DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD AND SATELLITE

Description

1 / 49 DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD AND SATELLITE FIELD OF TECHNIQUE

[001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication and, more specifically, to a method of data transmission and a satellite. BACKGROUND

[002] Non-terrestrial network (NTN) technology typically provides communication services to terrestrial users via satellite communication. In an NTN, in a store-and-forward mode of operation, a service link to serve a user via a satellite and a feed link between the satellite and a terrestrial gateway are generally not available simultaneously, which easily leads to high service latency. SUMMARY

[003] A data transmission method and a satellite are provided in disclosure modalities, which can effectively reduce service latency.

[004] A method of data transmission is provided in the disclosure embodiments. The method includes the following. A first satellite receives data for a first terminal from a second satellite. The first satellite sends the data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

[005] A method of data transmission is provided in the disclosure embodiments. The method includes the following. A second satellite sends data from a first terminal to a first satellite. The first satellite is configured to send data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 13 / 91 2 / 49

[006] A first satellite is provided in disclosure modalities. The first satellite includes a first receiving unit and a first transmitting unit. The first receiving unit is configured to receive data for a first terminal from a second satellite. The first transmitting unit is configured to send data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

[007] A second satellite is provided in disclosure modalities. The second satellite includes a second transmission unit. The second transmission unit is configured to send data from a first terminal to a first satellite. The first satellite is configured to send data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

[008] A satellite is provided in disclosure modalities. The satellite includes a processor and memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program. The processor is configured to invoke and execute the computer program stored in memory, to cause the satellite to perform the above data transmission method.

[009] A chip is provided in the disclosure embodiments. The chip is configured to implement the above data transmission method.

[0010] Specifically, the chip includes a processor. The processor is configured to invoke and execute a computer program stored in memory, so that a device equipped with the chip performs the above data transmission method.

[0011] A storage medium readable by Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 14 / 91 3 / 49 computer is provided in the modalities of the disclosure. The computer-readable storage medium is configured to store a computer program which, when executed by a device, causes the device to perform the above data transmission method.

[0012] A computer program product is provided in disclosure embodiments. The computer program product includes computer program instructions that cause a computer to execute the above data transmission method.

[0013] A computer program is provided in forms of disclosure. The computer program, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform the above data transmission method.

[0014] In the dissemination methods, the data from the first terminal is routed between satellites, so that the data can be sent in a timely manner to the first paged terminal, thus reducing the latency of the service. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to the dissemination methods.

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a transparent satellite routing operation mode according to the disclosure modalities.

[0017] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a regenerative satellite routing operation mode according to the dissemination modalities.

[0018] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional satellite operating mode. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 15 / 91 4 / 49

[0019] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a store-and-forward satellite operating mode.

[0020] Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to a dissemination modality.

[0021] Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another dissemination modality.

[0022] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another dissemination modality.

[0023] Figure 9 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to a dissemination modality.

[0024] Figure 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another dissemination modality.

[0025] Figure 11 is a schematic flowchart of a first example of a data transmission method according to the dissemination modalities.

[0026] Figure 12 is a schematic flowchart of a second example of a data transmission method according to the dissemination modalities.

[0027] Figure 13 is a schematic block diagram of a first satellite according to a dissemination modality.

[0028] Figure 14 is a schematic block diagram of a second satellite according to one dissemination modality.

[0029] Figure 15 is a structural diagram. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 16 / 91 5 / 49 schematic of a communication device according to the methods of dissemination.

[0030] Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to the disclosure modalities.

[0031] Figure 17 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system according to the dissemination modalities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Next, technical solutions for the dissemination methods will be described with reference to the drawings that accompany the dissemination methods.

[0033] The technical solutions of the disclosure modalities can be applied to various communication systems, for example, a global mobile communication system (GSM), a code division multiple access system (CDMA), a wideband code division multiple access system (WCDMA), a general packet radio service (GPRS), a long-term evolution system (LTE), an advanced LTE (LTE-A) system, a New Radio (NR) system, an evolved NR system, an LTE-based unlicensed spectrum access system (LTE-U), an NR-based unlicensed spectrum access system (NR-U), a non-terrestrial network system (NTN), a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless fidelity system (Wi-Fi), a 5th generation system (5G) or other communication systems.

[0034] In general, a conventional communication system supports a limited number of connections and is therefore easy to implement. However, with the Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 17 / 91 6 / 49 Development of communication technology, a mobile communication system will not only support conventional communication, but will also support, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-to-machine (MTC) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-all (V2X) communication, or similar. Development modalities can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0035] In one embodiment, a communication system in dissemination modes can be applied to a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, a dual connectivity (DC) scenario, or a standalone network deployment (SA) scenario.

[0036] In one embodiment, the communication system in the disclosure modalities can be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, and the unlicensed spectrum can be considered as a shared spectrum. Alternatively, the communication system in disclosure modalities can be applied to a licensed spectrum, and the licensed spectrum can be considered a non-shared spectrum.

[0037] Various embodiments of disclosure are described in connection with a network device and a terminal device. The terminal device may also be referred to as a user equipment (UE), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent or a user device and the like. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, p. 18 / 91 7 / 49

[0038] The terminal device may be a station (ST) in a WLAN, a cellular radio phone, a cordless phone, a SIP phone, a wireless local loop station (WLL), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable device with wireless communication functions, a computer device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an on-board vehicle device, a wearable device, and a terminal device in a next-generation communication system, for example, a terminal device in an NR network or a terminal device in a future evolved public terrestrial mobile network (PLMN) and the like.

[0039] In the disclosure modalities, the terminal device can be deployed on land, which includes indoor or outdoor environments, portable, wearable, or in a vehicle. The terminal device can also be deployed in water (such as ships and the like). The terminal device can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons, satellites, and the like).

[0040] In the disclosure modality, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a tablet, a computer with wireless transceiver functions, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in autonomous driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medicine, a wireless terminal device in smart networking, a wireless terminal device in transport security, a wireless terminal device in smart cities, a wireless terminal device in smart homes, or similar. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 19 / 91 8 / 49

[0041] For the sake of explanation and not limitation, in the disclosure modalities, the terminal device may also be a wearable device. A device worn close to the body may also be called a smart device worn close to the body, which is a generic term for wearable devices obtained through the design and development of everyday products with technology worn close to the body, for example, eyeglasses, gloves, watches, clothing, accessories, and shoes. A device worn close to the body is a portable device that can be worn directly or integrated into a user's clothing or accessories. In addition to being a hardware device, a wearable device may also perform various functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction.A wearable smart device in a broad sense includes, for example, a smartwatch or smart glasses with full functions and large sizes, capable of independently performing all or part of the functions of a smartphone, and, for example, various types of smart bracelets and smart jewelry for physical monitoring, each of which is dedicated to a certain type of application function and requires being used together with other devices, such as a smartphone.

[0042] In the disclosure embodiment, the network device may be a device configured to communicate with a mobile device, and the network device may be an access point (AP) in a WLAN, a base transceiver station (BTS) in GSM or CDMA, or it may be a B node (NB) in WCDMA, or it may be an evolutionary B node (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, or a relay station or an AP, or a device in Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, p. 20 / 91 9 / 49 vehicle, a wearable device, a network device (gNB) in an NR network, a network device in a future evolved PLMN or a network device in an NTN, etc.

[0043] By way of explanation and not limitation, in dissemination modalities, the network device may be mobile. For example, the network device may be a mobile device. Optionally, the network device may be a satellite or a balloon base station. For example, the satellite may be a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite, a high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite, etc. Optionally, the network device may also be a base station deployed on land or water.

