the external load-bearing tubular string may also include perforated pipes, bore pipes, rough pipes and seals including swollen seals; the order and number of each may be adapted to reflect particular well zones and length etc. Seals Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 24 / 55 17 / 28

[074] Each tubular assembly may be separated by a seal or similar and optionally by a seal below it. The seal may be a defined pressure seal which is adapted to be fitted using an upper pressure applied inside the tubular / tube column supporting external load. Such defined pressure seals include inflatable seals where pressure inflates a sealing element, hydraulically defined seals where applied pressure activates a piston that acts on a defined compression sealing element, and expandable metal seals where pressure expands the metal to seal with the external column or bore.

[075] Compared to swollen seals, set-pressure seals can typically operate with a higher pressure differential, are usually quicker to set (which can reduce valuable rig time), and often have improved long-term reliability. However, they have hitherto been difficult to activate in certain well positions. Embodiments of the invention may use a set-pressure seal below (or above) one or more tubular assemblies typically by closing the electrically controllable valve above (or below) them to prevent pressure loss to the reservoir. The elevated borehole pressure is then used to activate the set-pressure seal(s) below (or above).

[076] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, an assembly is provided comprising the tubular assembly of the first aspect or additional aspects of the invention and a defined pressure seal.

[077] The assembly of the fifth aspect of the invention may independently include features, especially optional features, of the other aspects of the present invention described herein and these are not repeated here for brevity.

[078] The fifth aspect assembly can be provided in a well. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 25 / 55 18 / 28

[079] There may be a plurality of definite pressure seals in the said assembly. There may be a definite pressure seal between a first and a second tubular assembly. The definite pressure seal may be mounted on the same column as the tubular assembly. The definite pressure seal may be provided above or below the tubular assembly, especially in a position that has pressure communication with the production bore of the tubular assembly. For certain embodiments, the definite pressure seal is below the tubular assembly.

[080] Optionally, all flow paths in the tubular(s) supporting external load(s) of the fifth aspect of the invention are controlled by the valve assembly.

[081] Certain designs, especially those with multiple flow paths in the tubular(s) bearing external load(s), can be combined with self-contained valves, packers, or plugs in the filter flow paths to further optimize flow to / from the formation. For example, such valves may include rubber elements that swell upon contact with water to automatically close a valve, thereby inhibiting water flow and production from wells intended for hydrocarbon production. In another example, flow paths in the tubular(s) bearing external load(s) near the valve can be throttled to a greater extent than those further from the valve. In another example, a filter to be positioned at a higher flow position can be plugged or throttled to a greater extent than other filters to be positioned at a lower flow position.

[082] The well can be a multilateral well. In the event that a lateral borehole is not producing the desired fluids, it can be more easily shut off using the electrically controllable valve. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 26 / 55 19 / 28

[083] Control of the side hole can also be provided by wireless communication from the main hole, reducing the difficult requirement of laying cables in side holes.

[084] The modes are particularly suitable for use in subsea wells. The modes are normally used in a production well. Flow

[085] According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a method of producing fluid from a reservoir is provided, comprising: to provide a tubular column comprising a tubular assembly as described in the present invention in a well; to produce fluid from a reservoir into the well, through the flow path(s) in the tubular load-bearing external tubular assembly into the annular channel; Fluid flows through the annular channel towards the electrically controllable valve; optionally adjust said electrically controllable valve to change the fluid flow rate from the annular channel to the main production borehole.

[086] The tubular assembly of the sixth aspect of the invention may independently include features, especially optional features, as described with respect to the other aspects of the invention, and are not repeated here for brevity.

