Resonant frequency detection for algae control system

Abstract

Apparatus for a resonance detection system (100) that determines resonance of bio-organisms (116) in a body of water (114). A controller (402) causes a transducer (104) to emit ultrasonic waves (108) at multiple frequencies. In one embodiment, a sensor (106) measures the amplitude of reflected ultrasonic waves (108). In another embodiment, the sensor (106) is positioned away from the transducer (104-1) and measures the amplitude of those ultrasonic waves (108). The controller (402) performs a trend analysis (1112) of the measured data to determine a resonant frequency (302-2). After determining a resonant frequency (302-2), the controller (402) causes the transducer (104) to emit ultrasonic waves (108) at the resonant frequency (302-2). In one embodiment, a global positioning system (408) provides geographic location and direction information for determining the location of any detected algae blooms (116).

Description

TITLEResonant frequency detection for algae control systemCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 548,564, filed February 1, 2024, and hereby incorporated by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] 1. Field of Invention

[0003] This invention pertains to a system for determining the resonant frequency for waterborne algae and other bio-organisms. More particularly, this invention pertains to detecting a resonant frequency of algae and bio-organisms in order to control the proliferation of the algae and bio-organisms in a body of water.

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] An algae control system emits ultrasonic sound pressure frequency waves at frequencies that are lethal to bio-organisms and is averse to colonization of some microorganisms, such as biofilm. The ultrasonic frequencies are emitted at frequencies matching or close to matching the structural resonance of key components within algae such as the vacuole, internal cell structures, and mobility components such as flagella, thereby killing the organisms or incapacitating them. To achieve critical structural resonance, an exacting frequency is needed to be applied to a variety of species of algae and, therefore, a spectrum of frequencies, for example 20kHz to 120kHz, is created in discrete frequencies such as every 100Hz between 20kHz and 120kHz resulting in 1000 discrete frequencies. If each discrete frequency is produced once per second, 1000 seconds is needed before the pattern of frequency production is repeated. It may be that only one of the 1000 frequencies is effective in achieving critical structural resonance. Generally, not all of the organisms in a harmful algal bloom (HAB) or colony will be disabled during a single sweep. If the sweeps are too far apart, the HAB or colony will survive and grow enough to reestablish the losses occurring during a single sweep. Increasing the number of frequencies produced per second will subject the HAB or colony to enough killing or incapacitating events to prevent the HAB or colony from surviving.

[0006] It is advantageous to emit ultrasonic waves at a frequency matching the natural critical structural frequency of the organisms, their internal structure, and mobility mechanisms, such as their flagella and vacuoles, that are targeted in the body of water. Accordingly, the resonant frequency detection system determines the natural critical structural frequency of the bio-organisms in the water. After the resonant frequency is detected, the algae control system is adjusted to emit ultrasonic waves at the frequency determined to match the natural critical structural frequency.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an algae control system that includes a system for resonant frequency detection of waterborne algae is provided. In one such embodiment, the system includes an ultrasonic transducer assembly and a remote sensor. In another such embodiment, the system includes an ultrasonic transducer assembly and a local sensor positioned near the transducer. The transducer emits ultrasonic waves that are received by the sensor, either directly or by reflection. When the frequency of the emitted ultrasonic wave matches the natural critical structural frequency of the bio-organisms in the water, the energy in the ultrasonic wave is absorbed by the bio-organisms. The energy absorption at resonance results in a dip in the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves received by the sensor, compared to the amplitude at other frequencies.

[0008] In one embodiment, the resonance detection system includes at least one local controller, a transducer assembly, and a sensor assembly. The transducer assembly includes one or more ultrasonic transducers configured to emit ultrasonic waves at various frequencies into the body of water. The sensor assembly includes one or more sensors responsive to ultrasonic waves. In one embodiment, multiple sensors are positioned to provide 360 degree coverage in a plane parallel to the surface of the body of water. In this way, the sensors provide direction information in addition to detection of the resonant frequency of bioorganisms in the body of water. In another embodiment, a single sensor having a cylindrical configuration provides 360 degree coverage under water. In such an embodiment, direction information is determined from identifying the transducer emitting the ultrasonic waves being detected by the sensor. The local controllerincludes a processor that executes the steps for a method of determining the natural resonant frequency of bio-organisms in the water.

[0009] In one embodiment, the resonance detection system includes a global positioning system (GPS) receiver that is aligned with the sonic head. The GPS provides location and direction information that allows for the location of detected algae blooms to be mapped. An algae bloom is detected when resonance is detected in the water. The sonic head includes multiple transducers and / or sensors that provide directional information relative to the sonic head. The GPS uses that directional information to provide geolocation information of the data corresponding to the information from the transducers and / or sensors.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The above-mentioned features will become more clearly understood from the following detailed description read together with the drawings in which:

[0011] FIG. 1 is a symbolic view of one embodiment of an algae control system including a resonance detection system with a remote sensor.

[0012] FIG. 2 is a symbolic view of another embodiment of an algae control system including a resonance detection system with a local sensor.

[0013] FIG. 3 is a frequency response graph showing an example of algae resonance.

[0014] FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of one embodiment of an algae control system including a resonance detection system.

[0015] FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of another embodiment of an algae control system including a resonance detection system.

[0016] FIG. 6 is a side view of the sensor in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7.

[0017] FIG. 7 is an isometric view of one embodiment of a sonic head that includes one embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer assembly and one embodiment of a sensor assembly.

[0018] FIG. 8 is an isometric view of a second embodiment of a sonic head that includes a second embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer assembly and a second embodiment of a sensor assembly.

[0019] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the sensor in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8.

[0020] FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a third embodiment of a sonic head that includes a third embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer assembly and a second embodiment of a sensor assembly.

[0021] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram showing one embodiment of the steps for detecting alga resonance.

[0022] FIG. 12 is a flow diagram showing one embodiment of the steps for detecting and using resonance to control micro-organisms.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Apparatus for an algae control system 10 including a resonance detection system 100 is disclosed. The algae control system is generally indicated as 10, with particular embodiments and variations shown in the figures and described below having an alphabetic suffix, for example, 10-A, 10-B, 10-1, 10-2. The resonance detection system is generally indicated as 100, with particular embodiments and variations shown in the figures and described below having an alphabetic suffix, for example, 100-A, 100-B. Various components are illustrated both generically and specifically in the figures and in the following description. For example, the sonic head 102-1, 102-2, 102-A are discussed individually and separately to ensure clarity when describing the configuration and function of each sonic head 102-1, 102-2, 102-A, 102-B, 102-C. The sonic head 102, when referred to collectively, is referenced without the alphanumeric suffix.

