Livestock carbon credit monitoring system and method

Description

1 / 34 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING LIVESTOCK CARBON CREDITS BACKGROUND

[0001] The illustrative modalities described generally refer to a carbon credit generation system for livestock farmers, which calculates the amount of carbon sequestered through livestock grazing activities. The system uses geofences, livestock monitoring devices, and data processing to track grazing patterns, vegetation consumption, and optionally, satellite imagery. The information collected can be used to determine the carbon credits generated, which livestock farmers can sell on a marketplace or exchange platform, enabling companies or individuals to offset their carbon emissions. SUMMARY

[0002] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a system comprising livestock monitoring devices, which includes an output location tracking unit and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), configured to be attached to livestock grazing in pasture. The system also includes a service provider configured to enable users to create a geographic fence around a pasture, based on the boundaries of owned or leased land parcels. The service provider is further configured to automatically generate livestock inventory numbers using the output of the livestock monitoring devices associated with the livestock in the pasture, based on location data and Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 5 / 46 2 / 34 time stamping of when each livestock entered and left the pasture, and to combine inventory numbers with additional livestock data as a predictive metric of vegetation consumption.

[0003] In some embodiments, the service provider is configured to use location data and IMU data from the livestock monitoring device to indicate grazing areas and estimate where vegetation has decreased. By analyzing this data, the service provider can provide valuable information about livestock grazing patterns in a specific area.

[0004] In additional modes, the service provider is configured to generate a heat map of grazing activities based on historical locations and movement data. This heat map can visually represent the intensity of grazing activities in various areas, providing a better understanding of how livestock utilize available pasture resources.

[0005] In addition, in some modalities, the service provider includes a satellite imagery module configured to use satellite imagery to indicate vegetation indices and pasture areas. By incorporating satellite imagery, the system can provide a more accurate and comprehensive view of vegetation conditions in the pasture.

[0006] Additionally, the satellite imagery module can be configured to monitor vegetation and forage quantity throughout a grazing season. This allows the service provider to track changes in vegetation over time and identify trends that may impact overall pasture productivity. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 6 / 46 3 / 34

[0007] In certain modes, the service provider is configured to determine the length of the grazing season, a type of vegetation in the pasture, and an amount of carbon sequestered. By analyzing this information, the system can provide valuable insights into the environmental impact of livestock grazing activities.

[0008] In addition, the service provider can be configured to calculate carbon credits based on the amount of carbon sequestered by livestock farming. These carbon credits can be used by livestock farmers as a way to offset their carbon footprint and participate in carbon credit trading programs.

[0009] In some models, the service provider includes a carbon credit marketplace module configured to allow livestock farmers to place calculated carbon credits on a carbon credit exchange. This marketplace allows livestock farmers to sell their carbon credits to interested buyers, potentially providing an additional source of revenue.

[0010] In certain modalities, the carbon credit market module is configured to allow buyers to bid on and purchase carbon credits through carbon credit exchange at a listed market price or offer. This provides a streamlined process for buyers to acquire carbon credits and for livestock farmers to sell their credits.

[0011] In some embodiments, the livestock monitoring device comprises a location sensor with an IMU. The combination of these sensors allows for precise tracking of the location and movement of livestock. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 7 / 46 4 / 34 providing valuable data for analyzing grazing patterns and determining carbon sequestration estimates.

[0012] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a method comprising: creating a geographic fence around a pasture, based on the plot boundaries; receiving the output of a livestock monitoring device attached to each livestock grazing on the pasture, wherein the livestock monitoring device comprises a livestock monitoring device and an inertial measurement unit (IMU); automatically generating livestock inventory numbers using the output of the livestock monitoring device, wherein the output of the livestock monitoring device comprises location data and timestamps indicative of when the livestock entered and left the pasture; and estimating vegetation consumption in the pasture by the livestock from the inventory numbers and the output of the livestock monitoring device.

[0013] Thus, some embodiments of the present disclosure have been outlined in a fairly broad manner, so that their detailed description may be better understood and the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are additional embodiments that will be described below and that will constitute the subject of the appended claims. In this regard, before explaining at least one embodiment in detail, it should be understood that the various embodiments are not limited in their application to the construction details or component arrangements presented in the description below or illustrated in the drawings. Furthermore, it should be understood that the phraseology and terminology used in this document are for descriptive purposes only and should not be considered Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 8 / 46 5 / 34 limiting factors.

[0014] For a better understanding of the nature and advantages of the present disclosure, reference should be made to the following description and the accompanying figures. It should be understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to define the limits of the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, as a general rule and unless there is evidence to the contrary in the description, when elements in different figures use identical reference numbers, the elements are generally identical or at least similar in function or purpose. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an environment according to an exemplary modality.

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the service provider and various components of a carbon credit monitoring system.

[0017] Figure 3 is a flowchart of an exemplary method of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4 is a flowchart of another illustrative method of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 is a flowchart of yet another illustrative method of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 is a flowchart of an example method for pasture rotation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Patent Document No. US-20220192152-A1, the complete disclosure thereof, except for any definitions, disclaimers, disclaimers and inconsistencies, is incorporated herein in its entirety. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 9 / 46 6 / 34 total for reference purposes. A. Overview.

