Detection, monitoring, and management of biochemical changes of therapeutic fluids for infusion therapy

Abstract

Certain aspects of the disclosure provide systems and methods for detecting, monitoring, and managing biochemical changes of therapeutic fluids for infusion therapy. Systems and methods herein include an infusion system including an infusion pump, operable to output a fluid. The infusion system further determines a characteristic value associated with operation of the infusion pump. Further, one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump may be adjusted based on the characteristic value. The infusion system may further output an indication of a quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

Description

DETECTION, MONITORING, AND MANAGEMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF THERAPEUTIC FLUIDS FOR INFUSION THERAPYBACKGROUNDField

[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to the management of therapeutic fluids for infusion therapy.Description of Related Art

[0002] An infusion pump is a type of medical device configured to infuse therapeutic fluid, for example, into a patient, such as in a hospital or other medical care site. Generally, an infusion pump is programmed to pump fluid at a specific flow rate and up to a specific volume in order to administer a specific dose of a treatment. An infusion pump (e.g., a syringe pump or a large volume pump) may utilize force on the fluid, either directly or indirectly, to move the fluid to a desired destination, such as to infuse the fluid into a patient.

[0003] Therapeutic fluids for infusion may include blood-based products, blood product substitutes, medications, nutrients, volume expanders, etc. Such therapeutic fluids may undergo biomechanical changes, for example, due to storage time, handling, processing, etc. Biomechanical changes may result in reduced efficacy and pharmacological activity of the therapeutic fluid. For example, packed red blood cells (RBCs) may undergo storage lesion (degradation of components of RBCs), which have been associated with reduced efficacy or complications with transfusion.

[0004] Conventional methods for the management of therapeutic fluids to reduce biomechanical changes and maintain efficacy rely on compliance with storage, handling, and processing requirements. However, such methods may not account for and accommodate for changes a particular therapeutic fluid may undergo. Thus, in some instances, therapeutic fluids with reduced efficacy may nevertheless be used for an infusion.

[0005] Accordingly, there is a need for improved methods for monitoring, detecting, and managing therapeutic fluids for infusion by infusion pumps in order to enable accurate and effective infusion, thereby improving patient safety and outcomes.SUMMARY

[0006] Certain aspects provide a computer-implemented method for operating an infusion pump to output a fluid according to one or more operational parameters; while operating the infusion pump, determining a characteristic value associated with the infusion pump does not satisfy a threshold; adjusting the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump based on determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold; and outputting an indication of a quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

[0007] Other aspects provide processing systems configured to perform the aforementioned methods as well as those described herein; non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by a processors of a processing system, cause the processing system to perform the aforementioned methods as well as those described herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer readable storage medium comprising code for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those further described herein; and a processing system comprising means for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those further described herein.

[0008] The following description and the related drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of one or more aspects.DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The appended figures depict certain aspects and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 1 depicts an example syringe pump.

[0011] FIG. 2 depicts an example infusion pump system.

[0012] FIG. 3 depicts an example therapeutic fluid monitoring system to monitor and manage therapeutic fluids used in an infusion pump.

[0013] FIG. 4 depicts an example process flow for operating a medical device.

[0014] FIG. 5 depicts an example method flow for monitoring therapeutic fluids and adjusting operations of an infusion pump.

[0015] FIG. 6 depicts an example computing device for implementing various features and processes described herein.

[0016] To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the drawings. It is contemplated that elements and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for detection, monitoring, and management of biochemical changes of therapeutic fluids for infusion therapy.

[0018] An infusion pump is generally an electromechanical device for infusing therapeutic fluids into a patient in a controlled and precise manner. One example of an infusion pump is a syringe pump, an example of which is depicted in FIG. 1. Another example of an infusion pump is a large volume pump, an example of which is depicted in FIG. 2. In general operation, therapeutic fluid is loaded into an infusion pump, for example, in a syringe, bottle, bag, or other storage container, and the infusion pump is configured to pump, or infuse, the therapeutic fluid according to operational parameters of the pump, including, for example, flow rate, volume, and / or time to administer a specific dose of treatment.

[0019] Therapeutic fluids may include blood-based products, blood product substitutes, medications, nutrients, and / or volume expanders, among others. Even when following proper handling and storage processes, therapeutic fluids may undergo biomechanical changes. In some instances, these biomechanical changes may result in reduced efficacy and pharmacological activity of the therapeutic fluid. Some changes may be readily observable, for example, a color change. However, not all changes may be readily observed.

[0020] One example of a therapeutic fluid is packed red blood cells (RBCs) used for blood transfusion, in which packed RBCs are infused using an infusion pump to a patient. RBCs may be collected from a donor, processed, and stored, for example, at a blood bank, until used for a transfusion. RBCs generally may be stored for up to 42 days at 2 °C to 6 °C. Over time, RBCs may undergo biomechanical changes including depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), decreased 2,3 -diphosphoglycerate acid (2,3, DPG) levels, decreased pH, increased intracellular potassium (K+) release, reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels, oxidative damages to lipids and proteins, and changes to cellular membrane, volume, and deformability. Such changes may result inreduced ability to flow, increased vascular resistance, and reduced oxygen (O2) delivery to tissues. In some cases, such changes have been observed in RBCs stored for as little as 7 days.

[0021] Furthermore, differences in filterability, or the ability of the RBCs to flow, may appear at different flow rates. For example, RBCs may have reduced filterability (e.g., require more force or pressure to flow) at low flow rates, as compared to high flow rates. This reduced filterability may result in decreased ability to flow during an infusion and decreased circulation within a patient.

