Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof for TNF-type 1a ligands (TL1A), method for their preparation, polynucleotide, vector, host cell, use and liquid composition.

Description

Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof for TNF-type 1a ligands (TL1A), method for their preparation, polynucleotide, vector, host cell, use and liquid composition. Divided from BR 11 2022 007720 3, deposited on 23.10.2020 CROSS-REFERENCE

[001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 925,736, filed October 24, 2019, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. SEQUENCE LISTING

[002] This application contains a Sequence Listing that was submitted electronically in ASCII format and is therefore incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on October 23, 2020, is named 56884-767_601_SL.txt and is 376,991 bytes in size. FOUNDATION

[003] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a collection of intestinal disorders that cause inflammatory conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. The primary types of IBD are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). These diseases are widespread, with approximately 1.86 million people diagnosed globally with UC, and approximately 1.3 million people diagnosed globally with CD. Severe forms of IBD can be characterized by intestinal fibrosis, which is the accumulation of scar tissue in the intestinal wall. There are a limited number of therapies available for patients with IBD, and the development of new therapies has been hampered by suboptimal results in clinical trials. In addition, a significant number of patients experience a lack of response or loss of response to existing anti-inflammatory therapies. While the patient Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 26 / 503 2 / 456 is treated with this ineffective anti-inflammatory therapy, and the disease worsens. Currently, the only treatment for patients who do not respond to first-line therapies is surgery, in the form of structural plasty (bowel reshaping) or resection (bowel removal). Surgical treatments for IBD are invasive, causing postoperative risks for an estimated one-third of patients undergoing surgery, such as anastomotic leakage, infection, and bleeding.

[004] The pathogenesis of IBD is believed to involve an uncontrolled immune response that can be triggered by certain environmental factors in a genetically susceptible host. The heterogeneity of the disease pathogenesis and clinical course, combined with the variable response to treatment and its associated side effects, suggests that a targeted therapeutic approach to the treatment of these diseases is a desirable treatment strategy. However, there are very few targeted therapies available for patients with IBD, especially patients who are non-responders to existing IBD therapies. Consequently, there is a need for novel therapies to treat IBD that specifically target the pathogenesis of IBD. SUMMARY

[005] The present description provides tumor necrosis factor 1A ligand-binding antibodies (TL1A) for the treatment of IBD, including severe forms of IBD characterized by intestinal fibrosis. In several respects, the antibodies described herein possess characteristics useful for therapeutic application, such as low immunogenicity, and / or characteristics that facilitate antibody fabrication, such as a high percentage of the monomeric fraction, as measured by size exclusion chromatography, and / or high expression. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 27 / 503 3 / 456

[006] In one aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to TL1A, comprising a variable heavy chain scaffold region comprising a human IGHV146*02 scaffold or a modified human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold, and a variable light chain scaffold region comprising a human IGKV3-20 scaffold or a modified human IGKV3-20 scaffold; wherein the variable heavy chain scaffold region and the variable light chain scaffold region collectively comprise less than 9 amino acid modifications from the human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold and the human IGKV320 scaffold.In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises: (a) a modification at amino acid position 47 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (b) a modification at amino acid position 45 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (c) a modification at amino acid position 55 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (d) a modification at amino acid position 78 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (e) a modification at amino acid position 80 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (f) a modification at amino acid position 82 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (g) a modification at amino acid position 89 in the variable region of the heavy chain; or (h) a modification at amino acid position 91 in the variable region of the heavy chain; by Kabat numbering; or a combination of two or more modifications selected from (a) to (h).In some embodiments, (a) the amino acid modification is at position 47 in the variable region of the heavy chain, and the amino acid at position 47 is R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V; (b) the amino acid modification is at position 45 in the variable region of the heavy chain, and the amino acid at position 45 is A, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V; (c) the amino acid modification is at position 55 in the variable region of the heavy chain, and the amino acid at position 55 is A, R, N,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 28 / 503 4 / 456 (d) the amino acid modification is at position 78 in the variable heavy chain region, and the amino acid at position 78 is A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V; (e) the amino acid modification is at position 80 in the variable heavy chain region, and the amino acid at position 80 is A, R, N, D, C, QE, G, H, I, L, K, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V; (f) the amino acid modification is at position 82 in the variable heavy chain region, and the amino acid at position 82 is A, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V; (g) the amino acid modification is at position 89 in the variable heavy chain region, and the amino acid at position 89 is A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, or Y; or (h) the amino acid modification is at position 91 in the variable heavy chain region, and the amino acid at position 91 is A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V;or a combination of two or more modifications selected from (a) to (h). In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise one or more of: A47R, R45K, M55I, V78A, M80I, R82T, V89A, M91L in the variable heavy chain region, numbered Aho. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises: (a) a modification at amino acid position 54 in the variable light chain region; and / or (b) a modification at amino acid position 55 in the variable light chain region; numbered Kabat. In some embodiments, (a) the amino acid modification is at position 54 of the variable light chain region, and the amino acid at position 54 is A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V;and / or (b) the amino acid modification is at position 55 of the variable light chain region, and the amino acid at position 55 is A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise L54P and / or L55W in the variable light chain region, numbered Aho. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain CDR1; Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 29 / 503 5 / 456 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 1, a heavy-chain CDR2 as specified by any of the SEQ ID NOS: 2-5, a heavy-chain CDR3 as specified by any of the SEQ ID NOS: 6-9, a light-chain CDR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 10, a light-chain CDR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 11, and a light-chain CDR3 as specified by any of the SEQ ID NOS: 12-15. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain CDR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 1, a heavy chain CDR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 2, a heavy chain CDR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 6, a light chain CDR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 10, a light chain CDR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 11, and a light chain CDR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 12.In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises comprising a heavy chain (FR) 1 scaffold as specified by SEQ ID NO: 304, a heavy chain FR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 305 or SEQ ID NO: 313, a heavy chain FR3 as specified by any of SEQ ID NO: 306, 307, 314, or 315, a heavy chain FR4 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 308, a light chain FR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 309, a light chain FR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 310, a light chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 311, or a light chain FR4 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 312, or a combination thereof.In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG1 Fc region comprising (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, or 329R (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, or 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 30 / 503 6 / 456 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, ou 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, ou 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E ou 339L, (ii) 343I ou 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, ou 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, ou 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D ou 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M, ou 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, ou 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, ou 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E, (vv) L234A e L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, e G237A, (xx) L234A, L235A, e P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, e P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, e G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, e P331S (bbb) L234A, L235A, G237A, P238S, H268A, A330S, e P331S (IgGla), (ccc) L234A, L235A, e P329A, (ddd) G236R e L328R, (eee) G237A, (fff) F241A, (ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A e N297A,(jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of two or more selected from (a) - (uu), by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises an Fc region of human IgG4. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises an Fc region comprising a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 320-362. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises at least about 80% monomeric fraction, as determined by size exclusion chromatography. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment expresses at least about 20 pg / mL total antibody, optionally about 20 pg / mL and 70 pg / mL total antibody.

[007] In another aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment is provided here that binds to necrosis factor-type protein 1A. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 31 / 503 7 / 456 tumoral (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104, and a variable light chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 97% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least 97% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least 98% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least 98% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201.In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 201.

[008] In another aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor-like protein 1A (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 101-135, and a variable light chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 201-206.

[009] In some embodiments, antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein comprise a human IgG1 Fc region comprising (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 32 / 503 8 / 456 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, or 329R, (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, or 238Y (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, ou 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, ou 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E ou 339L, (ii) 343I ou 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, ou 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, ou 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D ou 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H 424M, ou 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, ou 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, ou 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E, (vv) L234A e L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, e G237A, (xx) L234A,L235A, and P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, and P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, and G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, and P331S (bbb) L234A, L235A, G237A, P238S, H268A, A330S, and P331S (IgGla), (ccc) L234A, L235A, and P329A, (ddd) G236R and L328R, (eee) G237A, (fff) F241A, (ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A and N297A, (jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of two or more selected from (a) - (uu), by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein comprise an Fc region of human IgG4. In some embodiments, antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein comprise an Fc region comprising a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 320-362. In some embodiments,The antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein comprise at least about 80% monomeric fraction, as determined by size exclusion chromatography. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 33 / 503 9 / 456 Some forms, antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein express at least about 20 μg / mL total antibody, optionally about 20 μg / mL and 70 μg / mL total antibody.

[010] In another aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to TL1A, comprising a variable heavy chain region comprising: (a) an HCDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) an HCDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 2-5; and (c) an HCDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 6-9; and the variable light chain region comprises: (d) an LCDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 10; (e) an LCDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 11; (f) an LCDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 12-15;and a crystallizable fragment (Fc) region comprising reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function as compared to human IgG1 and / or reduced complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) function as compared to human IgG1. In some embodiments, human IgG1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 320. In some embodiments, the ADCC function of the Fc region comprising reduced ADCC is at least approximately 50% reduced as compared to human IgG1. In some embodiments, the CDC function of the Fc region comprising reduced CDC is at least approximately 50% reduced as compared to human IgG1. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises human IgG1 comprising (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A; Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 34 / 503 10 / 456 (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, or 329R (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, or 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K 256R, ou 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, or 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N or 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, or 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E or 339L, (ii) 343I or 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, or 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, or 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D or 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M, or 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, or 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, or 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E, (vv) L234A and L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, and G237A, (xx) L234A, L235A, and P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, and P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, and G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, and P331S (bbb) L234A, L235A, G237A, P238S, H268A, A330S, and P331S (IgGlo), (ccc) L234A, L235A, and P329A, (ddd) G236R and L328R, (eee) G237A, (fff) F241A, (ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A and N297A, (jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of (a) - (uu), por numeração Kabat.In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises (i) a human IgG4 Fc region or (ii) a human IgG4 Fc region comprising (a) S228P, (b) S228P and L235E, or (c) S228P, F234A, and L235A, as numbered by Kabat. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG2 Fc region; an IgG2-IgG4 cross-subclass Fc region; an IgG2-IgG3 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2 comprising H268Q, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2m4); or IgG2 comprising V234A, G237A, P238S, H268A, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2o). In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises human IgG1 with a substitution selected from among 329A, 329G, 329Y, 331S, 236F, 236R, 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, 238Y. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 35 / 503 11 / 456 248A, 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, 254V, 264S, 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, 265A, 267G, 267H, 267I, 267K, 434I, 438G, 439E, 439H, 439Q, 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, and 440V, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of SEQ IDs NOS: 320-362. In some embodiments, HCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1, HCDR2 comprises any of SEQ IDs NOS: 2-5, HCDR3 comprises any of SEQ IDs NOS: 6-9, LCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 10, LCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 11, and LCDR3 comprises any of SEQ IDs NOS: 12-15. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises any of the SEQ ID Nos: 401-413 or a sequence at least approximately 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of the SEQ ID Nos: 401-413.In some embodiments, the heavy chain comprises any of the SEQ ID Nos: 501-513 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of the SEQ ID Nos: 501-513. In some embodiments, the light chain comprises any of SEQ ID NO: 514 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NO: 514. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6, and LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 12, and wherein the Fc region comprises any of SEQ ID NOs: 401-413 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NOs: 401-413. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises at least about 80% monomeric fraction, as determined by size exclusion chromatography.In some forms, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is expressed. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 36 / 503 12 / 456 at least about 20 pg / ml total antibody, optionally about 20 pg / ml and 70 pg / ml total antibody.

[011] Further methods are provided for treating fibrosis or an inflammatory bowel condition, disease or disorder in an individual in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the individual an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of any antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein. In some embodiments, the individual has fibrosis. In some embodiments, the individual has an inflammatory bowel condition, disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the inflammatory bowel condition, disease or disorder comprises inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In some embodiments, IBD comprises Crohn's disease. In some embodiments, IBD comprises ulcerative colitis.

[012] In some embodiments, antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein comprise the liquid composition at an antibody or antigen-binding fragment concentration of 10 mg / ml to 170 mg / ml. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is at a concentration of 10 mg / ml to 170 mg / ml. In some embodiments, the viscosity is about 4 to about 30 mPa-s (millipascal-second (mPa-s)). In some embodiments, the viscosity is about 4 to about 10 mPa-s (millipascal-second (mPa-s)).

[013] In another aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TL1A is provided herein, comprising a variable heavy chain scaffold region comprising a human IGHV146*02 scaffold or a modified human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold, and a variable light chain scaffold region comprising a human IGKV3-20 scaffold or a modified human IGKV3-20 scaffold; wherein the variable heavy chain scaffold region and the variable light chain scaffold region Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 37 / 503 13 / 456 light chain collectively comprise fewer than about 14 amino acid modifications of the human IGHV1-46*02 framework and the human IGKV3-20 framework. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain framework region and the variable light chain framework region collectively comprise 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or no amino acid modifications of the human IGHV1-46*02 framework and the human IGKV3-20 framework. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 1 in the variable heavy chain framework region, as numbered by Kabat. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 1 comprises A, R, N, D, C, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 1 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid.In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 1 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 1 comprises E. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 45 in the variable region of the heavy chain, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 45 comprises A, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 45 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 45 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid.In some forms, the amino acid at position 45 comprises K. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 38 / 503 14 / 456 In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 47 in the variable region of the heavy chain, numbered according to Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 47 comprises R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 47 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 47 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 47 comprises R. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 55 in the variable region of the heavy chain, numbered according to Kabat numbering.In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 55 comprises A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 55 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 55 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 55 comprises I. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 78 in the variable region of the heavy chain, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 78 comprises A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, or Y.In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 78 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 78... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 39 / 503 15 / 456 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 78 comprises A. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 80 in the variable region of the heavy chain, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 80 comprises A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 80 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 80 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 80 comprises I.In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 82 in the variable region of the heavy chain, numbered according to Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 82 comprises A, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 82 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 82 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 82 comprises T. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 89 in the variable region of the heavy chain, numbered according to Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 40 / 503 16 / 456 The amino acid at position 89 comprises A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, or Y. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 89 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 89 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 89 comprises A. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 91 in the variable region of the heavy chain, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 91 comprises A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 91 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid.In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 91 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 91 comprises L.

