Method and device for monitoring the track signals of a position change sensor

Abstract

A method and device for monitoring the track signals of a position change sensor; a resource- optimized diagnosis of errors of track signals of a position change sensor being carried out.

Description

Method and Device for Monitoring the Track Signals of a Position Change Sensor Technical Field The present invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring the track signals of a position change sensor. Background Position change sensors, such as angular position sensors, are known from DE 10 2007 033 009 A1. A length or angle measuring system having an error detection device is known from DE3631429A1. A monitoring unit and method for monitoring position signals of incremental position measuring devices is known from DE102011083042A1. A signal processor is known from WO2006092026A1. A position sensor monitoring method is known from EP1302753A1. An integrated circuit arrangement and method for signal monitoring is known from DE102010051873A1. Therefore, the present invention is based on the object of further developing resource-intensive error diagnosis for implementing complete detection of track signal errors in position change sensors. Summary The object of the present invention is achieved in the method as herein described and in the device as herein described. In this context, the task of a position change sensor according to the present invention is to measure changes in position or angle of a moving system part and convert this information to electrical signals, so that with the aid of these signals, a control and / or regulating system may control, in a targeted manner, further actuators connected indirectly or directly to this system part, in particular, a drive unit made up of an electric motor and a brake. These electrical signals of the position change sensor are typically generated by an optical or magnetic method, in that two sensors are positioned so that a scale made up of alternating bright and dark spots, or of changing magnetic flux densities, is scanned in such a manner, that the one sensor always measures an extremum, while at the same time, the other sensor detects the zero crossing. This produces two continuous, sinsusoidal signals, the analog track signals A and B, which are 90° out of phase. If track signal A leads track signal B in time, then a movement in one direction is taking place. If track signal A trails track signal B in time, then a movement in the opposite direction is taking place. Thus, an information item regarding direction may be derived in light of the two track signals A and B. If, in the case of rotated position change sensors, the number of marks per revolution are known, or, in the case of linear measuring devices, the distance between two marks, i.e., the scale, is known, then the change in position, the speed and the acceleration may additionally be calculated. With knowledge of a particular reference position, which is ascertained, for example, using a reference run of the system, the change in position relative to this reference position, and thus, the exact, current position, as well, may be determined. For simple position measuring applications, sinusoidal track signals A and B are typically converted to digital square-wave signals by Schmitt triggers. In this context, the digitization takes place either directly in the position change sensor or in the control and / or regulating system. If the digitization takes place in the position change sensor, then the digital square-wave signals are transmitted with TTL or HTL levels to the control and / or regulating system. In the case of digitization in the control and / or regulating system, the transmission by the position change sensor takes place via sinusoidal track signals A and B. The change in position or angle of a moving system part may be calculated from the time characteristic of these digital square-wave signals, with a certain amount of inaccuracy due to the digitization. The digitized track signals are adequate for common applications, such as ascertaining an angular motion. However, this method is overly inaccurate for detecting very slow movements and is only possible, using an estimate of the change in motion and appropriate interpolation. For position measuring applications, which require a higher accuracy, the transmission to the control and / or regulating system always occurs via analog track signals A and B. In addition to the digitization, sampling of the analog track signals by an analog-to-digital converter at a high resolution, typically, at least 10 bits, mostly takes place in the control and / or regulating system, in order to keep the quantization error small. In this context, the analog signal levels digitally determined are used to ascertain the exact position within a period of the sinusoidal track signals. Thus, changes in linear motion or angle may be measured highly accurately, using a combination of analog and digital track signal evaluation. Alternatively, the track signal evaluation may also be integrated directly in the position change sensor. In this case, the measured changes in linear motion and angle are transmitted to the control and regulating system, using a digital data protocol, typically, via an industrial field bus, such as Profibus. The measured changes in linear motion and / or angle are used, for example, in order to move tool heads of machine tools, industrial robots and / or mobile assistance systems. In this case, a defective position change sensor mostly leads to the destruction of the workpiece and / or the machine, due to the incorrect regulation resulting from it. In the worst case, the operator of the machine may be injured or even killed. In this context, occurring errors may have various effects. Thus, an electrical defect, such as removal of the measuring standard or a short circuit on the connection lead, may result in interference of the analog track signals. A loss of the mechanical coupling between the motor and position change sensor results in output signals, which do not correspond to the actual motion and, in the most unfavorable case, even indicate stoppage, although a movement is still taking place. In the following, only the cases of errors, which have an effect on the analog track signals, are considered in more detail, since these may be