[0022] This disclosure is directed to systems and methods that change how livestock farmers manage their land and livestock, while providing a unique opportunity for carbon credit generation. Users can create virtual geographic fences around their pastures or grazing lands based on the boundaries of the land parcels they own or lease and on which they will graze their animals. This system provides a comprehensive and easy way for livestock farmers to monitor their livestock grazing patterns and calculate carbon sequestration. It should be understood that while some examples provided in this document may refer to specific types of animals, such as cattle, this disclosure is not so limited and can be applied to any type of livestock farming.

[0023] Livestock monitoring devices, which include at least location sensors and IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units), are attached to livestock grazing on pastures. These devices collect location data that can be used to estimate grazing activity data, which an example system uses to automatically generate inventory numbers for the animals in each pasture. By considering location data, time stamps, and additional livestock information such as age, weight, breed, and sex, the platform can accurately predict vegetation consumption by the animals.

[0024] The platform combines location data and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data to estimate grazing areas and vegetation reduction. This information, Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 10 / 46 7 / 34 combined with historical locations and movement data can be used to generate a heat map that visualizes grazing activities. Satellite imagery can be overlaid on these maps to further indicate vegetation indices and monitor grazing areas, as well as track changes in vegetation and forage quantity throughout the grazing season.

[0025] By determining factors such as grazing season length, vegetation type, and amount of carbon sequestered, livestock farmers can calculate the amount of carbon credits generated by their livestock. An example system allows livestock farmers to sell these carbon credits on the platform or on other external platforms, as a carbon credit exchange, generating an additional revenue stream and contributing to environmental sustainability.

[0026] Buyers, including companies and individuals, can bid on and acquire these carbon credits through the platform at a listed market price or offer. This allows companies to move from a negative carbon rating to a carbon-neutral rating in the public eye, consequently increasing the value of their shares. In short, current technology offers a comprehensive solution for livestock farmers to manage their land, monitor livestock, and generate carbon credits, promoting sustainability and environmental responsibility.

[0027] Systems and methods can be configured to guide livestock farmers through a double rotational grazing plan, verifying that proper practices are being followed with hardware such as Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 11 / 46 8 / 34 livestock monitoring devices and soil carbon sensors. This plan is applicable to most of the Midwest and West portions of the United States. Grazing dates may vary depending on the region and location in the world, but the ideal grazing periods for carbon sequestration are June 1 to July 15 for the first rotation and July 16 to October 14 for the second rotation in this area. More carbon is sequestered in cold climates, as high temperatures reduce the amount of carbon that can be sequestered. North Dakota, for example, is an example of a cold climate area that is suitable or ideal for carbon sequestration following these rotation dates.

[0028] The dual rotational grazing plan provided by the systems and methods guides livestock farmers in the process of implementing and verifying these practices using a combination of software and hardware, such as livestock monitoring devices and soil carbon sensors. An example plan involves two rotations: the first between June 1 and July 15 and the second between July 16 and October 14 (other dates may be used depending on the livestock and area). Grazing dates may vary depending on the region and location in the world. This approach is especially suitable for cold climates, such as those in North Dakota, where more carbon is sequestered.

[0029] In one example, during the first three years of rotational grazing on native prairie grass, the soil needs to accumulate a significant amount of mineral nitrogen to achieve measurable carbon increase results. Implementing this grazing practice for three years produces approximately 0.5 tons of carbon per 0.4 Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 12 / 46 9 / 34 hectare (1 acre), which is similar to the amount generated by single or seasonal grazing practices in native prairie grass. After three years of rotational grazing, the soil reaches a threshold of 45.36 kg (100 pounds) of mineral nitrogen per 0.4 hectare (1 acre) per year in a 61 cm (24 inch) deep soil sample, which builds up the carbon base.

[0030] Livestock monitoring devices can be attached to cows, heifers, steers, and bulls (but can be applied to any animal such as goats, sheep, bison, etc.) in the pasture to capture their feeding habits and verify recommended rotational grazing practices. These livestock monitoring devices can be used on calves, which can wear livestock monitoring devices for verification purposes. The platform also integrates with soil sensors and other devices to measure carbon sequestration, helping livestock farmers accurately monitor their progress.

[0031] The systems and methods provide various methods for measuring soil carbon content, including gas chromatograms, soil carbon analyzers, observational surveys, soil sampling, infrared spectroscopy, and remote sensing. Data from these measurements can be collected from various soil samples in different meadow areas, depending on factors such as soil types and environmental conditions.

[0032] Systems and methods can be used to assist in verifying the age and weight of livestock, which impacts their daily consumption and the rate of depletion of vegetation cover. Age can be determined using data from Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 13 / 46 10 / 34 livestock monitoring device, user input, third-party verification or image analysis, while weight can be measured using a scale linked to the livestock management system.

