Light-emitting element and method of manufacturing a light-emitting element.

Description

1 / 32 Light-emitting element and method of manufacturing a light-emitting element. Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a light-emitting element included in a display device and a method of manufacturing the light-emitting element. Description of the Related Technique

[0002] A light-emitting element is an element that emits light from a light-emitting layer interposed between electrodes when a voltage is applied to two opposite electrodes. Specifically, when a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, electrons and holes injected from the electrodes meet in the light-emitting layer to form excitons. As the excitons transition from an excited energy state to a relatively lower energy state, light of a predetermined wavelength is emitted.

[0003] Since the light-emitting element is desired to accommodate as many electrons and holes as possible in the light-emitting layer to form excitons, the motion characteristics of the holes and electrons are desired to be tuned so that the holes and electrons injected from the anode and cathode meet right in the light-emitting layer. Therefore, the light-emitting element may include organic layers that improve the motion characteristics of electrons or holes above or below the light-emitting layer.

[0004] In particular, an electron transport layer that improves electron transfer characteristics Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 12 / 101 2 / 32 can be provided. The electron transport layer consists of various materials, and many electron transport materials are under research to provide electrons with appropriate transfer characteristics, even at a relatively low drive voltage. Detailed Explanation of the Invention - Technical Objective

[0005] One objective of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element with improved efficiency and service life.

[0006] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the light-emitting element.

[0007] However, the object of the present invention is not limited to this object and can be expanded in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Technical solution

[0008] A light-emitting element in one embodiment may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a first electron helper layer disposed between the first electrode and the light-emitting layer, and a functional layer disposed between the light-emitting layer and the first electron helper layer, and including a compound with a carboxyl group.

[0009] In one embodiment, the compound with the carboxyl group may include any of the following compounds: Compound 1 Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 13 / 101 3 / 32 Compound 2 where in compound 1 and compound 2, Rl, each independently represents H3c4c2)ir O 00 , ~ , or ~ ~

[0010] In one embodiment, the first electron helper layer may include inorganic metal nanoparticles.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first auxiliary electron shell may include at least one selected from TiO2, ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnAlO and SnO2.

[0012] In one embodiment, the light-emitting element may also include a second auxiliary electron layer arranged in the first auxiliary electron layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first auxiliary electron layer can be an electron injection layer and the second auxiliary electron layer can be an electron transport layer.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first auxiliary electron shell may include ZnO and the second auxiliary electron shell may include ZnMgO.

[0015] In one embodiment, the functional layer can be arranged between the first electron helper layer and the second electron helper layer.

[0016] In one embodiment, the functional layer may be in direct contact with the first auxiliary electron layer.

[0017] In one modality, the functional layer can be Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 14 / 101 4 / 32 located between the second auxiliary electron layer and the light-emitting layer.

[0018] In one embodiment, the functional layer may be in direct contact with the second auxiliary electron layer.

[0019] In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer may include a quantum dot.

[0020] In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer may include an organic material.

[0021] In one embodiment, the light-emitting element may also include an auxiliary hole layer disposed between the second electrode and the light-emitting layer.

[0022] A method of fabricating a light-emitting element in one embodiment may include forming a first electrode, forming a first electron helper layer on the first electrode, forming a functional layer including a compound having a carboxyl group on the first electron helper layer, forming a light-emitting layer on the functional layer, and forming a second electrode on the light-emitting layer.

[0023] In one embodiment, the formation of the functional layer may include forming a preliminary functional layer including a compound with an ester group in the first electron helper layer and heat treatment of the preliminary functional layer.

[0024] In one embodiment, the compound with the ester group may include any of the following compounds: Compound 3 THE Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 15 / 101 5 / 32 Compound 4 where in compound 3 and compound 4, Rl, each one, independently represents , , the ufθ -4<=2)kch3 R2, each one independently represents , The 4c21cf3, or

[0025] In one embodiment, the method may further include forming a second auxiliary electron layer on the first auxiliary electron layer, and the formation of the second auxiliary electron layer may be performed before the formation of the light-emitting layer.

[0026] In one embodiment, the functional layer can be formed in the first electron helper layer and the second electron helper layer can be formed in the functional layer.

[0027] In one embodiment, the functional layer can be formed in the second auxiliary electron layer. Advantageous Effects

[0028] In the display device in modalities, since a light-emitting element also includes the functional layer Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 16 / 101 6 / 32 Including a compound with a carboxyl group, the number of trap sites on the upper surface of an electron-helper layer can be reduced. That is, by forming the functional layer on the upper surface of the electron-helper layer, the number of trap sites on the upper surface of the electron-helper layer can be reduced. By reducing the number of trap sites on the upper surface of the electron-helper layer, the efficiency of electron injection into a light-emitting layer can be increased. Consequently, the characteristics of the light-emitting element can be improved.