[0022] Generally, infusion pumps may overcome this reduced filterability by increasing the force or pressure in order to maintain the desired flow rate of the blood transfusion. However, the operator of the infusion pump remains unaware of any changes.

[0023] Thus, multiple technical problems are presented. A first technical problem is that therapeutic fluids may undergo biomechanical changes, even with proper handling and storage, which are not readily observable by an infusion pump operator, for example, a nurse, a clinician, a pharmacist, or a physician. A second technical problem is that such changes may affect infusion pump operations, but these changes are not detected or managed by the infusion pump. Ultimately, these technical problems may result in reduced efficacy of infusion therapy treatments and may affect patient safety.

[0024] Aspects described herein provide a technical solution to the aforementioned technical problems by presenting a therapeutic fluid management system for monitoring infusion pumps, automatically detecting changes to therapeutic fluid infused by infusion pumps, and adjusting the operation of infusion pumps based on changes to therapeutic fluid.

[0025] For example, as described in more detail below with respect to FIG. 4, an infusion pump detects biomechanical changes through characterization of the therapeutic fluid based on detected characteristic values associated with the operation of the infusion pump to infuse the therapeutic fluid.

[0026] In another example, as described below in more detail below with respect to FIG. 4, the infusion pump may further determine one or more adjustments to operations of the infusion pump to maintain and ensure efficacy of infusion treatment of the therapeutic fluid.

[0027] Aspects described herein provide many technical benefits as well as improve patient safety and effective treatment by detecting changes to therapeutic fluids for infusion, and adjusting infusion as needed to ensure effective and reliable infusion.Example Syringe Pump

[0028] FIG. 1 depicts an example syringe pump 102, which may implement the methods described herein. A pump may be an infusion device configured to deliver a therapeutic fluid (e.g., volume expanders, nutrients, drugs, blood products, etc.) to a patient’s circulatory system, or epidural space, for example, via an intravenous infusion, subcutaneous infusion, arterial infusion, etc., or a patient’s digestive system, for example, via a nasogastric tube (NG), a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG), nasojejunal tube (NJ), etc.

[0029] Syringe pump 102 includes a display 124 for displaying operational information, including the configured infusion (e.g., in terms of rate of infusion, volume infused, length of time of infusion, etc.), such as in a graphical user interface (GUI). A user may operate syringe pump 102 via one or more buttons 122, in this example. Note that other examples may include other arrangements, such as touch-screen interfaces, or interfaces operable by remote device, such as an application on a computing device.

[0030] Syringe 101 is shown next to syringe pump 102, rather than loaded in the pump, for clarity of illustration. Syringe pump 102 includes cradle 104 in which barrel 103 of syringe 101 rests when mounted in syringe pump 102. Cradle 104 has a barrel clamp 106 to securely hold barrel 103 in a fixed position in cradle 104 to resist axial and lateral movement. Barrel clamp 106 may pivot between an open position to permit the loading or removal of syringe 101 and a closed position over cradle 104. Barrel flange 105 of syringe 101 resides in a barrel flange groove 108 in syringe pump 102 to immobilize barrel 103 from axial movement during the movement of plunger 107 within barrel 103 of syringe 101.

[0031] Plunger 107 can include push-button 109 having an inner side 111 and being interconnected with stopper 113 of plunger 107 by piston 115. When mounted in syringe pump 102, push-button 109 can be held by driver head 110 with a plunger retainer comprising a pair of pivotally mounted claws, first retainer claw 112 and second retainer claw 114, shown in the closed position in FIG. 1. The retainer claws 112 and 114 can curve inwardly toward each other to grasp push-button 109 mounted in syringe pump 102.

[0032] A rotation knob 116 can be used to control the positions of the first and second retainer claws 112 and 114 to allow removal and insertion of push-button 109 and to release the split- nut from the driveshaft to permit axial positioning of the driver head 110. Syringes can be provided for use with a syringe pump with different quantities of fluid, and the plunger can be located atdifferent positions in relation to the barrel. A guide device 118 can extend from the driver head 110 to a point within the body of the syringe pump 102.

[0033] The driver head 110 can include a contact plate 126 that has a pushing surface that contacts the outside 117 of the push-button 109 as the driver head 110 moves forward toward the barrel 103, pushing the plunger 107 into the barrel 103 of the syringe to expel the syringe contents through a fluid administration set tubing 119 to a patient.

[0034] When contact plate 126 exerts force against the push-button 109, the force may be detected by force sensor 129 and transmitted to a processor for monitoring. Based on the syringe 101 loaded and according to one or more operational parameters, syringe pump 102 calculates the volume infused, time elapsed, volume remaining, and time remaining. As the driver head 110 continues to move, a flow rate is determined based on the velocity of the driver head 110.

[0035] Syringe pump 102 can include a control panel 120 providing multiple buttons 122 for control of the syringe pump 102 as well as display 124 used to present pump-specific information to the operator. The buttons 122 can allow the operator to program the syringe pump 102 for the flow rate, the volume to be infused, and other pump parameters. Display 124 can present the programmed flow rate, the amount of fluid remaining to be infused, as well as alarms and other information.Example Large Volume Infusion Pump System

[0036] FIG. 2 depicts an example infusion system 200, which may implement the methods described herein. Infusion system 200 may include one or more pumps, for example, pump 202, pump 204, pump 206, and pump 208 to output fluid to patient 248. Although a large volume pump is illustrated, other types of pumps may be implemented, such as a peristaltic pump, a small volume pump, a syringe pump, an anesthesia delivery pump, or a patient-controlled analgesic.

