Eyewear with contrast-enhancing properties and methods for manufacture

Abstract

Eyeglass lenses can enhance contrast to increase a wearer’s ability to perceive contrasts between colors. The lenses can be made up of various coatings applied to resin lenses. Optionally, the coatings can include one or more of a tinting layer, hard coating, anti-reflection coating, anti-fog coating, and hydrophobic coating. The hard coating can be dip coated onto the resin lenses, and the anti-reflection coating can be vacuum coated onto the hard coatings. The anti-reflection coating can be a layered structure including one or more of SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, Al2O3, and ITO. Optionally, the lens can comprise multiple transmittance reduction regions that transmit different colors of light. Optionally, the lens can comprise one or more absorbers configured to selectively absorb blue-green light, orange-yellow light, and / or red-light.

Description

-1- EYEWEAR WITH CONTRAST-ENHANCING PROPERTIES AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURE CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to, and the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 770,316, filed March 11, 2025, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND Field of the Inventions

[0002] The present disclosure relates to eyewear, and more specifically, to improved lens technology that can be used to provide contrast-enhancing properties for a wearer. Description of the Related Art

[0003] The use of eyewear that adapts to different environmental and lighting conditions has become increasingly common, providing enhanced comfort and utility for users in their daily lives. Advances in lens technologies, such as photochromic and polarized lenses, have made it possible for eyewear to offer improved performance by adjusting to varying light levels or reducing glare. These features have expanded the applications of eyewear beyond basic vision correction, making them integral tools for a wide range of activities and environments.

[0004] Despite these advancements, developing eyewear that effectively meets the demands of everyday life presents significant challenges. Factors such as temperature fluctuations, which can affect lens clarity and material performance, and specific scenarios like driving, where rapid light adjustments are critical, add complexity to the design process. Ensuring that eyewear remains comfortable, durable, and reliable across diverse conditions requires a careful balance of innovation, material science, and user-centered design. SUMMARY

[0005] In accordance with at least some embodiments disclosed herein is the realization that eyeglass lenses configured to accommodate the effects of myopia and / or presbyopia often need to be paired with photochromic, polarized, or tinted lenses. This can be beneficial where the wearer needs to work under changing lighting conditions, spend a light of CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -2- time outdoors, play sports, etc. However, conventional photochromic, polarized, or tinted eyeglass lenses distort the wearer’s vision—especially in harsh sunlight. In particular, these conventional eyeglass lenses can alter a wearer’s depth perception or make it difficult for the wearer to see contrasts between colors. This distortion can lead to uncomfortable eye strain and even cause injury in high-risk situations such as while the wearer participates in contact sports or extreme sports. Conventional photochromic, polarized, or tinted eyeglass lenses are also susceptible to fogging due to humidity around the glasses caused by sweat or environmental conditions such as weather.

[0006] Accordingly, eyewear with a layered structure made up of a resin lens with a tinting layer, a hard coating, a vacuum coated anti-reflection coating, and a thermal evaporated hydrophobic coating can be used to enhance the wearer’s ability to perceive contrasts between colors. Some embodiments of the eyewear (such as glasses, goggles, or other eyewear) disclosed in the present application can comprise a tinting layer that is effective to enhance the wearer’s perception of color contrast. Optionally, some embodiments can also include an anti-reflection coating that is configured to mitigate the harmful effects of blue light. Optionally, some embodiments can include an anti-fog coating that reduces the amount of fog that forms on the eyewear to enhance visibility through the eyewear.

[0007] The present disclosure addresses these and other challenges by providing innovative systems, methods, and devices that each have several innovative and beneficial aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.

[0008] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.

[0009] Additional features and advantages of the subject technology will be set forth in the description below, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the subject technology. The advantages of the subject technology will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and embodiments hereof as well as the appended drawings.

[0010] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -3- explanation of the subject technology. The disclosure of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 574,901, filed on June 13, 2024, is incorporated by reference herein, in its entirety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0011] Various features of illustrative embodiments of the inventions are described below with reference to the drawings. The illustrated embodiments are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the inventions. The drawings contain the following figures:

[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of the functional light blocking of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of the layers that constitute the layered structure of a contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a first example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a second example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a third example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a fourth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a fifth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a sixth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a seventh example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0021] FIG. 10 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by an eighth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a ninth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments.

[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a tenth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -4- DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] It is understood that various configurations of the subject technology will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure, wherein various configurations of the subject technology are shown and described by way of illustration. As will be realized, the subject technology is capable of other and different configurations and its several details are capable of modification in various other respects, all without departing from the scope of the subject technology. Accordingly, the summary, drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

[0025] The detailed description set forth below is intended as a description of various configurations of the subject technology and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the subject technology may be practiced. The appended drawings are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the detailed description. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the subject technology. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the subject technology may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the subject technology. Like components are labeled with identical element numbers for ease of understanding.

[0026] In accordance with at least some embodiments disclosed herein is the realization that many people need eyewear with photochromic, polarized, or tinted lenses in order to maintain clear vision in a variety of lighting conditions. However, existing eyeglasses with photochromic, polarized, or tinted lenses distort the wearers’ vision—in particular, making it difficult to perceive color contrasts. This distortion can lead to eye strain and obscured vision, which, in turn, can lead to injury.

[0027] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide eyewear (such as glasses, goggles, or other eyewear) that can comprise a tinting layer that is effective to enhance the wearer’s perception of color contrast. Optionally, some embodiments can also include an anti-reflection coating that is configured to mitigate the harmful effects of blue light. Optionally, some embodiments can include an anti-fog coating that reduces the amount of fog that forms on the eyewear to enhance visibility through the eyewear.

[0028] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of the functional light blocking of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -5- FIG. 1, section a corresponds to the blue-light blocking region, section b corresponds to transmittance reduction regions, and section c corresponds to chromaticity enhancement regions. Each of these regions is described in greater detail below.

[0029] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide for a contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens with a blue-light blocking region configured to reflect about 30% of light with a wavelength between about 390 nm and about 430 nm. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the contrast-enhancing lens, via the blue-light blocking section a, can block up to 30% of high-energy blue light with a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 420 nm. In other embodiments, the blue-light blocking region can reflect at least 40% of light with a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 420 nm. Optionally, the blue-light blocking region can reflect about 50% of blue light. Optionally, the blue-light blocking region can reflect about 60% of blue light.

[0030] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide for a contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens with transmittance reduction regions that can reduce the amount of light of a certain color that is transmitted through the lens. For example, the contrast-enhancing lens can include a transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of blue-green light—i.e., light with a wavelength between about 480 nm and about 520 nm or light with a wavelength between about 490 nm and about 510 nm. Optionally, the contrast-enhancing lens can include a transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of yellow-orange light—i.e., light with a wavelength between about 570 nm and about 610 nm or light with a wavelength between about 580 nm and about 600 nm. Optionally, the contrast-enhancing lens can include a transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of red light—i.e., light with a wavelength between about 670 nm and about 710 nm or light with a wavelength between about 680 nm and about 700 nm. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the contrast-enhancing lens reduces the transmittance of blue-green light, yellow-orange light, and red light. This is indicated by the dip in transmission percentage at the wavelength sections b between about 490 nm and about 510 nm, between about 580 nm and about 600 nm, and about 680 nm and about 700 nm.

[0031] At the same time, the contrast-enhancing lenses can include chromaticity enhancement regions that enhance certain colors of light. For example, the contrast-enhancing lens can include a transmittance enhancement region that enhances violet or blue-violet light—i.e., light with a wavelength between about 420 nm and about 470 nm or light with a wavelength between about 430 nm and about 460 nm. Optionally, the contrast-enhancing lens can also include CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -6- a transmittance enhancement region corresponding to green-yellow or yellow light—i.e., light with a wavelength between about 530 nm and about 580 nm or light with a wavelength between about 540 nm and about 570 nm. Optionally, the contrast enhancing lens can also include a transmittance enhancement region corresponding to orange-red light—i.e., light with a wavelength between about 600 nm and about 650 nm or light with a wavelength between about 610 nm and about 640 nm. The chromaticity enhancement regions can transmit between about 10% and about 80% of a corresponding-colored light. In some embodiments, the chromaticity enhancement regions can transmit about 80% or more of a corresponding-colored light. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the contrast-enhancing lens enhances the transmittance of violet / blue violet light, yellow light, and orange-red light. This is indicated by the peaks in transmission percentage at the wavelength sections c between about 430 nm and about 460 nm, 540 nm and about 570 nm, and about 610 nm and about 640 nm.

