APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING A USED ANODE ASSEMBLY OR A CELL PREHEATER OUT OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD FOR REPLACING A USED ANODE ASSEMBLY OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL DURING THE PRODUCTION OF A NON-FERROUS METAL

Description

1 / 35 “APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING A USED ANODE ASSEMBLY OR A CELL PREHEATER OUT OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD FOR REPLACING A USED ANODE ASSEMBLY OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL DURING THE PRODUCTION OF A NON-FERROUS METAL”

[0001] This patent application consists of a split application of invention patent application BR112022003413-0, filed on 08 / 27 / 2020. Reference to Related Orders

[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 822,722 entitled APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF ANODE ASSEMBLIES OF ELECTROLYSIS CELLS, filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on August 28, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates generally to systems, apparatus and methods for operating an electrolytic cell, such as the maintenance and replacement of anodes or cell preheaters of an electrolytic cell, more particularly, but not exclusively, for the replacement of stable / inert anodes of electrolytic cells, such as for the production of metals, such as, but not limited to, aluminum. History

[0004] Metallic aluminum, also called aluminum, is produced by electrolysis of alumina, also known as aluminum oxide (IUPAC), in a molten electrolyte at about 70-1000°C contained in several smelting cells. In the traditional Hall-Héroult process, the anodes are made of carbon and are consumed during the electrolytic reaction. The anodes need to be replaced after 3 to 4 weeks.

[0005] During the experiments, it was determined that the current systems and processes for maintaining and replacing the anodes of a cell Petition 870260075815, dated 07 / 29 / 2026, page 7 / 44 2 / 35 electrolytic are unsuitable when inert anodes are used instead of the traditional carbon anodes required in the Hall-Heroult process.

[0006] In addition, electrolytic cells that operate with inert anodes need to be preheated, usually using a cell preheater. The cell preheater must be inserted into the cell before heating the cell and then removed from the cell before introducing the preheated anodes into the cell.

[0007] The present invention addresses at least partially the shortcomings identified when inert anodes are used. Summary

[0008] According to a first aspect, the invention is directed to an insulating apparatus for maintaining and transporting an anode assembly out of an electrolytic cell. The anode assembly comprises a plurality of vertical inert anodes.The apparatus comprises: a support structure, defining an internal space, to isolate the anode assembly when present in the internal space; an actuator assembly coupled to the support structure and configured to support the anode assembly, the actuator assembly being operable to move the anode assembly between: an isolated position, where the anode assembly is positioned in the internal space of the support structure; and a loading / unloading position, where the anode assembly is outside the support structure to load the anode assembly onto the actuator assembly and unload the anode assembly from the actuator assembly; and a thermal shelter assembly extending from an internal surface of the support structure to isolate the anode assembly when the anode assembly is in the internal space.

[0009] According to another aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly out of an electrolytic cell. The anode assembly comprises a plurality of anodes, preferably Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, p. 11 / 130 3 / 35 vertical inert anodes. The apparatus comprises: a support structure defining an internal space; an actuator assembly coupled to the support structure and configured to support the anode assembly, the actuator assembly being operable to move the anode assembly between: an isolated position, where the anode assembly is positioned in the internal space of the support structure; and a loading / unloading position, where the anode assembly is outside the support structure to load the anode assembly into the actuator assembly or unload the anode assembly from the actuator assembly; and a thermal system assembly supported by the support structure to maintain a temperature of the anode assembly when the anode assembly is in the internal space.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly further comprises an electrical isolation system to electrically isolate the anode assembly from the actuator assembly.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the support structure defines an open bottom in communication with the internal space, further comprising the apparatus: a door assembly movably coupled to the support structure and operating between an open position to allow movement of the anode assembly between the isolated position and the loading / unloading position, and a closed position, where the door assembly closes the open bottom of the support structure.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly comprises a horizontal handle bar configured to connect in a removable manner to the anode assembly and to move the anode assembly vertically within the internal space.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly comprises a first motor and a second motor supported by the support structure, each motor being coupled respectively to a moving element disposed at opposite longitudinal ends of the bar. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 12 / 130 4 / 35 handling mechanism along which the handlebar is raised and lowered vertically. Preferably, the moving element comprises a threaded rod or a motor-driven chain for raising or lowering the handlebar.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly comprises a fail-safe suspension device for engaging and providing removable support to the anode assembly. Preferably, the fail-safe suspension device engages with a corresponding handling pin of the anode assembly when lowering the actuator assembly onto the anode assembly.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the thermal system comprises several thermal shelters that extend from an inner surface of the support structure to interface with the corresponding surfaces of the plurality of inert anodes when the anode assembly is in the internal space.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, thermal shelters may comprise refractory linings.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises an electric heating module for heating the inert anodes when the anode assembly is in the internal space.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the support structure is configured to allow ventilation of an upper zone of the anode assembly to maintain the upper zone at a lower temperature than a lower hot zone containing the plurality of inert anodes.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises guide pins that connect to an electrolytic cell structure to facilitate the operational installation of the anode assembly therein.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a first electrical insulating element between the guide pins and the support structure. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 13 / 130 5 / 35

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly further comprises an automated connection assembly for electrically connecting the anode assembly to the electrolytic cell. Preferably, the automated connection assembly comprises a pneumatic switch and a synchronized screwing system.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the device may further comprise a second electrical insulating element between the automated connection assembly and the support structure.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a third electrical insulating element in an upper portion of the actuator assembly. According to a preferred embodiment, the support structure comprises a fastening element in an upper part that is configured to be mechanically attached to an overhead crane for transporting or carrying the apparatus.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a fourth electrical insulating element to isolate the apparatus from the overhead crane.

[0025] According to yet another aspect, the invention is directed to a method for providing an anode assembly of inert anodes, at a specified temperature, to an electrolytic cell for use in the production of a non-ferrous metal, comprising: Preheat the inert anodes of the anode assembly to the specified temperature; the anode assembly being located outside the electrolytic cell; Transport the anode assembly toward the electrolytic cell while maintaining the predetermined temperature of the preheated inert anodes; and immerse the preheated inert anodes of the anode assembly in a molten electrolyte bath of the electrolytic cell.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, a) the preheating of the inert anodes of the anode assembly is carried out in a preheating station. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 14 / 130 6 / 35 conditioning located at a distance from the electrolytic cell. The method preferably further comprises, before b), removing the anode assembly from the preconditioning station while conditioning the anode assembly within an insulating transport apparatus configured to transport the anode assembly towards the electrolytic cell while maintaining the determined temperatures of the inert anodes within a predetermined tolerance range.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, removing the anode assembly from the preconditioning station and housing the anode assembly in the insulating transport apparatus comprises: Position the insulating transport device over the anode assembly located in the anode preconditioner; Lower an actuator assembly from an internal space of the insulating conveyor device to the anode assembly; Connect the anode assembly to the actuator assembly; and raise the actuator assembly with the anode assembly connected to it from the anode assembly preconditioner into an internal space of the insulating transport device.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, c) immersing the preheated inert anodes of the anode assembly in a molten electrolyte bath of the electrolytic cell comprises: Position the insulating transport device over the electrolytic cell; Lower the actuator assembly and the anode assembly of the insulating conveyor into the electrolytic cell until the preheated inert anodes are immersed in the molten electrolyte bath; Mechanically connect the anode assembly to the electrolytic cell; Electrically connect the inert anodes of the anode assembly to the electrolytic cell; and release the anode assembly from the actuator assembly. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 15 / 130 7 / 35