[0037] Each of the pumps 202, 204, 206, and 208, may be fluidly connected with an upstream line 212, upstream line 214, upstream line 216, and upstream line 218, respectively. Further, each of pump 202, pump 204, pump 206, and pump 208, may be fluidly connected with a downstream line 222, downstream line 224, downstream line 226, and downstream line 228, respectively. The fluid lines may be any type of fluid conduit, such as tubing, through which fluid can flow.

[0038] Each of the pumps 202, 204, 206, or 208, may include a pumping mechanism to flow the therapeutic fluid through the fluid lines. The pumping mechanism may include a multiplefinger type pumping mechanism, for example a four-finger type which includes an upstream occluding finger, a primary pumping figure, a downstream occluding finger, and a secondary pumping finger. This is just one example of a linear peristaltic pump, which operates by sequentially pressing on a segment of the fluid conduit by means of the cam-following pumping fingers and valve fingers. Pressure is applied in sequential locations (e.g., from an upstream location to a downstream location) to pump fluid. At least one finger remains pressing on the conduit to occlude it and does not retract until the next finger in sequence has occluded the sequential segment of the conduit.

[0039] Each of the pumps 202, 204, 206, or 208, may include one or more sensors, for example, a force sensor, a pressure sensor, an occlusion sensor, a linear encoder sensor, and the like, within, coupled to, or otherwise connected to the fluid conduit and / or the fluid lines. For example, one or more pressure sensors may be coupled to the fingers of the pumping mechanism. One or more pressure sensors may be coupled to an upstream line, or located upstream from the pumping mechanism. One or more pressure sensors may be coupled to a downstream line, or located downstream from the pumping mechanism.

[0040] Each of fluid supply 232, fluid supply 234, fluid supply 236, and fluid supply 238, may be a reservoir, for example, as the bottles shown inverted and suspended above the pumps. Fluid supplies may also take the form of bags, syringes, or other types of containers. The infusion system 200 may be mounted on a roller stand or intravenous pole 240.

[0041] Each of pump 202, pump 204, pump 206, and pump 208 may be further connected to a control panel 242 providing multiple buttons 244 for control of infusion system 200, as well as a display 246 used to present system information to the operator, such as in a GUI. The buttons 244 allow the operator to program one or more of pumps 202, pump 204, pump 206, and pump 208, for example, for the flow rate, volume to be infused, and other pump parameters. Display 246 can present the programmed flow rate, the amount of fluid remaining to be infused, as well as alarms and other information.

[0042] Infusion system 200 may further comprise check valves, drip chambers, valved ports, connectors, and other devices configured to administer a substance.Example Therapeutic Fluid Monitoring System

[0043] FIG. 3 depicts an example therapeutic fluid monitoring system 300 to monitor and manage therapeutic fluids used in an infusion pump 302.

[0044] In this example, infusion pump 302 may correspond to syringe pump 102 in FIG. 1, or infusion system 200 in FIG. 2. Infusion pump 302 is configured to measure characteristic values associated with an infusion. Characteristic values may include operational parameters, measured or detected parameters, and the like. For example, infusion pump 302 may measure the force used to push on a syringe, such as through a force sensor, or pressure to pump fluid, such as through a pressure sensor. As another example, infusion pump 302 may measure the viscosity of a fluid, such as through a viscometer. Infusion pump 302 then uses these measured characteristic values associated with the infusion to determine whether to proceed with the infusion and / or what parameters to use to operate infusion pump 302 to perform the infusion, such as described further with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5. Infusion pump 302 is further configured to characterize the therapeutic fluid based on the measured characteristic value. For example, as described further herein, the characterizations may include determining one or more of: an age of the fluid; degradation of the fluid; occlusion of the fluid; pharmacological activity of the fluid; efficacy of the fluid; and the like.

[0045] Further, infusion pump 302 is configured to adjust operation based on the characterization. Infusion pump 302 is also configured to display notifications associated with indications of the characterizations of the therapeutic fluid and / or an adjustment to operations, via, for example, display 124 in FIG. 1, or display 246 in FIG. 2. Infusion pump 302 may be further configured to receive a selection of an adjustment to operations, such as via buttons 122 in FIG. 1, or buttons 244 in FIG. 2.

[0046] Additionally, infusion pump 302 is configured to generate data related to the characterization and operations process, such as alerts based on the characterization, or one or more adjustments, such as described below with respect to FIG. 3.

[0047] Infusion pump 302 is further configured to transmit data related to the characterization and operations process to monitoring system 310. Infusion pump 302 may transmit this data as it is collected, such as in an instant report, or periodically, such as a daily or weekly report. Infusion pump 302 or monitoring system 310 may also include characterization metadata to put the characterization data in context, such as identification of the therapeutic fluid, and storage information associated with the therapeutic fluid including storage date, time, conditions, location, etc. Such metadata may be used by infusion pump 302 or monitoring system 310 in association with the characterization, as described below. In some embodiments, infusion pump 302 or monitoring system 310 may obtain characterization metadata from a database, or other recordsystems, such as an electronic medical record (EMR) 306, therapeutic fluid supplier 308, and the like. Therapeutic fluid supplier 308 may be a blood bank, a pharmacy, compounding pharmacy, manufacturer, etc.

[0048] Monitoring system 310 is configured to store the data, for example, received from infusion pump 302, EMR 306, therapeutic fluid supplier 308, or generated by monitoring system 310 based thereon in database 312.