detected by a suitable evaluation circuit in the control and / or regulating system. Further cases of errors must be controlled through error exclusion, for example, by mechanical overdimensioning and form locking, or by superordinate measures, mostly using the control method. In this context, the characteristic, that the sinusoidal track signals 90° out of phase describe a circle, is used for the evaluation of the analog track signals. The radius R of this circle must always be within a valid range of values and may be calculated, in each instance, from two simultaneously recorded, signal level values (UA, UB) of the track signals, using the Pythagorean trigonometric identity [Image disponible dans le document PDF, Image available in the PDF document] where f is a track signal frequency at time t. In this context, if ascertained radius R is outside of the permissible tolerance, then the further evaluation unit of the present invention signals an error. In order that no erroneous signals lie within the permissible tolerance range for a large portion of the signal period, a signal period is sampled at least 5 times. Consequently, every error in the position change sensor and on the track signals is detectable. Thus, a large need of the evaluating microcontroller for resources and, therefore, overly high material costs of the evaluation circuit, are prevented. In the method for monitoring the track signals of a position change sensor, in particular, with the aid of an encoder signal diagnostic device, the important features of the present invention are that the track signals of the position change sensor are sampled cyclically in a chronological sequence, in particular, succession, of sampling times, and the sampling values determined in this manner are evaluated; the sequence being made up of time periods; each time period including more than four sampling times set apart temporally from each other at regular intervals, and, in this context, each time period being assigned a respective temporal spacing (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5); in particular, each of the time periods being assigned a respective spacing bijectively. In this instance, the advantage is that a further frequency range may be evaluated, using as few samplings as possible, and at as high a resolution as possible. In a further advantageous refinement, the temporal spacing assigned to one of the time periods is less than the temporal spacing assigned to another time period situated later within the sequence; in particular, the temporal spacing assigned to a time period of the sequence directly following a preceding time period of the sequence being twice as large as the temporal spacing assigned to the preceding time period. In this instance, the advantage is that the base patterns are positioned so as to be superimposed on each other, and consequently, respective frequencies may be measured at a high resolution in a time-saving manner. In a further advantageous refinement, the spacing assigned to a, in particular, the first, time period of the sequence, corresponds to a fifth of the period length of the maximum allowable frequency of the output signals of the position change sensor, in particular, signal frequency fMAX, or less, and / or the spacing assigned to a, in particular, to the last, time period of the sequence corresponds to a fifth of the period length of a limiting signal frequency fG, or less. In this context, the advantage is that the entire frequency range may be evaluated without any gaps or with few gaps. In a further advantageous refinement, the track signals are also evaluated on the basis of digital signal parameters, for example, on the basis of trailing and / or leading switching edges, and the result of this evaluation is combined with the evaluation of the sampling values, in particular, in such a manner, that the track signals up to a maximum signal frequency fMAX are diagnosed completely for errors. In this context, the advantage is that errors may be diagnosed in an improved manner. In one further advantageous refinement, the sequence is generated in advance, in particular, during production or initial operation, and stored in a lookup table unit. In this case, the advantage is that a particularly simple method is implementable, and only a small amount of computing time is necessary. In the case of the device, in particular, for implementing a method mentioned above, in particular, for diagnosing errors of track signals of a position change sensor (6), in particular, of an incremental encoder, the important features are that the device includes: - a first evaluation unit; a further evaluation unit; - and a logic operations unit; the first evaluation unit evaluating the track signals on the basis of digital signal parameters, for example, on the basis of trailing and / or leading switching edges; at least one status information item, in particular a speed information item and / or a position information item and / or a direction of movement information item and / or an acceleration information item and / or a feedback information item, being computed from the digital signal parameters and made available at a first output of the first evaluation unit; in response to the identification of an error condition of the digital signal parameters, an error signal being generated at a further output of the first evaluation unit; the further evaluation unit evaluating the track signals on the basis of analog signal parameters, typically, on the basis of voltage levels and / or current levels; in response to departure from a valid range of the analog signal parameters, an error signal being generated at the output of the further evaluation unit; by performing a logic operation, the logic operations unit generating a resulting error signal at the output of the logic operations unit as a function of the computed status information item, the state of the error signal of the first evaluation unit, and the state of the error signal of the further evaluation unit; at least the resulting error signal of the logic operations unit being transmitted to a first output of the encoder signal diagnostic device; and the resulting error signal indicating if the track signals of the position change sensor are erroneous. In this connection, the advantage is that a suitable combination of both digital and analog signal