[0024] Positional references, such as top and bottom and horizontal and vertical, refer to the configuration of the resonance detection system 100 as it is deployed for use. For example, vertical is considered to be perpendicular to the surface 112 of the body of water 114 and horizontal is parallel to the surface 112 when the resonance detection system 100 is deployed in the water 114.

[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a symbolic view of one embodiment of an algae control system 10-A including a resonance detection system 100-A with a remote sensor 106-2. The algae control system 10-A including the resonance detection system 100-A is shown deployed in a body of water 114 that contains bioorganisms 116. The resonance detection system 100-A includes a pair of sonic heads 102-1, 102-2 that are submerged in the body of water 114 below the surface 112. The sonic heads 102-1, 102-2 are each suspended from the surface 112 by a raft 110-1, 110-2. The raft 110 is a device that floats on the surface 112 of the body of water 114 and supports the sonic head 102 below the surface 112. In the illustrated embodiment, each sonic head 102-1, 102-2 includes a transmitting transducer 104-1, 104-2 and a receiving sensor 106-1, 106-2. In one embodiment, the raft 110 also supports other equipment, such as a solar array and power supply 406 and / or a GPS receiver 408.

[0026] The first sonic head 102- 1 has a first transmitting transducer 104- 1 that emits ultrasonic waves 108 into the water 114. The ultrasonic waves 108 pass through the water 114 and the bio-organisms 116 in the water 114. The second sonic head 102-2 has a second receiving sensor 106-2 that is responsive to the ultrasonic waves 108-i that have passed through the water 114 and the bioorganisms 116. The ultrasonic waves 108-i received by the sensor 106-2 is attenuated by traveling through the water.

[0027] In one embodiment, the ultrasonic waves 108 emitted by the transducer 104- 1 include a multitude of frequencies, each emitted one frequency at a time. For example, the transducer 104-1 emits individual frequencies in a bandwidth of 20 kHz to 200 kHz, with each frequency emitted for 5 milliseconds. As the ultrasonic waves 108 pass through the water 114 the intensity of the emitted waves 108 is attenuated. The attenuation of the wave 108 is due to several factors, including distance between the transducer 104-1 and the sensor 106-2, debris and material in the water 114, and any absorption by the bio-organisms 116.

[0028] When the emitted frequency matches the natural critical structural frequency of the bio-organisms 116 in the water 114, the energy in the waves 108- i is absorbed by the bio-organisms 116, resulting in a drop in the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves 108-i received by the sensor 106-2, compared to the amplitude detected by the sensor 106-2 at other frequencies.

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a symbolic view of another embodiment of an algae control system 10-B including a resonance detection system 100-B with a local sensor 106-1. The algae control system 10-B including the resonance detection system 100-B is shown deployed in a body of water 114 that contains bioorganisms 116. The resonance detection system 100-B includes a single sonic head 102-1 that is submerged in the body of water 114 below the surface 112. The sonic head 102-1 includes a transmitting transducer 104-1 and a receiving sensor 106-1. The sensor 106-1 is located close to the transducer 104- 1. The sensor 106- 1 is separated and isolated from the transducer 104-1 such that sensor 106-1 is not unduly influenced by the direct emissions from the transducer 104-1.

[0030] The transducer 104-1 emits ultrasonic waves 108 into the water 114. The ultrasonic waves 108 pass through the water 114. A portion of the ultrasonic waves 108-i is reflected by the bio-organisms 116 in the water 114 at frequencies outside of the resonance frequency. That is, the bio-organisms 116 reflect ultrasonic waves 108-i except at the frequency where the ultrasonic waves 108 are absorbed by the bio-organisms 116. The ultrasonic wave frequency where absorption occurs defines the resonant frequency. The reflected waves 108-i are received by the sensor 106-1. As with the system 100-A shown in FIG. 1, the system 100-B detects the natural critical structural frequency of the bio-organisms 116 in the water 114.

[0031] FIG. 3 illustrates a frequency response graph 300 showing an example of algae resonance at a resonant frequency 302-5. The graph 300 shows an x-axis 302 representing the frequency f of the emitted ultrasonic waves 108. The graph 300 shows a y-axis 304 representing the amplitude 306 of the ultrasonic waves 108-i received by the sensor 106.

[0032] The graph 300 shows a plot of data 310 where the data 310 is amplitude 304 versus frequency 302. That is, the graph 300 shows the amplitude 304 of a sensor signal 306 corresponding to the ultrasonic waves 108-i received by the sensor 106 plotted for each frequency 302. For a first ultrasonic wave 108, the sensor signal 306-1 represents the amplitude 304 at a first frequency 302-1. At various other frequencies 302-3, 302-4, 302-6, 302-7 the sensor signal 306-3, 306-4, 306-6, 306-7 has an amplitude 304 that is similar to the first sensor signal 306-1. There is a slight difference in the amplitude 304 of the sensor signal 306-1, 306-3, 306-6, 306-7, which can be caused by debris or other materials in the water 116.

[0033] The sensor signal 306 at each frequency 302 has a representative amplitude 304. The sensor signal 306-1 represents the amplitude 304 at a frequency 302-1. The sensor signal 306-5 has an amplitude 304 that is significantly less than the amplitude 304 of the sensor signals 306-1, 306-3, 306- 6, 306-7 at other frequencies 302. The significant drop in amplitude 304 at the frequency 302-5 of the sensor signal 306-5 indicates that the energy of the ultrasonic waves 108 has been substantially absorbed by the bio-organisms 116 in the water 114. The drop in amplitude 304 is an indication that the resonant frequency of the bio-organisms 116 in the water 114 is at frequency 302-5.

[0034] The sensor signal 306-2 has an amplitude 304 that is slightly lower than the average amplitude 306-avg of the sensor signals 306 at the frequencies 302. If the drop in amplitude 304 is less than a threshold amount, then the frequency 302-2 corresponding to the second sensor signal 306-2 does not indicate a resonant frequency for the bio-organisms 116 in the water 114. If the drop in amplitude 304 is greater than a threshold amount, then the frequency 302-2 corresponding to the second sensor signal 306-2 indicates a resonant frequency (resonant frequency data 310-rf) for the bio-organisms 116 in the water 114. In the illustrated example, second sensor signal 306-2 is only slightly below the average amplitude 306-avg and does not indicate a resonant frequency.