[0049] Monitoring system 310 is further configured to transmit data (e.g., storage information, characterization information, etc.) to infusion pump 302. Infusion pump 302 may be frequently updated and learn to characterize therapeutic more reliably. Such data may include data associated with one or more therapeutic fluids, for example, associations with an age of the fluid; degradation of the fluid; occlusion of the fluid; pharmacological activity of the fluid; efficacy of the fluid; and the like, with measured characteristics. For example, such data may include updates to the data, for example, based on manufacturer characterizations, lab-based characterizations, changes to industry standards, etc.

[0050] Network 304 is generally representative of any number and type of data network that allows data exchange between infusion pump 302, EMR 306, monitoring system 310, and / or therapeutic fluid supplier 308.

[0051] Although only one infusion pump is depicted in FIG. 3, an infusion pump monitoring system may exchange data as described above with any number of infusion pumps 302. Indeed, as more infusion pumps 302 provide data to monitoring system 310, the power of the analytics performed by monitoring system may grow.Example Process Flow for Monitoring Therapeutic Fluids and Adjusting Operations of an Infusion Pump

[0052] FIG. 4 depicts an example process flow 400 for operating a medical device, for example, syringe pump 102 in FIG. 1, infusion system 200 in FIG. 2, or infusion pump 302 in FIG. 3. Note, in this example, the therapeutic fluid is generally described as packed RBCs, a blood-based product. However, this is just one example of a therapeutic fluid to be infused, and other therapeutic fluids are contemplated, consistent with this disclosure.

[0053] In embodiments, process flow 400 begins at step 402 with optionally receiving an infusion order. An infusion order may include treatment or operational parameters, for example, a type of therapeutic fluid, a volume of therapeutic fluid, a flow rate of therapeutic fluid, etc., tobe infused with an infusion pump. In some embodiments, an infusion order may be received from a remote source, for example, an EMR, a hospital or pharmacy order, etc., for example, through network 304 in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, an infusion order may be entered manually, for example, by an operator operating the infusion pump, such as through buttons 122 on syringe pump 102 in FIG. 1, or buttons 244 on control panel 242 in FIG. 2.

[0054] Process flow 400 may then proceed to step 404 with operating the infusion pump, for example, based on the infusion order. In embodiments, where the infusion pump is a syringe pump, such as syringe pump 102 in FIG. 1, driver head 110 may include a contact plate that pushes the outer side of the push-button as the driver head advances towards the barrel pushing the plunger into the barrel of the syringe expelling the syringe contents. The movement of driver head 110 may be controlled to expel fluid at a desired flow rate and according to other operational parameters.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as where the infusion pump is a large volume pump (LVP), such as pump 206 in FIG. 2, the pump may be a peristaltic pump. The pump may move fluid from fluid supply 236 down through upstream line 216 through pump 206 to downstream line 226. The pump may include a pressure sensor to measure fluid pressure, for example, the pressure in the fluid conduit of the pumping mechanism. The movement of the pumping mechanism may be controlled to move fluid through the lines at a desired flow rate and according to other operational parameters.

[0056] Process flow 400 may then proceed to step 406 with detecting a characteristic value associated with the operation of the infusion pump. A characteristic value may be an operational parameter of the infusion pump. A characteristic value may be measured by a sensor, for example, a force sensor, a pressure sensor, an occlusion sensor, a linear encoder sensor, a viscometer, and the like.

[0057] For example, the characteristic value may be the force required to expel the fluid at a specified flow rate. In some embodiments, such as where the infusion pump is a syringe pump, such as syringe pump 102 in FIG. 1, the contact plate may be connected to a force sensor, whereby when the contact plate exerts force against the push-button to push the push-button and moves the plunger into the barrel of the syringe to expel the fluid, the force sensor may detect the exerted force. The force sensor may output a force signal. In embodiments, the force may be indirectly detected, for example, by the power of the motor driving the driver head, an acceleration of the driver head, etc.

[0058] In another example, a characteristic value may be based on the pressure required to expel the fluid at a specified flow rate. One or more pressure sensors, for example, coupled to the pumping mechanism, may determine pressure within the pump to move fluid from an upstream line to a downstream line. One or more pressure sensors may detect the pressure, including pressure differential, to expel the fluid. The pressure sensor(s) may output a pressure signal. In embodiments, the pressure may be indirectly detected, for example, by the power of a motor driving the pumping mechanism, vacuum pressure created within the pump, etc.

[0059] Process flow 400 may then proceed to step 408 with determining whether the characteristic value satisfies a threshold. In some embodiments, the characteristic value may satisfy a threshold when the characteristic value is greater than a threshold value. In some embodiments, the characteristic value may satisfy a threshold when the characteristic value is less than a threshold value. In some embodiments, the characteristic value may satisfy a threshold when the characteristic value is within a threshold range.

[0060] The threshold may be associated with an acceptable efficacy level, a safety threshold, a level of degradation, etc. for a therapeutic fluid. A threshold may be established based on lab characterizations, for example, one or more characteristic values associated with a lab characterization of an infusion of a therapeutic fluid with an infusion pump. A threshold may be established based on hospital or medical center standards. A threshold may be established based on publications or industry standards. In some embodiments, a threshold may be associated with an allowable deviation of the characteristic value, for example, force or pressure during an infusion.

[0061] In one example, a threshold may be associated with a level of storage lesion for RBCs. As described above, RBCs may be the therapeutic fluid for infusion. Stored RBCs may undergo biomechanical changes resulting in storage lesion and less deformability. The RBCs have increased stiffness and reduced flow. The force (or pressure) necessary to flow RBCs with storage lesion may be increased, as compared to fresh RBCs. A threshold, for example, may be based on the force to infuse fresh RBCs (e.g., RBCs without storage lesion). The detected force may satisfy the threshold where it is below, or within, an allowable deviation of the force to infuse fresh RBCs.