parameters produces an optimized error diagnosis. Thus, according to the present invention, the problem of resource-intensive error diagnosis for achieving complete exposure of track signal errors in position change sensors is solved by carrying out the diagnostic evaluation in a manner adapted to a maximum occurring track signal frequency, with the aid of both digital signal parameters and analog signal parameters; by suitably combining the two types of signal parameters, the number of measuring times needed being able to be reduced in such a manner, that consequently, costs, in particular, component and / or manufacturing costs, may be reduced. In one further advantageous refinement, the status information item of the first evaluation unit is transmitted to another output of the encoder signal diagnostic device. The advantage of this is that these status information items may also be used for further control and / or regulating tasks and, in this context, must only be calculated once. In one further advantageous refinement, the first evaluation unit is made up of a Schmitt trigger unit; - a quadrature decoder; an edge counter; - a status information computation unit; - and a comparator unit; the Schmitt trigger unit converting the track signals of the position change sensor to square-wave signals; the quadrature decoder generating a direction-dependent edge count value from the square-wave signals; the edge counter generating a direction-independent edge count value from the square-wave signals; the status information computation unit computing a status information item from the direction-dependent edge count value and supplying it to a first output of the first evaluation unit; and the comparator unit checking the direction-dependent edge count value and the direction-independent edge count value for equality and, in the event of inequality, sets an error signal at a further output of the first evaluation unit. The advantage of this is that two standard diagnostic methods, which are established and simple to implement, may be utilized. In one further advantageous refinement, further evaluation unit 3 is made up of - a timing generator unit; a lookup table unit; an analog-to-digital converter unit; and a trigonometric unit; the timing generator unit generating synchronization signals cyclically in variable intervals, as a function of the data from a lookup table unit; the analog-to-digital converter unit converting the current analog level of the track signals of the position change sensor to equivalent digital pairs of values (UA, UB) as a function of this synchronization signal; and the trigonometric unit checking the digital pairs of values (UA, UB) of the track signals for validity, using the equation [Image disponible dans le document PDF, Image available in the PDF document] and, upon departure from a defined tolerance range of values, sets an error signal at the output of the further evaluation unit. In this case, the advantage is that the signal evaluation is rapidly adaptable to the specific application via a change in the values in the lookup table unit. In one further advantageous refinement, logic operations unit 4 is made up of - a switch element; and a logic unit; the switch element transmitting or not transmitting the error signal of the first evaluation unit at its output as a function of the status information item of the first evaluation unit; and the logic unit setting an error signal at the output of the logic operations unit, as soon as the error signal of the first evaluation unit transmitted by the switch element and / or the error signal of the further evaluation unit is applied. In this connection, the advantage is that the results of different evaluation units are combinable. In the system made up of a frequency converter, position change sensor and encoder signal diagnostic device, the important features are that the encoder signal diagnostic device is integrated in a frequency converter; on the input side, the encoder signal diagnostic device being connectable to a position change sensor having an analog output stage; and on the output side, the encoder signal diagnostic device being connectable to the regulating portion of the signal electronics of the frequency converter. In this case, the advantage is that a position change sensor is easily implemented, since the more complex electronics for the error diagnosis is integrated in the frequency converter. In the case of the system made up of a frequency converter, position change sensor and encoder signal diagnostic device, the important features are that the encoder signal diagnostic device is constructed so as to be integrated directly in a position change sensor; on the input side, the encoder signal diagnostic device being connectable to the analog output stage of the position change sensor; the analog track signals being generated and / or conditioned in the analog output stage of the position change sensor; on the output side, the encoder signal diagnostic device being connectable by a converter to a serial communications interface; the position change sensor being connectable to a frequency converter via a serial communications interface; and at least the track signals and / or the status information item of the output of the first evaluation unit and the resulting error signal of the output of the logic operations unit being able to be transmitted by a further converter to the regulating portion of the signal electronics of the frequency converter, via this serial communications interface. In this connection, the advantage is that digitization of the status and error information may already be carried out in the position change sensor, and therefore, it is possible to transmit the data without interference to the frequency converter. In the system made up of a frequency converter, position change sensor and encoder signal diagnostic device, the important features are that the track signals of a position change sensor are completely diagnosable for errors up to a maximum signal frequency fMAX; the first evaluation unit evaluating track signals in the entire frequency range up to a maximum signal frequency fMAX; the further evaluation unit evaluating track signals less than or equal to limiting signal frequency fG in such a manner, that within a measuring cycle TCYCLE, each signal period is sampled N times, in particular, 5 