[0035] In one embodiment, the threshold amount is defined as a percentage of the average amplitude 306-avg of the amplitudes 306 at the emitted frequencies 302. In another embodiment, the threshold amount is defined as a percentage of the average amplitude 306-avg of the amplitudes 306 of the frequencies 302 surrounding the low amplitude 306-2, 306-5 data 310.

[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of one embodiment of algae control system 10-1 including a system 100-1. The resonance detection system 100-1 includes a sonic head 102', a power supply 406, a GPS 408, and a remote controller 404. The illustrated sonic head 102 includes a local controller 402, a transducer 104, and a sensor 106. In one embodiment, the power supply, 406, the GPS 408, and any equipment enabling transmission to the remote controller 404 are located in the raft 110 supporting the sonic head 102'.

[0037] The power supply (PS) 406 provides power to the sonic head 102. In various embodiments, the power supply 406 is a solar and / or a battery unit that is located on the raft 110 on the surface 112 or on land near the sonic head 102. For example, the power supply 406 includes a solar panel that feeds a battery charger connected to a battery, all of which are located on or in the raft 110.

[0038] The remote controller 404 is connected to the sonic head 102' either by a wired connection or wirelessly. In one embodiment, the remote controller 404 is connected via the internet. The remote controller 404, in various embodiments, includes a user interface, along with a processor or controller that provides for control of the sonic head 102 remotely.

[0039] The sonic head 102' includes a local controller 402 that is operatively connected to the transducer 104 and the sensor 106. In one embodiment of the system 100-A with a remote sensor 102-2, a first sonic head 102-1 includes a transducer 104-1 and a second sonic head 102-2 includes a sensor 106-2. In such an embodiment, each sonic head 102-1, 102-2 performs a single function, for example, emitting ultrasonic waves 108 and receiving an ultrasonic wave 108-i.

[0040] The local controller 402 includes a computing device that executes programs and includes a processing unit, memory / storage unit, and input / output units for communicating with external devices, such as the remote controller 404, the transducer 104, and the sensor 106. For example, the local controller 402 includes a system-on-a-chip (SOC) in which the processor contains various components that perform the major functions of the processor. In another embodiment, the local controller 402 includes is a specialized device, such as a micro-controller or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that, in conjunction with other components, that implement the functions of the system 100-1.

[0041] In the illustrated embodiment, the GPS 408 is a global positioning system receiver. The GPS 408 is attached to the raft 110. The sonic head 102 is attached to the raft 110 such that the sonic head 102 is held in a fixed position relative to the raft 110. For example, in the embodiments illustrated in FIGS 5 and 6, two support cables, each attached to opposing holes in the upper bracket 522, secure the sonic head 100 to the raft 110. In this way, the GPS 408 determines the location and direction of both the raft 110 and the sonic head 102.

[0042] In one embodiment, a pair of sonic heads 102-1, 102-2 operate in tandem. The first sonic head 102-1 emits ultrasonic waves 108 that are received by a second sonic head 102-2. In such an embodiment, the local controllers 402 of each sonic head 102-1, 102-2 are in communication. The first local controller 402 controlling the frequency and power level of the emitted ultrasonic waves 108. The second local controller 402 monitoring the amplitude of each received frequency of ultrasonic waves 108-i. The received amplitude and frequency are stored and a trend analysis is performed to determine if the micro-organisms 116 in the water 114 are absorbing the energy of the ultrasonic waves 108, thereby indicating the resonant frequency of the micro-organisms 116 in the water 114. An example of a trend analysis is illustrated by the significant drop in amplitude of the signal 306-5 relative to the trend line defined by the amplitude of the signals 306 at adjacent frequencies 302.

[0043] FIG. 5 illustrates functional block diagram of another embodiment of algae control system 10-2 including a system 100-2. The resonance detection system 100-2 includes a sonic head 102", a power supply 406, a GPS 408, and a remote controller 404. The illustrated sonic head 102" includes an ultrasonic transducer assembly 504 and a sensor assembly 506. The ultrasonic transducer assembly 504 and the sensor assembly 506 are connected via a cable 502. In one embodiment, the power supply 406, the GPS 408, and any equipment enabling transmission to the remote controller 404 are located in the raft 110 supporting the sonic head 102".

[0044] The ultrasonic transducer assembly 504 includes a first local controller 402-1 operatively connected to the transducer 104. The first local controller 402-1 communicates with the devices external to the sonic head 102", such as the remote controller 404, the power supply 406, and the GPS 408.

[0045] The sensor assembly 506 includes a second local controller 402-2 operatively connected to the sensor 106. The second local controller 402-2 communicates with the first local controller 402-1 whereby data 310 from the sensor 106 is shared with the second local controller 402-1. In one embodiment, the two controllers 402-1, 402-2 each execute software programs independently with the transducer local controller 402-1 receiving data 310 from the sensor controller 402-2 for execution of software programs.

[0046] FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of the sensor 106-A, such as the sensors 106-A, 106-B illustrated in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 8s 10. The sensor 106-A includes a piezoelectric element 608 electrically connected to a cable or conductors 602. The sensor 106-A is sensitive to ultrasonic waves 108-i directed toward the forward face 610 of the sensor 106-A. The piezoelectric element 608 is configured to be deployed in water 114. In one embodiment, the piezoelectric element 608 is encapsulated in a protective covering such that the piezoelectric element 608 is isolated from the water 114.

[0047] The sensor 106-A includes a sealing washer 606 and a plug 604. The sealing washer 606 and the plug 604 provide a seal between the sensor 106-A and the housing 516-A, 526-C from which the sensor 106-A protrudes. In one embodiment, the sealing washer 606 and the plug 604 are formed of a resilient elastomeric material that provides a water-tight seal between the piezoelectric element 608 and the disc 516 or the housing 516-A, 526-C.

[0048] The sensor 106-A is isolated from mechanical vibrations originating in the sonic head 102. In one embodiment, the washer 606 and plug 604 are made from an elastomeric material that attenuates the mechanical vibrations from the sonic head 102. In this way, the sensor 106-A is primarily responsive to ultrasonic waves 108-i directed toward the forward face 610 of the sensor 106-A.

[0049] In one embodiment, the sealing washer 606 is adhered to the outside surface of the housing 516-A, 526-C such that the sensor 106-A is secured to the housing 516-A, 526-C and the opening into the housing 516-A, 526-C is sealed from water intrusion. In another embodiment, the plug 604 has an external thread configured to receive a nut, which, when tightened, compresses the sealing washer 606 between piezoelectric element 608 and the housing 516-A, 526-C.