[0029] Since the functional layer is formed by heat treatment of a preliminary functional layer including a compound with an ester group, corrosion of an inkjet device that forms the functional layer can be avoided. Specifically, when the compound with a carboxylic acid comes into contact with the inkjet device, the inkjet device can be corroded. Therefore, corrosion of the inkjet device can be avoided by forming the preliminary functional layer using the compound having an ester group that is relatively stable, and the efficiency of the light-emitting element can be improved by heat treating the preliminary functional layer to form the functional layer.

[0030] However, the effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above and can be expanded in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 17 / 101 7 / 32 a type of light-emitting element.

[0032] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a display device.

[0033] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a light-emitting element.

[0034] FIGS. 4 to 7 are shown illustrating an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a light-emitting element.

[0035] FIGS. 8 to 10 are shown illustrating an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a light-emitting element.

[0036] FIG. 11 is a graph showing current density versus voltage.

[0037] FIG. 12 is a graph showing luminance over time. Best Way to Carry Out the Invention

[0038] Hereafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers are used for the same components in the drawings, and redundant descriptions of the same components will be omitted.

[0039] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a light-emitting element.

[0040] With reference to FIG. 1, the light-emitting element 10 may include a first electrode 100, an intermediate layer 200 and a second electrode 300.

[0041] In one embodiment, the first electrode 100 may be a cathode. The first electrode 100 may have light transmission or reflection properties. In one embodiment, the first electrode 100 may include a metal and / or a reflective conductive material, for example.

[0042] In one embodiment, the second electrode 300 may be Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 18 / 101 8 / 32 facing the first electrode 100. In one embodiment, the second electrode 300 may be arranged on the first electrode 100, for example. The second electrode 300 may be an anode. The second electrode 300 may have light transmission or reflection properties. In one embodiment, the second electrode 300 may include a metal and / or a light-transmitting conductive material, for example.

[0043] The intermediate layer 200 can be arranged between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 300. That is, the intermediate layer 200 can be arranged on the first electrode 100 and placed under the second electrode 300. The intermediate layer 200 can include a light-emitting layer 230, an electron helper layer, a hole helper layer, and a functional layer 220.

[0044] The light-emitting layer 230 can be arranged between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 300. That is, the light-emitting layer 230 can be arranged on the first electrode 100 and placed under the second electrode 300. The light-emitting layer 230 can include organic and / or inorganic light-emitting materials. In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer 230 can include quantum dots. However, the present invention is not limited to this and, in another embodiment, the light-emitting layer 230 can include an organic material.

[0045] The electron helper layer can be arranged between the first electrode 100 and the light-emitting layer 230. The electron helper layer can include inorganic metal nanoparticles. In one embodiment, the inorganic metal nanoparticles that can be used as the electron helper layer can include TiO2, ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnAlO, SnO2, or Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 19 / 101 9 / 32 similar, for example. These can be used alone or in any combination with each other.

[0046] The auxiliary electron shell may include a first auxiliary electron shell 211 and a second auxiliary electron shell 213. The first auxiliary electron shell 211 may be arranged between the first electrode 100 and the light-emitting shell 230. The second auxiliary electron shell 213 may be arranged in the first auxiliary electron shell 211 and may be arranged below the light-emitting shell 230.

[0047] In one embodiment, the first electron auxiliary layer 211 may be an electron injection layer and the second electron auxiliary layer 213 may be an electron transport layer, for example. Furthermore, the first electron auxiliary layer 211 may include ZnO and the second electron auxiliary layer 213 may include ZnMgO. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0048] The hole auxiliary layer can be arranged between the second electrode 300 and the light-emitting layer 230. The hole auxiliary layer can include a first hole auxiliary layer 240 and a second hole auxiliary layer 250. The second hole auxiliary layer 250 can be arranged on the first hole auxiliary layer 240. In one embodiment, the first hole auxiliary layer 240 can be a hole transport layer and the second hole auxiliary layer 250 can be a hole injection layer, for example.

[0049] In one embodiment, the 220 functional layer can be arranged between the light-emitting layer 230 and the first electron auxiliary layer 211. In another embodiment, the 220 functional layer can be arranged between the first electron auxiliary layer 211 and the second electron auxiliary layer. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 20 / 101 10 / 32 213, for example. In this case, the functional layer 220 may be in direct contact with the first auxiliary electron layer 211. That is, the functional layer 220 may be in direct contact with an upper surface of the first auxiliary electron layer 211.

