Building barrier systems and methods

Abstract

A barrier system (102, 200) includes a frame assembly (208) including a plurality of structural members; and a plurality of panels coupled together with the frame assembly and configured to form a roof or facade of a building (100) that defines a human-occupiable space. The plurality of panels includes at least one photovoltaic (PV) panel (202) configured to generate direct current electrical power in response to receiving solar energy; and at least one metallic (204) or composite panel (206).

Description

BUILDING BARRIER SYSTEMS AND METHODSTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This disclosure relates to systems and methods for providing a barrier, such as a roof or facade (or both), that comprises multiple different panels, such as metallic, solar, or composite panels or a combination thereof.BACKGROUND

[0002] Building structures, such as human-occupiable residential and commercial buildings, rely on barriers such as roofs, walls, awnings, facades, and other barriers, to prevent undesired water or air intrusion or escape. Typically, a barrier must be constructed of a single material rather than multiple materials, even if multiple materials would be advantageous. Further, the addition of power generating equipment to such barriers, such as photovoltaic solar panels, requires such equipment to be mounted onto an existing barrier (such as a roof), which can cause issues with the roof or unsightly barriers.SUMMARY

[0003] In an example implementation, a barrier system includes a frame assembly including a plurality of structural members; and a plurality of panels coupled together with the frame assembly and configured to form a roof or facade of a building that defines a human- occupiable space. The plurality of panels includes at least one photovoltaic (PV) panel configured to generate direct current electrical power in response to receiving solar energy; and at least one metallic or composite panel.

[0004] In an aspect combinable with the example implementation, the at least one metallic panel includes a steel or aluminum sheet metal panel.

[0005] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one PV solar panel includes a first PV solar panel and a second PV solar panel.

[0006] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of structural members includes a first connecting member including a first profile configured to couple to a side of the first PV solar panel; a second connecting member including the first profile configured to couple to a side of the second PV solar panel; and a plurality of fastening assemblies.

[0007] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, each of the fastening assemblies includes a washer including a first wing configured to couple to a top edge of the first connecting member and a second wing configured to couple to a top edge of the second connecting member, and a fastener configured to attach the washer to at least one support structure to form a portion of the roof or facade with the first PV solar panel immediately adjacent the second PV solar panel.

[0008] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of structural members includes a cap including a first profile edge configured to couple to a protrusion of the first connecting member and a second profile edge configured to couple to a protrusion of the second connecting member.

[0009] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes a first portion of an adhesive sealing tape attached to the first connecting member and an underside of the first PV solar panel; and a second portion of the adhesive sealing tape attached to the second connecting member and an underside of the second PV solar panel.

[0010] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the cap includes a u-shaped member with each of the first and second profile edges located on opposing legs of the u-shaped member.

[0011] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes a filler configured to fill a space defined at least in part by a u-bend of the u-shaped member.

[0012] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the filler includes a compressible seal with low water permeability.

[0013] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one PV solar panel includes a third PV solar panel.

[0014] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of structural members includes a third connecting member including a Z-profile configured to couple to the third PV solar panel and an edge of the metallic panel; and a plurality of fasteners configured to attach the third connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the third PV solar panel immediately adjacent the metallic panel.

[0015] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes another cap including the first profile edge configured to couple to a first protrusion of the thirdconnecting member and a second profile edge configured to couple to a second protrusion of the third connecting member.

[0016] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the composite panel is a first composite panel, and the plurality of panels includes a second composite panel.

[0017] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the first and second composite panels include an aluminum composite or a laminated aluminum.

[0018] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of structural members includes another first connecting member including the first profile configured to fit into the first composite panel; another second connecting member including the first profile configured to fit into the second composite panel; a fourth connecting member including a T-profile configured to couple to a top edge of the another first connecting member and to a top edge of the another second connecting member; and another plurality of fasteners configured to attach the fourth connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the fourth PV solar panel immediately adjacent the composite panel.

[0019] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of structural members includes a bottom edge member including a side groove configured to receive a bottom edge of the first PV solar panel; a bottom profile; and a drip edge opposite the side groove.

[0020] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the bottom profile includes a first opening configured to receive a first edge fastener through the first connecting member and into the bottom profile to secure the bottom edge member to the first connecting member and the first PV solar panel, and a second opening configured to receive a second edge fastener through the second connecting member and into the bottom profile to secure the bottom edge member to the second connecting member and the first PV solar panel.

[0021] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes an underlayment panel that includes a first upturned edge including a first hole and a second upturned edge including a second hole.

[0022] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of structural members includes a top edge member including a side groove configured to receive a top edge of the first PV solar panel; and a bore.

[0023] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the bore includes a first opening configured to receive a third edge fastener through the first connecting member, through the first hole, and into the bore to secure the top edge member to the underlayment panel, the first connecting member, and the first PV solar panel, and a second opening configured to receive a fourth edge fastener through the second connecting member, through the second hole, and into the bore to secure the top edge member to the underlayment panel, the second connecting member, and the first PV solar panel.

[0024] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one PV solar panel includes a plurality of PV solar panels.

[0025] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes an electrical circuit configured to electrically couple the plurality of PV solar panels together in series or parallel.

[0026] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the electrical circuit includes at least one inverter configured to convert the direct current electrical power to alternating current electrical power.

[0027] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one PV solar panel includes a frameless PV solar panel.

[0028] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of structural members include a first frame plate coupled to a top end of the frameless PV solar panel; a second frame plate coupled to a bottom end of the frameless PV solar panel; an overlap coupled to the top end of the frameless PV solar panel by the first frame plate; a first connecting member including a first profile configured to couple to a side of the frameless PV solar panel; and a second connecting member including the first profile configured to couple to a side of the frameless PV solar panel.

[0029] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the first and second frame plate are coupled to a bottom glass layer of the frameless PV solar panel with an adhesive.

[0030] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the overlap is coupled to the first frame plate with the adhesive.

[0031] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the overlap includes a flat portion and upturned side portions coupled to the flat portion.

[0032] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, each upturned side portion includes at least one tab configured to bend over a portion of one of the first or second connecting members to lock the first or second connecting member with the frameless PV solar panel.

[0033] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the composite panel includes a plurality of milled portions.

[0034] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of milled portions include: a first milled portion at a top edge of the composite panel that extends a width of the composite panel; slots milled along each side edge of the composite panel; grooves milled along each side edge of the composite panel parallel to the slots; and ramps milled at each side edge of the composite panel.

[0035] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, shoulder portions are defined between the slots and the grooves.

[0036] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the slots define bend locations of the composite panel such that the side edges of the composite panel are configured to bend upward to recess the shoulder portions in the slots.

[0037] In another example implementation, a method of constructing a barrier for a building includes installing a frame assembly including a plurality of structural members; and coupling a plurality of panels together with the frame assembly to form a roof or facade of a building that defines a human-occupiable space. The coupling includes coupling, with the frame assembly, at least one photovoltaic (PV) panel to at least one metallic or composite panel.

[0038] In an aspect combinable with the example implementation, the at least one metallic panel includes a steel or aluminum sheet metal panel.

[0039] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one PV solar panel includes a first PV solar panel and a second PV solar panel.

[0040] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes coupling a first connecting member with the first PV solar panel by coupling a first profile of thefirst connecting member to a side of the first PV solar panel; coupling a second connecting member with the second PV solar panel by coupling a first profile of the second connecting member to a side of the second PV solar panel; and securing the first and second connecting members to at least one support structure to form a portion of the roof or facade with the first PV solar panel immediately adjacent the second PV solar panel.

[0041] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the securing includes coupling at least one washer of a fastening assembly to respective top edges of the first and second connecting members and securing the at least one washer to the first and second connecting members with a fastener that connects the washer to the at least one support structure.

[0042] An aspect combinable with the example implementation includes securing a cap over the first and second connecting members by engaging a first profile edge of the cap over a protrusion of the first connecting member and engaging a second profile edge of the cap over a protrusion of the second connecting member.

[0043] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes applying a first portion of an adhesive sealing tape to the first connecting member and an underside of the first PV solar panel; and applying a second portion of the adhesive sealing tape to the second connecting member and an underside of the second PV solar panel.

[0044] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the cap includes a u-shaped member with each of the first and second profile edges located on opposing legs of the u-shaped member.

[0045] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes installing a filler into a space defined at least in part by a u-bend of the u-shaped member.

[0046] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the filler includes at least one of EDPM or PVC foam.

[0047] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one PV solar panel includes a third PV solar panel.

[0048] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes coupling a third connecting member including a Z-profile to the third PV solar panel and to a portion of an edge of the metallic panel; and securing the third connecting member to at least onesupport structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the third PV solar panel immediately adjacent the metallic panel with a plurality of fasteners.

[0049] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes securing another cap over the first and second connecting members by engaging a first profile edge of the another cap over a first protrusion of the third connecting member and engaging a second profile edge of the another cap over a second protrusion of the third connecting member.

[0050] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the composite panel is a first composite panel, and the plurality of panels includes a second composite panel.

[0051] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the first and second composite panels include at least one of an aluminum composite or a laminated aluminum.

[0052] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes coupling another first connecting member with the first composite panel by inserting a first profile of the another first connecting member into the first composite panel; coupling another second connecting member with the second composite panel by inserting a first profile of the another second connecting member into the second composite panel; coupling a fourth connecting member including a T-profile to a top edge of the another first connecting member and to a top edge of the another second connecting member; and securing, with another plurality of fasteners, the fourth connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the first composite panel immediately adjacent the second composite panel.

[0053] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes coupling a bottom edge member to a bottom edge of the first PV solar panel by engaging the bottom edge with a side groove of the bottom edge member; securing the first connecting member into a bottom profile of the bottom edge member with a first edge fastener to secure the bottom edge member to the first connecting member and the first PV solar panel; and securing the second connecting member into the bottom profile of the bottom edge member with a second edge fastener to secure the bottom edge member to the second connecting member and the first PV solar panel.

[0054] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes coupling a top edge member to a top edge of the first PV solar panel by engaging the top edge with a side groove of the top edge member; securing the first connecting member to the top edgemember, the first PV solar panel, and an underlayment panel with a third edge fastener; and securing the second connecting member to the top edge member, the first PV solar panel, and the underlayment panel with a fourth edge fastener.

[0055] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one PV solar panel includes a plurality of PV solar panels.

[0056] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes installing an electrical circuit to electrically couple the plurality of PV solar panels together in series or parallel.

[0057] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes converting the direct current electrical power to alternating current electrical power with at least one inverter.

[0058] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one PV solar panel includes a frameless PV solar panel.

[0059] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes operating the at least one PV solar panel to generate direct current electrical power in response to receiving solar energy.

[0060] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes coupling a fourth connecting member to upturned sides of the first and second composite panels; and securing, with another plurality of fasteners, the fourth connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the first composite panel immediately adjacent the second composite panel.