[0050] FIG. 7 illustrates an isometric view of one embodiment of a sonic head 102-A that includes one embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer assembly 504-A and one embodiment of a sensor assembly 506-A. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor assembly 506-A is secured above the transducer assembly 504-A. The two assemblies 506-A, 504-A are electrically connected with a cable 502 and mechanically connected together.

[0051] The transducer assembly 506-A includes a first transducer 104-A and a second transducer 104-B. The first transducer 104-A emits ultrasonic waves 108-Al, 108-A2 in two opposing directions. The second transducer 104-B emits ultrasonic waves 108-B1, 108-B2 in two opposing directions. In this way, the transducer assembly 504-A emits ultrasonic waves 108 in 360 degrees around the vertical axis of the transducer assembly 504-A.

[0052] In one embodiment, the transducers 104-A, 104-B each include a single, double-sided piezoelectric crystal that emits ultrasonic waves in opposing directions. In another embodiment, the transducers 104-A, 104-B each include a pair of piezoelectric crystals that each emits ultrasonic waves in an opposing direction relative to the other crystal.

[0053] The sensor assembly 506-A includes a housing 516-A with four sensors 106 that protrude from the housing 516 and are aligned in parallel with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108 emitted from the transducers 104-A, 104-B. The housing 516-A has a short, cylindrical shape. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 516-A is above the transducer assembly 504-A. In one embodiment, the housing 516-A includes an overmolded enclosure that seals the sensors 106-A, 106-B from the water environment. The sensors 106 and associated electronics encapsulated in the overmolded enclosure are electrically connected to the electronics in the transducer housing 526-A of the transducer assembly 504-A. The transducer housing 526-A includes a connector 528 configured to attach to a cable that has an opposite end connected to the local controller 402.

[0054] In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 516-A has an upper mounting bracket 522 extending upward from the housing 516-A. The lower mounting bracket 524 extends downward from the lower transducer 104-A. The upper mounting bracket 522, is configured to attach to a line suspended from the raft 110 and the lower mounting bracket 524 is configured to attach to a line leading to an anchor or other object that holds the sonic head 102-A in vertical alignment.

[0055] In the illustrated embodiment, two sensors 106-A, 106-B of the four sensors 106 are illustrated. The first sensor 106-A receives ultrasonic waves 108- Ali that are in parallel alignment with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108-Al emitted from one side of the first transducer 104-A. Another sensor (not illustrated) is on the opposite side of the housing 516-A and receives ultrasonic waves 108-A2i that are in parallel alignment with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108-A2 emitted from the opposite side of the first transducer 104-A.

[0056] The second sensor 106-B receives ultrasonic waves 108-Bli that are in parallel alignment with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108-B1 emitted from one side of the second transducer 104-B. Another sensor (not illustrated) is on the opposite side of the housing 516-A and receives ultrasonic waves 108-B2i that are in parallel alignment with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108-B2 emitted from the opposite side of the second transducer 104-B. In the illustrated embodiment, each sensor 106 is aligned with a corresponding transducer 104 that emits ultrasonic waves 108. Those skilled in the art will recognize that having a sensor 106 for each transducer 104 can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, a sonic head having a single transducer 104 emitting ultrasonic waves in one direction can have a single sensor 106 in alignment with the single transducer 104 such that the single sensor 106 is responsive to reflected ultrasonic waves 108-i originating from that single transducer 104. In other examples, a sonic head having four or eight transducers 104 can have an equal number of sensors 106, each sensor 106 responsive to reflected ultrasonic waves 108-i originating from an associated transducer 104.

[0057] The four sensors 106 in the sensor assembly 506-A allows for 360 degree coverage, in 90 degree intervals, around the sensor assembly 506-A. In this way, when the sensors 106 in the sensor assembly 506-A are operated as a remote sensor 106-2 in a second sonic head 102-2, at least one sensor 106 will be responsive to the ultrasonic waves 108-i emitted from transducers 104-1 associated with a first sonic head 102-1.

[0058] The sensors 106 are isolated in the sensor assembly 506-A such that the sensors 106 do not respond to mechanical vibrations of the transducers 104. In one embodiment, the sensors 106 are mounted and supported in the sensor assembly 506-A with vibration dampeners, such as a isomeric washer or gasket.

[0059] FIG. 8 illustrates an isometric view of a second embodiment of a sonic head 102-B that includes one embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer assembly 504-B and a second embodiment of a sensor assembly 506-B. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor assembly 506-B is positioned above the transducer assembly 504-B. The two assemblies 506-B, 504-B are electrically connected with a cable 502 and mechanically connected by securing two brackets 522, 532 together. The two brackets 522, 532 maintain alignment of the sensor assembly 506-B with the transducer assembly 504-B.

[0060] The sensor assembly 506-B includes a sensor housing 516-B that supports the sensor 106' and a sensor bracket 526. The sensor housing 516-B includes the components associated with the sensor 106', such as the sensor processor 402-2 and the connector for the cable 502 to the transducer assembly 504-B. Extending upward from the sensor housing 516-B is the sensor upper bracket 526. The sensor upper bracket 526 includes multiple openings that receive one or more lines from the raft 110. In one embodiment such as when the system 100 includes a GPS 408, at least two lines extend from different openings in the upper bracket 526 to the raft 110. In this way, the sonic head 102-B is kept in spatial alignment with the raft 110 so that direction information obtained by the GPS 408 corresponds with a defined direction of the sonic head 102-B.

[0061] The sensor 106' in the illustrated embodiment has a ring shape. The sensor 106' is responsive to ultrasonic waves 108 that impinge upon the sensor 106' from any angle in a plane perpendicular to the central axis 912 of the sensor 106', which is coaxial with the central axis of the sonic head 102-B. In particular, the sensor 106' is responsive to ultrasonic waves 108-Ali, 108-A2i, 108-Bli, 108- B2i, that are parallel with emitted ultrasonic waves 108-Al, 108-A2, 108-B1, 108- B2, respectively.

[0062] FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the sensor 106' in the second embodiment of the sonic head 102-B shown in FIG. 8. The sensor 106' includes a sensor housing 516-B that includes an enclosure 916 with a piezoelectric element 902 inside. The sensor 106' has a central axis 912 that is vertical and defines the center of the ring-shape of the sensor 106'.