[0050] In one embodiment, the 220 functional layer may include a compound with a carboxyl group. The compound with the carboxyl group may include any of the following compounds: [Compound 1] o [Compound 2] / R1\ vW \ OH / n where in compound 1 and compound 2, R1 can each independently represent , , or .

[0051] In one embodiment, since the light-emitting element 10 also includes the functional layer 220 located between the first electron helper layer 211 and the second electron helper layer 213 and including the compound having a carboxyl group, the number of trap sites on the upper surface of the first electron helper layer 211 can be Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 21 / 101 11 / 32 reduced. That is, by forming the functional layer 220 on the upper surface of the first electron auxiliary layer 211, the number of trap sites on the upper surface of the first electron auxiliary layer 211 can be reduced. By reducing the number of trap sites on the upper surface of the first electron auxiliary layer 211, the efficiency of electron injection into the light-emitting layer 230 can be increased. Consequently, the characteristics of the light-emitting element 10 can be improved.

[0052] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a display device. FIG. 2 may be a cross-sectional view of a display device including the light-emitting element 10 of FIG. 1, for example.

[0053] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a display device 1 may include a substrate SUB, a circuit element layer 20, a light-emitting element layer 30 and an encapsulation layer 40.

[0054] The circuit element layer 20 may be arranged on the substrate SUB and may include a buffer layer BFR, at least one transistor TR, a first insulating layer IL1, a second insulating layer IL2, and a third insulating layer IL3. The transistor TR may include an active layer ACT, a gate electrode GE, a source electrode SE, and a drain electrode DE. The light-emitting element layer 30 may be arranged on the circuit element layer 20 and may include a fourth insulating layer IL4 and the light-emitting element 10.

[0055] The substrate SUB may include a transparent or opaque material. In one embodiment, the substrate SUB may be a flexible substrate including or consisting of Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 22 / 101 12 / 32 polyimide or similar, for example. The flexible substrate may have a structure in which layers of polyimide and barrier layers are alternately stacked. In another embodiment, the substrate SUB may be a rigid substrate including or consisting of quartz, glass, or similar.

[0056] The BFR buffer layer can be placed in the substrate SUB. The BFR buffer layer can prevent the diffusion of metal atoms or impurities from the substrate SUB to the active ACT layer.

[0057] The active ACT layer can be placed in the BFR buffer layer. The active ACT layer can be divided into a source region and a drainage region doped with impurities and a channel region between the source region and the drainage region.

[0058] The first insulating layer IL1 can be disposed within the buffer layer BFR. The first insulating layer IL1 can cover the active layer ACT and can be formed to have substantially a constant thickness along a profile of the active layer ACT. However, it is not limited to this. In one embodiment, the first insulating layer IL1 can include an inorganic material.

[0059] The GE gate electrode can be arranged in the first insulating layer IL1. In one embodiment, the GE gate electrode can overlap the channel region of the active layer ACT.

[0060] The second insulating layer IL2 can be arranged on the first insulating layer IL1. Furthermore, the second insulating layer IL2 can cover the GE gate electrode and can be arranged with a substantially constant thickness along a GE gate electrode profile. However, it is not limited to this. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 23 / 101 13 / 32

[0061] The source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE can be arranged in the second insulating layer IL2. The source electrode SE can contact the source region of the active layer through a first contact hole defined in the first and second insulating layers IL1 and IL2. The drain electrode DE can contact the drain region of the active layer through a second contact hole defined in the first and second insulating layers IL1 and IL2.

[0062] The third insulating layer IL3 can be arranged on the second insulating layer IL2. Furthermore, the third insulating layer IL3 can cover the source and drain electrodes SE and DE and has a substantially flat top surface without creating a step around the source and drain electrodes SE and DE. In one embodiment, the third insulating layer IL3 can include an organic material, for example.

[0063] The light-emitting element 10 can be arranged in the third insulating layer IL3. The light-emitting element 10 can include the first electrode 100, the intermediate layer 200, and the second electrode 300.

[0064] The first electrode 100 can be placed on the third insulating layer IL3. The first electrode 100 can contact the source electrode SE or the drain electrode DE through a third contact hole defined in the third insulating layer IL3. Through this, the first electrode 100 can be connected to the transistor TR.