[0061] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes engaging, with another plurality of fasteners, upturned sides of the first and second composite panels to couple the first composite panel to and immediately adjacent the second composite panel; and securing, with the another plurality of fasteners, the first and second composite panels to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the first composite panel immediately adjacent the second composite panel.

[0062] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes securing a cap over the first and second composite panels by engaging a first profile edge of the cap over a side profile of the first composite panel and engaging a second profile edge of the cap over a side profile of the second composite panel

[0063] In another example implementation, a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel package includes a frameless PV solar panel formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers including at least one glass panel, at least one encapsulant panel, and at least one PV cell panel; and a frame assembly coupled to the frameless PV solar panel and configured to facilitate attachment of the package to a support surface of a building. The frame assembly includes a plurality of framing members including a first connecting member coupled to a first side of the frameless PV solar panel, a second connecting member coupled to a second side of the frameless PV solar panel opposite the first side, and a third connecting member coupled to an end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides. The package includes an underlayment panel coupled to the frameless PV solar panel with the first and second connecting members; and at least one portion of sealing tape applied to the frame assembly.

[0064] In an aspect combinable with the example implementation, the plurality of layers includes a backsheet layer.

[0065] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one glass panel includes a first glass panel and a second glass panel.

[0066] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one encapsulant panel includes a first encapsulant panel and a second encapsulant panel.

[0067] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, each of the first and second connecting members includes a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf and configured to receive the respective first and second sides of the frameless PV solar panel; and a second profile configured to couple to a cap at the building.

[0068] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the third connecting member includes a slot configured to receive the end of the frameless PV solar panel; and a bore configured to align with at least one hole formed on a side edge of the underlayment and receive at least one fastener through the at least one hole and into the bore to couple the underlayment to the third connecting member and the frameless PV solar panel.

[0069] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the first and second connecting members each include at least one aperture configured to receive the at least one fastener through the at least one hole, through the at least one aperture, and into the bore to couple the underlayment, the first and second connecting members, the third connecting member, and the frameless PV solar panel together.

[0070] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the end includes a first end, the package including a fourth connecting member coupled to a second end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides and opposite the first end.

[0071] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the fourth connecting member includes a slot configured to receive the second end of the frameless PV solar panel; and a bore configured to align with at least one aperture in each of the first and second connecting members and configured to receive the at least one fastener through the apertures, and into the bore to couple the first and second connecting members, the fourth connecting member, and the frameless PV solar panel together.

[0072] In another example implementation, a method of constructing a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel package includes coupling a first connecting member of a frame assembly to a first side of a frameless PV solar panel formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers including at least one glass panel, at least one encapsulant panel, and at least one PV cell panel; coupling a second connecting member of the frame assembly to a second side of the frameless PV solar panel opposite the first side, the frame assembly configured to facilitate attachment of the PV solar panel package to a support surface of a building coupling a third connecting member to an end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; coupling an underlayment panel to the frameless PV solar panel with the first and second connecting members; and applying at least one portion of sealing tape to the frame assembly.

[0073] In an aspect combinable with the example implementation, the plurality of layers includes a backsheet layer.

[0074] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one glass panel includes a first glass panel and a second glass panel.

[0075] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one encapsulant panel includes a first encapsulant panel and a second encapsulant panel.

[0076] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes inserting the first side of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf of the first connecting member; and inserting the second side of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf of the second connecting member.

[0077] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes inserting the end of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot of the third connecting member;aligning a bore of the third connecting member with at least one hole formed on each side edge of the underlayment; and attaching a fastener through the at least one hole on each side edge and into the bore to couple the underlayment to the third connecting member and the frameless PV solar panel.

[0078] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes attaching the fastener through an aperture on each of the first and second connecting members to couple the underlayment, the first and second connecting members, the third connecting member, and the frameless PV solar panel together.

[0079] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the end includes a first end, and the method includes coupling a fourth connecting member to a second end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides and opposite the first end.

[0080] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes inserting the second end of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot of the fourth connecting member; aligning a bore of the fourth connecting member with at least one aperture in each of the first and second connecting members; and attaching at least one fastener through each of the apertures and into the bore to couple the first and second connecting members, the fourth connecting member, and the frameless PV solar panel together.

[0081] In another example implementation, a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel package includes a frameless PV solar panel formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers including at least one glass panel, at least one encapsulant panel, and at least one PV cell panel; and a frame assembly coupled to the frameless PV solar panel and configured to facilitate attachment of the package to a support surface of a building. The frame assembly includes a plurality of framing members that include a first connecting member coupled to a first side of the frameless PV solar panel, a second connecting member coupled to a second side of the frameless PV solar panel opposite the first side, and an overlap coupled to a top end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; and at least one portion of adhesive applied to the frame assembly.

[0082] In an aspect combinable with the example implementation, the plurality of layers includes a backsheet layer.

[0083] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one glass panel includes a first glass panel and a second glass panel.

[0084] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one encapsulant panel includes a first encapsulant panel and a second encapsulant panel.

[0085] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, each of the first and second connecting members includes a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf and configured to receive the respective first or second sides of the frameless PV solar panel; and a second profile configured to couple to a cap at the building.

[0086] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the overlap includes a flat portion; a first upturned side portion coupled to the flat portion at a first end; and a second upturned side portion coupled to the flat portion at a second end opposite the first end.

[0087] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, each upturned side portion includes at least one tab configured to bend over a portion of one of the first or second connecting members to lock the first or second connecting member with the frameless PV solar panel.

[0088] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the plurality of framing members include a first frame plate coupled to the top end of the frameless PV solar panel; and a second frame plate coupled to a bottom end of the frameless PV solar panel, the first and second frame plates coupled to the at least one glass panel with the adhesive.

[0089] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the overlap is coupled to the first frame plate and the first and second connecting members with the adhesive.

[0090] In another example implementation, a method of constructing a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel package includes coupling a first connecting member of a frame assembly to a first side of a frameless PV solar panel formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers including at least one glass panel, at least one encapsulant panel, and at least one PV cell panel; coupling a second connecting member of the frame assembly to a second side of the frameless PV solar panel opposite the first side, the frame assembly configured to facilitate attachment of the PV solar panel package to a support surface of a building coupling an overlap to a top end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; and applying at least one portion of adhesive to the frame assembly.

[0091] In an aspect combinable with the example implementation, the plurality of layers includes a backsheet layer.

[0092] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one glass panel includes a first glass panel and a second glass panel.

[0093] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, the at least one encapsulant panel includes a first encapsulant panel and a second encapsulant panel.

[0094] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes inserting the first side of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf of the first connecting member; and inserting the second side of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf of the second connecting member.

[0095] In another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects, coupling the overlap includes attaching a flat portion of the overlap to the top end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; overlapping the first connecting member with a first upturned side portion of the overlap; overlapping the second connecting member with a second upturned side portion of the overlap; and securing the first and second connecting members to the frameless PV solar panel by bending at least one tab on each of the first and second upturned side portions of the overlap over a portion of the respective first or second connecting members.

[0096] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes coupling a first frame plate to the top end of the frameless PV solar panel; and coupling a second frame plate coupled to a bottom end of the frameless PV solar panel, the first and second frame plates coupled to the at least one glass panel with the adhesive.

[0097] Another aspect combinable with one, some, or all of the previous aspects includes coupling the overlap to the first frame plate and the first and second connecting members with the adhesive.

[0098] The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0099] FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example building that includes a barrier according to the present disclosure.

[0100] FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of an example implementation of a barrier for a building according to the present disclosure.

[0101] FIG. 2B is a schematic illustration of an example implementation of PV solar panel according to the present disclosure.

[0102] FIGS. 3A-3D are schematic illustrations of a portion of a frame assembly used to couple two, similar barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure.

[0103] FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic illustrations of another portion of a frame assembly used to couple two, dissimilar barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure.

[0104] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of another portion of a frame assembly used to couple two, similar barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure.

[0105] FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic illustrations of another portion of a frame assembly used to couple two, similar barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier at an edge according to the present disclosure.

[0106] FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a barrier of a building that includes dissimilar panels joined together with a frame assembly according to the present disclosure.

[0107] FIGS. 8A-8E are schematic illustrations of exploded views and component views of portions of a frame assembly used to couple barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure.

[0108] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an example method for constructing a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure.

[0109] FIGS. 10A-10G represent an exploded view of an example implementation of a PV solar panel assembly according to the present disclosure.

[0110] FIGS. 11 A and 1 IB are schematic illustrations of an exploded view of a portion of an example implementation of a PV solar panel assembly according to the present disclosure.

[0111] FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic illustrations of another portion of an example implementation of a PV solar panel assembly according to the present disclosure.

[0112] FIGS. 13A-13F are schematic illustrations of a process for assembling a portion of a barrier with multiple PV solar panel assemblies according to the present disclosure.

[0113] FIGS. 14A-14C are schematic illustrations of portions of an example implementation of a composite panel according to the present disclosure.

[0114] FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a frame assembly used to couple two composite panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure.

[0115] FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of a controller or control system for a power generation system as part of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0116] FIG. 1 is an illustration of an example building 100 that includes a barrier 102 according to the present disclosure. Generally, the building 100 is or represents a human- occupiable building that includes at least a portion of a human-occupiable indoor environment 104. Thus, building 100 can be a residential or commercial human-occupiable environment, whether completely enclosed to an ambient and outdoor environment, or having at least a portion open to the ambient and outdoor environment (such as, for example, a porch, or “all seasons” room, carport, garage, or otherwise). In addition, building 100 according to the present disclosure can represent a structure that, while at least partially human-occupiable, is designed primarily for non- human occupation, such as, for instance, an animal shelter (e.g., dog house or otherwise), a storage building (e.g., shed, storage unit building, or otherwise).

[0117] As shown in this figure, the building 100 includes a barrier 102; here, the barrier 102 represents a roof (or roofing system) of the building 100. However, a barrier according to the present disclosure can also represent, for example, a facade of building 100, other forms of overhead coverings (e.g., carport cover or porch cover), and other structures that can provide a barrier through which moisture or air is prevented or impeded from flow therethrough (to the human-occupiable indoor environment 104 or to another space in which such fluids are undesirable). Thus, barrier includes roofs, roofing systems, facades, and other structures as part of building 100 according to the present disclosure.

[0118] In the example of building 100, the barrier 102 is a roof or roofing system that includes multiple panels, which, in some example embodiments, include two or more different barrier panel types or barrier panel materials (or both). In example embodiments, the barrier 102 can include at least one barrier panel type that is a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel operable to convert solar energy to, e.g., direct current (DC) electrical energy. The PV solar panel(s) can be coupled together with one or more metallic panels (e.g., sheet metal, conventional metal roofing panels or modified metal roofing panels) or one or more composite panels (e.g., an aluminum composite or laminated aluminum), or a combination of both types. However, alternative implementations of the barrier 102 (or other barriers according to the present disclosure) can be formed of only one of the different types of barrier panels described here, such as only PV solar panels, only metallic panels, or only composite panels. Even further, alternative implementations of the barrier 102 (or other barriers according to the present disclosure) can be formed of only metallic panels in combination with composite panels.