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, lowering the anode assembly into the bath comprises connecting the guide pins of the insulating transport device to the respective receiving openings of the electrolytic cell before lowering the anode assembly into the electrolytic cell.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, connecting the inert anodes of the anode assembly to the electrolytic cell comprises mechanically screwing a flexible portion of the anode assembly onto an anodic equipotential bar of the electrolytic cell.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, an actuator assembly is coupled to a support structure of the insulating conveyor apparatus, the actuator assembly comprising a handling bar configured to support the anode assembly and to move the anode assembly vertically, wherein releasing the anode assembly from the insulating conveyor apparatus comprises releasing the anode assembly from the handling bar, the method further comprising: After releasing the anode assembly from the handling bar, raise the handling bar into the support structure of the insulating transport device; and remove the insulated transport device from the electrolytic cell.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the insulating transport apparatus comprises a door assembly for thermally insulating an opening through which the anode assembly enters and exits the insulating transport apparatus, the method further comprising: When removing the anode assembly from the anode preconditioning station and packaging the anode assembly in the insulating transport device: Activate the door assembly to an open position; raise the anode assembly into an internal space of the isolated transport device; and close the door assembly; and Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 16 / 130 8 / 35 When installing the anode assembly in the electrolytic cell: activate the door assembly to the open position; and lower the anode assembly from the internal space of the insulating carrier into the electrolytic cell.

[0033] According to another aspect, the invention is directed to an apparatus for transporting a used anode assembly or a cell preheater out of an electrolytic cell, the cell preheater being configured to be inserted into the cell to preheat the cell before inserting a preheated anode assembly into the preheated cell, the apparatus comprising: a supporting structure defining an internal space; An actuator assembly coupled to the support structure and configured to support the used anode assembly or cell preheater, the actuator assembly being operable to move the cell preheater between: an isolated position, in which the used anode assembly or cell preheater is positioned within the support structure; and a loading-unloading position, in which the used anode assembly or cell preheater is outside the support structure to load the used anode assembly or cell preheater onto the actuator assembly or unload the used anode assembly or cell preheater from the actuator assembly; and an automated connection system configured to electrically connect the cell preheater to the electrolytic cell when the cell preheater is installed in the cell, or to electrically disconnect the used anode assembly or cell preheater from the electrolytic cell before removing them from the cell preheater.

[0034] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly may further comprise an electrical isolation system to isolate Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 17 / 130 9 / 35 electrically the cell preheater or the actuator assembly anode assembly.

[0035] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly comprises a horizontal handlebar configured to connect in a removable manner to the anode assembly and to vertically move the cell preheater or the anode assembly within the internal space. Preferably, the actuator assembly comprises a first motor and a second motor supported by the support structure, each motor being coupled respectively to a moving element disposed at opposite longitudinal ends of the handlebar along which the handlebar is raised and lowered vertically. Preferably, the moving element comprises a threaded rod or a motor-driven chain to raise or lower the handlebar.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly comprises a fail-safe suspension device for engaging and providing removable support to the cell preheater or anode assembly. Preferably, the fail-safe suspension device engages with a corresponding handling pin of the cell preheater or anode assembly when lowering the actuator assembly onto the cell preheater or anode assembly.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise a thermal shelter supported by the support structure to protect the support structure from heat radiation from the cell preheater or anode assembly when the cell preheater or anode assembly is removed from the cell. Preferably, the thermal shelters comprise refractory lining.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the support structure is configured to allow ventilation of an upper zone of the support structure to maintain the upper zone at a lower temperature than a Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 18 / 130 10 / 35 lower hot zone containing the cell preheater or anodes of the anode assembly.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise guide pins that connect to an electrolytic cell structure to facilitate the operational installation of the cell preheater or the anode assembly therein.

[0040] According to a preferred embodiment, the automated connection assembly comprises a pair of pneumatic wrenches and a synchronized screwing system.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the support structure comprises a fastening element that is configured to be mechanically attached to an overhead crane for transporting the apparatus.

[0042] According to another aspect, the invention is directed to a method for initiating an electrolytic cell to produce a non-ferrous metal, the electrolytic cell being configured to contain a number N of anode assemblies, with N > 1, the method comprising: a) Install N cell preheaters in the cell in place of the N anode assemblies; b) preheat the cell with the N cell preheaters until a predetermined temperature is reached in the cell; c) pouring a molten electrolytic bath into the cell containing a quantity of molten metal; (d) removing a first cell preheater using an apparatus for transporting a used anode assembly or a cell preheater out of an electrolytic cell, as defined herein; (e) Inserting a preheated anode assembly in place of the removed cell preheater using an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly out of an electrolytic cell, as defined herein, or according to the method for providing an anode assembly from anodes. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 19 / 130 11 / 35 inert materials at a specified temperature in an electrolytic cell for use in the production of non-ferrous metal, as defined herein, and f) Repeat steps d) and e) (N-1) times until all cell preheaters are replaced with preheated anode assemblies.

[0043] According to another aspect, the invention is further directed to a method for replacing a used anode assembly of an electrolytic cell during the production of a non-ferrous metal, the cell comprising N anode assemblies, with N > 1, immersed in a molten electrolytic bath at a determined temperature, the method comprising: a) remove the used anode assembly from the cell using an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly or a cell preheater out of an electrolytic cell, as defined herein; b) immediately after step a), insert a new anode assembly, preheated to the specified temperature, in place of the used anode assembly removed using an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly out of an electrolytic cell, as defined herein, or according to the method for supplying an anode assembly of inert anodes, at a specified temperature, to an electrolytic cell, as defined herein, wherein steps a) and b) are performed while the cell is producing the non-ferrous metal, and wherein steps a) and b) are repeated for each used anode assembly of the cell to be replaced.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment, the non-ferrous metal is aluminum and the N anode assemblies comprise a plurality of inert anodes.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment, inert anodes are vertical inert anodes.