[0062] Furthermore, a threshold may be associated with the flow rate of the infusion. As described above, RBCs infused at a low flow rate may have reduced filterability as compared to the same RBCs infused at a high flow rate. Therefore, a threshold may be dependent upon the infusion flow rate.

[0063] If the characteristic value is determined to satisfy the threshold, then process flow 400 proceeds to step 410 with proceeding to operate the infusion pump to infuse the therapeutic fluid.

[0064] If the characteristic value is determined to not satisfy the threshold, then process flow 400 proceeds to step 412 with characterizing the therapeutic fluid based on the determined characteristic value. Characterization of the therapeutic fluid may include determining one or more qualities of the therapeutic fluid including an age of the fluid; degradation of the fluid; occlusion of the fluid; pharmacological activity of the fluid; efficacy of the fluid; and the like.

[0065] For example, where the therapeutic fluid is a drug, the therapeutic fluid may be characterized to determine qualities of the fluid such as pharmacological activity, toxicity, or efficacy of the therapeutic fluid based on the characteristic value (e.g., force or pressure) detected at step 406.

[0066] In another example, a therapeutic fluid containing RBCs may be characterized based on the characteristic value detected at step 406. Such characterization may include determining qualities such as a storage time, an amount of storage lesion, an amount of O2 delivery, and the like. In particular, storage time may be associated with a level or amount of force to infuse RBCs at a particular flow rate. For example, RBCs stored for four weeks may be associated with a friction force of 22 N at a flow rate of 1500 uL per minute. Additionally, an amount of storage lesion may be associated with a level or amount of force to infuse RBCs at a given flow rate. As blood is stored, the amount of lesion may increase. The amount of lesion can be estimated based on the force needed at a given flow rate. For example, when attempting to infuse RBCs stored for five weeks, the force may be 25 or 30 N at a flow rate of 1500 uL per minute. Furthermore, an amount of O2 delivered (e.g., oxygen affinity for a unit of RBCs), for example, an estimate of oxygen delivery at tissue, may be based on storage time which can, as discussed, be estimated using storage lesion amount. Thus, the described features can use the force as a basis to estimate storage lesion which in turn can provide a measure of the amount of oxygen delivered.

[0067] In some embodiments, a statistical analysis may be used to characterize a therapeutic fluid at step 412. For example, a transfer function, regression, polynomial regression, and / or the like, may be used to determine a quality of the fluid, such as one or more of: an age of the fluid; degradation of the fluid; occlusion of the fluid; pharmacological activity of the fluid; efficacy of the fluid; and / or the like, of the therapeutic fluid based on the detected characteristic value.

[0068] In some embodiments, a machine learning model may be trained to process the detected characteristic values at step 406 and determine one or more qualities of the therapeutic fluid including: an age of the fluid; degradation of the fluid; occlusion of the fluid; pharmacological activity of the fluid; efficacy of the fluid; and / or the like. For example, a model may process the detected force to infuse RBCs at step 406 and determine a storage time, an amount of storage lesion, or an amount of O2 delivery. In alternative embodiments, a supervised machine learning model may be used for feature analysis, such as a Bayesian Ridge Regression. In alternative embodiments, an unsupervised machine learning model may be used for classification.

[0069] In some embodiments, an infusion pump may obtain additional data from a database, for example, from an EMR, a hospital or pharmacy order, a hospital or pharmacy notation, a blood bank record, etc., such as through network 304 in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, an infusion pump may obtain additional data based on an identifier or other marking disposed on the therapeutic fluid container. For example, an infusion pump may have an optical or wireless reader configured to detect an identifier on the therapeutic fluid container, such as a barcode, a QR code, RFID tag, etc. Such additional data may include a storage time, a collection data, a compound date, storage conditions, other handling data, and the like.

[0070] In some embodiments, process flow 400 optionally further includes comparing the characterization at step 412 with the obtained additional data. For example, a determined storage time may be compared to an obtained storage time (e.g., from a database or scanning the fluid container). A mismatch may indicate a change in one or more of: an age of the fluid; degradation of the fluid; occlusion of the fluid; pharmacological activity of the fluid; efficacy of the fluid; and / or the like. For example, a determined storage time greater than the obtained storage time may indicate a degradation of the fluid.

[0071] Process flow 400 then proceeds to step 414 with determining whether to adjust the operation of the infusion pump. An adjustment to the operation of the infusion pump may be a change to one or more operational parameters, for example, an increase in infusion time, infusion flow rate, the total volume to be infused, cessation of infusion, etc. For example, an adjustment to operation of the infusion pump may comprise modifying an amount of therapeutic fluid output. Based on the characterization of the therapeutic fluid at step 412, one or more adjustments to the operation of the infusion pump may be determined. As an example, at step 412, the infused RBCs may be characterized such that the amount of O2 delivery (e.g., oxygen affinity for a unit of RBCs) at the infusion volume is less than the amount of O2 delivered with the same volume of freshRBCs. An adjustment may be determined to increase the volume of RBCs infused whereby the amount of O2 delivered is the same as would be delivered with fresh RBCs. As another example, an adjustment to the flow rate of the therapeutic fluid may be determined to increase the filterability of the therapeutic fluid.

[0072] If at step 414, based on the characterization of the therapeutic fluid, no adjustment is determined for the operation of the infusion pump, then process flow 400 proceeds to step 410 with proceeding with the infusion.