[014] In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise one or more of: Q1E, R45K, A47R, M55I, V78A, M80I, R82T, V89A, M91L in the variable heavy chain region, numbered Aho. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise Q1E. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise R45K. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise A47R. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise M55I. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise V78A. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise M80I. In some Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 41 / 503 In 17 / 456 embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise R82T. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise V89A. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise M91L.

[015] In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 54 in the variable region of the light chain, numbered according to Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 54 comprises A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 54 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 54 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 54 comprises P. In some embodiments, the amino acid modification comprises a modification at amino acid position 55 in the variable region of the light chain, numbered according to Kabat numbering.In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 55 comprises A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 55 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 55 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, the amino acid at position 55 comprises W.

[016] In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise L54P and / or L55W in the variable light chain region, numbered Aho. In some embodiments, the amino acid modifications comprise Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 42 / 503 18 / 456 L54P. In some forms, the amino acid modifications comprise L55W.

[017] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR1 heavy chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR2 heavy chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR2 heavy chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR2 heavy chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR2 heavy chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR3 heavy chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 6.In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy-chain CDR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy-chain CDR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy-chain CDR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a light-chain CDR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a light-chain CDR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a light-chain CDR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 43 / 503 19 / 456 antigen comprises a CDR3 light chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR3 light chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR3 light chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 15.

[018] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain FR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 304. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain FR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 305. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain FR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 313. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 306. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 307. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 314.In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 315. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain FR4 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 308. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a light chain FR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 309. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a light chain FR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 310. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 44 / 503 20 / 456 comprises FR3 light chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 311. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises FR4 light chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 312.

[019] In another aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TL1A is provided herein, comprising: (a) a variable heavy chain region comprising SEQ ID NO: 301 (X1VQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKAS [HCDR1]WVX2QX3PGQGLEWX4G[HCDR2]RX5TX6TX7DTSTSTX8YX9ELSSLRSEDT AVYYCAR[HCDR3]WGQGTTVTVSS), and (b) a variable light chain region comprising SEQ ID NO:303 (EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSC[LCDR1] WYQQKPGQAPRX10X11IY[LCDR2] GIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYC[LCDR3]FGGGTKLEIK), wherein each of X1-X11 is independently selected from A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V.

[020] In some embodiments, X1 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X1 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X2 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X2 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X3 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X3 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, a Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 45 / 503 21 / 456 an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X4 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X4 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X5 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X5 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X6 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid.In some embodiments, X6 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X7 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X7 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X8 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X8 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 46 / 503 In some embodiments, X9 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X9 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X10 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X10 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X11 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid.In some embodiments, X11 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid.

[021] In some modalities, X1 = Q or E, X2 = R or K, X3 = A or R, X4 = M or I, X5 = V or A, X6 = M or I, X7 = R or T, X8 = V or A, X9 = M or L, X10 = L or P, and X11 = L or W. In some modalities, X1 = Q. In some modalities, X1 = E. In some modalities, X2 = R. In some modalities, X2 = K. In some modalities, X3 = A. In some modalities, X3 = R. In some modalities, X4 = M. In some modalities, X4 = I. In some modalities, X5 = V. In some modalities, X5 = A. In some modalities, X6 = M. In some modalities, X6 = I. In some modalities, X7 = R. In some modalities, X7 = T. In some modalities, X8 = V. In some modalities, X8 = A. In some modalities, X9 = M. In some modalities, X9 = L. In some modalities, X10 = L. In some modalities, X10 = P. In some modalities, X11 = L. In some modalities, X11 = W. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 47 / 503 23 / 456

[022] In some embodiments, HCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, LCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, LCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CDR3 light chain as specified by SEQ ID NO: 15.

[023] In another aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TL1A is provided herein, comprising: (a) a variable heavy chain region comprising SEQ ID NO: 302 (X1VQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKAS [HCDR1]WVX2QX3PGQGLEWX4G[HCDR2]RX5TX6TX7DTSTSTX8YX9ELSSLRSEDT AVYYC[HCDR3]WGQGTTVTVSS), and (b) a variable light chain region comprising SEQ ID NO: 303 (EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSC[LCDR1]WYQQKPGQAPRX10X11IY[LCDR2]GIPDRFS GSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYC[LCDR3]FGGGTKLEIK), wherein each of X1-X11 is independently selected from A, R, N, D, C, Q, E, G, H, I, L, K, M, F, P, S, T, W, Y, or V.

[024] In some embodiments, X1 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 48 / 503 24 / 456 In some embodiments, X1 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X2 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X2 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X3 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X3 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid.In some embodiments, X4 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X4 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X5 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X5 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X6 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X6 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 49 / 503 25 / 456 sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X7 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X7 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X8 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X8 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X9 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid.In some embodiments, X9 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X10 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X10 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid. In some embodiments, X11 comprises a hydrophobic amino acid, a hydrophilic amino acid, or an amphipathic amino acid. In some embodiments, X11 comprises an aliphatic amino acid, an aromatic amino acid, an acidic amino acid, a basic amino acid, a hydroxyl amino acid, a sulfur-containing amino acid, or an amide amino acid.

[025] In some modalities, X1 = Q or E, X2 = R or K, X3 = A or R, X4 = Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, pp. 50 / 503 26 / 456 M or I, X5 = V or A, X6 = M or I, X7 = R or T, X8 = V or A, X9 = M or L, X10 = L or P, and X11 = L or W. In some modalities, X1 = Q. In some modalities, X1 = E. In some modalities, X2 = R. In some modalities, X2 = K. In some modalities, X3 = A. In some modalities, X3 = R. In some modalities, X4 = M. In some modalities, X4 = I. In some modalities, X5 = V. In some modalities, X5 = A. In some modalities, X6 = M. In some modalities, X6 = I. In some modalities, X7 = R. In some modalities, X7 = T. In some modalities, X8 = V. In some modalities, X8 = A. In some modalities, X9 = M. In some modalities, X9 = L. In some modalities, X10 = L. In some modalities, X10 = P. In some modalities, X11 = L. In some modalities, X11 = W.

[026] In some embodiments, HCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, LCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, LCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, LCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, LCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 15.

[027] In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 101. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 102. In some embodiments, the region Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 51 / 503 27 / 456 heavy chain variable comprises SEQ ID NO: 103. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 105. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 106. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 107. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 108. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 109. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 110. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 111. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 112. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 113.In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 114. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 115. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 116. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 117. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 118. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 119. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 120. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 121. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 122. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 123. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 124.In some modalities, the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 52 / 503 28 / 456 ID NO: 125. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 126. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 127. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 128. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 129. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 130. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 131. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 132. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 133. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 134. In some embodiments, the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 135. In some embodiments, the variable region of the light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 201.In some embodiments, the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 202. In some embodiments, the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 203. In some embodiments, the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 204. In some embodiments, the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 205. In some embodiments, the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 206.

[028] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 96% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104, and a variable light chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 97% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 53 / 503 29 / 456 an amino acid sequence at least about 97% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 98% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 98% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 201.

[029] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 107, and a variable light chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 97% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 107. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 98% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 201.

[030] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment is provided here that binds to necrosis factor-type protein 1A. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 54 / 503 30 / 456 tumoral (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 101-135, and a variable light chain domain comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 201-206. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 101. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 103.In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 105. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 106. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 107. In some In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 108. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 109.In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises at least one sequence. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 55 / 503 31 / 456 approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 110. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 111. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 112. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 113. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 114. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 115.In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 116. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 117. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 118. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 119. In some In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 120. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 121.In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises at least one sequence. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 56 / 503 32 / 456 approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 122. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 123. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 124. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 125. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 126. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 127.In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 128. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 129. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 130. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 131. In some In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 132. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 133.In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises at least one sequence. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 57 / 503 33 / 456 approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 134. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 135. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises a sequence at least approximately 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 203. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204.In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. In some embodiments, the variable light chain domain comprises a sequence that is at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 206.

[031] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 101, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[032] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 102, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 58 / 503 34 / 456

[033] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 103, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[034] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 104, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[035] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 105, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[036] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 103, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[037] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 106, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[038] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment is provided here that binds to necrosis factor-type protein 1A. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, pp. 59 / 503 35 / 456 tumoral (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 107, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[039] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 108, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[040] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 109, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[041] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 108, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[042] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 109, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[043] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 108, and a variable light chain domain. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 60 / 503 36 / 456 including SEQ ID NOS: 203.

[044] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 108, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[045] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 107, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[046] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 107, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[047] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 110, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[048] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 111, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[049] Additionally, an antibody or fragment of Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 61 / 503 37 / 456 antigen-binding of the same type as tumor necrosis factor 1A (TL1A) protein, comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 112, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[050] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 113, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[051] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 114, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[052] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 115, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[053] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 116, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[054] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 62 / 503 38 / 456 comprising SEQ ID NO: 117, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[055] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 118, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[056] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 114, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[057] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 102, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[058] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 104, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[059] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 119, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 63 / 503 39 / 456

[060] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 119, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[061] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 101, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[062] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 105, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[063] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 120, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[064] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 121, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[065] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment is provided here that binds to necrosis factor-type protein 1A. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 64 / 503 40 / 456 tumoral (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 122, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[066] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 122, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 204.

[067] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 123, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[068] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 124, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 202.

[069] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 125, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[070] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 116, and a variable light chain domain. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 65 / 503 41 / 456 comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[071] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 117, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[072] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 126, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[073] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 127, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[074] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 127, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[075] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 121, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[076] Additionally, an antibody or fragment of Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 66 / 503 42 / 456 antigen-binding of the same type as tumor necrosis factor 1A (TL1A) protein, comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 122, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[077] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 122, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[078] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 122, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 206.

[079] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 124, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[080] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 124, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[081] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 67 / 503 43 / 456 comprising SEQ ID NO: 128, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[082] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 128, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 206.

[083] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 129, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[084] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 130, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[085] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 131, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[086] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 132, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 68 / 503 44 / 456

[087] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 133, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[088] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 134, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[089] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 135, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 205.

[090] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 132, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[091] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 126, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[092] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment is provided here that binds to necrosis factor-type protein 1A. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 69 / 503 45 / 456 tumoral (TL1A), comprising a variable heavy chain domain comprising SEQ ID NO: 130, and a variable light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 201.

[093] Additionally, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A-type protein (TL1A), comprising a heavy chain domain comprising any of SEQ ID NOS: 501-513, and a light chain domain comprising SEQ ID NOS: 514.

[094] In another aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to TL1A, comprising a variable heavy chain region comprising: (a) an HCDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) an HCDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 2-5; and (c) an HCDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 6-9; and the variable light chain region comprises: (d) an LCDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 10; (e) an LCDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 11; (f) an LCDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 12-15;and a crystallizable fragment (Fc) region comprising reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function as compared with human IgG1 and / or reduced complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) function as compared with human IgG1. In some embodiments, human IgG1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 320. In some embodiments, the ADCC function of the Fc region comprising reduced ADCC is at least approximately 50% reduced as compared with human IgG1. In some embodiments, the CDC function of the; Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 70 / 503 The 46 / 456 Fc region comprising reduced ADCC is at least approximately 50% reduced compared to human IgG1. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises human IgG1 comprising (a) 297A, 297Q, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, or 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, or 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, or 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, or 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, or 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N or 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, or 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E ou 339L, (ii) 343I or 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, or 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, or 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D or 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M, or 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, ou 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, ou 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E, (vv) L234A and L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, and G237A, (xx) L234A, L235A, and P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, and P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, and G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, and P331S (bbb) L234A, L235A, G237A, P238S, H268A, A330S, and P331S (IgGla), (ccc) L234A, L235A, and P329A, (ddd) G236R and L328R, (eee) G237A, (fff) F241A, (ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A and N297A, (jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of (a) - (uu), by number Kabat.In some embodiments, the antigen-binding fragment antibody comprises either (i) a human IgG4 Fc region or (ii) a human IgG4 Fc region comprising (a) S228P and L235E, or (b) S228P, F234A, and L235A, as numbered by Kabat. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding fragment antibody comprises a human IgG2 Fc region; an IgG2-IgG4 cross-subclass Fc region; or a cross-subclass Fc region. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 71 / 503 47 / 456 IgG2-IgG3; IgG2 comprising H268Q, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2m4); or IgG2 comprising V234A, G237A, P238S, H268A, V309L, A330S, P331S (^2σ). In some embodiments, the antigen-binding fragment antibody comprises a human Fc region comprising high-mannose glycosylation. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises human IgG1 with a substitution selected from 297A, 297Q, 297D, 279F, 279K, 279L, 228P, 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, 235S, 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, 237R, 268K, 269N, 269Q, 270A, 270G, 270M, 270N, 424H, 424M, and 424V, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises human IgG1 with a substitution selected from among 271T, 272N, 292E, 292F, 292G, 292I, 293S, 301W, 304E, 311E, 311G, 311S, 255N, 256H, 256K, 256R, 256V, 316F, 328V, 330R, 339E, 339L, 343I, 343V, 373A, 373G, 373S, 376E, 376W, 376Y, 380D, 382D, 382P, 385P, 234A, 234V, 234F, 233P, 328A, 327Q and 327T, by Kabat numbering.In some embodiments, the Fc region comprises human IgG1 with a substitution selected from among 329A, 329G, 329Y, 331S, 236F, 236R, 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, 238Y, 248A, 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, 254V, 264S, 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, 265A, 267G, 267H, 267I, 267K, 434I, 438G, 439E, 439H, 439Q, 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, and 440V, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of the SEQ IDs NOS: 320-362. In some embodiments, HCDR1 comprises SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 4. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 72 / 503 48 / 456 HCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 7. In some embodiments, HCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 8. In some embodiments, HCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 9. In some embodiments, LCDR1 includes SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, LCDR2 includes SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, LCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 12. In some embodiments, LCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 13. In some embodiments, LCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, LCDR3 includes SEQ ID NO: 15.