[0046] The present invention is compatible with the inert anode cell configuration and anode assembly and solves the issue of thermal shock. Advantageously, the thermal insulation of the transfer case allows maintaining Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 20 / 130 12 / 35 ensure homogeneity of the anode temperature and avoid thermal shock when introducing inert anodes into the hot electrolytic bath. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0047] Other examples of features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0048] Figure 1 is a schematic view of an anode assembly according to a preferred embodiment;

[0049] Figure 2 illustrates the transfer (B) of the anode assembly from a preconditioning station (A) to the electrolytic cell (C), according to a preferred embodiment;

[0050] Figure 3 is an open schematic view of a transfer case according to a preferred embodiment with (A) the handle bar in its isolated position, and (B) the handle bar in its loading-unloading position;

[0051] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the transfer case in its isolated position according to a preferred embodiment showing (A) the anode assembly behind the thermal shelter assembly, and (B) the anode assembly fixed to the handle bar inside the transfer case;

[0052] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the transfer case according to a preferred embodiment showing: (A) the transfer case in its loading-unloading position with the anode assembly below the thermal shelter assembly, and (B) a side view of the same with the door assembly in its open position;

[0053] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the transfer case according to a preferred embodiment with the handle bar in its isolated position and showing the different mechanisms for moving the handle bar up and down, for attaching / releasing the anode assembly and for making the electrical connection; Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 21 / 130 13 / 35

[0054] Figure 6B illustrates different positions of the electrical insulating elements of the transfer case according to the preferred embodiments;

[0055] Figure 7 illustrates details of the automatic connections of the transfer box or apparatus with the electrolytic cell according to a preferred embodiment;

[0056] Figure 8 illustrates the different steps for loading the preheated anode assembly into the transfer box of the preconditioning station in views (A) to (C), and for unloading the anode assembly from the transfer box into the electrolytic cell, view (D), according to preferred embodiments;

[0057] Figure 9 illustrates a different view of the transfer case and preconditioning station: when an anode assembly is loaded into the transfer case, front view (A) and side view (B), and the crane lifting the transfer case, front view (C), according to preferred embodiments;

[0058] Figure 10 illustrates the discharge of the anode assembly from the transfer case into the electrolytic cell: side view (A) and front view (B), according to preferred embodiments;

[0059] Figure 11 illustrates the removal of the transfer case once the anode assembly has been loaded into the electrolytic cell: side view (A) and front view (B), according to preferred embodiments;

[0060] Figure 12 is a flowchart to illustrate a method for providing an anode assembly of inert anodes at a specified temperature to an electrolytic cell for use in the production of a non-ferrous metal according to preferred embodiments;

[0061] Figure 13 is a flowchart to illustrate the method according to a first preferred embodiment;

[0062] Figure 14 is a flowchart to illustrate the method according to a second preferred embodiment; Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 22 / 130 14 / 35

[0063] Figure 15 is a flowchart to illustrate the method according to a third preferred embodiment;

[0064] Figure 16 is a flowchart to illustrate the method according to a fourth preferred embodiment;

[0065] Figure 17 is a schematic view of a cell preheater (CP) according to a preferred embodiment;

[0066] Figure 18 illustrates the transfer of a used anode assembly (SAA) from the electrolytic cell (left) to a maintenance cart (right), according to a preferred embodiment;

[0067] Figure 19 illustrates the transfer of a cell preheater (CP) from the electrolytic cell (left) to a car (right), according to a preferred embodiment;

[0068] Figure 20 is a schematic open view of an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly or a cell preheater out of an electrolytic cell, also referred to herein as CPLB, according to a preferred embodiment with the handling bar in its isolated position (left) and the handling bar in its loading / unloading position (right);

[0069] Figure 21 is a schematic view of the CPLB in its isolated position according to a preferred embodiment, with a CP fixed to the handle bar inside the CPLB;

[0070] Figure 22 is a schematic view of the CPLB in its isolated position according to a preferred embodiment, with an SAA fixed to the handlebar inside the CPLB;

[0071] Figure 23 is a schematic view of the CPLB according to a preferred embodiment showing: the CPLB in its loading-unloading position with a SAA attached to the handling bar (left) and a side view of the same (right);

[0072] Figure 24 is a schematic view of the CPLB according to a preferred embodiment showing: the CPLB in its position of Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, p. 23 / 130 15 / 35 Loading and unloading with a CP connected to the handlebar (left) and a side view of the same (right);

[0073] Figure 25 is a schematic open view of the CPLB according to a preferred embodiment with the handling bar in its isolated position supporting an SAA;

[0074] Figure 26 is a schematic open view of the CPLB according to a preferred embodiment with the handlebar in its isolated position supporting a CP;

[0075] Figure 27 is a schematic open view of the CPLB supporting a CP on an electrolytic cell with (A) and (B) showing details of a pair of automatic connections of the CPLB with the electrolytic cell according to a preferred embodiment;

[0076] Figure 28 is an open schematic view of the CPLB supporting an SAA on an electrolytic cell with (A) details of an automatic connection of the CPLB with the electrolytic cell according to a preferred embodiment;

[0077] Figure 29 illustrates the first step of bringing a CPLB closer to a car containing a CP according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0078] Figure 30 illustrates the second step of connecting the CPLB to the CP in the car according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0079] Figure 31 illustrates the third stage of raising the CPLB and CP from the car according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0080] Figure 32 illustrates the fourth step of lowering the CP of the CPLB positioned over the electrolytic cell according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0081] Figure 33 illustrates the first step in removing a CP from an electrolytic cell, once the cell has been heated by the CP, where CPLB is Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 24 / 130 16 / 35 positioned on the electrolytic cell containing the CP according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0082] Figure 34 illustrates the second step of removing the CP from the heated electrolytic cell, in which the CPLB handling bar is lowered before connection with the CP, according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0083] Figure 35 illustrates the third step of raising the CPLB and CP of the electrolytic cell according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0084] Figure 36 illustrates the fourth step of lowering and unloading the CP from the CPLB positioned on a car according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0085] Figure 37 illustrates the first step of removing an SAA from an electrolytic cell, in which the CPLB is positioned over the electrolytic cell containing the SAA according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0086] Figure 38 illustrates the second step of removing the SAA from the electrolytic cell, in which the CPLB handling bar is lowered before connection to the SAA, according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0087] Figure 39 illustrates the third step of raising the CPLB and SAA of the electrolytic cell according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0088] Figure 40 illustrates the fourth step of positioning the CPLB containing the SAA on a cart before lowering and unloading the SAA onto the cart according to the preferred embodiments, front view (left), side view (right);

[0089] Figure 41 illustrates different positions of the electrical insulating elements of the CPLB according to the preferred embodiments; Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 25 / 130 17 / 35

[0090] Figure 42 is a flowchart to illustrate a method for initiating an electrolytic cell to produce a non-ferrous metal according to preferred embodiments; and

[0091] Figure 43 is a flowchart to illustrate a method for replacing a used anode assembly of an electrolytic cell during the production of a non-ferrous metal, according to preferred embodiments. Detailed Description of the Transfer Case (TB):

[0092] A carbon anode is resistant to the thermal shock that occurs when the cold anode is introduced into the hot molten electrolyte and therefore no particular precautions need to be taken either to preheat or to avoid a temperature difference between the new anode and the electrolytic bath.