[0073] If at step 414, based on the characterization of the therapeutic fluid an adjustment to the operation of the infusion pump is determined, then process flow 400 optionally proceeds to step 416 with notifying a user, for example, the operator of the infusion pump by displaying, on a display associated with the infusion pump, a notification of an adjustment to the infusion pump. For example, the notification may indicate one or more of: a characteristic value of the infusion pump (e.g., from step 406), one or more characterizations of the therapeutic fluid (e.g., from step 412), one or more adjustments to the operation of the infusion pump, and / or the like. In some embodiments, the user may select or confirm or modify, using buttons, a graphical user interface (GUI), etc., an adjustment to the operation of the infusion pump.

[0074] Process flow 400 may optionally proceed to step 418, such as directly from step 414 or after step 416, with automatically adjusting the operation of the infusion pump, based on the determination at step 414. For example, the infusion pump may control one or more operational parameters, including, for example, a change in infusion time, infusion flow rate, the total volume to be infused, cessation of infusion, etc. In some embodiments, process flow 400 proceeds to implement an adjustment to operation of the infusion pump after receiving a user selection or confirmation of the adjustment, such as at step 416.

[0075] In some embodiments, operating the infusion pump at step 404 may comprise a priming sequence for priming the infusion pump. The infusion pump may be primed by pumping a priming sample of the therapeutic fluid within the pump, before the therapeutic fluid is infused, for example, to a patient. Thereby, the pump may determine a characteristic value, at step 406, of the therapeutic fluid with the priming sample. Beneficially, then, at step 410, the infusion pump proceeds to infuse a patient where the characteristic value associated with priming the pump satisfies a threshold value, such as a safety threshold value. Thereby, patient safety is increased.

[0076] Furthermore, in cases where an adjustment is determined at step 414, a user may be notified and an adjustment to operation of the infusion pump made before infusing the therapeutic fluid to a patient. This beneficially provides a mechanism for corrective adjustments to increase patient safety and efficacy of infusion treatment.

[0077] Note that process flow 400 is just one example, and other flows including fewer, additional, or alternative steps, consistent with this disclosure, are possible.Example Method for Monitoring Therapeutic Fluids and Adjusting Operations of an Infusion Pump

[0078] FIG. 5 depicts an example method 500 for monitoring therapeutic fluids and adjusting operations of an infusion pump, for example, syringe pump 102 in FIG. 1, infusion system 200 in FIG. 2, or infusion pump 302 in FIG. 3.

[0079] Initially, method 500 begins at step 502 with operating an infusion pump to output a fluid according to one or more operational parameters.

[0080] In some embodiments, the one or more operational parameters are received at the infusion pump from an infusion order, for example, from a remote source such as an EMR, a hospital or pharmacy order, and the like. In some embodiments, the infusion pump is a syringe pump, such as syringe pump 102 in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the infusion pump is a LVP, such as one of pumps 202, 204, 206, and 208 in FIG. 2.

[0081] In some embodiments, operating the infusion pump comprises priming the infusion pump with the fluid.

[0082] Method 500 proceeds to step 504 with determining a characteristic value associated with the infusion pump while operating the infusion pump does not satisfy a threshold. A characteristic value may be an operational parameter of the infusion pump. A characteristic value may be measured by a sensor, for example, a force sensor, a pressure sensor, an occlusion sensor, a linear encoder sensor, and the like.

[0083] In some embodiments, the characteristic value may satisfy a threshold when the characteristic value is greater than a threshold value. In some embodiments, the characteristic value may satisfy a threshold when the characteristic value is less than a threshold value. In some embodiments, the characteristic value may satisfy a threshold when the characteristic value is within a threshold range.

[0084] In some embodiments, determining the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump while operating the infusion pump does not satisfy a threshold comprises: detecting the characteristic value with a sensor associated with the infusion pump; comparing the characteristic value to the threshold; and determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

[0085] In some embodiments, the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a force applied to a syringe of the infusion pump. For example, the force may be the force of a driver head (e.g., driver head 110 in FIG. 1) pushing on a push-button of the syringe loaded into the infusion pump to expel the fluid in the syringe. The force may be measured by a force sensor on the driver head.

[0086] In some embodiments, the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a pressure applied to a fluid container to output the fluid from the infusion pump. For example, the pressure may be the pressure applied to a fluid container within the infusion pump to pump fluid through the infusion pump. The pressure may be measured by a pressure sensor within the infusion pump, for example, at a fluid inlet, fluid outlet, a chamber within the infusion pump, etc.

[0087] Method 500 then proceeds to step 506 with adjusting one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump based on determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold value.

[0088] In some embodiments, adjusting the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump comprises modifying one or more of an amount of fluid output, a flow rate of the fluid, a force applied to the fluid, or a pressure of the fluid.

[0089] Method 500 then proceeds to step 508 with outputting an indication of a quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value. In some embodiments, the infusion pump comprises a display device, and the method further comprises displaying the indication on the display device.

[0090] In some embodiments, method 500 further comprises determining the quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value. In some embodiments, determining the quality of the fluid comprises processing the characteristic value with a machine learning model trained to determine a quality of the fluid.

[0091] In some embodiments, method 500 further comprises determining the quality of the fluid comprises processing the characteristic value with statistical analysis, for example, a transfer function, regression, polynomial regression, and the like.

[0092] In some embodiments, the fluid comprises red blood cells, and the quality of the fluid comprises an amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells. In some embodiments, method 500 further comprises outputting an indication of an amount of oxygen (O2) delivery based on the amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells. In some embodiments, the quality of the fluid comprises a storage time of a red blood cells.