[0044] In the disclosure modalities, the network device serves a cell, and the terminal device communicates with the network device on a transmission resource (e.g., a frequency domain resource or a spectrum resource) for the cell. The cell may be a cell corresponding to the network device (e.g., a base station). The cell may belong to a macro base station, or it may belong to a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cell may include: a metro cell, a micro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and the like. These small cells are characterized by small coverage and low transmission power and are adapted to provide high-rate data transmission service.

[0045] Figure 1 illustrates, by way of example, a communication system 100. The communication system 100 includes a network device 110 and two Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 21 / 91 10 / 49 terminal devices 120. In one embodiment, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices 110, and there may be other quantities of terminal devices 120 within the coverage area of ​​each of the network devices 110. The embodiments of the disclosure are not limited in this respect.

[0046] In one embodiment, the communication system 100 may additionally include other network entities, such as a mobility management entity (MME) and an access and mobility management function (AMF), and the disclosure embodiments are not limited in this respect.

[0047] The network device may additionally include an access network device and a core network device, i.e., the wireless communication system may include multiple core networks capable of communicating with the access network device. The access network device may be an evolutionary B node (eNB or e-NodeB for short), a macro base station, a micro base station (also known as a small base station), a pico base station, an AP, a transmission point (TP), or a next-generation B node (gNodeB) in an LTE system, an NR system, or a long-term evolution authorized auxiliary access (LAA-LTE) system.

[0048] It can be understood that, in the disclosure modalities, a device with communication functions in a network / system can be referred to as a communication device. Taking the communication system illustrated in Figure 1 as an example, the communication device may include the network device and the terminal device(s) that have communication functions. The Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, p. 22 / 91 11 / 49 network device and terminal device(s) may be the devices in the disclosure arrangements, which will not be repeated in this document. The communication device may additionally include other devices, such as a network controller, a mobility management entity, or other network entities in the communication system, and the disclosure arrangements are not limited in this respect.

[0049] It may be understood that the terms system and network in this document are generally used interchangeably throughout this disclosure. The term and / or in this document describes only an association relationship between associated objects, meaning that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean A alone, both A and B exist, and B alone. Additionally, the character / in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an OR relationship.

[0050] It can be understood that the indication referred to in the disclosure methods may be a direct indication, may be an indirect indication, or may mean that there is an association relationship. For example, A indicates B may mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained according to A; it may mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C and B can be obtained according to C; or it may mean that there is an association relationship between A and B.

[0051] In the elaboration of disclosure methods, the term correspondence can mean that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, it can mean that there is an association relationship between the two, or Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, p. 23 / 91 12 / 49 can mean a relationship of indicating and being indicated, or configuring and being configured, etc.

[0052] For a better understanding of the technical solutions of the disclosure modalities, the related technique of the disclosure modalities will be described below. The related technique below, as an optional scheme, may be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the disclosure modalities, which must fall within the scope of protection of the disclosure modalities.

[0053] With people seeking rate, latency, high-speed mobility and energy efficiency, and with the diversity and complexity of services in future life, the International Standards Organization's 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) began developing 5G. The main application scenarios in 5G are enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and massive machine-type communication (mMTC).

[0054] NR can also be deployed separately. To reduce air interface signaling, quickly resume radio connections, and quickly resume data services, a new Radio Resource Control (RRC) state, i.e., an inactive RRC state (RRC_INACTIVE), is defined in a 5G network environment. This state is different from an idle RRC state (RRC_IDLE) and an active RRC state (RRC_ACTIVE).

[0055] RRC_IDLE: Mobility is based on UE cell selection / reselecting. Paging is initiated by a core network (CN). A paging area is configured by the CN. There is no UE access stratum (AS) context on the base station side. No RRC connection exists. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 24 / 91 13 / 49

[0056] RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED): An RRC connection exists. Both a base station and a UE have UE AS context. One side of the network knows that a UE location is based on a specific cell level. Mobility is controlled by the network side. Unicast data can be transmitted between the UE and the base station.

[0057] RRC_INACTIVE: Mobility is based on UE cell selection / reselecting. A CN-NR connection exists. The UE AS context exists at a given base station. Paging is driven by a RAN (radio access network), and a RAN-based paging area is managed by the RAN. One side of the network knows that a UE location is based on a RAN-based paging area level. NTN-RELATED TECHNOLOGY

[0058] NTN technology can provide communication services to terrestrial users via satellite communication. Compared to terrestrial cellular network communication, satellite communication has many unique advantages. First, satellite communication is not limited by user areas. For example, terrestrial communication lacks the capacity to cover areas without communication coverage, such as sparsely populated areas, as well as areas where communication devices cannot be set up, such as oceans, mountains, and deserts. In contrast, for satellite communication, a satellite can cover a large area and the satellite can orbit the Earth. Therefore, in theory, all corners of the Earth can be covered for satellite communication. Second, satellite communication has greater social value. Remote mountainous areas and poor and underdeveloped countries or regions can be covered for Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 25 / 91 14 / 49 Low-cost satellite communications, so that people in these areas can enjoy advanced voice communication and mobile internet technologies, thus reducing the digital divide with developed areas and promoting the development of these areas. Third, a satellite has a long communication range, and an increase in communication range will not lead to a substantial increase in communication costs. Finally, satellite communication has high stability and is not limited by natural disasters.

[0059] Communication satellites are classified into LEO satellites, MEO satellites, GEO satellites, HEO satellites and similar satellites according to different orbital altitudes. 1. LEO

[0060] For example, for a LEO satellite, an orbital altitude is in the range of 500 kilometers (km) to 1500 km, a corresponding orbital period is approximately 1.5 hours to 2 hours, and a single-hop communication signal propagation delay between users is generally less than 20 milliseconds (ms). A satellite has a maximum visibility time of 20 minutes, a short signal propagation distance, and lower link loss, and does not have high transmission power requirements for a user terminal. 2. GEO

[0061] For example, for a GEO satellite, an orbital altitude is 35786 km, a rotation period around the Earth is 24 hours, and a single-hop communication signal propagation delay between users is typically 250 ms.

[0062] To ensure satellite coverage and Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 26 / 91 15 / 49 To increase the system capacity of the entire satellite communication system, the satellite uses multibeams to cover the ground. A satellite can provide dozens or even hundreds of beams for ground coverage, and a beam can cover an area of ​​the ground with a diameter of tens to hundreds of kilometers.

[0063] As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, there are two NTN network architectures for an NTN, namely transparent forwarding (payload) and regenerative forwarding (payload).

[0064] The NTN may include the following network elements:

[0065] (1) one or more gateways for connecting a satellite to a public terrestrial network;

[0066] (2) a feed link for communication between the gateway and the satellite;

[0067] (3) a service link for communication between a terminal and the satellite;

[0068] 4) A satellite that can be classified as a transparent routing satellite and a regenerative routing satellite in terms of the functions provided by the satellite.

[0069] Transparent forwarding, which provides only radio frequency filtering and frequency conversion and amplification functions, and provides only transparent forwarding of a signal, without altering a forwarded waveform signal.

[0070] Regenerative forwarding, which can also provide demodulation / decoding, routing / switching and encoding / modulation functions, in addition to functions Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 27 / 91 16 / 49 radio frequency filtering and frequency conversion and amplification, and has some or all of the functions of a base station.

[0071] An inter-satellite link (ISL), which exists in the regenerative forwarding network architecture. STORAGE AND FORWARDING MODE

[0072] 3GPP is currently considering satellites in a store-and-forward mode. In this mode, a service link to serve a user via a satellite and a feed link between the satellite and a ground gateway on an NTN are not simultaneously available. Therefore, the satellite needs to properly store the transmitted data when a given link is connected and forward the data when another link is connected, thus reducing the deployment cost of the ground gateway and improving deployment flexibility. That is, the ground gateway does not need to be deployed in an area close to the user. This mode is applicable to services that are less latency-sensitive / restricted.