times, and track signals between limiting frequency fG and maximum signal frequency fMAX are evaluated in such a manner, that within a measuring cycle TCYCLE, a signal period is sampled at least N times, in particular, at least 5 times; for track signals less than or equal to limiting signal frequency fG, the logic operations unit only transmitting the error signal of the second evaluation unit to its output; and for track signals greater than limiting signal frequency fG, the logic operations unit setting the error signal at the output, if either the error signal of the first evaluating unit or the error signal of the second evaluating unit is set. In this case, the advantage is that the results of the two evaluating units are combined optimally as a function of the status information item. In the system made up of a frequency converter, position change sensor and encoder signal diagnostic device, the important features are that the necessary measuring times are generated in advance and stored in a lookup table unit; the first measuring interval being selected in such a manner, that a period of limiting signal frequency fG is sampled N times, in particular, at least 5 times; at the first measuring interval, the track signals of the position change sensor being sampled continuously over measuring cycle TCYCLE; a further measuring interval Tn being half the duration of previous measuring interval Tn-1; a further measuring interval Tn being generated until maximum signal frequency fMAX is sampled N times, in particular, at least 5 times; at each further measuring interval Tn, the track signals only being sampled at the beginning of each measuring cycle TCYCLE for M, in particular, 9 measuring times; and simultaneous measuring times of different measuring intervals being combined to form one measuring time. In this connection, the advantage is that the number of necessary measuring times may be reduced. Further advantages are derived from the dependent features. The present invention is not limited to the combination of features described herein. For one skilled in the art, additional meaningful options for combining features as described herein, in particular, from the problem definition and / or the object resulting from a comparison with the related art. Brief Description of the Drawings The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures: An encoder signal diagnostic device 1 is represented in Figure 1. An exemplary implementation of the encoder signal diagnostic device 1 of the present invention, including a first evaluation unit 2, a further evaluation unit 3 and a logic operations unit 4, is illustrated in Figure 2. The generation of the measuring times for the further evaluation unit 3 in accordance with the present invention is described in Figure 3. An example of application of an encoder signal diagnostic device 1 according to the present invention, in which the encoder signal diagnostic device 1 is constructed so as to be integrated in a frequency converter 5 of an electric power drive system, is shown in Figure 4. A further example of application of an encoder signal diagnostic device 1 of the present invention, in which the encoder signal diagnostic device 1 is constructed so as to be integrated in a position change sensor 6, is sketched in Figure 5. Detailed Description As shown in Figure 1, the input signal of encoder signal diagnostic device 1 of the present invention is typically made up of two signal tracks. In this context, the two signal tracks are made up of a first signal track A and a second signal track B, second signal track B being 90° out of phase with respect to first signal track A. The two track signals form the input signals for both first evaluation unit 2 and further evaluation unit 3. From these track signals, first evaluation unit 2 computes, on the basis of digital signal parameters, at least one status information item, typically, a speed information item and / or a position information item and / or a direction of movement information item and / or an acceleration information item and / or a feedback information item, and makes this status information item available at a first output of first evaluation unit 2. In addition, first evaluation unit 2 checks the digital signal parameters for plausibility and, in response to the detection of an error, sets an error signal at a further output of first evaluation unit 2. A further evaluation unit 3 evaluates the track signals of position change sensor 6 on the basis of analog signal parameters and, in response to the detection of an error, for example, due to departure from a range of validity of the track signal level, generates an error signal at the output of further evaluation unit 3. The error signals at both the output of first evaluation unit 2 and the output of further evaluation unit 3 are dynamic and are only applied for the duration of an occurring and detected error. In light of the status information item generated in first evaluation unit 2, logical operations unit 4 decides how the error signals of first evaluation unit 2 and of further evaluation unit 3 are logically combined with each other and generates, from this, a resulting error signal at its output. For example, both the status information item of first evaluation unit 2 and the resulting error signal of logic operations unit 4 are transmitted to the outputs of encoder signal diagnostic device 1. In this context, the resulting error signal indicates if the track signals of position change sensor 6 are erroneous. An exemplary implementation of first evaluation unit 2, further evaluation unit 3 and logic operations unit 4 is represented in Figure 2. In the first evaluation unit 2, the two track signals of position change sensor 6 are initially converted to square-wave signals by Schmitt trigger unit 21. These square-wave signals are supplied to both a quadrature decoder 22 and an edge counter 23. If the square-wave signal of signal track A leads signal track B in time, then a movement in one direction is taking place. If signal track A trails signal track B in time, then a movement in the opposite direction is taking place. Quadrature decoder 22 detects this direction of movement and, at each switching edge, adds or subtracts a numerical value, typically, a 1, to or from a first counter as a function of the detected, current direction of movement. At