Hermetia illucens solid feed raw material

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of Hermetia illucens solid feed raw materials, which is prepared by the following steps: (1) removing impurities in Hermetia illucens larvae, and beating into paste-like worm pulp; (2) mixing the worm pulp with a carrier in proportion to make the moisture content 45-70%, if the moisture content is less than 45%, add water to adjust, anaerobic fermentation, and obtain the Hermetia illucens solid feed raw material, the carrier is a raw material that can make the Hermetia illucens larvae grow and reproduce. The present application is simple in operation, does not lose nutritional ingredients, has low energy consumption and can preserve Hermetia illucens worm pulp for a long time. The Hermetia illucens worm pulp preserved by the sealed fermentation preservation method has lower pH than that before fermentation, and is acidic. During the preservation process, the protein content in the Hermetia illucens worm pulp is stable, and the crude protein content has no change compared with that before fermentation, and the crude fat content decreases slightly, which may be due to the utilization of fat by the strain during fermentation. The fermentation preservation method achieves the purpose of Hermetia illucens worm fermentation preservation, provides a method for the preservation of Hermetia illucens worm pulp, and has high application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a black soldier fly larvae solid feed ingredient, belonging to the field of poultry and livestock feed. Background Technology

[0002] Black soldier flies, belonging to the order Diptera and family Bandidae, are now found worldwide. In nature, black soldier fly larvae feed on decaying organic matter and animal excrement, suppressing odors, reducing harmful bacteria, and controlling housefly breeding, thus enabling the resource utilization of kitchen waste and livestock manure. Black soldier fly larvae contain abundant protein and fat, making them valuable animal feed and a promising resource insect. Reports indicate they can replace fishmeal and soybean meal in chicken, pig, and aquaculture feed.

[0003] Fresh black soldier fly larvae cannot be stored for long periods, and insufficiently dried larvae are prone to spoilage and foul odor. When used as a feed additive, they are generally dried at a low temperature (no higher than 65℃) to a moisture content below 10%, and then pulverized for storage. This method involves expensive equipment, cumbersome operation, long processing time, and potential nutrient loss and energy consumption during the drying process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost, simple, easy-to-operate preservation method that does not lose nutritional components. Existing technologies include solid-state fermentation methods using added microbial strains, such as patent application publication number CN 110050877A, which uses *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and yeast mixed with black soldier fly larvae larvae slurry for fermentation. This semi-solid concentrated feed from black soldier flies has high nutritional value, promotes intestinal absorption in animals, has low cost, and can be stored for a long time. Patent application publication number CN 110150458A uses *Bacillus subtilis*, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, and lactic acid bacteria mixed with black soldier fly larvae slurry for fermentation, effectively solving the problem of the inability to preserve fresh black soldier fly larvae for long periods. However, all of the above methods require the addition of microbial strains and fermentation, which is costly. Furthermore, adding microbial strains during fermentation consumes proteins and other components of the black soldier fly larvae, reducing their effective components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a solid feed ingredient for black soldier fly larvae, which solves the problems of black soldier fly larvae not being able to be stored for a long time and black soldier fly larvae that are not dried sufficiently being prone to spoilage and odor.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A black soldier fly solid feed ingredient is prepared by the following steps:

[0007] (1) Remove impurities from the black soldier fly larvae and grind them into a paste-like insect slurry;

[0008] (2) Mix the insect slurry and carrier evenly according to the ratio to achieve a moisture content of 45-70%. If the moisture content is lower than 45%, add water to adjust it. Perform anaerobic fermentation to obtain the black soldier fly solid feed raw material.

[0009] The carrier is a feed ingredient that allows black soldier fly larvae to grow and reproduce on their own microbial cells.

[0010] Preferably, it further includes: (3) drying the fermented product at low temperature to obtain black soldier fly solid feed raw material. The product of the present invention is a solid wet product. In order to preserve it for a longer period of time and make it easier to use, it can be dried at low temperature, generally at a temperature not higher than 60 degrees Celsius.

[0011] Preferably, step (1) further includes rinsing with clean water, wherein the rinsing with clean water is to rinse the black soldier fly larvae 2 to 4 times, and then place the rinsed black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen to drain the water until no water flows down, and then break the black soldier fly larvae into a paste.