[087] In particular, there may be more than one tubular assemblies, or more than one multi-joint assemblies, each with a respective annular channel and valve and each normally associated with a respective zone. In this way, an operator can optimize fluid flow from different tubular assemblies / multi-joint assemblies, normally from different zones, into the main production borehole. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 27 / 55 20 / 28

[088] The method may include detecting at least one property of the fluids from the reservoir. The electrically controllable valve may be adjusted, automatically or by an operator, at least partially in response to the detected fluid property. The nature of the fluids produced after adjusting the electrically controllable valve may be monitored at or near the surface. The nature of the fluids produced (e.g., water / gas / sand cutting) may then be used to further verify or optimize the desired fluid produced.

[089] According to a seventh aspect of the invention, a method is provided for injecting fluid into a geological formation, comprising: to provide a tubular string comprising a tubular assembly, as described in the present invention, in an uncased well, wherein the production borehole is an injection borehole; Inject fluid from the injection hole into a portion of the geological formation, through the annular channel and flow path(s) in the tubular load-bearing external tubular assembly; and optionally adjust said valve to change the fluid flow rate from the injection hole into the annular channel to the geological formation.

[090] The tubular assembly of the seventh aspect of the invention may independently include optional features as described with respect to the other aspects of the invention, and are not repeated here for brevity.

[091] The uncased well, according to the seventh aspect of the invention, may have previously been a production well. Such a production well may have flow paths to a plurality of zones. In this way, it may remain in communication with a plurality of zones and the injection of fluids into the geological formation of a chosen zone may be controlled using the tubular string as described. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 28 / 55 21 / 28

[092] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described only by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[093] Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a first embodiment of a tubular column with two tubular assemblies according to an aspect of the present invention;

[094] Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of a second embodiment of a tubular column with two tubular assemblies according to an aspect of the present invention;

[095] Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a valve assembly according to an aspect of the present invention;

[096] Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of an embodiment of a tubular assembly formed as a multi-joint assembly according to an aspect of the present invention;

[097] Figure 4b is an enlarged sectional view of a valve used in the assembly of multiple joints of Figure 4a;

[098] Figure 5 is a partial sectional view of a further embodiment of a tubular assembly according to an aspect of the present invention;

[099] Figure 6 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of a tubular column according to an aspect of the present invention;

[0100] Figure 7a is a partial sectional view of another embodiment of a tubular column according to an aspect of the present invention;

[0101] Figure 7b is an enlarged view of a valve assembly forming part of the embodiment of Figure 7a; and

[0102] Figure 7c is an enlarged view of a connector subassembly forming part of the embodiment of Figure 7a.

[0103] A tubular filter assembly 1 is shown in figure 1 including external load-bearing tubulars in the form of base tube 10a and sections of Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 29 / 55 22 / 28 internal piping or stinger 10b, 10b'. In the base pipe 10a, a first group of two filters 11a, 11b and a second group of additional filters 12a, 12b are provided. Each group of filters has a respective inflow control valve (ICV) 13, 14 and connector 15, 16 upstream of the filters; and sealing holes 17, 18 and seals 19, 20 downstream. Each group, with associated components, forms a multi-joint subassembly and generally produces from a respective reservoir zone.

[0104] Sensors (not shown) such as a water cut-off meter or pressure / temperature sensor, may be fitted to each ICV 13, 14 to determine or infer water cut-off and / or flow rate. A transceiver (not shown) sends data to the operator on the surface and may receive control signals to close or throttle each ICV 13, 14 independently.

[0105] The respective annular channels 21, 22 are formed inside the base tube 10a and outside the inner tubulars 10b, 10b'. The filters 11a & 11b, 12a & 12b communicate with the respective annular channels 21, 22 allowing fluid flow through the filters into the channel towards the respective ICV 13, 14.