[0065] The fourth insulating layer IL4 can be arranged in the third insulating layer IL3, and an opening exposing an upper surface of the first electrode 100 can be defined in the fourth insulating layer IL4. In one embodiment, the fourth insulating layer IL4 can include an organic material or a Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 24 / 101 14 / 32 inorganic material, for example.

[0066] A spacer may also be disposed in the fourth insulating layer IL4. In one embodiment, the spacer may include an organic material or an inorganic material, for example. The spacer may maintain a gap between the encapsulation layer 40 and the substrate SUB.

[0067] The intermediate layer 200 can be placed on the first electrode 100. The intermediate layer 200 can be placed in the opening defined in the fourth insulating layer IL4.

[0068] The second electrode 300 can cover the intermediate layer 200 and can be placed on the fourth insulating layer IL4 and the spacer.

[0069] The encapsulation layer 40 can cover the light-emitting element layer 30 and can be arranged on the light-emitting element layer 30. The encapsulation layer 40 can prevent the penetration of moisture and oxygen into the light-emitting element 10 from the outside. In one embodiment, the encapsulation layer 40 can include a first inorganic encapsulation layer IEL1, an organic encapsulation layer OEL, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer IEL2, for example.

[0070] The first inorganic encapsulation layer IEL1 can be arranged on the second electrode 300 with a substantially constant thickness along a profile of the second electrode 300. The organic encapsulation layer OEL can be arranged on the first inorganic encapsulation layer IEL1 and can have a substantially flat top surface without creating a step around the first inorganic encapsulation layer IEL1. The second inorganic encapsulation layer IEL2 can be arranged on the organic encapsulation layer Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 25 / 101 15 / 32 OEL.

[0071] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a light-emitting element.

[0072] In one embodiment, a light-emitting element 11 of FIG. 3 may be substantially the same as the light-emitting element 10 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, except for a stacking order of the functional layer 220 and the second auxiliary electron layer 213, for example. Consequently, redundant descriptions may be omitted or simplified.

[0073] With reference to FIG. 3, the light-emitting element 11 may include a first electrode 100, an intermediate layer 200 and a second electrode 300. The intermediate layer 200 may include a light-emitting layer 230, an electron helper layer, a hole helper layer and a functional layer 220.

[0074] In one embodiment, the functional layer 220 can be arranged between the light-emitting layer 230 and the first electron auxiliary layer 211. In another embodiment, the functional layer 220 can be arranged between the second electron auxiliary layer 213 and the light-emitting layer 230, for example. In this case, the functional layer 220 can be in direct contact with the second electron auxiliary layer 213. That is, the functional layer 220 can be in direct contact with an upper surface of the second electron auxiliary layer 213.

[0075] In one embodiment, the 220 functional layer may include a compound with a carboxyl group. The compound with the carboxyl group may include any of the following compounds: Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 26 / 101 16 / 32 [Compound 1] [Compound 2] where in compound 1 and compound 2, R1 can each independently represent

[0076] In one embodiment, since the light-emitting element 10 also includes the functional layer 220 arranged between the second electron helper layer 213 and the light-emitting layer 230 and including the compound having a carboxyl group, the number of trap sites on the upper surface of the second electron helper layer 213 can be reduced. That is, by forming the functional layer 220 on the upper surface of the second electron helper layer 213, the number of trap sites on the upper surface of the second electron helper layer 213 can be reduced. By reducing the number of trap sites on the upper surface of the second electron helper layer 213, the efficiency of electron injection into the light-emitting layer 230 can be increased. Consequently, the characteristics of the light-emitting element 11 can be improved. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 27 / 101 17 / 32

[0077] FIGS. 4 to 7 are shown illustrating an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a light-emitting element.

[0078] In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing the light-emitting element described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7 may be a method of manufacturing the light-emitting element 10 described with reference to FIG. 1, for example. Consequently, redundant descriptions may be omitted or simplified.

[0079] With reference to FIG. 4, the first electrode 100 can be formed. The first electrode 100 can be a cathode. In one embodiment, the first electrode 100 can include or consist of a metal and / or a reflective conductive material, for example.

[0080] The first auxiliary electron layer 211 can be formed on the first electrode 100. The first auxiliary electron layer 211 can include or consist of inorganic metal nanoparticles. In embodiments, the inorganic metal nanoparticles that can be used as the first auxiliary layer 211 can include TiO2, ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnAlO, SnO2 or the like. These can be used alone or in any combination with each other. In one embodiment, the first auxiliary electron layer 211 can include or consist of ZnO, for example. However, the present invention is not limited to the same.