[0033] Systems and methods can also facilitate livestock rotation by controlling watering trough valves and gates, autonomously moving livestock to new pastures in search of water. This automation simplifies the process for livestock farmers, ensuring their livestock effectively follow the double grazing plan. In one embodiment, a pasture gate could be installed between pastures. The pasture gate could be equipped with a loudspeaker or horn that emits an audible sound. Livestock are directed by these sounds to move from one pasture to the next. Similar audible sounds could be used to warn livestock when water sources are full.

[0034] The systems and methods promote ecological management, guiding ranchers to adjust the timing of grass defoliation to the appropriate growth stage, which triggers the desired result of greater carbon sequestration. This approach contributes to healthier grasslands, improved soil health, and more suitable wildlife habitats, allowing ranchers to manage their livestock more efficiently and generate valuable carbon credits. B. Exemplary Telecommunications Networks.

[0035] Some embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in any telecommunications network capable of transmitting data, including voice data and other types of electronic data. Examples of telecommunications networks suitable for some embodiments of Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, p. 14 / 46 11 / 34 of this disclosure includes, but is not limited to, global computer networks (e.g., the Internet), wireless networks, cellular networks, satellite communication networks, cable communication networks (via cable modem), microwave communication networks, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), campus area networks (CANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and home networks (HANs). Some of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may communicate through a single telecommunications network or multiple telecommunications networks simultaneously. Various protocols may be used by electronic devices for communication, such as, but not limited to, HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). Some embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented in various wireless networks, such as, but not limited to, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, REFLEX, IDEN, TETRA, DECT, DATATAC, and MOBITEX. Some of the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may also be used with online services and internet service providers.

[0036] The Internet is an exemplary telecommunications network for the embodiments of the present disclosure. The Internet is composed of a global network of computers with a plurality of computer systems around the world that communicate with each other. Through the Internet, computer systems are able to transmit various types of data to each other. Communications between computer systems can be carried out by means of various methods, such as, but not limited to, wireless, Ethernet, cable, direct connection, telephone lines and satellite. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 15 / 46 12 / 34 C. Central Communication Unit.

[0037] The central communication unit may consist of any central communication site with which communications are preferentially established. Central communication units may consist of a server computer, a cloud-based computer, a virtual computer, a home computer, or other computing system capable of receiving and transmitting data via IP networks and telecommunications networks. As can be observed, a modem or other communication device may be required between each of the central communication units and the corresponding telecommunications networks. The central communication unit may consist of any electronic system capable of receiving and transmitting information (e.g., voice data, computer data, etc.). D. Mobile Device.

[0038] The mobile device may consist of any type of computer for the practice of the various aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the mobile device may be a personal computer (e.g., an APPLE®-based computer, an IBM-based or compatible computer) or a tablet-type computer (e.g., an iPad®). The mobile device may also consist of various other electronic devices capable of sending and receiving electronic data, including, but not limited to, smartphones, mobile phones, telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile electronic devices, portable wireless devices, two-way radios, smartphones, communicators, video viewing units, television units, receivers of Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 16 / 46 13 / 34 television, cable television receivers, pagers, communication devices and digital satellite receiving units.

[0039] The mobile device can be composed of any conventional computer. A conventional computer preferably includes a display screen (or monitor), a printer, a hard disk, a network interface, and a keyboard. A conventional computer also includes a microprocessor, a memory bus, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a peripheral bus, and a keyboard controller. The microprocessor is a general-purpose digital processor that controls the operation of the computer. The microprocessor can be a single-chip processor or implemented with multiple components. Using instructions retrieved from memory, the microprocessor controls the reception and manipulation of input data, as well as the output and display of data on output devices. The memory bus is used by the microprocessor to access RAM and ROM.RAM is used by the microprocessor as a general storage area and as scratch memory, and can also be used to store input data and processed data. ROM can be used to store instructions or program code followed by the microprocessor, as well as other data. A peripheral bus is used to access the input, output, and storage devices used by the computer. In the embodiments described, these devices include a display screen, a printing device, a hard disk drive, and a network interface. A keyboard controller is used to receive input from the keyboard and send decoded symbols. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 17 / 46 14 / 34 for each key pressed to the microprocessor via the bus. The keyboard is used by a user to enter commands and other instructions into the computer system. Other types of user input devices may also be used in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure. For example, pointing devices, such as a computer mouse, a scroll ball, a stylus pen, or a tablet computer, to manipulate a pointer on a computer system screen. The display screen is an output device that displays images of data supplied by the microprocessor via the peripheral bus or supplied by other computer components. The printing device, when operating as a printer, provides an image on a sheet of paper or similar surface. The hard disk drive may be used to store various types of data.The microprocessor, along with an operating system, operates to execute computer code and produce and use data. Computer code and data may reside in RAM, ROM, or a hard disk drive. Computer code and data may also reside on removable program media and be loaded or installed onto the computer system when needed. Removable program media include, for example, CD-ROMs, PC-Cards, USB drives, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes. The network interface circuit is used to send and receive data across a network connected to other computer systems. An interface card or similar device and appropriate microprocessor-implemented software may be used to connect the computer system to an existing network and transfer data according to standard protocols. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 18 / 46 15 / 34 E. EXEMPLARY MODALITIES

[0040] Figure 1 presents an overview of an exemplary environment that includes livestock 10 in a pasture or a series of pastures, although any other area that can be defined in terms of specific boundaries may be used. An exemplary area may include a meadow and the area may be owned or leased by a livestock farmer or other similar user. Livestock may graze in areas of the pasture(s), referred to as grazing areas.