[0093] Inert anodes are typically made of stable composites that are sensitive to thermal shock. Due to the development of new or improved casting processes using stable composite anodes, new systems, equipment, and methods are required for the maintenance and replacement of anode assemblies in casting cells.

[0094] In an inert anode process, the anodes are made of a composite material. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, an anode assembly 10 is composed of a horizontal bar 12, including a flexible anode assembly 11, from which an assembly of individual anodes 14 is suspended. The anode assembly 10 is generally manipulated by an overhead crane 30 (as shown in Figures 8-11) to be typically positioned transversely to an electrolytic cell 40 (as shown in Figures 10-11).

[0095] As illustrated in Figure 2, the anode assembly (AA) 10 is first positioned in an anode preconditioning station 20, where the AA is preferably homogeneously preheated to a predetermined temperature close to the temperature of the electrolyte bath. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 26 / 130 18 / 35 molten 42 of the electrolytic cell 40. The subsequent transport of the anode assembly 10 from the anode preconditioning station 20 to the cell 40 is preferably carried out in such a way that the temperature of the inert anodes 14 and the temperature homogeneity are maintained. Preferably, the temperature of the inert anodes in the anode assembly (AA) when the inert anodes are immersed in the electrolyte bath is plus or minus 25°C from the bath temperature (predetermined tolerance range). The temperature loss within the transfer box is less than 10°C per hour. For this purpose, a new apparatus 100 was developed to transport an anode assembly of inert anodes while maintaining the temperature of the preheated inert anodes before immersing the inert anodes of the anode assembly in a molten electrolyte bath of an electrolytic cell.

[0096] The apparatus 100, as disclosed and illustrated in Figures 3 to 7, also referred to hereinafter as the transfer case or TB, comprises firstly a support structure 110 normally produced from assembled sheet metal elements. The apparatus 100 defines an internal space 112 configured to contain the anode assembly 10.

[0097] As illustrated in Figures 3-8, the transfer case 100 comprises an actuator assembly 120 coupled to the support structure 110 and comprising a handle bar 122 configured to support the anode assembly 10. The actuator assembly 120 is operable to move the handle bar 122 relative to the support structure between an isolated position (Figs. 3A-4A) to keep the anode assembly 10 within the internal space 112 of the support structure; and a loading / unloading position outside the internal space 112 for loading and unloading the anode assembly onto the handling bar 122 (Figs. 3B-4B).

[0098] As best illustrated in Figure 5(B), the support structure 110 comprises an open bottom 114 communicating with the internal space 112, and a door assembly 116 (Fig. B) operatively coupled to the support structure 110 to be movable between an open and a closed position. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 27 / 130 19 / 35 form to allow movement of the anode assembly 10 into and out of the transfer box 100. The door assembly 116 closes the open bottom 114 of the support structure 110 when the anode assembly 10 is inside the transfer box 100.

[0099] The support structure 110 is configured to move to an open state (See Fig. 5) when the handlebar 122 is moved from the isolated position to the loading-unloading position, and to move to a closed state (See Fig. 6) when the handlebar 122 is moved from the loading-unloading position to the isolated position.

[0100] In a traditional Hall-Heroult cell, an anode assembly typically comprises a vertical rod that is placed on the carbon anode and is manipulated by an overhead crane that positions the new anodes against the anodic structure of the cell (centered on the longitudinal axis of the cell) and connects the anode to the structure (mechanical and electrical connection) via a connector that is actuated by the crane. Lateral positioning of the anode assembly is achieved by inserting the rod between two guides bolted to the anodic structure. Vertical positioning is achieved by moving the anodic mast of the overhead crane from which the anode assembly is suspended. The vertical positioning of the new anode assembly is crucial for the cell's performance, since the active faces of the anode and cathode are horizontal.

[0101] In the case of the inert anode cell, it must be understood that high positioning accuracy is required in the longitudinal vertical direction (z-axis) and in the transverse directions (x and y axes) to ensure the correct anode / cathode spacing, since the active faces of the anode and cathode are vertical. Vertical positioning is typically achieved by moving the winch of the overhead crane 30, through which the transfer case 100 is suspended. The electrical connection is typically made by screwing the flexible anode assembly 11 onto the anodic equipotential bar that is longitudinal to the cell. As illustrated in Figures 3 to 6, the actuator assembly 120 allows movement of the bar. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 28 / 130 20 / 35 handling rod 122 (z-axis) between the isolated position and the loading / unloading position, preventing horizontal tilting of the anode assembly. The actuator assembly 120 may comprise a first motor 124 and a second motor 126, each being coupled respectively to a corresponding threaded rod 125-127 disposed at opposite longitudinal ends of the handling rod 122 along which the rod (Figs. 3A-4A) is raised and lowered. The two lifting motors 124-126 are preferably coupled so as to allow the anode assembly to descend perfectly horizontally and to ensure that the horizontal rod 12 of the anode assembly 10 can engage freely with its positioning pins.

[0102] As illustrated in Figure 6, the handle bar 122 may comprise at least one fail-safe suspension device 130 for securing and supporting the anode assembly. The fail-safe suspension device 130 engages with a corresponding handle pin 132 of the anode assembly when lowering the handle bar onto the anode assembly. The fail-safe device is preferably a semi-automatic fail-safe device that engages with the handle pins of the anode assembly when lowering onto the anode assembly, thus reducing the risk of dropping an anode assembly. The fail-safe devices 130 can only disengage when the anode assembly is supported on the superstructure 44 of the electrolytic cell 40.

[0103] As illustrated in Figures 4 to 6, the apparatus 100 may also comprise a thermal shelter assembly 140 extending from an inner surface of the support structure 110 to contact the inert anodes of the anode assembly and to be operative for isolating the anode assembly 10 on a plurality of sides when the anode assembly is in the internal space 112. The thermal shelter assembly 140 may comprise several thermal panels 142 arranged vertically and horizontally within the support structure to interface with the corresponding vertical surfaces of the inert anodes 14 when the anode assembly 10 is in the internal space 112. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 29 / 130 21 / 35 For example, the thermal shelter assembly may comprise a refractory lining 144. In addition, the thermal shelter assembly may be equipped with a heating system, such as electric heaters, to heat or maintain the temperature of the preheated inert anodes when the anode assembly is in the interior space.