[0063] The piezoelectric element 902 has a ring configuration with a rectangular cross-section. The sensor housing 916 has a hollow, cylindrical configuration with a hollow portion defining a cavity 906. The cavity 906 is defined by an upper wall, a cylindrical inner wall, and a concentric outer wall. The piezoelectric element 902 is secured inside the cavity 906. The piezoelectric element 902 is supported with an upper support 904-1 and a lower support 904-2. The supports 904 are configured to receive the upper and lower ends of the piezoelectric element 902. In this way the piezoelectric element 902 is held in place without allowing vertical displacement nor lateral displacement in the cavity 906.

[0064] The piezoelectric element 902 is isolated from mechanical vibrations originating in the sonic head 102-B. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper support 904-1 and the lower support 904-2 attenuate the mechanical vibrations from the sonic head 102-B. In one such embodiment, the support 904-1 and the lower support 904-2 are made from an elastomeric material.

[0065] FIG. 10 illustrates an isometric view of one embodiment of a sonic head 102-C that includes one embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer assembly 504-C and one embodiment of a sensor assembly 506-C. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor assembly 506-C is included in the housing 526-C of the transducer assembly 504-C. The housing 526-C is sandwiched between the upper transducer 104-A and the lower transducer 104-B.

[0066] The transducer assembly 506-C includes a first transducer 104-A and a second transducer 104-B, and a housing 526-C. The first transducer 104-A emits ultrasonic waves 108-Al, 108-A2 in two opposing directions. The second transducer 104-B emits ultrasonic waves 108-B1, 108-B2 in two opposing directions. In this way, the transducer assembly 504-C emits ultrasonic waves 108 in 360 degrees around the vertical axis of the transducer assembly 504-C.

[0067] The sensor assembly 506-C is integrated with the housing 526-C in the illustrated embodiment. The housing 526-C includes a connector 528 configured to attach to a cable that has an opposite end connected to other equipment, such as the power supply 406, GPS 408, communications equipment for remote controller 404, or a second sonic head 102 supported by the same raft 110. The sensor assembly 506-C includes four sensors 106 aligned in parallel with each axis of the ultrasonic waves 108 emitted from the transducers 104-A, 104-B. The sensors 106 and associated electronics are in the housing 526-C, along with the electronics and wiring for the transducers 104-A, 104-B.

[0068] In the illustrated embodiment, the sonic head 102-C includes an upper mounting bracket 522 extending upward from the second transducer 104-B. The lower mounting bracket 524 extends downward from the lower transducer 104-A. The upper mounting bracket 522, is configured to attach to a line suspended from the raft 110 and the lower mounting bracket 524 is configured to attach to a line leading to an anchor or other object that holds the sonic head 102- C in vertical alignment. In one embodiment such as when the system 100 includes a GPS 408, at least two lines extend from different openings in the upper bracket 522 to the raft 110. In this way, the sonic head 102 is kept in spatial alignment with the raft 110 so that direction information obtained by the GPS 408 corresponds with a defined direction of the sonic head 102.

[0069] In the illustrated embodiment, two sensors 106-A, 106-B of the four sensors 106 are illustrated. The first sensor 106-A receives ultrasonic waves 108- Ali that are in parallel alignment with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108-Al emitted from one side of the first transducer 104-A. Another sensor (not illustrated) is on the opposite side of the sensor assembly 506-C and receives ultrasonic waves 108-A2i that are in parallel alignment with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108-A2 emitted from the opposite side of the first transducer 104-A.

[0070] The second sensor 106-B receives ultrasonic waves 108-Bli that are in parallel alignment with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108-B1 emitted from one side of the second transducer 104-B. Another sensor (not illustrated) is on the opposite side of the sensor assembly 506-C and receives ultrasonic waves 108-B2i that are in parallel alignment with the axis of the ultrasonic waves 108-B2 emitted from the opposite side of the second transducer 104-B.

[0071] The four sensors 106 in the sensor assembly 506-C allows for 360 degree coverage, in 90 degree intervals, around the sensor assembly 506-C. In this way, when the sensors 106 in the sensor assembly 506-C are operated as a remote sensor 106-2, at least one sensor 106 will be responsive to the ultrasonic waves 108-i emitted from transducers 104-1 associated with another sonic head 102-1.

[0072] The sensors 106 are isolated in the sensor assembly 506-C such that the sensors 106 do not respond to mechanical vibrations of the transducers 104. In one embodiment, the sensors 106 are mounted and supported in the housing 526-C with vibration dampeners, such as a isomeric washer or gasket 606, 604.

[0073] FIG. 11 illustrates a flow diagram showing one embodiment of the method 1100 for detecting bio-organism resonance. Bio-organism resonance is the resonant frequency 302-5 for a particular bio-organism. For the embodiment in which a single sonic head 102 includes both the transducer 104 and the receiving sensor 106, the steps are performed by the local controller 402 in that sonic head 102. For the embodiment in which multiple sonic heads 102 are used, such as one sonic head 102-1 emitting the ultrasonic waves 108 and at least one other sonic head 102-2 receiving ultrasonic waves 108-i, the sonic heads 102-1, 102-2 are in communication and the steps are performed by the appropriate local controller 402.

[0074] The first step 1102 is to start the process 1100. The next step 1104 is to initialize the process 1100. The step 1104 of initializing the process 1100 is performed by the controller 402 associated with the transducer 104 with respect to preparing to emit the various frequencies. The step 1104 of initializing the process 1100 is performed by the controller 402 associated with the sensor 106 with respect to preparing to receive the ultrasonic waves 108-i from the transducer 104.

[0075] In one embodiment, the initialize step 1102 includes clearing all the resonant signature markers and initializing a Bandwidth Indexer to the first Bandwidth Table entry. The Bandwidth Indexer is a programmed function in the local controller 402. The Bandwidth Indexer maintains the Bandwidth Table. The Bandwidth Table contains data relating to at least the following fields: Bandwidth Index, Frequency, Gated Output or Duty Cycle, and Power Level. In one embodiment, the Bandwidth Index is a parameter, such as a number, that sequentially identifies information related to each pulse or gated output. Associated with each Bandwidth Index are the one or more Frequencies to be emitted during the pulse or gated output. For example, one Bandwidth Index includes the Frequencies of 20,000 Hz, 20,005 Hz, 20,010 Hz, 20,015 Hz, and 20,020 Hz. The next Bandwidth Index includes the Frequencies of 33,000 Hz, 33,301 Hz, 33,302 Hz, and 33,303 Hz. Also associated with each Bandwidth Index is the Gated Output or Duty Cycle. For example, the Duty Cycle is 75% with a period of 2 seconds divided as 1.5 seconds of On Time and 0.5 seconds of Off Time. In one embodiment, a Power Level field is also associated with each Bandwidth Index. For example, a Power Level for a particular Bandwidth Index is specified as 10% of full power.