[0106] An enlarged view of a valve assembly 40 comprising the inflow control valve (ICV) 13, 14 is shown in Figure 3 and will be described with respect to the first group of filters / subassemblies, noting that the others have the same features. The valve assembly 40 also includes a first connector above the well 41 for connection to the base pipe 10a above it, a second external column connector 42 for connection to the base pipe 10a below it, and a third internal column connector 43 for connection to the internal pipe 10b below it. A controller 44 controls the inflow control valve 13 and includes the wireless transceiver (not shown). The valve controls fluid flow between the annular channel 21 and an internal production borehole 30 of the base pipe 10a, via ports 45, 46 respectively. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 30 / 55 23 / 28

[0107] In use, fluids flow through filters 11a & 11b, 12a & 12b into the interior of base tube 10a, into the respective annular channel 21, 22 and through the respective influx control valves 13, 14 (when open) and forward into the main production bore 30 of base tube 10a to the surface.

[0108] In the event that there is undesirable flow through a particular subassembly, the operator may choose to suppress or stop the flow from the subassembly / zone by adjusting the associated ICV 13 / 14. In this way, a more optimized flow from the well can be obtained or it can be shut off if necessary.

[0109] Figure 2 is a second embodiment of a tubular filter assembly with similar parts sharing the same reference number except preceded by a '1'. In this embodiment, seals 119 / 120 are above the respective sealing holes 117 / 118. This arrangement can be used where there is, for example, limited space to define the sealing hole in the particular zone. Otherwise, the embodiment of Figure 2 functions as described for Figure 1.

[0110] Figure 4a is a third embodiment of a tubular filter assembly with similar parts sharing the same reference number preceded by a '2'. In this embodiment, five filters 211a, 211b, 211c, 211d, 211e comprise the subassembly. Thus, this embodiment can be used for zones that extend over a longer length of the well. Other embodiments may have many more filters in the same subassembly and associated with the same valve.

[0111] In alternative embodiments, the ICV can be configured to be automatically closed or throttled back in response to the detection of water or other undesirable fluid flow from one or more associated zones / subassemblies.

[0112] Figure 5 shows a fourth embodiment of a tubular filter assembly with similar parts sharing the same reference number. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 31 / 55 24 / 28 preceded by a '3'. In this configuration, the subassembly comprises two filters 311a, 311b.

[0113] In addition to or instead of sensors associated with an ICV assembly 340, a continuous or discrete line of sensors 323 extends along a base tube 310a, past the ICV assembly 340, past a connector 315, through filters 311a & 311b, past a sealing hole 317 and a seal 319 and onward to any additional subassembly below (not shown).

[0114] This 323 sensor line can similarly provide information about the nature of fluids produced through the filters of a particular subassembly / zone, the data being used to optimize recovery of particular fluids from the well.

[0115] Figure 6 shows a fifth embodiment of a tubular filter assembly in perspective view, with similar parts sharing the same reference number except preceded by a '4'. In this embodiment, the subassembly further comprises a mechanical sliding sleeve 425 below an ICV assembly 440 and above a connector 415, filters 411 and a sealing hole extension 417. In the event that the valve fails to close, such a sleeve can be opened.

[0116] The length and nature of the tubular assemblies and associated tubular string exemplified in the present invention can be adapted according to well length and zone position, etc. For explanatory purposes, relatively short tubular assemblies are described, but in practice they can be much longer. For example, in one embodiment, there is a tubular assembly with ten tubular joints supporting external load and twelve internal tubular joints. In another embodiment, there are three tubular assemblies, with four, twenty, and fifty tubular joints supporting external / internal tubular loads, respectively. Each assembly can be separated by defined pressure seals, and the fifty Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 32 / 55 25 / 28 joint sections comprised of filters divided into subsections by two swollen seals. In a third embodiment there are ten tubular assemblies, joined together with other load-bearing tubulars including raw and perforated tubes.

[0117] Figures 7A and 7b show a fourth embodiment of the present invention with similar parts using the same reference numerals preceded by a '5'. The embodiment in Figures 7a / 7b generally functions as described for previous embodiments with an annular channel 521 formed between a base tube 510a and an inner tube 510b. However, a difference is that the valve assembly 540 is towards the bottom of the tubular assembly below the filters 511a, 511b, instead of being towards the top. This can be useful for aligning the filters with a zone of interest. The external load-bearing tube 510a including the valve 540 is fixed in a tube joint below it.

