Mobile defibrillator device

Description

43 Mobile Defibrillator Device - Cross-Reference to Related Orders

[001] This request claims priority over the Request of U.S. Patent No. 18 / 302,113, filed April 18, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BASIS OF THE DESCRIPTION

[002] Sudden cardiac arrest (e.g., heart failure) can involve abrupt loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness. In many cases, the condition can result from an electrical disturbance in the heart that interrupts its pumping function, which can stop blood flow in the body. In the United States alone, it is estimated that about three hundred thousand people die of cardiac arrest outside of hospitals every year. SUMMARY OF DESCRIPTION

[003] According to one aspect of the present description, a mobile defibrillator system may include a mobile defibrillator unit (AED) configured to connect operationally to a device capable of running an application. The mobile AED unit may include a circuitry for delivering an electric shock to an individual; and one or more pads. Each pad may include one or more needles electrically connected to the circuitry and may be configured to pierce the individual's skin; remain inside the individual; and deliver current from the electric shock to the individual.

[004] In some embodiments, one or more needles may include a metallic material. In some embodiments, one or more needles may be curved. In some embodiments, one or more needles may be curved away from the individual. In some embodiments, one or more needles may be configured to remain within the individual's subcutaneous tissue. In some embodiments, one or more Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 12 / 77 / 43. The pads may be foldable. In some embodiments, one or more needles may be configured to be activated in response to an indication received from the device. In some embodiments, the indication may be generated based on the detection of an impedance between one or more pads and the individual above a predefined threshold.

[005] According to another aspect of the present description, a mobile defibrillator system may include a mobile defibrillator unit (AED) configured to operatively connect to a device capable of running an application and operating as a primary power source for the mobile AED. The mobile AED unit may include a set of circuits to administer an electric shock to an individual; one or more pads configured to adhere to the individual for administration of the electric shock; a primary charging port; and a secondary charging port. The device, through one or more processors, may be configured to switch from a primary power source at the primary charging port to a secondary power source at the secondary charging port during a defibrillation procedure.

[006] In some embodiments, the device, through one or more processors, can be configured to determine that a battery level of the first power supply is below a predefined threshold; display a query on the device; in response to the display of the query, receive an indication that the second power supply is near a user; detect that the second power supply is within a predefined proximity; and, in response to the detection that the second power supply is within the predefined proximity, initiate a power supply switching process. In some embodiments, the power supply switching process may include initiating a data transfer between the device and the second power supply; performing a handshake between the device and the second power supply; receiving a Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 13 / 77 / 43 indicating that the second power source is connected to the second charging port; and continue the defibrillation procedure.

[007] In some embodiments, the power source switching process may include returning to the device to power the mobile AED in response to an error. In some embodiments, the detection that the second power source is within the predefined proximity may be performed via Bluetooth, NFC, or Wi-Fi. In some embodiments, the detection that the second power source is within the predefined proximity may include receiving a position, version, and capacity of the second power source; analyzing the position, version, and capacity of the second power source; determining that the second power source is acceptable; and transmitting an alert to the second power source.

[008] According to another aspect of the present description, a mobile defibrillator system may include a mobile defibrillator unit (AED) configured to connect operationally to a device capable of running an application and operating as a power source for the mobile AED. The mobile AED unit may include a set of circuits for administering an electric shock to an individual, which may include a charge controller, a detection line bias circuit, a current detection resistor, a switch, a transformer, and a capacitor; and one or more pads configured to adhere to the individual for electric shock administration.

[009] In some embodiments, the charge controller can be configured to control the sensing line bias circuit with a pulse-width modulated waveform. In some embodiments, the current sensing resistor can be configured to monitor a current flowing through the switch and transformer. In some embodiments, the charge controller can be configured to turn off the Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 14 / 77 / 43 switch in response to the current sensing resistor measuring a voltage above a preset limit. In some embodiments, the preset limit may be 78 mV. In some embodiments, a transformer current limit may be greater than 2 amperes.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present description, a mobile defibrillator (AED) device may include a mobile AED unit configured to operationally connect to a device capable of running an application. The mobile AED unit may include one or more electrodes and may be configured to measure respiratory data from an individual. The device may be configured to, through one or more processors running on the device, detect a connection of the mobile AED unit to the device; detect that one or more electrodes have been connected to the individual; receive ECG measurements of the individual recorded by the electrodes; receive respiratory data measured from the AED unit, the respiratory data being associated with respiratory movements of the individual's chest; receive wearable data from a wearable device associated with the individual; analyze the respiratory data to determine a respiratory pattern of the individual;To determine, based on received ECG measurements, wearable data, and determined respiratory pattern, that the individual needs an electric shock; to determine shock pattern factors based on received ECG measurements, wearable data, and determined respiratory pattern, the shock pattern factors comprising a duration, a time interval, and an energy level; and to administer the electric shock to the individual using the determined shock pattern factors via the mobile AED based on the determination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0011] Several objectives, characteristics and advantages of the subject matter described can be more fully understood with reference to the following detailed description of the subject matter described, when considered in connection with Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 15 / 77 / 43, the following drawings, in which the same reference numbers identify identical elements.

[0012] The drawings are not necessarily to scale, nor do they include all the elements of a system; instead, emphasis is placed on illustrating the concepts, structures, and techniques that this document seeks to protect.

[0013] Figure 1 is an example of a mobile automated external defibrillator (AED) system according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0014] Figure 2 is an example of a circuit diagram of a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0015] Figures 3A-3D show various charging configurations of a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0016] Figure 4 is a block diagram of a mobile AED device system according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0017] Figure 5 shows an example pad for use with a portable AED according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0018] Figure 6 is a decision flowchart for selecting a power source for a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0019] Figure 7 is a mobile switching controller decision flowchart according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0020] Figure 8 is a process for loading a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0021] Figure 9 is a process for loading a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0022] Figure 10 shows the voltage (y-axis) as a function of time. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 16 / 77 / 43 (x-axis) on the electrodes / pads according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0023] Figure 11 shows an example circuit architecture according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0024] Figure 12 is an example process for using a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0025] Figure 13 is an example server device that can be used within the system of Figure 4, according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0026] Figure 14 is an example computing device that can be used within the system of Figures 1 and / or 3, according to some embodiments of the present description.

[0027] A person skilled in the art will understand that the elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated in relation to other elements in order to facilitate understanding of the modalities of the present description.

[0028] The structural components of the safety system have been represented, where appropriate, by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present description, so as not to obscure the description with details that will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, in view of the benefit of the description presented here. DESCRIPTION

[0029] The detailed description below is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the invention or its applications.

[0030] The availability of public defibrillators or Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 17 / 77 / 43 Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can have a significant impact on the survival of people suffering cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest victims who receive an electric shock from a publicly available AED have much higher survival rates. For every minute without cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the chance of death can increase by ten percent.

[0031] The embodiments of the present description refer to a mobile AED that can be controlled by means of the processing power of an external device, such as a smartphone, tablet, laptop, watch, vehicle entertainment system, etc. The mobile AED of the present description may be smaller and more widely available than any previous attempts. Anyone who has access to devices that have microphones, speakers, data storage, and power sources can use it. The pads / electrodes used in conjunction with the mobile AED may include accelerometers, and the defibrillator unit may include an electric shock circuit. This can create a more easily transportable and versatile mobile AED.