[0081] With further reference to FIG. 5, the functional layer 220 including the compound with a carboxyl group can be formed in the first auxiliary electron layer 211. The functional layer 220 can be formed by an inkjet process.

[0082] Specifically, a preliminary functional layer can be formed in the first auxiliary electron layer 211. A Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 28 / 101 The 18 / 32 preliminary functional layer may include or consist of a compound with an ester group. The compound with the ester group may include any of the following compounds: [Compound 3] [Compound 4] where in compound 3 and compound 4, RI can each independently represent h3c4c2;V θ, and R2 can each independently represent h3c4c2;V θ. 4c2Vh3 represent

[0083] Subsequently, the preliminary functional layer can be heat-treated. As the preliminary functional layer is heat-treated, an ester group can be hydrolyzed. The ester group can be hydrolyzed to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The alcohol can be removed by heat, and only the carboxylic acid can remain to form the 220 functional layer, including the compound with a carboxyl group. The compound with the carboxyl group can include any of the following compounds: Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 29 / 101 19 / 32 [Compound 1] [Compound 2] / R1\ \ OH / n where in compound 1 and compound 2, R1 can each independently represent ,, m OR.

[0084] With further reference to FIG. 6, the second auxiliary electron layer 213 can be formed in the functional layer 220. The second auxiliary electron layer 213 can include or consist of inorganic metal nanoparticles. In embodiments, the inorganic metal nanoparticles that can be used as the second auxiliary electron layer 213 can include TiO2, ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnAlO, SnO2 or the like. These can be used alone or in any combination with each other. In one embodiment, the second auxiliary electron layer 213 can include or consist of ZnMgO, for example. However, the present invention is not limited to the same.

[0085] With further reference to FIG. 7, the light-emitting shell 230 can be formed in the second auxiliary electron shell 213. The light-emitting shell 230 can include or consist of organic and / or inorganic light-emitting materials. In a Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 30 / 101 In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer 230 may include quantum dots. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and in another embodiment, the light-emitting layer 230 may include or consist of an organic material.

[0086] The first auxiliary hole layer 240 can be formed in the light-emitting layer 230. The second auxiliary hole layer 250 can be formed in the first auxiliary hole layer 240. The second electrode 300 can be formed in the second auxiliary hole layer 250. The second electrode 300 can be an anode. In one embodiment, the second electrode 300 can include or consist of a metal and / or a light-transmitting conductive material, for example. Thus, the light-emitting element 10 can be formed.

[0087] In one embodiment, functional layer 220 can be formed by heat treatment of the preliminary functional layer including the compound having an ester group, thus avoiding corrosion of an inkjet device by forming functional layer 220. Specifically, when the compound with a carboxylic acid comes into contact with the inkjet device, the inkjet device can be corroded. Therefore, corrosion of the inkjet device can be avoided by forming the preliminary functional layer using the compound having an ester group that is relatively stable, and the efficiency of the light-emitting element can be improved by heat treatment of the preliminary functional layer to form functional layer 220.

[0088] FIGS. 8 to 10 are shown illustrating an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a light-emitting element.

[0089] In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing the light-emitting element described with reference to FIGS. 8 to Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 31 / 101 21 / 32 may be substantially the same as the method of manufacturing the light-emitting element described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7, except for an order of formation of the functional layer 220 and the second auxiliary electron layer 213, for example. Furthermore, the method of manufacturing the light-emitting element described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10 may be a method of manufacturing the light-emitting element 11 described with reference to FIG. 3. Consequently, redundant descriptions may be omitted or simplified.

[0090] With reference to FIG. 8, the first electrode 100 can be formed. The first auxiliary electron layer 211 can be formed on the first electrode 100. The second auxiliary electron layer 213 can be formed on the first auxiliary electron layer 211.

[0091] With further reference to FIG. 9, the functional layer 220 including the compound with a carboxyl group can be formed in the second auxiliary electron layer 213. The functional layer 220 can be formed by an inkjet process.

[0092] Specifically, a preliminary functional layer can be formed in the second auxiliary electron layer 213. The preliminary functional layer may include or consist of a compound with an ester group. The compound with the ester group may include any of the following compounds: [Compound 3] THE Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 32 / 101 22 / 32 [Compound 4] where in compound 3 and compound 4, RI can each independently represent , , or

[0093] Subsequently, the preliminary functional layer can be heat-treated. As the preliminary functional layer is heat-treated, an ester group can be hydrolyzed. The ester group can be hydrolyzed to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The alcohol can be removed by heat, and only the carboxylic acid can remain to form the 220 functional layer, including the compound with a carboxyl group. The compound with the carboxyl group can include any of the following compounds: [Compound 1] Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 33 / 101 23 / 32 [Compound 2] where in compound 1 and compound 2, Rl can, each H3c4c2)ír O one, independently represent , , or .