[0012] The product of this invention mainly contains a large amount of protein and is mainly used as a raw material for poultry and livestock feed. Different carriers can be selected as needed. For example, for herbivores such as cattle, horses and sheep, materials such as corn are used as raw materials and mixed for fermentation. The carrier is one or a mixture of soybean meal, wheat bran, corn, rice bran and rice bran.

[0013] Preferably, the carrier is soybean meal and wheat bran, with a weight ratio of soybean meal to wheat bran of 60-100%:0-40%.

[0014] The ratio of insect slurry to carrier should be determined according to the needs of raw materials and products. Preferably, the insect slurry and carrier are mixed evenly in a weight ratio of 1-1.5:1.

[0015] Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 30-37℃. The fermentation temperature can be set as needed; a lower temperature results in a longer fermentation time, and a higher temperature results in a shorter fermentation time, generally requiring more than seven days.

[0016] Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation is carried out in an anaerobic fermentation bag.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] This invention provides a simple, energy-efficient method for preserving black soldier fly larvae slurry over a long period. The black soldier fly larvae slurry preserved using this sealed fermentation method exhibits a lower pH, becoming acidic, compared to before fermentation. During preservation, the protein content in the slurry remains stable, with virtually no change in crude protein content compared to before fermentation, while the crude fat content decreases slightly, possibly due to the fat being utilized by the microorganisms during fermentation. This fermentation preservation method achieves the goal of preserving black soldier fly larvae, providing a method for preserving black soldier fly larvae slurry and possessing high application value.

[0019] This invention utilizes beneficial bacteria naturally present in the gut of black soldier fly larvae, without adding exogenous bacteria. The gut of black soldier flies secretes various proteolytic enzymes and broad-spectrum antibacterial substances, which subject the intestinal microorganisms to strong selective pressure, leading to the killing or digestion of a large number of microorganisms, especially viruses. The main bacteria in the black soldier fly gut include Citrobacter, Bacillus subtilis, Brachybacterium breve, Bacillus megaterium, Fibriocarpus, and Microbes. Using the beneficial bacteria naturally generated in the black soldier fly larvae's gut eliminates the need for exogenous bacteria, thus reducing costs. Furthermore, the beneficial bacteria naturally generated in the black soldier fly larvae's gut have a low rate of decomposition and utilization of the beneficial components of the black soldier fly larvae's larvae's larvae's larvae, effectively protecting the effective components from decomposition and thus reducing the utilization rate of the black soldier fly larvae. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] A black soldier fly solid feed ingredient is prepared by the following steps:

[0023] (1) Remove impurities from the black soldier fly larvae and wash them with clean water. Specifically, wash the black soldier fly larvae with clean water 2 to 4 times. After washing, place the black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen to drain the water. When no water flows down, break the black soldier fly larvae into a paste.

[0024] (2) Mix the insect pulp and the carrier in a weight ratio of 1:1, adjust the moisture content to 50%, put them into an anaerobic fermentation bag, and anaerobic ferment at 30°C for 10 days to obtain black soldier fly solid feed raw material. The carrier is soybean meal and wheat bran, and the weight ratio of soybean meal to wheat bran is 2:1.

[0025] The fermented black soldier fly larvae slurry was removed from the fermentation room and sealed for storage at room temperature for 60 days. During these 60 days, samples were taken periodically to test the nutritional indicators of the slurry, including protein, fat, and pH value. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0026] Table 1. Changes in nutritional indicators of black soldier fly larvae fermented insect pulp after 10 days of fermentation and storage for 60 days.