[0104] Figure 6 shows the inert anodes 14 of the anode assembly 10 enclosed by the thermal panels 142 of the thermal shelter 140 and the lower doors 116 also equipped with thermal insulation 144. The support structure 110 then defines a lower hot zone 146 comprising the inert anodes 14 and in which the temperature of the inert anodes 14 is maintained during the transport of the apparatus 100 towards the cell (See Figures 2 or 9). The insulating structure 100 is also configured to allow ventilation of an upper cold zone 148 located within the internal space 112 above the anode assembly 10 and the lower hot zone 144, to maintain the upper cold zone 148 at a temperature lower than the hot zone. For example, when the temperature inside the lower hot zone is about 900°C, the temperature in the upper cold zone can be about 150°C.

[0105] Figure 6B illustrates the different positions of the electrical insulating elements 151-154 of the transfer case 100. In particular, a first electrical insulating element 151 may be positioned between the support structure 110 and the guide pins 118, a second electrical insulating element 152 in an upper portion of the actuator assembly 120, a third electrical insulating element 153 between the automatic connection assembly 134 and the support structure 110, and also possibly a fourth electrical insulating element 154 to isolate the transfer case 100 from the crane, for example, in collaboration with a handling hook 160 in the upper section of the case. This fourth element 154 may also be part of the main support bridge or crane 30.

[0106] As shown in Figures 6-8, in order to ensure vertical (z-axis) and transverse (x, y-axis) alignment of the anode assembly with cell 40, Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 30 / 130 22 / 35 the apparatus 100 may further comprise guide pins 118 which connect with corresponding holes 119 of the electrolytic cell superstructure 40, thus allowing precise positioning in the cell. The guide pins 118 may be movable using movable systems 117, to facilitate insertion of the pins into their respective corresponding hole 119. Pin 118 is also configured to connect to or be inserted into the corresponding holes 22 of the preconditioner 20, as shown in Figure 8(A).

[0107] As shown in Figure 7, the actuator assembly 120 may further comprise an automatic connection assembly 134 for electrically connecting the anode assembly 10 to the electrolytic cell 40. Preferably, the electrical connection is a high-intensity (HI) connection. The automatic connection assembly 134 may comprise a pneumatic switch, a synchronized screwing system, and high-amperage connector(s).

[0108] As shown in Figure 8, the apparatus 100, and more particularly the support structure 110, is configured to be mechanically fixed to an overhead crane 30 for transport.

[0109] According to another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for providing an anode assembly of inert anodes at a determined temperature to an electrolytic cell for use in the production of a non-ferrous metal, such as, but not limited to, aluminum. Reference may be made to the drawings in Figures 2 and 8 to 11 and to the flowcharts in Figures 12 to 16.

[0110] As illustrated in Figures 2 and 12, method 1000 typically comprises the following steps: preheat the inert anodes 14 of the anode assembly 10 to the determined temperature 1100, the anode assembly 10 being located outside the electrolytic cell 40; Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 31 / 130 23 / 35 transport the anode assembly 10 towards the electrolytic cell while maintaining the determined temperature of the preheated inert anodes 1200; and immerse the preheated inert anodes of the anode assembly in a molten electrolyte bath of the electrolytic cell 1300.

[0111] As illustrated in Figure 8 or 13, step a) of preheating the inert anodes of the anode assembly 1100 is carried out within a preconditioner 20, also called a preconditioning station, located at a distance from the electrolytic cell (Fig. 8A), 1110. The preconditioner is configured to receive the anode assembly (Fig. 8A) and to heat the inert anodes to a determined or predetermined temperature that must be close to the temperature of the molten electrolyte bath 42 of the electrolytic cell 40, in which the inert anodes will be immersed.In order to maintain the temperature of the inert anodes during transport towards the cell 40, the method further comprises, preferably before step b) 1120, the step of removing the anode assembly from the anode assembly preconditioner 20 while packing the anode assembly inside the insulating transport apparatus 100 configured to transport the anode assembly towards the electrolytic cell while maintaining constant, or nearly constant, the determined temperatures of the inert anodes.

[0112] According to a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in Figures 8 and 14, the step of removing the anode assembly from the anode assembly preconditioner and packaging the anode assembly in the insulating transport apparatus 1120 may comprise the steps of: Position the insulating transport device 100 over the anode assembly 10 located in the anode preconditioner 20 (See Fig. 8A), as with the use of a crane 30 having a cable attached to the transfer box 1121; lower a handling bar 122 from an internal space 112 of the insulating transport apparatus for anode mounting (See Fig. 8B) 1122; Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 32 / 130 24 / 35 connect the anode assembly to the handling bar 1223; and raise the handling bar with the anode assembly connected to it from the anode assembly preconditioner 20 and into the internal space of the insulating transport device (Fig. 8C) 1224.

[0113] According to a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in Figures 9 and 15, the step of transporting the anode assembly 10 towards the electrolytic cell 40 while maintaining the determined temperature of the preheated inert anodes 1200, may comprise the steps of: Lift the transport apparatus using crane 1210 and move crane 30 in a controlled manner towards the electrolytic cell (Figures 9 and 10), while the temperature of the inert anodes 14 inside the transport box 1220 is maintained, for example, by means of the thermal shelter or other devices described herein to maintain a constant temperature.

[0114] According to a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in Figures 8, 10 and 16, the step of immersing the preheated inert anodes of the anode assembly in a molten electrolyte bath of the electrolytic cell 1300 comprises: Position the insulating transport device over the electrolytic cell (See Fig. 8C or 10A) 1310; lower the anode assembly 10 of the insulating transport apparatus into the electrolytic cell until the preheated inert anodes 14 are immersed in the molten electrolyte bath (Fig. 8D or 10B) 1320; mechanically connect the anode assembly 10 to the electrolytic cell 1330; electrically connect the inert anodes 14 of the anode assembly 10 to the electrolytic cell 1340; and release the anode assembly from the insulating transport apparatus 1350.

[0115] According to a preferred embodiment, the step of lowering the anode assembly into the production vessel or cell bath may comprise the step of connecting the guide pins of the transport apparatus. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 33 / 130 25 / 35 insulator to the respective receiving openings of the electrolytic cell during the descent of the anode assembly into the electrolytic cell with the guide pins connected.

[0116] According to a preferred embodiment, the step of electrically connecting the inert anodes of the anode assembly to the electrolytic cell may comprise pneumatically screwing a flexible portion of the anode assembly onto an anodic equipotential bar of the electrolytic cell.

[0117] As described in this document, the insulating conveyor apparatus comprises a support structure and an actuator assembly coupled thereto, the actuator assembly comprising a handling bar configured to support the anode assembly and to move the anode assembly vertically. Therefore, the step of releasing the anode assembly from the insulating conveyor apparatus may comprise the step of releasing the anode assembly from the handling bar. The method may further comprise, after releasing the anode assembly from the handling bar, raising the handling bar into the support structure of the insulating conveyor apparatus; and removing the insulated conveyor apparatus from the electrolytic.