[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of the layers that constitute the layered structure of a contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 2 shows a coating structure that is symmetrical about a resin lens 1. While conventional contrast-enhancing lenses often distort the wearer’s vision, the symmetrical coating around the resin lens can reduces the distortive effect of the contrast-enhancing lenses disclosed herein. Moreover, the symmetrical coating structure ensures consistent optical performance of the lenses in both directions. Both sides of the resin lens 1 are coated with a tinting layer 2 and a hard coating 3 (which can also be referred to as a hardened layer 3). Similarly, each hard coating 3 is coated with an anti-reflection coating 4, which is layered structure that includes at least two of a SiO2 layer, a ZrO2 layer, a TiO2 layer, an ITO layer, or an Al2O3 layer. Finally, each anti-reflection coating 4 is adjacent to a hydrophobic coating 5. Each of these coatings is described in greater detail below.

[0033] The resin lens is a flat structure with two opposite sides (i.e., a front side and a back side). The two opposite sides can be referred to as the first surface and the second surface.

[0034] In some embodiments, the resin lens can be an impact-resistant resin lens. An impact-resistant resin lens can be made of high-strength materials that are less likely (than ordinary lenses) to break upon impact. This feature makes the contrast-enhancing lenses safe to wear during high-impact activities such as contact sports. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -7-

[0035] Optionally, the blue light blocking resin lens can have a refraction index between about 1.35 and about 1.85. Optionally, the blue light blocking resin lens can have a refraction index between about 1.49 and about 1.74. Optionally, the blue light blocking resin lens can have a refraction index of approximately 1.61.

[0036] In some embodiments, the resin lens comprises a 1.61MR-8plus lens. Optionally, the 1.61MR-8plus lens can be configured to selectively absorb ultraviolet light—i.e., light with a wavelength less than about 420 nm. In other embodiments, the resin lens comprises a 1.61MR-8plus, blue-light blocking lens. Optionally, the 1.61MR-8plus, blue-light blocking lens can be configured to absorb ultraviolet light and block harmful blue light.

[0037] In some embodiments, the resin lens is semi-finished. In other embodiments, the resin lens is uncoated.

[0038] Optionally, the resin lens is photochromic. Optionally, the resin lens is polarized. Optionally, the resin lens is tinted. Optionally, the resin lens is clear.

[0039] Tinting layers are disposed on either side of the resin lens. The tinting layers can selectively absorb visible light, which is light with a wavelength between about 370 nm and about 790 nm. In some embodiments, the tinting layers can absorb certain colors of visible light based on the color of the tint.

[0040] Hard coatings are disposed on each tinting layer. The hard coating can have a thickness between about 0.1 μm and about 12 μm. Optionally, the hard coating can have a thickness between about 0.5 μm and about 10 μm.

[0041] Optionally, the hard coating can be dip coated onto the tinting layers. By applying the hard coating here, the resin lens and the tinting layers become scratch-resistant and durable, which is essential for protecting the more sensitive anti-reflection coating.

[0042] In some embodiments, the hard coating can include an absorber. The absorber can comprise an organic dye or pigment. The absorber can be configured to absorb light of different wavelengths. For example, the hard coating with the absorber can selectively absorb different combinations of blue-green light, orange-yellow light, red light, etc. In particular, when the hard coating includes the absorber, the contrast-enhancing lens can absorb light with a wavelength between about 470 nm and about 510 nm, light with a wavelength between about 570 nm and about 600 nm, and / or light with a wavelength between about 670 nm and about 710 nm. Optionally, the contrast-enhancing lens can absorb light with a wavelength between about 480 nm CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -8- and about 500 nm, light with a wavelength between about 580 nm and about 590 nm, and / or light with a wavelength between about 680 nm and about 700 nm. This is discussed in greater detail below with respect to FIGS. 1-12 and the different examples of contrast-enhancing lens.

[0043] In other embodiments, the hard coating can include an absorber configured to selectively enhance different colors of light—e.g., blue light, green light, red light, etc.

[0044] An anti-reflection coating is disposed on each hard coating. The anti-reflection coating can be vacuum coated onto the resin lens and the hard coating. Optionally, the anti-reflection coating is an anti-reflection film.

[0045] The anti-reflection coating has a layered structure that includes at least two of a SiO2 layer having a thickness between about 10 nm and about 230 nm, a ZrO2 layer having a thickness between about 20 nm and about 90 nm, a TiO2 layer having a thickness between about 10 nm and about 210 nm, an ITO layer having a thickness between about 2 nm and about 20 nm, or an Al2O3 layer having a thickness between about 5 nm and about 25 nm. Optionally, the SiO2 layer can have a thickness between about 20 nm and about 200 nm, the ZrO2 layer can have a thickness between about 30 nm and about 80 nm, the TiO2 layer can have a thickness between about 20 nm and about 180 nm, the ITO layer can have a thickness between about 5 nm and about 15 nm, and the Al2O3 layer can have a thickness between about 8 nm and about 20 nm.

[0046] Each layer can be arranged to provide a gradual transition of refractive indices and applied at a specific thickness such that the layered structure interferes destructively with light rays in different portions of the visible light spectrum. For example, some anti-reflection coatings can include alternating SiO2 and ZrO2 layers, while others can have alternating SiO2 and TiO2 layers. Optionally, these anti-reflection coatings can also include Al2O3 and ITO. Changing the material, thickness, and order of each layer makes it possible to reduce and enhance the transmission of different colors of light through the lenses.

[0047] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection coating can be configured to selectively reflect visible light (i.e., light with a wavelength between about 370 nm and about 790 nm). For example, the anti-reflection coating can reflect different combinations of green light, red light, yellow light, purple light, high-energy blue light, etc.

[0048] A hydrophobic layer is disposed on each anti-reflection coating. The hydrophobic layer can have hydrophobic properties that can encourage water droplets on the lens (e.g., raindrops) to bead up and roll off the surface of the lens rather than spread out and form a CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -9- thick layer of water that obscures the driver’s vision. As a result, the ultra-hydrophobic layer can help maintain clear vision in wet conditions.

[0049] Similarly, the ultra-hydrophobic layer can repel oil and dirt, which helps wearers keep their lenses cleaner for longer and improves visibility. Additionally, lenses that stay cleaner for longer do not require frequent cleaning. Finally, because the hydrophobic layer can help keep lenses clean, the hydrophobic layer can provide the added benefit of optimizing the function of the layers beneath it, which includes the tinting layer and the anti-reflection coating.

[0050] The hydrophobic layer, as the outermost layer, can also serve to protect the layers beneath it from abrasion and wear. Lenses are exposed to a wide range of environmental stressors, and the hydrophobic layer can extend the life of the lenses by protecting the inner layers of the lenses against these stressors while maintaining the transparency of the lenses.

[0051] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic coating has a thickness between about 5 nm and about 55 nm. Optionally, the hydrophobic coating has a thickness between about 10 nm and about 50 nm or about 10 nm and about 30 nm. Optionally, the hydrophobic coating has a thickness of about 20 nm, 25 nm, or 30 nm. The thickness of the hydrophobic coating can be varied depending on the preferred lens qualities. For example, thinner hydrophobic coatings result in smoother surfaces (which can be preferred when prioritizing functions such as fog or oil resistance), while thicker hydrophobic layers enhance the durability of the lens.

[0052] The present disclosure also includes methods for manufacturing an eyeglass lens that enhance color contrast. Such a method may include providing a resin lens as previously described with respect to FIG. 2. The method may further include selecting one or more appropriate correction values and surface grinding the resin lens to apply the appropriate correction values to the resin lens. In some embodiments, the lens can be a single prescription lens. In other embodiments, the lens can be a progressive prescription lens. Optionally, the surface grinding is surface processing completed by optical design software. The method may also include wiping the resin lens, cleaning the resin lens with ultrasonic waves, and drying the resin lens.

[0053] In some embodiments, after providing the resin lens, the method can include processing the resin lens to accommodate a single light level. In other embodiments, the resin lens can be processed to accommodate progressive light levels or be processed into prism lenses.