[0073] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional satellite operating mode. In conventional satellite operating mode, the exchange of signaling / data between a UE and a terrestrial network via a satellite requires that a service link and a feeder link be available simultaneously and, therefore, the end-to-end connection between the UE and the terrestrial network via satellite is continuous.

[0074] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a store-and-forward satellite operating mode. In store-and-forward operating mode, a service link and a feeder link are not available. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 28 / 91 17 / 49 simultaneously, and the exchange of signals / data between a UE and a terrestrial network via a satellite includes the following operations.

[0075] Stage A, signaling / data exchange is carried out between the UE and the satellite via the service link and, in this case, no feed link connection is established between the satellite and the terrestrial network.

[0076] As the satellite gradually moves away from the UE, the service link between the satellite and the UE is disconnected.

[0077] Stage B, when the satellite flies above the terrestrial network, the satellite establishes a connection with the terrestrial network, so that the satellite can communicate with the terrestrial network through the feed link.

[0078] For a satellite access system operating in store-and-forward mode, a satellite needs to properly store the transmitted data when a given link is connected and then forward the stored data when another link is connected. Compared to conventional satellite operation mode, store-and-forward mode can result in high service latency. The satellite may also have a time limit for the data stored on it. On the one hand, the satellite's capacity is taken into account, and on the other hand, the data itself also has a specific validity period. For a scenario where data terminated on mobile devices (MT) arrives, after a main network sends MT data from a For a UE (Unified Electronic Unit) to be paged by a satellite, the satellite needs to wait until the satellite flies above the UE to page the UE and send the stored MT (Mobile Telemetry) data to the UE. If the satellite does not page... Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 29 / 91 18 / 49 successfully paged the UE within the limited service time, the satellite may have the chance to attempt to page the UE again only in the case of the next orbital revolution and, in that case, the satellite may have to discard the MT data due to the expiration of the MT data stored on it.

[0079] According to the disclosure methods, paging latency in store-and-forward satellite operation mode can be reduced, paging success rate can be improved, and user experience can be enhanced.

[0080] Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to a disclosure modality. Optionally, method 600 can be applied to the system illustrated in Figure 1, but is not limited to it. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[0081] In S601, a first satellite receives data for a first terminal of a second satellite.

[0082] In S602, the first satellite sends the data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

[0083] In the dissemination mode, the first satellite and the second satellite can forward messages and / or data to each other via an inter-satellite link. The first satellite and / or the second satellite may be in store-and-forward operating mode. After obtaining the data (referred to as data for the first terminal, such as MT data) that must be sent to the first terminal, the second satellite can forward the data to the first satellite via the inter-satellite link. The second satellite can receive the data from the first terminal from a network element, such as an AMF or an MME. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 30 / 91 19 / 49 a main network, and the second satellite can also receive data from the first terminal from another satellite. The second satellite can determine, based on information such as a star map and the location of the first terminal, the routing of data from the first terminal to the first satellite. The first satellite can be a satellite close to the first terminal.

[0084] In the dissemination modalities, after receiving data from the first terminal of the second satellite via the inter-satellite link, the first satellite can transmit the data to the first terminal. The first satellite can first obtain the data for the first terminal, then page the first terminal, and then forward the data to the first terminal if the first terminal is successfully paged. Alternatively, the first satellite can first page the first terminal, then request data for the first terminal from the second satellite if the first terminal is successfully paged, and then forward the data to the successfully paged first terminal.

[0085] In the dissemination modalities, the data from the first terminal is routed between satellites, so that the data can be forwarded in a timely manner to the first successfully paged terminal, thus reducing service latency. For example, by routing a paging message and the data from the first terminal between satellites, paging latency can be reduced, a paging success rate can be improved, and the user experience can be enhanced.

[0086] Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 31 / 91 20 / 49 a method of data transmission according to another disclosure embodiment. Method 700 may include one or more features of the data transmission method in the embodiment above. In one embodiment, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[0087] In S701, the first satellite receives a first paging message from the second satellite, where the first paging message contains information from the first terminal.

[0088] In one embodiment, a link between satellites is between the first satellite and the second satellite, and a service link is between the first satellite and the first terminal.

[0089] In dissemination modalities, the first satellite receives, via inter-satellite link, the first paging message for the first terminal sent by the second satellite. The inter-satellite link can be implemented through an Xn / X2 interface (an interface between two base stations).

[0090] In one embodiment, the first terminal is in a disconnected state. For example, the first terminal is in a disconnected state before an RRC connection is established.

[0091] In one embodiment, the first satellite and / or the second satellite are in a store-and-forward satellite operating mode.

[0092] In one embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 7, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[0093] In S702, the first satellite sends a second paging message to the first terminal of Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 32 / 91 21 / 49 according to information from the first terminal.

[0094] In the disclosure modalities, after the first satellite sends the second paging message to the first terminal according to the information from the first terminal, the first terminal that received the second paging message can establish a service link connection with the first satellite.

[0095] In one embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 7, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[0096] In S703, the first satellite receives a first request message from the first terminal.

[0097] In the disclosure modalities, the first terminal that received the second paging message can send the first request message to the first satellite.

[0098] In one embodiment, the first request message is either a Connection Establishment Request (RRC) message or an Advance Data Transmission Request (ADT) message.

[0099] In the methods of dissemination, a connection RRC can be established between the first terminal and the first satellite, and MT data transmission is performed via the RRC connection. Alternatively, the first terminal can send the advance data transmission request message to the first satellite, so that the first satellite can carry MT data in a complete advance data transmission message.

[00100] In one embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 7, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[00101] In S704, the first satellite sends a first reply message to the first terminal. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, p. 33 / 91 22 / 49

[00102] In one embodiment, the first reply message includes an RRC connection establishment message or an early data transmission completion message.

[00103] In the disclosure modalities, if the first request message is an RRC connection establishment request message, the first reply message may be an RRC connection establishment message. If a request message is an advance data transmission request message, the first reply message may be a completed advance data transmission message. If the request message is an advance data transmission request message, the first terminal does not need to establish an RRC connection with a satellite and the first terminal may remain in a disconnected RRC state.

[00104] In one mode, the first reply message carries the data from the first terminal.

[00105] In the disclosure modalities, the RRC connection establishment message or the complete advance data transmission message may carry the data to the first terminal.

[00106] In one embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 7, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[00107] In S705, the first satellite receives a confirmation message from the first terminal.

[00108] In one embodiment, the confirmation message is a complete RRC connection establishment message.

[00109] In the methods of disclosure, if the Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 34 / 91 23 / 49 If the first reply message is an RRC connection establishment message, the confirmation message may be a complete RRC connection establishment message.

[00110] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of disclosure. The 800 method may include one or more features of the data transmission method in the embodiment above. In one embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 8, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[00111] In S801, the first satellite sends a second request message to the second satellite.

[00112] In one case, after receiving the first paging message from the second satellite, the first satellite may send the second request message to the second satellite if the first terminal is successfully paged, in order to request the retrieval of data for the first terminal.

[00113] In another case, after receiving the first paging message from the second satellite, the first satellite may first send the second request message to the second satellite to request data retrieval for the first terminal and then page the first terminal.

[00114] In one embodiment, the second request message is a data forwarding request message.

[00115] In the disclosure modalities, the data forwarding request message may contain information from the first terminal, and the data from the first terminal may be obtained from the second satellite based on the Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 35 / 91 24 / 49 message requesting data forwarding.

[00116] In one embodiment, the second request message contains one or more of: a terminal identity; a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to the first satellite; a reason for requesting data; a reason for requesting RRC connection establishment; and a reason for requesting advance data transmission.