[0118] As shown in Figure 7b, the valve assembly 540 includes a first downhole connector 541 for connection to another load-bearing tubular below it, a second external string connector 542 for connection to the external load-bearing tubular 510a above it, and a third internal string connector 543 for connection to the internal tubular 510b above it. A controller 544 controls an inflow control valve 513 and includes the wireless transceiver (not shown). The valve 513 similarly controls fluid flow between the annulus channel 521 and an internal production bore 530 of the base tube 510a, via ports 545 and 546 respectively.

[0119] Toward the top end of this embodiment, there is a 3-way crossover / connector assembly, shown in more detail in Figure 7c. It includes similar connections as the valve assembly of Figure 3, although without a valve. Such connections use the same reference number except preceded by a '6'. The 640 3-way crossover connector has a first connector above. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 33 / 55 26 / 28 of well 641 for connection to another load-bearing tubular above it, a second external column connector 642 for connection to an external load-bearing tubular, and a third internal column connector 643 for connection to the internal tubular below it.

[0120] The layouts can be arranged to reflect the particular well configuration. For example, appropriate numbers of filters can be used for each zone, appropriate numbers of subassemblies to reflect each zone. Raw base tubing can also be used.

[0121] The embodiments of the invention also benefit in that existing filter designs can be used with little or no modification and the filters can comprise flow control mechanisms such as check valves, plugs and autonomous influx control devices.

[0122] Tubular filter assembly 1 is mounted on the floor of the rig (not shown) prior to deployment. The deployment of a tubular filter assembly 1 will now be described with particular reference to the lower subassembly shown in Figure 1 and the valve assembly shown in Figure 3.

[0123] The outer base tube 10a is first mounted and extended into the top of a well (not shown), which is the seal 20, sealing hole extension 18 and filters 12b / 12a; which remains suspended on a primary rotary table (not shown).

[0124] The inner tube 20b' or inner column is then fitted and fed into the outer column using a dummy rotary (not shown) which lowers the inner tube 10b' into the base tube 10a until it is engaged in the sealing hole extension 18. It is then suspended from the dummy rotary.

[0125] The third connector 43 in the valve assembly 40 is then rotatably connected to the upper end of the inner tube 10b. The second connector 42 Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 34 / 55 27 / 28 of valve assembly 40 is then connected to the outer column or base tube 10a to form connection 15.

[0126] The ICV 40 assembly with internal tubing fixed 10b' is lowered. At the upper end, an external locking nut (not shown) is rotated and locked, completing the connection 15. The internal tubing 10b' is then sealed between the sealing hole extension 18 and the ICV 40 assembly inlet, defining the channel 22, which forms a sealed flow path. The entire assembly is extended further into the hole.

[0127] The dummy rotary is then removed and the assembly (with base tube 10a and connected inner tube 10b') suspended from the primary rotary table. The connector above well 41 of the valve assembly is then engaged with another load-bearing tube. The entire subassembly is then extended together. Additional subassemblies, such as the top assembly shown in Figure 1, can be assembled in the same way.

[0128] In this way, the assembly can be completed without rotation of the assembly while the inner tube 10b' is inside the base tube 10a.

[0129] For configurations such as the configuration in Figure 7a-7c where the valve is towards the bottom of the tubular string, the order of assembly usually has some changes. The tubular bearing external load with the valve assembly is suspended in the well first, additional tubular bearing external loads are successively added, such as one or more base tube joints with filters.

[0130] The inner tubular is then suspended within the string of outer tubulars. And additional inner tubulars can be successively added to form a string of inner tubulars. Towards the top of the tubular assembly, an inner downhole connector of a 3-way crossover connector is rotatably connected to the stationary inner tubular. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 35 / 55 28 / 28

[0131] The inner tube is then lowered and a sealing / seal hole extension assembly on the lower valve assembly on the outer tube and the inner tube are engaged.