[0041] The environment also includes a service provider 12 and each of the livestock farms 10 is associated with a livestock monitoring device 13. The service provider 12 can receive data from the livestock monitoring device via any wireless network. The data received from the livestock monitoring devices can be used for various use cases, such as carbon credit assessments, rotational grazing and the like, which will be described in more detail in this document.

[0042] In some modalities, pasture 11 is defined by a geographic fence 14, which is defined by a user, such as a livestock farmer. More broadly, the service provider 12 can enable livestock farmers to place calculated carbon credits on a carbon credit exchange (e.g., allowing buyers to bid and purchase carbon credits through the carbon credit exchange at a listed market price or offer). The service provider 12 can interact with a carbon credit exchange, where a livestock farmer can place available carbon credits for sale. The service provider 12 can host the carbon credit exchange on Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 19 / 46 16 / 34 some modalities. The service provider 12 may expose an application programming interface or other interface to the external environment.

[0043] Figure 2 schematically illustrates the service provider 12 as having a communication module 15, a processor and memory 16, a satellite imagery module 17, and a carbon credit market module 18. The service provider 12 is communicatively coupled to a carbon credit exchange 19 via a network, which may include any wired and / or wireless communication system. Users, such as livestock farmers, can access applications hosted on the service provider 12 with a user device 21, which may include a mobile device, laptop computer, server, or similar. As noted above, the service provider 12 receives data from the livestock monitoring device 13, which may include a location tracking unit 22 and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 23.In general, the livestock monitoring device 13 emits data such as location data, IMU data, and timestamps that indicate when livestock 10 entered and left pasture 11.

[0044] Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, initially, service provider 12 is configured to establish boundaries around the plot of land it owns or leases, and where its livestock will be located. The created geographic fence 14 will allow service provider 12 to automatically generate the number of acres of land (which can be converted into other measurements). This data can be entered by the user via Cartesian coordinates, GPS coordinates, plot information, or any other definition of Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 20 / 46 17 / 34 limit.

[0045] The inventory numbers of animals equipped with a livestock monitoring device 13 in each pasture are automatically generated by the service provider 12 based on received location data. This data is unique to the animal and can be recorded with date and time as the animal enters and leaves the pasture 11. This can be paired with other animal data, such as age, weight, breed, and sex, as a predictive metric of the amount of vegetation they typically consume. In some modalities, a subset of the animals is equipped with a livestock monitoring device 13. Inferences or estimates of herd behavior, such as grazing or water consumption, can be made by monitoring this subset. The total number of animals and their characteristics (age, weight, etc.)) are entered into service provider 12, which uses the same metrics / averages from the equipped animals to derive a pasture estimate and a carbon credit calculation for the herd.

[0046] Service provider 12 can use location data and IMU data obtained while the animal is feeding to determine the areas being grazed by livestock and where vegetation has decreased. Again, these grazing areas are within pasture 11 or a series of pastures. A combination of historical locations, movement data, and animal feeding activity can be used by service provider 12 to generate a heat map of where livestock have fed. These grazed areas can be marked by service provider 12, determining how much time was spent grazing at each location and Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 21 / 46 18 / 34 the acre / grazed land area quantities will be calculated by service provider 12. Again, this data can be calculated using location and IMU information obtained from livestock monitoring devices.

[0047] To ensure accuracy, the verification of the livestock's age and weight can be used by the service provider 12 to determine how much an animal eats daily and how quickly it depletes its grass cover. Age can be determined from IMU movement data or possibly from heart rate or blood oxidation levels, from the livestock monitoring device 13. Other verification methods include the date of birth entered by the user and verification of the activity level of a third-party livestock monitoring device 13 or a photo. An animal's weight is determined by a scale linked to the service provider 12 and associated with an individual tagged animal. The weight can be transmitted from a scale via Bluetooth to the livestock monitoring device 13, which then transmits the data to the service provider 12.In some cases, when livestock are scheduled to move to a new pasture, a gate may be automatically opened (and in some cases, an audible sound may be emitted, as noted above) by the service provider 12, and when all or a limited number of animals enter the new pasture, the gate will be automatically closed. These options are used in cases where double grazing is being implemented, as will be discussed in this document.

[0048] In addition to the output of the livestock monitoring device, service provider 12, using satellite imagery module 17, may optionally Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 22 / 46 19 / 34 use satellite imagery and overlay it onto satellite imagery maps to indicate vegetation indices, determine which areas have been grazed, and how much forage (e.g., vegetation) has been reduced. The service provider 12 can also monitor the pasture(s) over a grazing season to check if vegetation and forage quantities have increased.