[0032] In some embodiments, the mobile AED of the present description may be used in accordance with various advantageous charging and communication techniques. For example, the described mobile AED may be operable to perform wireless charging as well as reverse wireless charging (e.g., wireless charging from a mobile device). Furthermore, the described mobile AED may include a redundant (i.e., additional) charging port that may allow for greater power redundancy. Additionally, various power selection processing techniques may be used to change a primary power source of the mobile AED during operation, which may provide advantageous benefits such as preventing a mobile AED from running out of power during a critical phase of a resuscitation process. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 18 / 77 / 43

[0033] In addition, the mobile AED of some modalities of the present description may include one or more pads / electrodes comprising needles configured to pierce the individual's skin during defibrillation, which may offer several benefits such as less skin resistance and better fixation between the individual and the pads. This may also reduce the need for energy at the wrist, thereby reducing the need for / size of the AED capacitor.

[0034] In some embodiments, the mobile AED of the present description may be used in accordance with an advantageous processing technique capable of detecting and reading the individual's heartbeat while the AED is being charged. This allows a shock to be administered to the individual earlier, which may increase the likelihood of survival.

[0035] In some embodiments, the mobile AED of the present description may be used in accordance with an advantageous charging technique that allows for faster charging of the AED. This may be termed a residual charging technique, utilizing the residual charge in the AED capacitor from a previous shock to assist in reaching the energy level required for a subsequent shock.

[0036] Figure 1 is an example of a mobile AED system 100, according to some embodiments of the present description. The mobile AED system 100 may include a defibrillator unit 102 connected in a removable manner, via a connection 103, to a device 101. The defibrillator unit 102 may include a set of circuits configured to generate specific pulses or shocks to be administered to a patient for the treatment of cardiac arrest victims (see Figure 2). Note that although the device 101 is a smartphone in this illustration of the mobile AED system 100, this is not limiting. The device 101 may be other devices with an operating system capable of running an application, Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 19 / 77 / 43 such as a tablet, laptop, computer, watch, or vehicle entertainment system. In some embodiments, connection 103 may include a USB-C connection or other similar connections. Connection 103, when connecting device 101 and defibrillator unit 102, may allow the defibrillator unit 102 to be controlled via a user interface and an application on device 101. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may optionally include an additional connection port for a power bank 104 (e.g., portable charger, wall outlet, etc.), which may also be a USB-C port, but may be different from the port for connection 103.

[0037] The defibrillator unit 102 may include an additional port for connection to a wire 105; the wire 105 may act as a means by which shocks determined and / or generated by the circuitry within the defibrillator 102 may be transferred to the pads 106a-b. The pads 106a-b may be any standard defibrillator pads known in the art and may be configured to adhere to a patient's body and function as electrodes to conduct current to the person's body from the defibrillator unit 102. In some embodiments, the pads 106 may also be the pads described in relation to Figure 5. In some embodiments, the pads 106a-b may also include accelerometers.In some modes, the 106a-b pads may also include more intelligent detection equipment, such as a circuitry for ultrasonic blood flow detection and / or optical sensors for oxygen saturation, which can be particularly useful in self-rescue procedures. In some modes, when the defibrillator unit 102 is connected or coupled to the device 101, a user can connect to a video assistant specialist 107. In some modes, a team of specialists can work on demand and communicate with a device user. For example, if someone... Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 20 / 77 / 43 If someone suddenly suffers cardiac arrest, a nearby person can connect the defibrillator unit 102 to the device 101, access the application (or the application can open automatically in response to the connection), and select an option to immediately join a video session with a specialist, who can assist the person in administering a shock and / or performing CPR on the victim. In some modes, a person can also, through the application on device 101, connect to emergency services (e.g., call 911 (North American Numbering Plan emergency number)). In some modes, the application on device 101 can be configured to be remotely controlled by emergency personnel or a mobile AED specialist.This may allow emergency personnel, once the defibrillator unit 102 is controlled by the application on the device 101, to effectively control and deliver electric shocks to an individual connected to the defibrillator unit 102. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may be configured to receive power from 220 V power supplies or outlets, or from 12 V outlets in a vehicle.

[0038] In some embodiments, the 102 defibrillator unit can be integrated into a vehicle. For example, the 102 defibrillator unit can be fully integrated, with the only visible part being the pads with long wires (4 m or more), or it can be a modular 102 defibrillator unit similar to the original device, which can be connected to a mobile phone or the car's application. This will make the 102 defibrillator unit more accessible for use in various situations.

[0039] In some embodiments, the mobile AED system 100 of Figure 1 may be the same as or similar to the devices described in U.S. Patents Nos. 11,173,315 and 11,439,837, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 21 / 77 / 43

[0040] In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may include a circuit design that allows for the safe preservation of charge within the capacitor, enabling the charging process described in Figure 8. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 may include redundant charging ports, such as those consistent with the charging configurations described in relation to Figures 3A-3D.

[0041] In some embodiments, the application on device 101 can also be configured to receive data from external devices connected to the user's device 101, such as a smartwatch or other similar device that monitors the individual. For example, a person's smartwatch can continuously monitor their heart rate and transmit this information to the user's device 101. In these embodiments, the effect of defibrillation can be enhanced by using the smartwatch signals in addition to the pads 106a-b. The application 304 can be configured to monitor and analyze the individual's heart rate and potentially identify and / or detect dangerous rhythms (e.g., rapid ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or other rhythm indicators that a neural network has been trained to detect).In response to the detection of a dangerous rhythm, the application can be configured to notify the individual via the 101 device and instruct them to connect their mobile AED and pads and potentially initiate a self-rescue protocol.

[0042] Furthermore, the application on device 101 can be configured to, through one or more processors on mobile device 101, execute the processing techniques described in relation to Figures 6 and 7 for selecting a power source and for performing a mobile controller switching operation.

[0043] Figure 2 is an example of a circuit diagram 200 of a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description. The Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 22 / 77 / 43. Circuit 200 may be included within the defibrillator unit 102 of Figure 1. In some embodiments, circuit 200 may include a charger 201, switches 202 and 203, an inductor 204, a resistor 205, a through resistor 206, and a capacitor 207. In some embodiments, the through resistor 206 may represent the resistance existing in a person's body between pads 106a and 106b while they are connected. When switches 202 and 203 are in a left-facing position (as shown in Figure 2), charger 201 can charge capacitor 207. In some embodiments, charger 201 may represent the battery of a connected device (e.g., device 101 in Figure 1), an external power bank (e.g., power bank 104 in Figure 1), or a combination of both.Switches 202 and 203 can be controlled via logic within device 101 and via the application that a user can navigate on device 101. For example, the application can determine a time when a shock (e.g., current / energy pulse) should be administered to the patient, and to administer the shock, switches 202 and 203 move to the right-facing position (not shown in Figure 2), which can allow current to flow from capacitor 207 through the patient, inductor 204, and resistor 205. The current, flowing through the patient's heart, can serve to resuscitate the individual until paramedics or other emergency response teams can stabilize them. In some modes, circuit 200 can be configured to deliver pulses of up to 200-360 J or more repeatedly for up to an hour or even 90 minutes or more.

[0044] Figures 3A-3D show various charging configurations of a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description. The defibrillator unit 102 may include a redundant (i.e., secondary) charging port. In some embodiments, the redundant charging port may be a secondary and / or USB-C port. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 23 / 77 / 43, provides wireless charging capability. Furthermore, the 102 defibrillator unit can be configured to be fully redundant in terms of power supply.