[0054] Next, the resin lens can be stained with a tinting layer. The resin lens can be stained on one or both of its surfaces. The staining changes the tinting depth of the resin lens and CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -10- reduces the amount of light that passes through the lens. For example, a lens with a 10% tinting depth, which is a relatively light tint, allows 90% of light to pass through. In some embodiments, the resin lens can be stained with a tinting depth between about 5% and about 85%. Optionally, the resin lens can be stained with a tinting depth between about 10% and about 80%. In other embodiments, the resin lens can have a uniform grey tint with a 60% tinting depth. A grey tint minimizes distortion of the colors perceived by the wearer, which balances light reduction without biasing light with specific wavelengths. Accordingly, a grey tinted lens is suitable for general-purpose eyewear.

[0055] Optionally, a color powder can be used to stain the tinting layer onto the resin lens. The color powder can be used to apply a grey, teal, green, blue, etc. tinting layer to the resin lens.

[0056] Next, hard coatings may be dip coated or spin coated on top of the tinting layer. The lifting speed for applying the hard coatings can be between about 1.3 mm / s and about 2.3 mm / s. Optionally, the lifting speed is between about 1.5 mm / s and about 2.0 mm / s. The lifting speed used to apply the hard coating impacts the thickness of the hard coatings. For example, a faster lifting speed yields a thinner hard coating, while a slower lifting speed yields a thicker hard coating.

[0057] Optionally, the temperature of the hard coating is altered before the hard coating is applied to the resin lens. The temperature of the hard coating can be altered to change the viscosity of the hard coating (i.e., optimize the viscosity of the hard coating based on the composition of the other lens layers). The temperature can also impact the adhesion of the hard coating to the resin lens, the manner in which the hard coating cures, and the durability of the hard coating.

[0058] As described above, the hard coating can comprise an absorber. In some embodiments, the hard coating comprises between about 0.01% and about 5% of the absorber. The absorber can absorb harmful blue light while providing the wearer with sufficient visibility. Specifically, the absorber targets light with a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 500 nm. Optionally, the hard coating comprises between about 0.05% to about 1% of an absorber. A hard coating with this ratio balances enhancing the contrast of colors transmitted through the lens without sacrificing the hardness and durability of the lens. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -11-

[0059] Optionally, the hard coating solution is filtered through a cartridge with a thickness between about 1 μm and about 10 μm. Filtering the hard coating solution through the cartridge helps remove particulates in the hard coating. A smoother hard coating can be applied to the resin lens with greater uniformity, which improves the clarity of vision through the lens (e.g., by reducing the likelihood of forming defects such as bubbles or streaks during application of the hard coating), adhesion of the hard coating to the resin lens, and durability of the lens overall.

[0060] After the hard coating is applied to the resin lens, the hard coatings can be bombarded with ions to activate the hard coatings. In some embodiments, the hard coatings are bombarded with Ar ions.

[0061] The method may further include placing the resin lens with the tinting layer and the hard coating in a vacuum coating chamber and vacuum coating anti-reflection coatings onto one or both hard coatings. Vacuum coating the anti-reflection coating onto the hard coatings may include bombarding each of the hardened layers with Ar to activate each of the hard coatings and depositing on each of the hard coatings a layered structure that includes at least two of a SiO2 layer, a ZrO2 layer, a TiO2 layer, an ITO layer, or an Al2O3 layer, as described above with reference to FIG. 2. The layered structure may be deposited onto the hard coatings with an electron gun, which facilitates precise and uniform application of each layer. The hydrophobic coating is deposited onto each of the anti-reflection layers. The hydrophobic coating may be deposited using an electron gun or thermal evaporation. While thermal evaporation is less precise than electron gun deposition, thermal evaporation can be sufficient for singular layers such as the hydrophobic coating and can help reduce the cost of manufacturing the lens.

[0062] Optionally, depositing the anti-reflection coatings is done with an electron gun, which is ideal for precise and uniform application of each layer of the anti-reflection coating. Optionally, depositing the anti-reflection coatings is done by thermal evaporation.

[0063] The method for preparing contrast-enhancing lenses requires an electron gun power of about 3% to 55%, a thermal evaporation power of about 3% to about 20%, an anode voltage of about 50 Volts (V) to 150 V, an anode current of about 0.05 Amperes (A) to 0.5 A, an O2 flow rate between about 3 cm3 / min and about 60 cm3 / min (in other words, 3 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) and about 60 sccm), and an Ar flow rate of between about 5 cm3 / min and about 25 cm3 / min. Additionally, the vacuum coating chamber has a temperature between about 30 °C and about 50 °C and a pressure between about 4.0 x 10-3 Pascals (Pa) and about 2.0 x 10-5 CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -12- Pa. Moreover, the evaporation rates for vacuum coating the anti-reflection layer are between about 0.3 nm / s and about 2.8 nm / s for SiO2, about 0.3 nm / s and about 1.8 nm / s for ZrO2, about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.5 nm / s for TiO2, about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.4 nm / s for ITO, and about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.5 nm / s for Al2O3. Additionally, the evaporation rate for vacuum coating the hydrophobic coating is between about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.8 nm / s. Different embodiments of the contrast-enhancing lenses are manufactured using different vacuum chamber conditions. Adjusting these conditions allows fine control over film deposition rates and material density, which enhances the layer performance for different optical properties.

[0064] In a first example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and then cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is formulated to have 0.05% of a narrowband blue-green-light-absorbing dye, 0.08% of a narrowband yellow-orange-light-absorbing dye, and 0.03% of a narrowband red-light-absorbing dye. This hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 17 °C and a lifting speed of 2.0 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes.

[0065] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 3.0 x 10-4 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, ZrO2, ITO, Al2O3, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0066] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 130 nm, the first layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 30 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 25 nm, the second layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 50 nm, the first layer of ITO has a thickness of 8 nm, the first layer of Al2O3 has a thickness of 10 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 120 nm. The electron gun has a power of 40%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 10%, the anode voltage is 80 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 40 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 15 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.5 nm / s for SiO2, 0.75 nm / s for ZrO2, 0.1 nm / s for ITO, and 0.2 nm / s for Al2O3. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -13-

[0067] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.1 nm / s and has a thickness of 20 nm.

[0068] FIG. 3 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a first example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the first example of the contrast-enhancing lens enhances violet / blue-violet light (approximately 410 nm to 455 nm), green / green-yellow light (approximately 520 nm to 570 nm), and orange-red / red light (approximately 610 nm to 670 nm). In particular, the first example lenses transmit approximately 60% of violet / blue-violet, green / green-yellow, and orange-red / red light. In contrast, the first example lenses reduce blue / blue-green light (approximately 485 nm to 510 nm), yellow-orange light (approximately 580 nm to 600 nm), and red light (approximately 690 nm to 710 nm)—which corresponds with the light-absorbing dyes added to the hard coating solution described above. The combination of the transmittance enhancement of some colors and the transmittance reduction of other colors facilitates the wearer’s perception of increased color contrast through the first example lenses.

[0069] In a second example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and then cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is formulated to have 0.05% of a narrowband blue-green-light-absorbing dye, 0.08% of a narrowband yellow-orange-light-absorbing dye, and 0.05% of a narrowband red-light-absorbing dye. This hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 16 °C and a lifting speed of 1.5 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes.

[0070] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 4.0 x 10-4 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0071] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 130 nm, the first layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 60 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 120 nm, the second layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 70 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -14- thickness of 200 nm. The electron gun has a power of 36%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 12%, the anode voltage is 120 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 45 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 15 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.5 nm / s for SiO2 and 0.35 nm / s for TiO2.

[0072] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.25 nm / s and has a thickness of 20 nm.

[0073] FIG. 4 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a second example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the second example of the contrast-enhancing lens enhances violet / blue-violet light (approximately 410 nm to 455 nm), green / green-yellow light (approximately 530 nm to 570 nm), and orange-red / red light (approximately 610 nm to 640 nm). In particular, the second example lenses transmit up to 70% of violet / blue-violet light, up to 65% of green / green-yellow light, and approximately 55% of orange-red / red light. In contrast, the second example lenses reduce blue / blue-green light (approximately 485 nm to 515 nm), yellow-orange light (approximately 590 nm), and red light (approximately 690 nm to 710 nm)—which corresponds with the light-absorbing dyes added to the hard coating solution described above. The combination of the transmittance enhancement of some colors and the transmittance reduction of other colors facilitates the wearer’s perception of increased color contrast through the second example lenses.

[0074] In a third example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and then cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is formulated to have 0.06% of a narrowband blue-green-light-absorbing dye, 0.08% of a narrowband yellow-orange-light-absorbing dye, and 0.03% of a narrowband red-light-absorbing dye. This hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 18 °C and a lifting speed of 1.6 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes.