[00117] In one embodiment, the terminal identity includes at least one of the following: a 5th generation temporary mobile subscription identifier (5G-S-TMSI); a truncated 5G-S-TMSI; an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI); or a truncated IMSI.

[00118] In one embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 8, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[00119] In S802, the first satellite receives second response information from the second satellite.

[00120] In the disclosure modalities, the second reply information is reply information for the first request message. If the first request message is a data forwarding request message, a second reply message may be a data forwarding reply message.

[00121] In one embodiment, the second response information contains a data forwarding response message and / or the data from the first terminal.

[00122] In one case, if the first satellite has already received the data from the first terminal before sending the second request message, the second response information may contain only the response message from Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 36 / 91 25 / 49 forwarding of data and does not contain the data from the first terminal.

[00123] Alternatively, if the first satellite has not received the data from the first terminal before sending the second request message, the second reply information may contain the data forwarding reply message and the data from the first terminal.

[00124] Alternatively, the second response information may not contain any data forwarding response message and may contain the data from the first terminal.

[00125] In the disclosure mode, operations in S801 and S802 can be performed after operations in S704 or S705. In this case, the data from the first terminal can be sent to the first terminal via a separate message.

[00126] In the disclosure mode, operations in S801 and S802 can also be performed after operations in S702 or S703 and before operations in S704. In this case, the data from the first terminal can be sent to the first terminal via the first reply message or a separate message.

[00127] In one embodiment, the second satellite is an anchor-like satellite.

[00128] In one embodiment, the anchor-like satellite has the capability to obtain data for the first terminal and / or a paging message from a main network.

[00129] In dissemination modalities, the anchor-like satellite can interact with the mainnet and obtain and store data for the first terminal of the mainnet. If the anchor-like satellite cannot Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 37 / 91 26 / 49 To directly send data from the first terminal to the first terminal in time, the anchor-shaped satellite can send data from the first terminal to another satellite via a link between satellites according to a star map, a location of the first terminal and the like, and forward data from the first terminal to the first terminal via another satellite in one or multiple hops.

[00130] In one embodiment, the second satellite is a relay satellite between the first satellite and an anchor-like satellite.

[00131] In one embodiment, there is at least one relay satellite between the first satellite and the anchor-like satellite.

[00132] In the dissemination modalities, one or more relay satellites may exist between the first satellite and the anchor-like satellite. In one case, the second satellite may serve as a relay satellite to directly obtain data for the first terminal of the anchor-like satellite. In another case, the second satellite may serve as a relay satellite to obtain data for the first terminal of the anchor-like satellite via another relay satellite with one or multiple hops. The first satellite may also be understood as a relay satellite between the second satellite and the first terminal.

[00133] In one embodiment, a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite, the relay satellite, and the first satellite contains at least one of the following multi-hop transmission information: the identity of an originating satellite; the identity of a Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 38 / 91 27 / 49 target satellite; or a routing path.

[00134] In the dissemination modalities, if the anchor-like satellite needs to send data from the first terminal to the first satellite via one or more single- or multi-hop satellites, a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite and the relay satellite may contain the identity of a source satellite, the identity of a target satellite, and a routing path. The identity of the source satellite may be an identity of the anchor-like satellite, and the identity of the target satellite may be an identity of the first satellite (a satellite communicating with a terminal). The routing path may contain information on all satellites that need to be traversed from the anchor-like satellite to the first satellite.

[00135] For example, the multi-hop transmission information in the second request message sent by the first satellite to the second satellite includes: an N1 identity of a source node, an M1 identity of a destination node, and an N1-N2-M2-M1 routing path. The second request message sent by the first satellite N1 is forwarded to a relay satellite M2 via the second satellite (relay satellite) N2, and then forwarded to an anchor-like satellite M1 via the relay satellite M2. The multi-hop transmission information in the second reply message sent by the anchor-like satellite to the first satellite includes: an M1 identity of a source node, an N1 identity of a destination node, and an M1-M2-N2-N1 routing path. The second reply message sent by the anchor-like satellite Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 39 / 91 A 28 / 49 message sent to an M1 anchor is routed to the second N2 satellite via the M2 relay satellite, and then forwarded to the first N1 satellite via the second N2 satellite. Similarly, a paging message sent by the satellite in the form of an M1 anchor can also be routed to the first N1 satellite via the M2 and N2 relay satellites.

[00136] In the dissemination modalities, a service link and a feed link of a satellite in a store-and-forward satellite operating mode are not simultaneously available, and another satellite is used as a relay to forward data to the first terminal. Even if the anchor-shaped satellite is far from the first terminal, data can still be forwarded in a timely manner to the first terminal. For example, an anchor-like satellite forwards a paging message for a given UE to other satellites via inter-satellite links. In the case where the UE is successfully paged by a given satellite, the satellite requests that the anchor-like satellite forward MT data to the UE and then sends the received MT data to the UE.

[00137] Figure 9 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to a disclosure modality. Optionally, method 900 can be applied to the system illustrated in Figure 1, but is not limited to it. The method includes at least part of the following contents.

[00138] In S901, a second satellite sends data from a first terminal to a first satellite.

[00139] In the dissemination modalities, the second satellite can be an anchor-like satellite or a Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 40 / 91 29 / 49 relay satellite. The first satellite can also be understood as a relay satellite between the second satellite and the first terminal.

[00140] In some examples, the anchor-like satellite can send the first terminal's data to one or more relay satellites, and a relay satellite that can page the first terminal is the first satellite. The first satellite can serve as a service satellite for the first terminal and forward the first terminal's data to the first terminal. If a first-hop relay satellite cannot page the first terminal, the first terminal's data can be sent to one or more next-hop relay satellites.

[00141] In some instances, the first satellite that successfully paged the first terminal may actively request data for the first terminal. The first satellite may directly request data for the first terminal from the anchor-like satellite, or it may request data for the first terminal from the anchor-like satellite via single-hop or multi-hop relay satellites.

[00142] In one embodiment, the first satellite is configured to send data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

[00143] Figure 10 is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of disclosure. Method 1000 may include one or more features of the data transmission method in the embodiment above. In one embodiment, the method additionally includes the Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 41 / 91 30 / 49 arranged as follows.

[00144] In S1001, the second satellite sends a first paging message to the first satellite. The first paging message contains information from the first terminal, and the first paging message indicates that the first satellite will send a second paging message to the first terminal.

[00145] In one embodiment, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[00146] In S1002, the second satellite receives a second request message from the first satellite.

[00147] In one embodiment, the second request message is a data forwarding request message.

[00148] In one embodiment, the second request message contains one or more of: a terminal identity; a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to the first satellite; a reason for requesting data; a reason for requesting RRC connection establishment; and a reason for requesting advance data transmission.

[00149] In one embodiment, the terminal identity includes at least one of: a 5G-S-TMSI; a truncated 5G-STMSI; an IMSI; or a truncated IMSI.

[00150] In one embodiment, as illustrated in Figure 10, the method additionally includes the following provisions.

[00151] In S1003, the second satellite sends second response information to the first satellite.

[00152] In one mode, the second response information contains the data from the first terminal. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 42 / 91 31 / 49

[00153] In one embodiment, a link between satellites is between the first satellite and the second satellite, and a service link is between the first satellite and the first terminal.

[00154] In one embodiment, the second satellite is an anchor-like satellite.

[00155] In one embodiment, the second satellite is a relay satellite between the first satellite and an anchor-like satellite.

[00156] In one embodiment, there is at least one relay satellite between the first satellite and the anchor-like satellite.

[00157] In one embodiment, a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite, the relay satellite, and the first satellite contains at least one of the following multi-hop transmission information: the identity of a source satellite; the identity of a target satellite; or a routing path.