[0045] Figure 3A shows the defibrillator unit 102 being charged by a mobile device 101 via a USB-C connection cable connected to one of its charging ports. Figure 3B shows the defibrillator unit 102 being charged by a mobile device 101 via a charging port or via an external battery charger through the secondary charging port. Figure 3C shows the defibrillator unit 102 being charged by a mobile device 101 via a charging port or via a second charging port from a second mobile device 101.

[0046] The 3D Figure shows the defibrillator unit 102 receiving a charge from a mobile device 101 wirelessly. In some embodiments, the defibrillator unit 102 is configured to be wirelessly powered by wireless charging using the Qi standard. In some embodiments, this wireless charging can be performed by either a Qi charging device (not shown) or a mobile phone with reverse wireless charging. The Qi standard is generally known as an open interface standard that performs wireless power transfer via inductive charging over distances of up to approximately 4 cm and is compatible with various manufacturers. For example, there are currently about eighty phone models available that support reverse wireless charging, allowing the phone to charge other devices (e.g., smartphone, smartwatch, smart bracelet, or the present defibrillator unit 102).

[0047] In some models, the 102 defibrillator unit may include USB-C cable charging, wireless charging, or both. The Petition 870250095133, 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 24 / 77 / 43 Wireless charging currently supports up to approximately 10 W for reverse wireless charging or up to 80 W or more for Qi-compatible devices, although this is likely to increase in the near future. In some embodiments, the Defibrillator Unit 102 may include redundant charging terminals (e.g., a secondary USB-C port or wireless charging capabilities). If the Defibrillator Unit 102 is at risk of running out of power (i.e., if the device charging or powering it is about to run out), a secondary power source can be connected to continue charging and continue the defibrillation process. The power switching selection process is described in relation to Figures 6 and 7. In some embodiments, the power charging capabilities may also be USB 3.2 or USB 4.0.

[0048] Figure 4 is a 400 block diagram of a mobile AED device system according to some embodiments of the present description. In some embodiments, the 400 system may include a plurality of 402a-n user devices (generically referred to as 402 user devices) communicatively coupled to the 410 server device via a 408 network. Note that the 400 system includes two 402a-n user devices for illustrative purposes only, but any number of user devices may be included within the system of the present description.

[0049] In some embodiments, the 408 network may include one or more wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), local area networks (LANs), personal area networks (PANs), or any combination of these networks. The 408 network may include a combination of one or more network types, such as the Internet, intranet, Ethernet, twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optics, cellular, satellite, IEEE 801.11, Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 25 / 77 / 43 terrestrial and / or other types of wired or wireless networks. The 408 network may also use standard communication technologies and / or protocols.

[0050] In some embodiments, a user device 402 may be similar to or the same as device 101 in Figure 1. For example, a user device 402 may include a smartphone, tablet, laptop, watch, vehicle entertainment system, or a combination of similar types of devices that can run a software application and use an operating system. A user device 402 may include one or more computing devices capable of receiving user input, as well as transmitting and / or receiving data over the network 408 or communicating with the server device 410. In some embodiments, a user device 402 may include a conventional computer system, such as a desktop or laptop computer. Alternatively, a user device 402 may include a device with computing functionality, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or other suitable device.Additionally, each user device 402 may include an application 404 installed specifically for use in conjunction with a connected mobile AED 406. The application 404 may include software instructions, which may be stored on a non-transient computer read-only medium and which, when executed by a processor (e.g., a processor within the user device 402), may perform various processes related to delivering shocks like an AED and reading ECGs in conjunction with a mobile AED 406.

[0051] In some embodiments, application 404 may include additional instructions for reading the patient's heartbeat while the defibrillator unit 406 is being charged. Instead of reading and analyzing the heartbeat and then waiting until the device is fully charged, as conventional AED devices do, the embodiments described may simultaneously implement the capability to Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 26 / 77 / 43, charge the defibrillator unit 406 while it reads and analyzes the heartbeat. In this way, a shock can be applied earlier, when necessary. The user device 402 will have sufficient processing power to perform both tasks, and this will also be possible because there is full-duplex communication (i.e., simultaneous communication in both directions) via USB-C while charging occurs through the same cable. For example, in full-duplex mode, a complete USB-C cable implementing the USB 3.1 Gen. 2 standard can support a data rate of up to ten Gbit / s. At the same time, there are separate lines within the USB-C for charging (Vbus), so a device can send charging power on one line of the cable while communicating bidirectionally at full speed on other lines of the same cable.Thus, the user device 402 can receive and interpret information from electrical signals coming from the pads (e.g., pads 106) while charging is occurring. This will improve the resulting treatment, as a deeper, real-time assisted analysis of the signal can be performed over a longer period than with a traditional AED.

[0052] In some modes, the 404 application can maintain total and uninterrupted focus during the execution of a rescue procedure, which can be achieved through deep integration with the operating system of the user's device 402. For example, a user can access the application without a lock code. Since the application owner can be the person experiencing cardiac arrest, the application can start immediately and without entering a lock code if the AED device is connected. For example, the 404 application can: 1) start automatically and immediately when a cable is connected or during an application synchronization switch; 2) control power output via the USB port; 3) take over the entire screen without being interrupted by the mobile phone's operating system; 4) be able, in Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 27 / 77 / 43 terms of time, to send and receive commands to and from the AED device without interruptions or delays; 5) to have full access to full duplex video and microphone / speakers; 6) to have access to battery level reading; 7) to have access to GPS / NFC / BT etc.; 8) to have access to the emergency call function and related capabilities (i.e., to notify emergency contacts); and 9) to interrupt the execution of other applications, including applications that consume a lot of power or that use USBV, BT, NFC, video and speaker ports.

[0053] The 410 server device may include any combination of one or more web servers, mainframe computers, general-purpose computers, personal computers, or other types of computing devices. The 410 server device may represent distributed servers that are located remotely and communicate via a communications network or via a dedicated network, such as a local area network (LAN). The 410 server device may also include one or more backend servers to perform one or more aspects of the present description. In some embodiments, the 108 server device may be the same as or similar to the 700 server device described later in the context of Figure 10.

[0054] As shown in Figure 4, the server device 410 may include an AED enhancement module 412, an update module 414, and an AED tracking module 416. Additionally, the server device 410 may be communicatively coupled to a database 418. In some embodiments, the AED enhancement module 412 may include one or more machine learning-trained models / algorithms that can be used to continuously improve AED and / or CPR performance over time. In some embodiments, the AED enhancement module 412 may be configured to continuously receive performance data from Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 28 / 77 / 43 of user devices 402 and retrain or update models to reflect new performance data received. In some embodiments, the AED 412 enhancement module may also access Electronic Health Records and other external databases to obtain additional training data. In some embodiments, the AED 412 enhancement module may be configured to analyze, retrain, and / or update various machine learning models related to AED performance, such as models that determine durations and levels of initial pulses, pad placement, body part detection, frequency of additional pulse application, amount of energy in each pulse, and various other decisions related to electrocardiogram (ECG) readings.In some modalities, decisions may also be made based on other data related to the use of the mobile device interface, such as time spent on different screens, the number of times the "back" function is used, overall usage time, etc., in order to improve and optimize the user experience.