each switching edge of the square-wave signal of track A and / or of the square-wave signal of track B, edge counter 23 adds a value to a further counter independently of the direction of movement. Status information computation unit 24 computes a status information item from the movement-direction-dependent, first counter of quadrature decoder 22. Within a measuring cycle TCYCLE, comparator unit 25 compares the magnitude of the change in the count of quadrature decoder 22 to the change in the count of edge counter 23. If the two changed values are unequal, then an error signal is generated at the output of comparator 25. Due to the differing computation methods in quadrature decoder 22 and edge counter 23, an inequality of the two changed values is always produced, if the direction of movement reverses inside of a measuring cycle TCYCLE and / or an error in the generation of a track signal in position change sensor 6 and / or an error in the transmission and / or processing of the track signals has occurred. In order to ensure that only the errors are detected, and not the permitted reversal of the direction of movement, the error signal of first evaluation unit 2 is only evaluated, if the status-information item lies above a certain limiting frequency fG. Based on the inertia of the actuator, whose movement is reflected by track signals A and B, this limiting frequency ensures that no change in the direction of movement can have occurred within a measuring cycle TCYCLE. In further evaluation unit 3, track signal levels A and B are converted to synchronized pairs of values (UA, UB) by an analog-to-digital converter unit 31. The measuring times of the analog-to- digital conversion are specified by a timing generator unit 32, the measuring times being calculated as a function of numerical values from a lookup table unit 33. In this context, by storing different measuring times, lookup table unit 33 provides the flexibility of adapting further evaluation unit 3 to the specific needs of an application. In trigonometic unit 34, synchronized pairs of values (UA, UB) are evaluated via the Pythagorean trigonometric identity, using the relationship [Image disponible dans le document PDF, Image available in the PDF document] If calculated value R2 exits a predefined, typically constant range, then an error signal is generated at the output of trigonometric unit 34, the error signal also being transmitted to the output of further evaluation unit 3. In this connection, this predefined range may be adapted application-specifically and is typically specified by the manufacturer of position change sensor 6. Logic operations unit 4 combines the error signal of first evaluation unit 2 and the error signal of further evaluation unit 3. In this context, the error signal of first evaluation unit 2 is gated out via switch element 41, if the status information item is less than limiting frequency fG and therefore does not always supply a valid error signal (see further above). Logic unit 42 sets an error signal at the output, if an error signal is applied to either the output of switch element 41 or to the output of further evaluation unit 3. Thus, below a limiting frequency fG, only the error signal of further evaluation unit 3, and above limiting frequency fG, the error signals of both first evaluation unit 2 and further evaluation unit 3, are used for generating a resulting error signal. Thus, as shown in Figure 2, the output signal of position change sensor 6 is monitored, on one hand, with regard to deviation from a permissible value of the sum of the squares of the two track signals, and, on the other hand, for counter errors in accordance with the described function of first evaluation unit 2. In this context, the monitoring for deviation is only carried out at the times, which are specified according to lookup table unit 33, which means that gap-free, continuous monitoring is not present. However, since the monitoring for counter errors according to the described function of first evaluation unit 2 is also carried out simultaneously to this monitoring, sufficiently high reliability may be ensured. In particular, all relevant types of errors are covered. The generation of measuring times according to the present invention, which are stored in lookup table unit 33 of further evaluation unit 3, and which are provided by timing generator unit 32 for synchronous analog-to-digital conversion of track signals A and B by analog-to-digital converter unit 31, is represented in Figure 3. In this context, measuring interval T1 is selected so that a track signal having a limiting frequency fG is sampled so often, that a number N, typically, a number of N 5, of measuring times sufficient for the needed diagnostic coverage is attained within a track signal period. In order to attain continuous sampling, a first set of measuring times is generated over entire measuring cycle TCYCLE, using this measuring interval T1. Simultaneously, a second set of measuring times is generated, by selecting a second measuring interval T2 having half the length of measuring interval T1 and adding a number K, typically, a quantity of 9, measuring times at the beginning of measuring cycle TCYCLE. Each additional set of measuring times is made up, in turn, of a number K of measuring times, which are added at the start of measuring cycle TCYCLE; measuring interval <semantics>TN<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_N< / annotation>< / semantics> always corresponding to half the length of preceding measuring interval <semantics>TN−1<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_{N-1}< / annotation>< / semantics>. The generation of further sets of measuring points is continued until at least a number N of measuring times lie within a track signal period of a track signal having a maximum frequency fMAX. The number K of measuring times of a set of measuring times must be selected in such a manner, that over the entire frequency range to be covered by the specific set of measuring times, the respective measuring interval is at least 75% or at least 270° of the track signal period. The final set of measuring times TM is yielded ultimately from the sum of all of the individual sets of measuring times; simultaneous measuring times being combined to form a common measuring time. Thus, according to the present invention, the analog output