[0132] A 3-way connector bottom hole connector is then connected to the external load-bearing tubular to connect the tubulars. An external rotational nut collar is provided to allow the load to be transferred. The connected tubulars are then lowered.

[0133] A connector above the well of the 3-way crossover connector is then fixed to a tubular string above. The tubular assembly with connected tubulars can then be extended into the well.

[0134] Improvements and modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. For example, although embodiments of the present invention are generally described in the context of production wells, alternative embodiments may be used for injection, such as steam / water injection or CO2 sequestration. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 36 / 55

Claims

1 / 10 CLAIMS 1. Tubular assembly, CHARACTERIZED in comprising: an external load-bearing tubular comprising an electrically controllable valve, the external load-bearing tubular having a flow path through a wall thereof; an inner tubular within at least one section of the external load-bearing tubular, thereby defining an annular channel between an interior of said section of the external load-bearing tubular and an exterior of the inner tubular and defining a main production bore within the inner tubular and, where the outer tubular extends beyond said section, within the external load-bearing tubular beyond said section; a seal between the inner tubular and the external load-bearing tubular, wherein the electrically controllable valve is disposed to control the fluid flow between said annular channel and the main production bore.

2. Tubular assembly, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the inner tubular and the outer load-bearing tubular are rigidly fixed to each other, so that they are deployed or removed from the well together and not separately.

3. Tubular assembly, according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the tubular component supporting the external load comprises a filter.

4. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED in that the outer load-bearing tubular extends in length beyond the length of the inner tubular, and for sections of the outer load-bearing tubular extending beyond the inner tubular in length, the main production bore is defined by the outer load-bearing tubular. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 37 / 55 2 / 10 5. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED in that the tubular bearing the external load has an outer diameter of at least 4 inches (102 mm).

6. Tubular assembly, according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in comprising at least one tubular supporting an additional external load having a flow path in one wall thereof and at least one additional internal tubular; thus forming a multi-joint assembly and extending the annular channel to form an extended annular channel.

7. Tubular assembly, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the flow path in the externally load-bearing tubular and the flow path in at least one additional externally load-bearing tubular are in fluid communication with said extended annular channel, such that the fluid flow through the load-bearing tubular and the at least one additional externally load-bearing tubular is controlled by the same electrically controllable valve.

8. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrically controllable valve is automatically controllable based on a timer or data from a sensor.

9. Tubular assembly, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrically controllable valve is controllable by an operator.

10. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrically controllable valve is an electronically controllable valve.

11. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED in that the seal is formed in part using a sealing hole extension as a polished hole. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 38 / 55 3 / 10 12. Tubular assembly, according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the seal is on or towards one end of the inner tubular structure.

13. Tubular assembly, according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrically controllable valve as part of the load-bearing tubular is at or towards one end of the inner tubular.

14. Tubular assembly, according to claim 13, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrically controllable valve is at the opposite end of the inner tubing from the seal.

15. Tubular assembly, according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in comprising at least one sensor configured to determine the nature of fluid flow, such as pressure, temperature and / or flow rate.

16. Tubular assembly, according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one sensor evaluates the proportion or quantity of water, sand, gas or oil content, especially the quantity or proportion of water content.

17. Tubular assembly, according to any one of claims 15 to 16, CHARACTERIZED in that the sensor comprises an assembly of sensors, such as a discrete or fiber optic sensor assembly.

18. Tubular assembly, according to any one of claims 15 to 17, CHARACTERIZED in that the tubular assembly includes a transmitter for transmitting signals and the transmitter is coupled, physically or wirelessly, to the sensor(s).

19. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED in that the tubular assembly includes a receiver for Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 39 / 55 4 / 10 to receive control signals for the electrically controllable valve and the receiver is coupled, physically or wirelessly, to the electrically controllable valve.

20. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrically controllable valve is wirelessly controllable.

21. Tubular assembly, according to claim 20, CHARACTERIZED in that wireless control is achieved through one or more acoustic signals, electromagnetic (EM) signals, or encoded pressure pulses.

22. Tubular assembly, according to claim 21, CHARACTERIZED in that wireless control is achieved through one or more acoustic signals and electromagnetic (EM) signals.

23. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is battery powered.

24. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that there is a plurality of flow paths in the wall of the tubular structure supporting the external load.

25. Tubular assembly, according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrically controllable valve is a proportional valve operable to throttle the fluid flow to varying degrees.

26. Tubular assembly, according to any previous claim, CHARACTERIZED in that a valve assembly comprises the electrically controllable valve, the valve assembly comprising a first external connection for connection to other external load-bearing tubulars in a tubular column, a second connector for connection to the external load-bearing tubular, and a third internal connector for connection to the internal tubular. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 40 / 55 5 / 10 27. Tubular assembly, according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED in that it is connected to other load-bearing tubulars and deployed as part of a tubular string in a well.

28. Tubular column, according to claim 27, CHARACTERIZED in that there are a maximum of two valve assemblies controlling the flow between the annular channel and the main production bore per tubular assembly.

29. Tubular column, according to claim 28, CHARACTERIZED in that the tubular assembly includes at least two external load-bearing tubular joints and at least two internal tubular joints.

30. Tubular column, according to any one of claims 27 to 29, CHARACTERIZED in that a seal is provided below the tubular assembly, the seal being a definite pressure seal.

31. Tubular column, according to any one of claims 27 to 30, CHARACTERIZED in that there is a plurality of tubular assemblies as part of the tubular column.

32. Tubular column, according to claim 31, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises a defined pressure seal between two tubular assemblies.

33. Well, CHARACTERIZED by comprising a tubular column according to any one of claims 27 to 32.

34. Well, according to claim 33, CHARACTERIZED in that the tubular assembly is provided in a lateral section of the well.

35. Method for installing a tubular assembly, according to any of claims 1 to 27 in an unlined well, the method being CHARACTERIZED by comprising setting the external load-bearing tubular and internal tubular in the unlined well together, rigidly fixed to each other below an assembly position. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 41 / 55 6 / 10 36. Method for deploying a tubular assembly according to claim 35, CHARACTERIZED in comprising: a) suspending at least one external load-bearing tubular from a rotary table, the external load-bearing tubular having one end between a seal assembly and a seal hole extension; b) optionally connecting at least one additional external load-bearing tubular to at least one load-bearing tubular to form a load of external load-bearing tubulars; c) suspending an inner tubular from a second rotary table, partially inside the external load-bearing tubular, the inner tubular having the other end between a seal assembly and a seal hole extension; d) rotatably connecting a valve assembly to the inner tubular; e) lowering the inner tubular to engage the seal assembly and seal hole extension; f) connecting one end of the valve assembly to the external load-bearing tubular;g) Lower the external load-bearing tubular and the connected internal tubular; h) Attach a second opposite end of the valve assembly to a tubular string; i) Typically install the tubular string with the additionally secured tubular assembly in the well.

37. Method according to claim 36, CHARACTERIZED in that in step d), the valve assembly is rotated as the inner tubular is held rotationally stationary to form the third internal connection.

38. Method according to claim 36 or 37, CHARACTERIZED in that in step f) the valve assembly is connected to the tubular bearing the external load. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 42 / 55 7 / 10 39. Method according to claim 38, CHARACTERIZED in that an external rotating nut collar is provided to secure the connection between the valve assembly and the external load-bearing tubular structure.

40. Valve assembly CHARACTERIZED by comprising an electrically controllable valve, a first external connection for connection to a load-bearing tubular in a tubular column, a second connector for connection to the external load-bearing tubular and a third internal connector for connection to the internal tubular.