[0027] Before fermentation 7.83 51.72％ 20.26％ 3.91％ After fermentation for 10 days 4.32 51.46％ 20.11％ 3.46％ 20 days 4.46 51.37％ 20.13％ 3.44％ 40 days 4.42 51.33％ 20.12％ 3.45％ 60 days 4.53 51.34％ 20.12％ 3.44％

[0028] Table 1 shows that the pH of the black soldier fly larvae slurry preserved using the sealed fermentation method decreased compared to before fermentation, becoming acidic. During preservation, the protein content in the slurry remained stable, with virtually no change in crude protein content compared to before fermentation, while the crude fat content decreased slightly, possibly due to the fat being utilized by the microorganisms during fermentation. This fermentation preservation method successfully achieved its purpose of preserving black soldier fly larvae, providing a method for the preservation of black soldier fly larvae slurry and possessing high application value.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A black soldier fly solid feed ingredient is prepared by the following steps:

[0031] (1) Remove impurities from the black soldier fly larvae and wash them with clean water. Specifically, wash the black soldier fly larvae with clean water 2 to 4 times. After washing, place the black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen to drain the water. When no water flows down, break the black soldier fly larvae into a paste.

[0032] (2) Mix the insect pulp and the carrier evenly at a weight ratio of 1.5:1, adjust the moisture content to 55%, put them into an anaerobic fermentation bag, and anaerobic ferment at 35°C for 8 days to obtain black soldier fly solid feed raw material. The carrier is soybean meal and wheat bran, and the weight ratio of soybean meal to wheat bran is 5:1.

[0033] The black soldier fly solid feed raw materials prepared using the above-mentioned raw materials and methods had the following composition before fermentation: pH 7.87, moisture content 54.56%, protein content 20.28%, and fat content 4.36%. After fermentation, the feed had a pH of 4.28, moisture content 54.41%, protein content 20.13%, and fat content 3.87%.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] A black soldier fly solid feed ingredient is prepared by the following steps:

[0036] (1) Remove impurities from the black soldier fly larvae and wash them with clean water. Specifically, wash the black soldier fly larvae with clean water 2 to 4 times. After washing, place the black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen to drain the water. When no water flows down, break the black soldier fly larvae into a paste.

[0037] (2) Mix the insect pulp and the carrier in a 1:1 weight ratio, adjust the moisture content to 45%, put them into an anaerobic fermentation bag, and anaerobic ferment at 37°C for 7 days to obtain black soldier fly solid feed raw material. The carrier is soybean meal.

[0038] The black soldier fly solid feed raw materials prepared using the above-mentioned raw materials and methods had the following composition before fermentation: pH 7.81, moisture content 45.76%, protein content 26.86%, and fat content 4.46%. After fermentation, the feed had a pH of 4.38, moisture content 45.61%, protein content 26.63%, and fat content 3.94%.

[0039] Example 4

[0040] A black soldier fly solid feed ingredient is prepared by the following steps:

[0041] (1) Remove impurities from the black soldier fly larvae and rinse them thoroughly with clean water.

[0042] Specifically, wash the black soldier fly larvae with clean water 2 to 4 times, place the washed black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen to drain the water, and when no water flows down, break the black soldier fly larvae into a paste.

[0043] (2) Mix the insect pulp and the carrier evenly at a weight ratio of 1.3:1, adjust the moisture content to 60%, put them into an anaerobic fermentation bag, and anaerobic ferment at 33°C for 9 days. The carrier is soybean meal and wheat bran, and the weight ratio of soybean meal to wheat bran is 3:2.

[0044] The black soldier fly solid feed raw materials prepared using the above-mentioned raw materials and methods had the following characteristics before fermentation: pH 7.85, moisture content 58.7%, protein content 15.87%, and fat content 3.39%. After fermentation, the feed had a pH of 4.33, moisture content 58.56%, protein content 15.72%, and fat content 2.94%.

[0045] (3) The fermented product is dried at low temperature to obtain black soldier fly solid feed raw material. Low temperature drying is more conducive to the transportation and storage of black soldier fly larvae feed.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] A black soldier fly solid feed ingredient is prepared by the following steps:

[0048] (1) Remove impurities from the black soldier fly larvae and wash them with clean water. Specifically, wash the black soldier fly larvae with clean water 2 to 4 times. After washing, place the black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen to drain the water. When no water flows down, break the black soldier fly larvae into a paste.