[095] In another aspect, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is provided herein that binds to TL1A, comprising a variable heavy chain region comprising: (a) an HCDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) an HCDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 2-5; and (c) an HCDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 6-9; and the variable light chain region comprising: (d) an LCDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 10; (e) an LCDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 11; and (f) an LCDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 12-15. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises a human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold or a modified human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold.In some embodiments, the variable light chain scaffold region comprises a human IGKV3-20 scaffold or a modified human IGKV3-20 scaffold. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises one or more of the following amino acids: 1E, 45K, 47R, 55I, 78A, 80I, 82T, 89A, 91L, numbered according to Kabat. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 73 / 503 49 / 456 1E. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises 45K. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises 47R. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises 55I. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises 78A. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises 80I. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises 82T. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises 89A. In some embodiments, the variable heavy chain region comprises 91L. In some embodiments, the variable light chain region comprises one or more of the following amino acids: 54P and 55W, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, the variable light chain region comprises 54P. In some embodiments, the variable light chain region comprises 55W. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 2. In some embodiments, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 3.In some modes, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 4. In some modes, HCDR2 comprises SEQ ID NO: 5. In some modes, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 6. In some modes, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 7. In some modes, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 8. In some modes, HCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 9. In some modes, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 12. In some modes, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 13. In some modes, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 14. In some modes, LCDR3 comprises SEQ ID NO: 15.

[096] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises a human IgG1 Fc region comprising (a) 297A, 297Q, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 74 / 503 50 / 456 329Y, (k) 331S, (l) 236F ou 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, ou 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, ou 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, ou 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E ou 339L, (ii) 343I ou 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, or 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, or 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D or 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M, or 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) (ww) L234A, L235A, e G237A, (xx) L234A, L235A, e P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, e P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, e G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, e P331S (bbb) L234A, L235A, G237A, P238S, H268A, A330S, e P331S (IgGla),(ccc) L234A, L235A, and P329A, (ddd) G236R and L328R, (eee) G237A, (fff) F241A, (ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A and N297A, (jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of (a) - (uu), by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, an antigen-binding fragment antibody herein comprises (i) a human IgG4 Fc region or (ii) a human IgG4 Fc region comprising (a) S228P and L235E, or (b) S228P, F234A, and L235A, as numbered by Kabat. In some embodiments, an antigen-binding fragment antibody herein comprises a human IgG2 Fc region; an IgG2-IgG4 cross-subclass Fc region; an IgG2-IgG3 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2 comprising H268Q, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2m4); or IgG2 comprising V234A, G237A, P238S, H268A, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2a). In some embodiments,An antigen-binding fragment antibody here comprises a human Fc region comprising high-mannose glycosylation. In some embodiments, either of the antibody, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 75 / 503 51 / 456 or antigen-binding fragments described herein comprise an Fc region of human IgG4.

[097] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises a human IgG1 with a substitution selected from 297A, 297Q, 297D, 279F, 279K, 279L, 228P, 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, 235S, 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, 237R, 268K, 269N, 269Q, 270A, 270G, 270M, 270N, 424H, 424M, and 424V, by Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises a human IgG1 with a substitution selected from 271T, 272N, 292E, 292F, 292G, 292I, 293S, 301W, 304E, 311E, 311G, 311S, 255N, 256H, 256K, 256R, 256V, 316F, 328V, 330R, 339E, 339L, 343I, 343V, 373A, 373G, 373S, 376E, 376W, 376Y, 380D, 382D, 382P, 385P, 234A, 234V, 234F, 233P, 328A, 327Q and 327T, by Kabat numbering.In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises a human IgG1 with a substitution selected from 329A, 329G, 329Y, 331S, 236F, 236R, 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, 238Y, 248A, 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, 254V, 264S, 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, 265A, 267G, 267H, 267I, 267K, 434I, 438G, 439E, 439H, 439Q, 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, and 440V, by Kabat numbering.

[098] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises an Fc region comprising a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 320-362.

[099] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises at least about 80% monomeric fraction as determined by size exclusion chromatography. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 76 / 503 The 52 / 456 described herein comprises at least about 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% monomeric fraction. In some embodiments, size exclusion chromatography comprises injecting purified antibody or antigen-binding fragment into a size exclusion column, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is purified by protein A. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is purified as described in Example 2. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is expressed under conditions described in Example 2. In some embodiments, the size exclusion chromatography column has an inner diameter of 4.6 mm. In some embodiments, the size exclusion chromatography column has a length of 150 mm. In some applications, the size exclusion chromatography column has a pore size of 200 Å.In some embodiments, the size exclusion chromatography column has a particle size of 1.7 micrometers. In some embodiments, the size exclusion chromatography column is an ACQUITY UPLC BEH200 SEC column. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is injected in a total volume of 15 pL. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is injected at a concentration of about 0.1 μg / μL to about 1.0 μg / μL. In some embodiments, size exclusion chromatography is performed on a Shimadzu UPLC instrument. In some embodiments, size exclusion chromatography is performed at a flow rate of 0.2 mL / min. In some embodiments, size exclusion chromatography is performed at a column oven temperature of 30°C. In some disciplines, the percentage of monomer is calculated using Shimadzu software.In some embodiments, size exclusion chromatography is performed as described in Example 2. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 77 / 503 53 / 456

[100] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein expresses at least about 20 μg / mL total antibody. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein expresses between about 20 μg / mL and 70 μg / mL total antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is expressed in FreeStyle 293-F cells. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is expressed as described in Example 2. In some embodiments, the expression level of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment is quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).In some embodiments, the ELISA comprises coating the surface of a substrate with a capture antibody that binds to a human or humanized antibody, applying the antibody or antigen-binding fragment to the substrate, and applying to the substrate a second antibody that binds to a human or humanized antibody. In some embodiments, the capture antibody comprises an anti-kappa antibody. In some embodiments, the second antibody comprises an anti-Fc antibody. In some embodiments, the ELISA is performed as described in Example 2.

[101] Additionally, methods of treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in an individual in need thereof are provided herein, the method comprising administering to the individual an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein. In some embodiments, IBD comprises Crohn's disease. In some embodiments, IBD comprises ulcerative colitis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[102] Exemplary forms are illustrated in the referenced figures. The forms and figures described here are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 78 / 503 54 / 456

[103] FIGS. 1A-1C show chromatograms for analytical size exclusion chromatography of anti-TL1A antibodies.

[104] FIG. 2 depicts the inhibition of interferon gamma in human blood with anti-TL1A antibodies.

[105] FIGS. 3A-3C depict a PLS model demonstrating the effect of pH and protein concentration on viscosity. FIG. 3A shows a PLS plot, FIG. 3B shows a model of predicted viscosity versus antiTL1A antibody concentration in mg / mL, and FIG. 3C shows a model of estimated viscosity versus actual viscosity. Viscosity units are in mPa-s. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[106] Tumor necrosis factor-like protein 1A (TL1A) is a pro-inflammatory molecule that stimulates the proliferation and effector functions of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in the presence of TCR stimulation. TL1A has been associated with the development and severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. TL1A is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, linking the innate and adaptive immune response, modulating adaptive immunity by increasing Th1, Th2, and Th17 effector cell function, and T lymphocyte accumulation and immunopathology of inflamed tissue. TL1A is a target associated with both intestinal inflammation and intestinal fibrosis, which was clinically validated in a Phase 2a clinical trial in UC. Furthermore, preclinical and human genetic association data suggest that TL1A is a potential therapeutic target in CD.This description outlines optimized antibodies against TL1A and offers novel therapies for the treatment of IBD. The anti-TL1A antibodies described herein may substantially improve outcomes for patients with moderate to severe IBD who are predisposed to increased TL1A expression. As an example, patients are selected for treatment with one antibody. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 79 / 503 55 / 456 anti-TLIA, based here on increased TL1A expression in the patient, as compared to a reference level (e.g., from an individual without IBD). Patients may be selected for increased TL1A expression, as determined by a genotyping assay to determine the presence of a genotype associated with increased TL1A expression. TL1A and nucleic acids encoding TL1A (tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily Member 15 (TNFSF15)) are provided, as specified by Entrez Gene: 9966; UniProtKB: O95150. Consequently, the present description further provides methods for treating individuals with increased TL1A expression with an antibody described herein. Antibodies

[107] In one aspect, antibodies and antigen-binding fragments are provided herein. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an antigen-binding fragment which refers to a portion of an antibody having antigen-determining variable regions of an antibody. Examples of antigen-binding fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab', F(ab% and Fv) fragments, linear antibodies, single-chain antibodies, and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments. In some embodiments, an antibody refers to an immunoglobulin molecule that recognizes and specifically binds to a target, such as a protein, polypeptide, peptide, carbohydrate, polynucleotide, lipid, or combinations thereof, through at least one antigen recognition site within the variable region of the immunoglobulin molecule.In some embodiments, an antibody includes intact polyclonal antibodies, intact monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments (such as Fab, Fab', F(ab')2, and Fv fragments), single-chain Fv (scFv) mutants, a CDR-grafted antibody, multispecific antibodies, chimeric antibodies, and antibodies. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 80 / 503 Humanized antibodies, fusion proteins comprising an antigen-determining portion of an antibody, and any other modified immunoglobulin molecule comprising an antigen recognition site, provided the antibodies exhibit the desired biological activity. An antibody may be of any of the five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, or subclasses (isotypes) thereof (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2), based on the identity of their constant heavy chain domains referred to as alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma, and mu, respectively. The different classes of immunoglobulins have different and well-known subunit structures and three-dimensional configurations. Antibodies may be naked or conjugated with other molecules such as toxins, radioisotopes, etc.

[108] In some embodiments, a humanized antibody refers to forms of non-human antibodies (e.g., murine) having specific immunoglobulin chains, chimeric immunoglobulins, or fragments thereof, which contain minimal non-human sequences (e.g., murine). In a non-limiting example, a humanized antibody comprises less than about 40% non-human sequence in the variable region. In some cases, a humanized antibody comprises less than about 20% non-human sequence in a full-length antibody sequence. In a further non-limiting example, a humanized antibody comprises less than about 20% non-human sequence in the scaffold region of each of the heavy chain and light chain variable regions.For example, the humanized antibody comprises less than approximately 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1% non-human sequence in the scaffold region of each of the variable heavy chain and light chain regions. As another example, the antibody... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 81 / 503 57 / 456 humanized antibodies comprise approximately or less than approximately 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 non-human sequences in the scaffold region of each of the variable heavy chain and light chain regions. In some cases, humanized antibodies are human immunoglobulins in which residues of the complementarity-determining region (CDR) are replaced by residues from the CDR of a non-human species (e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit, hamster) that have the desired specificity, affinity, and capability. These humanized antibodies may contain one or more non-human species mutations, for example, the heavy chain comprises approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 non-human species mutations in the scaffold region, and the light chain comprises approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 non-human species mutations in the scaffold region.The humanized heavy chain variable domain may comprise IGHV1-46*02 framework with or without fewer than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid mutations. The humanized light chain variable domain may comprise IGKV3-20 framework with or without fewer than about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid mutations.

[109] In some embodiments, chimeric antibodies refer to antibodies in which the immunoglobulin molecule sequence is derived from two or more species. As a non-limiting example, the variable region of both light and heavy chains corresponds to the variable region of antibodies derived from one mammalian species (e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit, etc.) with the desired specificity, affinity, and capacity, while the constant regions are homologous to sequences in antibodies derived from another (usually human) species to avoid inducing an immune response in that species.

[110] The terms “complementary determining region”, and “CDR”, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 82 / 503 58 / 456, which are synonymous with "hypervariable region" or "HVR," are known in the art to refer to non-contiguous amino acid sequences within antibody variable regions that confer antigen specificity and / or binding affinity. Generally, there are three CDRs in each heavy chain variable region (CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3) and three CDRs in each light chain variable region (CDR-L1, CDR-L2, CDR-L3). "Scaffold regions" and "FRs" are known in the art to refer to the non-CDR portions of the heavy and light chain variable regions. Generally, there are four FRs in each full-length heavy chain variable region (FR-H1, FR-H2, FR-H3, and FR-H4), and four FRs in each full-length light chain variable region (FR-L1, FR-L2, FR-L3, and FR-L4). The precise amino acid sequence boundaries of a given CDR or FR can be readily determined using any of several known schemes, including those described by Kabat et al.(1991), “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest”, 5th ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Kabat numbering scheme), Al-Lazikani et al., (1997) JMB 273, 927-948 (Chothia numbering scheme); MacCallum et al., J. Mol. Biol. 262:732-745 (1996), “Antibody-antigen interactions: contact analysis and binding site topography”, J. Mol. Biol. 262, 732-745. Numbering scheme “Contact”); Lefranc MP et al., “Unique IMGT numbering for immunoglobulin receptor variable domains and T and V-like domains of Ig superfamily”, Dev Comp Immunol, 2003 Jan;27(1):55-77 (numbering scheme “IMGT”); Honegger A and Plückthun A, “Yet another numbering scheme for immunoglobulin variable domains: an automatic modeling and analysis tool”, J Mol Biol, 2001 Jun 8;309(3):657-70, (numbering scheme “Aho”); and Whitelegg NR and Rees AR, “WAM: an improved algorithm for modeling antibodies on the WEB”, Protein Eng. 2000 Dec;13(12):819-24 (numbering scheme “AbM”).In certain modalities, the CDRs of. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 83 / 503 59 / 456 antibodies described here can be defined by a method selected from Kabat, Chothia, IMGT, Aho, AbM, or combinations thereof.