[0075] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 3.0 x 10-4 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -15- an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0076] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 80 nm, the first layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 35 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 40 nm, the second layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 22 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 100 nm. The electron gun has a power of 36%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 10%, the anode voltage is 80 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 40 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 15 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.2 nm / s for SiO2 and 0.35 nm / s for TiO2.

[0077] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.2 nm / s and has a thickness of 20 nm.

[0078] FIG. 5 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a third example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the third example of the contrast-enhancing lens enhances violet light (approximately 420 nm to 440 nm), green / green-yellow light (approximately 540 nm to 570 nm), and orange-red / red light (approximately 600 nm to 665 nm). In particular, the third example lenses transmit approximately 45% of violet light, up to 45% of green / green-yellow light, and approximately 60% of orange-red / red light. In contrast, the third example lenses reduce blue / blue-green light (approximately 490 nm to 510 nm), yellow-orange light (approximately 590 nm), and red light (approximately 700 nm)—which corresponds with the light-absorbing dyes added to the hard coating solution described above. The combination of the transmittance enhancement of some colors and the transmittance reduction of other colors facilitates the wearer’s perception of increased color contrast through the third example lenses.

[0079] In a fourth example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and then stained with a 60% grey tint.

[0080] The tinted resin lens is wiped and then cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is formulated to have 0.1% of a narrowband blue-green-light-absorbing dye, 0.16% of a narrowband yellow-orange-light-absorbing dye, and 0.08% of a narrowband red-light-absorbing dye. This hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -16- coating at a temperature of 18 °C and a lifting speed of 1.8 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes.

[0081] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 5.0 x 10-4 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0082] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 45 nm, the first layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 100 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 120 nm, the second layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 80 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 70 nm. The electron gun has a power of 40%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 10%, the anode voltage is 100 V, the anode current is 0.3 A, the O2 flow rate is 45 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 10 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.2 nm / s for SiO2 and 0.3 nm / s for TiO2.

[0083] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.2 nm / s and has a thickness of 30 nm.

[0084] FIG. 6 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a fourth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the fourth example of the contrast-enhancing lens enhances violet / blue-violet light (approximately 410 nm to 470 nm), yellow-green light (approximately 520 nm to 570 nm), and orange-red / red light (approximately 610 nm to 680 nm). In particular, the fourth example lenses transmit up to approximately 27% of violet light, approximately 20% of yellow-green light, and approximately 17% of orange-red / red light. In contrast, the fourth example lenses reduce blue-green light (approximately 500 nm to 510 nm) and yellow-orange light (approximately 590 nm)—which corresponds with the light-absorbing dyes added to the hard coating solution described above because the hard coating solution of the fourth example lens has a much greater percentage of blue-green and yellow-orange-light-absorbing dye than red-light-absorbing dye. The combination of the transmittance enhancement of some colors and the transmittance reduction of other colors facilitates the wearer’s perception of increased color contrast through the fourth example lenses. As shown by comparing FIG. 6 to the transmittance spectrums of the other CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -17- example contrast-enhancing lenses (e.g., FIG. 4), the fourth example lenses have a lower color contrast than some of the other example lenses.

[0085] In a fifth example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. In a fourth example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and then stained with a 60% grey tint.

[0086] The tinted resin lens is wiped and then cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is formulated to have 0.08% of a narrowband blue-green-light-absorbing dye, 0.15% of a narrowband yellow-orange-light-absorbing dye, and 0.03% of a narrowband red-light-absorbing dye. This hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 16 °C and a lifting speed of 2.0 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes.

[0087] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 3.0 x 10-4 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0088] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 160 nm, the first layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 100 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 35 nm, the second layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 150 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 70 nm. The electron gun has a power of 37%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 10%, the anode voltage is 90 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 40 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 12 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.2 nm / s for SiO2 and 0.3 nm / s for TiO2.

[0089] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.15 nm / s and has a thickness of 30 nm.

[0090] FIG. 7 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a fifth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the fifth example of the contrast-enhancing lens enhances violet / blue-violet light CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -18- (approximately 420 nm to 460 nm), green / green-yellow light (approximately 520 nm to 570 nm), and orange-red / red light (approximately 610 nm to 680 nm). In particular, the fifth example lenses transmit approximately 30% of violet / blue-violet light, approximately 20% of green / green-yellow light, and up to approximately 65% of orange-red / red light. In contrast, the fifth example lenses reduce blue-green light (approximately 500 nm to 510 nm), yellow-orange light (approximately 585 nm to 595 nm), and red light (approximately 700 nm)—which corresponds with the light-absorbing dyes added to the hard coating solution described above. The combination of the transmittance enhancement of some colors and the transmittance reduction of other colors facilitates the wearer’s perception of increased color contrast through the fifth example lenses.

[0091] In a sixth example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant uncoated resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected. The resin lens is dyed 60% green before being wiped and then cleaned and dried using ultrasound. The green tinting layer has minimal impact on contrast perception and is suited to high-glare environments. The 60% tinting depth balances this glare reduction with visibility.

[0092] Next, a hard coating solution is formulated to have 0.09% of a narrowband blue-green-light-absorbing dye, 0.08% of a narrowband yellow-orange-light-absorbing dye, and 0.06% of a narrowband red-light-absorbing dye. This hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 16 °C and a lifting speed of 1.9 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes.

[0093] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 9.0 x 10-3 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, ZrO2, ITO, Al2O3, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0094] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 130 nm, the first layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 30 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 25 nm, the second layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 50 nm, the first layer of ITO has a thickness of 8 nm, the first layer of Al2O3 has a thickness of 10 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 120 nm. The electron gun has a power of 38%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 11%, the anode voltage is 100 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 40 sccm, and the Ar flow CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -19- rate is 11 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.3 nm / s for SiO2, 0.7 nm / s for ZrO2, 0.15 nm / s for ITO, and 0.18 nm / s for Al2O3.

[0095] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.25 nm / s and has a thickness of 25 nm.

[0096] FIG. 8 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a sixth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the sixth example of the contrast-enhancing lens enhances violet / blue-violet light (approximately 420 nm to 460 nm), green / green-yellow light (approximately 530 nm to 570 nm), and orange-red / red light (approximately 610 nm to 670 nm). In particular, the sixth example lenses transmit approximately 30% of violet / blue-violet light, up to approximately 55% of green / green-yellow light, and up to approximately 30-42% of orange-red / red light. In contrast, the sixth example lenses reduce blue-green light (approximately 500 nm to 510 nm), yellow-orange light (approximately 585 nm to 595 nm), and red light (approximately 700 nm)—which corresponds with the light-absorbing dyes added to the hard coating solution described above. The combination of the transmittance enhancement of some colors and the transmittance reduction of other colors facilitates the wearer’s perception of increased color contrast through the sixth example lenses.

[0097] In a seventh example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant, blue-light blocking, semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and then cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is formulated to have 0.05% of a narrowband blue-green-light-absorbing dye, 0.08% of a narrowband yellow-orange-light-absorbing dye, and 0.03% of a narrowband red-light-absorbing dye. This hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 17 °C and a lifting speed of 2.0 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes.

[0098] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 3.0 x 10-4 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, ZrO2, ITO, Al2O3, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -20-

[0099] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 130 nm, the first layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 30 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 25 nm, the second layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 50 nm, the first layer of ITO has a thickness of 8 nm, the first layer of Al2O3 has a thickness of 10 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 120 nm. The electron gun has a power of 40%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 10%, the anode voltage is 80 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 40 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 15 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.5 nm / s for SiO2, 0.7 nm / s for ZrO2, 0.1 nm / s for ITO, and 0.2 nm / s for Al2O3.

[0100] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.1 nm / s and has a thickness of 20 nm.

[0101] FIG. 9 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a seventh example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the seventh example of the contrast-enhancing lens enhances violet / blue-violet light (approximately 430 nm to 460 nm), green / green-yellow light (approximately 530 nm to 570 nm), and orange-red / red light (approximately 610 nm to 680 nm). In particular, the seventh example lenses transmit approximately 58% of violet / blue-violet light, approximately 61% of green / green-yellow light, and up to approximately 55-63% of orange-red / red light. In contrast, the seventh example lenses reduce blue-green light (approximately 500 nm to 510 nm), yellow-orange light (approximately 590 nm), and red light (approximately 695 nm to 710 nm)—which corresponds with the light-absorbing dyes added to the hard coating solution described above. As shown, the seventh example lenses prioritize mid-spectrum transmission over short-wavelength reflection.