[00158] In one embodiment, the anchor-like satellite has the capability to obtain data for the first terminal and / or a paging message from a main network.

[00159] In one mode, the first terminal is in a disconnected state.

[00160] In one embodiment, the first satellite and / or the second satellite are in a store-and-forward satellite operating mode.

[00161] For specific examples of implementing the data transmission method using the second satellite in this mode, reference can be made to related illustrations of the second satellite in the transmission method. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 43 / 91 32 / 49 data above, which will not be repeated in this document for the sake of brevity.

[00162] The data transmission method provided in the disclosure modalities may be a paging transmission method in a store-and-forward satellite operating mode in an NTN. There are mainly the following ways.

[00163] Method 1. An anchor-like satellite forwards a paging message for a given UE to other satellites via inter-satellite links. In the case where the UE is successfully paged by a given satellite, the satellite requests that the anchor-like satellite forward MT data to the UE and then sends the received MT data to the UE.

[00164] Method 2. An anchor-shaped satellite transmits MT data to a given UE stored on it and a paging message for the UE to other satellites via inter-satellite links. In the event that the UE is successfully paged by a given satellite, the satellite sends the received MT data to the UE.

[00165] Method 3. For non-adjacent satellites, the exchange of information between an anchor-like satellite and another satellite supports multi-hop transmission.

[00166] Specific examples of different methods will be described separately below. FIRST EXAMPLE

[00167] In a store-and-forward satellite operating mode, an anchor-like satellite forwards a paging message to a specific Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 44 / 91 33 / 49 UE is transmitted to other satellites via inter-satellite links. In the event that UE is successfully paged by a given satellite, that satellite requests that the anchor-like satellite forward MT data to UE and then sends the received MT data back to UE.

[00168] As illustrated in Figures 11, a data transmission process is as follows.

[00169] In S1100 (not shown), MT data arrives at a satellite. A main network AMF / MME sends the paging message and MT data to a base station (satellite), and the satellite stores the paging message and MT data. In this document, the satellite that stores the MT data is referred to as an anchor-like satellite.

[00170] In S1101, the anchor-like satellite sends the stored paging message to another satellite (e.g., satellite 1, where satellite 1 may be a service satellite) via an inter-satellite link. The inter-satellite link can be implemented via an Xn / X2 interface.

[00171] In S1102, satellite 1 sends a paging message to the EU.

[00172] In S1103, the UE in an unconnected RRC state (e.g., in an idle RRC state) receives the paging message from satellite 1 and sends to satellite 1 a first request message, such as an RRC Connection Establishment Request (RRCSetupRequest) message or an advance data transmission request message (e.g., (RRCEarlyDataRequest).

[00173] In S1104, satellite 1 sends to satellite Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 45 / 91 34 / 49 similar to an anchor, a second request message, such as a data forwarding request message. The second request message contains one or more of: an UE identity, such as a 5G-S-TMSI or a truncated 5G-S-TMSI (e.g., partly 5G-S-TMSI bits), or an IMSI or a truncated IMSI (e.g., partly IMSI bits); a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to satellite 1; a reason for data request; a reason for RRC connection establishment request; and a reason for advance data transmission request.

[00174] In S1105, the anchor-like satellite sends a second reply message to satellite 1. The second reply message contains a data forwarding reply message and / or the MT data to be forwarded to the UE stored therein.

[00175] In S1106, satellite 1 sends a first response message to the EU, such as an RRC connection establishment message (RRCSetup) or an early data transmission complete message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete).

[00176] Optionally, at this stage, satellite 1 can also send MT data to the EU.

[00177] In S1107, the UE sends a confirmation message to satellite 1, as a complete RRC connection establishment message (RRCSetupComplete).

[00178] Optionally, step 4 and / or step 5 above can also be performed after step 6 or step 7. SECOND EXAMPLE

[00179] In a satellite operating mode of Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 46 / 91 35 / 49 Storage and forwarding: An anchor-like satellite forwards MT data to a specific UE stored on it and a paging message for the UE to other satellites via inter-satellite links. If the UE is successfully paged by a given satellite, the satellite sends the MT data to the UE.

[00180] As illustrated in Figures 12, a data transmission process is as follows.

[00181] In S1200 (not shown), MT data arrives at a satellite. A main network AMF / MME sends the paging message and MT data to a base station (satellite), and the satellite stores the paging message and MT data. In this document, the satellite that stores the MT data is referred to as an anchor-like satellite.

[00182] In S1201, the anchor-shaped satellite sends the stored paging message for UE and MT data to another satellite (e.g., satellite 1, where satellite 1 may be a service satellite) via an inter-satellite link. The inter-satellite link can be implemented via an Xn / X2 interface.

[00183] In S1202, satellite 1 sends a paging message to the UE.

[00184] In S1203, the UE in a disconnected RRC state (e.g., in an idle RRC state) receives the paging message from satellite 1 and sends to satellite 1 an initial request message, such as an RRC Connection Establishment Request (RRCSetupRequest) message or an advance data transmission request message (e.g., (RRCEarlyDataRequest). Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 47 / 91 36 / 49

[00185] In S1204, satellite 1 sends an early response message to the UE, such as an RRC connection establishment message (RRCSetup) or an early data transmission complete message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete).

[00186] Optionally, at this stage, satellite 1 can also send MT data to the EU.

[00187] In S1205, the UE sends a confirmation message to satellite 1, as a complete RRC connection establishment message (RRCSetupComplete). THIRD EXAMPLE

[00188] For non-adjacent satellites, the exchange of information between an anchor-like satellite and another satellite, such as a service satellite, supports multi-hop transmission.

[00189] A data transmission process is as follows. For operations on S1101, S1104, and S1105 in a first example, and operations on S1201 in a second example, if there is no direct inter-satellite link between the anchor satellite and satellite 1, message transmission between the anchor satellite and satellite 1 can be performed via multi-hop transmission. For example, satellite 2 and satellite 3 are used as relay satellites for message transmission. Furthermore, a message such as a paging message, a second request message, or a second reply message exchanged between the anchor satellite and satellite 1 may contain one or more of: an identity of a source satellite corresponding to the message; the identity of a target satellite corresponding to the message; and a message routing path. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 48 / 91 37 / 49

[00190] The method of transmitting data in disclosure modes can be used to page a terminal in a store-and-forward satellite operating mode on an NTN. After introducing a mechanism to forward a paging message and MT data between different satellites, paging latency can be effectively reduced and a paging success rate can be improved.

[00191] Figure 13 is a schematic block diagram of a first 1300 satellite according to one embodiment of the disclosure. The first 1300 satellite may include a first receiving unit 1301 and a first transmitting unit 1302. The first receiving unit 1301 is configured to receive data for a first terminal from a second satellite. The first transmitting unit 1302 is configured to transmit data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

[00192] In one embodiment, the first receiving unit 1301 is configured to receive a first paging message from the second satellite. The first paging message contains information from the first terminal.

[00193] In one embodiment, the first sending unit 1302 is configured to send a second paging message to the first terminal according to the information from the first terminal.

[00194] In one embodiment, the first receiving unit 1301 is configured to receive a first request message from the first terminal.

[00195] In one embodiment, the first request message is an establishment request message. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, page 49 / 91 38 / 49 RRC connection or an advance data transmission request message.

[00196] In one embodiment, the first sending unit 1302 is configured to send a first reply message to the first terminal.

[00197] In one embodiment, the first response message includes an RRC connection establishment message or an early data transmission completion message.

[00198] In one mode, the first reply message carries the data from the first terminal.

[00199] In one embodiment, the first receiving unit 1301 is configured to receive a confirmation message from the first terminal.