[0119] FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of an example implementation of a barrier 200 for a building according to the present disclosure. Barrier 200, for example, can represent all or a portion of a roof or roofing system, a facade, or other barrier, whether structural (i.e., load bearing) or not load bearing. In this example implementation, the barrier 200 is comprised of one or more PV solar panels 202, one or more metallic panels 204, and one or more composite panels 206. The one or more PV solar panels 202, one or more metallic panels 204, and one or more composite panels 206 are coupled together to form the barrier 200 with a frame assembly 208 as further described herein.

[0120] Turning briefly to FIG. 2B, this figure shows an exploded view of an example implementation of a PV solar panel 202 according to the present disclosure. In this example, the PV solar panel 202 comprises a sandwich of glass 201a, encapsulant 201b (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate - EVA), a PV cell layer 201c, encapsulant 20 Id, and a backsheet 20 le. Thus, in example aspects, PV solar panel 202 does not include a frame as conventionally used in framed PV solar panels and, indeed, certain components of the frame assembly 208 (as described herein) are attached to or coupled to the PV solar panel 202 to form an installed “frame.” However, a PV solar panel according to the present disclosure can also include a sandwich of some but not all of these aforementioned layers (e.g. , without backsheet 201 e and with another glass panel added there in place). Likewise, in such implementations of a PV solar panel with a glass panel that replacesthe backsheet 201 e (and no conventional frame), certain components of frame assembly 208 are coupled to the PV solar panel 202 by coupling to edges of the sandwich of layers that forms the PV solar panel 202.

[0121] In the example implementation of the barrier 200 being a roof or roofing system (or portion thereof), the barrier 200 forms a significant barrier to liquid or air infiltration or exfiltration to or from a human-occupiable environment. Thus, in some aspects, the barrier 200 is not installed on another roof or roofing system, such as a metal roofing system, shingled roofing system, tiled roofing system, or otherwise, but instead is installed on a support structure (e.g., roof battens, planar wood or composite surface such as a plywood surface, or other structure) that forms an inner or exoskeleton of the building (such as building 100).

[0122] FIGS. 3A-3D are schematic illustrations of a portion of a frame assembly used to couple two, similar barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure. Generally, FIGS. 3A-3D show schematic illustrations of a portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200 that includes two PV solar panels 202 coupled side-by-side in the barrier 200. FIG. 3A shows a first isometric view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200. FIG. 3B shows a second isometric view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200. FIG. 3C shows an end view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200. FIG. 3D shows an example implementation of a washer 500 that is used in the frame assembly 208.

[0123] With reference to FIGS. 3A-3C, PV solar panels 202 are positioned on a support surface 350 (such as roof battens or a planar wood surface) and coupled together (and to the support surface 350) with connecting members 300. As illustrated in this example, the connecting members 300 comprise elongate and rigid (or semi-rigid) members that are profiled to accept an edge of the PV solar panel 202 (as well as other components). For example, with reference to FIG. 3B, each connecting member 300 includes a profile 304 under which the PV solar panel 202 fits into a slot (described with reference to FIGS. 8D and 8E) to create a secure and, e.g., water-tight seal that prevents or reduces liquid from flowing underneath the PV solar panel 202 (and under the profile 304).

[0124] This example implementation of the connecting members 300 also include a profile302 that extends outward and, as explained more fully, provide for a locking location to receiveand secure a cap 370. As shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, two connecting members 300 are positioned back-to-back (i.e., with profiles 304 and 302 facing the respective PV solar panels 202) and each receive an edge of a particular PV solar panel 202. A space 301 is created between the connecting members 300.

[0125] With reference in particular to FIGS. 3B and 3C, a fastening assembly that comprises washer 500 and fastener is secured over top edges of the connecting members 300 within the space 301 and to the support surface 350. In this example, multiple fastening assemblies can be installed (e.g., every 1 foot, 2 feet, 3 feet, or other distance as required) to secure the PV solar panels 202 to the support surface 350. With reference also to FIG. 3D, side wings 502 of the washer 500 are positioned over the top edges of the adjacent connecting members 300, while spacers 504 are positioned (and define) the space 301 between the connecting members 300. A bore 506 of the washer 500 receives a threaded or sharpened portion 402 of the fastener 400, which is secured into the support surface 350. A head 404 of the fastener 400 sits atop the washer 500 and acts to prevent removal of the washer 500 and the items (e.g., connecting member 300) secured by the fastening assembly (e.g., due to wind load or otherwise on the PV solar panels 202).

[0126] As further shown in FIG. 3B in particular, in this example, sealing tape 850 (e.g., a compressible, water proof tape) can be installed in the space 301 between the connecting member 300 (and to the connecting member 300) and extend underneath the PV solar panels 202. And as better shown in FIG. 8A, a length of sealing tape 850, when installed (e.g., pre-installed on the PV solar panel 202) comprises a flat portion and upturned edges on each end of the flat portion. The upturned edges extend, when installed, within the space 301 and the flat portion wraps underneath the PV solar panel 202 (between the panel 202 and support surface 350).

[0127] Sealing tape 850 can be installed to provide a waterproof seal between the PV solar panel 202 (or composite panel 206) and another element of the barrier 200 (e.g., another PV solar panel 202, metallic panel 204, or composite panel 206) that has an overlapping region, which extends under the panel 202. Further, sealing tape 850 can provide a sealant to fill a gap between the aforementioned barrier elements created by thermal expansion of these elements or the support surface 350 or an underlayment (such as underlayment 213) so that water, dirt, or other contaminants do not gather between the PV solar panel 202 and these other structures.

[0128] In this example, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, an edge member 550 is installed at an edge (e.g., a bottom edge) of the PV solar panel 202 orthogonal to the connecting member 300.The edge member 550 includes an edge 552, such as a drip edge 552, as well as an edge 554 that overlaps a portion of the PV solar panel 202 (e.g., to create a secure and, e.g., water-tight seal that prevents or reduces liquid from flowing underneath the PV solar panel 202 and under the edge 554). A sealing tape 560 (e.g., a foam sealing tape similar to or identical to sealing tape 850) can be installed to abut end edges of the connecting members 300, as well as a side of the edge members 550 to ensure watertightness and provide a thermal expansion gap between the PV solar panels 202.

[0129] With reference to FIGS. 3B and 3C, in this example implementation, a cap 370 that comprises (in this example) an elongate, U-shaped member, is installed over the connecting members 300 (and over space 301). As shown, the cap 370 includes a curved portion 374 coupled to two legs 372 to form the U-shape. A profile 376 is formed or attached to an inner surface of each leg 372. When installed over the connecting members 300, the profiles 376 engage with or snap over the profiles 302 of the adjacent connecting members 300 to secure the cap 370 over the connecting members 300 (and the space 301).

[0130] Generally, the cap 370 prevents or helps prevent moisture from infiltrating the space 301 (as well as, for instance, between the PV solar panels 202 and the support surface 350). As further shown in FIG. 3C, an insert 420 can be installed within a space defined by the curved portion 374 and at least portions of the legs 372. The insert 420, in some aspects, can be formed of a waterproof or sealing material to prevent or help prevent moisture from reaching the space 301. In some aspects, the insert 420 can also provide insulative properties. In some aspects, the insert 420 can also provide additional structural rigidity to the cap 370. The insert 420 can be installed along portions of the cap 370 or an entire length of the cap 370.

[0131] Turning to FIG. 3 A, in this example, the PV solar panels 202 (and, in some cases, all of the PV solar panels 202 within a barrier 200), can be electrically connected by circuits 901 to one or more inverters 900 within a power generation system. In a conventional operation of the PV solar panels 202, therefore, solar energy 902 received by the PV solar panels 202 can be converted to DC electrical power that flows to the inverter 900 through the circuits 901. The inverter 900, in turn and as conventionally known, can produce alternating current (AC) electrical power to provide to, e.g., the building 100). Additionally, or alternatively, solar energy 902 received by the PV solar panels 202 can be converted to DC electrical power that flows to DC-DC transformers to charge an energy storage system, such as a bank of one or more batteries, throughthe circuits 901. A control system 999 can be communi cably coupled to the one or more inverters 900 (and other components of a power generation system) to control the operations of the system.

[0132] FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic illustrations of another portion of a frame assembly used to couple two, dissimilar barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure. Generally, FIGS. 4 A and 4B show schematic illustrations of a portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200 that includes a PV solar panel 202 coupled side-by-side with a metallic panel 204 in the barrier 200. FIG. 4A shows a first isometric view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200. FIG. 4B shows a second isometric view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200.

[0133] As shown in these figures, a PV solar panel 202 is positioned on a support surface 350 (such as roof battens or a planar wood surface) and coupled with the metallic panel 204 (and to the support surface 350) with a connecting member 300 and Z member 600. As previously described, the connecting member 300 comprises an elongate and rigid (or semi-rigid) member that is profiled to accept an edge of the PV solar panel 202 (as well as other components). The connecting member 300 includes the profile 304 under which the PV solar panel 202 fits into a slot (described with reference to FIGS. 8D and 8E) to create a secure and, e.g., water-tight seal that prevents or reduces liquid from flowing underneath the PV solar panel 202 (and under the profile 304).

[0134] The connecting member 300 also includes the profile 302 that extends outward and, as explained more fully, provide for a locking location to receive and the cap 370 shown in these figures. Here, a single connecting member 300 is positioned to face the PV solar panel 202 and engages with the Z member 600. The Z-member 600, in this example implementation, includes a wing 606 that fits over a top edge of the connecting member 300, as well as an insert 602 that fits within (and defines) a space 501 between the connecting member 300 and a seam 205 of the metallic panel 204. In some aspects, the seam 205 (shown as an upturned portion of the metallic panel 204) is a portion of a standing seam that is conventionally part of a metallic panel.

[0135] As shown in FIG. 4A, the Z member 600 includes a leg 604 that extends over the seam 205 (when the Z member 600 is positioned as shown) and abuts or is adjacent to the metallic panel 204 at a corner in which the seam 205 extends. The leg 604, therefore, can act to hold themetallic panel 204 downward onto the support surface 350, e.g., in response to a wind load or other force that acts to lift the metallic panel 204 off of the support surface 350.

[0136] As shown in these figures, a fastener 400 is secured over and through the Z member 600 (e.g., through a pre-drilled hole) and to the support surface 350 (in this example, without the washer 500). In this example, multiple fasteners 400 can be installed (e.g., every 1 foot, 2 feet, 3 feet, or other distance as required) to secure the PV solar panel 202 with the metallic panel 204 and to the support surface 350.