[0093] In some embodiments the quality of the fluid includes one or more of: an age of the fluid; degradation of the fluid; occlusion of the fluid; pharmacological activity of the fluid; efficacy of the fluid; and the like.

[0094] Note that method 500 is just one example, and other flows including fewer, additional, or alternative steps, consistent with this disclosure, are possible.Example Computing Device

[0095] FIG. 6 depicts an example computing device 600, such as a medical device, that implements various features and processes described herein, such as syringe pump 102 in FIG. 1. For example, the computing device 600 may perform one or more steps of any of flow 400 or method 500. The computing device 600 may include one or more processors 604, one or more memories 606, one or more input components 610, one or more output components 612, and one or more communication interfaces 608. Each of these components may be coupled by a bus 602.

[0096] Computing device 600 may perform these processes based on one or more processors 604 executing software instructions stored by a computer-readable medium, such as one or more memories 606. In certain embodiments, one or more processors 604 may be programmed / designed / configured to perform these processes. A computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) is defined herein as a non-transitory memory device. A memory device includes memory space located inside of a single physical storage device or memory space spread across multiple physical storage devices. Software instructions may be read into one or more memories from another computer-readable medium or from another device via communication interface 608. When executed, software instructions stored in one or more memories may cause one or more processors 604 to perform one or more processes described herein.

[0097] A memory 606 may include data storage or one or more data structures (e.g., a database, etc.). Computing device 600 may be capable of receiving information from, storing information in, communicating information to, or searching information stored in the data storage or one or more data structures in one or more memories 606.

[0098] A memory 606 may include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and / or other types of dynamic or static storage devices (e.g., flash memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, etc.), that stores information and / or instructions for use by one or more processors 604. For example, a memory 606 may include may include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

[0099] One or more memories 606 may include an operation component 614 configured to operate an infusion pump and make adjustments to operation of an infusion pump, for example, according to one or more operational parameters, such as described in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. Operation component 614 may include an indication component configured to output an indication, display a notification, receive input from a user interface, and the like.

[0100] One or more memories 606 may include a determination component 616 configured to determine a characteristic value associated with the infusion pump while operating the infusion pump does not satisfy a threshold value, such as described in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.

[0101] One or more memories 606 may include a characterization component 618 configured to characterizing the fluid based on the characteristic value to determining a quality of the fluid, such as described in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. Characterization component 618 may include one or more machine learning models.

[0102] One or more memories 606 may include therapeutic fluid data 620 associated with the therapeutic fluid, including one or more characteristic values, one or more qualities, a storage time, a collection data, a compound date, storage conditions, other handling data, and the like.

[0103] One or more processors 604 may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), etc.), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and / or any processing component (e.g., a field- programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.), that may be programmed to perform a function, such as described herein.

[0104] One or more input components 610 may include a component that permits computing device 600 to receive information, such as via user input (e.g., a touch screen display, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a button, a switch, a microphone, etc.). Further, one or more input components 610 may include a sensor for sensing information (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) component, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an actuator, etc.).

[0105] One or more output components 612 may include a component that provides output information from computing device 600 (e.g., a display, a speaker, one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), etc.).

[0106] Communication interface 608 may include a transceiver-like component (e.g., a transceiver, a separate receiver and transmitter, etc.) that enables computing device 600 to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. Communication interface 608 may permit computing device 600 to receive information from another device and / or provide information to another device. For example, communication interface 608 may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a cellular network interface, and / or the like.Example Clauses

[0107] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0108] Clause 1 : A method, comprising: operating an infusion pump to output a fluid according to one or more operational parameters; while operating the infusion pump, determining a characteristic value associated with the infusion pump does not satisfy a threshold; adjusting the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump based on determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold; and outputting an indication of a quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

[0109] Clause 2: The method of clause 1, further comprising determining the quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

[0110] Clause 3: The method of clause 2, wherein determining the quality of the fluid comprises processing the characteristic value with a machine learning model trained to determine the quality of the fluid.

[0111] Clause 4: The method of any one of clauses 1-3, wherein adjusting the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump comprises modifying one or more of an amount of fluid output, a flow rate of the fluid, a force applied to the fluid, or a pressure of the fluid based, at least in part, on the quality of the fluid.

[0112] Clause 5: The method of any one of clauses 1-4, wherein operating the infusion pump comprises priming the infusion pump with the fluid.

[0113] Clause 6: The method of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein determining the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump while operating the infusion pump does not satisfy the threshold comprises: detecting the characteristic value with a sensor associated with the infusion pump; comparing the characteristic value to the threshold; and determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

[0114] Clause 7: The method of any one of clauses 1-6, further comprising outputting an indication that the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

[0115] Clause 8: The method of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a force applied to a syringe of the infusion pump.

[0116] Clause 9: The method of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a pressure applied to a fluid container to output the fluid from the infusion pump.

[0117] Clause 10: The method of any one of clauses 1-9, wherein the fluid comprises red blood cells, and wherein the quality of the fluid comprises an amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells.

[0118] Clause 11 : The method of clause 10, further comprising outputting an indication of an amount of oxygen delivery based on the amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells.

[0119] Clause 12: The method of any one of clauses 1-11, wherein the quality of the fluid comprises a storage time of the fluid.

[0120] Clause 13: A processing system, comprising: a memory comprising computerexecutable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the processing system to perform a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-12.

[0121] Clause 14: A processing system, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-12.