[0055] In some embodiments, the 414 update module can be configured to package or incorporate updated / retrained models from the 412 DEA enhancement module into a software update and distribute the update to 402 user devices. In some embodiments, the update can be received by the 402 user device via download from an application store. Additionally, the 416 DEA tracking module can be configured to track the locations of each 406 mobile DEA. In some embodiments, the 416 DEA tracking module can utilize GPS coordinates (or any positioning signal) obtained from the 402 user device. In some embodiments, the 416 DEA tracking module can allow a user, via the 404 application on a 402 user device, to search for mobile DEAs. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 29 / 77 / 43 406 nearby.

[0056] The various system components — such as modules 412-416 and 404a-n — can be implemented using hardware and / or software configured to execute the corresponding processes, steps, or other functionalities.

[0057] Figure 5 shows an example pad for use with a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description. The left side of Figure 5 (500a) shows the pad 505 before its activation. The pad 505 includes electrodes 508a-b, tissues 507a-b and needles 506a-b. The tissue 507 may include neoprene or other suitable dense and flexible material. The needles 506a-b may comprise a metallic material, be sharp enough to pierce the skin 504 of the individual and may be curved to avoid puncturing the lungs 501. Although the pad 505 has two needles, this is not limiting, any number of needles being possible. The pad 505 rests on the skin 504 (cutis) of an individual. The additional layers of the individual include the subcutaneous layer 503 (subcutis), the ribs 502 and the lungs 501, as well as the heart 510.In some embodiments, needles 506 may be fixed with a blunt end to the underside of plastic plates, which may be attached to pad 505 by means of a flexible joint, thus forming ready-to-use flaps in an inclined position. The pointed end of the needle is positioned inside pad 505, close to the adhesive side, but without piercing it. Such pads 505 may, in some embodiments, require a slightly thicker surface tissue to prevent spontaneous punctures. Furthermore, the plastic plates may be coupled together to ensure strength and inertia, so that needles 506 are activated only by pressure above a predefined limit, such as 10 kg. Needles 506 and plastic plates may be covered by tissue 507 to maintain a sterile area. In this way, needles 506 and plates may... Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 30 / 77 / 43 not being visible to the user, appearing only as an elevation on the back of the pad when the needles 506 are not activated. In some embodiments, markings on the elevation may indicate that the pads 505 contain needles and that these can be activated and secured by applying specific pressure at that point.

[0058] The right side of Figure 5 (500b) shows the pad 505 after its activation (e.g., by pressing a button on the top of the pad 505 in the direction of arrow 509), at which point the needles 506a-b pierce the skin and become located in the subcutaneous tissue (skin 503). When delivering an electric shock, a significant portion of the energy used can be dissipated as it passes through the skin. To reduce the energy requirement, as well as to decrease the amount of skin burned, the pad 505 with curved needles 506a-b can conduct the shock current under the skin and towards the heart 510 more efficiently. This can reduce energy requirements and therefore decrease the potential size of the defibrillator unit 102. The needles 506a-b can also reduce the incidence of pad detachment during resuscitation attempts.Conventional pads often detach when the individual is wet, whether from sweat or lying in water, preventing the pad's adhesive from adhering to the chest. Some rescuers may hesitate to insert needles into a patient, so penetration may occur without being visible to the rescuer, since the 506a-b needles are integrated into the 505 pads. For example, the 506a-b needles may initially rest at a semi-vertical angle. In some embodiments, the 505 pads may be foldable. Additionally, in some embodiments, the 505 pads may be foldable without the 506a-b needles.

[0059] On the back of the 505 pad there are instructions to press firmly, which will guide the 506a-b needles into the correct position. The 506a-b needles may have a curved shape, which causes them to deviate. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 31 / 77 / 43 and do not penetrate the chest, thus avoiding pneumothorax. Instead, they remain in the subcutaneous tissue 503, conducting the current to the heart 510 more easily and helping to keep the pads 505 in place. The needles 506a-b can be activated if a higher level of tissue resistance is expected—for example, if a high body mass index (BMI) is recorded, or if a high impedance (i.e., an impedance above a predefined limit) is measured between the electrodes / pads, indicating a well-insulated patient. After several unsuccessful shock attempts or when the phone's power level is low, the program may also suggest activating the needles 506a-b.

[0060] Figure 6 is a power source selection decision flowchart 600 for a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description. In some embodiments, flow 600 can be performed by one or more processors in a mobile device (e.g., by application 404 of Figure 4). Block 614 applies a hierarchy of suggested input priorities to select the power source for the defibrillator unit102. In block 601, if internal battery power is available, this will be the highest priority power source. Another potential power source is in block 602, a USB-C or similar input. In block 606, it is determined whether power supply via USB is available. If so, processing proceeds to block 607, where it is determined whether the power source can supply more than 8 W (although this value is illustrative and any value may be used).If so, this is determined as the second highest priority power source in block 614. If, in block 607, it is determined that power source 602 is not capable of supplying more than 4 W, processing moves to block 608. Similarly, if no USB power source is available in block 606, processing also moves to block 608. In block 608, it is determined whether the power source... Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 32 / 77 / 43: Does the power supply support USB 3.0 or similar? If so, this is determined to be the fifth highest priority power supply in block 614. If not, it is determined that this is not an acceptable power supply in block 615.

[0061] Another potential source in block 603 is a secondary USB-C power supply or similar. In block 609, it is determined whether USB power supply is available. If so, processing proceeds to block 610, where it is determined whether the power supply can provide more than 8 W (although this value is illustrative and any value may be used). If so, this is determined as the third highest priority power supply in block 614. If, in block 610, it is determined that power supply 602 is not capable of providing more than 4.5 W, processing proceeds to block 611. Similarly, if no USB power supply is available in block 609, processing also proceeds to block 611. In block 611, it is determined whether the power supply supports USB 3.0 or similar. If so, this is determined as the fourth highest priority power supply in block 614.Otherwise, it is determined that this is not an acceptable power supply in the 615 block.

[0062] Another potential power source in block 604 is a Qi charger. In block 612, it is determined whether the power source of the Qi charger in block 604 can provide more than, for example, 3 W. If so, this is determined as the sixth highest priority power source in block 614. If not, it is determined that this is not an acceptable power source in block 615. Another potential power source in block 605 is a reverse charging mobile phone performing wireless charging. In block 613, it is determined whether the reverse wireless charging source can provide more than, for example, 4 W. If so, this is determined as the lowest priority power source in block 614. If not, it is determined that this is not a power source. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 33 / 77 / 43 acceptable power supply in block 615. If multiple power sources are available, the highest priority source will be chosen in block 614 to power defibrillator unit 102. In some embodiments, this priority list is merely illustrative and may vary based on certain design choices.

[0063] Figure 7 is a mobile switching controller decision flowchart 700 according to some embodiments of the present description. Flow 700 can be executed to allow switching of the power source to a new mobile device while defibrillation is in progress on, for example, a patient in cardiac arrest. In some embodiments, flow 700 can be executed via the Internet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or NFC to exchange status and history and transfer control to an application on the second mobile device. During flow 700, both mobile devices (e.g., mobile devices 101 in Figure 1) can be connected to the defibrillator unit 102 (via two charging ports). In some embodiments, flow 700 can also be executed with a defibrillator unit 102 that has only one charging port, which would involve disconnecting the first mobile device and connecting the second after synchronization.