[0137] As further shown in FIG. 4A, in this example, sealing tape 850 can be installed in the space 501 between the connecting member 300 and extend underneath the PV solar panel 202 (in a shape or configuration shown in FIG. 8A). And as better shown in FIG. 8A, the sealing tape 850 comprises a flat portion and upturned edges on each end of the flat portion. The upturned edges extend, when installed, within the space 301 and the flat portion wraps underneath connecting member 300 and PV solar panel 202 (between the panel 202 and support surface 350). Although not shown here, sealant (such as a sealing tape like tape 850) can be applied to a portion of the connecting member 300 adjacent the PV solar panel 202 (between the connecting member 300 and the frame or an edge of the PV solar panel 202). Also, although not shown here, a sealant can also be applied to the seam 205 of the metallic panel 204 (against the Z member 600).

[0138] In this example, as shown in FIG. 4A, an edge member 550 is installed at an edge of the PV solar panel 202 orthogonal to the connecting member 300. The edge member 550 includes an edge 552, such as a drip edge 552, as well as an edge 554 that overlaps a portion of the PV solar panel 202 (e.g., to create a secure and, e.g., water-tight seal that prevents or reduces liquid from flowing underneath the PV solar panel 202 and under the edge 554). More sealing tape 560 (e.g., foam sealing tape such as sealing tape 850) can be installed to abut end edges of the connecting members 300, as well as a side of the edge members 550 to ensure watertightness and provide a thermal expansion gap between, e.g., the PV solar panel 202 and metallic panel 204.

[0139] As shown in these figures, in this example implementation, a cap 370 that comprises (in this example) an elongate, U-shaped member, is installed over the connecting member 300 and Z member 600. As shown, the cap 370 includes the curved portion 374 coupled to two legs 372 to form the U-shape. The profile 376 is formed or attached to the inner surface of each leg 372. When installed over the connecting member 300, one of the profiles 376 engages with or snaps over the profile 302 of the connecting member 300, and another of the profiles 376engages with or snaps over a profile 608 of the Z member 600 to secure the cap 370 over the connecting member 300 and Z member 600.

[0140] Generally, the cap 370 prevents or helps prevent moisture from infiltrating the space 501 (as well as, for instance, between the PV solar panel 202 and metallic panel 204 and the support surface 350). As further shown in FIG. 4B, an insert 420 can be installed within a space defined by the curved portion 374 and at least portions of the legs 372. The insert 420, in some aspects, can be formed of a waterproof or sealing material to prevent or help prevent moisture from reaching the space 301. In some aspects, the insert 420 can also provide insulative properties. In some aspects, the insert 420 can also provide additional structural rigidity to the cap 370. The insert 420 can be installed along portions of the cap 370 or an entire length of the cap 370 (or even extending out from under the cap 370 to provide an overlap to make an inter-cap gap waterproof).

[0141] As shown in FIG. 4B, in situations in which the PV solar panel 202 is positioned adjacent at a side to one metallic panel 204, and at an end to another metallic panel 204, a connecting member 700 can be installed. Thus, connecting member 700 can be used to connect or couple two metallic panels 204 in a side-by side arrangement, as well as used in a transition from a PV solar panel 202 below or above (within the barrier 200) to a metallic panel 204. In this example implementation, the connecting member 700 is a U shaped member that includes two legs 704, which each resemble or is identical to the leg 604 of the Z member 600. Thus, much like the leg 604, the legs 704 act to abut or otherwise prevent upward movement of metallic panels 204 away from the support surface 350 (e.g., in response to a wind or other load).

[0142] Also, similar to insert 602, the connecting member 700 includes an insert 706 that resides in and defines a space between side-by-side seams 205 of metallic panels 204. Profile 702 of connecting member 700, much like profile 608 of the Z member 600, can engage respective profiles 376 of a cap 370 to cover a top surface of the connecting member 700. Although not shown here, fasteners 400 can be installed through the top surface of the connecting member 700 and into a support surface 350 (much like as shown in FIG. 4A for the Z member 600).

[0143] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of another portion of a frame assembly used to couple two, similar barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure. Generally, FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200 that includes two composite panels 206 coupled side-by-side in the barrier 200, which, in some aspects, is similar to the process of 1coupling together two PV solar panels 202 in a side-by-side configuration. FIG. 5 shows an isometric view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200. FIG. 3B shows a second isometric view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200.

[0144] Composite panels 206 are positioned on a support surface 350 (such as roof battens or a planar wood surface) and coupled together (and to the support surface 350) with connecting members 300 and a T member 800. As illustrated in this example, the connecting members 300 comprise elongate and rigid (or semi-rigid) members that are profiled to accept an edge of the composite panel 206 (as well as other components). Each connecting member 300 includes the profile 304 under which the composite panel 206 fits into a slot (described with reference to FIGS. 8D and 8E) to create a secure and, e.g., water-tight seal that prevents or reduces liquid from flowing underneath the composite panel 206 (and under the profile 304). T member 800, in this example, is an elongate and rigid or semi-rigid member that includes wings 802 and an insert 804. As shown, the wings 802 engage over top edges of the connecting members 300 when installed, while the insert 804 resides in and defines a space 801 between the connecting members 300. Although not shown here, fasteners (such as fasteners 400) can be installed through the top surface of the T member 800 and into the support surface 350 (much like as shown in FIG. 4A for the Z member 600).

[0145] This example implementation of the connecting members 300 also include a profile302 that extends outward and, as explained more fully, provide for the locking location to receive and secure the cap 370. As shown in this example, two connecting members 300 are positioned back-to-back (i.e., with profiles 304 and 302 facing the respective composite panels 206) and each receive an edge of a particular composite panel 206. The space 801 is created between the connecting members 300.

[0146] In an alternative implementation, when coupling composite panels 206 side-by-side as shown in FIG. 5, a T-member 800 may be excluded and fastening assemblies (e.g., fasteners 400 in combination with washers 500) can be used to secure the panels 206 together. The cap 370 can then be installed over the fastening assemblies. Such an alternative implementation can be used, e.g., when the capped seam of the composite panels 206 may not be loaded with roofing accessories.

[0147] Although not shown here, a sealant (such as sealing tape 850), such as a foam or sealing tape, can be installed in the space 801 between the connecting members 300. The sealant can be applied to a portion of the connecting member 300 within the space 801 and wrap underneath connecting member 300 and composite panel 206 (between the panel 206 and support surface 350). In some aspects, the sealant can be applied just at an edge of the barrier 200 where two composite panels 206 are joined (as shown in FIG. 5) or can be applied at various locations, lengthwise, between two connecting members 300 (including along a whole length of each connecting member 300).

[0148] In this example, as shown, an edge member 550 is installed at an edge of the composite panel 206 orthogonal to the connecting members 300 and T member 800. The edge member 550 includes the edge 552 as well as the edge 554 that overlaps a portion of the composite panel 206 (e.g., to create a secure and, e.g., water-tight seal that prevents or reduces liquid from flowing underneath the composite panel 206 and under the edge 554).

[0149] In this example implementation, a cap 370 that comprises (in this example) an elongate, U-shaped member, is installed over the connecting members 300 and T member 800 (and over space 801). As shown, the cap 370 includes the curved portion 374 coupled to two legs 372 to form the U-shape. The profile 376 is formed or attached to an inner surface of each leg 372. When installed over the connecting members 300 and T member 800, the profiles 376 engage with or snap over the profiles 302 of the adjacent connecting members 300 to secure the cap 370 over the connecting members 300, T member 800, and the space 801.

[0150] Generally, the cap 370 prevents or helps prevent moisture from infiltrating the space 801 (as well as, for instance, between the composite panels 206 and the support surface 350). Although not shown here, an insert (such as insert 420) can be installed within a space defined by the curved portion 374 and at least portions of the legs 372. The insert, in some aspects, can be formed of a waterproof or sealing material to prevent or help prevent moisture from reaching the space 801. In some aspects, the insert can also provide insulative properties. In some aspects, the insert can also provide additional structural rigidity to the cap 370. The insert can be installed along portions of the cap 370 or an entire length of the cap 370 in this implementation.

[0151] FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic illustrations of another portion of a frame assembly used to couple two, similar barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier at an edge according to the present disclosure. Generally, FIGS. 6A and 6B show schematic illustrations ofa portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200 that includes a PV solar panel 202 coupled end-to-end with (and interleaved with) an underlayment 213 (that is part of the frame assembly 208) in the barrier 200. Underlayment 213, in some aspects, receives (e.g., fits inside) a bottom portion of a PV solar panel 202, a bottom portion of a composite panel 206, or even under a metallic panel 204 (or other standing seam metal sheet with up bent edges). As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, portions of underlayments 213 that extend from under PV solar panels 202 are coupled together and connected to support surface 350 with one or more fastening assemblies (that comprise washers 500 and fasteners 400).

[0152] FIG. 6A shows a first isometric view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200. FIG. 6B shows a second isometric view of the portion of the barrier 200 and process for constructing the portion of the barrier 200.

[0153] As shown in these figures, two PV solar panels 202 are positioned on a support surface 350 (such as roof battens or a planar wood surface) and coupled together (as is described with reference to FIGS. 3A-3D). As further shown, underlayments 213 are coupled end-to-end with the PV solar panels 202 (and to the support surface 350) with edge members 950. In some aspects, an underlayment 213 can be pre-installed on a PV solar panel 202 (e.g., in a production facility along with other components) and installed together on the support surface 350.

[0154] The edge members 950 (as described more fully with reference to FIG. 8C) include a slot to accept an end edge 209 (e.g., a top edge that will be positioned closest to a ridge of a roof) of the PV solar panels 202 (e.g., of a frame of the PV solar panel 202). The edge members 950 are coupled to the connecting members 300 with fasteners (as also described more fully with reference to FIG. 8C). As shown in these figures, seams 221 of the underlayments 213 are, when the PV solar panels 202 are installed on the support surface 350, adjacent to one another. Optionally (but not required), fastening assemblies, including a washer 500 and fastener 400, can be installed over the adjacent seams 221 of the underlayment 213 (e.g., similar to how the fastening assemblies are installed over adjacent connecting members 300).

[0155] In some aspects, a cap 370 can be installed over the fastening assemblies and connecting members 300 that are installed on the PV solar panels 202. The profiles 376 of the cap 370 can engage the profiles 302 of the connecting members 300 (as previously described) to hold the cap 370 over the connecting members 300. An insert 420 can also be installed, as shown, in the cap 370 as previously described.

[0156] FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a barrier of a building that includes dissimilar panels joined together with a frame assembly according to the present disclosure. As shown in this example, the portion of the barrier 200 includes multiple PV solar panels 202, one metallic panel 204 (as shown, but multiple are possible), and multiple composite panels 206. In some examples, the composite panels 206 can be cut or sized to better fit within the barrier 200 and, for instance, provide a panel where a standard or industry-sized PV solar panel 202 or metallic panel 204 is not available.