[0049] In some modalities, the service provider can infer the length of the grazing season, for example, by the time animals spend in certain pastures (i.e., rotational, throughout the season) and by the type of vegetation present. In some cases, the type of vegetation can influence the amount of carbon sequestered. The service provider can determine how much land was grazed by how many animals during certain periods of the year, to determine a carbon credit calculation based on the amount of carbon sequestered on their premises by their livestock. Livestock farmers can then sell these credits they have created through the carbon credit exchange 19, which is a third-party exchange. Buyers (companies or individuals) can bid and buy these carbon credits at a listed market price or offer. In some cases, the carbon credit exchange can be hosted and controlled by the service provider 12.

[0050] In some modalities, the carbon calculations obtained by the service provider 12 can be enhanced using soil sensors or other implements. For example, soil sensors and other sensors that can be used to measure carbon. Livestock 10 equipped with the livestock monitoring device 13 can undergo a Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 23 / 46 20 / 34 gas sensor 45 and capture a gas measurement via short-range communication. The livestock monitoring device 13 can transmit them to the service provider 12. In addition, users with mobile devices can capture the readings, or a base station 24 can receive and transmit the readings if the base station 24 is within communication range of both the gas sensor 45 and the service provider 12. In some embodiments, the soil sensors can report the data via satellite / cellular communication.

[0051] In some embodiments, these soil sensors can be deployed along the pasture 11, dividing it into zones to obtain soil samples in different areas. The service provider 12 can obtain these sensor readings to measure carbon, even in large pastures covering thousands of acres. However, the number of soil sensors used may depend on soil types and other environmental factors.

[0052] Other ways of measuring carbon include, but are not limited to, the use of a gas chromatogram that measures carbon dioxide fluctuations at the surface. Another example includes a soil carbon analyzer or soil carbon meter. These devices are inserted into the soil at a certain depth and an electrical current is applied to the soil. The electrical resistance or conductivity is measured and used to calculate the soil carbon content. Some soil carbon analyzers are portable, automated systems that use near-infrared technology to measure soil carbon.

[0053] Another example of a method includes field surveys, in which the soil is visually assessed. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 24 / 46 21 / 34 regarding its color and texture, which may indicate the presence of organic matter and carbon in the soil. However, this method is subjective and may not provide accurate measurements. In another example, images can be obtained and uploaded / analyzed by the service provider 12.

[0054] In some cases, soil sampling can be used, which involves collecting soil samples from different depths and analyzing their carbon content in the laboratory. The most common laboratory methods for measuring soil carbon are dry combustion, wet oxidation, and loss on ignition. These methods involve burning or oxidizing the organic matter in the soil sample and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide released.

[0055] Yet another example involves the use of infrared spectroscopy, which uses an infrared beam to detect the carbon content in soil samples. This is a fast and non-destructive method that can be used in the field. It involves passing infrared light through a soil sample and measuring the absorption of light by organic carbon molecules.

[0056] Another example includes remote sensing using satellite or aerial imagery to measure soil carbon content. Service provider 12 can use this data to verify soil vegetation cover (check if these grazing practices are being implemented on native grasslands). Service provider 12 can determine vegetation cover, soil composition, and stocking rate data from government agencies and / or other external data repositories or information sources. A database can also be used to provide the initial conditions of Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 25 / 46 22 / 34 solo and check for improvements later.

[0057] Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary method of the present disclosure. The method may include a step 25 of creating a geographic fence around a pasture, based on parcel boundaries. For example, a livestock farmer may access an application provided by service provider 12 and use a graphical user interface to enter parcel boundaries. These parcel boundaries may be in any format that designates the physical space. Once the physical space is defined, the method may include a step 26 of converting the parcel boundaries into an area measure.

[0058] The method may then include a step 27 of attaching a livestock monitoring device to each livestock herd that will be grazed in the area defined by the plot boundaries (this may include only marking a portion of the livestock herd and inferring information about the entire herd from the data collected from that portion). The livestock monitoring device is capable of detecting the location and also includes an IMU. To ensure accuracy, other sensors may also be added to the livestock monitoring device. The livestock are then allowed to graze in the pasture. Sometimes, grazing occurs during a grazing season.

[0059] In one example, the livestock monitoring device can be applied to cows, heifers, steers, and bulls in pasture, capturing where the cattle are feeding with IMU data and verifying if the cattle are transferred to new pastures within the suggested timeframes. The livestock monitoring device can be used for all calves. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, p. 26 / 46 23 / 34

[0060] The method may include a step 28 of receiving output from livestock monitoring devices attached to each livestock grazing in the pasture. In some cases, the livestock monitoring devices comprise a location tracking unit and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), as noted above. The method may also include a step 29 of automatically generating livestock inventory numbers using results from the livestock monitoring devices. To be sure, the output includes location data and timestamps indicating when the livestock entered and left the pasture. As mentioned in this document, each livestock monitoring device can generate a unique code that is indicative of a specific animal. The service provider can then link the data from a given livestock monitoring device to a given animal.