[00200] In one embodiment, the confirmation message is a complete RRC connection establishment message.

[00201] In one embodiment, the first 1302 transmission unit is configured to send a second request message to the second satellite.

[00202] In one embodiment, the second request message is a data forwarding request message.

[00203] In one embodiment, the second request message contains one or more of: a terminal identity; a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to the first satellite; a reason for requesting data; a reason for requesting RRC connection establishment; and a reason for requesting advance data transmission. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 50 / 91 39 / 49

[00204] In one embodiment, the terminal identity includes at least one of: a 5G-S-TMSI; a truncated 5G-STMSI; an IMSI; or a truncated IMSI.

[00205] In one embodiment, the first receiving unit 1301 is configured to receive second response information from the second satellite.

[00206] In one embodiment, the second response information contains a data forwarding response message and / or the data from the first terminal.

[00207] In one embodiment, a link between satellites is between the first satellite and the second satellite, and a service link is between the first satellite and the first terminal.

[00208] In one embodiment, the second satellite is an anchor-like satellite.

[00209] In one embodiment, the second satellite is a relay satellite between the first satellite and an anchor-like satellite.

[00210] In one embodiment, there is at least one relay satellite between the first satellite and the anchor-like satellite.

[00211] In one embodiment, a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite, the relay satellite, and the first satellite contains at least one of the following multi-hop transmission information: the identity of a source satellite; the identity of a target satellite; or a routing path.

[00212] In one embodiment, the anchor-like satellite has the capability to obtain data for the first terminal and / or a paging message from a main network. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 51 / 91 40 / 49

[00213] In one mode, the first terminal is in a disconnected state.

[00214] In one embodiment, the first satellite and / or the second satellite are in a store-and-forward satellite operating mode.

[00215] The first 1300 satellite in embodiments of the disclosure may implement corresponding functions of the first satellite in embodiments of the prior method. For the procedure, function, implementation and advantage corresponding to each module (submodule, unit or assembly, etc.) in the first 1300 satellite, reference may be made to the corresponding illustrations in embodiments of the prior method, which will not be repeated in this document. It may be noted that the functions of various modules (submodules, units or assemblies, etc.) in the first 1300 satellite described in the embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented by different modules (submodules, units or assemblies, etc.), or may be implemented by the same module (submodule, unit or assembly, etc.).

[00216] Figure 14 is a schematic block diagram of a second 1400 satellite according to one embodiment of the disclosure. The second 1400 satellite may include a second 1401 transmission unit. The second 1401 transmission unit is configured to send data from a first terminal to a first satellite. The first satellite is configured to send data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

[00217] In one embodiment, the second 1401 transmission unit is configured to send a first paging message to the first satellite. The first message of Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 52 / 91 41 / 49 paging contains information from the first terminal, and the first paging message indicates that the first satellite will send a second paging message to the first terminal.

[00218] In one embodiment, the second satellite additionally includes a second 1402 receiving unit. The second 1402 receiving unit is configured to receive a second request message from the first satellite.

[00219] In one embodiment, the second request message is a data forwarding request message.

[00220] In one embodiment, the second request message contains one or more of: a terminal identity; a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to the first satellite; a reason for requesting data; a reason for requesting RRC connection establishment; and a reason for requesting advance data transmission.

[00221] In one embodiment, the terminal identity includes at least one of: a 5G-S-TMSI; a truncated 5G-STMSI; an IMSI; or a truncated IMSI.

[00222] In one embodiment, the second 1401 transmission unit is configured to send second response information to the first satellite.

[00223] In one mode, the second response information contains the data from the first terminal.

[00224] In one embodiment, a link between satellites is between the first satellite and the second satellite, and a service link is between the first satellite and the first terminal.

[00225] In one configuration, the second satellite is a Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 53 / 91 42 / 49 satellite similar to an anchor.

[00226] In one embodiment, the second satellite is a relay satellite between the first satellite and an anchor-like satellite.

[00227] In one embodiment, there is at least one relay satellite between the first satellite and the anchor-like satellite.

[00228] In one embodiment, a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite, the relay satellite, and the first satellite contains at least one of the following multi-hop transmission information: the identity of a source satellite; the identity of a target satellite; or a routing path.

[00229] In one embodiment, the anchor-like satellite has the capability to obtain data for the first terminal and / or a paging message from a main network.

[00230] In one mode, the first terminal is in a disconnected state.

[00231] In one embodiment, the first satellite and / or the second satellite are in a store-and-forward satellite operating mode.

[00232] The second 1400 satellite in the disclosure embodiments can implement corresponding functions of the second satellite in the previous method embodiments. For the procedure, function, implementation and advantage corresponding to each module (submodule, unit or assembly, etc.) in the second 1400 satellite, reference can be made to the corresponding illustrations in the previous method embodiments, which will not be repeated here. It can be noted that the functions of various modules (submodules, units or assemblies, etc.) in the second Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, p. 54 / 91 43 / 49 satellite 1400 described in the disclosure methods can be implemented by different modules (submodules, units or sets, etc.), or they can be implemented by the same module (submodule, unit or set, etc.).

[00233] Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1500 communication device according to the disclosure modalities. The 1500 communication device includes a 1510 processor. The 1510 processor can invoke and execute a computer program stored in memory, so that the 1500 communication device implements the method in disclosure modalities.

[00234] In one embodiment, the communication device 1500 may additionally include a memory 1520. The processor 1510 may invoke and execute a computer program stored in memory 1520, so that the communication device 1500 implements the disclosure method in embodiments.

[00235] The 1520 memory can be a separate device independent of the 1510 processor or it can be integrated into the 1510 processor.

[00236] In one embodiment, the communication device 1500 may additionally include a transceiver 1530. The processor 1510 may control the transceiver 1530 to communicate with another device and, specifically, may send information or data to another device or receive information or data from another device.

[00237] The 1530 transceiver may include a transmitter and a receiver. The 1530 transceiver may additionally include an antenna, in which one or more antennas may be provided. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, p. 55 / 91 44 / 49

[00238] In one embodiment, communication device 1500 may be the first satellite in disclosure embodiments, and communication device 1500 may implement corresponding procedures implemented by the first satellite in methods according to disclosure embodiments, which will not be repeated in this document for the sake of brevity.

[00239] In one embodiment, communication device 1500 may be the second satellite in disclosure embodiments, and communication device 1500 may implement corresponding procedures implemented by the second satellite in methods according to disclosure embodiments, which will not be repeated in this document for the sake of brevity.

[00240] Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1600 chip according to the disclosure embodiments. The 1600 chip includes a 1610 processor. The 1610 processor can invoke and execute a computer program stored in memory to implement the method in disclosure embodiments.

[00241] In one embodiment, the 1600 chip may additionally include a 1620 memory. The 1610 processor may invoke and execute a computer program stored in the 1620 memory, to implement the method executed by the first satellite or the second satellite in embodiments of the disclosure.

[00242] The 1620 memory can be a separate device independent of the 1610 processor or it can be integrated into the 1610 processor.

[00243] In one embodiment, the 1600 chip may additionally include a 1630 input interface. The processor Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 56 / 91 45 / 49 The 1610 can control the 1630 input interface to communicate with another device or chip and, specifically, can obtain information or data sent by another device or chip.

[00244] In one embodiment, the 1600 chip may additionally include a 1640 output interface. The 1610 processor may control the 1640 output interface to communicate with another device or chip and, specifically, may send information or data to another device or chip.

[00245] In one embodiment, the chip can be applied to the first satellite in disclosure embodiments, and the chip can implement corresponding procedures implemented by the first satellite in methods according to disclosure embodiments, which will not be repeated in this document for the sake of brevity.