[0076] In another embodiment, the initialize step 1102 includes writing the current resonant frequency data to a Historical Table before includes clearing all the resonant signature markers and initializing a Bandwidth Indexer to the first Bandwidth Table entry. As illustrated in FIG. 12, after completion of the major step 1204 to sweep the frequencies to determine the resonant frequencies, the step 1212 to initialize the resonant sweep further includes analyzing the data in the Historical Table and in the Bandwidth Table to identify any trends over time with respect to detected resonant frequencies. For example, historical data on a specific resonant frequency may indicate the presence of an algae bloom or that an algae bloom is decreasing in size and / or density. That trend over time information is available to adjust the parameters of major step 1206 to sweep the resonant frequencies. For example, if the trend over time information indicates the continued existence of bio-organisms 116, the step 1214 to emit the frequency includes emitting the frequency for a longer period and / or higher power. That is, the period that the frequency is emitted is extended over the previously used time and / or the power is increased over the previously used power level.

[0077] The next step 1106 after the initialize step 1104 is to emit the frequency corresponding to the current entry in the Bandwidth Table. The emitting step is 706 performed by the transducer 104 and its associated controller 402. The emitting step 1106 includes reading the data from the Bandwidth Table and causing the transducer 104 to emit a specific frequency at a specific power level.

[0078] The next step 1108 of measuring and recording data 310 is performed while step 1106 is being performed. The measuring and recording step 1108 is performed by the sensor 106 and its associated controller 402. Step 1108 measures the amplitude 306 from the sensor 106 and records the data 310, which includes the detected amplitude for the detected frequency.

[0079] The next step 1110 after completing step 1108 of measuring and recording data 310 is to determine if more frequencies are to be measured. The frequencies completed step 1110 is performed by the controller 402 associated with the transducer 104. In one embodiment, if the Bandwidth Table has additional entries, the Bandwidth Indexer increments the Table to the next entry and the method 1100 loops back to step 1106 to emit the next frequency. If the Bandwidth Table is at the end, then all the frequencies have been measured and method 1100 moves on to the next step 1112.

[0080] The next step 1112 is to perform a trend analysis of the recorded data 310. The analysis step 1112, in one embodiment, is performed by the local controller 402. In another embodiment, the analysis step 1112 is performed by the remote controller 404, which is in communication with the local controller 402. In one embodiment, trend analysis step 1112 is performed by averaging the amplitude data points 306-1, 306-2, ... to determine an average amplitude 306- avg. In one such embodiment, any outliers are not included in calculating the average amplitude. An outlier is an amplitude data point 306 that is below the average measured amplitude 306-avg by a predetermined amount. For example, if the amplitude 306-5 shown in FIG. 3 is less than the average 30-avg by a threshold amount, than the data point at the frequency 302-5 is an outlier. If that data point is not an outlier, than the frequency 302-5 indicates a resonant frequency 302-5.

[0081] The next step 1114 is to identify if a resonant frequency is present in the data 310. The identification step 1114, in one embodiment, is performed by the local controller 402. In another embodiment, the identification step 1114 is performed by the remote controller 404, which is in communication with the local controller 402. In one embodiment, identifying the resonant frequency 302-5 is performed by identifying amplitude data points 306-5 that are below the amplitude value determined in step 1112 by a predetermined amount such as illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0082] If a resonant frequency 302-5 is found in step 1114, then step 1116 to record the resonant frequency data 310-rf is performed. The resonant frequency data 310-rf includes the resonant frequency 302-5 as determined in step 1114. The record step 1116 is performed by the controller 402. In one embodiment, the Bandwidth Table for the frequency 302-5 that is identified as being resonant is annotated with the direction of the sensor 104 and the date and time of the measurement. In the embodiment with a GPS 408, a direction associated with the detection of the resonant frequency is also recorded in the Bandwidth Table. In one embodiment, the direction is determined by the location of the sensor 106 on the sensor assembly 506-A, 506-C. In another embodiment, the direction is determined by the location of the transducer 104 on the transducer assembly 504- A, 504-B, 504-C.

[0083] The step 1116 to record the resonant frequency data 310-rf is performed for each time a resonant frequency is determined during a sweep of frequencies by the method 1100. That is, method 1100 includes steps 1106, 1108, 1110 to emit multiple frequencies and to measure and record data 310 for those multiple frequencies. If the body of water 114 includes multiple types of bioorganisms includes multiple types of bio-organisms 116 and each of those types of multiple types of bio-organisms 116 have their own resonant frequency, then step 1116 to record the resonant frequency data 310-rf is performed for each resonant frequency 302-5 determined. In the case where multiple resonant frequencies are determined, the entries in the Bandwidth Table for the multiple resonant frequencies is annotated with data associated with the resonant frequency determination.

[0084] In one embodiment, the step 1116 to record the resonant frequency data 310-rf includes recording the resonant frequency 302-5 of beneficial bioorganisms. Beneficial bio-organisms are water-borne organisms that serve a purpose that benefits either the environment or other life. For example, diatoms are a food source for shrimp, which are then harvested for consumption. If a beneficial bio-organism has a resonant frequency and that resonant frequency is determined during step 1114, the step 1116 to record the resonant frequency data, in one embodiment, includes recording data indicating that the resonant frequency is for a beneficial bio-organism. In another embodiment, once a resonant frequency 302-5 is determined to be associated with a beneficial bio-organism either during step 114 or step 1116, the resonant frequency is not recorded during step 1116 of recording the resonant frequency data 310-rf. In this way, when the algae control system 10 emits ultrasonic waves to eradicate or control the growth of bioorganisms, the transducer 104 does not emit those resonant frequencies that correspond to beneficial bio-organisms.

[0085] The next step 1118 is to wait a time before looping back to the initialize system step 1104. The wait step 1118 is performed by the local controller 402. The wait step 1118 is performed after the recording step 1116 and if identification step 1114 does not determine that a resonant frequency is present in the data. The wait time, in one embodiment, is preselected. For example, if the method 1100 is to be run once every three hours, the wait time is equal to three hours minus the time to perform the loop of steps 1106 to 1110. Another example is if the method 1100 is to be run continuously or without delay, the wait time is set to zero.