[111] In some embodiments, an antibody that binds specifically to a protein indicates that the antibody reacts or associates more frequently, faster, longer lasting, with greater affinity, or with some combination of the above with the protein than with alternative substances, including unrelated proteins.

[112] In some embodiments, the terms polypeptide, peptide, and protein are used interchangeably herein to refer to amino acid polymers of any length. The polymer may be linear or branched, it may comprise modified amino acids, and it may be interrupted by non-amino acids. The terms also encompass an amino acid polymer that has been modified naturally or by intervention; for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation or modification, such as fusion with another polypeptide and / or conjugation, for example, with a labeling component. Also included in the definition are, for example, polypeptides containing one or more analogs of an amino acid (e.g., non-natural amino acids, etc.), as well as other modifications known in the art.

[113] In some embodiments, the protein as an antibody described herein comprises a hydrophobic amino acid. Exemplary, non-limiting hydrophobic amino acids include glycine (Gly), proline (Pro), phenylalanine (Phe), alanine (Ala), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), and valine (Val). In some embodiments, the protein as an antibody described herein comprises a hydrophilic amino acid. Exemplary, non-limiting hydrophilic amino acids include serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), cysteine ​​(Cys), asparagine (Asn), glutamine (Gln), arginine (Arg), and histidine (His). Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 84 / 503 60 / 456 In some embodiments, the protein as an antibody described herein comprises an amphipathic amino acid. Exemplary and non-limiting amphipathic amino acids include lysine (Lys), tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and methionine (Met). In some embodiments, the protein as an antibody described herein comprises an aliphatic amino acid. Exemplary and non-limiting aliphatic amino acids include alanine (Ala), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), and valine (Val). In some embodiments, the protein as an antibody described herein comprises an aromatic amino acid. Exemplary and non-limiting aromatic amino acids include phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), and tyrosine (Tyr). In some embodiments, the protein as an antibody described herein comprises an acidic amino acid. Exemplary and non-limiting acidic amino acids include aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu). In some embodiments, the protein as an antibody described here comprises a basic amino acid.Non-limiting exemplary basic amino acids include arginine (Arg), histidine (His), and lysine (Lys). In some embodiments, the protein such as an antibody described herein comprises a hydroxyl amino acid. Non-limiting exemplary hydroxyl amino acids include serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr). In some embodiments, the protein such as an antibody described herein comprises a sulfur-containing amino acid. Non-limiting exemplary sulfur-containing amino acids include cysteine ​​(Cys) and methionine (Met). In some embodiments, the protein such as an antibody described herein comprises an amide amino acid. Non-limiting exemplary amide amino acids include asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln).

[114] In some embodiments, polynucleotide, or “nucleic acid,” as used interchangeably herein, refers to polymers of nucleotides of any length, and includes DNA and RNA. Nucleotides may be deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified nucleotides Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 85 / 503 61 / 456 or bases, and / or their analogs, or any substrate that can be incorporated into a polymer by DNA or RNA polymerase. A polynucleotide may comprise modified nucleotides, such as, but not limited to, methylated nucleotides and their analogs or non-nucleotide components. Modifications to the nucleotide structure may be conferred before or after polymer assembly. A polynucleotide may be further modified after polymerization, such as by conjugation with a labeling component.

[115] Percentage (%) of sequence identity with respect to a reference polypeptide sequence is the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical to the amino acid residues in the reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percentage of sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of a sequence identity. Alignment for the purpose of determining the percentage of amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in several known ways, for example, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign software (DNASTAR). Appropriate parameters for aligning sequences can be determined, including algorithms needed to achieve maximum alignment across the entire length of the sequences being compared.For the purposes herein, however, percentile values ​​of amino acid sequence identity are generated using the ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program. The ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was authored by Genentech, Inc., and the source code is filed with the user documentation at the US Copyright Office, Washington DC, 20559. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 86 / 503 62 / 456 where it is registered under US Copyright Registration No. TXU510087. The ALIGN-2 program is publicly available from Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, Calif., and can be compiled from the source code. The ALIGN-2 program must be compiled for use on a UNIX operating system including UNIX V4.0D digital. All sequence comparison parameters are defined by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.

[116] In situations where ALIGN-2 is employed for amino acid sequence comparisons, the % amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B (which may alternatively be formulated as a given amino acid sequence A, which has or comprises a certain % amino acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B), is calculated as follows: 100 times the fraction X / Y, where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical matches by an ALIGN-2 sequence alignment program in this alignment program of A and B, and where Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be appreciated that, where the length of amino acid sequence A is not equal to the length of amino acid sequence B, the % amino acid sequence identity of A to B will not be equal to the % amino acid sequence identity of B to A.Unless specifically described otherwise, all percent amino acid sequence identity values ​​used herein are obtained as described in the immediately preceding paragraph using the ALIGN-2 computer program.

[117] In some embodiments, the term “about” means within 10% of the specified amount. For example, a variable antibody region comprising about 80% identity to a reference variable region may comprise 72% to 88% identity to the reference variable region. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 87 / 503 63 / 456

[118] In certain aspects, antibodies are described herein that specifically bind to TL1A (Entrez Gene: 9966; UniProtKB: O95150). In some embodiments, the antibodies specifically bind to soluble TL1A. In some embodiments, the antibodies specifically bind to membrane-bound TL1A. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody is provided having a heavy chain comprising four heavy chain framework regions (HCFRs) and three heavy chain complementarity-determining regions (HCDRs): HCFR1, HCDR1, HCFR2, HCDR2, HCFR3, HCDR3, and HCFR4; and a light chain comprising four light chain framework regions (LCFRs) and three light chain complementarity-determining regions (LCDRs): LCFR1, LCDR1, LCFR2, LCDR2, LCFR3, LCDR3, and LCFR4. An anti-TL1A antibody can comprise any region provided here, for example, as shown in Tables 6-11, the examples and sequences. CDRs anti-TLIA examples

[119] In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an HCDR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an HCDR2 as specified by any of the SEQ ID NOS: 2-5. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an HCDR3 as specified by any of the SEQ ID NOS: 6-9. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an LCDR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an LCDR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an LCDR3 as specified by any of the SEQ ID NOS: 12-15.

[120] In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3 selected from Table 6. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified CDRs Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 88 / 503 64 / 456 in antibody A, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody B, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody C, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody D, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody E, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody F, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody G, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody H, as shown in Table 10.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A2, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody B2, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody C2, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody D2, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody E2, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody F2, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody G2, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody H2, as shown in Table 10.In certain cases. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 89 / 503 In 65 / 456 embodiments, an anti-TLIA antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody I, as shown in Table 10. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody I2, as shown in Table 10.

[121] In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in any of the antibodies in Table 1. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A217, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A220, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A223, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A219, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A221, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A200, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A213, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A212, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A107, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 90 / 503 66 / 456 specified in antibody A205, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A211, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A199, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A15, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A30, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A100, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A181, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A129, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A214, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A216, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A122, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A222, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain modalities, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 91 / 503 67 / 456 specified in antibody A188, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A203, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A147, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A127, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A126, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A160, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A157, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A159, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A218, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A158, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A125, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A103, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain modalities, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 92 / 503 68 / 456 specified in antibody A64, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A67, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A138, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A68, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A94, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A110, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A197, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A112, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A169, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A173, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A179, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A148, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain modalities, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 93 / 503 69 / 456 specified in antibody A115, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A149, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A134, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A113, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A151, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A96, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A132, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A196, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A172, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A75, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A174, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A109, where the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain modalities, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 94 / 503 70 / 456 specified in antibody A198, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the CDRs specified in antibody A170, wherein the CDRs are defined by the Kabat, Chothia or IMGT method. Exemplary anti-TLIA framework regions

[122] Tables 7-9A and Table 11 present exemplary variable region and framework sequences.

[123] In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 301 (X1VQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKAS [HCDR1]WVX2QX3PGQGLEWX4G[HCDR2]RX5TX6TX7DTSTSTX8YX9ELSSLRSEDT AVYYCAR[HCDR3]WGQGTTVTVSS). In some cases, X1 is Q. In some cases, X1 = E. In some cases, X2 = R. In some cases, X2 = K. In some cases, X3 = A. In some cases, X3 = R. In some cases, X4 = M. In some cases, X4 = I. In some cases, X5 = V. In some cases, X5 = A. In some cases, X6 = M. In some cases, X6 = I. In some cases, X7 = R. In some cases, X7 = T. In some cases, X8 = V. In some cases, X8 = A. In some cases, X9 = M. In some cases, X9 = L. In some modalities, X1 is in position 1 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modalities, X2 is in position 45 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X3 is in position 47 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X4 is in position 55 of IGHV146*02, as determined by Aho numbering.In some modes, X5 is in position 78 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X6 is in position 80 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X7 is in position 82 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 95 / 503 In 71 / 456 modes, X8 is in position 89 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X9 is in position 91 of IGHV146*02, as determined by Aho numbering.

[124] In one aspect, a first embodiment of an anti-TL1A antibody is provided herein comprising a heavy chain framework comprising IGHV1-46*02, or a variant thereof, wherein the variant comprises between about 1 and about 9 amino acid substitutions, or between about 1 and about 20 amino acid substitutions, or about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions of the IGHV1-46*02 framework. Additional modalities include: (2) The anti-TL1A of modality (1), wherein the heavy chain framework comprises SEQ ID NO: 301. (3) The anti-TL1A of modality 2, wherein X1 = Q. (4) The anti-TL1A of modality 2, wherein X1 = E. (5) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-4, wherein X2 = R. (6) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-4, wherein X2 = K. (7) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-6, wherein X3 = A. (8) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-6, wherein X3 = R.(9) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-8, where X4 = M. (10) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-8, where X4 = I. (11) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-10, where X5 = V. (12) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-10, where X5 = A. (13) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-12, where X6 = M. (14) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-12, where X6 = I. (15) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-14, where X7 = R. (16) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-14, where X7 = T. (17) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-16, where X8 = V. (18) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-16, where X8 = A. (19) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-18, where X9 = M. (20) The anti-TL1A of any of the. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 96 / 503 72 / 456 modalities 2-4, wherein X9 = L. (21) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody A. (22) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody B. (23) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody C. (24) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody D. (25) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody E. (26) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody F. (27) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody G or I. (28) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody H. (29) The anti-TL1A of any of the forms 1-28, comprising a human IgG1 Fc region comprising: (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A,(i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, or 329R (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, or 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, or 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, or 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E or 339L, (ii) 343I or 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, or 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, or 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D or 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M, or 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, or 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, or 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E (v.v.) L234A, e. L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, e. L235E, G237A, e P331S (bbb) L234A, L235A,G237A, P238S, H268A, A330S, and P331S (IgGla), (ccc), Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 97 / 503 73 / 456 L234A, L235A, and P329A, (ddd) G236R and L328R, (eee) G237A, (fff) F241A, (ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A and N297A, (jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of (a) - (uu), by Kabat numbering. As used herein, any combination of a group, such as (a) to (uu), includes at least two or more items from the group, for example, any combination of a group from (a) to (uu) includes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and up to 47 or all members of the group. (30) Anti-TL1A of any of the 1-28 embodiments, comprising either (i) a human IgG4 Fc region or (ii) a human IgG4 Fc region comprising (a) S228P, (b) S228P and L235E, or (c) S228P, F234A, and L235A, as numbered by Kabat.(31) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-28, comprising a human IgG2 Fc region; IgG2-IgG4 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2-IgG3 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2 comprising H268Q, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2m4); or IgG2 comprising V234A, G237A, P238S, H268A, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2a). (32) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-31, comprising a heavy chain Fc region comprising any of SEQ ID NOS: 320-362. (33) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-32, comprising a light chain constant region comprising SEQ ID NO: 319.(34) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-33, comprising a light chain comprising a light chain framework comprising IGKV3-20*01, or a variant thereof, wherein the variant comprises between about 1 and about 2 substitutions, or between about 1 and about 20 amino acid substitutions, or about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions in the framework. (35) Anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 34, wherein X10 is L. (36) Anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 34. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 98 / 503 74 / 456 where X10 is P. (37) The anti-TLIA antibody of any of the 3436 embodiments, where X11 is L. (38) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the 34-36 embodiments, where X11 is W.

[125] In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 302 (X1VQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSC KAS[HCDR1] WVX2QX3PGQGLEWX4G[HCDR2]RX5TX6TX7DTSTSTX8YX9ELSSLRSEDTAVYYC[H CDR3]WGQGTTVTVSS). In some cases, X1 is Q. In some cases, X1 = E. In some cases, X2 = R. In some cases, X2 = K. In some cases, X3 = A. In some cases, X3 = R. In some cases, X4 = M. In some cases, X4 = I. In some cases, X5 = V. In some cases, X5 = A. In some cases, X6 = M. In some cases, X6 = I. In some cases, X7 = R. In some cases, X7 = T. In some cases, X8 = V. In some cases, X8 = A. In some cases, X9 = M. In some cases, X9 = L. In some modalities, X1 is in position 1 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modalities, X2 is in position 45 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X3 is in position 47 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X4 is in position 55 of IGHV146*02, as determined by Aho numbering.In some modes, X5 is at position 78 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X6 is at position 80 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X7 is at position 82 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X8 is at position 89 of IGHV1-46*02, as determined by Aho numbering. In some modes, X9 is at position 91 of IGHV146*02, as determined by Aho numbering.