[0061] Using the received data, the method may include a step 30 of estimating pasture vegetation consumption by livestock from inventory numbers and output from the livestock monitoring device. This data can also be used to track how well livestock are grazing, as well as using the data to determine carbon credits or other uses. In some cases, this may include combining inventory numbers with additional livestock data as a predictive metric of vegetation consumption. Other attributes may include, but are not limited to, age, sex, weight, breed, and so on. Each of these parameters can affect the estimate of how much vegetation is being consumed by a specific animal.

[0062] Figure 4 is another method of the present Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 27 / 46 24 / 34 disclosure. The method may include a step 31 of using location data and IMU data from the livestock monitoring device to indicate grazing areas within the pasture. The method may also include a step 32 of estimating where vegetation has decreased over a grazing season. This estimation is possible because the location data and IMU data are granular enough to allow the service provider to determine the areas within the pasture that are being grazed. Again, the area defined by the parcel boundaries may be hundreds or thousands of acres in some cases.

[0063] The method may also include a step 33 of generating a heat map of grazing activities based on historical locations and movement data. Again, this is possible through the collection of location data and IMU data. In an optional step 34, the method may include the use of satellite imagery to determine vegetation indices and grazed areas, as well as a step 35 of monitoring vegetation and forage quantities throughout a grazing season using satellite imagery. This may include overlaying satellite imagery obtained from the land parcel before and after a grazing season to infer vegetation and forage quantities.

[0064] Regarding vegetation indices, these are generally obtained by linear or non-linear combination operations on remote sensing reflectance data in the red and near-infrared (NIR), which are simple and effective parameters for characterizing vegetation cover and growth status (of plants / grasses). A Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 28 / 46 25 / 34 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) satellite image generation is a commonly used satellite image generation tool. NDVI assists in predicting fire zones, extracting information about vegetation health, assessing moisture conditions, and so on.

[0065] Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method for calculating and selling carbon credits. The method may include a step 36 to determine the length of the grazing season and the amount of carbon sequestered based on location data, time stamps, and additional animal data. As noted above, additional animal data may include any parameters, biometric or otherwise, that are descriptive of a specific animal.

[0066] The method may include a step 37 of calculating carbon credits based on the amount of carbon sequestered. After calculating the carbon credits, the method includes a step 38 of placing the calculated carbon credits on an external platform for the sale of carbon credits. Again, this platform does not need to be external, but may be controlled by the service provider. In some cases, the method includes a step 39 of allowing buyers to bid on and purchase carbon credits through the platform at a listed market price or offer.

[0067] Figure 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary method for double grazing that can be implemented through an application at the service provider level, as an example. For reference, some exemplary grazing periods will be discussed. These time periods are not limiting in any way. For example, a method of Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 29 / 46 26 / 34 double grazing can occur over a period from June 1st to July 15th for a first rotation and from July 16th to October 14th for a second rotation. Thus, the method includes a step of determining a first grazing rotation and a second grazing rotation. The rotations are geographically determined in certain areas. For example, these time periods apply to areas from Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean and from Nebraska to Manitoba. These dates are based on the amount of sunlight per day. Of course, the ideal grazing dates may vary depending on the region and location in the world.

[0068] To provide context, more carbon is sequestered in cold climates, and warm temperatures sequester less carbon. The method could include a step 41 of rotating animals to new pastures at a specified interval (e.g., every seven to 15 days for defoliation of vegetation) between a third leaf stage and the flowering growth stage. Again, this is just an example. To be sure, rotational grazing practices may need to be practiced for three years before significant amounts of carbon can be sequestered. The first three years of rotational grazing on native grasses produce about 0.5 tons of carbon per 0.4 hectare (1 acre). Long-term, once-per-season grazing practices on native grasses also produce about 0.5 tons of carbon per 0.4 hectare (1 acre). Thus, the method includes a step 42 of performing double rotation for a period of at least three years.

[0069] A specific overgrazing process involves native grass, which is a perennial plant. Once Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, pp. 30 / 46 27 / 34 Steam tillage is performed on the soil, the perennial root system is removed, and the soil can only support annual crops; native grass can never again be restored and grown in that soil. There are so many organisms and nutrients in the soil that grow and feed on each other that the composition may not be restored to support perennial native grass again.

[0070] After three years of rotational grazing, the soil reaches the threshold of 45.36 kg (100 pounds) of mineral nitrogen per 0.4 hectare (1 acre) per year in a 61 cm (24 inch) deep soil sample, which is what forms the carbon base. Approximately 430.91 kg (950 pounds) of soil organisms per 0.4 hectare (1 acre) yield 45.36 kg (100 pounds) of mineral nitrogen. Soil organisms can be converted from organic nitrogen to mineral nitrogen.

[0071] To sequester carbon, carbon can enter soil aggregates. The method may include a step 43 of allowing a stocking rate of 100% during the first to third year of rotational grazing. The method includes a step 44 of increasing the stocking rate by 10% for the next three years, raising the stocking rate to 140% in the seventh year. Furthermore, in the fourth year of rotational grazing on native grasslands, approximately 1.5 to 2.2 tons of carbon per 0.4 hectare (1 acre) are sequestered by the soil.