41. Valve assembly, according to claim 40, CHARACTERIZED in that the first connector with the tubular column comprises a threaded connection.

42. Valve assembly, according to claim 40 or 41, CHARACTERIZED in that the second connector with the external load-bearing tubular component comprises a stab connection.

43. Valve assembly, according to claim 42, CHARACTERIZED in that the second connector also includes a nut collar mounted in a movable threaded manner on the stab connection to secure it.

44. Valve assembly, according to any one of claims 40 to 43, CHARACTERIZED in that the third connector with the inner tubing is a threaded connection.

45. Tubular assembly, CHARACTERIZED by comprising: an electrically controllable valve; a tubular bearing an external load having a flow path through one wall thereof; at least one additional tubular bearing an external load having a flow path in one wall thereof; an inner tubular and at least one additional inner tubular, the inner tubulars within at least one section of the tubulars bearing external loads. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, page 1.43 / 55 8 / 10 defining, in this way, an annular channel between an interior of said section of the external load-bearing tubulars and an exterior of the internal tubulars and defining a main production bore within the internal tubulars and where the external tubulars extend beyond said section, within the external load-bearing tubulars beyond said section; a seal between at least one internal tubular and at least one external load-bearing tubular, wherein the electrically controllable valve is arranged to control fluid flow between said annular channel and the main production bore.

46. ​​Tubular assembly, according to claim 45, CHARACTERIZED in that it is battery powered.

47. Tubular assembly, according to claim 45 or 46, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrically controllable valve is wirelessly controllable.

48. Tubular assembly, according to any one of claims 45 to 47, CHARACTERIZED in that the annular channel extends for at least 18 m.

49. Tubular assembly, according to any one of claims 45 to 48, CHARACTERIZED in that it is connected to other load-bearing tubulars and deployed as part of a tubular string in a well.

50. Tubular column, according to claim 49, CHARACTERIZED in that there are a maximum of two valve assemblies controlling the flow between the annular channel and the main production bore per tubular assembly.

51. Method for installing a tubular assembly, according to any of claims 45 to 50 in an uncased well, the method being CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the load-bearing outer tubular and inner tubular are laid together in the uncased well, rigidly secured to each other below a mounting position. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, pp. 44 / 55 9 / 10 52. Method for installing a tubular assembly in an uncased well, the tubular assembly being CHARACTERIZED by comprising: an electrically controllable valve; an external load-bearing tubular having a flow path through one wall thereof; an inner tubular within at least one section of the external load-bearing tubular, thereby defining an annular channel between an interior of said section of the external load-bearing tubular and an exterior of the inner tubular and defining a main production hole within the inner tubular and, where the outer tubular extends beyond said section, within the external load-bearing tubular beyond said section; a seal between the inner tubular and the external load-bearing tubular, and the electrically controllable valve arranged to control fluid flow between said annular channel and the main production hole;The method comprises: laying the external load-bearing tubular and the internal tubular into the unlined well together, rigidly secured to each other below a mounting position.

53. Method for deploying a tubular assembly according to claim 52, CHARACTERIZED in comprising: a) suspending at least one external load-bearing tubular from a rotary table, the external load-bearing tubular having a sealing assembly and a sealing hole extension between it; b) suspending an internal tubular from a second rotary table, partially inside the external load-bearing tubular, the internal tubular having a sealing assembly and a sealing hole extension between it; c) rotatably connecting a valve assembly to the internal tubular; Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p.45 / 55 10 / 10 d) Lower the inner tubing to engage the sealing assembly and sealing hole extension; e) Connect one end of the valve assembly to the external load-bearing tubing; f) Lower the external load-bearing tubing and connected inner tubing; g) Attach a second opposite end of the valve assembly to a tubing string; h) Typically deploy the tubing string with the tubing assembly attached further into the well. Petition 870250088591, dated 09 / 30 / 2025, p. 46 / 55.

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