[0094] With further reference to FIG. 10, the light-emitting layer 230 can be formed in the functional layer 220. The first auxiliary hole layer 240 can be formed in the light-emitting layer 230. The second auxiliary hole layer 250 can be formed in the first auxiliary hole layer 240. The second electrode 300 can be formed in the second auxiliary hole layer 250. Thus, the light-emitting element 11 can be formed.

[0095] Hereafter, the effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to Table 1, FIGS. 11 and 12. Manufacturing of a light-emitting element: Comparative Example 1

[0096] An indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate of 15 ohm per square centimeter (Ω / cm2) (50 millimeters (mm) χ 50 mm χ 0.7 mm) was ultrasonically cleaned in isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 30 minutes to prepare a first electrode. 1 milliliter (mL) of an electron-auxiliary layer composition, 1 mL of a layer composition Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 34 / 101 24 / 32 light-emitting electrodes, 1 mL of a first hole-assisted layer composition and 1 mL of a second hole-assisted layer composition were coated onto the first electrode by a solution process using spin coating.

[0097] Specifically, a ZnO composition was spin-coated onto the first clean electrode to form a film with a thickness of 30 nanometers (nm) and then baked at 200 degrees Celsius (°C) for 10 minutes to form a first electron helper layer. A ZnMgO composition was spin-coated onto the first electron helper layer to form a film with a thickness of 20 nm and then baked at 200°C for 10 minutes to form a second electron helper layer. A light-emitting layer was spin-coated onto the second electron helper layer to form a film with a thickness of 20 nm and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form the light-emitting layer. A first hole helper layer composition was spin-coated onto the formed layer up to the light-emitting layer to form a film with a thickness of 20 nm and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form a first hole helper layer.A second hole-anchor layer composition was spin-coated onto the first hole-anchor layer to form a 10 nm thick film and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form a second hole-anchor layer. Subsequently, AgMg was vacuum-deposited onto the second hole-anchor layer to form a second 10 nm thick electrode to fabricate a light-emitting element. A Suicel Plus 200 deposition machine from the Sunic System was used as the deposition machine. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 35 / 101 25 / 32 drive voltage, luminous efficacy and color coordinates of the light-emitting element manufactured in comparative example 1 were measured using a Keithley SMU 236 and a PR650 luminance meter. Experimental Example 1

[0098] A 15 Ω / cm2 ITO glass substrate (50 mm x 50 mm x 0.7 mm) was ultrasonically cleaned in isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 30 minutes to prepare a first electrode. 1 mL of an electron-assisted layer composition, 1 mL of a functional layer composition, 1 mL of a light-emitting layer composition, 1 mL of a first hole-assisted layer composition, and 1 mL of a second hole-assisted layer composition were coated onto the first electrode by a solution process using spin coating.

[0099] Specifically, a ZnO composition was spin-coated onto the first electrode, which is cleaned, to form a 30 nm thick film and then baked at 200°C for 10 minutes to form a first electron-auxiliary layer. A functional layer composition was spin-coated onto the first electron-auxiliary layer to form a 10 nm thick film and then baked at 150°C for 10 minutes to form a functional layer. A ZnMgO composition was spin-coated onto the functional layer to form a 20 nm thick film and then baked at 200°C for 10 minutes to form a second electron-auxiliary layer. A light-emitting layer was spin-coated onto the second electron-auxiliary layer to form a 20 nm thick film and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form the layer Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 36 / 101 26 / 32 light-emitting. The first hole-anchor layer composition was spin-coated onto the formed layer up to the light-emitting layer to form a film with a thickness of 20 nm and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form a first hole-anchor layer. The second hole-anchor layer composition was spin-coated onto the first hole-anchor layer to form a film with a thickness of 10 nm and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form a second hole-anchor layer. Subsequently, AgMg was vacuum-deposited onto the second hole-anchor layer to form a second electrode with a thickness of 10 nm to fabricate a light-emitting element. A Suicel Plus 200 deposition machine from the Sunic System was used as the deposition machine.The drive voltage, luminous efficacy, and color coordinates of the light-emitting element manufactured in Experimental Example 1 were measured using a Keithley SMU 236 and a PR650 luminance meter.