[0102] In an eighth example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and then cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 18 °C and a lifting speed of 1.6 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes.

[0103] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 4.0 x 10-4 Pa. The vacuum CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -21- coating process can deposit one or more thin layers of material under vacuum on the surface of the lens. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, TiO2, SiO2, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0104] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 130 nm, the first layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 60 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 120 nm, the second layer of TiO2 has a thickness of 70 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 200 nm. The electron gun has a power of 36%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 12%, the anode voltage is 120 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 45 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 15 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.5 nm / s for SiO2 and 0.35 nm / s for TiO2.

[0105] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.25 nm / s and has a thickness of 20 nm.

[0106] FIG. 10 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by an eighth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the eighth example of the contrast-enhancing lens transmits at least ~92% of light with a wavelength between about 420 nm and about 560 nm, which corresponds to violet, blue, and green light. The eighth example lens also transmits at least 92% of light with a wavelength between about 710 nm and about 770 nm, which corresponds to red light. At the same time, the eighth example lens reduces the transmittance of light with a wavelength between about 560 nm and about 710 nm, which corresponds to yellow-orange light. The combination of the transmittance enhancement of some colors and the transmittance reduction of other colors facilitates the wearer’s perception of increased color contrast through the eighth example lenses.

[0107] In a ninth example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant, semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and tinted 60% grey before being cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 18 °C and a lifting speed of 1.8 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -22-

[0108] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 3.0 x 10-4 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, ZrO2, ITO, Al2O3, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0109] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 130 nm, the first layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 30 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 25 nm, the second layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 50 nm, the first layer of ITO has a thickness of 8 nm, the first layer of Al2O3 has a thickness of 10 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 120 nm. The electron gun has a power of 40%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 10%, the anode voltage is 80 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 40 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 15 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.5 nm / s for SiO2, 0.7 nm / s for ZrO2, 0.1 nm / s for ITO, and 0.2 nm / s for Al2O3.

[0110] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.1 nm / s and has a thickness of 20 nm.

[0111] FIG. 11 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a ninth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the ninth example of the contrast-enhancing lens transmits approximately 40% of light with a wavelength between about 410 nm and about 640 nm, which corresponds to violet, blue, green, yellow, and orange light. At the same time, the ninth example lens enhances the transmittance (up to about 88% transmission) of light with a wavelength between about 690 nm and about 770 nm, which corresponds to red light. The 60% gray tint of the resin lens is tailored for color balance, which helps produce the results illustrated in FIG. 11 and facilitates the wearer’s perception of increased color contrast through the ninth example lenses.

[0112] In a tenth example, a 1.61MR-8plus impact-resistant, blue-light blocking, semi-finished resin lens with a 1.61 refraction index is selected and processed into a prescription lens via surface grinding. The resin lens is wiped and tinted 60% grey before being cleaned and dried using ultrasound. Next, a hard coating solution is applied to both sides of the resin lens via dip coating at a temperature of 18 °C and a lifting speed of 1.8 mm / s. The dip-coated lens is then dried at 65 °C for 15 minutes and send to a curing oven to be cured at 115 °C for 180 minutes. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -23-

[0113] After the hard coating is formed in the curing oven, the lens is placed into a vacuum coating chamber with a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 3.0 x 10-4 Pa. As described above, Ar is used to bombard the hard coating with ion beams to activate the hard coating. Next, an electron gun is used to evaporate and deposit SiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, ZrO2, ITO, Al2O3, and SiO2 in sequence to form the anti-reflection coating.

[0114] The first layer of SiO2 is closest to the hard coating and has a thickness of 130 nm, the first layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 30 nm, the second layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 25 nm, the second layer of ZrO2 has a thickness of 50 nm, the first layer of ITO has a thickness of 8 nm, the first layer of Al2O3 has a thickness of 10 nm, and the third layer of SiO2 has a thickness of 120 nm. The electron gun has a power of 40%, the resistance heat radiation has a power of 10%, the anode voltage is 80 V, the anode current is 0.2 A, the O2 flow rate is 40 sccm, and the Ar flow rate is 15 sccm. The evaporation rate of the anti-reflection coating is 1.5 nm / s for SiO2, 0.7 nm / s for ZrO2, 0.1 nm / s for ITO, and 0.2 nm / s for Al2O3.

[0115] Finally, resistance thermal radiation is used to heat the anti-reflection coating and evaporate the hydrophobic coating onto the lens. The hydrophobic coating is applied with an evaporation rate of 0.1 nm / s and has a thickness of 20 nm.

[0116] FIG. 12 illustrates the spectrum of radiation that is transmitted by a tenth example of the contrast-enhancing eyeglass lens, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the tenth example of the contrast-enhancing lens transmits at least ~92% of light with a wavelength between about 425 nm and about 770 nm, which corresponds to blue, green, yellow, orange, and red light. Illustration of Subject Technology as Clauses

[0117] Various examples of aspects of the disclosure are described as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.) for convenience. These are provided as examples, and do not limit the subject technology. Identifications of the figures and reference numbers are provided below merely as examples and for illustrative purposes, and the clauses are not limited by those identifications.

[0118] Clauses 1–3. In some embodiments (Clause 1), a lens that enhances contrast comprises: a resin lens comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a tinting layer disposed on at least one of the first surface or the second surface; a hard coating disposed on each tinting layer; an anti‑reflection coating disposed on each hard coating, wherein CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -24- the anti‑reflection coating is a layered structure comprising at least two of: a SiO2 layer having a thickness between about 10 nm and about 230 nm; a ZrO2 layer having a thickness between about 20 nm and about 90 nm; a TiO2 layer having a thickness between about 10 nm and about 210 nm; an ITO layer having a thickness between about 2 nm and about 20 nm; or an Al2O3 layer having a thickness between about 5 nm and about 25 nm; and a hydrophobic coating disposed on each anti‑reflection coating. In some embodiments (Clause 2), a lens that enhances contrast comprises: a double‑sided resin lens; a tinting layer disposed on at least one side of the double‑sided resin lens; a hard coating disposed on each tinting layer; an anti‑reflection coating disposed on each hard coating and comprising a layered structure comprising at least two of SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, ITO, and Al2O3; or a hydrophobic coating disposed on each anti‑reflection coating. In some embodiments (Clause 3), an anti‑reflection coating for a lens that enhances contrast comprises a layered structure having at least two of SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, ITO, or Al2O3.

[0119] Clauses 4–13. In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 3, the lens comprises a blue‑light blocking region configured to block at least 40% of light with a wavelength between about 390 nm and about 430 nm (Clause 4); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 4, the blue‑light blocking region is configured to block at least 40% of light with a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 420 nm (Clause 5). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 5, the lens comprises a first transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of light with a wavelength between about 480 nm and about 520 nm (Clause 6); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 6, the first transmittance reduction region is configured to transmit up to about 50% of light with a wavelength between about 490 nm and about 510 nm (Clause 7). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 7, the lens comprises a second transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of light with a wavelength between about 570 nm and about 610 nm (Clause 8); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 8, the second transmittance reduction region is configured to transmit up to about 50% of light with a wavelength between about 580 nm and about 600 nm (Clause 9). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 9, the lens comprises a third transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 60% of light with a wavelength between about 670 nm and about 710 nm (Clause 10); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 10, the third transmittance reduction region is configured to transmit up to about 60% of light with a wavelength between about 680 nm and about 700 nm (Clause 11). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 11, the lens comprises a chromaticity enhancement region CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -25- comprising: a first transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 420 nm and about 470 nm; a second transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 530 nm and about 580 nm; and a third transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 600 nm and about 650 nm, wherein at least one of the first, second, or third transmittance enhancement regions is configured to transmit between about 10% to 80% of its corresponding light (Clause 12); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 12, the chromaticity enhancement region comprises: a first transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 430 nm and about 460 nm; a second transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 540 nm and about 570 nm; and a third transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 610 nm and about 640 nm, wherein at least one of the first, second, or third transmittance enhancement regions is configured to transmit between about 10% to 80% of its corresponding light (Clause 13).