[126] In one respect, another first modality of a is provided here. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 99 / 503 75 / 456 anti-TL1A antibody comprising a heavy chain framework comprising IGHV1-46*02, or a variant thereof, wherein the variant comprises between about 1 and about 9 amino acid substitutions, or between about 1 and about 20 amino acid substitutions, or about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions of the IGHV1-46*02 framework. Additional modalities include: (2) The anti-TL1A of modality (1), wherein the heavy chain framework comprises SEQ ID NO: 302. (3) The anti-TL1A of modality 2, wherein X1 = Q. (4) The anti-TL1A of modality 2, wherein X1 = E. (5) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-4, wherein X2 = R. (6) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-4, wherein X2 = K. (7) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-6, wherein X3 = A. (8) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-6, wherein X3 = R. (9) The anti-TL1A of any of modalities 2-8, wherein X4 = M.(10) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-8, where X4 = I. (11) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-10, where X5 = V. (12) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-10, where X5 = A. (13) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-12, where X6 = M. (14) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-12, where X6 = I. (15) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-14, where X7 = R. (16) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-14, where X7 = T. (17) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-16, where X8 = V. (18) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-16, where X8 = A. (19) Anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-18, where X9 = M. (20) Anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 2-4, where X9 = L. (21) Anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody A. (22) Anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody B. (23) Anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-20, comprising antibody C.(24) The anti. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, pp. 100 / 503 76 / 456 TL1A of any of embodiments 1-20, comprising antibody D. (25) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-20, comprising antibody E. (26) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-20, comprising antibody F. (27) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-20, comprising antibody G or I. (28) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-20, comprising antibody H. (29) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-28, comprising a human IgG1 Fc region comprising: (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, or 329R (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, or 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, or 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, or 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, or 265A,(t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E ou 339L, (ii) 343I ou 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, or 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, or 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D or 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M, or 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) (ww) L234A, L235A, e G237A, (xx) L234A, L235A, e P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, e P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, e G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, e P331S (bbb) L234A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A e N297A, (jjj) D265A e N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) equal combination of (a) - (uu),by Kabat numbering. (30) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 1-28, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 101 / 503 77 / 456 comprising either (i) a human IgG4 Fc region or (ii) a human IgG4 Fc region comprising (a) S228P and L235E, or (b) S228P, F234A, and L235A, per Kabat numbering. (31) Anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-28, comprising a human IgG2 Fc region; IgG2-IgG4 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2-IgG3 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2 comprising H268Q, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2m4); or IgG2 comprising V234A, G237A, P238S, H268A, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2a). (32) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-31, comprising a heavy chain Fc region comprising any of SEQ ID NO: 320-362. (33) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-32, comprising a light chain constant region comprising SEQ ID NO: 319.(34) Anti-TL1A of any of the embodiments 1-33, comprising a light chain comprising a light chain framework comprising IGKV3-20*01, or a variant thereof, wherein the variant comprises between about 1 and about 2 substitutions, or between about 1 and about 20 amino acid substitutions, or about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions in the framework. (35) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 34, wherein X10 is L. (36) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 34, wherein X10 is P. (37) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the 34-36 modalities, wherein X11 is L. (38) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the 34-36 modalities, wherein X11 is W.

[127] In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a light chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 303 (EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSC[LCDR1]WYQQKPGQAPRX10X11IY[LCDR2]GIPDRFS GSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYC[LCDR3]FGGGTKLEIK). In some cases, X10 is L. In some cases, X10 is P. In some cases, X11 is L. In some cases, X11 is W. In some embodiments, X10 is at position 54 of IGKV3-20*01 as Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 102 / 503 78 / 456 determined by Aho numbering. In some embodiments, X11 is in position 55 of IGKV3-20*01 as determined by Aho numbering.

[128] In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain scaffold comprising IGHV1-46*02. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain scaffold comprising an IGHV1-46*02 variant comprising between about 1 and about 20 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 316. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain scaffold comprising an IGHV1-46*02 variant comprising between about 1 and about 9 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 316. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain scaffold comprising an IGHV1-46*02 variant comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 316 in the framework. In some cases, heavy chain framework replacement comprises Q1E, as determined by Aho numbering.In some cases, the heavy chain frame replacement comprises R45K, as determined by Aho numbering. In some cases, the heavy chain frame replacement comprises A47R, as determined by Aho numbering. In some cases, the heavy chain frame replacement comprises M55I, as determined by Aho numbering. In some cases, the heavy chain frame replacement comprises V78A, as determined by Aho numbering. In some cases, the heavy chain frame replacement comprises M80I, as determined by Aho numbering. In some cases, the heavy chain frame replacement comprises R82T, as determined by Aho numbering. In some cases, the heavy chain frame replacement comprises V89A, as determined by Aho numbering. In some cases, a. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 103 / 503 79 / 456 replacement heavy chain frame comprises M91L, as determined by Aho numbering.

[129] In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a light chain framework comprising IGKV3-20*01. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an IGKV320*01 variant comprising between about 1 and about 20 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 317. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises an IGKV3-20*01 variant comprising about 1 amino acid substitution of SEQ ID NO: 317. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a light chain scaffold comprising an IGKV3-20*01 variant comprising about 2 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 317. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a light chain scaffold comprising an IGKV3-20*01 variant comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 317 in the framework.In some cases, the replacement of the lightweight chain frame comprises L54P, as determined by Aho numbering. In some cases, the replacement of the lightweight chain frame comprises L55W, as determined by Aho numbering.

[130] In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain FR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 304. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain FR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 305. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain FR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 313. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 306. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain FR3 Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 104 / 503 80 / 456 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 307. In some embodiments, an anti-TLIA antibody comprises a heavy chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 314. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 315. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a heavy chain FR4 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 308. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a light chain FR1 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 309. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a light chain FR2 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 310. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a light chain FR3 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 311. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises a light chain FR4 as specified by SEQ ID NO: 312.

[131] In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in any of the antibodies in Table 1, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A217, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A220, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A223, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A219, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 105 / 503 81 / 456 antibody A221, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A200, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A213, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A212, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified A107 antibody framework regions, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A205, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A211, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A199, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A15, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified A30 antibody framework regions, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified framework regions in antibody A100, wherein... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 106 / 503 82 / 456 the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A181, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A129, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A214, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A216, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A122, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A222, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A188, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A203, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified framework regions in antibody A147, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified framework regions in antibody A127, wherein the framework regions. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 107 / 503 83 / 456 are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A126, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A160, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A157, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A159, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A218, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A158, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A125, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A103, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified A64 antibody framework regions, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified A67 antibody framework regions, wherein the framework regions are defined by the method. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 108 / 503 84 / 456 In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A138, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A68, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A94, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A110, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A197, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A112, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A169, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A173, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A179, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A148, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 109 / 503 85 / 456 In certain embodiments, an anti-TLIA antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A115, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A149, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A134, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A113, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A151, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A96, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A132, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A196, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A172, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the specified A75 antibody framework regions, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, a... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 110 / 503 86 / 456 anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A174, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A109, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A198, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises the framework regions specified in antibody A170, wherein the framework regions are defined by the Kabat, Chothia, or IMGT method. Variable anti-TLIA exemplary regions

[132] In one aspect, an anti-TL1A antibody is provided herein comprising a variable heavy chain region comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 101-135; and a variable light chain region at least about 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to any of SEQ ID NOS: 201-206.

[133] Additionally, a first embodiment of an anti-TL1A antibody comprising a variable heavy chain region and a variable light chain region is provided herein. Further non-limiting embodiments include: (Embodiment 2) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 101. (Embodiment 3) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 101. (Embodiment 4) The anti-TL1A antibody Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 111 / 503 87 / 456 of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 101. (Emodiality 5) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 102. (Emodiality 6) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 102. (Emodiality 7) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 102. (Mode 8) The anti-TL1A antibody of mode 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 103.(Mode 9) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 103. (Mode 10) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 103.

[134] (Modality 11) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 104. (Modality 12) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104. (Modality 13) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 104. (Modality 14) Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 112 / 503 88 / 456 The anti-TLIA antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 105. (Modality 15) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 105. (Modality 16) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 105. (Modality 17) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 106. (Modality 18) The Anti-TL1A antibody of mode 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence that is at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 106.(Modality 19) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 106. (Modality 20) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 107. (Modality 21) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 107. (Modality 22) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 107.

[135] (Modality 23) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 108. (Modality 24) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 113 / 503 89 / 456 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 108. (Modality 25) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 108. (Modality 26) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 109. (Modality 27) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 109. (Modality 28) The antibody anti-TL1A of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 109. (Modality 29) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 110.(Modality 30) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 110. (Modality 31) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 110. (Modality 32) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 111. (Modality 33) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 111.(Modality 34) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 111. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 114 / 503 90 / 456 (Modality 35) The anti-TLIA antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 112. (Modality 36) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 112. (Modality 37) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 112. (Modality 38) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 113. (Mode 39) The anti-TL1A antibody of mode 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 113.(Modality 40) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 113.

[136] (Modality 41) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 114. (Modality 42) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 114. (Modality 43) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 114. (Modality 44) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 115. (Modality 45) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable heavy chain region comprises a Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 115 / 503 91 / 456 sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 115. (Modality 46) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 115. (Modality 47) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 116. (Modality 48) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 116. (Modality 49) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 116.(Modality 50) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 117. (Modality 51) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 117. (Modality 52) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 117.

[137] (Modality 53) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 118. (Modality 54) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 118. (Modality 55) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 substitutions or Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 116 / 503 92 / 456 amino acid deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 118. (Modality 56) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 119. (Modality 57) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 119. (Modality 58) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 119. (Modality 59) The antibody anti-TL1A of mode 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 120. (Mode 60) The anti-TL1A antibody of mode 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 120.(Modality 61) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 120.

[138] (Modality 62) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 121. (Modality 63) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 121. (Modality 64) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 121. (Modality 65) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 122. (Modality 66) The anti-TL1A antibody of Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 117 / 503 93 / 456 embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 122. (Emodality 67) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 122. (Emodality 68) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 123. (Emodality 69) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 123. (Modality 70) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 123.(Modality 71) Anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 124. (Modality 72) Anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 124. (Modality 73) Anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 124.

[139] (Modality 74) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 125. (Modality 75) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 125. (Modality 76) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 118 / 503 94 / 456 a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 125. (Modality 77) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 126. (Modality 78) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 126. (Modality 79) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 126. (Modality 80) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 127.(Modality 81) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 127. (Modality 82) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 127. (Modality 83) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 128. (Modality 84) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 128.(Modality 85) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 128.

[140] (Modality 86) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 129. (Modality 87) Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 119 / 503 95 / 456 Anti-TLIA antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 129. (Modality 88) Anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 129. (Modality 89) Anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 130. (Modality 90) Anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 130.(Modality 91) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 130. (Modality 92) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 131. (Modality 93) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 131. (Modality 94) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 131. (Modality 95) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 132.(Modality 96) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 132. (Modality 97) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable chain region... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 120 / 503 96 / 456 heavy comprises a sequence having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 132.

[141] (Modality 98) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 133. (Modality 99) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 133. (Modality 100) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 133. (Modality 101) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 134. (Modality 102) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 134.(Modality 103) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 134. (Modality 104) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 135. (Modality 105) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 135. (Modality 106) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 135.

[142] (Modality 107) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 121 / 503 97 / 456 embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 201. (Emodiment 108) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Emodiment 109) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Emodiment 110) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, in which the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 111) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-106, in which the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202.(Modality 112) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 113) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 203. (Modality 114) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 203. (Modality 115) The antibody anti-TL1A of any of the 1-106 embodiments, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 203.(Modality 116) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-106, in which the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 117) O. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 122 / 503 98 / 456 anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Emodiment 118) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Emodiment 119) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 205. (Emodiment 120) The antibody anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205.(Modality 121) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 122) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises SEQ ID NO: 206. (Modality 123) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-106, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 206. (Modality 124) The antibody anti-TL1A of any of the 1-106 embodiments, wherein the variable light chain region comprises a sequence having about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared with SEQ ID NO: 206.

[143] (Modality 125) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A217. (Modality 126) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence by Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 123 / 503 99 / 456 less about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 101, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 127) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A220. (Modality 128) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 102, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 129) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A223.(Modality 130) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 103, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 131) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A219. (Modality 132) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 133) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A221.(Modality 134) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 105, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 124 / 503 100 / 456

[144] (Modality 135) The anti-TLIA antibody of modality 1, comprising A200. (Modality 136) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 103, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 137) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A213. (Modality 138) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 106, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 139) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A212.(Modality 140) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 107, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 141) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A107. (Modality 142) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 108, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 143) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A205.(Modality 144) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence that is at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 125 / 503 101 / 456 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 109, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202.

[145] (Modality 145) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A211. (Modality 146) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 108, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 147) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A199. (Modality 148) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 109, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 149) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A15.(Modality 150) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 108, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 203. (Modality 151) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A30. (Modality 152) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 108, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 153) The anti-TL1A antibody of... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 126 / 503 102 / 456 modality 1, comprising A100. (Modality 154) The anti-TLIA antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 107, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204.

[146] (Modality 155) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A181. (Modality 156) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 107, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 157) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A129. (Modality 158) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 110, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 159) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A214.(Modality 160) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 111, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 161) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A216. (Modality 162) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 127 / 503 103 / 456 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 112, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 163) The antiTL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A122. (Modality 164) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 113, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204.

[147] (Modality 165) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A222. (Modality 166) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 114, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 167) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A188. (Modality 168) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 115, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 169) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A203.(Modality 170) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 116, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 171) The anti- Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 128 / 503 104 / 456 TL1A of modality 1, comprising A147. (Modality 172) The anti-TLIA antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 117, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 173) The antiTL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A127. (Modality 174) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 118, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204.

[148] (Modality 175) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A126. (Modality 176) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 114, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 177) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A160. (Modality 178) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 102, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 179) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A157.(Modality 180) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence that is at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 129 / 503 105 / 456 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 181) The antiTL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A159. (Modality 182) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 119, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 183) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A218.(Modality 184) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 119, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201.