[0086] FIG. 12 illustrates a flow diagram showing one embodiment of the method 1200 for detecting and using resonance to control micro-organisms. The method 1200 has two major steps, the first step 1204 is to perform a frequency sweep and the second step 1206 is to perform targeted emissions at frequencies associated with the determined resonant frequencies.

[0087] In one embodiment, a Bandwidth Indexer is a programmed function in the processor 402. The Bandwidth Indexer maintains the Bandwidth Table. The Bandwidth Table stores information on the multitude of frequencies emitted by the transducer 104. The Bandwidth Table contains data relating to various fields, such as a Bandwidth Index, Frequency, Gated Output or Duty Cycle, Power Level, and Cavitation. The Bandwidth Table also stores data indicating if the Frequency is a resonant frequency, and in one embodiment, if there is a direction associated with the resonant frequency determination.

[0088] The first step 1202 is to start the process 1200. The next step 1204 is to perform a frequency sweep. The major step 1204 includes the method 1100 described above with respect to FIG. 11 for determining the resonant frequency 302-5 of any bio-organisms 116 in the water 114. In one embodiment, the step 1204 of performing the frequency sweep includes the controller 402 executing a software program that performs the function of the Bandwidth Indexer to identify frequencies to be emitted by the transducer 104. As the frequencies in the Bandwidth Table are swept, the method 1100 determines and stores any resonant frequencies that are determined. In one embodiment, the step 1104 to initialize the resonance detection method 1100 includes resetting the Bandwidth Table to remove the data indicating previously determined resonant frequencies. In this way, the Bandwidth Table starts fresh and stores only the current state of resonant frequencies 302-5.

[0089] The next major step 1206 is to sweep the resonant frequencies 302-5 determined during the step 1204 to perform the frequency sweep. The major step 1206 includes various steps 1212, 1214, 1216, 1218 for sweeping the resonant frequencies identified in the Bandwidth Table.

[0090] The first step 1212 of major step 1206 is to initialize the resonant sweep. This step 1212 includes identifying the first resonant frequency 302-5 to be emitted by the transducer 104. The step 1212 of initializing is performed by the controller 402. The step 1212 of initializing includes preparing for the transducer 104 to emit the various frequencies that are determined to be resonant frequencies. In one embodiment, the frequencies to be emitted include a range or bandwidth of frequencies that include the resonant frequency.

[0091] The next step 1214 is to emit the frequencies associated with the resonant frequency 302-5. The step 1214 is performed by the transducer 104 as directed by the controller 402. In the embodiment where a range or bandwidth of frequencies that include the resonant frequency are to be emitted, the step 1214 to emit includes sequentially emitting each of the frequencies within the range or bandwidth. In one embodiment, these frequencies are emitted for a pre-determined time. That is, the time is determined before the step 1206 is run. In another embodiment, these frequencies are emitted for a calculated time. In one such embodiment, historical trend data is used to calculate the time that these frequencies are emitted. For example, if multiple runs of major step 1204 to perform a frequency sweep to determine resonant frequencies indicates the presence of a large algae bloom, then the time to emit these frequencies is set to be of a duration sufficient to have an impact on that bloom. Such multiple runs of major step 1204 are recorded in a Historical Table as described above with respect to FIG. 11. In another example, if multiple runs of major step 1204 indicates that a once-large algae bloom has decreased, then the time to emit these frequencies is decreased.

[0092] The next step 1216 is to determine if there are more frequencies or bandwidths to emit. If the step 1216 determines that there are more resonant frequencies to emit, then step 1218 to increment to the next frequency is performed. In one embodiment, step 1218 is performed by the controller 402 such that the Bandwidth Indexer selects the next Bandwidth Table entry that has a resonant frequency associated with it. The process then loops to step 1214 to emit the frequency or bandwidth.

[0093] If step 1216 determines that there are no more frequencies or bandwidths to emit, then the process 1200 loops to step 1204 to perform a frequency sweep. In this way, the process 1200 will determine if the resonant frequencies have changed, thereby indicating that the concentrations of various bio-organisms 116 in the water 114 have changed.

[0094] The resonance detection system 100 includes various functions. The function of determining the resonant frequency of a type of micro-organism 116 in a body of water 114 is implemented, in one embodiment, by a sensor 106 measuring the amplitude of ultrasonic waves 108-i at various frequencies 302 emitted by a transducer 104 and determining which frequencies 302 indicate absorption by the micro-organisms at resonance.

[0095] The function of controlling bio-organisms 116 in a body of water 114 is implemented, in one embodiment, by a resonance detection system 100 that first, performs a step 1204 of detecting resonance of bio- organisms 116 by sweeping a multitude of frequencies and then performing a step 1206 of emitting the ultrasonic waves from a transducer 104 at the detected resonant frequencies or at a narrow bandwidth of frequencies above and below the resonant frequency.

[0096] From the foregoing description, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that a system 100 for determining resonance of micro-organisms 116 in the water 114 has been provided. Each type of micro-organism 116 in a body of water 114 has a resonant frequency 306-5 at which the energy in the ultrasonic wave 108 is absorbed by the micro-organism 116. A sensor 106 monitors the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves 108-i over a range of emitted frequencies.

[0097] While the present invention has been illustrated by description of several embodiments and while the illustrative embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. The invention in its broader aspects is therefore not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and methods, and illustrative examples shown and described.Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of applicant's general inventive concept.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for determining resonance of bio -organisms (116) in a body of water (114), said apparatus comprising: a transducer (104) configured to emit a plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) through the body of water (114), said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) including a plurality of frequencies (302); a sensor (106) responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-i); and a controller (402) operatively connected to said transducer (104), said sensor (106) providing data (310) to said controller (402); and whereby said controller (402) executes a first set of steps (1100) for detecting bio-organism resonance, and said controller (402) also executes a second set of steps (1206) to perform targeted emissions at frequencies associated with detected bio-organism resonance.

2. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said first set of steps (1100) for detecting bio-organism resonance includes said controller (402) causing said transducer (104) to emit said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108), said sensor (106) measuring data (310) corresponding to an amplitude of said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108), and said controller (402) determining a resonant frequency (302-5) from said data (310).

3. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said first set of steps (1100) for detecting bio-organism resonance includes a step (1106) of said transducer (104) emitting said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) with each one of said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) having a unique frequency (302); and said first set of steps (1100) includes a step (1108) of measuring and recording data (310) from said sensor (106).

4. The apparatus of Claim 3 wherein said first set of steps (1100) for detecting bio-organism resonance includes a step (1112) to perform a trend analysis of said data (310) collected during said step (1108) of measuring and recording data (310) from said sensor (106); and said first set of steps (1100) further includes a step (1114) to identify if a resonant frequency (302-5) is present in said data (310).