[0064] Process 700 can be executed while a mobile device 101 is connected to and powering a defibrillator unit 102. Additionally, the defibrillator unit 102 may also be in the process of performing defibrillation on a patient. In block 701, a decision is made as to whether the battery of the mobile device 101 is low. In some modes, “low” may be defined as below a certain predefined limit, as is standard for common mobile phones (e.g., below 20% charge). If the battery is not low, the flow is restarted. If the battery is low, processing proceeds to block 702. Furthermore, before the start of block 702, the user may be prompted, Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 34 / 77 / 43, by means of an entry in the application in block 705, to change mobile device.

[0065] In block 702, mobile device 101 connected to defibrillator unit 102 (e.g., via application 404) determines if there is an additional mobile device 101 nearby that also has the same application installed, displaying a query to the user on the mobile device 101 interface. If such a mobile device is not nearby, processing restarts for block 702. If such a mobile device is nearby, processing proceeds to block 703. In block 703, the first mobile device 101 detects if another mobile device is nearby, e.g., via NFC, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc. In some embodiments, any mobile device with the application can search for and alert nearby users who also have the application about cardiac arrest situations (or other emergencies).For example, the app receiving the alert can check, via USB, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi, if there is a compatible AED device nearby and send a signal back to the original app near the cardiac arrest. The message can include the location (via GPS or Wi-Fi) and a version of the AED and the mobile phone, as well as their capacity (battery, etc.). The app sending the alert can then choose the best nearby option and confirm the need for assistance from that specific device. The owner of the app that received the alert can then rush to provide help. The app that sent the alert can track, on a map, the rescuer's location as they approach. This will work whether the app is on a mobile phone, in a car, on a web page, or on a personal computer. In the case where the user only needs assistance in the situation (due to physical limitations, etc.), the app's network alert will also help to get help.

[0066] If the first mobile device 101 cannot detect Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 35 / 77 / 43 another nearby mobile device, processing is restarted for block 703. If the first mobile device 101 manages to detect another nearby mobile device, processing proceeds to block 704, which initiates a procedure for switching the power supply of the defibrillator unit 102. Further details about this power supply switching procedure are described in relation to Figure 8.

[0067] In some embodiments, once the connection between the original mobile device and the new mobile device is established, an application will automatically launch on the second mobile phone. The application on the first phone connects to the second phone and requests control switching. The application on the first phone synchronizes its data with the second phone. Synchronization is verified. The application on the second phone requests user confirmation for the switching. If confirmed, the application on the second phone sends a message to the application on the first phone indicating that it will initiate the switching. The application on the second phone prompts the user to connect the USB cable to the phone (removing it from the first phone). When the cable is connected, the application on the second phone verifies that the connected device is the same and that it is in the same state reported by the first phone.The application on the second phone then takes control of the procedure and the device, and a message is sent to the first phone indicating a successful takeover.

[0068] Figure 8 is a process 800 for switching the power source of a defibrillator unit according to some embodiments of the present description. In block 801, data transfer from the old mobile device to the new mobile device is initiated. The transferred data may include personal data known before the start of the procedure (e.g., age, sex, weight, language, etc.), data points collected since the beginning of the current emergency (e.g., cardiac signs, number of shocks, times, etc.), information about the current state (by Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, pp. 36 / 77 / 43 (example, capacitor charge level, cardiac status, connections to emergency medical services, etc.) and associated software / firmware / hardware reviews and digital signatures. In block 802, after the data transfer is complete, a handshake is performed between the mobile devices to validate the data. In block 803, once the data has been validated via handshake, the new mobile phone is connected to the defibrillator unit 102. In block 804, the defibrillation procedure is continued on the new mobile device to assist the individual. In block 805, which is optional, the system can revert to the old mobile device if an error occurs during the defibrillation procedure. This can occur through direct communication between the applications.

[0069] Figure 9 is a 900 charging process of a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description. In some embodiments, the 900 process is executed by the hardware in the user device 402. In some embodiments, the 900 process may be controlled by a command from the user device 402 (“Drain / Do not drain capacitor”), or it may be controlled by the defibrillator unit itself based on safety rules (e.g., “after 3 minutes, drain the charge for safety”). Existing AEDs drain the capacitor after a shock as a precautionary measure, and this is integrated into the design. For a mobile AED with a significant charging time, the benefit of not draining the capacitor is important to be ready for the next shock.The 900 process involves saving the remaining energy in the capacitor within the defibrillator unit 102 (e.g., capacitor 207) and performing charging on this remaining energy in preparation for the next charge, offering the advantage of faster charging. In block 901, the defibrillator unit 102 delivers a shock to an individual, such as a patient in cardiac arrest. In block 902, the current is interrupted after the initial shock is completed. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 37 / 77 / 43 In block 903, the remaining energy in the capacitor within the defibrillator unit is preserved. For example, after the current is interrupted in block 902, the capacitor does not discharge rapidly, as would normally occur. In block 904, whenever a subsequent shock is administered to an individual, subsequent charging is initiated from the already charged level of the capacitor.

[0070] Figure 10 shows the voltage (y-axis) as a function of time (x-axis) at the electrodes / pads, such as pads 505. The voltage is similar to the voltage at the output of capacitor 207, but after a switching phase of the capacitor. At the point indicated by the arrow, the safety discharge circuit would normally be activated and discharge the remaining energy into the environment. However, the described modes are configured to keep the remaining charge stored in the capacitor within the defibrillator unit, reducing charging time and device size.

[0071] Figure 11 shows an example circuit architecture 1100 according to some embodiments of the present description. In some embodiments, the circuit architecture 1100 may be a flyback converter type charging circuit with a current-sensing biasing circuit, capable of reducing charging time. Typical flyback converter circuits may consist of a flyback transformer powered by a DC voltage source and switched on and off to generate a high-voltage DC output. The principles described in this document employ the circuit architecture 1100 to charge a high-voltage capacitor 1109, for example, up to 1900 V. Charging may be performed by means of a charge controller 1103 that switches a MOSFET switch 1106 on and off, the switch 1106 being connected between the transformer 1107 and the ground reference.When switch 1106 is on, current flows through the primary winding. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 38 / 77 / 43 of transformer 1107, and the current increases linearly with time as a function of the inductance of the primary winding of transformer 1107. The current flowing through transformer 1107 and switch 1103 is monitored by a current sensing resistor 1105. When the voltage across the current sensing resistor 1105 rises above a threshold (e.g., 78 mV), charge controller 1103 switches off switch 1106, and the energy stored in transformer 1107 is forced into the secondary circuit, to a diode 1108, and then to capacitor 1109. Switch 1106 is then switched back on, and charging continues.

[0072] In the embodiments described herein, the current sensing resistor 1105 is configured so that the switch 1106 turns off when a predefined amount of current (e.g., 2 A) flows through the transformer 1107. This corresponds to an average current of 0.9 A drawn from the USB-C power supply 1101. However, due to non-ideal parasitic capacitances in the flyback transformer 1107, as the voltage on the high-voltage capacitor 1109 increases, some of the power from the USB-C power supply 1101 is stored in the transformer 1107 and then fed back to the USB-C power supply 1101 itself. This stored power may be proportional to the voltage on the high-voltage capacitor 1109.Possible problems that may arise include: 1) as capacitor 1109 is charged, the average current drawn from the USB-C source 1101 decreases to approximately 0.6-0.7 A; and 2) charging time increases due to reduced charging efficiency as the capacitor voltage increases.