[0120] Clauses 14–27. In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 13, the resin lens comprises an impact‑resistant resin lens (Clause 14). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 14, the resin lens comprises a refraction index between about 1.49 and about 1.74 (Clause 15); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 15, the resin lens comprises a refraction index of about 1.61 (Clause 16). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 16, the resin lens comprises a 1.61MR‑8plus lens (Clause 17); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 17, the resin lens comprises a 1.61MR‑8plus blue‑light blocking lens (Clause 18); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 18, the resin lens comprises a MR‑8plus impact‑resistant resin lens configured to selectively absorb light with a wavelength of about 420 nm or less (Clause 19); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 19, the resin lens comprises a MR‑8plus impact‑resistant, blue‑light blocking resin lens configured to selectively absorb light with a wavelength of about 420 nm or less (Clause 20). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 20, the resin lens comprises a MR‑8plus, impact‑resistant, semi‑finished lens (Clause 21); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 21, the resin lens comprises a MR‑8plus, impact‑resistant, uncoated lens (Clause 22); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 22, the resin lens comprises a MR‑8plus impact‑resistant, blue‑light blocking, semi‑finished lens (Clause 23); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 23, the resin lens comprises a MR‑8plus impact‑resistant, blue‑light blocking, uncoated lens (Clause 24). In embodiments of any of Clauses CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -26- 1 to 24, the resin lens comprises a photochromic functional lens (Clause 25); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 25, the resin lens comprises a polarizing functional lens (Clause 26); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 26, the resin lens comprises a clear lens (Clause 27).

[0121] Clauses 28–31. In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 27, the tinting layer is configured to selectively absorb light with a wavelength between about 370 nm and about 790 nm (Clause 28); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 28, the tinting layer is configured to selectively absorb light with a wavelength between about 380 nm and about 780 nm (Clause 29). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 29, each hard coating comprises a thickness between about 0.1 μm and about 12 μm (Clause 30); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 30, each hard coating comprises a thickness between about 0.5 μm and about 10 μm (Clause 31).

[0122] Clauses 32–40. In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 31, the hard coating comprises an absorber comprising organic dye and configured to selectively absorb blue‑green light (Clause 32); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 32, the hard coating comprises an absorber comprising organic dye and configured to selectively absorb orange‑yellow light (Clause 33); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 33, the hard coating comprises an absorber comprising organic dye and configured to selectively absorb red light (Clause 34). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 34, the hard coating comprises about 0.05% of a blue‑green light absorber, about 0.08% of a yellow‑orange light absorber, and about 0.03% of a red light absorber (Clause 35); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 35, the hard coating comprises about 0.05% of a blue‑green light absorber, about 0.08% of a yellow‑orange light absorber, and about 0.05% of a red‑light absorber (Clause 36); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 36, the hard coating comprises about 0.06% of a blue‑green light absorber, about 0.08% of a yellow‑orange light absorber, and about 0.03% of a red‑light absorber (Clause 37); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 37, the hard coating comprises about 0.10% of a blue‑green light absorber, about 0.16% of a yellow‑orange light absorber, and about 0.08% of a red‑light absorber (Clause 38); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 38, the hard coating comprises about 0.08% of a blue‑green light absorber, about 0.15% of a yellow‑orange light absorber, and about 0.06% of a red‑light absorber (Clause 39); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 39, the hard coating comprises about 0.09% of a blue‑green light absorber, about 0.08% of a yellow‑orange light absorber, and about 0.08% of a red‑light absorber (Clause 40). CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -27-

[0123] Clauses 41–49. In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 40, the hard coating comprises an absorber configured to selectively absorb light with a wavelength between about 470 nm and about 510 nm (Clause 41); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 41, between about 480 nm and about 500 nm (Clause 42); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 42, between about 570 nm and about 600 nm (Clause 43); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 43, between about 580 nm and about 590 nm (Clause 44); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 44, between about 670 nm and about 710 nm (Clause 45); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 45, between about 680 nm and about 700 nm (Clause 46). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 46, the hard coating comprises an absorber configured to selectively enhance blue light (Clause 47); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 47, the hard coating comprises an absorber configured to selectively enhance green light (Clause 48); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 48, the hard coating comprises an absorber configured to selectively enhance red‑light (Clause 49).

[0124] Clauses 50–56. In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 49, the anti‑reflection coating is configured to selectively reflect green light (Clause 50); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 50, selectively reflect red‑light (Clause 51); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 51, selectively reflect yellow light (Clause 52); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 52, selectively reflect purple light (Clause 53); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 53, selectively reflect high‑energy blue light (Clause 54). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 54, the anti‑reflection coating is configured to selectively reflect light with a wavelength between about 370 nm and about 790 nm (Clause 55); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 55, between about 380 nm and about 780 nm (Clause 56).

[0125] Clauses 57–62. In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 56, the layered structure comprises at least two of: a SiO2 layer having a thickness between about 20 nm and about 200 nm; a ZrO2 layer having a thickness between about 30 nm and about 80 nm; a TiO2 layer having a thickness between about 20 nm and about 180 nm; an ITO layer having a thickness between about 5 nm and about 15 nm; or an Al2O3 layer having a thickness between about 8 nm and about 20 nm (Clause 57). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 57, the layered structure comprises: a first SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 130 nm; a first ZrO2 layer having a thickness of about 30 nm; a second SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 25 nm; a second ZrO2 layer having a thickness of about 50 nm; a first ITO layer having a thickness of about 8 nm; a first Al2O3 layer having a thickness of about 10 nm; and a third SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 120 nm CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -28- (Clause 58). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 58, the layered structure comprises: a first SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 130 nm; a first TiO2 layer having a thickness of about 60 nm; a second SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 120 nm; a second TiO2 layer having a thickness of about 70 nm; and a third SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 200 nm (Clause 59). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 59, the layered structure comprises: a first SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 80 nm; a first TiO2 layer having a thickness of about 35 nm; a second SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 40 nm; a second TiO2 layer having a thickness of about 22 nm; and a third SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 100 nm (Clause 60). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 60, the layered structure comprises: a first SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 45 nm; a first TiO2 layer having a thickness of about 100 nm; a second SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 120 nm; a second TiO2 layer having a thickness of about 80 nm; and a third SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 70 nm (Clause 61). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 61, the layered structure comprises: a first SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 160 nm; a first TiO2 layer having a thickness of about 100 nm; a second SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 35 nm; a second TiO2 layer having a thickness of about 150 nm; and a third SiO2 layer having a thickness of about 70 nm (Clause 62).

[0126] Clauses 63–70. In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 62, the hydrophobic coating is configured to resist dirt (Clause 63); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 63, the hydrophobic coating is configured to resist oil (Clause 64). In embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 64, the hydrophobic coating comprises a thickness between about 5 nm and about 55 nm (Clause 65); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 65, between about 10 nm and about 50 nm (Clause 66); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 66, between about 10 nm and about 30 nm (Clause 67); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 67, about 20 nm (Clause 68); in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 68, about 25 nm (Clause 69); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 1 to 69, about 30 nm (Clause 70).

[0127] Clauses 71–74. In some embodiments (Clause 71), a method for manufacturing a contrast‑enhancing lens comprises: providing a resin lens, the resin lens comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; staining at least one of the first surface or the second surface with a tinting layer; applying a hard coating to each tinting layer; depositing an anti‑reflection coating on each hard coating, wherein the anti‑reflection coating is a layered structure comprising at least two of SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, ITO, or Al2O3; and depositing a CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -29- hydrophobic coating on each anti‑reflection coating. In some embodiments (Clause 72), a method comprises: providing a resin lens comprising first and second surfaces; processing the resin lens to have a correction value; wiping the resin lens; staining at least one of the first surface or the second surface with a tinting layer; wiping each tinting layer; cleaning the resin lens and each tinting layer using ultrasonic waves; drying the resin lens and each tinting layer; applying a hard coating to each tinting layer; placing the resin lens in a vacuum coating chamber; vacuum coating each hard coating with an anti‑reflection coating by bombarding each hard coating with Ar to activate each hard coating and depositing the anti‑reflection coating on each hard coating with an electron gun, wherein the anti‑reflection coating is a layered structure comprising at least two of SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, ITO, or Al2O3; and thermal evaporating a hydrophobic coating on each anti‑reflection coating. In some embodiments (Clause 73), a method comprises: providing a resin lens comprising first and second surfaces; wiping the resin lens; staining at least one of the first surface or the second surface with a tinting layer; wiping each tinting layer; cleaning the resin lens and each tinting layer using ultrasonic waves; drying the resin lens and each tinting layer; applying a hard coating to each tinting layer; placing the resin lens in a vacuum coating chamber; vacuum coating each hard coating with an anti‑reflection coating by bombarding each hard coating with Ar to activate each hard coating and depositing the anti‑reflection coating on each hard coating with an electron gun, wherein the anti‑reflection coating is a layered structure comprising at least two of SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, ITO, or Al2O3; and thermal evaporating a hydrophobic coating on each anti‑reflection coating. In some embodiments (Clause 74), a method comprises: providing a resin lens comprising first and second surfaces; processing the resin lens to have a correction value; staining at least one of the first surface or the second surface with a tinting layer; applying a hard coating to each tinting layer; placing the resin lens in a vacuum coating chamber; vacuum coating each hard coating with an anti‑reflection coating by bombarding each hard coating with Ar to activate each hard coating, depositing a vacuum coating on each hard coating with an electron gun, wherein the anti‑reflection coating is a layered structure comprising at least two of: a SiO2 layer having a thickness between about 10 nm and about 230 nm, a ZrO2 layer having a thickness between about 20 nm and about 90 nm, a TiO2 layer having a thickness between about 10 nm and about 210 nm, an ITO layer having a thickness between about 2 nm and about 20 nm, or an Al2O3 layer having a thickness between about 5 nm and about 25 nm; and thermal evaporating a hydrophobic coating on each anti‑reflection coating. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -30-