[0049] (2) Weigh out 3 parts of Enterococcus faecalis powder, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis powder, and 3 parts of yeast powder, add them to 600 parts of water containing 6% brown sugar, stir well, and activate at 35℃ for 4 hours to achieve a bacterial count of 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / ml was used to prepare an activated bacterial solution;

[0050] (3) First, mix the insect pulp and activated bacterial solution evenly at a weight ratio of 10:1. Then, mix the insect pulp and carrier evenly at a weight ratio of 1:1. Adjust the moisture content to 50%, put it into an anaerobic fermentation bag, and anaerobic ferment at 30°C for 10 days to obtain black soldier fly solid feed raw material. The carrier is soybean meal and wheat bran, and the weight ratio of soybean meal and wheat bran is 2:1.

[0051] The fermented black soldier fly larvae slurry was removed from the fermentation room and kept sealed at room temperature for 60 days. During these 60 days, samples were taken periodically to test the nutritional indicators of the slurry, including protein, fat, and pH value. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2. Changes in nutritional indicators of black soldier fly larvae fermented insect pulp after 10 days of fermentation and storage for 60 days.

[0053] Before fermentation 7.84 51.65％ 20.32％ 3.93％ After fermentation for 10 days 4.21 50.81％ 19.96％ 3.71％ 20 days 4.35 50.76％ 19.83％ 3.65％ 40 days 4.32 50.43％ 19.84％ 3.58％ 60 days 4.39 50.33％ 19.82％ 3.59％

[0054] Table 2 shows that the pH of the black soldier fly larvae solid feed material preserved using the sealed fermentation method decreased compared to before fermentation, becoming acidic, similar to that of untreated fermentation. During storage, the protein content in the black soldier fly larvae slurry remained stable, with crude protein content decreasing by approximately 1.8% and crude fat content decreasing by approximately 5.6% compared to before fermentation. The fermentation process allowed the microorganisms to utilize the protein and fat, increasing the loss of beneficial components in the black soldier fly larvae compared to untreated fermentation, which is detrimental to the preservation of the larvae.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] A black soldier fly solid feed ingredient is prepared by the following steps:

[0057] (1) Remove impurities from the black soldier fly larvae and grind the black soldier fly larvae into a paste;

[0058] (2) Mix the insect pulp and the carrier evenly at a weight ratio of 1.5:1, adjust the moisture content to 55%, put it into an anaerobic fermentation bag, and anaerobic ferment at 35℃ for 15 days to obtain black soldier fly solid feed raw material. The carrier is soybean meal and rice bran, and the weight ratio of soybean meal to wheat bran is 1:1.

[0059] The black soldier fly larvae solid feed raw materials prepared using the above-described raw materials and methods had a pH of 7.85, a moisture content of 55.65%, a protein content of 20.32%, and a fat content of 4.32% before fermentation. After fermentation, the feed had a pH of 4.32, a moisture content of 55.41%, a protein content of 20.26%, and a fat content of 3.77%. In this embodiment, rice bran can be replaced by other roughages such as rice bran or forage. Soybean meal can be replaced by corn, wheat bran, etc., with results similar to those of this invention, and will not be listed individually.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A black soldier fly larvae solid feed ingredient, characterized in that, It is prepared by the following steps: (1) Remove impurities from the black soldier fly larvae and grind them into a paste-like insect slurry; (2) Mix the insect slurry and carrier evenly according to the ratio to achieve a moisture content of 45-70%. If the moisture content is lower than 45%, add water to adjust it. Perform anaerobic fermentation to obtain the black soldier fly solid feed raw material. The carrier is a raw material that enables the black soldier fly larvae to grow and reproduce from their own bacterial cells; The carrier is soybean meal, wheat bran, corn, rice bran, or rice husk; the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 25-37℃. The insect slurry and the carrier are mixed evenly at a weight ratio of 1-1.5:1; The step (1) also includes rinsing with clean water, which involves rinsing the black soldier fly larvae with clean water 2 to 4 times, placing the rinsed black soldier fly larvae on a filter screen to drain the water, and then breaking the black soldier fly larvae into a paste when no water flows down. The anaerobic fermentation is carried out in an anaerobic fermentation bag.

2. The black soldier fly larvae solid feed raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: (3) The fermented product is dried at low temperature to obtain black soldier fly solid feed raw material.

3. The black soldier fly solid feed raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier is soybean meal and wheat bran, with a weight ratio of soybean meal to wheat bran of 60-100%:0-40%.