[0073] The described modalities address these input current reduction problems by increasing the current limit of transformer 1107 above 2 A and making it adjustable as the voltage of capacitor 1109 increases. This was achieved by biasing the voltage across the current sensing resistor 1105 with a circuit of Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 39 / 77 / 43, sensing line bias 1104. Effectively, the bias circuit 1104 allowed a higher current to flow above 2 A before the voltage across the current sensing resistor 1105 reached 78 mV. Furthermore, the bias circuit 1104 was controlled by a pulse-width modulated waveform from a microcontroller 1102, whose pulse width is adjusted by software. This allows the bias circuit 1104 to be dynamically adjusted while capacitor 1109 is being charged. Ultimately, this allows maximizing the current drawn from the USB-C power supply 1101 throughout the charging period and, more importantly, reducing the charging time.

[0074] Figure 12 is an example process 1200 for using a mobile AED according to some embodiments of the present description. In some embodiments, process 1200 can be executed by a user device (e.g., user device 402 and / or user device 101). In some embodiments, the execution of process 1200 can be assisted by a user interacting with the user device. For example, in response to a person experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, a bystander, friend, or other individual can use a mobile AED of the present description and an application (e.g., application 404) on a user device to execute process 1200. In block 1201, user device 402 (e.g., via application 404) can detect a connection from the AED.For example, the user can locate a mobile AED (e.g., the 102 defibrillator unit) and connect it to the user's device, such as by inserting a connecting cable. The user's device, for example, via the 404 application, can detect that the 102 defibrillator unit has been connected. In block 1202, the 402 user device can open the 404 application. In some modes, the 404 application can be opened automatically in response to... Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 40 / 77 / 43 detection of the defibrillator connection; in other modes, the application can be opened manually by the user.

[0075] In block 1203, the 404 application can analyze data associated with the individual (for example, the person who recently suffered cardiac arrest). For example, the 404 application can store demographic and health information associated with the individual, allowing the individual to previously enter personally identifiable information. The 404 application can store various types of information, such as height, weight, age, blood pressure, previous ECG records, medical history, etc. In some modalities, the 404 application can be configured to use a machine learning algorithm to analyze the individual's information and make various determinations related to the subsequent steps of administering AED treatment.In some modalities, the analysis can be performed externally to the user's device 402; for example, the individual's data can be sent to and processed by a server (e.g., server 410), and the processing results can be transmitted to the user's device 402 to influence treatment.

[0076] In block 1204, application 404 can analyze wearable data, such as various biometric data obtained from a wearable device worn by the individual. This may include a smartwatch or other wearable devices. Wearable data may include a variety of information, such as, but not limited to, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation levels, and other parameters.

[0077] In block 1205, application 404 can detect the positioning of the pads. In some embodiments, application 404 can be configured to detect, based on electrical measurements (e.g., current) from pads 106a-b, whether there is a human body connected between the two pads. In some embodiments, the Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 41 / 77 / 43: The detection of pad placement may include, after the pads (e.g., 106a-b) are positioned on the individual's body (e.g., under the individual's right clavicle and below the individual's left armpit), the 404 application detecting the amount of current flowing through the individual and between the pads. Based on the intensity of the current detected, the 404 application can determine if the pads are too far apart or too close together. For example, the 404 application may use a threshold current range and compare the detected current to that range. If the detected current is above or below the threshold, the 404 application may display a warning on the device, recommending that the user move the pads closer together or further apart.

[0078] In block 1206, the 404 application can be configured to determine a shock pattern to be administered to the individual. In some modalities, determining the shock pattern may involve the 404 application using a machine learning model to analyze data associated with the individual (e.g., height, weight, pad placement, ECG measurements, etc.) and wearable data, generating a shock pattern intended to resuscitate the individual. In some modalities, the 404 application may obtain and analyze data (e.g., operate as an ECG device) via the connected pads before determining a shock pattern, using the obtained data to define the shock pattern.For example, the machine learning model can be trained to determine the shock pattern based on data such as pulse rate (both frequency and variations), all types of heart rhythm, configuration of ECG complexes, ST segment elevations (e.g., the vertical distance between the ECG tracing and the baseline), deprivation and signs of cardiac ischemia, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. The 404 application can also be configured to detect certain respiratory patterns that occur in association. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, pp. 42 / 77 / 43 with ventricular extrasystoles may constitute a triggering event. In some modalities, the machine learning model may include a neural network with a plurality of nodes trained to map the aforementioned health data types to various factors in shock patterns (e.g., durations, times, and energy levels). In some modalities, application 404 may be configured to estimate an individual's body fat percentage based on electrical measurements received from pads 106a-b, and this percentage may be used in determining the electrical shock pattern. In some modalities, the machine learning model may also be configured to predict whether individuals will achieve "return of spontaneous circulation" (ROSC), which may include the resumption of sustained perfusive cardiac activity.This prediction can be made by analyzing breathing, movement, pulse, and blood pressure.

[0079] In some modes, the shock pattern may include a duration and a level (e.g., energy level in joules) of a plurality of energy pulses. In some modes, the initial pulse applied to an individual in cardiac arrest may be decisive for resuscitation. In block 1206, application 404 may cause the defibrillator unit 102 to administer the determined shock pattern to the individual. Administering the shock pattern may include using the power supply from the user's device 402 to power the circuit assembly (e.g., circuit 200) within the defibrillator unit 102. A potential benefit of using the power supply circuit assembly within a mobile device is that it may provide a lower-cost device, making it more accessible to a larger number of people and increasing the prevalence of its use.In some modes, the 404 application can be configured to issue a warning to nearby individuals before the standard electric shock is administered. For example, the 404 application. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 43 / 77 / 43 may use the speakers and interface of device 101 to emit sound and display a visual warning instructing people to move away from the person while the electric shock is being administered. This can prevent the current from causing shock or harm to other people. In some modes, after the completion of the electric shock pattern, application 404 may display and emit another warning indicating that the environment is safe.

[0080] In some modes, before determining the shock pattern in block 1207, the mobile AED can be configured to operate as an ECG for a period of time. The application can be configured to receive ECG data and measurements and perform various shock pattern-related determinations based on these measurements. In some modes, after the completion of any administered shock pattern, all data / information associated with the process can be sent from the user device 402 to the server 410, specifically to the AED enhancement module 412. The AED enhancement module 412 can use the received information to update and / or retrain any machine learning models related to shock pattern determination and pad placement, based on demographic, health, and ECG measurement data.In some applications, a large number of mobile DEAs can be used, thus providing broad and rich datasets for continuous updating of algorithms and models related to DEA performance. Due to the operational nature of this description (using an application interface on a standard operating system to manage a DEA), this may allow the DEA performance to be continuously updated and improved.