[149] (Modality 185) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A158. (Modality 186) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 101, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 187) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A125. (Modality 188) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 105, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 189) The Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 130 / 503 106 / 456 anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A103. (Modality 190) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 120, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 191) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A64. (Modality 192) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 121, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 193) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A67.(Modality 194) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 122, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202.

[150] (Modality 195) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A138. (Modality 196) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 122, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 204. (Modality 197) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A68. (Modality 198) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence of at least about 90%, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 131 / 503 107 / 456 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 123, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 199) The antibody modality anti-TL1A 1, comprising A94. (Modality 200) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 124, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 202. (Modality 201) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A110.(Modality 202) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 125, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 203) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A197. (Modality 204) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 116, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205.

[151] (Modality 205) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A112. (Modality 206) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 117, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 132 / 503 108 / 456 (Modality 207) The anti-TLIA antibody of modality 1, comprising A169. (Modality 208) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 126, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 209) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A173. (Modality 210) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 127, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 211) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A179.(Modality 212) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 127, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 213) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A148. (Modality 214) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 121, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201.

[152] (Modality 215) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A115. (Modality 216) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, in which the variable region of the heavy chain comprises a sequence by Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 133 / 503 109 / 456 less about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 122, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 217) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A149. (Modality 218) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 122, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. (Modality 219) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A134.(Modality 220) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 122, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 206. (Modality 221) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A113. (Modality 222) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 124, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 223) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A151.(Modality 224) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 124, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 201. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 134 / 503 110 / 456

[153] (Modality 225) The anti-TLIA antibody of modality 1, comprising A96. (Modality 226) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 128, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 227) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A132. (Modality 228) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 128, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 206. (Modality 229) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A196.(Modality 230) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 129, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 231) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A172. (Modality 232) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 130, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 233) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A75.(Mode 234) The antiTL1A antibody of mode 1, in which the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence that is at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 135 / 503 111 / 456 identical to SEQ ID NO: 131, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205.

[154] (Modality 235) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A174. (Modality 236) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 132, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 237) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A109. (Modality 238) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 133, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 239) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A198.(Modality 240) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 134, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 241) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, comprising A170. (Modality 242) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1, wherein the variable heavy chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 135, and the variable light chain region comprises a sequence at least about 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 205. (Modality 243) The anti- Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 136 / 503 112 / 456 TL1A modality 1, comprising A500. (Modality 244) Anti-TLIA antibody modality 1, comprising A501.

[155] (Modalidade 245) O anti-TL1A from the standard 1244, including the original Fc of human IgG1 includes: (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, or 329R (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, or 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, or 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, or 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E or 339L, (ii) 343I or 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, or 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, or 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D or 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M,or 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, or 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, or 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E, (vv) L234A and L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, and G237A, (xx) L234A, L235A, and P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, and P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, and G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, and P331S, (ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A and N297A, (jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of (a) - (uu), by Kabat numbering. (Modality 246) Anti-TL1A of any of the embodiments 1-244, comprising either (i) a human IgG4 Fc region or (ii) a human IgG4 Fc region comprising either (a) S228P and L235E, or (b) S228P, F234A, and L235A, as numbered by Kabat. (Modality 247) Anti-TL1A of any of, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 137 / 503 113 / 456 modes 1-244, comprising a human IgG2 Fc region; IgG2-IgG4 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2-IgG3 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2 comprising H268Q, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2m4); or IgG2 comprising V234A, G237A, P238S, H268A, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2a). (Mode 248) Anti-TL1A of any of modes 1-247, comprising a heavy chain Fc region comprising any of SEQ ID NOS: 320-362. (Modality 249) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-248, comprising a constant light chain region comprising SEQ ID NO: 319.

[156] (Modality 250) Anti-TL1A of any of the 1249 embodiments, comprising at least about 80% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Modality 251) Anti-TL1A of any of the 1-250 embodiments, comprising at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, or at least about 84% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Modality 252) Anti-TL1A of any of the 1-251 embodiments, comprising at least about 85% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein.(Modality 253) Anti-TL1A of any of the embodiments 1-252, comprising at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, or at least about 89% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Modality 254) Anti-TL1A of any of the embodiments 1-253, comprising at least about 90% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Modality 255) Anti-TL1A of any of the embodiments 1-254,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 138 / 503 114 / 456 comprising at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, or at least about 94% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Modality 256) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-255, comprising at least about 95% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Modality 257) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 1-256, comprising at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein.

[157] (Modality 258) Anti-TL1A of any of the 1257 modalities, comprising at least about 2 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 259) Anti-TL1A of any of the 1-258 modalities, comprising between about 2 pg / mL and about 60 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 260) Anti-TL1A of any of the 1-259 modalities, comprising between about 5 pg / mL and about 60 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 261) Anti-TL1A of any of the 1-260 modalities, comprising between about 10 pg / mL and about 60 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 262) Anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-261, comprising at least about 5 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein.(Modality 263) Anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-262, comprising at least about 10 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 264) Anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 1-263, comprising at least. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 139 / 503 115 / 456 approximately 15 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 265) The anti-TLIA of any of the modalities 1-264, comprising at least approximately 20 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. Constant regions anti-TLIA exemplary

[158] In some embodiments, one or more amino acid modifications may be introduced into the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of a human or humanized antibody, thereby generating an Fc region variant. An Fc region may comprise a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising a hinge region, CH2 domain, CH3 domain, or any combination thereof. As used herein, an Fc region includes native Fc sequence regions and variant Fc regions. The variant Fc region may comprise a human Fc region sequence (e.g., human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 Fc) comprising an amino acid modification (e.g., a substitution, addition, or deletion) at one or more amino acid positions. In an exemplary embodiment, the Fc region comprises any of the SEQ ID NOS: 320-362.

[159] In some embodiments, antibodies of this description have a reduced effector function as compared with a human IgG. Effector function refers to a biological event resulting from the interaction of an antibody Fc region with an Fc receptor or ligand. Non-limiting effector functions include C1q binding, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), Fc receptor binding, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), cytokine secretion, immune complex-mediated antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells, downregulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptor), and B cell activation. In some Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 140 / 503 In 116 / 456 cases, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) refers to a cell-mediated reaction in which non-specific cytotoxic cells expressing Fc receptors (e.g., natural killer cells, neutrophils, macrophages) recognize antibody bound to a target cell, subsequently causing lysis of the target cell. In some cases, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) refers to the lysis of target cells in the presence of complement, where the complement pathway of action is initiated by the binding of C1q to the antibody bound to the target.

[160] Some Fc regions have a natural lack of effector function, and some Fc regions may contain mutations that reduce effector functions. For example, IgG4 has low ADCC and CDC activities and IgG2 has low ADCC activity.

[161] The description provides antibodies comprising Fc regions characterized by exhibiting ADCC that is reduced by at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70% or more, as compared with an antibody comprising a non-variant Fc region, i.e., an antibody with the same sequence identity but for the substitution(s) that reduce(s) ADCC (such as human IgG1, SEQ ID NO: 320). The description provides antibodies comprising Fc regions characterized by exhibiting CDC that is reduced by at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70% or more, as compared with an antibody comprising a non-variant Fc region, that is, an antibody with the same sequence identity but for the substitution(s) that reduce(s) CDC (such as human IgG1, SEQ ID NO: 320).In certain modalities, the antibodies in this description have reduced effector function, as compared to human IgG1. Measurement of effector function can be performed. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 141 / 503 117 / 456 as described in Example 3.

[162] Non-limiting examples of Fc mutations in IgG1 that may reduce ADCC and / or CDC include substitutions at one or more positions: 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 264, 265, 267, 269, 270, 297, 299, 318, 320, 322, 325, 327, 328, 329, 330, and 331 in IgG1, where the numbering system of the constant region is that of the EU index, as specified by Kabat. In certain embodiments, antibodies in this description have reduced effector function, as compared with human IgG1.

[163] In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an N297A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an N297Q substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an N297D substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a D265A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an S228P substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an L235A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an L237A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an L234A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a substitution. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 142 / 503 118 / 456 E233P, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an L234V substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a C236 deletion, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a P238A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an A327Q substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a P329A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a P329G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an L235E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a P331S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising an L234F substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 235G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 235Q substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 235R substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, a... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 143 / 503119 / 456 antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 235S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 236F substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 236R substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 237E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 237K substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 237N substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 237R substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 238A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 238E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 238G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 238H substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 238I substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 238V substitution. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 144 / 503 120 / 456 according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 238W substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 238Y substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 248A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254D substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254H substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254I substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254N substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254P substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254Q substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254T substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 145 / 503 121 / 456 comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 254V substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 255N substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 256H substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 256K substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 256R substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 256V substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 264S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 265H substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 265K substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 265S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 265Y substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 267G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 267H substitution, according to the... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 146 / 503 122 / 456 Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 267I substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 267K substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 268K substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 269N substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 269Q substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 270A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 270G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 270M substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 270N substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 271T substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 272N substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 279F substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 147 / 503 123 / 456 comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 279K substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 279L substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 292E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 292F substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 292G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 292I substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 293S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 301W substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 304E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 311E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 311G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 311S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 316F substitution. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 148 / 503 124 / 456 according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 327T substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 328V substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 329Y substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 330R substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 339E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 339L substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 343I substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 343V substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 373A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 373G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 373S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 376E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises a... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 149 / 503 125 / 456 Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 376W substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 376Y substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 380D substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 382D substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 382P substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 385P substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 424H substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 424M substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 424V substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 434I substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 438G substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 439E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 439H substitution, according to the system of. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, pp. 150 / 503 126 / 456 Kabat numbering. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 439Q substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 440A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 440D substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 440E substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 440F substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 440M substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 440T Fc region substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising a 440V substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.

[164] In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region selected from the representative sequences described in Table 3. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising E233P, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG4 comprising S228P and L235E. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L235E, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L234A and L235A, according to Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 151 / 503 127 / 456 with the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L234A, L235A, and G237A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L234A, L235A, and P329G, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L234F, L235E, and P331S, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L234A, L235E, and G237A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L234A, L235E, G237A, and P331S, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L234A, L235A, G237A, P238S, H268A, A330S, and P331S (IgG^), according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising L234A, L235A, and P329A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising G236R and L328R, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising G237A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising F241A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising V264A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising D265A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 152 / 503 128 / 456 comprising D265A and N297A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising D265A and N297G, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising D270A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising N297A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising N297G, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising N297D, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising N297Q, according to the Kabat numbering system.In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising P329A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising P329G, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising P329R, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising A330L, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising P331A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG1 comprising P331S, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG2. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG4. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 153 / 503 129 / 456 In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an IgG4 Fc region comprising S228P, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an IgG4 Fc region comprising S228P, F234A, and L235A, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an IgG2-IgG4 cross-subclass Fc region (IgG2 / G4). In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an IgG2-IgG3 cross-subclass Fc region. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an IgG2 Fc region comprising H268Q, V309L, A330S, and P331S, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG2 comprising V234A, G237A, P238S, H268A, V309L, A330S, and P331S, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region comprising high-mannose glycosylation.

[165] In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG4 comprising an S228P substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG4 comprising an A330S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG4 comprising a P331S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.

[166] In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG2 comprising an A330S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG2 comprising a P331S substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG2 comprising a 234A substitution, of Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 154 / 503 130 / 456 according to the Kabat numbering system. In some embodiments, an antibody comprises an Fc region of IgG2 comprising a 237A substitution, according to the Kabat numbering system.

[167] In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising a sequence from Table 9B. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region, as shown in Table 14. Table 14. Exemplary Fc mutations Mutations Constant Region (SEQ ID NO) K_DL R_EM K_EM IgG1 wild type 320 321 322 L235E 323 324 325 L234A, L235A 326 327 328 L234A, L235A, G237A 329 330 331 L234A, L235A, P329G 332 333 334 L234F, L235E, P331S 335 336 337 L234A, L235E, G237A 338 339 340 L234A, L235E, G237A, P331S 341 342 343 L234A, L235A, P329A 344 345 346 D265A 347 348 349 N297G 350 351 352 D265A, N297A 353 354 355 D265A, N297G 356 357 358 L235A, G237A 359 360 361 Wild-type IgG4 362

[168] In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 320 or a sequence Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 155 / 503 131 / 456 at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 320. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 321 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 321. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 322 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 322. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 323 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 323.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 324 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 324. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 325 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 325. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 326 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 326. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 327 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 327.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 328 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 328. In certain embodiments, an antibody... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 156 / 503 The 132 / 456 anti-TLIA antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 329 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 329. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 330 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 330. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 331 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 331. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 332 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 332.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 333 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 333. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 334 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 334. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 335 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 335. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 336 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 336.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 337 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 157 / 503 133 / 456 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 337. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 338 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 338. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 339 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 339. In certain embodiments, a The anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 340 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 340. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 341 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 341.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 342 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 342. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 343 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 343. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 344 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 344. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 345 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 345. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 158 / 503 134 / 456 Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 346 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 346. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 347 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 347. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 348 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 348. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 349 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 349.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 350 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 350. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 351 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 351. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 352 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 352. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 353 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 353.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 354 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 159 / 503 135 / 456 ID NO: 354. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 355 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 355. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 356 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 356. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 357 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 357. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 358 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 358.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 359 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 359. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 360 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 360. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 361 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 361. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 362 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 362.

[169] In some embodiments, the antibodies in this description are variants Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 160 / 503 136 / 456 which possess some, but not all, effector functions, making it a desirable candidate for applications where the antibody half-life in vivo is important, yet certain effector functions (such as complement and ADCC) are unnecessary or deleterious.