[0118] As described in this document, the insulating transport apparatus 100 comprises a door assembly 116 for sealing an opening 114 through which the anode assembly enters and exits the insulating transport apparatus. Then, the method may further comprise: When removing the anode assembly from the anode preconditioner and placing the anode assembly in the insulating transport device: (i) move the door assembly to an open position; (ii) raise the anode assembly into an internal space of the insulated transport apparatus; and (iii) close the door assembly; and when installing the anode assembly in the electrolytic cell: (i) move the door assembly to the open position; and Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 34 / 130 26 / 35 (ii) lower the anode assembly from the internal space of the insulating transport device into the electrolytic.

[0119] As illustrated in Figure 11, once the anode assembly has been discharged into the electrolytic cell 40, the box is lifted by crane 30 to return to preconditioning station 20 to load a subsequent anode assembly. Cell Preheater Lifting Bar, or CPLB:

[0120] As mentioned earlier, electrolytic cells that operate with inert anodes need to be preheated, usually using a cell preheater, also referred to here as a CP. The cell preheater must be inserted into the cell tank to preheat the cell, which typically contains dry electrolyte to be melted, and then removed from the cell before the preheated anodes are introduced into the cell. Furthermore, although inert anodes do not need to be removed from a cell as frequently as consumable carbon anodes, a used anode assembly (SAA) should be removed from time to time for maintenance and immediate replacement with a new preheated anode assembly (AA).The Applicant has therefore developed a device, called a cell preheater lifting bar, or CPLB, similar to the transfer box as disclosed in this document, for safely and accurately inserting a CP into a cell, removing the same CP from the cell once the cell is preheated. The CPLB can also be used to remove a spent anode assembly (SAA) from the cell before inserting a new preheated anode assembly into the cell using the transfer box (TB).

[0121] Figure 17 is a schematic view of a cell preheater (CP) that was also developed by the Applicant. The cell preheater 200 may comprise at least one electric heater 210 comprising at least one resistor electrically powered via a bus 220. The CP 200 is configured to be installed in the electrolytic cell in place of the corresponding anode assembly to preheat the cell before installation. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 35 / 130 27 / 35 the corresponding anode assembly in the cell. As described further in this document, the bus 220 may comprise connecting elements 234 for connecting the CPLB to the CP and carrying the CP. This example of CP is disclosed in the Applicant's provisional application USSN: 63 / 018,680, filed May 1, 2020, with the USPTO, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Any other type of cell preheater may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0122] Figure 18 illustrates the transfer of a used anode assembly (SAA) 50 from the electrolytic cell 40 (left), in which the SAA is electrically connected to the equipotential (symbols (+) and (-)) of the cell, to a transport cart for out-of-facility maintenance 60 (right).

[0123] Figure 19 illustrates the transfer of a cell preheater 200 (CP) from electrolytic cell 40 (left) to cart 60 (right). Initialization of the cell requires the removal of the CP once the cell has been heated to the temperature required for the electrolysis reaction. The CP is connected upstream of the cell equipotentiality (symbol (+)) and downstream of the cell equipotentiality (symbol (-)). Once removed, the CP is placed in a cart for transport out of the facility. The CP is immediately replaced in the cell with a new anode assembly, for example, using the transfer box 100, as described in this document.

[0124] Figure 20 is a schematic open view of the CPLB 300 according to a preferred embodiment. The apparatus 300 comprises a support structure 310 defining an internal space 312; an actuator assembly 320 coupled to the support structure 310 and configured to support the anode assembly or the cell preheater. As shown in Figure 20, the actuator assembly 320 is operable to move vertically between an isolated position (left drawing), where the cell preheater or anode assembly used will be positioned in the internal space 312 of the support structure 310, as illustrated in Figures 21 and 22, respectively; and a loading-unloading position (Figure 20, right drawing), in Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 36 / 130 28 / 35 that the anode assembly or cell preheater will be outside the support structure to load the anode assembly or cell preheater onto the actuator assembly or unload the anode assembly or cell preheater from the actuator assembly.

[0125] According to a preferred embodiment, the actuator assembly 320 of the CPLB comprises a horizontal handling bar 322 configured to connect in a removable manner to the anode assembly and to move the cell preheater or anode assembly vertically within the internal space. The actuator assembly 320 may comprise a first motor 324 and a second motor 326 supported by the support structure 310, each motor being coupled, respectively, to a moving element 325 disposed at opposite longitudinal ends of the handling bar 322 along which the handling bar is raised and lowered vertically. Preferably, the moving element 325 may comprise, for each motor 324, 326, a threaded rod or a motor-driven chain for raising or lowering the handling bar 322.

[0126] As shown in Figures 25 and 26, the actuator assembly may further comprise fail-safe suspension device(s) 330 for engaging and providing removable support to the cell preheater (Fig. 26) or anode assembly (Fig. 25). The fail-safe suspension device(s) 330 for the CPLB may be the same as the fail-safe suspension device(s) 130 of the transfer case, as described in this document. The fail-safe suspension device 330 engages with a corresponding handling pin 332 of the cell preheater 200 or anode assembly (used) 50 when lowering the actuator assembly onto the cell preheater or anode assembly.

[0127] Figure 23 is a schematic view of the CPLB 300 according to a preferred embodiment, showing the CPLB in its loading-unloading position with an SAA 50 attached to a handlebar 322 of the actuator assembly 320 (the left drawing is the front view and the Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, p. 37 / 130 Figure 24 is a schematic view of the CPLB 300 according to a preferred embodiment, showing the CPLB 300 in its loading-unloading position with a CP 200 attached to the handlebar (left drawing is the front view and right drawing is the side view). Figure 25 is a schematic open view of the CPLB 300, according to a preferred embodiment, with the handlebar 322 in its isolated position supporting SAA 50, while Figure 26 is a schematic open view of the CPLB 300 according to a preferred embodiment with the handlebar 322 in its isolated position supporting a CP 200.

[0128] As shown in Figures 25 and 26, the apparatus or CPLB 300 may further comprise a thermal enclosure 340 supported by the support structure 310 to protect the support structure from heat radiated from the cell preheater or anode assembly used when the cell preheater or anode assembly used is removed from the cell. The thermal enclosures may comprise a refractory lining. Thermal enclosures as described above for the transfer box 100 may be used.

[0129] As shown in Figures 25 to 28, the CPLB 300 further comprises an automated connection system 334 configured to electrically connect the cell preheater 200 to the electrolytic cell 40 when the cell preheater is installed on the cell, or to electrically disconnect the cell preheater from the electrolytic cell before removing the cell preheater. The CPLB 300 may have two opposing automated connection systems 334, as shown in Figures 25-27, to electrically connect the CP 200 to the cell 40. Figure 27 is an open schematic view of the CPLB 300 supporting a CP 200 on an electrolytic cell with (A) and (B) showing details of the automatic connection pair 334 of the CPLB with the electrolytic cell according to a preferred embodiment.When the CPLB 300 is used to remove and transport an SAA, only one of the automated connection systems 334 is used (see Figure 26), or the CPLB has only one automated connection system 334. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 38 / 130 30 / 35 as shown in Figure 28. Figure 28 is an open schematic view of the CPLB supporting an SAA over an electrolytic cell with (A) details of an automatic connection of the CPLB with the electrolytic cell according to a preferred embodiment.