[0081] In some modes, process 1200 can be run in conjunction with a video assistant and / or voice assistant. For example, application 404 can be configured to use any voice assistant functionality present on the device (e.g., Alexa, Google). Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 44 / 77 / 43 (Assistant, Siri, voice systems in vehicles, etc.). Thus, if a person opens the application but doesn't know how to administer the AED to a victim, they can communicate with the 404 application via voice assistant and ask for help. In some modes, the application can connect to a specialist via video and activate the mobile device's camera 402. In some modes, a team of specialists capable of handling the flow of video connections can be assembled. Each specialist may possess knowledge about the operation of a mobile AED 406, providing quick and effective assistance in case of emergency, as well as reliable information. This can be more advantageous than the ability to connect to a doctor or similar professional, since there is no availability issue. In some modes, the 404 application may also allow a user to immediately connect to law enforcement and / or emergency teams.In some scenarios, in response to notification to law enforcement or emergency services via the 404 app, GPS data and medical data associated with the individual can be immediately forwarded to the appropriate authorities through the 404 app. This can provide valuable information to emergency services in advance, potentially saving precious time when personnel arrive on the scene.

[0082] In some modalities, the 404 application can also assist in performing CPR in conjunction with administering a shock pattern. In some modalities, the 404 application can be configured to detect the intensity of the pressure an individual is applying to a person's chest cavity by analyzing the forces exerted on the 106a-b pads. The 404 application can provide indications to the user, such as "press harder" or "press less hard".

[0083] Figure 13 shows an example of a 1300 server device that can be used within the system of Figure 4, according to some Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 45 / 77 / 43 modalities of the present description. The 1300 server device can implement various functions and processes as described in this document. The 1300 server device can be implemented in any electronic device that executes software applications derived from compiled instructions, including, without limitation, personal computers, servers, smartphones, media players, electronic tablets, game consoles, email devices, etc. In some implementations, the 1300 server device may include one or more 1302 processors, 1304 volatile memory, 1306 non-volatile memory, and one or more 1308 peripherals. These components can be interconnected by one or more 1310 computer buses.

[0084] 1302 processors may utilize any known processor technology, including, but not limited to, graphics processors and multi-core processors. Processors suitable for executing a program of instructions may include, for example, general-purpose and special-purpose microprocessors, and the single processor or one of multiple processors or cores of any type of computer. The 1310 bus may be any known internal or external bus technology, including, but not limited to, ISA, EISA, PCI, PCI Express, NuBus, USB, Serial ATA, or FireWire. 1304 volatile memory may include, for example, SDRAM. The 1302 processor may receive instructions and data from read-only memory or random-access memory, or both. The essential elements of a computer may include a processor to execute instructions and one or more memories to store instructions and data.

[0085] Non-volatile memory 1306 may include, by way of example, semiconductor memory devices such as EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, pp. 46 / 77 / 43 Non-volatile memory 1306 can store various computer instructions, including operating system instructions 1312, communication instructions 1315, application instructions 1316, and application data 1317. Operating system instructions 1312 may include instructions for implementing an operating system (e.g., Mac OS®, Windows®, or Linux). The operating system may be multi-user, multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, real-time, among others. Communication instructions 1315 may include network communication instructions, for example, software for implementing communication protocols such as TCP / IP, HTTP, Ethernet, telephony, etc.Application instructions 1316 may include instructions for administering shock patterns using a mobile AED, connecting to law enforcement, displaying instructions for administering shock patterns using the mobile AED, and performing a self-rescue operation in accordance with the systems and methods described herein. For example, application instructions 1316 may include instructions for components 110-112 described earlier in conjunction with Figure 1.

[0086] Peripherals 1308 may be included in the server device 1300 or operationally coupled to communicate with the server device 1300. Peripherals 1308 may include, for example, the network subsystem 1318, the input controller 1320, and the disk controller 1322. The network subsystem 1318 may include, for example, an Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter. The input controller 1320 may utilize any known input device technology, including, but not limited to, keyboard (including virtual keyboard), mouse, trackball, and touch panel or touchscreen. The disk controller 1322 may include one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 47 / 77 / 43

[0087] Figure 14 shows an example of a computing device 1400 that can be used within the system of Figures 1 and / or 3, according to some embodiments of the present description. In some embodiments, the device 1400 may be the user device 101. The illustrative user device 1400 may include a memory interface 1402, one or more data processors, image processors, central processing units 1404 and / or secure processing units 1405, and a peripheral subsystem 1406. The memory interface 1402, one or more processors 1404 and / or secure processors 1405, and / or the peripheral subsystem 1406 may be separate components or integrated into one or more integrated circuits. The various components of the user device 1400 may be coupled by one or more communication buses or signal lines.

[0088] Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be coupled to the peripheral subsystem 1406 to facilitate multiple functionalities. For example, the motion sensor 1410, the light sensor 1412, and the proximity sensor 1414 can be coupled to the peripheral subsystem 1406 to facilitate orientation, lighting, and proximity functions. Other sensors 1416 can also be connected to the peripheral subsystem 1406, such as a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) (e.g., GPS receiver), a temperature sensor, a biometric sensor, magnetometer, or other sensing device, to facilitate related functionalities.

[0089] The camera subsystem 1420 and the optical sensor 1422—for example, a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) optical sensor—can be used to facilitate camera functions such as recording photographs and videos. The camera subsystem 1420 and the optical sensor 1422 can be used to Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 48 / 77 / 43 to collect images of a user to be used during their authentication, for example, by performing facial recognition analysis.

[0090] Communication functions may be facilitated by means of one or more 1424 wired or wireless communication subsystems, which may include radio frequency receivers and transmitters and / or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers and transmitters. For example, the Bluetooth (e.g., Bluetooth Low Energy — BTLE) and / or Wi-Fi communications described in this document may be processed by the 1424 wireless communication subsystems. The specific design and implementation of the 1424 communication subsystems may depend on the communication network(s) over which the 1400 user device is designed to operate. For example, the 1400 user device may include 1424 communication subsystems designed to operate on a GSM network, a GPRS network, an EDGE network, a Wi-Fi or WiMax network, and a Bluetooth™ network.For example, 1424 wireless communication subsystems may include hosting protocols, so that the 1400 device can be configured as a base station for other wireless devices and / or to provide a Wi-Fi service.

[0091] The audio subsystem 1426 can be coupled to a loudspeaker 1428 and a microphone 1430 to facilitate voice-activated functions such as speaker recognition, voice replication, digital recording, and telephony functions. The audio subsystem 1426 can be configured to facilitate voice command processing, speaker identification, and voice authentication, for example.

[0092] The input / output (I / O) subsystem 1440 may include a touch-sensitive surface controller 1442 and / or other input controllers 1444. The touch-sensitive surface controller 1442 may be coupled to a touch-sensitive surface 1446. The touch-sensitive surface 1446 and the controller 1442 may, for example, detect contact and Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 49 / 77 / 43 movement or its interruption using any of various touch-sensitive technologies, including, but not limited to, capacitive, resistive, infrared and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements to determine one or more points of contact with the surface 1446.

[0093] The other input controllers 1444 may be coupled to other input / control devices 1448, such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, scroll wheels, infrared port, USB port and / or a pointing device, such as a stylus pen. The one or more buttons (not shown) may include a speaker volume up / down button 1428 and / or microphone volume up / down button 1430.

[0094] In some implementations, pressing the button for a first duration can unlock the touch-sensitive surface 1446; pressing the button for a second duration, longer than the first, can turn the user device's power on or off 1400. Pressing the button for a third duration can activate a voice control or command module, allowing the user to dictate commands into the microphone 1430 for the device to execute the spoken command. The user can customize the functionality of one or more of these buttons. The touch-sensitive surface 1446 can, for example, also be used to implement virtual buttons or keyboard keys.