[00100] The functional layer composition included any of the following compounds and the electron auxiliary layer composition included at least one of TiCy, ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnAlO, and SnO2, [Compound 3] THE Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 37 / 101 27 / 32 [Compound 4] where in compound 3 and compound 4, RI can, each Experimental Example 2

[00101] A light-emitting element was manufactured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the order of formation of the functional layer and the second auxiliary electron layer was altered.

[00102] That is, the light-emitting element of Experimental Example 2 was manufactured by forming the first electrode, the first auxiliary electron layer on the first electrode, the second auxiliary electron layer on the first auxiliary electron layer, the functional layer on the second auxiliary electron layer, the light-emitting layer on the functional layer, the first auxiliary hole layer on the light-emitting layer, the second auxiliary hole layer on the first auxiliary hole layer, and the second electrode on the second auxiliary hole layer. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 38 / 101 28 / 32 Comparative Example 2

[00103] A 15 Ω / cm2 ITO glass substrate (50 mm x 50 mm x 0.7 mm) was ultrasonically cleaned in isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 30 minutes to prepare a first electrode. 1 mL of an electron assist layer composition, 1 mL of an inorganic ETL composition, 1 mL of a light-emitting layer composition, 1 mL of a hole transport layer composition, and 1 mL of a hole injection layer composition were coated onto the first electrode by a solution process using spin coating.

[00104] Specifically, a composition mixing ZnO and functional layer material was spin-coated onto the first electrode, which is cleaned, to form a film with a thickness of 30 nm and then baked at 200°C for 10 minutes to form a first electron-auxiliary layer. A composition mixing ZnMgO and functional layer was spin-coated onto the first electron-auxiliary layer to form a film with a thickness of 20 nm and then baked at 200°C for 10 minutes to form a second electron-auxiliary layer. A light-emitting layer was spin-coated onto the second electron-auxiliary layer to form a film with a thickness of 20 nm and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form the light-emitting layer.A first hole-auxiliary layer composition was spin-coated onto the formed layer up to the light-emitting layer to form a film with a thickness of 20 nm and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form a first hole-auxiliary layer. A second hole-auxiliary layer composition was spin-coated onto the first layer. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 39 / 101 29 / 32 hole auxiliary to form a film with a thickness of 10 nm and then baked at 100°C for 10 minutes to form a second hole auxiliary layer. Subsequently, AgMg was vacuum deposited onto the second hole auxiliary layer to form a second electrode with a thickness of 10 nm to fabricate a light-emitting element. A Suicel Plus 200 deposition machine from the Sunic System was used as the deposition machine. The drive voltage, luminous efficiency, and color coordinates of the light-emitting element fabricated in comparative example 1 were measured using a Keithley SMU 236 and a PR650 luminance meter. Comparative Example 3

[00105] A light-emitting element was manufactured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the order of formation of the first auxiliary electron shell and the functional shell was altered.

[00106] That is, the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 3 was manufactured by forming the first electrode, the functional layer on the first electrode, the first electron auxiliary layer on the functional layer, the second electron auxiliary layer on the first electron auxiliary layer, the light-emitting layer on the second electron auxiliary layer, the first hole auxiliary layer on the light-emitting layer, the second hole auxiliary layer on the first hole auxiliary layer, and the second electrode on the second hole auxiliary layer.

[00107] By measuring the voltage (Op. V), current efficiency (LE), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) capable of producing the desired luminance (1,850 nits) of the light-emitting elements manufactured in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and in Examples Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 40 / 101 30 / 32 Experiments 1 and 2, the results are shown in Table 1. At this point, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Experimental Examples 1 and 2 compare the results for a green light-emitting layer. [Table 1] Op. V (V) LE (cd / A) CIEx CIEy EQE (%) Comparative Example 1 4.8 65.7 0.244 0.725 17.5 Experimental Example 1 4.7 74.0 0.258 0.715 19.5 Experimental Example 2 5.0 72.5 0.257 0.715 19.1 Comparative Example 2 6.4 41.0 0.249 0.725 10.5 Comparative Example 3 4.8 62.3 0.283 0.699 17.1

[00108] FIG. 11 is a graph showing current density versus voltage. FIG. 12 is a graph showing luminance over time.

[00109] With reference to Table 1 and FIGS. 11 and 12, it can be seen that Experimental Examples 1 and 2 show excellent results in efficiency and service life compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[00110] Specifically, referring to Table 1, it can be confirmed that Experimental Examples 1 and 2 have a lower voltage (Op. V) capable of producing the desired luminance (approximately 1,850 nit) than Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Furthermore, it can be seen that Experimental Examples 1 and 2 have higher current efficiency (LE) and higher efficiency. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 41 / 101 31 / 32 external quantum (EQE) than Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[00111] With reference to FIG. 11, it can be confirmed that Experimental Examples 1 and 2 are elements with lower resistance than Comparative Example 2 and that they have a similar level of resistance to Comparative Examples 1 and 3.