[0130] As shown in Figure 25, the support structure is configured to allow ventilation of an upper zone 313 of the support structure 312 to maintain the upper zone at a lower temperature than a lower hot zone containing the cell preheater or the used anodes of the anode assembly. For example, the upper zone 313 over the bar 322 can be opened, allowing natural ventilation of the upper zone 313. Methods of using the CPLB

[0131] Figures 29 to 32 illustrate the different steps of using the CPLB 300 to transport a CP 200 and install it in the cell, with the drawings on the left showing a front view and the drawings on the right showing a side view. Figure 29 illustrates the first step of bringing the CPLB 300 close to a carriage 60 containing a CP. Figure 30 illustrates the second step of connecting the CPLB 300 to the CP 200 on carriage 60. Figure 31 illustrates the third step of lifting the CPLB 300 and the CP 200 from carriage 60 before transporting it to the cell 40 to be preheated. Figure 32 illustrates the fourth step of lowering the CP from the CPLB into the electrolytic cell 40, once the CPLB has been positioned over the cell 40. In the second step above, the CPLB is precisely placed over the cell thanks to the guide pins 318 (Fig. 32). The electrical connections are made by the interactions between the CPLB and the automated connection system 334 in collaboration with two electrical pods.As shown in Figure 32, the CPLB can be activated to place multiple CP 200s in the same electrolytic cell.

[0132] Figures 33 to 36 illustrate the different stages of using the CPLB 300 to remove and transport one or more CP 200s from the cell, once each CP has heated the cell, with the drawings on the left showing a front view and the drawings on the right showing a side view. Figure 33 illustrates the Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 39 / 130 31 / 35 First step of removing the CP 200 from the electrolytic cell 40, once the cell has been heated by the CP. The CPLB 300 is precisely positioned over the electrolytic cell containing the CP with the help of the guide pins 318. As shown in Figure 34, the bar 322 descends to grip and lock the CP with the fail-safe suspension device(s) 330. The two electrical pods are disconnected from the CP using the automated connection system 334. Figure 35 illustrates the third step of raising the CPLB and the CP from the electrolytic cell. Figure 36 illustrates the fourth step of lowering and unloading the CP from the CPLB positioned on a cart for subsequent transport and maintenance.

[0133] Figures 37 to 40 illustrate the different steps of using the CPLB 300 to remove a spent anode assembly (SAA) from cell 40, with the drawings on the left showing a front view and the drawings on the right showing a side view. Figure 37 illustrates the first step during which the CPLB 300 is precisely positioned over the electrolytic cell 40 containing the SAA, using the guide pins 318. Figure 38 illustrates the second step of removing the SAA from the electrolytic cell, in which the handling bar 322 of the CPLB 300 is lowered before gripping and locking the SAA, as described for the CP above. The SAA is electrically disconnected from the cell, as described for the CP above. Figure 39 illustrates the third step of raising the CPLB 300 and the SAA 50 from the electrolytic cell 40. Finally, Figure 40 illustrates the fourth step of positioning the CPLB 300 containing the SAA 50 on a cart 60 before lowering and unloading the SAA onto the cart for subsequent transport and maintenance.

[0134] Figure 41 illustrates different positions of electrical insulating elements of the CPLB according to preferred embodiments. Regarding the transfer case 100 described herein, the electrical insulating elements 351354 can be located in different positions of the CPLB 300. In particular: a first electrical insulating element 351 can be inserted between the support structure 310 and the guide pins 318, a second electrical insulating element 352 can be inserted in an upper portion of the actuator assembly. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, p. 40 / 130 32 / 35 320, a third electrical insulating element 353 can be inserted between the automated connection assembly 334 and the support structure 310, and a fourth electrical insulating element 354 can be inserted to isolate the crane transfer box 100, for example, in conjunction with a handling hook 360 in the upper section of the CPLB. This fourth element 354 can also be part of the main support bridge or crane 30 (See, for example, Figure 40). A fifth electrical insulating element 355 can be inserted into a lower surface of the handlebar 322 to prevent any electrical contact or short circuit of the CP heating resistor during connection or disconnection of the handlebar 322. Combined uses of the transfer case (TB) and the cell preheater lift bar (CPLB) for the maintenance of an electrolytic cell.

[0135] Figure 42 is a flowchart to illustrate the method, according to preferred embodiments, for the initialization and maintenance of an electrolytic cell for the production of a non-ferrous metal, the electrolytic cell being configured to contain a number N of anode assemblies, with N > 1. Typically, a cell may contain up to 17 anode assemblies.

[0136] The 2000 method comprises: a) Install N cell preheaters in the cell in place of the N 2100 anode assemblies; b) preheat the cell with the N cell preheaters until a temperature set in the cell is reached, 2200; c) pour a molten electrolytic bath into the cell and, optionally, a portion of molten metal 2300; (d) removing a first cell preheater using an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly or a cell preheater out of an electrolytic cell, or CPLB, as defined in this document 2400; Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 41 / 130 33 / 35 (e) insert a preheated anode assembly in place of the removed cell preheater using an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly out of an electrolytic cell, as defined herein, or TB, or according to the method for supplying an anode assembly of inert anodes at a determined temperature to an electrolytic cell for use in the production of a non-ferrous metal, as defined herein, 2500, and repeat (N-1) times the steps d) 2400 and e) 2500 until all cell preheaters are replaced by preheated anode assemblies 2600.

[0137] Figure 43 is a flowchart to illustrate the method, according to preferred embodiments, for replacing a used anode assembly of an electrolytic cell during the production of a non-ferrous metal, the cell comprising N anode assemblies, with N > 1, immersed in a molten electrolytic bath at a determined temperature. Typically, the determined temperature when the electrolyte bath comprises alumina for aluminum production is 750 to 1000°C, for example, about 850°C.

[0138] Method 3000 comprises: (a) remove the used anode assembly from the cell using an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly or a cell preheater out of an electrolytic cell, or CPLB, as defined in this document, 3100; and b) immediately after step a), insert a new anode assembly, preheated to the specified temperature, in place of the used anode assembly removed using an apparatus for transporting an anode assembly out of an electrolytic cell, or transfer box, as defined in this document, or according to the method for supplying an anode assembly of inert anodes, at a specified temperature, to an electrolytic cell for use in the production of a non-ferrous metal, as defined in this document 3200; where steps a) and b) are performed while the cell is producing the non-ferrous metal, and Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, page 42 / 130 34 / 35 where steps a) and b) are repeated for each used anode assembly of the cell to be replaced.