[0157] FIGS. 8A-8E are schematic illustrations of exploded views and component views of portions of a frame assembly used to couple barrier panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure. Turning to FIGS. 8A and 8B in particular, these figures show exploded views of a process for assembling a portion of the frame assembly 208 that couples to or at an edge 207 (e.g., a bottom edge furthest from a ridgeline of a roof) of a PV solar panel 202 (e.g., at an edge of the barrier 200). As shown and previously described, connecting members 300 are used to couple to sides 211 of the PV solar panel 202. Each connecting member 300 includes a bore 303 to accept a fastener 750, which couples the connecting member 300 to the edge member 550. The edge member 550 includes a slot 570 that accepts the edge 207 of the PV solar panel 202. As shown in these figures, the fastener 750 can be inserted through the bore 303 and into a bore 556 of the edge member 550 to secure the connecting member 300 to the edge member 550.

[0158] Sealing tape 560 is then installed across or under the drip edge 552 of the edge member 550 to create a fluid seal so to prevent or help prevent moisture from flowing under the PV solar panel 202. Sealing tape 560 also fills a thermal expansion space so to prevent or help prevent moisture from flowing under the PV solar panel 202 and structural damage due to temperature changes. Similarly sealing tape 850 is installed under edge member 550 and extend upward on the sides of connecting members 300.

[0159] Turning to FIG. 8C in particular, this figure shows an exploded view of a process for assembling a portion of the frame assembly 208 that couples an edge 209 (e.g., top edge) of a PV solar panel 202 to an under layment 213. As shown and previously described, connecting members 300 are used to couple to sides 211 of the PV solar panel 202. Each connecting member 300 includes a bore 303 to accept a fastener 750, which couples the connecting member 300 to the edge member 950. The edge member 950 includes a slot 952 that accepts the edge 209 of the PVsolar panel 202. As shown in this figure, the fastener 750 can be inserted through the bore 303 and into a bore 954 of the edge member 950 to secure the connecting member 300 to the edge member 950. The underlayment 213 also includes a bore 219 through a seam 221, which accepts the fastener 750. Thus, the fastener 750, in this example, is inserted through the bore 219, the bore 303, and into the bore 954, to secure the connecting member 300, the edge member 950, and the underlayment 213 to each other.

[0160] FIGS. 8D and 8E show more detailed views of portions of an example implementation of the connecting member 300. As previously described, the connecting member 300 includes a profile 302 that extend at least a portion, lengthwise, along a planar surface of the connecting member 300. The profile 302 can be engaged by a profile 376 of a cap 370 in order to secure the cap 370 to the connecting member 300.

[0161] The connecting member 300 further includes a profile 304 that defines an upper edge of a slot 307 into which an edge (side 211) of a PV solar panel 202 (or an edge of a composite panel 206) is inserted. Like the profile 302, the profile 304 extends at least a portion, lengthwise, along the planar surface of the connecting member 300.

[0162] The connecting member 300 further includes a shelf 306 that defines a lower edge of the slot 307 into which the edge (side 211) of a PV solar panel 202 (or an edge of a composite panel 206) is inserted. The shelf 306 can provide at least some support for the PV solar panel 202 or composite panel 206 that is held by the connecting member 300. Like the profiles 302 and 304, the shelf 306 extends at least a portion, lengthwise, along the planar surface of the connecting member 300.

[0163] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an example method 980 for constructing a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure. Method 980, generally, broadly describes a process for installing and operating barrier 200 or another barrier according to the present disclosure. Method 980 can begin at step 982, which includes installing a frame assembly comprising a plurality of structural members. For example, as described with reference to FIGS. 3A-3D, 4A and 4B, 5, 6A and 6B, and 8A-8E, connecting members, edge members, Z members, T members, and fastening assemblies (among other components) can be installed to provide frame assembly 208. Method 980 can continue at step 984, which includes coupling a plurality of panels together with the frame assembly to form a barrier of a building that defines, e.g., a human-occupiable space.

[0164] In some aspects, steps 982 and 984 are performed at least partially simultaneously in order to complete the barrier. As described, the panels that form the barrier can include one or more of PV solar panels, metallic panels, and composite panels. In some aspects, a sequence of operations in steps 982 and 984 includes: assembling the frame assembly 208 by installing PV solar panels 202 into connecting members 300, edge members 550, and edge members 950 and underlayments 213 with sealing tape or adhesive as necessary; combining the assembled portions of the barrier into modules with fastening assemblies, caps 370, Z members 600, and T members 800; and installing the portions of the barrier 200 onto support surfaces 350 at a building with additional composite panels 206.

[0165] A portion of steps 982 and 984 can be performed in a pre-production facility or a site remote from a building on which the barrier 200 is to be installed. For example, in some aspects, building speed and efficiency is gained by pre-installing one or more components of a portion of the frame assembly onto the PV solar panels 202 prior to delivery of this prefabricated package to a worksite for installation on the support surfaces 350. In an example, preparing a prefabricated package in steps 982 / 984 can include installing connecting members 300 to each side of a PV solar panel 202, as well as attaching an underlayment 213 to the PV solar panel 202 with edge member 950 (as described with reference to FIG. 8C) to form a package of two connecting members 300, edge members 950 and 550, and underlayment 213 (along with the necessary fasteners 750). This package can also include the sealing tape 850 and sealing tape 560 pre-installed as shown in FIG. 8A.

[0166] Thus, such prefabricated packages can be delivered to then be installed on the support surfaces 350 (and capped with caps 370 as described). Connection of these prefabricated packages that include a PV solar panel 202 to other panel types, such as metallic panels 204 and composite panels 206, can occur at the building site (such as on the roof sub-structure or otherwise) with the fastening assemblies (fasteners 400 and washers 500), as well as Z members 600, connecting members 700, and T members 800.

[0167] Method 980 can continue at step 986, which includes operating at least one PV solar panel of the panels to generate direct current electrical power in response to receiving solar energy. For example, as described, the PV solar panels as part of the barrier 200 can be electrically coupled to provide DC electrical power in response to the receipt of solar energy. The DCelectrical power can be inverted to AC electrical power (or converted to another DC power stream, or both) and controlled to provide electrical power to, e.g., the building.

[0168] FIGS. 10A-10G represent an exploded view of an example implementation of a PV solar panel assembly according to the present disclosure. As shown in these figures, the PV solar panel 202 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 2B) can be installed (or pre-installed prior to transport to a building site) with one or more portions of a frame assembly to construct a PV solar panel package (or assembly) 1001 as shown in FIG. 10A. Generally, FIGS. 10A-10G show the PV solar panel package 1001, which includes a PV solar panel 202 with one or more portions of a frame assembly installed thereto.

[0169] In this example implementation, the one or more portions of a frame assembly includes, for example, one or more frame plates 1008, an overlap 1000, and connecting members 300 (with its side profile shown in FIG. 10F). In this example of the PV solar panel package 1001, frame plates 1008 are installed (e.g., with adhesive or otherwise) on both top and bottom edges of the PV solar panel 202 and under a bottom of the PV solar panel 202 (e.g., adjacent backsheet 201 e, which can be a bottom glass panel 201 e). Generally, each frame plate 1008 is a rectangular and flat member that has a length about the same width of the PV solar panel 202 and a width of one to several inches (e.g., 1.2 inches). In some aspects, the width of the frame plate 1008 is the same dimension as the overlap 1000 extends under the PV solar panel 202, and provides a surface for attaching (e.g., with adhesive) the overlap 1000 to the underside of the PV solar panel 202.

[0170] The overlap 1000 (shown in FIG. 10C) can be installed (e.g., with adhesive or otherwise) to the frame plate 1008 that is installed on a top edge of the PV solar panel 202 (with “top” referring to a short edge of the PV solar panel 202 closest to a ridge of, e.g., a roof). As shown in FIGS. 10C and 10D, the overlap 1000 includes a flat portion 1004 and upturned side portions 1002 (e.g., bent orthogonally to the flat portion 1004). In this example, each upturned side 1002 includes one or more (and in this example, two) tabs 1006. FIG. 10D shows the tabs 1006 in a locked, or bent down, position; prior to installation to form the PV solar panel package 1001, the tabs 1006 can be in an unlocked, or upright position.

[0171] FIGS. 10B and 10E show the overlap 1000 installed under the frame plate 1008 on the top edge of the PV solar panel 202, with connecting members 300 installed (as previously described) onto side edges of the PV solar panel 202. Once installed, the tabs 1006 on each upturned side portion 1004 of the overlap 1000 can be bent downward (to the locked position) tolock or help lock the overlap 1000, the frame plate 1008, and the connecting members 300 to the PV solar panel 202. FIG. 10G illustrates a frame plate 1008 installed on a bottom edge of the PV solar panel 202, along with one of the connecting members 300 installed on a side edge of the PV solar panel 202.

[0172] FIGS. 11 A and 1 IB are schematic illustrations of an exploded view of a portion of an example implementation of a PV solar panel assembly according to the present disclosure. For example, these figures show an example process of installing one or more frame assembly portions on the PV solar panel 202 to form the PV solar panel assembly 1001 as described with reference to FIGS. 10A-10G. FIG. 11A shows a top end of the PV solar panel 202, where a frame plate 1008 and the overlap 1000 are installed on the bottom side of the PV solar panel 202. In this example, sealant 1010, such as an adhesive strip 1010, is installed between the bottom side of the PV solar panel 202 and the frame plate 1008. Another adhesive strip 1010 is installed between the frame plate 1008 and the overlap 1000. When pressed together, the PV solar panel 202, the frame plate 1008, and the overlap 1000 form a portion of the PV solar panel assembly 1001 with the adhesive strips 1010.

[0173] FIG. 1 IB shows a bottom end of the PV solar panel 202, where a frame plate 1008 is installed on the bottom side of the PV solar panel 202. In this example, sealant 1010, such as another adhesive strip 1010, is installed between the bottom side of the PV solar panel 202 and the frame plate 1008. When pressed together, the PV solar panel 202 and the frame plate 1008 form a portion of the PV solar panel assembly 1001 with the adhesive strip 1010.

[0174] FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic illustrations of another portion of an example implementation of a PV solar panel assembly according to the present disclosure. For example, these figures show one or more frame assembly portions on the PV solar panel 202 to form the PV solar panel assembly 1001 as described with reference to FIGS. 10A-10G. As shown in FIG. 12 A, at the top edge, the PV solar panel 202 is set within the connecting member 300 (on each side, or long edge, of the panel 202). The frame plate 1008 is coupled (e.g., adhesively) to a bottom side of the PV solar panel 202, while the overlap 1000 is coupled (e.g., adhesively) to the frame plate 1008. The upturned side portion 1004 wraps around the connecting member 300 so that the tabs 1006 can be “locked,” or bent downward over the top edge of the connecting member 300. As shown in FIG. 12B, at the bottom edge, the PV solar panel 202 is set within the connecting member300 (on each side, or long edge, of the panel 202). The frame plate 1008 is coupled (e.g., adhesively) to a bottom side of the PV solar panel 202.