[00112] With reference to FIG. 12, it can be seen that the luminance value of Experimental Examples 1 and 2 decreases relatively less over time compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Therefore, it can be confirmed that Experimental Examples 1 and 2 have excellent service life compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[00113] Although the present invention has been described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alterations may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, as set forth in the claims below. Industrial Applicability

[00114] The light-emitting element according to embodiments of the present invention can be applied to display devices included in computers, laptops, cell phones, smartphones, smart tablets, automobiles, PMPs, PDAs, MP3 players or the like.

[00115] Although the present invention has been described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alterations may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, as set forth in the claims below. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 42 / 101 32 / 32

[00116] Explanation of the Reference Number 10, 11: light-emitting element 100: first electrode 200: intermediate layer 300: second electrode 211: first auxiliary electron shell 213: second auxiliary electron shell 220: functional layer 230: light-emitting layer 240: first auxiliary layer of hole 250: second auxiliary layer of hole 20: circuit element layer 30: light-emitting element layer 40: Encapsulation layer 1: Display device Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 43 / 101

Claims

1 / 5 - CLAIMS - 1. LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENT, characterized in that it comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first auxiliary electron layer disposed between the first electrode and the light-emitting layer; and a functional layer disposed between the light-emitting layer and the first auxiliary electron layer and including a compound having a carboxyl group.

2. Light-emitting element according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound with the carboxyl group includes any of the following compounds: Compound 1 OR^OH Compound 2 wherein in compound 1 and compound 2, Rl, each, hOcO o 00 independently represents , , or 3. Light-emitting element, according to claim 1, characterized in that the first auxiliary electron layer includes inorganic metal nanoparticles.

4. Light-emitting element, according to claim 3, characterized in that the first auxiliary electron shell includes at least one selected from TiO2, ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnAlO and SnO2.

5. Light-emitting element according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: a second auxiliary electron layer disposed within the first auxiliary electron layer.

6. Light-emitting element, according to claim 5, characterized in that the first auxiliary electron layer is an electron injection layer, and the second auxiliary electron layer is an electron transport layer.

7. Light-emitting element, according to claim 5, characterized in that the first auxiliary electron shell includes ZnO and the second auxiliary electron shell includes ZnMgO.

8. Light-emitting element, according to claim 5, characterized in that the functional layer is arranged between the first auxiliary electron layer and the second auxiliary electron layer.

9. Light-emitting element, according to claim 8, characterized in that the functional layer is in direct contact with the first auxiliary electron layer. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 51 / 101 3 / 5 10. Light-emitting element, according to claim 5, characterized in that the functional layer is arranged between the second auxiliary electron layer and the light-emitting layer.

11. Light-emitting element, according to claim 10, characterized in that the functional layer is in direct contact with the second auxiliary electron layer.

12. Light-emitting element, according to claim 1, characterized in that the light-emitting layer includes a quantum dot.

13. Light-emitting element, according to claim 1, characterized in that the light-emitting layer includes an organic material.

14. Light-emitting element, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: an auxiliary hole layer disposed between the second electrode and the light-emitting layer.

15. METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENT, the method characterized in that it comprises: forming a first electrode; forming a first electron-helper layer on the first electrode; forming a functional layer including a compound having a carboxyl group in the first electron-helper layer; forming a light-emitting layer on the functional layer; and forming a second electrode on the light-emitting layer. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 52 / 101 4 / 5 16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the formation of the functional layer includes: forming a preliminary functional layer including a compound having an ester group in the first electron helper layer; and heat treatment of the preliminary functional layer.

17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the compound with the ester group includes any of the following compounds: Compound 3 or Compound 4, wherein in compound 3 and compound 4, R1 each independently represents -4=2)?CH3 R2 each independently represents Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, page 53 / 101 5 / 5 18. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that it further comprises: forming a second auxiliary electron layer in the first auxiliary electron layer, and wherein the formation of the second auxiliary electron layer is carried out before the formation of the light-emitting layer.

19. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that the functional layer is formed in the first electron auxiliary layer, and the second electron auxiliary layer is formed in the functional layer.

20. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that the functional layer is formed in the second auxiliary electron layer. Petition 870250089769, dated 02 / 10 / 2025, p. 54 / 101

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