[0122] Clause 15: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing program code for causing an infusion system to perform the steps of any one of clauses 1-12.

[0123] Clause 16: A computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-12.

[0124] Clause 17: An infusion system, comprising: a memory comprising computerexecutable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the infusion system to perform a method in accordance with any one of clauses 1-12.Additional Considerations

[0125] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various embodiments described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or embodiments set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0126] As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects.

[0127] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of’ a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c). Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean only one unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” For example, reference to an element (e.g., “a processor,” “a memory,” etc.), unless otherwise specifically stated, should be understood to refer to one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors,” “one or more memories,” etc.). The terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more elements, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method), one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function). Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more.

[0128] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.

[0129] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the methods. The method steps and / or actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific steps and / or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. Themeans may include various hardware and / or software component(s) and / or module(s), including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or processor. Generally, where there are operations illustrated in figures, those operations may have corresponding counterpart means-plus-function components with similar numbering.

[0130] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within a claim, reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.” All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An infusion system, comprising: a memory comprising computer-executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the infusion system to: operate an infusion pump to output a fluid according to one or more operational parameters; while operating the infusion pump, determine a characteristic value associated with the infusion pump does not satisfy a threshold; adjust the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump based on determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold; and output an indication of a quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

2. The infusion system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the infusion system to determine the quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

3. The infusion system of claim 2, wherein in order to determine the quality of the fluid, the processor is further configured to cause the infusion system to process the characteristic value with a machine learning model trained to determine the quality of the fluid.

4. The infusion system of claim 1, wherein in order to adjust the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump, the processor is further configured to cause the infusion system to modify one or more of an amount of fluid output, a flow rate of the fluid, a force applied to the fluid, or a pressure of the fluid based at least in part on the quality of the fluid.

5. The infusion system of claim 1, wherein in order to operate the infusion pump, the processor is further configured to cause the infusion system to prime the infusion pump with the fluid.

6. The infusion system of claim 1, wherein in order to determine the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump while operating the infusion pump does not satisfy the threshold, the processor is further configured to cause the infusion system to: detect the characteristic value with a sensor associated with the infusion pump; compare the characteristic value to the threshold; and determine the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

7. The infusion system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the infusion system to output an indication that the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

8. The infusion system of claim 1, wherein the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a force applied to a syringe of the infusion pump.

9. The infusion system of claim 1, wherein the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a pressure applied to a fluid container to output the fluid from the infusion pump.

10. The infusion system of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises red blood cells, and wherein the quality of the fluid comprises an amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells.

11. The infusion system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the infusion system to output an indication of an amount of oxygen delivery based on the amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells.

12. The infusion system of claim 1 , wherein the quality of the fluid comprises a storage time of the fluid.

13. A computer-implemented method, comprising: operating an infusion pump to output a fluid according to one or more operational parameters; while operating the infusion pump, determining a characteristic value associated with the infusion pump does not satisfy a threshold; adjusting the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump based on determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold; and outputting an indication of a quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining the quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the quality of the fluid comprises processing the characteristic value with a machine learning model trained to determine the quality of the fluid.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein adjusting the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump comprises modifying one or more of an amount of fluid output, a flow rate of the fluid, a force applied to the fluid, or a pressure of the fluid based at least in part on the quality of the fluid.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein operating the infusion pump comprises priming the infusion pump with the fluid.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump while operating the infusion pump does not satisfy the threshold comprises: detecting the characteristic value with a sensor associated with the infusion pump; comparing the characteristic value to the threshold; and determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

19. The method of claim 13, further comprising outputting an indication that the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a force applied to a syringe of the infusion pump.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a pressure applied to a fluid container to output the fluid from the infusion pump.

22. The method of claim 13, wherein the fluid comprises red blood cells, and wherein the quality of the fluid comprises an amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising outputting an indication of an amount of oxygen delivery based on the amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells.

24. The method of claim 13, wherein the quality of the fluid comprises a storage time of the fluid.

25. A non- transitory computer-readable medium storing program code for causing an infusion system to perform steps of:operating an infusion pump to output a fluid according to one or more operational parameters; while operating the infusion pump, determining a characteristic value associated with the infusion pump does not satisfy a threshold; adjusting the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump based on determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold; and outputting an indication of a quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the steps further comprise determining the quality of the fluid based on the characteristic value.

27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein determining the quality of the fluid comprises processing the characteristic value with a machine learning model trained to determine the quality of the fluid.

28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein adjusting the one or more operational parameters of the infusion pump comprises modifying one or more of an amount of fluid output, a flow rate of the fluid, a force applied to the fluid, or a pressure of the fluid based at least in part on the quality of the fluid.

29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein operating the infusion pump comprises priming the infusion pump with the fluid.

30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein determining the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump while operating the infusion pump does not satisfy the threshold comprises: detecting the characteristic value with a sensor associated with the infusion pump; comparing the characteristic value to the threshold; and determining the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the steps further comprise outputting an indication that the characteristic value does not satisfy the threshold.

32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a force applied to a syringe of the infusion pump.

33. The non-transitory computer- readable medium of claim 25, wherein the characteristic value associated with the infusion pump comprises a pressure applied to a fluid container to output the fluid from the infusion pump.

34. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the fluid comprises red blood cells, and wherein the quality of the fluid comprises an amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells.

35. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein the steps further comprise outputting an indication of an amount of oxygen delivery based on the amount of storage lesion of the red blood cells.

36. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the quality of the fluid comprises a storage time of the fluid.