[0175] The example implementation of the PV solar panel assembly 1001 shown in the foregoing figures can include several features that are distinct from, for example, the example implementation shown in FIGS. 8E-8E. For example, the assembly 1001 can be constructed without screws or other fasteners. The connecting members 300 are attached around to the PV solar panel 202 only on the long edges with, e.g., a silicon adhesive. The frame plates 1008 (e.g., made of aluminum) are attached on the bottom glass 201 e and aligned with short edges of the panel 202 to create a level surface with the attached connecting member 300. The overlap 1000 is attached, e.g., with silicone adhesive, on a top edge of the PV solar panel 202. The tabs 1006 of the overlap 1000 are locked around connecting members 300 by bending down the protruding tabs 1006 (i.e., instead of screws or other fasteners). In some aspects, however, the underlayment 213 can also be installed in a similar fashion as that described with respect to adhesive bonding, but is also installed with screws or other fasteners rather than secured with tabs (such as tabs 1006).

[0176] In attaching the PV solar panel assembly 101 to a support structure (e.g., to form a roof or facade), similar components and installation process can be used as described with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B, as well as described with reference to FIGS. 13A-13F. For instance, washers 500 and fasteners 400 can be used to lock the connecting members 300 into place, and a standing seam resemblance can be achieved with a cap 370. Seals, as previously described, can be added to overlapping regions (e.g., between side-by-side PV solar panel assemblies 1001) to improve or create a watertight seal.

[0177] FIGS. 13A-13F are schematic illustrations of a process for assembling a portion of a barrier with multiple PV solar panel assemblies according to the present disclosure. Turning first to FIG. 13 A, a PV solar panel assembly 1001 is placed on a support structure such that a support member 1300 (e.g., a batten 1300) is under and supporting a top portion of the PV solar panel assembly 1001 (including the overlap 1000). If additional sealant is needed (e.g., to prevent fluid ingress), a stripe of appropriate sealant 1302 or a thin, compressible sealing tape 1302, can be applied on the overlap 1000 of the PV solar panel assembly 1001 as shown in FIG. 13B.

[0178] An additional PV solar panel assembly 1001, as shown in FIG. 13C, can then be placed so that the bottom portion of the additional PV solar panel assembly 1001 is carefully placed on top of the overlap 1000 of the previous PV solar panel assembly 1001. The tabs 10006 canprotect the sealant or sealing tape 1302 while inserting the subsequent PV solar panel assembly 1001. Electrical connections, as needed, can be appropriately made between the two PV solar panel assemblies 1001 once coupled together.

[0179] Turning to FIG. 13D, once the two PV solar panel assemblies 1001 are initially coupled, one or both of the assemblies 1001 can be shifted to create a gap 1304 (e.g., about 2 mm or as needed such as for thermal expansion). This can create a slight gap between the PV solar panels 202 of the assemblies 1001. The subsequent PV solar panel assembly 1001 can be pressed firmly down so that it moves below a tab 1007 (shown in FIGS. 10D and 10E and FIG. 12 A) (highlighted in Fig 13C) and the side portions 1004 of the overlap 1000 can click into position.

[0180] When PV solar panel assemblies 1001 are installed side-by-side (rather than top to bottom as just described with reference to FIGS. 13A-13D), the assemblies 1001 can be secured together with washers 500 and fasteners 400 as shown in FIG. 13F. In some aspects, it can be advantageous to ensure that the washers 500 are installed at the overlap 1000 first, with subsequent washers 500 installed elsewhere. When another form of panel (such as metallic 204 or composite 206) is to be installed next to a PV solar panel assembly 1001, such installation can proceed as previously described (e.g., FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 5).

[0181] As shown in FIG. 13F, once the washers 500 and fasteners 400 are installed to couple together side-by-side assemblies 1001 (or other panels), the secured edge can be covered with a cap 370. In some aspects, as needed, a compressible seal can be installed under the cap 370 or along the full column length for an improved water seal.

[0182] FIGS. 14A-14C are schematic illustrations of portions of an example implementation of a composite panel according to the present disclosure. Composite panel 1400 can be used in a barrier system according to the present disclosure in place of, e.g., the composite panel 206 previously described. For example, composite panel 1400 can be used independent of one or more frame components, such as connecting members 300 or edge members 550, when installing the composite panel 1400 onto a support structure and along with other panels, such as PV solar panels 202, PV solar panel assemblies 1001, or metallic panels 204.

[0183] Generally, therefore, 1400 is a frameless, single piece composite panel design that includes milled portions (as described herein) on all four edges to great a final shape with upturned side edges that approximate a profile of connecting members 300. The milled portions can include a rectangular portion of material that is removed from near the top edge, leaving a bottom layer of,e.g., aluminum, and a thin layer of composite filler. The milled portions can also include material removed from the sides of the composite panel 1400 so that the processed edges resemble the side profile of the connecting members 300 once bent upward. The milled portions can include material removed near the bottom edge to create a bottom overlap (e.g., to approximate the edge member 550 and edge 552 as previously shown).

[0184] In some aspects, the milling of the composite panel 1400 can be performed at a site of the building structure (e.g., building 100) using a tabletop milling station and a set of mills. In alternative aspects, the milling of the composite panel 1400 can be performed remote from the building structure at a composite panel processing factory. In some aspects, composite panels 1400 can be transported in a flat shape (e.g., as shown in FIG. 14B) for ease and efficiency. Then, the composite panels 1400 can be bent to a final shape (e.g., as shown in FIG. 14C) prior to installation at a building site.

[0185] Turning to FIG. 14A, the composite panel 1400 includes a rectangular milled portion 1404 at a top edge of the panel 1400. Rectangular milled portion 1404 can extend, as shown, a width of the panel 1400 and, e.g., 1-10 inches in depth. Milled slots 1406 are formed along the two, side edges of the composite panel 1400 and allow for bending of the panel 1400. A top side 1402 is left from the milled portions.

[0186] As shown in FIG. 14B, milled portions 1404 and 1406 remove most of a composite material from the composite panel 1400, leaving the, e.g., aluminum bottom layer. Additional grooves 1408 are formed parallel to the slots 1406 along each side (long) edge of the panel 1400. In some aspects, the grooves 1408 remove some but not all of a composite material, thereby leaving a composite shoulder 1405 between grooves 1408 and 1406. Thus, the grooves 1408 relative to the slots 1406 are shallower (as shown in FIG. 14B). As further shown in FIG. 14B, a ramp 1410 is milled into each edge of the panel 1400.

[0187] FIG. 14B shows the composite panel 1400 in a flat, or pre-installation, form, in which the milled portions as described are formed to leave the top side 1402 and shoulders 1405. FIG. 14C shows the composite panel 1400 in a bent, or finished, form ready for installation. As shown, side edges of the panel 1400 are bent upward at the slots 1406 so that the shoulders 1405 are now adjacent and orthogonal to the top side 1402 of the panel 1400. In bending, the shoulders 1405 therefore fill the slots 1406, leaving the grooves 1408 and ramps 1410 to form a profile on each side edge of the composite panel 1400. In some aspects, this profile defined by the groove1408 and the ramp 1410 is similar or identical to a profile of a connecting member 300, a Z member 300 (on one leg).

[0188] FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a frame assembly used to couple two composite panels together to form a portion of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure. As shown in this figure, two composite panels 1400 can be mounted side-by-side on a support structure to form a portion of a building barrier. Each composite panel 1400 is in a finished form, in which sides of the panel 1400 are bent upward so that the shoulders 1405 are now adjacent and orthogonal to the top side 1402 of the panel 1400. For installation, washers 500 and fasteners 400, or T-members 800, can be used to secure the composite panel 1400 to a support structure and couple the panel 1400 to other panels (such as PV solar panels 202, PV solar panel assemblies 1001, or metallic panels 204). A standing seam resemblance can be achieved with a cap 370, which fits over the fasteners 400 and washers such that profiles 376 lock into the grooves 1408 to secure the cap 370. Seals can be added to the overlapping regions to improve a seal against fluid intrusion.

[0189] FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of a controller or control system for a power generation system as part of a barrier of a building according to the present disclosure. For example, the controller 1600 can be used, for example, as the control system 999.

[0190] The controller 1600 is intended to include various forms of digital computers, such as printed circuit boards (PCB), processors, digital circuitry, or otherwise that is part of a vehicle. Additionally, the system can include portable storage media, such as, Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drives. For example, the USB flash drives may store operating systems and other applications. The USB flash drives can include input / output components, such as a wireless transmitter or USB connector that may be inserted into a USB port of another computing device.

[0191] The controller 1600 includes a processor 1610, a memory 1620, a storage device 1630, and an input / output device 1640. Each of the components 1610, 1620, 1630, and 1640 are interconnected using a system bus 1650. The processor 1610 is capable of processing instructions for execution within the controller 1600. The processor may be designed using any of a number of architectures. For example, the processor 1610 may be a CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computers) processor, a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processor, or a MISC (Minimal Instruction Set Computer) processor.

[0192] In one implementation, the processor 1610 is a single-threaded processor. In another implementation, the processor 1610 is a multi-threaded processor. The processor 1610 is capable of processing instructions stored in the memory 1620 or on the storage device 1630 to display graphical information for a user interface on the input / output device 1640.

[0193] The memory 1620 stores information within the controller 1600. In one implementation, the memory 1620 is a computer- readable medium. In one implementation, the memory 1620 is a volatile memory unit. In another implementation, the memory 1620 is a nonvolatile memory unit.

[0194] The storage device 1630 is capable of providing mass storage for the controller 1600. In one implementation, the storage device 1630 is a computer-readable medium. In various different implementations, the storage device 1630 may be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, a tape device, flash memory, a solid state device (SSD), or a combination thereof.

[0195] The input / output device 1640 provides input / output operations for the controller 1600. In one implementation, the input / output device 1640 includes a keyboard and / or pointing device. In another implementation, the input / output device 1640 includes a display unit for displaying graphical user interfaces.

[0196] In some implementations, the processor 1610 is configured to implement one or more forms of artificial intelligence, such as a machine learning model that employs multiple layers of models to generate an output for a received input. A deep neural network is a deep machine learning model that includes an output layer and one or more hidden layers that each apply a non-linear transformation to a received input to generate an output. In some cases, the neural network may be a recurrent neural network. A recurrent neural network is a neural network that receives an input sequence and generates an output sequence from the input sequence. In particular, a recurrent neural network uses some or all of the internal state of the network after processing a previous input in the input sequence to generate an output from the current input in the input sequence. The machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 can be, for example, a deep-learning neural network or a "very" deep learning neural network. For example, the machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 can be a convolutional neural network or a recurrent network. The machine learning model can have residual connections or dense connections.

[0197] In some implementations, the machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 is an ensemble of models that may include all or a subset of the architectures described above.