[170] In vitro and / or in vivo cytotoxicity assays can be performed to confirm the reduction / depletion of CDC and / or ADCC activities. For example, Fc receptor (FcR) binding assays can be conducted to ensure that the antibody lacks FcR binding (therefore probably lacking ADCC activity), but retains FcRn binding capacity. Effector function measurement can be performed as described in Example 3.

[171] In some embodiments, antibodies are tested for binding to Fcy and C1q complement receptors by ELISA. In some embodiments, antibodies are tested for the ability to activate primary human immune cells in vitro, for example, by assessing their ability to induce the expression of activation markers.

[172] In some modalities, evaluation of ADCC activity of an anti-TL1A antibody involves adding the antibody to target cells in combination with immune effector cells, which can be activated by the antigen-antibody complexes resulting in cytolysis of the target cell. Cytolysis can be detected by the release of the marker (e.g., radioactive substrates, fluorescent dyes, or natural intracellular proteins) from lysed cells. Useful effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Specific examples of in vitro ADCC assays are described in Wisecarver et al., 1985 79:277-282; Bruggemann et al., 1987, J Exp Med 166:1351-1361; Wilkinson et al., 2001, J Immunol Methods 258:183-191; Patel et al., 1995 J Immunol Methods 184:29-38. Alternatively, or additionally, activity Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 161 / 503 137 / 456 The ADCC of the antibody of interest can be evaluated in vivo, for example, in an animal model, such as that described in Clynes et al., 1998, PNAS USA 95:652-656.

[173] In some embodiments, antibodies comprising an Fc region exhibit diminished ADCC activities here, as compared with an unmodified antibody (e.g., an antibody with human IgG1). In some embodiments, the antibodies here exhibit ADCC activities that are at least 2 times, or at least 3 times, or at least 5 times, or at least 10 times, or at least 50 times, or at least 100 times lower than those of an unmodified antibody. In some embodiments, antibodies here exhibit ADCC activities that are reduced by at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 40%, or at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%, or at least 100%, or at least 200%, or at least 300%, or at least 400%, or at least 500% relative to an unmodified antibody. In certain embodiments, antibodies here show no detectable ADCC activity.In certain embodiments, the reduction and / or ablation of ADCC activity may be attributed to the reduced affinity that the antibodies of the invention exhibit for Fc ligands and / or receptors.

[174] In some modalities, an assessment of complement activation, a CDC assay, can be performed as described in GazzanoSantoro et al., 1996, J. Immunol. Methods, 202:163.

[175] In some embodiments, antibodies comprising Fc regions described herein exhibit decreased affinities for C1q relative to an unmodified antibody (e.g., human IgG1). In some embodiments, antibodies herein exhibit affinities for the C1q receptor that are at least 2-fold, or at least 3-fold, or at least 5-fold, or at least 7-fold, or at least 10-fold, or at least 20-fold, or at least 30-fold, or at least Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 162 / 503 138 / 456 less 40 times, or at least 50 times, or at least 60 times, or at least 70 times, or at least 80 times, or at least 90 times, or at least 100 times, or at least 200 times lower than that of an unmodified antibody. In some embodiments, antibodies here exhibit affinities for C1q that are at least 90%, at least 80%, at least 70%, at least 60%, at least 50%, at least 40%, at least 30%, at least 20%, at least 10%, or at least 5% lower than that of an unmodified antibody. In some embodiments, antibodies here exhibit affinities for C1q that are between about 100 nM to about 100 μM, or about 100 nM to about 10 μM, or about 100 nM to about 1 μM, or about 1 nM to about 100 μM, or about 10 nM to about 100 μM, or about 1 μM at about 100 μM, or about 10 μM at about 100 μM.In certain modalities, antibodies here exhibit affinities for C1q that are greater than 1 μM, greater than 5 μM, greater than 10 μM, greater than 25 μM, greater than 50 μM, or greater than 100 μM.

[176] In some embodiments, antibodies comprising Fc regions described here exhibit decreased CDC activities as compared with an unmodified antibody (e.g., human IgG1). In some embodiments, antibodies here exhibit CDC activities that are at least 2 times, or at least 3 times, or at least 5 times, or at least 10 times, or at least 50 times, or at least 100 times lower than those of an unmodified antibody. In some embodiments, antibodies here exhibit CDC activities that are reduced by at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 40%, or at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%, or at least 100%, or at least 200%, or at least 300%, or at least 400%, or at least 500% relative to a Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 163 / 503 139 / 456 unmodified antibody. In certain embodiments, antibodies herein do not exhibit detectable CDC activities. In some embodiments, the reduction and / or ablation of CDC activity may be attributed to the reduced affinity that the antibodies of the invention exhibit for Fc ligands and / or receptors.

[177] Consequently, anti-TL1A antibodies comprising a variant Fc region (e.g., harboring mutations) that reduce the cytotoxic response (e.g., ADCC or CDC) elicited by an anti-TL1A antibody are further provided and described herein. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 401 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 401. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 402 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 402. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 403 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 403.In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 404 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 404. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 405 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 405. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 406 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 406. In some embodiments, an antibody. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 164 / 503 The 140 / 456 anti-TLIA antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 407 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 407. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 408 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 408. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 409 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 409. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 410 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 410.In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 411 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 411. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 412 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 412. In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises an Fc region comprising SEQ ID NO: 413 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 413.

[178] As a further example, in certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 501 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 501. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 165 / 503 141 / 456 comprising SEQ ID NO: 502 or a sequence at least approximately 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 502. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 503 or a sequence at least approximately 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 503. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 504 or a sequence at least approximately 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 504. In certain embodiments, an antiTL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 505 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 505.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 506 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 506. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 507 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 507. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 508 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 508. In certain embodiments, an antiTL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 509 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 509.In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 510 or a sequence at least about 90% of that value. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 166 / 503 142 / 456 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 510. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 511 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 511. In certain embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 512 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 511. NO: 512. In certain embodiments, an antiTL1A antibody described herein comprises a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 513 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 513. In certain embodiments, the heavy chain is paired with a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 514 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 514.In certain embodiments, the heavy chain is paired with the variable light chain region of SEQ ID NO: 514 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to the variable light chain region of SEQ ID NO: 514.

[179] In some embodiments, anti-TL1A described herein comprises a constant light chain region comprising SEQ ID NO: 319 or a sequence at least about 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 319. Anti-TLIA antibodies, non-limiting additional samples

[180] In one aspect, a first embodiment of an anti-TL1A antibody is provided herein comprising a heavy chain comprising an HCDR1, an HCDR2, and an HCDR3, and a light chain comprising an LCDR1, an LCDR2, and an LCDR3. Additional non-limiting embodiments include: (Embodiment 2) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 1, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 167 / 503143 / 456 comprising an HCDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 1. (Modality 3) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1 or modality 2, comprising an HCDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2. (Modality 4) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1 or modality 2, comprising an HCDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 3. (Modality 5) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1 or modality 2, comprising an HCDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4. (Modality 6) The anti-TL1A antibody of modality 1 or modality 2, comprising an HCDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5. (Modality 7) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the modalities 1-6, comprising an HCDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6. (Modality 8) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the (Modality 9) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-6, comprising an HCDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 8.(Modality 10) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-6, comprising an HCDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 9. (Modality 11) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-10, comprising an LCDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 10. (Modality 12) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-11, comprising an LCDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 11. (Modality 13) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-12, comprising an LCDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 12. (Modality 14) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-12, comprising an LCDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 13. (Modality 15) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-12, comprising an LCDDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 14 or 15.

[181] (Modality 16) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 168 / 503 144 / 456 modalities 1-15, comprising a heavy chain framework comprising IGHV1-46*02. (Embodiment 17) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-15, comprising a heavy chain backbone comprising an IGHV1-46*02 variant comprising between about 1 and about 20 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 316. (Embodiment 18) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-15, comprising a heavy chain backbone comprising an IGHV1-46*02 variant comprising between about 1 and about 9 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 316. (Embodiment 19) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-15, comprising a heavy chain backbone comprising an IGHV1-46*02 variant comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 316 in the framework.(Embodiment 20) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 17-19, wherein the heavy chain backbone substitution comprises Q1E, as determined by Aho numbering. (Embodiment 21) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 17-20, wherein the heavy chain backbone substitution comprises R45K, as determined by Aho numbering. (Embodiment 22) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 17-21, wherein the heavy chain backbone substitution comprises A47R, as determined by Aho numbering. (Embodiment 23) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 17-22, wherein the heavy chain backbone substitution comprises M55I, as determined by Aho numbering. (Modality 24) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 17-23, in which the heavy chain scaffold substitution comprises V78A, as determined by Aho numbering.(Modality 25) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the modalities 17-24, in which the scaffold replacement of. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 169 / 503 145 / 456 heavy chain comprises M80I, as determined by Aho numbering. (Embodiment 26) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 17-25, wherein the heavy chain backbone substitution comprises R82T, as determined by Aho numbering. (Embodiment 27) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 17-26, wherein the heavy chain backbone substitution comprises V89A, as determined by Aho numbering. (Embodiment 28) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 17-27, wherein the heavy chain backbone substitution comprises M91L, as determined by Aho numbering.

[182] (Modality 29) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-15, comprising a heavy chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 301. (Modality 30) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 29, wherein X1 is Q. (Modality 31) The anti-TL1A of embodiment 29, wherein X1 = E. (Modality 32) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 29-31, wherein X2 = R. (Modality 33) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 29-31, wherein X2 = K. (Modality 34) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 29-33, wherein X3 = A. (Modality 35) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 29-33, wherein X3 = R. (Modality 36) The antiTL1A of any of the modes 29-35, where X4 = M. (Modality 37) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-35, where X4 = I. (Modality 38) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-37, where X5 = V. (Modality 39) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-37, where X5 = A.(Mode 40) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-39, where X6 = M. (Mode 41) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-39, where X6 = I. (Mode 42) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-41, where X7 = R. (Mode 43) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-41, where X7 = T. (Mode 44) The anti-TL1A of any. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 170 / 503 146 / 456 one of the modes 29-43, where X8 = V. (Modality 45) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-43, where X8 = A. (Modality 46) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-45, where X9 = M. (Modality 47) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 29-45, where X9 = L.

[183] ​​​​(Modality 48) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-15, comprising a heavy chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 302. (Modality 49) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 48, wherein X1 is Q. (Modality 50) The anti-TL1A of embodiment 48, wherein X1 = E. (Modality 51) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 48-50, wherein X2 = R. (Modality 52) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 48-50, wherein X2 = K. (Modality 53) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 48-52, wherein X3 = A. (Modality 54) The anti-TL1A of any of embodiments 48-52, wherein X3 = R. (Modality 55) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 48-54, where X4 = M. (Modality 56) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 48-54, where X4 = I. (Modality 57) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 48-56, where X5 = V. (Modality 58) The anti-TL1A of any of the modes 48-56, where X5 = A.(Modality 59) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 48-58, where X6 = M. (Modality 60) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 48-58, where X6 = I. (Modality 61) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 48-60, where X7 = R. (Modality 62) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 48-60, where X7 = T. (Modality 63) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 48-62, where X8 = V. (Modality 64) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 48-62, where X8 = A. (Modality 65) The anti-TL1A of any of the modalities 48-64, where X9 = M. (Modality 66) The anti-TL1A of any of the of the modalities 48-64, where X9 = L.

[184] (Modality 67) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 171 / 503 147 / 456 modalities 1-66, comprising a light chain framework comprising IGKV3-20*01. (Embodiment 68) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-66, comprising a light chain scaffold comprising an IGKV3-20*01 variant comprising between about 1 and about 20 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 317. (Embodiment 69) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-66, comprising a light chain scaffold comprising an IGKV3-20*01 variant comprising about 1 amino acid substitution of SEQ ID NO: 317. (Embodiment 70) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-66, comprising a light chain scaffold comprising an IGKV3-20*01 variant comprising about 2 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 317.(Embodiment 71) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-66, comprising a light chain scaffold comprising an IGKV3-20*01 variant comprising about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO: 317 in the scaffold. (Embodiment 72) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 69-71, wherein the light chain scaffold substitution comprises L54P, as determined by Aho numbering. (Modality 73) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 69-72, in which the light chain scaffold substitution comprises L55W, as determined by Aho numbering.

[185] (Modality 74) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-66, comprising a light chain comprising a light chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 303. (Modality 75) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 74, wherein X10 is L. (Modality 76) The anti-TL1A antibody of embodiment 74, wherein X10 is P. (Modality 77) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 74-76, wherein X11 is L. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 172 / 503 148 / 456 (Modality 78) The anti-TLIA antibody of any of the 74-76 modalities, where X11 is W.

[186] (Modalidade 79) O anti-TL1A from the standard 1-78, including human Fc IgG1 includes (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, or 329R (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V, 238W, or 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, or 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, or 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M, ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E or 339L, (ii) 343I or 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, or 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, or 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D or 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M,or 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, or 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, or 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E, (vv) L234A and L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, and G237A, (xx) L234A, L235A, and P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, and P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, and G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, and P331S, (ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A and N297A, (jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of (a) - (uu), by Kabat numbering. (Modality 80) Anti-TL1A of any of the embodiments 1-78, comprising either (i) a human IgG4 Fc region or (ii) a human IgG4 Fc region comprising either (a) S228P and L235E, or (b) S228P, F234A, and L235A, as numbered by Kabat. (Modality 81) Anti-TL1A of any of, Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 173 / 503 149 / 456 modes 1-78, comprising a human IgG2 Fc region; IgG2-IgG4 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2-IgG3 cross-subclass Fc region; IgG2 comprising H268Q, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2m4); or IgG2 comprising V234A, G237A, P238S, H268A, V309L, A330S, P331S (IgG2a). (Mode 82) Anti-TL1A of any of modes 1-81, comprising a heavy chain Fc region comprising any of SEQ ID NOS: 320-362. (Modality 83) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-82, comprising a constant light chain region comprising SEQ ID NO: 319.