[0072] It will be understood that May, June, and July are the peak carbon months and there is a downward trend in August, September, and October, forming a bell-shaped curve. Nitrogen is typically highest in the month of May. It will be understood that, to measure mineral nitrogen, the Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, page 31 / 46 28 / 34 nitrate and ammonium measurements can be obtained and summed. Silt has more carbon, but it must be in aggregated soil. Adding fertilizer can kill native grasses as it accelerates compounding and makes soil carbon appear high initially, but causes damage over time. In one embodiment, fertilizer use and its effects can be determined from soil sensors and satellite imagery as well. If livestock farmers use fertilizers, we would penalize them or reduce their carbon credits. Regarding soil sampling, an exemplary process includes obtaining four or more data points per soil sample in a tube with precisely 2.54 centimeters (one inch) in diameter and the following dimensions: 0-7.62 centimeters (0-3 inches), 7.62-15.24 centimeters (3-6 inches), 15.24-30.48 centimeters (6-12 inches), 30.48-61 centimeters (12-24 inches).

[0073] To enable the livestock farmer to utilize and track this pasture rotation process, the service provider can generate various graphical user interfaces that allow the user to input specific information about their pasture, as well as collect information from livestock monitoring devices. The service provider can transmit messages to a livestock farmer's computing device, reminding them to move livestock from one area to another over the years to generate carbon credits. The service provider can provide mechanisms to track and calculate the carbon credits and put them up for sale on an exchange. F. EXAMPLE OF A USE CASE

[0074] A farmer has 140 cows, 10 bulls and Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, pp. 32 / 46 29 / 34 150 calves, each equipped with livestock handling devices. The rancher has 2,023.4 hectares (5,000 acres) of land in western North Dakota planted with native prairie grass. The rancher rotationally grazes the cattle in five pastures and grazes all five pastures between June 1 and July 15 of the year, and then grazes them a second time between July and October 14. The rancher qualifies for a rotational grazing carbon capture amount of 0.5 t (tons) per 0.4 hectare (1 acre) during the first three years of the practice and 1.5-2.2 t per 0.4 hectare (1 acre) each subsequent year for continued practice. Data on feeding locations and feeding patterns of their livestock determine that only 809.3 hectares (2000 acres) were actually grazed where native prairie grass was consumed. Again, this can be determined from the results of livestock monitoring devices and / or the use of satellite imagery.In this case, in the first year, the rancher would receive a payment for 809.3 hectares (2,000 acres) x 0.5 t of carbon (per 0.4 hectare (1 acre)), which is equivalent to a carbon credit of 1,000 t. The rancher then uses the service provider to list the 1,000 t of carbon verified by the service provider at a fixed rate of US$80 / t. A buyer purchases all or part of the carbon credits for US$80,000, so that they can move from a carbon-negative to a carbon-neutral rating in the eyes of the public, which, in turn, increases the value of their shares.

[0075] Any and all titles are for convenience only and have no limiting effect. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, pp. 33 / 46 30 / 34 in this document have the same meaning commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although specific terms are employed in this document, they are used only in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. All patent applications, patents and printed publications cited in this document are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference, except for any definitions, disclaimers or disclaimers of subject matter and, except to the extent that the incorporated material is inconsistent with the express disclosure herein, in which case the language in this disclosure shall prevail.

[0076] The data structures and code described in this detailed description are typically stored on a computer-readable storage medium, which may be any device or medium that can store code and / or data for use by a computer system. This includes, but is not limited to, magnetic and optical storage devices such as disk drives, magnetic tapes, CDs (compact discs), DVDs (digital video discs), and computer instruction signals embedded in a transmission medium (with or without a carrier wave on which the signals are modulated). For example, the transmission medium may include a telecommunications network such as the Internet.

[0077] It will be understood that one or more blocks of block diagrams and flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and flowcharts, respectively, may be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Similarly, some blocks of the diagrams of Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, pp. 34 / 46 31 / 34 Blocks and flowcharts may not necessarily need to be executed in the order presented or may not necessarily need to be executed at all, according to some embodiments of the invention. These computer-executable program instructions can be loaded into a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a specific machine, such that the instructions executed on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing device create means to implement one or more functions specified in the flowchart block(s).These computer program instructions can also be stored in computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured article including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the block(s) of the flow diagram. As an example, embodiments of the invention may provide a computer program product comprising a computer-usable means containing computer-readable program code or program instructions embodied therein, the computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the block(s) of the flow diagram.Computer program instructions can also be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing device to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a result. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, pp. 35 / 46 32 / 34 process implemented by computer, such that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide elements or steps to implement the functions specified in the block(s) of the flow diagram. Consequently, the blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means to execute the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps to execute the specified functions, and means of program instruction to execute the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, can be implemented by computer systems based on special-purpose hardware that perform the specified functions, elements, or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0078] The present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential attributes; therefore, it is desirable that the present embodiment be considered, in all respects, as illustrative and not restrictive. Many modifications and other embodiments of the present disclosure will come to mind of a person skilled in the art to which this invention relates and who has the benefit of the teachings set forth in the preceding description and associated drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments should be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in practice or testing. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, pp. 36 / 46 33 / 34 of the embodiments described in this document, suitable methods and materials are described above. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown, but should have a broader scope, consistent with the principles and characteristics disclosed in this document.