[00246] In one embodiment, the chip can be applied to the second satellite in disclosure embodiments, and the chip can implement corresponding procedures implemented by the second satellite in methods according to the disclosure embodiments, which will not be repeated in this document for the sake of brevity.

[00247] The chip applied to the first satellite may be the same as or different from the chip applied to the second satellite.

[00248] It can be understood that the chip mentioned in the disclosure materials may also be a system on a chip (SoC).

[00249] The processor mentioned above may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 57 / 91 46 / 49 Programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, or similar. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or it can be any conventional processor or similar.

[00250] The memory mentioned above may be volatile or non-volatile memory, or it may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrical EPROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM).

[00251] It may be understood that the above memory is intended for illustration purposes only and not as a limitation. For example, memory in disclosure modes may also be static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synch link DRAM (SLDRAM), direct rambus RAM (DR RAM), etc. In other words, memory in disclosure modes is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[00252] Figure 17 is a schematic block diagram of a 1700 communication system according to the dissemination modalities. The 1700 communication system includes a first 1710 satellite and a second 1720 satellite.

[00253] The first satellite 1710 is configured to receive data from a first terminal on a second satellite and send the data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

[00254] The second satellite 1720 is configured to send data from a first terminal to a first Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 58 / 91 47 / 49 satellite.

[00255] The first satellite 1710 can be configured to implement corresponding functions implemented by the first satellite in the previous methods, and the second satellite 1720 can be configured to implement corresponding functions implemented by the second satellite in the previous methods, which will not be repeated in this document for the sake of brevity.

[00256] In one embodiment, the communication system may additionally include a first 1730 terminal. The first 1730 terminal is configured to receive data for the first terminal of a second satellite.

[00257] In one embodiment, the second 1720 satellite may be an anchor-like satellite.

[00258] In one embodiment, the second 1720 satellite is a relay satellite between an anchor-like satellite and the first satellite. The communication system may include the anchor-shaped satellite and multiple second 1720 satellites.

[00259] All or part of the above embodiments may be implemented by means of software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part of the above embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are applied and executed on a computer, all or part of the operations or functions of the embodiments of the disclosure are performed. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 59 / 91 48 / 49 computer network or other programmable devices. Computer instructions can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one site, computer, server, or data center to another site, computer, server, or data center, wired or wirelessly. Examples of wired methods include coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, digital subscriber line (DSL), etc. Wireless methods include, for example, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc. A computer-readable storage medium can be any usable medium accessible by computer or a data storage device, such as a server, data center, or similar, integrated with one or more usable media.The usable medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a virtual disk, a hard disk, or magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid-state drive (SSD)), etc.

[00260] It can be understood that, in various disclosure modalities, the magnitude of a sequential number of each of the above processes does not signify an order of execution, and an order of execution of each process can be determined according to a function and an internal logic of the process, which will not constitute any limitation to a process of implementing disclosure modalities.

[00261] It will be evident to those skilled in the art that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, in terms of the specific working processes of the aforementioned systems, apparatus and units, reference may be made to the processes Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 60 / 91 49 / 49 corresponding to the above method modalities, which will not be repeated in this document.

[00262] The preceding elaborations are merely embodiments of the disclosure, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the disclosure. Any variation or substitution readily devised by those skilled in the art within the scope of the art disclosed in the disclosure shall fall within the scope of protection of the disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the disclosure shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 61 / 91

Claims

1 / 14 CLAIMS 1. DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD characterized by comprising: receiving, via a first satellite, data for a first terminal of a second satellite; and sending, via the first satellite, the data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

2. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising: receiving, by the first satellite, a first paging message from the second satellite, wherein the first paging message contains information from the first terminal.

3. METHOD, according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising: sending, via the first satellite, a second paging message to the first terminal, in accordance with the information from the first terminal.

4. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising: receiving, by the first satellite, a first request message from the first terminal.

5. METHOD, according to claim 4, characterized in that the first request message is a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection Establishment Request message or an Advance Data Transmission Request message.

6. METHOD, according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by further comprising: sending, via the first satellite, a first reply message to the first terminal.

7. METHOD, according to claim 6, characterized in that the first reply message comprises an RRC connection establishment message or a complete advance data transmission message.

8. METHOD, according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the first reply message loads the data to the first terminal.

9. METHOD, according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by further comprising: receiving, by the first satellite, a confirmation message from the first terminal.

10. METHOD, according to claim 9, characterized in that the confirmation message is a complete RRC connection establishment message.

11. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by further comprising: sending, via the first satellite, a second request message to the second satellite.

12. METHOD, according to claim 11, characterized in that the second request message is a data forwarding request message.

13. METHOD, according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the second request message contains one or more of the following: a terminal identity; a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to the first satellite; a reason for requesting data; a reason for requesting RRC connection establishment; and a reason for requesting advance data transmission.

14. METHOD, according to claim 13, characterized in that the terminal identity comprises at least one of: a 5th generation temporary mobile signature identifier (5G-S-TMSI); a truncated 5G-S-TMSI; an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI); or a truncated IMSI.

15. METHOD, according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized by further comprising: receiving, by the first satellite, second response information from the second satellite.

16. METHOD, according to claim 15, characterized in that the second response information contains a data forwarding response message and / or the data from the first terminal.

17. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that an inter-satellite link (ISL) is between the first satellite and the second satellite, and in that a service link is between the first satellite and the first terminal.

18. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the second satellite is an anchor-like satellite.

19. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the second satellite is a relay satellite between the first satellite and an anchor-like satellite.

20. METHOD, according to claim 19, characterized by the existence of at least one satellite of Petition 870250091406, of 07 / 10 / 2025, page 64 / 91 4 / 14 retransmission between the first satellite and the anchor-like satellite.

21. METHOD, according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite, the relay satellite and the first satellite contains at least one of the following multi-hop transmission information: the identity of a source satellite; the identity of a target satellite; or a routing path.

22. METHOD, according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the anchor-shaped satellite has the capability to obtain data for the first terminal and / or a paging message from a main network.

23. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the first terminal is in a disconnected state.

24. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the first satellite and / or the second satellite is in satellite storage and forwarding operation mode.

25. DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD characterized by comprising: sending, via a second satellite, data from a first terminal to a first satellite, wherein the first satellite is configured to send the data from the first terminal to the first paging terminal.

26. METHOD, according to claim 25, characterized by further comprising: sending, via the second satellite, a first paging message to the first satellite, wherein the first paging message contains information from the first terminal, and the first paging message indicates that the first satellite sends a second paging message to the first terminal.

27. METHOD, according to claim 25 or 26, characterized by further comprising: receiving, by the second satellite, a second request message from the first satellite.

28. METHOD, according to claim 27, characterized in that the second request message is a data forwarding request message.

29. METHOD, according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the second request message contains one or more of the following: a terminal identity; a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to the first satellite; a reason for requesting data; a reason for requesting RRC connection establishment; and a reason for requesting advance data transmission.

30. METHOD, according to claim 29, characterized in that the terminal identity comprises at least one of: a 5th generation temporary mobile signature identifier (5G-S-TMSI); a truncated 5G-S-TMSI; an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI); or a truncated IMSI.

31. METHOD, according to any one of claims 27 to 30, characterized by further comprising: sending, via the second satellite, second response information to the first satellite.

32. METHOD, according to claim 31, Petition 870250091406, dated 10 / 07 / 2025, pp. 66 / 91 6 / 14, characterized by the second response information containing the data from the first terminal.

33. METHOD, according to any one of claims 25 to 32, characterized in that an inter-satellite link (ISL) is between the first satellite and the second satellite, and in that a service link is between the first satellite and the first terminal.

34. METHOD, according to any one of claims 25 to 33, characterized in that the second satellite is an anchor-like satellite.