[0128] Clauses 75–82. In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 74, staining at least one of the first surface or the second surface with a tinting layer comprises staining at least one of the first surface or the second surface with a tinting depth between about 5% and about 85% (Clause 75); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 75, staining with a tinting depth between about 10% and about 80% (Clause 76). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 76, staining comprises staining at least one of the first surface or the second surface 60% grey (Clause 77). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 77, staining comprises staining the resin lens with a color powder (Clause 78); in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 78, staining comprises staining with a grey color powder (Clause 79); in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 79, staining comprises staining with a teal color powder (Clause 80); in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 80, staining comprises staining with a green color powder (Clause 81); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 81, staining comprises staining with a blue color powder (Clause 82).

[0129] Clauses 83–91. In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 82, applying the hard coating to each tinting layer comprises dip coating the resin lens and each tinting layer (Clause 83); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 83, applying the hard coating comprises spin‑coating the resin lens and each tinting layer (Clause 84). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 84, dip coating comprises dip coating at a temperature of about 16 °C and at a lifting speed of about 1.5 mm / s (Clause 85); in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 85, at about 16 °C and about 1.9 mm / s (Clause 86); in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 86, at about 16 °C and about 2.0 mm / s (Clause 87); in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 87, at about 17 °C and about 2.0 mm / s (Clause 88); in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 88, at about 18 °C and about 1.6 mm / s (Clause 89); and in embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 89, at about 18 °C and about 1.8 mm / s (Clause 90). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 90, applying the hard coating comprises depositing a hard coating solution on each tinting layer, wherein the hard coating solution comprises between about 0.01% to 5% of an absorber and is filtered through a cartridge with a thickness between about 1 μm and about 10 μm (Clause 91).

[0130] Clauses 92–120. In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 91, placing the resin lens and each tinting layer in the vacuum coating chamber comprises using a chamber temperature between about 30 °C and about 50 °C (Clause 92), between about 35 °C and about 45 °C (Clause 93), and / or about 40 °C (Clause 94). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 94, placing the resin lens and each tinting layer in the vacuum coating chamber comprises using a chamber pressure CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -31- between about 4.0 × 10‑2 Pa and about 2.0 × 10‑6 Pa (Clause 95), between about 4.0 × 10‑3 Pa and about 2.0 × 10‑5 Pa (Clause 96), and / or about 3.0 × 10‑4 Pa (Clause 97), about 4.0 × 10‑4 Pa (Clause 98), about 5.0 × 10‑4 Pa (Clause 99), and / or about 9.0 × 10‑3 Pa (Clause 100). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 100, placing the resin lens and each tinting layer in the vacuum coating chamber comprises using an anode voltage between about 50 V and about 150 V (Clause 101), between about 60 V and about 140 V (Clause 102), and / or about 80 V (Clause 103), about 90 V (Clause 104), about 100 V (Clause 105), and / or about 120 V (Clause 106); and comprises using an anode current between about 0.05 A and about 0.5 A (Clause 107), between about 0.1 A and about 0.3 A (Clause 108), and / or about 0.2 A (Clause 109) and / or about 0.3 A (Clause 110). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 110, placing the resin lens and each tinting layer in the vacuum coating chamber comprises using an O2 flow rate between about 3 sccm and about 60 sccm (Clause 111), between about 1 sccm and about 50 sccm (Clause 112), and / or about 40 sccm (Clause 113) and / or about 45 sccm (Clause 114); and comprises using an Ar flow rate between about 5 sccm and about 25 sccm (Clause 115), between about 8 sccm and about 20 sccm (Clause 116), and / or about 10 sccm (Clause 117), about 11 sccm (Clause 118), about 12 sccm (Clause 119), and / or about 15 sccm (Clause 120).

[0131] Clauses 121–146. In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 120, depositing SiO2 comprises depositing SiO2 at an evaporation rate between about 0.3 nm / s and about 2.8 nm / s (Clause 121), between about 0.5 nm / s and about 2.0 nm / s (Clause 122), and / or about 1.2 nm / s (Clause 123), about 1.3 nm / s (Clause 124), and / or about 1.5 nm / s (Clause 125). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 125, depositing ZrO2 comprises depositing ZrO2 at an evaporation rate between about 0.3 nm / s and about 1.8 nm / s (Clause 126), between about 0.5 nm / s and about 1.0 nm / s (Clause 127), and / or about 0.7 nm / s (Clause 128). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 128, depositing TiO2 comprises depositing TiO2 at an evaporation rate between about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.5 nm / s (Clause 129), between about 0.1 nm / s and about 0.4 nm / s (Clause 130), and / or about 0.3 nm / s (Clause 131) and / or about 0.35 nm / s (Clause 132). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 132, depositing Al2O3 comprises depositing Al2O3 at an evaporation rate between about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.5 nm / s (Clause 133), between about 0.1 nm / s and about 0.3 nm / s (Clause 134), and / or about 0.18 nm / s (Clause 135) and / or about 0.2 nm / s (Clause 136). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 136, depositing ITO comprises depositing ITO at an evaporation rate between about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.4 nm / s (Clause 137), between about 0.1 CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -32- nm / s and about 0.2 nm / s (Clause 138), and / or about 0.1 nm / s (Clause 139) and / or about 0.15 nm / s (Clause 140). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 140, using the electron gun comprises using an electron gun with a power between about 3% and about 55% (Clause 141), between about 5% and about 50% (Clause 142), and / or about 36% (Clause 143), about 37% (Clause 144), about 38% (Clause 145), and / or about 40% (Clause 146).

[0132] Clauses 147–157. In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 146, thermal evaporating the hydrophobic coating on each anti‑reflection coating comprises depositing the hydrophobic coating at an evaporation rate between about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.8 nm / s (Clause 147), between about 0.1 nm / s and about 0.5 nm / s (Clause 148), and / or about 0.1 nm / s (Clause 149), about 0.15 nm / s (Clause 150), about 0.2 nm / s (Clause 151), and / or about 0.25 nm / s (Clause 152). In embodiments of any of Clauses 71 to 152, thermal evaporating the hydrophobic coating comprises plating the hydrophobic coating on each anti‑reflection coating using resistive thermal radiation heating having a power between about 3% and about 20% (Clause 153), between about 6% and about 15% (Clause 154), and / or about 10% (Clause 155), about 11% (Clause 156), and / or about 12% (Clause 157). Further Considerations

[0133] In some embodiments, any of the clauses herein may depend from any one of the independent clauses or any one of the dependent clauses. In one aspect, any of the clauses (e.g., dependent or independent clauses) may be combined with any other one or more clauses (e.g., dependent or independent clauses). In one aspect, a claim may include some or all of the words (e.g., steps, operations, means or components) recited in a clause, a sentence, a phrase or a paragraph. In one aspect, a claim may include some or all of the words recited in one or more clauses, sentences, phrases or paragraphs. In one aspect, some of the words in each of the clauses, sentences, phrases or paragraphs may be removed. In one aspect, additional words or elements may be added to a clause, a sentence, a phrase or a paragraph. In one aspect, the subject technology may be implemented without utilizing some of the components, elements, functions or operations described herein. In one aspect, the subject technology may be implemented utilizing additional components, elements, functions or operations.