[187] (Embodiment 84) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-83, comprising at least about 80% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Embodiment 85) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-84, comprising at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, or at least about 84% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Embodiment 86) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-85, comprising at least about 85% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein.(Modality 87) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-86, comprising at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, or at least about 89% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Modality 88) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-87, comprising at least about 90% monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Modality 89) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-87. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 174 / 503 150 / 456 of embodiments 1-88, comprising at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, or at least about 94% of monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Emodiment 90) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-89, comprising at least about 95% of monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein. (Emodiment 91) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of embodiments 1-90, comprising at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% of monomeric fraction, as determined by the size exclusion chromatography method described herein.

[188] (Modality 92) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-91, comprising at least about 2 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 93) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-92, comprising between about 2 pg / mL and about 60 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 94) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-93, comprising between about 5 pg / mL and about 60 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 95) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-94, comprising between about 10 pg / mL and about 60 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 96) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the modalities 1-95, comprising at least about 5 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein.(Modality 97) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-96, comprising at least about 10 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 98) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 175 / 503 151 / 456 modalities 1-97, comprising at least about 15 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 99) Anti-TL1A antibody of any of the modalities 1-98, comprising at least about 20 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein. (Modality 100) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-91, comprising between about 2 pg / mL and about 50 pg / mL, between about 2 pg / mL and about 40 pg / mL, between about 2 pg / mL and about 30 pg / mL of expression, between about 2 pg / mL and about 20 pg / mL, between about 5 pg / mL and about 50 pg / mL, between about 5 pg / mL and about 40 pg / mL, between about 5 pg / mL and about 30 pg / mL, between about 10 pg / mL and about 50 pg / mL, between about 10 pg / mL and about 40 pg / mL, or between about 10 pg / mL and about 30 pg / mL, as determined by the method described herein.(Modality 101) The anti-TL1A antibody of any of the embodiments 1-91, comprising approximately 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 pg / mL of expression, as determined by the method described herein.

[189] In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises antibody A. As used herein, antibody A comprises the antibody A CDRs in Table 10. In some cases, antibody A comprises a heavy chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 301 (Embodiment X1VQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKAS[HCDR1]WVX2QX3PGQGLEWX4G[HCDR2]RX 5TX6TX7DTSTSTX8YX9ELSSLRSEDTAVYYCAR[HCDR3]WGQGTTVTVSS), wherein X1 = Q or E, X2 = R or K, X3 = A or R, X4 = M or I, X5 = V or A, X6 = M or I, X7 = R or T, X8 = V or A, and X9 = M or L. In some cases, antibody A comprises a light chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 303 (Modality EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSC[LCDR1]WYQQKPGQAPRX10X11IY[LCDR2]GIPDRFS GSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYC[LCDR3]FGGGTKLEIK), where X10 = L or P and X11 Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 176 / 503 152 / 456 = L or W. In some cases, antibody A comprises a variable heavy chain region comprising a human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold or a modified human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold, wherein the modified human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold has less than or equal to about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions in the scaffold. In some cases, antibody A comprises a variable light chain region comprising a human IGKV3-20 backbone or a modified human IGKV3-20 backbone, wherein the modified human IGKV3-20 backbone has less than or equal to about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions in the backbone. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising reduced ADCC and / or CDC, as compared with IgG1. For example, antibody A comprises an Fc region of human IgG1 comprising (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K,(c) 279L, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, (f) 234A, 234V, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V 238W, ou 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, ou 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, ou 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E ou 339L, (ii) 343I ou 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, ou 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, ou 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D ou 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M, ou 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, ou 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, ou 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E, (vv) L234A e L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, e G237A,(xx) L234A, L235A, and P329G, (yy), Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 177 / 503 153 / 456 L234F, L235E, and P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, and G237A, (aaa), L234A, L235E, G237A, and P331S (bbb) L234A, L235A, G237A, P238S, H268A, A330S, and P331S (IgGla) (kkk) D270A, (lll) A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of (a) - (uu), by Kabat numbering. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 320. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 321.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 322. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 323. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 324. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 325.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 326. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 178 / 503 154 / 456 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 327. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 328. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 329. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 330. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 331.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 332. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 333. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 334. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 335.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 336. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 179 / 503 155 / 456 at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 337. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 338. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 339. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 340. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% match for SEQ ID NO: 341.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 342. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 343. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 344. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 345.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 346. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 180 / 503 156 / 456 In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 347. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 348. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 349. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 350.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 351. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 352. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 353. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 354.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 355. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 181 / 503 157 / 456 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 356. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 357. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 358. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 359. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 360.In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 361. In some cases, antibody A comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 362. In some cases, antibody A comprises at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% monomeric fraction as measured by the size exclusion method described in Example 2. In some cases, antibody A is expressed from FreeStyle 293-F cells (e.g., ThermoFisher Scientific #R79007) at an expression level of approximately, or at least approximately, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 5, 57, 58, 59 or 60 pg / mL, as determined by the method described in Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 182 / 503 158 / 456 Example 2. In some cases, antibody A is expressed from FreeStyle 293-F cells at an expression level between approximately 2 μg / mL and approximately 60 μg / mL. In some cases, antibody A is expressed from FreeStyle 293-F cells at an expression level between approximately 10 μg / mL and approximately 60 μg / mL. In some cases, antibody A has a viscosity lower than approximately 30 mPa-s. In some cases, antibody A comprises a viscosity of about 4 mPa-s to about 30 mPa-s, or about 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 mPa-s. In some cases, antibody A is formulated in a solution having a concentration of about 10 mg / ml to about 170 mg / ml, with a viscosity less than about 30 mPa-s. In some cases, the formulation has a pH of about 5 to about 7.5.

[190] In some embodiments, an anti-TL1A antibody comprises antibody B. As used herein, antibody B comprises the antibody B CDRs in Table 10. In some cases, antibody B comprises a heavy chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 301 (X1VQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKAS [HCDR1]WVX2QX3PGQGLEWX4G[HCDR2]RX5TX6TX7DTSTSTX8YX9ELSSLRSEDT AVYYCAR[HCDR3]WGQGTTVTVSS), wherein X1 = Q or E, X2 = R or K, X3 = A or R, X4 = M or I, X5 = V or A, X6 = M or I, X7 = R or T, X8 = V or A, and X9 = M or L. In some cases, antibody B comprises a light chain scaffold comprising SEQ ID NO: 303 (EIVLTQSPGTLSLSPGERATLSC[LCDR1] WYQQKPGQAPRX10X11IY[LCDR2]GIPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYC[LCDR 3]FGGGTKLEIK), wherein X10 = L or P and X11 = L or W. In some cases, antibody B comprises a variable heavy chain region comprising a human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold or a modified human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold, wherein the modified human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold has less than or equal Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p. 183 / 503 159 / 456 to approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions in the scaffold. In some cases, antibody B comprises a variable light chain region comprising human IGKV3-20 scaffold or a modified human IGKV3-20 scaffold, wherein the modified human IGKV3-20 scaffold has less than or equal to approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 amino acid substitutions in the scaffold. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region containing reduced ADCC and / or CDC, as compared to IgG1. For example, antibody B comprises a human IgG1 Fc region comprising (a) 297A, 297Q, 297G, or 297D, (b) 279F, 279K, or 279L, (c) 228P, (d) 235A, 235E, 235G, 235Q, 235R, or 235S, (e) 237A, 237E, 237K, 237N, or 237R, (f) 234A, 234V, or 234F, (g) 233P, (h) 328A, (i) 327Q or 327T, (j) 329A, 329G, 329Y, or 329R (k) 331S, (l) 236F or 236R, (m) 238A, 238E, 238G, 238H, 238I, 238V,238W, ou 238Y, (n) 248A, (o) 254D, 254E, 254G, 254H, 254I, 254N, 254P, 254Q, 254T, ou 254V, (p) 255N, (q) 256H, 256K, 256R, ou 256V, (r) 264S, (s) 265H, 265K, 265S, 265Y, ou 265A, (t) 267G, 267H, 267I, ou 267K, (u) 268K, (v) 269N ou 269Q, (w) 270A, 270G, 270M ou 270N, (x) 271T, (y) 272N, (z) 292E, 292F, 292G, ou 292I, (aa) 293S, (bb) 301W, (cc) 304E, (dd) 311E, 311G, ou 311S, (ee) 316F, (ff) 328V, (gg) 330R, (hh) 339E ou 339L, (ii) 343I ou 343V, (jj) 373A, 373G, ou 373S, (kk) 376E, 376W, ou 376Y, (ll) 380D, (mm) 382D ou 382P, (nn) 385P, (oo) 424H, 424M, ou 424V, (pp) 434I, (qq) 438G, (rr) 439E, 439H, ou 439Q, (ss) 440A, 440D, 440E, 440F, 440M, 440T, ou 440V, (tt) E233P, (uu) L235E, (vv) L234A e L235A, (ww) L234A, L235A, e G237A, (xx) L234A, L235A, e P329G, (yy) L234F, L235E, e P331S, (zz) L234A, L235E, e G237A, (aaa) L328R, (eee) G237A, (fff) F241A,(ggg) V264A, (hhh) D265A, (iii) D265A and N297A, (jjj) D265A and N297G, (kkk) D270A, (lll), Petition 870260035084, of 15 / 04 / 2026, p. 184 / 503 160 / 456 A330L, (mmm) P331A or P331S, or (nnn) any combination of (a) - (uu), by Kabat numbering. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 320. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 321. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 322. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 323.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 324. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 325. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 326. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 327.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 328. In some cases, antibody B. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 185 / 503 161 / 456 comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 329. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 330. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 331. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 332.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 333. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 334. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 335. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 336.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 337. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 186 / 503 162 / 456 99% or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 338. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 339. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 340. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about of 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 341. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 342.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 343. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 344. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 345. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 346.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 347. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 187 / 503 163 / 456 approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 348. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 349. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 350. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 351. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% match for SEQ ID NO: 352.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 353. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 354. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 355. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 356.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 357. In some cases... Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, page 188 / 503 164 / 456 antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 358. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 359. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 360. In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least approximately 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity to SEQ ID NO: 361.In some cases, antibody B comprises a constant region comprising at least about 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%,...

Claims

1. Antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A (TL1A) type ligand, characterized in that it comprises a variable heavy chain scaffold region comprising a human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold (SEQ ID NO: 316) or a modified human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold, and a variable light chain scaffold region comprising a human IGKV3-20 scaffold (SEQ ID NO: 317) or a modified human IGKV3-20 scaffold; wherein the variable heavy chain framework region and the variable light chain framework region collectively comprise one to eight amino acid modifications of the human IGHV1-46*02 framework and the human IGKV3-20 framework, wherein the amino acid modification(s) comprise(s): (a) a modification at amino acid position 45 in the variable heavy chain framework region; (b) a modification at amino acid position 47 in the variable heavy chain framework region;(c) a modification at amino acid position 55 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (d) a modification at amino acid position 78 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (e) a modification at amino acid position 80 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (f) a modification at amino acid position 82 in the variable region of the heavy chain; (g) a modification at amino acid position 89 in the variable region of the heavy chain; or (h) a modification at amino acid position 91 in the variable region of the heavy chain; by numbering Aho; or (i) a combination of two or more modifications selected from (a) to (h).

2. Antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to tumor necrosis factor 1A (TL1A) type ligand, characterized in that it comprises a variable heavy chain scaffold region comprising a human IGHV1-46*02 scaffold (SEQ ID NO: 316) or a Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, p.482 / 503 2 / 4 modified human IGHV1-46*02 framework, and a variable light chain framework region comprising a human IGKV3-20 framework (SEQ ID NO: 317) or a modified human IGKV3-20 framework; wherein the variable heavy chain framework region and the variable light chain framework region collectively comprise one to eight amino acid modifications of the human IGHV1-46*02 framework and the human IGKV3-20 framework, wherein the amino acid modification(s) comprise(s): (a) a modification at amino acid position 54 of the variable light chain framework region; and / or (b) a modification at amino acid position 55 of the variable light chain framework region, numbered Aho.

3. Antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TL1A, characterized in that the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises: (a) a variable heavy chain region comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96% identical to SEQ ID NO: 104; and (b) a variable light chain region comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96% identical to SEQ ID NO:

201.

4. Antibody that binds to TL1A, characterized in that the antibody comprises: (a) a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96% identical to SEQ ID NO: 505; and (b) a light chain comprising an amino acid sequence at least 96% identical to SEQ ID NO:

514.

5. Isolated polynucleotide, characterized in that it encodes the antibody or antigen-binding fragment defined in claim 3 or 4.

6. Isolated vector, characterized in that it comprises the polynucleotide defined in claim 5.

7. Isolated host cell, characterized in that it comprises the vector defined in claim 6. Petition 870260035084, dated 04 / 15 / 2026, pp. 483 / 503 3 / 4 8. Method for preparing an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TL1A, characterized in that the method comprises: a) culturing the host cell, as defined in claim 7, under conditions suitable for expression of the polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof; and b) isolating the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.

9. Use of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, as defined in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is used in the manufacture of a medicament for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in an individual.

10. Antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TL1A, characterized in that it comprises a variable heavy chain region comprising: (a) an HCDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence as specified by SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) an HCDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence as specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 2 to 5; and (c) an HCDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence as specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 6 to 9; and a variable light chain region comprising: (d) an LCDR1 comprising an amino acid sequence as specified by SEQ ID NO: 10; (e) an LCDR2 comprising an amino acid sequence as specified by SEQ ID NO: 11; and (f) an LCDR3 comprising an amino acid sequence as specified by any of SEQ ID NOS: 12 to 15;and a crystallizable fragment region (Fc) comprising reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function when compared with human IgG1 and / or reduced complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) when compared with human IgG1.

11. Liquid composition, characterized in that it comprises the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that binds to TL1A, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is at a concentration of 10 mg / ml to 170 mg / ml.

Images