35. METHOD, according to any one of claims 25 to 33, characterized in that the second satellite is a relay satellite between the first satellite and an anchor-like satellite.

36. METHOD, according to claim 35, characterized in that there is at least one relay satellite between the first satellite and the anchor-shaped satellite.

37. METHOD, according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite, the relay satellite and the first satellite contains at least one of the following multi-hop transmission information: the identity of a source satellite; the identity of a target satellite; or a routing path.

38. METHOD, according to any one of claims 34 to 37, characterized in that the anchor-like satellite has the capability to obtain data for the first terminal and / or a paging message from a main network.

39. METHOD, according to any of the claims 25 to 38, as described in Petition 870250091406, dated 10 / 07 / 2025, p. 67 / 91 7 / 14, characterized by the first terminal being in a disconnected state.

40. METHOD, according to any one of claims 25 to 39, characterized in that the first satellite and / or the second satellite is in storage and forwarding satellite operation mode.

41. FIRST SATELLITE characterized by comprising: a first receiving unit configured to receive data for a first terminal from a second satellite; and a first transmitting unit configured to send data from the first terminal to the first paged terminal.

42. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 41, characterized in that the first receiving unit is configured to receive a first paging message from the second satellite, wherein the first paging message contains information from the first terminal.

43. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 42, characterized in that the first sending unit is configured to send a second paging message to the first terminal according to the information from the first terminal.

44. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 41 to 43, characterized in that the first receiving unit is configured to receive a first request message from the first terminal.

45. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 44, characterized by the first request message being a request message for establishing a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection or a request message for early data transmission.

46. ​​FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 44 or 45, characterized in that the first transmitting unit is configured to send a first reply message to the first terminal.

47. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 46, characterized in that the first reply message comprises an RRC connection establishment message or a complete advance data transmission message.

48. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that the first reply message carries the data to the first terminal.

49. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 46 to 48, characterized in that the first receiving unit is configured to receive a confirmation message from the first terminal.

50. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 49, characterized in that the confirmation message is a complete RRC connection establishment message.

51. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 41 to 50, characterized in that the first transmitting unit is configured to send a second request message to the second satellite.

52. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 51, characterized in that the second request message is a data forwarding request message. Petition 870250091406, dated 10 / 07 / 2025, pp. 69 / 91 9 / 14 53. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 51 or 52, characterized in that the second request message contains one or more of the following: a terminal identity; a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to the first satellite; a reason for requesting data; a reason for requesting RRC connection establishment; and a reason for requesting advance data transmission.

54. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 53, characterized in that the terminal identity comprises at least one of the following: a 5th generation temporary mobile signature identifier (5G-S-TMSI); a truncated 5GS-TMSI; an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI); or a truncated IMSI.

55. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 51 to 54, characterized in that the first receiving unit is configured to receive second response information from the second satellite.

56. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 55, characterized in that the second response information contains a data forwarding response message and / or the data from the first terminal.

57. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 41 to 56, characterized in that an inter-satellite link (ISL) is between the first satellite and the second satellite, and a service link is between the first satellite and the first terminal.

58. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 41 to 57, characterized in that the second satellite is an anchor-like satellite. Petition 870250091406, dated 10 / 07 / 2025, pp. 70 / 91 10 / 14 59. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 41 to 57, characterized in that the second satellite is a relay satellite between the first satellite and an anchor-like satellite.

60. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 59, characterized in that there is at least one relay satellite between the first satellite and the anchor-like satellite.

61. FIRST SATELLITE, according to claim 59 or 60, characterized in that a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite, the relay satellite, and the first satellite contains at least one of the following multi-hop transmission information: the identity of a source satellite; the identity of a target satellite; or a routing path.

62. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 58 to 61, characterized in that the anchor-shaped satellite has the capability to obtain data for the first terminal and / or a paging message from a main network.

63. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 41 to 62, characterized in that the first terminal is in a disconnected state.

64. FIRST SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 41 to 63, characterized in that the first satellite and / or the second satellite is in storage and forwarding satellite operation mode.

65. SECOND SATELLITE characterized by comprising: a second transmission unit configured to send data from a first terminal to a first satellite, in Petition 870250091406, of 07 / 10 / 2025, p. 71 / 91 11 / 14 that the first satellite is configured to send data from the first terminal to the first paginated terminal.

66. SECOND SATELLITE, according to claim 65, characterized in that the second transmitting unit is configured to send a first paging message to the first satellite, wherein the first paging message contains information from the first terminal and the first paging message indicates that the first satellite sends a second paging message to the first terminal.

67. SECOND SATELLITE, according to claim 65 or 66, characterized by further comprising: a second receiving unit configured to receive a second request message from the first satellite.

68. SECOND SATELLITE, according to claim 67, characterized in that the second request message is a data forwarding request message.

69. SECOND SATELLITE, according to claim 67 or 68, characterized in that the second request message contains one or more of: a terminal identity; a satellite identity or a cell identity corresponding to the first satellite; a reason for requesting data; a reason for requesting RRC connection establishment; and a reason for requesting advance data transmission.

70. SECOND SATELLITE, according to claim 69, characterized by the terminal identity comprising at least one of the following: a 5th generation temporary mobile signature identifier (5G-S-TMSI); a truncated 5G-S-TMSI; Petition 870250091406, dated 10 / 07 / 2025, pp. 72 / 91 12 / 14 an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI); or a truncated IMSI.

71. SECOND SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 67 to 70, characterized in that the second transmitting unit is configured to send second response information to the first satellite.

72. SECOND SATELLITE, according to claim 71, characterized in that the second response information contains the data from the first terminal.

73. SECOND SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 65 to 72, characterized in that an inter-satellite link (ISL) is between the first satellite and the second satellite, and in that a service link is between the first satellite and the first terminal.

74. SECOND SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 65 to 73, characterized in that the second satellite is an anchor-like satellite.

75. SECOND SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 65 to 73, characterized in that the second satellite is a relay satellite between the first satellite and an anchor-like satellite.

76. SECOND SATELLITE, according to claim 75, characterized in that there is at least one relay satellite between the first satellite and the anchor-shaped satellite.

77. SECOND SATELLITE, according to claim 75 or 76, characterized in that a message exchanged between the anchor-like satellite, the relay satellite and the first satellite contains at least one of the following multi-hop transmission information: the identity of a source satellite; the identity of a target satellite; or a routing path.

78. SECOND SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 74 to 77, characterized in that the anchor-like satellite has the capability to obtain data for the first terminal and / or a paging message from a main network.

79. SECOND SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 65 to 78, characterized in that the first terminal is in a disconnected state.

80. SECOND SATELLITE, according to any one of claims 65 to 79, characterized in that the first satellite and / or the second satellite is in storage and forwarding satellite operation mode.

81. A satellite characterized by comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor is configured to invoke and execute the computer program stored in memory, to cause the satellite to execute the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24, or the method as defined in any one of claims 25 to 40.

82. CHIP characterized by comprising: a processor configured to invoke and execute a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device equipped with the chip to execute the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24, or the method as defined in any one of claims 25 to 40.

83. COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM Petition 870250091406, dated 10 / 07 / 2025, pp. 74 / 91 14 / 14 characterized by being configured to store a computer program that, when executed by a device, causes the device to execute the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24 or the method as defined in any one of claims 25 to 40.

84. COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT characterized by comprising computer program instructions that cause a computer to execute the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24, or the method as defined in any one of claims 25 to 40.

85. COMPUTER PROGRAM characterized by causing a computer to execute the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24, or the method as defined in any one of claims 25 to 40. Petition 870250091406, dated 07 / 10 / 2025, pp. 75 / 91

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