Error mitigation for quantum computing

Abstract

The disclosure is directed to operating a quantum computing system (QCS). One method includes generating a set of noisy data by repeatably implementing a quantum circuit on the QCS. Each data point of the set of noisy data corresponds to a sample from a noisy distribution that is associated with an observable of a quantum state that corresponds to the quantum circuit. The noisy distribution includes a weighted combination of a noiseless distribution and a noise-only distribution. Each data point of the set of noisy data. That is, the set of noisy data is a labeled set of noisy data. A label for each data point indicates an estimate of whether the data point corresponds to a sample from the noiseless distribution or the noise-only distribution. A target quantity that is associated with the observable of the quantum state is estimated based on the labeled set of noisy data.