[0134] The foregoing description is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the various configurations described herein. While the subject technology has been CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -33- particularly described with reference to the various figures and configurations, it should be understood that these are for illustration purposes only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the subject technology.

[0135] There may be many other ways to implement the subject technology. Various functions and elements described herein may be partitioned differently from those shown without departing from the scope of the subject technology. Various modifications to these configurations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein may be applied to other configurations. Thus, many changes and modifications may be made to the subject technology, by one having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the subject technology.

[0136] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps may be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0137] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” preceding a series of items, with the term “and” or “or” to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list (i.e., each item). The phrase “at least one of” does not require selection of at least one of each item listed; rather, the phrase allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and / or at least one of any combination of the items, and / or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrases “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” each refer to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and / or at least one of each of A, B, and C.

[0138] Terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “rear” and the like as used in this disclosure should be understood as referring to an arbitrary frame of reference, rather than to the ordinary gravitational frame of reference. Thus, a top surface, a bottom surface, a front surface, and a rear surface may extend upwardly, downwardly, diagonally, or horizontally in a gravitational frame of reference. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -34-

[0139] Furthermore, to the extent that the term “include,” “have,” or the like is used in the description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise” as “comprise” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.

[0140] As used herein, the term “about” is relative to the actual value stated, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, and allows for approximations, inaccuracies and limits of measurement under the relevant circumstances. In one or more aspects, the terms “about,” “substantially,” and “approximately” may provide an industry-accepted tolerance for their corresponding terms and / or relativity between items, such as a tolerance of from less than one percent to 10 percent of the actual value stated, and other suitable tolerances.

[0141] As used herein, the term “comprising” indicates the presence of the specified integer(s), but allows for the possibility of other integers, unspecified. This term does not imply any particular proportion of the specified integers. Variations of the word “comprising,” such as “comprise” and “comprises,” have correspondingly similar meanings.

[0142] The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0143] A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more.” Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. The term “some” refers to one or more. Underlined and / or italicized headings and subheadings are used for convenience only, do not limit the subject technology, and are not referred to in connection with the interpretation of the description of the subject technology. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various configurations described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the subject technology. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the above description.

[0144] Although the detailed description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the subject technology but merely as illustrating different examples and aspects of the subject technology. It should be appreciated that the scope of the subject technology includes other embodiments not discussed in detail above. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -35-

[0145] Various other modifications, changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the method and apparatus of the subject technology disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, it is not necessary for a device or method to address every problem that is solvable (or possess every advantage that is achievable) by different embodiments of the disclosure in order to be encompassed within the scope of the disclosure. The use herein of “can” and derivatives thereof shall be understood in the sense of “possibly” or “optionally” as opposed to an affirmative capability. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11

Claims

-36- WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A contrast-enhancing optical lens comprising: a resin lens substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a coating stack disposed on at least one of the first surface or the second surface, the coating stack comprising, in order away from the resin lens substrate: a tinting layer; a hard coating disposed on the tinting layer; an anti-reflection coating disposed on the hard coating, the anti-reflection coating comprising a multilayer structure including at least two inorganic layers selected from SiO₂, ZrO₂, TiO₂, indium tin oxide (ITO), and Al₂O₃; and a hydrophobic coating disposed on the anti-reflection coating.

2. The optical lens of Claim 1, wherein the coating stack is disposed on each of the first surface and the second surface.

3. The optical lens of Claim 1, wherein the multilayer structure comprises at least one ITO layer.

4. The optical lens of Claim 3, wherein the multilayer structure further comprises at least one Al₂O₃ layer.

5. The optical lens of Claim 1, wherein the multilayer structure comprises at least two of: a SiO₂ layer having a thickness between about 10 nm and about 230 nm; a ZrO₂ layer having a thickness between about 20 nm and about 90 nm; a TiO₂ layer having a thickness between about 10 nm and about 210 nm; an ITO layer having a thickness between about 2 nm and about 20 nm; or an Al₂O₃ layer having a thickness between about 5 nm and about 25 nm.

6. The optical lens of Claim 4, wherein the multilayer structure comprises, in order away from the hard coating, a first SiO₂ layer, a first ZrO₂ layer, a second SiO₂ layer, a second ZrO₂ layer, an ITO layer, an Al₂O₃ layer, and a third SiO₂ layer.

7. The optical lens of Claim 6, wherein the first SiO₂ layer has a thickness of about 130 nm, the first ZrO₂ layer has a thickness of about 30 nm, the second SiO₂ layer has a thickness of about 25 nm, the second ZrO₂ layer has a thickness of about 50 nm, the ITO layer has a thickness CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -37- of about 8 nm, the Al₂O₃ layer has a thickness of about 10 nm, and the third SiO₂ layer has a thickness of about 120 nm.

8. The optical lens of Claim 1, wherein the hard coating comprises an absorber comprising an organic dye.

9. The optical lens of Claim 8, wherein the absorber comprises a blue‑green light absorber, a yellow‑orange light absorber, and a red‑light absorber, and wherein the hard coating comprises about 0.05 wt.% of the blue‑green light absorber, about 0.08 wt.% of the yellow‑orange light absorber, and about 0.03 wt.% of the red‑light absorber.

10. The optical lens of Claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic coating has a thickness between about 5 nm and about 55 nm.

11. An optical lens comprising: a resin lens substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a coating stack disposed on at least one of the first surface or the second surface, the coating stack comprising, in order away from the resin lens substrate, a tinting layer, a hard coating, an anti-reflection coating, and a hydrophobic coating, wherein the anti-reflection coating comprises a multilayer structure including at least two inorganic layers selected from SiO₂, ZrO₂, TiO₂, ITO, and Al₂O₃; a blue-light blocking region configured to block at least 40% of light having a wavelength between about 390 nm and about 430 nm; and at least two transmittance reduction regions selected from: a first transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of light having a wavelength between about 480 nm and about 520 nm; a second transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of light having a wavelength between about 570 nm and about 610 nm; and a third transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 60% of light having a wavelength between about 670 nm and about 710 nm.

12. The optical lens of Claim 11, wherein the blue-light blocking region is configured to block at least 40% of light having a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 420 nm.

13. The optical lens of Claim 11, wherein at least two transmittance reduction regions are selected from: CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -38- a first transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of light having a wavelength between about 490 nm and about 510 nm; a second transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 50% of light having a wavelength between about 580 nm and about 600 nm; and a third transmittance reduction region configured to transmit up to about 60% of light having a wavelength between about 680 nm and about 700 nm.

14. The optical lens of Claim 11, further comprising a chromaticity enhancement region comprising: a first transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 420 nm and about 470 nm; a second transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 530 nm and about 580 nm; and a third transmittance enhancement region corresponding to light with a wavelength between about 600 nm and about 650 nm, wherein at least one of the first, second, or third transmittance enhancement regions is configured to transmit between about 10% and about 80% of its corresponding light.

15. A method for manufacturing a contrast-enhancing optical lens, the method comprising: providing a resin lens substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; forming a tinting layer on at least one of the first surface or the second surface; forming a hard coating over the tinting layer; depositing an anti-reflection coating over the hard coating, the anti-reflection coating comprising a multilayer structure including at least two inorganic layers selected from SiO₂, ZrO₂, TiO₂, ITO, and Al₂O₃; and depositing a hydrophobic coating over the anti-reflection coating.

16. The method of Claim 15, wherein forming the tinting layer comprises staining the resin lens substrate to a tinting depth between about 5% and about 85%.

17. The method of Claim 15, wherein forming the hard coating comprises dip coating or spin coating the resin lens substrate. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11 -39- 18. The method of Claim 17, wherein dip coating is performed at a temperature between about 16 °C and about 18 °C and at a lifting speed between about 1.5 mm / s and about 2.0 mm / s.

19. The method of Claim 15, wherein depositing the anti-reflection coating comprises placing the resin lens substrate in a vacuum coating chamber having a temperature between about 30 °C and about 50 °C and a pressure between about 4.0×10⁻² Pa and about 2.0×10⁻⁶ Pa, bombarding the hard coating with Ar to activate the hard coating, and depositing the multilayer structure with an electron gun.

20. The method of Claim 15, wherein depositing the hydrophobic coating comprises thermal evaporation at an evaporation rate between about 0.05 nm / s and about 0.8 nm / s. CA 3304552 Date reçue / Received date 2026-03-11