[0198] In some implementations, the machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 is a graph neural network (GNN). GNNs are a designed to process data that can be represented in a graph form and feature pairwise message passing to enable iterative updating of node representation of the graph data.

[0199] In some implementations, the machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 can be a feedforward auto-encoder neural network. For example, the machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 can be a three-layer auto-encoder neural network. The machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 may include an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. In some implementations, the neural network has no recurrent connections between layers. Each layer of the neural network may be fully connected to the next, e.g., there may be no pruning between the layers. The neural network may include an optimizer for training the network and computing updated layer weights. In some implementations, the neural network may apply a mathematical transformation, e.g., a convolutional transformation or factor analysis to input data prior to feeding the input data to the network.

[0200] In some implementations, the machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 can be a supervised model. For example, for each input provided to the model during training, the machine learning model can be instructed as to what the correct output should be. The machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 can use batch training, e.g., training on a subset of examples before each adjustment, instead of the entire available set of examples. This may improve the efficiency of training the model and may improve the generalizability of the model. In some implementations, the machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 may be an unsupervised model. For example, the model may adjust itself based on mathematical distances between examples rather than based on feedback on its performance. In some implementations, the machine learning model executed by the processor 1610 can provide suggested additional data that could further improve the output of the machine learning model.

[0201] The features described can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. The apparatus can be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in an information carrier, for example, in a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor; andmethod steps can be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform functions of the described implementations by operating on input data and generating output. The described features can be implemented advantageously in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used, directly or indirectly, in a computer to perform a certain activity or bring about a certain result. A computer program can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0202] Suitable processors for the execution of a program of instructions include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processors of any kind of computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to communicate with, one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, solid state drives (SSDs), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD- ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits).

[0203] To provide for interaction with a user, the features can be implemented on a computer having a display device such as a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) monitor for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device such as a mouse or a trackball by which the user can provide input to the computer. Additionally, such activities can be implemented via touchscreen flat-panel displays and other appropriate mechanisms.

[0204] The features can be implemented in a control system that includes a back-end component, such as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, such as an application server or an Internet server, or that includes a front-end component, such as a client computer having a graphical user interface or an Internet browser, or any combination of them. The components of the system can be connected by any form or medium of digital data communication such as a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), peer-to-peer networks (having ad-hoc or static members), grid computing infrastructures, and the Internet.

[0205] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

[0206] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

[0207] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, example operations, methods, or processes described herein may include more steps or fewer steps than those described. Further, the steps in such exampleoperations, methods, or processes may be performed in different successions than that described or illustrated in the figures. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A barrier system, comprising: a frame assembly comprising a plurality of structural members; and a plurality of panels coupled together with the frame assembly and configured to form a roof or facade of a building that defines a human-occupiable space, the plurality of panels comprising: at least one photovoltaic (PV) panel configured to generate direct current electrical power in response to receiving solar energy; and at least one metallic or composite panel.

2. The barrier system of claim 1, wherein the at least one metallic panel comprises a steel or aluminum sheet metal panel.

3. The barrier system of either one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one PV solar panel comprises a first PV solar panel and a second PV solar panel, and the plurality of structural members comprise: a first connecting member comprising a first profile configured to couple to a side of the first PV solar panel; a second connecting member comprising the first profile configured to couple to a side of the second PV solar panel; and a plurality of fastening assemblies, each of the fastening assemblies comprising: a washer comprising a first wing configured to couple to a top edge of the first connecting member and a second wing configured to couple to a top edge of the second connecting member, and a fastener configured to attach the washer to at least one support structure to form a portion of the roof or facade with the first PV solar panel immediately adjacent the second PV solar panel.

4. The barrier system of claim 3, wherein the plurality of structural members comprises a cap comprising a first profile edge configured to couple to a protrusion of the first connecting member and a second profile edge configured to couple to a protrusion of the second connecting member.

5. The barrier system of claim 3, comprising: a first portion of an adhesive sealing tape attached to the first connecting member and an underside of the first PV solar panel; and a second portion of the adhesive sealing tape attached to the second connecting member and an underside of the second PV solar panel.

6. The barrier system of claim 4, wherein the cap comprises a u-shaped member with each of the first and second profile edges located on opposing legs of the u-shaped member.

7. The barrier system of claim 6, comprising a filler configured to fill a space defined at least in part by a u-bend of the u-shaped member.

8. The barrier system of claim 7, wherein the filler comprises a compressible seal with low water permeability.

9. The barrier system of claim 3, wherein the at least one PV solar panel comprises a third PV solar panel, and the plurality of structural members comprise: a third connecting member comprising a Z-profile configured to couple to the third PV solar panel and an edge of the metallic panel; and a plurality of fasteners configured to attach the third connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the third PV solar panel immediately adjacent the metallic panel.

10. The barrier system of claim 9, comprising another cap comprising the first profile edge configured to couple to a first protrusion of the third connecting member and a second profile edge configured to couple to a second protrusion of the third connecting member.

11. The barrier system of claim 9, wherein the composite panel is a first composite panel, and the plurality of panels comprises a second composite panel.

12. The barrier system of claim 11, wherein the first and second composite panels comprise an aluminum composite or a laminated aluminum.

13. The barrier system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of structural members comprises: another first connecting member comprising the first profile configured to fit into the first composite panel; another second connecting member comprising the first profile configured to fit into the second composite panel; a fourth connecting member comprising a T-profile configured to couple to a top edge of the another first connecting member and to a top edge of the another second connecting member; and another plurality of fasteners configured to attach the fourth connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the fourth PV solar panel immediately adjacent the composite panel.

14. The barrier system of claim 3, wherein the plurality of structural members comprises a bottom edge member comprising: a side groove configured to receive a bottom edge of the first PV solar panel; a bottom profile comprising: a first opening configured to receive a first edge fastener through the first connecting member and into the bottom profile to secure the bottom edge member to the first connecting member and the first PV solar panel, and a second opening configured to receive a second edge fastener through the second connecting member and into the bottom profile to secure the bottom edge member to the second connecting member and the first PV solar panel; and a drip edge opposite the side groove.

15. The barrier system of claim 14, comprising an underlayment panel that includes a first upturned edge comprising a first hole and a second upturned edge comprising a second hole, and the plurality of structural members comprises: a top edge member comprising a side groove configured to receive a top edge of the first PV solar panel; and a bore comprising: a first opening configured to receive a third edge fastener through the first connecting member, through the first hole, and into the bore to secure the top edge member to the underlayment panel, the first connecting member, and the first PV solar panel, and a second opening configured to receive a fourth edge fastener through the second connecting member, through the second hole, and into the bore to secure the top edge member to the underlayment panel, the second connecting member, and the first PV solar panel.

16. The barrier system of any one of the previous claims, wherein the at least one PV solar panel comprises a plurality of PV solar panels, the system comprising an electrical circuit configured to electrically couple the plurality of PV solar panels together in series or parallel.

17. The barrier system of claim 16, wherein the electrical circuit comprises at least one inverter configured to convert the direct current electrical power to alternating current electrical power.

18. The barrier system of any one of the previous claims, wherein the at least one PV solar panel comprises a frameless PV solar panel.

19. The barrier system of claim 18, wherein the plurality of structural members comprise: a first frame plate coupled to a top end of the frameless PV solar panel; a second frame plate coupled to a bottom end of the frameless PV solar panel; an overlap coupled to the top end of the frameless PV solar panel by the first frame plate; a first connecting member comprising a first profile configured to couple to a side of the frameless PV solar panel; and a second connecting member comprising the first profile configured to couple to a side of the frameless PV solar panel.

20. The barrier system of claim 19, wherein the first and second frame plate are coupled to a bottom glass layer of the frameless PV solar panel with an adhesive.

21. The barrier system of claim 20, wherein the overlap is coupled to the first frame plate with the adhesive.

22. The barrier system of any one of claims 19-21, wherein the overlap comprises a flat portion and upturned side portions coupled to the flat portion.

23. The barrier system of claim 22, wherein each upturned side portion comprises at least one tab configured to bend over a portion of one of the first or second connecting members to lock the first or second connecting member with the frameless PV solar panel.

24. The barrier system of claim 1, wherein the composite panel comprises a plurality of milled portions.

25. The barrier system of claim 24, wherein the plurality of milled portions comprise: a first milled portion at a top edge of the composite panel that extends a width of the composite panel; slots milled along each side edge of the composite panel; grooves milled along each side edge of the composite panel parallel to the slots; and ramps milled at each side edge of the composite panel.

26. The barrier system of claim 25, wherein shoulder portions are defined between the slots and the grooves.

27. The barrier system of claim 25, wherein the slots define bend locations of the composite panel such that the side edges of the composite panel are configured to bend upward to recess the shoulder portions in the slots.

28. A method of constructing a barrier for a building, comprising: installing a frame assembly comprising a plurality of structural members; and coupling a plurality of panels together with the frame assembly to form a roof or facade of a building that defines a human-occupiable space, the coupling comprising: coupling, with the frame assembly, at least one photovoltaic (PV) panel to at least one metallic or composite panel.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one metallic panel comprises a steel or aluminum sheet metal panel.

30. The method of either one of claims 28 or 29, wherein the at least one PV solar panel comprises a first PV solar panel and a second PV solar panel, and the method comprises: coupling a first connecting member with the first PV solar panel by coupling a first profile of the first connecting member to a side of the first PV solar panel; coupling a second connecting member with the second PV solar panel by coupling a first profile of the second connecting member to a side of the second PV solar panel; and securing the first and second connecting members to at least one support structure to form a portion of the roof or facade with the first PV solar panel immediately adjacent the second PV solar panel, the securing comprising: coupling at least one washer of a fastening assembly to respective top edges of the first and second connecting members, and securing the at least one washer to the first and second connecting members with a fastener that connects the washer to the at least one support structure.

31. The method of claim 30, comprising securing a cap over the first and second connecting members by engaging a first profile edge of the cap over a protrusion of the first connecting member and engaging a second profile edge of the cap over a protrusion of the second connecting member.

32. The method of claim 31, comprising: applying a first portion of an adhesive sealing tape to the first connecting member and an underside of the first PV solar panel; and applying a second portion of the adhesive sealing tape to the second connecting member and an underside of the second PV solar panel.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the cap comprises a u-shaped member with each of the first and second profile edges located on opposing legs of the u-shaped member.

34. The method of claim 33, comprising installing a filler into a space defined at least in part by a u-bend of the u-shaped member.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the filler comprises at least one of EDPM or PVC foam.

36. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least one PV solar panel comprises a third PV solar panel, and the method comprises: coupling a third connecting member comprising a Z-profile to the third PV solar panel and to a portion of an edge of the metallic panel; and securing the third connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the third PV solar panel immediately adjacent the metallic panel with a plurality of fasteners.

37. The method of claim 36, comprising securing another cap over the first and second connecting members by engaging a first profile edge of the another cap over a first protrusion of the third connecting member and engaging a second profile edge of the another cap over a second protrusion of the third connecting member.