[0139] According to a preferred embodiment of methods 20003000, the nonferrous metal is aluminum and the N anode assemblies comprise a plurality of inert anodes. More preferably, the aggregate anodes are vertical aggregate anodes.

[0140] Advantageously, the thermal support of the transfer apparatus or transfer box (TB) allows maintaining the homogeneity of the anode temperature and avoiding thermal shock when introducing the inert anodes into the hot electrolytic bath.

[0141] The existing solution used for the traditional Hall-Heroult process is not applicable to the inert anode process due to the different configuration of the cell and anode assembly. Furthermore, it does not address the constraint related to preventing thermal shock in the anode. The present invention is compatible with the anode assembly and inert anode cell configuration and solves the thermal shock issue.

[0142] Furthermore, the TB and CPLB, according to the present invention, are advantageously used together to operate electrolytic cells, for cell initialization using cell preheaters and the precise insertion of preheated anode assemblies in place of the cell preheaters, preserving the temperature of the cell and the heated anode assemblies, thereby avoiding thermal shocks. The TB and CPLB according to the present invention are advantageously used together to replace a used anode assembly with a new preheated anode assembly while maintaining the other anode assemblies of the cell that produce the non-ferrous metal. The TB allows for quick and precise mechanical and electrical connections of the anode assembly in the cell, which is an important requirement when inert or oxygen-containing anodes are in use for a long period of time compared to consumable anodes, such as carbon anodes.CPLB allows for quick and accurate installation of... Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, p. 43 / 130 35 / 35 cell preheaters in the cell, as well as the quick and safe removal of the used cell preheaters or anode assembly.

[0143] The description of the present invention has been given for illustrative purposes only, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments have been chosen to explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, and to enable others skilled in the art to understand the invention in order to implement various embodiments with various modifications that may be suitable for other contemplated uses. Petition 870250054748, dated 06 / 27 / 2025, p. 44 / 130

Claims

1 / 4 Claims 1. APPARATUS (300) FOR TRANSPORTING A USED ANODE ASSEMBLY (50) OR A CELL PREHEATER (200) OUT OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL (40), characterized in that the cell preheater (200) is configured to be inserted into the cell to preheat the cell before inserting a preheated anode assembly (50) into the preheated cell, the apparatus (300) comprising: a support structure (310) defining an internal space (312); an actuator assembly (320) coupled to the support structure (310) and configured to support the spent anode assembly or the cell preheater, the actuator assembly (320) being operable to move the cell preheater between: an isolated position, where the spent anode assembly or the cell preheater is positioned in the internal space (312) of the support structure (310);and a loading-unloading position, wherein the used anode assembly or cell preheater is outside the support structure to load the used anode assembly or cell preheater onto the actuator assembly or unload the used anode assembly or cell preheater from the actuator assembly; and an automated connection system (334) configured to electrically connect the cell preheater (200) to the electrolytic cell (40) when the cell preheater is installed in the cell, or to electrically disconnect the used anode assembly or cell preheater from the electrolytic cell before removing them from the cell preheater.

2. APPARATUS (300), according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator assembly further comprises an electrical isolation system for electrically isolating the cell preheater (200) or the anode assembly (50) from the actuator assembly (320). Petition 870260075815, dated 29 / 07 / 2026, page 8 / 44 2 / 4 3. APPARATUS (300), according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuator assembly (320) comprises a horizontal handling bar (322) configured to connect in a removable manner to the anode assembly (50) and to move vertically the cell preheater (200) or the anode assembly within the internal space (312).

4. APPARATUS (300), according to claim 3, characterized in that the actuator assembly (320) comprises a first motor (324) and a second motor (326) supported by the support structure (310), each motor being coupled respectively to a movable element (325) disposed at opposite longitudinal ends of the handle bar (322) along which the handle bar is raised and lowered vertically.

5. APPARATUS (300), according to claim 4, characterized in that the moving element (325) comprises a threaded rod or a motor-driven chain for raising or lowering the handle bar (322).

6. APPARATUS (300), according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the actuator assembly (320) comprises a fail-safe suspension device (330) for engaging and providing removable support to the cell preheater (200) or to the anode assembly (50).

7. APPARATUS (300), according to claim 6, characterized in that the fail-safe suspension device (330) engages with a corresponding handling pin (332) of the cell preheater (200) or anode assembly (50) when lowering the actuator assembly (320) onto the cell preheater or anode assembly.

8. APPARATUS (300), according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by further comprising a thermal shelter (340) supported by the support structure (310) to protect the support structure from heat radiation from the cell preheater (200) or anode assembly (50) when the cell preheater or anode assembly is removed from the cell (40). Petition 870260075815, dated 29 / 07 / 2026, page 9 / 44 3 / 4 9. APPARATUS (300), according to claim 8, characterized in that the thermal shelters (340) comprise refractory lining.

10. APPARATUS (300), according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the support structure is configured to allow ventilation of an upper zone (313) of the support structure (310) to maintain the upper zone at a lower temperature than a lower hot zone containing the cell preheater (200) or the anodes of the anode assembly (50).

11. APPARATUS (300), according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by further comprising guide pins (318) that connect to an electrolytic cell structure (40) to facilitate the operational installation of the cell preheater (200) or the anode assembly (50) therein.

12. APPARATUS (300), according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the automated connection assembly (334) comprises a pair of pneumatic wrenches and a synchronized screwing system.

13. APPARATUS (300), according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the support structure (310) comprises a fastening element, which is configured to be mechanically fixed to an overhead crane for transporting the apparatus.

14. METHOD FOR REPLACING A USED ANODE ASSEMBLY (50) OF AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL (40) DURING THE PRODUCTION OF A NON-FERROUS METAL characterized in that the cell comprises N anode assemblies, with N > 1, immersed in a molten electrolytic bath at a determined temperature, the method comprising: a) removing the used anode assembly (50) from the cell using an apparatus (300) for transporting an anode assembly or a cell preheater out of an electrolytic cell (40), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13; b) immediately after step a), inserting a new anode assembly, preheated to the determined temperature, in place of the used anode assembly. Petition 870260075815, dated 29 / 07 / 2026, p.10 / 44 4 / 4 (50) removed using an apparatus (300) to transport an anode assembly out of an electrolytic cell, wherein steps a) and b) are performed while the cell is producing non-ferrous metal, and wherein steps a) and b) are repeated for each used anode assembly of the cell to be replaced.

15. METHOD, according to claim 14, characterized in that the non-ferrous metal is aluminum and the N anode assemblies comprise a plurality of inert vertical anodes (14). Petition 870260075815, dated 29 / 07 / 2026, page 11 / 44

Images