[0095] In some implementations, the 1400 user device may play recorded audio and / or video files, such as MP3, AAC, and MPEG files. In some implementations, the 1400 user device may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod™. Thus, the 1400 user device may include a 36-pin connector and / or an 8-pin connector compatible with the iPod. Other input / output and control devices may also be used. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 50 / 77 / 43

[0096] The 1402 memory interface can be coupled to 1450 memory. The 1450 memory can include high-speed random access memory and / or non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical storage devices, and / or flash memory (e.g., NAND, NOR). The 1450 memory can store a 1452 operating system, such as Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, Windows, or an embedded operating system, such as VxWorks.

[0097] The 1452 operating system may include instructions for handling basic system services and for performing hardware-dependent tasks. In some implementations, the 1452 operating system may be a kernel (for example, a UNIX kernel). In some implementations, the 1452 operating system may include instructions for performing voice authentication.

[0098] Memory 1450 can also store 1454 communication instructions to facilitate communication with one or more additional devices, one or more computers and / or one or more servers.Memory 1450 may include graphical user interface instructions 1456 to facilitate the processing of the graphical user interface; sensor processing instructions 1458 to facilitate the processing and functions related to sensors; telephony instructions 1460 to facilitate processes and functions related to telephone calls; electronic messaging instructions 1462 to facilitate processes and functions related to electronic messages; web browsing instructions 1464 to facilitate processes and functions related to web browsing; media processing instructions 1466 to facilitate functions and processes related to media processing; GNSS / Navigation instructions 1468 to facilitate processes and instructions related to GNSS and navigation; and / or camera instructions 1470 to facilitate processes and functions related to the camera. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 51 / 77 / 43

[0099] Memory 1450 can store instructions and application (“apps”) data 1472, such as instructions for the applications described earlier in the context of Figures 1-12. Memory 1450 can also store other software instructions 1474 for various other software applications installed on the device 1400.

[00100] In this descriptive report, specific embodiments have been described. However, a person skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the following claims. For example, although the invention has been described and illustrated in connection with a school, it is not intended to be so limited. Therefore, this descriptive report and the figures should be considered in an illustrative, not restrictive, sense, and all such modifications are included within the scope of these instructions.

[00101] The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced should not be interpreted as critical, necessary, or essential characteristics or elements of any or all of the claims. The invention is defined exclusively by the appended claims, including any changes made during the pendency of this application and all equivalents of those claims as issued.

[00102] The Summary Description is provided to enable the reader to quickly determine the nature of the technical description. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, in the preceding Detailed Description, it can be observed that several features have been grouped into different embodiments for the purpose of simplifying the description. This method of presentation should not be interpreted as an intention that the Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 52 / 77 / 43. The claimed embodiments require more features than those expressly described in each claim. Conversely, as reflected in the following claims, the inventive matter lies in fewer than all the features of a single embodiment described. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the Detailed Description, and each claim constitutes, by itself, a separately claimed matter.

[00103] It should be understood that the subject matter described is not limited, in its application, to the construction details and component arrangements presented in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The subject matter described is susceptible to other embodiments and can be practiced and executed in various ways. Furthermore, it should be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed in this document are for descriptive purposes only and should not be considered limiting. Thus, persons skilled in the art will understand that the concept on which this description is based can be readily used as a foundation for the design of other structures, methods, and systems intended to achieve the various purposes of the subject matter described. It is important, therefore, that the claims be considered as encompassing such equivalent constructions, insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the subject matter described.

[00104] Although several embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example and not limitation. It will be evident to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) that various alterations of form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In fact, after reading the description above, it will be clear to a person skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement alternative embodiments. For example, other steps may be provided, or steps may be eliminated, from the described flows, and other components may be added or removed from the Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, page 53 / 77 / 43 systems described. Consequently, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

[00105] Furthermore, it should be understood that any figures showing functionalities and advantages are presented only as examples. The methodology and system described are sufficiently flexible and configurable so that they can be used in ways different from those illustrated.

[00106] Although the term “at least one” is frequently used in the description, claims and drawings, the terms “a”, “an”, “the”, “the”, “the”, “referred to”, “said”, etc. also mean “at least one” or “the at least one” in the description, claims and drawings.

[00107] Finally, it is the Claimant’s intention that only claims that expressly include the expressions “means to” or “step to” be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of Article 35 USC §112(f). Claims that do not expressly include the expressions “means to” or “step to” should not be interpreted in accordance with Article 35 USC §112(f). Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 54 / 77

Claims

1 / 3 CLAIMS 1. A mobile defibrillator device (AED), characterized in that it comprises: a mobile AED unit configured to operatively connect to a device capable of running an application, the application being configured to access at least one of an individual's heart rate or blood oxygen saturation level measured by a wearable device worn by the individual during defibrillation, the mobile AED unit comprising one or more electrodes and being configured to measure the individual's respiratory data; wherein the device is configured to, by means of one or more processors running on the device: detect a connection of the mobile AED unit to the device; detect that one or more electrodes have been connected to the individual; receive electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements of the individual recorded by the electrodes;to receive respiratory data measured from the AED unit, the respiratory data being associated with the individual's chest respiratory movements; to receive, from the wearable device worn by the individual after the mobile AED unit has been connected to the device, wearable data measured by the wearable device and comprising at least one of the individual's heart rate or blood oxygen saturation level from a wearable device associated with the individual; to analyze the respiratory data to determine the individual's respiratory pattern; to determine, based on the received ECG measurements, the wearable data comprising at least one of the heart rate or blood oxygen saturation level and the determined respiratory pattern, that the individual needs an electric shock;To determine shock pattern factors based on received ECG measurements, wearable data comprising at least one of the following: heart rate or blood oxygen saturation level and determined respiratory pattern; shock pattern factors comprising a duration, a time interval, and an energy level; and to administer the electric shock to the individual using the shock pattern factors determined by the mobile AED based on the determination.

2. A mobile defibrillator device (AED) according to claim 1, characterized in that determining that an individual needs an electric shock involves analyzing ECG measurements and detecting a dangerous rhythm.

3. A mobile defibrillator device (AED) according to claim 2, characterized in that detecting a dangerous rhythm comprises detecting at least one of rapid ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.

4. Mobile defibrillator device (AED) according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is additionally configured to: measure a current flowing between one or more electrodes; and based on the measured current, display a recommendation to change the distance between one or more electrodes.

5. Mobile defibrillator device (AED) according to claim 1, characterized in that determining, based on received ECG measurements, wearable data and determined respiratory pattern, that the individual needs an electric shock comprises: Petition 870250095133, 10 / 17 / 2025, p. 56 / 77 3 / 3 using a neural network with a plurality of nodes to map at least one of the ECG measurements, wearable data and determined respiratory pattern to shock pattern factors, the shock pattern factors comprising a duration, a time interval and an energy level.

6. Mobile defibrillator device (AED) according to claim 5, characterized in that the neural network is configured to estimate a probability that the individual will achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) based on respiratory data and wearable data.

7. Mobile defibrillator device (AED) according to claim 1, characterized in that receiving ECG measurements comprises determining at least one of a pulse rate, an ECG complex configuration, an ST segment elevation, a deprivation.

8. Mobile defibrillator device (AED) according to claim 1, characterized in that administering the electric shock to the individual comprises using a power supply from the device to power the circuitry within one or more electrodes. Petition 870250095133, dated 10 / 17 / 2025, pp. 57 / 77

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