5. The apparatus of Claim 4 wherein said first set of steps (1100) for detecting bio-organism resonance includes determining said resonant frequency (302-5) by identifying a frequency (302-5) corresponding to an amplitude (306-5) in said data (310) that is less than an average amplitude by a preselected amount.

6. The apparatus of Claim 4 wherein said first set of steps (1100) for detecting bio-organism resonance includes a step (1116) to record resonant frequency data (310-rf) when said resonant frequency (302-5) is present in said data (310) as determined by said step (1114) to identify if said resonant frequency (302-5) is present in said data (310).

7. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said second set of steps (1206) to perform targeted emissions at frequencies associated with detected bio-organism resonance includes said controller (402) causing said transducer (104) to emit at least one ultrasonic wave (108) associated with a resonant frequency (302-5) where said first set of steps (1204, 1100) for detecting bio-organism resonance identifies said resonant frequency (302-5).

8. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said second set of steps (1206) to perform targeted emissions at frequencies associated with detected bio-organism resonance includes a step (1214) to emit at least one frequency associated with a resonant frequency (302-5) determined by said first set of set of steps (1204, 1100) for detecting bio-organism resonance.

9. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said transducer (104-1) is incorporated in a first sonic head (102-1); said sensor (106-2) is incorporated in a second sonic head (102-2); and said sensor (106-2) responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-i) emitted from said transducer (104-1) in said first sonic head (102-1).

10. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said transducer (104-1) is proximate said sensor (106- 1); said sensor (106- 1) being isolated from said transducer (104-1) such that said sensor (106- 1) is responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-i) received by said sensor (106-1) without interference from mechanical vibrations of said transducer (104-1); and said sensor (106- 1) responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-i) reflected by the bioorganisms (116) in the body of water (114).

11. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said transducer (104-1) is one of a plurality of transducers (104) configured to emit said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) and said sensor (106) is one of a plurality of sensors (106) located proximate said plurality of transducers (104), and said plurality of transducers (104) and said plurality of sensors (106) incorporated in a sonic head (102).

12. The apparatus of Claim 1 further including a global positioning system receiver (408), and said global positioning receiver (408) detecting a position of said sensor (106) in the body of water (114).

13. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said sensor (106') has a cylindrical shape, and said sensor (106') is responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-Ali, 108-A2i, 108-Bli, 108-B2i) emitted by said transducer (104).

14. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said sensor (106') has a piezoelectric element (902) with a ring configuration and a rectangular crosssection, and said sensor (106') is responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-Ali, 108-A2i, 108-Bli, 108-B2i) from any angle in a plane perpendicular to a central axis (912) of said sensor (106').

15. An apparatus for determining resonance of bio -organisms (116) in a body of water (114), said apparatus comprising: a transducer (104) configured to emit a plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) through a body of water (114), said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) having a plurality of frequencies (302); a sensor (106) responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-i), said sensor (106) detecting an amplitude of each of said plurality of frequencies (302) emitted from said transducer (104); and a controller (402) operatively connected to said transducer (104) and said controller (402) in communication with said sensor (106).

16. The apparatus of Claim 15 wherein said transducer (104-1) is incorporated in a first sonic head (102-1); said sensor (106-2) is incorporated in a second sonic head (102-2); and said sensor (106-2) responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-i) emitted from said transducer (104-1) in said first sonic head (102-1).

17. The apparatus of Claim 15 wherein said transducer (104-1) is one of a plurality of transducers (104) configured to emit said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) and said sensor (106) is one of a plurality of sensors (106) located proximate said plurality of transducers (104), and said plurality of transducers (104) and said plurality of sensors (106) incorporated in a sonic head (102).

18. The apparatus of Claim 15 wherein said transducer (104-1) is proximate said sensor (106- 1); said sensor (106- 1) being isolated from said transducer (104-1) such that said sensor (106- 1) is responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-i) received by said sensor (106-1) without interference from mechanical vibrations of said transducer (104-1); and said sensor (106- 1) responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-i) reflected by the bioorganisms (116) in the water.

19. The apparatus of Claim 15 wherein said controller (402) causes said transducer (104) to emit said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108) with each one of said series of ultrasonic waves (108) having a specified frequency (302), and said controller (402) storing data related to measurements made by said sensor (106) when receiving said plurality of ultrasonic waves ( 108) .

20. The apparatus of Claim 19 further including said controller (402) performing a trend analysis of said stored data related to measurements made by said sensor (106).

21. The apparatus of Claim 19 further including said controller (402) performing a trend analysis of said stored data related to measurements made by said sensor (106), said controller (402) identifying a resonant frequency from said trend analysis.

22. The apparatus of Claim 21 further including said controller (402) and said transducer (104) performing a sweep of resonant frequencies (1206) whereby said resonant frequency is emitted by said transducer (104).

23. The apparatus of Claim 15 further including a global positioning system receiver (408), and said global positioning receiver (408) detecting a position of said sensor (106) in the body of water (114).

24. The apparatus of Claim 15 wherein said sensor (106') has a cylindrical shape, and said sensor (106') is responsive to said plurality of ultrasonic waves (108-Ali, 108-A2i, 108-Bli, 108-B2i) emitted by said transducer (104).

25. An apparatus for determining resonance of bio -organisms (116) in a body of water (114), said apparatus comprising: a raft (110) configured to float on the body of water (114); a sonic head (102) suspended below said raft; said sonic head (102) submerged in the body of water, said sonic head (102) including a transducer (104), a controller (402), and a sensor (106), said transducer (104) configured to emit a series of ultrasonic waves (108) through the body of water (114), said series of ultrasonic waves (108) having a plurality of frequencies (302); and said controller (402) operatively connected to said transducer (104), said controller (402) causing said transducer (104) to emit said series of ultrasonic waves (108) with each one of said series of ultrasonic waves (108) being a specified frequency (302); and said sensor (106) responsive to said series of ultrasonic waves (108-i), said sensor (106) providing data to said controller (402).

26. The apparatus of Claim 25 further including a global positioning system receiver (408), and said global positioning receiver (408) detecting a direction corresponding to an orientation of said sensor (106) in said sonic head (102).

27. The apparatus of Claim 25 wherein said sensor (106') has a cylindrical shape with a sensing surface perpendicular to a surface of the body of water when said sonic head (102-B) is deployed in the body of water (114).