signal of position change sensor 6 is sampled cyclically according to a sequence of sampling times. The sequence is finite and may also be referred to as a one-dimensional pattern. Therefore, according to this specified pattern, the sampling times are positioned temporally one after another. As in Figure 3, the pattern is used in a cyclically repeated manner. In this context, the temporal length of the pattern is TCYCLE, which means that the pattern is used so as to be repeated with this period duration. The pattern is made up of a plurality of directly consecutive time periods, in which, in each instance, a plurality of sampling times are positioned so as to be temporally set apart from each other at regular intervals. However, the spacing is different in each time period, that is, variable. In the first time period, a very short spacing is implemented, in the second time period, a greater spacing, etc. In this context, each time period subsequent to a time period has a greater spacing. In Figure 3, the composition of the pattern as a sum of base patterns is explained in more detail. The first base pattern includes a regular spacing of sampling times having a time interval T1. In this case, the spacing is selected in such a manner, that at the maximum permissible frequency, that is, frequency <semantics>fMAX=1 / TMAX<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">f_{MAX} = 1 / T_{MAX}< / annotation>< / semantics>, a period of the output signal is sampled five times. Thus, <semantics>TMAX=5*T1<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_{MAX} = 5 * T_1< / annotation>< / semantics>. Further base patterns are generated on the basis of the first base pattern. In this context, the spacing of a subsequent base pattern is calculated as a function of the spacing of the respective, preceding base pattern according to the formula <semantics>TN=2*TN−1<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_N = 2 * T_{N-1}< / annotation>< / semantics>. The number of base patterns generated results from a technically sensible reduction in the scanning times in comparison with the scanning at the highest possible frequency. In the present case, 5 base patterns are generated. The first base pattern having spacing <semantics>T1<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_1< / annotation>< / semantics> extends over eight periods. The second base pattern has a greater spacing, namely, <semantics>T2=2*T1<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_2 = 2 * T_1< / annotation>< / semantics>, and extends over eight periods. The third base pattern has a greater spacing, namely, <semantics>T3=2*T2<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_3 = 2 * T_2< / annotation>< / semantics>, and extends over eight periods. The fourth base pattern has a greater spacing, namely, <semantics>T4=2*T3<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_4 = 2 * T_3< / annotation>< / semantics>, and extends over eight periods. The fifth base pattern has a greater spacing, namely, <semantics>T5=2*T4<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_5 = 2 * T_4< / annotation>< / semantics>, and extends temporally over time <semantics>𝖳𝖢𝖸𝖢𝖫𝖤<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">\mathsf{T}_{\mathsf{CYCLE}}< / annotation>< / semantics>. This yields a lower limiting frequency <semantics>fG=1 / TG<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">f_G = 1 / T_G< / annotation>< / semantics>, where <semantics>TG=5*T5<annotation encoding="application / x-tex">T_G = 5 * T_5< / annotation>< / semantics>, characterized in that an output signal having frequency fG is continuously scanned five times per period. The base patterns generated are summed or superimposed. In this context, simultaneous sampling times of different base patterns are combined to form one sampling time in the sum of the base patterns. Thus, the sum or superpositioning of the base patterns results in the pattern, which has, in the first time period, eight scanning times temporally set apart regularly from each other by T1; has, in the following time period, four scanning times temporally set apart regularly from each other by T2, has, in the time period following that, four scanning times temporally set apart regularly from each other by T3; has, in the time period following that, four scanning times temporally set apart regularly from each other by T4; and has, in the time period following that, scanning times temporally spaced apart regularly from each other by T5. In this manner, it is ensured that at least once per TCYCLE, a period of the output signal is sampled at least five times, as long as its frequency is in the permissible range between fG and fMAX. The periods of output signals having a frequency lower than fG are always sampled at least five times over a plurality of TCYCLE's. An advantage of this is that computing time may be reduced, since sampling at the highest possible frequency is not carried out over the entire interval TCYCLE. However, gap-free, continuous monitoring, thus, diagnosis as well, would not be able to be ensured, if the sampling represented in Figure 3 were used; but this gap in monitoring is reduced by digital monitoring carried out simultaneously. A first exemplary application of an encoder signal diagnostic device 1 according to the present invention, which is integrated in a frequency converter 5 of an electric power drive system, is shown in Figure 4. In this context, the external position change sensor 6 connected to frequency converter 5 in an electrically conductive manner is typically mounted to the shaft of an electric motor M; position change sensor 6 converting the angular motion to track signals A and B via a mechanical adapter 61 and with the aid of an analog signal recorder 62; for their part, the track signals being 90° out of phase and constituting the input track signals for encoder signal diagnostic device 1. The output signals of encoder signal diagnostic device 1, the status information item of first evaluation unit 2 and the resulting error signal of logic operations unit 4, are supplied to the regulating portion of signal electronics 51 of frequency converter 5. Regulating portion 51 uses the status information item for regulating and controlling electric motor M, and the resulting error signal is used as information as to whether the status information item is valid