38. The method of claim 36, wherein the composite panel is a first composite panel, and the plurality of panels comprises a second composite panel.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the first and second composite panels comprise at least one of an aluminum composite or a laminated aluminum.

40. The method of claim 38, comprising: coupling another first connecting member with the first composite panel by inserting a first profile of the another first connecting member into the first composite panel; coupling another second connecting member with the second composite panel by inserting a first profile of the another second connecting member into the second composite panel; coupling a fourth connecting member comprising a T-profile to a top edge of the another first connecting member and to a top edge of the another second connecting member; and securing, with another plurality of fasteners, the fourth connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the first composite panel immediately adjacent the second composite panel.

41. The method of claim 30, comprising: coupling a bottom edge member to a bottom edge of the first PV solar panel by engaging the bottom edge with a side groove of the bottom edge member; securing the first connecting member into a bottom profile of the bottom edge member with a first edge fastener to secure the bottom edge member to the first connecting member and the first PV solar panel; and securing the second connecting member into the bottom profile of the bottom edge member with a second edge fastener to secure the bottom edge member to the second connecting member and the first PV solar panel.

42. The method of claim 41, comprising: coupling a top edge member to a top edge of the first PV solar panel by engaging the top edge with a side groove of the top edge member; securing the first connecting member to the top edge member, the first PV solar panel, and an underlayment panel with a third edge fastener; and securing the second connecting member to the top edge member, the first PV solar panel, and the underlayment panel with a fourth edge fastener.

43. The method of any one of the previous claims 28-42, wherein the at least one PV solar panel comprises a plurality of PV solar panels, the method comprising installing an electrical circuit to electrically couple the plurality of PV solar panels together in series or parallel.

44. The method of claim 43, comprising converting the direct current electrical power to alternating current electrical power with at least one inverter.

45. The method of any one of the previous claims 28-44, wherein the at least one PV solar panel comprises a frameless PV solar panel.

46. The method of any one of the previous claims 28-45, comprising operating the at least one PV solar panel to generate direct current electrical power in response to receiving solar energy.

47. The method of claim 38, comprising: coupling a fourth connecting member to upturned sides of the first and second composite panels; and securing, with another plurality of fasteners, the fourth connecting member to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the first composite panel immediately adjacent the second composite panel.

48. The method of claim 38, comprising: engaging, with another plurality of fasteners, upturned sides of the first and second composite panels to couple the first composite panel to and immediately adjacent the second composite panel; and securing, with the another plurality of fasteners, the first and second composite panels to at least one support structure to form another portion of the roof or facade with the first composite panel immediately adjacent the second composite panel.

49. The method of either one of claims 47 or 48, comprising securing a cap over the first and second composite panels by engaging a first profile edge of the cap over a side profile of the first composite panel and engaging a second profile edge of the cap over a side profile of the second composite panel.

50. A photovoltaic (PV) solar panel package, comprising: a frameless PV solar panel formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers comprising at least one glass panel, at least one encapsulant panel, and at least one PV cell panel; a frame assembly coupled to the frameless PV solar panel and configured to facilitate attachment of the package to a support surface of a building, the frame assembly comprising a plurality of framing members comprising: a first connecting member coupled to a first side of the frameless PV solar panel, a second connecting member coupled to a second side of the frameless PV solar panel opposite the first side, and a third connecting member coupled to an end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; an underlayment panel coupled to the frameless PV solar panel with the first and second connecting members; and at least one portion of sealing tape applied to the frame assembly.

51. The PV solar panel package of claim 50, wherein the plurality of layers comprises a backsheet layer.

52. The PV solar panel package of either one of claims 50 or 51, wherein the at least one glass panel comprises a first glass panel and a second glass panel.

53. The PV solar panel package of any one of the previous claims 50-52, wherein the at least one encapsulant panel comprises a first encapsulant panel and a second encapsulant panel.

54. The PV solar panel package of any one of the previous claims 50-53, wherein each of the first and second connecting members comprises: a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf and configured to receive the respective first or second sides of the frameless PV solar panel; and a second profile configured to couple to a cap at the building.

55. The PV solar panel package of any one of the previous claims 50-54, wherein the third connecting member comprises: a slot configured to receive the end of the frameless PV solar panel; and a bore configured to align with at least one hole formed on a side edge of the underlayment and receive at least one fastener through the at least one hole and into the bore to couple the underlayment to the third connecting member and the frameless PV solar panel.

56. The PV solar panel package of claim 55, wherein the first and second connecting members each comprise at least one aperture configured to receive the at least one fastener through the at least one hole, through the at least one aperture, and into the bore to couple the underlayment, the first and second connecting members, the third connecting member, and the frameless PV solar panel together.

57. The PV solar panel package of claim 55, wherein the end comprises a first end, the package comprising a fourth connecting member coupled to a second end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides and opposite the first end, the fourth connecting member comprising: a slot configured to receive the second end of the frameless PV solar panel; and a bore configured to align with at least one aperture in each of the first and second connecting members and configured to receive the at least one fastener through the apertures, and into the bore to couple the first and second connecting members, the fourth connecting member, and the frameless PV solar panel together.

58. A method of constructing a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel package, comprising: coupling a first connecting member of a frame assembly to a first side of a frameless PV solar panel formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers comprising at least one glass panel, at least one encapsulant panel, and at least one PV cell panel; coupling a second connecting member of the frame assembly to a second side of the frameless PV solar panel opposite the first side, the frame assembly configured to facilitate attachment of the PV solar panel package to a support surface of a building coupling a third connecting member to an end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; coupling an underlayment panel to the frameless PV solar panel with the first and second connecting members; and applying at least one portion of sealing tape to the frame assembly.

59. The method of claim 58, wherein the plurality of layers comprises a backsheet layer.

60. The method of either one of claims 58 or 59, wherein the at least one glass panel comprises a first glass panel and a second glass panel.

61. The method of any one of the previous claims 58-60, wherein the at least one encapsulant panel comprises a first encapsulant panel and a second encapsulant panel.

62. The method of any one of the previous claims 58-61, comprising: inserting the first side of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf of the first connecting member; and inserting the second side of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf of the second connecting member.

63. The method of any one of the previous claims 58-62, comprising: inserting the end of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot of the third connecting member; aligning a bore of the third connecting member with at least one hole formed on each side edge of the underlayment; and attaching a fastener through the at least one hole on each side edge and into the bore to couple the underlayment to the third connecting member and the frameless PV solar panel.

64. The method of claim 63, comprising: attaching the fastener through an aperture on each of the first and second connecting members to couple the underlayment, the first and second connecting members, the third connecting member, and the frameless PV solar panel together.

65. The method of any one of claims 58-64, wherein the end comprises a first end, the method comprising: coupling a fourth connecting member to a second end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides and opposite the first end.

66. The method of claim 65, comprising: inserting the second end of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot of the fourth connecting member; aligning a bore of the fourth connecting member with at least one aperture in each of the first and second connecting members; and attaching at least one fastener through each of the apertures and into the bore to couple the first and second connecting members, the fourth connecting member, and the frameless PV solar panel together.

67. A photovoltaic (PV) solar panel package, comprising: a frameless PV solar panel formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers comprising at least one glass panel, at least one encapsulant panel, and at least one PV cell panel; a frame assembly coupled to the frameless PV solar panel and configured to facilitate attachment of the package to a support surface of a building, the frame assembly comprising a plurality of framing members comprising: a first connecting member coupled to a first side of the frameless PV solar panel, a second connecting member coupled to a second side of the frameless PV solar panel opposite the first side, and an overlap coupled to a top end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; and at least one portion of adhesive applied to the frame assembly.

68. The PV solar panel package of claim 67, wherein the plurality of layers comprises a backsheet layer.

69. The PV solar panel package of either one of claims 67 or 68, wherein the at least one glass panel comprises a first glass panel and a second glass panel.

70. The PV solar panel package of any one of the previous claims 67-69, wherein the at least one encapsulant panel comprises a first encapsulant panel and a second encapsulant panel.

71. The PV solar panel package of any one of the previous claims 67-70, wherein each of the first and second connecting members comprises: a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf and configured to receive the respective first or second sides of the frameless PV solar panel; and a second profile configured to couple to a cap at the building.

72. The PV solar panel package of any one of the previous claims 67-71, wherein the overlap comprises: a flat portion; a first upturned side portion coupled to the flat portion at a first end; and a second upturned side portion coupled to the flat portion at a second end opposite the first end.

73. The PV solar panel package of claim 72, wherein each upturned side portion comprises at least one tab configured to bend over a portion of one of the first or second connecting members to lock the first or second connecting member with the frameless PV solar panel.

74. The PV solar panel package of any one of claims 67-73, wherein the plurality of framing members comprise: a first frame plate coupled to the top end of the frameless PV solar panel; and a second frame plate coupled to a bottom end of the frameless PV solar panel, the first and second frame plates coupled to the at least one glass panel with the adhesive.

75. The PV solar panel package of claim 74, wherein the overlap is coupled to the first frame plate and the first and second connecting members with the adhesive.

76. A method of constructing a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel package, comprising: coupling a first connecting member of a frame assembly to a first side of a frameless PV solar panel formed of a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers comprising at least one glass panel, at least one encapsulant panel, and at least one PV cell panel; coupling a second connecting member of the frame assembly to a second side of the frameless PV solar panel opposite the first side, the frame assembly configured to facilitate attachment of the PV solar panel package to a support surface of a building coupling an overlap to a top end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; and applying at least one portion of adhesive to the frame assembly.

77. The method of claim 76, wherein the plurality of layers comprises a backsheet layer.

78. The method of either one of claims 76 or 77, wherein the at least one glass panel comprises a first glass panel and a second glass panel.

79. The method of any one of the previous claims 76-78, wherein the at least one encapsulant panel comprises a first encapsulant panel and a second encapsulant panel.

80. The method of any one of the previous claims 76-79, comprising: inserting the first side of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf of the first connecting member; and inserting the second side of the frameless PV solar panel into a slot defined by a first profile and a shelf of the second connecting member.

81. The method of any one of the previous claims 76-79, wherein coupling the overlap comprises: attaching a flat portion of the overlap to the top end of the frameless PV solar panel between the first and second sides; overlapping the first connecting member with a first upturned side portion of the overlap; overlapping the second connecting member with a second upturned side portion of the overlap; and securing the first and second connecting members to the frameless PV solar panel by bending at least one tab on each of the first and second upturned side portions of the overlap over a portion of the respective first or second connecting members.

82. The method of any one of the previous claims 76-81, comprising: coupling a first frame plate to the top end of the frameless PV solar panel; and coupling a second frame plate coupled to a bottom end of the frameless PV solar panel, the first and second frame plates coupled to the at least one glass panel with the adhesive.

83. The method of claim 82, comprising coupling the overlap to the first frame plate and the first and second connecting members with the adhesive.