[0079] Although various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented only by way of example and not as a limitation. The descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the technology to the specific forms set forth herein. Rather, the present descriptions are intended to encompass alternatives, modifications, and equivalents that may be included within the spirit and scope of the technology as defined by the appended claims and otherwise understood to be common to skill in the art. The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be incorporated into other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and therefore it is desirable that the various embodiments in the present disclosure be regarded in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.Thus, the breadth and scope of a preferred modality should not be limited by any of the exemplary modalities described above.

[0080] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this document have the same meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. All patent applications, patents and printed publications cited in this document are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference, except for any Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, pp. 37 / 46 34 / 34 definitions, disclaimers or disclaimers of subject matter, and except to the extent that the incorporated material is inconsistent with the express disclosure in this document, in which case the language of this disclosure prevails. Any headings used in the description are for convenience only and have no legal or limiting effect. Petition 870250108384, dated 11 / 26 / 2025, pp. 38 / 46

Claims

1 / 4 CLAIMS 1. A system characterized by comprising: a livestock monitoring device, comprising a location tracking unit and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), configured to be attached to livestock grazing in a pasture; a service provider configured to: enable a user to create a geographic fence around the pasture, based on lot boundaries; automatically generate livestock inventory numbers using output from the livestock monitoring device, wherein the output from the livestock monitoring device comprises location data and timestamps that are indicative of when the livestock entered and left the pasture; and estimate vegetation consumption in the pasture by livestock from the inventory numbers and the output from the livestock monitoring device.

2. System, according to claim 1, characterized in that the service provider is configured to use location data and IMU data from the livestock monitoring device to determine grazed areas and estimate where vegetation has decreased due to the presence of livestock.

3. System, according to claim 2, characterized in that the service provider is configured to generate a heat map of grazing activities based on location data and IMU data.

4. System, according to claim 3, characterized in that the service provider additionally comprises a satellite imagery module configured to obtain satellite imagery and use the satellite imagery to determine vegetation indices and grazing areas.

5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the satellite imagery module is configured to monitor the amounts of vegetation and forage throughout a grazing season.

6. System, according to claim 5, characterized in that the service provider is configured to determine a grazing season duration, a type of vegetation in the pasture, and an amount of carbon sequestered.

7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the service provider is configured to calculate carbon credits based on the amount of carbon sequestered.

8. System, according to claim 7, characterized in that the service provider further comprises a carbon credit market module configured to enable farmers to place calculated carbon credits on a carbon credit exchange.

9. System, according to claim 8, characterized in that the carbon credit market module is configured to enable buyers to make offers and purchase carbon credits through carbon credit exchange at a listed market price or offer.

10. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the service provider combines inventory figures with additional livestock data as a predictive metric for vegetation consumption.

11. Method characterized by comprising: Petition 870250095100, of 10 / 17 / 2025, page 12 / 17 3 / 4 creating a geographic fence around a pasture, based on the lot boundaries; receiving output from a livestock monitoring device attached to each livestock grazing on the pasture, wherein the livestock monitoring device comprises a location tracking unit and an inertial measurement unit (IMU); automatically generating livestock inventory numbers or a portion of livestock inventory numbers, using output from the livestock monitoring device, wherein the output from the livestock monitoring device comprises location data and timestamps that are indicative of when the livestock entered and left the pasture; and estimating vegetation consumption in the pasture by livestock from the inventory numbers and the output from the livestock monitoring device.

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized by further comprising: using location data and IMU data from the livestock monitoring device to indicate grazed areas; and estimating where vegetation has decreased over a grazing season.

13. Method, according to claim 12, characterized by further comprising generating a heat map of grazing activities based on historical locations and movement data.

14. Method, according to claim 13, characterized by further comprising using satellite imagery to determine vegetation indices and grazed areas. Petition 870250095100, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 13 / 17 4 / 4 15. Method according to claim 14, characterized by further comprising monitoring vegetation and forage quantities throughout a grazing season using satellite imagery.

16. Method, according to claim 15, characterized by further comprising determining a grazing season duration, a vegetation type and an amount of carbon sequestered based on location data, timestamps and additional animal data.

17. Method according to claim 16, characterized by further comprising calculating carbon credits based on the amount of carbon sequestered by livestock farming.

18. Method, according to claim 17, characterized by further comprising placing the calculated carbon credits on an external platform for the sale of carbon credits.

19. Method, according to claim 18, characterized by further comprising enabling buyers to bid on and purchase carbon credits through the platform at a listed market price or offer.

20. Method, according to claim 11, characterized by further comprising combining inventory numbers with additional livestock data as a predictive metric of vegetation consumption. Petition 870250095100, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 14 / 17

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