and may be used for regulation. In the event of an invalid status information item, the driving of electric motor M is immediately interrupted, so that a dangerous movement, which may cause damage to the system and / or cause injury to persons, does not take place. Consequently, only with a valid status information item, is it possible to set electric motor M into motion application-specifically via power electronics 52. A second exemplary application of an encoder signal diagnostic device 1 of the present invention, which is constructed so as to be integrated in a position change sensor 6, is represented in Figure 5. In contrast to Figure 4, in this case, the signal input of encoder signal diagnostic device 1 is connected directly to analog signal recorder 62 of position change sensor 6 in an electrically conductive manner. The output signals of encoder signal diagnostic device 1 are adapted to the protocol of a serial communications interface via a converter (63); the serial communications interface being connected to both position change sensor 6 and frequency converter 5. Using a further converter 63 in frequency converter 5, both the status information item and the resulting error signal of encoder signal diagnostic device 1 are provided cyclically to the regulating portion of control electronics 51 of frequency converter 5 in digitized form. In this manner, errors in the transmission between position change sensor 6 and frequency converter 5 may additionally be reduced. Thus, the present invention relates to resource-optimized diagnosis of errors of track signals of a position change sensor. This object of the present invention is achieved by carrying out the diagnostic evaluation in a manner adapted to a maximum occurring track signal frequency, using both digital signal parameters and analog signal parameters; by suitably combining the two types of signal parameters, the number of measuring times needed being able to be reduced in such a manner, that consequently, costs, in particular, component and / or manufacturing costs, may be reduced. The following list of reference characters is included in the description and clarifies further features of the present invention. LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS: 1 encoder signal diagnostic device 2 first evaluation unit; digital signal parameter evaluation 21 Schmitt trigger unit 22 quadrature decoder 23 edge counter 24 status information computation unit 25 comparator unit 3 further evaluation unit; analog signal parameter evaluation 31 analog-to-digital converter unit 32 timing generator unit 33 lookup table unit 34 trigonometric unit 4 logic operations unit 41 switch element 42 logic unit 5 frequency converter 51 regulating portion of the signal electronics 52 power electronics for operating an electric motor 6 position change sensor 61 mechanical adapter 62 analog signal recorder 63 converter to the protocol of a serial communications interface M electric motor f signal frequency fG limiting signal frequency fMAX maximum signal frequency t time T1 first test interval Tn nth or current test interval Tn-1 preceding test interval TM sum of the measuring times TCYCLE measuring cycle N number of measuring times needed per signal period for sufficient diagnostic coverage K number of measuring times needed for a set of measuring times UA signal level of track signal A UB signal level of the track signal B 90° out of phase with respect to track signal A ÛA amplitude of track signal A ÛB amplitude of track signal B

Claims

<pat:ClaimStatement>What is claimed is:< / pat:ClaimStatement> <pat:Claims com:id="claims"> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00001"> <pat:ClaimNumber>1< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>1. Device for diagnosing errors in track signals of a position-change sensor, comprising - a first evaluation unit, - a further evaluation unit, - and a gate unit, the first evaluation unit being configured to evaluate the track signals based on digital signal parameters, the first evaluation unit being configured such as to calculate at least one piece of status information from the digital signal parameters and to make it available at a first output of the first evaluation unit, the first evaluation unit being configured such as to generate an error signal at a further output of the first evaluation unit when an error status of the digital signal parameters is detected, the further evaluation unit being configured such as to generate an error signal at an output of the further evaluation unit, wherein: the further evaluation unit is configured such as to evaluate the track signals based on analogue signal parameters and to generate, at the output of the further evaluation unit, an error signal generated by the further evaluation unit when the analogue signal parameters leave a validity range, the gate unit being configured such as to generate, by means of logical gating, a resultant error signal at the output of the gate unit depending on the calculated status information, a status of an error signal of the first evaluation unit and a status of the error signal of the further evaluation unit and to forward at least a resultant error signal of the gate unit to a first output of the device. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00002"> <pat:ClaimNumber>2< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>2. Device according to claim 1, wherein: the device is in the form of a sensor-signal diagnosis device and is configured to forward status information of the first evaluation unit to a further output of the sensor-signal diagnosis device. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00003"> <pat:ClaimNumber>3< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>3. Device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: the first evaluation unit comprises: - a Schmitt trigger unit, - a quadrature decoder, - an edge counter, - a status-information calculation unit, and - a comparison unit, the Schmitt trigger unit being configured to convert the track signals of the position- change sensor into square-wave signals, the quadrature decoder being configured to generate a direction-dependent edge count from the square-wave signals, the edge counter being configured to generate a direction-independent edge count from the square-wave signals, the status-information calculation unit being configured to calculate a piece of status information from the direction-dependent edge count and to make it available at a first output of the first evaluation unit, and the comparison unit being configured to check, within a measurement cycle T CYCLE, the equality of the magnitude of the change in the direction-dependent edge count and the change in the direction-independent edge count, and to give an error signal at a further output of the first evaluation unit if they are not equal. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00004"> <pat:ClaimNumber>4< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the further evaluation unit (3) consists of: - a timer unit, - a lookup table unit, - an analogue / digital converter unit, and - a trigonometric unit, the timer unit being configured to generate synchronisation signals cyclically at variable intervals depending on data from a lookup table unit, the analogue / digital converter unit being configured to convert a current analogue level of the track signals of the position-change sensor into equivalent digital value pairs (UA, UB) depending on said synchronisation signal, and the trigonometric unit being configured to check the validity of the digital value pairs (UA, UB) of the track signals using the following equation: [Image disponible dans le document PDF, Image available in the PDF document] and to give an error signal at the output of the further evaluation unit if they leave a defined tolerance value range. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00005"> <pat:ClaimNumber>5< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the gate unit consists of: - a switch element, and - a logic unit, the switch element being configured to forward, or not forward, the error signal of the first evaluation unit at an output thereof depending on status information of the first evaluation unit, and the logic unit being configured to give an error signal at an output of the gate unit as soon as the error signal of the first evaluation unit forwarded by the switch element and / or the error signal of the further evaluation unit is / are applied. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00006"> <pat:ClaimNumber>6< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the device comprising a frequency changer and a position-change sensor, wherein: the first and further evaluation units and the gate unit are integrated in a frequency changer, the position-change sensor being configured to have an analogue output stage, and the first evaluation unit being connected, at its output, to the control component of the signal electronics of the frequency changer. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00007"> <pat:ClaimNumber>7< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>7. Device according to claim 6, wherein: the first and further evaluation units and the gate unit are integrated directly in the position-change sensor, the first and further evaluation units being connectable, at their inputs, to the analogue output stage of the position-change sensor, in which output stage the analogue track signals are generated and / or conditioned, the first evaluation unit and / or the gate unit being connectable, at their outputs, to a converter for a serial communications interface, the position-change sensor being connectable to a frequency changer by means of a serial communications interface, and at least the track signals and / or status information of an output of the first evaluation unit and a resultant error signal of an output of the gate unit being transmittable, by means of said serial communications interface, to the control component of the signal electronics of the frequency changer by means of a further converter. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00008"> <pat:ClaimNumber>8< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>8. Method for monitoring the track signals of a position-change sensor by means of a device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in the form of a sensor-signal diagnosis device, wherein the track signals of the position-change sensor are scanned cyclically in a time sequence of scanning times, and the scan values thus determined are evaluated, wherein the sequence is made up of time periods, wherein each time period in each case has more than four scanning times that are separated from one another regularly in terms of time, and in the process each time period is assigned a respective time spacing (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5), wherein each of the time periods is bijectively assigned a respective spacing, and wherein the sequence is generated in advance during manufacture or commissioning and stored in a lookup table unit. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00009"> <pat:ClaimNumber>9< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>9. Method according to claim 8, wherein: the time spacing assigned to one of the time periods is smaller than the time spacing assigned to another time period arranged later in the sequence. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00010"> <pat:ClaimNumber>10< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>10. Method according to claim 9, wherein: the time spacing assigned to a time period of the sequence that directly follows a preceding time period of the sequence is double that of the time spacing assigned to the preceding time period. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00011"> <pat:ClaimNumber>11< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>11. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein: the spacing assigned to a time period of the sequence corresponds to one fifth of the period length of a maximum permitted frequency of output signals of the position-change sensor and / or in that the spacing assigned to a time period of the sequence corresponds to one fifth or less of the period length of a threshold signal frequency fG. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> <pat:Claim com:id="CLM-00012"> <pat:ClaimNumber>12< / pat:ClaimNumber> <pat:ClaimText>12. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein: the track signals are also evaluated based on digital signal parameters and a result of this evaluation is gated to the evaluation of the scan values. < / pat:ClaimText> < / pat:Claim> < / pat:Claims>