A multi-stage variable speed motor

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-speed variable motor, comprising a rotor, a stator, a control chip, at least two slots of coils, and a corresponding number of control switches. Each coil is individually electrically connected to a control switch, and each control switch is electrically connected to the control chip. The control chip controls each control switch to conduct in either the forward or reverse direction to control the current direction of the coil, so that the coils respectively form the N-pole or S-pole of the motor. The control chip groups the control switches and conducts them in different timing sequences to control the alternating arrangement of the N-pole and S-pole of the motor, thus changing the speed of the motor. This invention employs an independent control method for each coil, allowing for pole changing and control of the motor's forward and reverse rotation, as well as phase control, ultimately resulting in a multi-speed variable, high-efficiency motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric motors, and in particular to a multi-speed variable motor. Background Technology

[0002] With the promotion of new energy vehicles and the widespread use of electric vehicles, motors, as an important component of these vehicles, have a very broad application prospect. However, motors often experience low efficiency during low-speed and high-speed operation, leading to unstable motor speeds and even intermittent operation.

[0003] For example, a dual-speed motor disclosed in patent number 201720353577.X, such as Figure 1 As shown, in this prior art, the motor controller connects switches K1ab, K1bc, and K1ac, while all other switches are disconnected. At this time, coils AA2, A3B, BB2, B3C, CC2, and C3A are connected in series, and the motor operates at low speed and high torque, suitable for the low-speed operation of the vehicle. When high-speed operation is required, the motor controller disconnects switches K1ab, K1bc, and K1ac, and simultaneously connects switches K2ba, K2ab, K2bc, K2cb, K2ac, and K2ca. At this time, coils AA2, A3B, BB2, B3C, CC2, and C3A are in a state of two coils connected in parallel and three sets of coils connected in series, allowing the motor to operate at high speed, suitable for the high-speed operation of the vehicle. It can be seen from this that: (1) the existing technology achieves low and high speed pole changing by changing the series and parallel states between coil groups, and there are only two pole changing states; (2) when the voltage is constant, the coil internal resistance is constant. According to calculation, the series resistance is four times the parallel resistance, which makes the total power of the motor in the two working conditions quite different. According to the motor principle, the power factor is different, and the efficiency will also be quite different. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-speed variable motor that solves the efficiency problem of motors at different speeds, featuring multi-speed variable capability and high efficiency, enabling the motor to operate smoothly.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A multi-speed variable motor includes a rotor, a stator, a control chip, at least two slots of coils, and a corresponding number of control switches. Each coil is individually electrically connected to a control switch, and each control switch is electrically connected to the control chip. The control chip controls each control switch to conduct in the forward or reverse direction to control the current direction of the coil, so that the coils respectively form the N pole or S pole of the motor. The control chip groups the control switches and conducts them in different timing sequences to control the N pole and S pole of the motor to be arranged and combined alternately to change the speed of the motor.

[0007] The number of coil slots is N, where N is an even number, and they are L1, L2, ..., L... N The control switches mentioned are also N, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... N The coil and control switch are divided into two groups. The control chip controls one group of switches Q1-Q2. N / 2 Forward conduction enables L1-L N / 2 The coil generates a positive current to form the N-pole magnetic pole of the motor, and the control chip controls another set of control switches Q. N / 2+1 -Q N Reverse conduction, making L N / 2+1 -L N When the coil is subjected to reverse current, it forms the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor has two poles, rotates in the forward direction, and has the highest speed.

[0008] The number of coil slots is N, where N is an even number, and they are L1, L2, ..., L... N The control switches mentioned are also N, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... N The coil and control switch are divided into two groups. The control chip controls one group of switches Q1-Q2. N / 2 Reverse conduction enables L1-L N / 2 The coil generates the S pole of the motor by reverse current, and the control chip controls another set of control switches Q. N / 2+1 -Q N Forward conduction enables L N / 2+1 -L N When the coil is filled with a positive current, it forms the N-pole magnetic pole of the motor. At this time, the motor has two poles. When the motor reverses, the speed is the highest.

[0009] The number of coil slots is N, where N is an even number, and they are L1, L2, ..., L... N The control switches mentioned are also N, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... N The coils and control switches are divided into N / 2 groups. The control chip assigns odd-numbered control switches Q1, Q3, ..., Q4 to each group. N-1 Forward conduction enables L1, L3, ..., L N-1The coil generates a positive current to form the N-pole magnetic pole of the motor. The control chip controls the even-numbered control switches Q2, Q4, ..., Q in each group. N Reverse conduction allows L2, L4, ..., L N When the coil is subjected to reverse current, it forms the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor is in N / 2 pole mode and the speed is the lowest.

[0010] The coil has 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L... 12 The control switches also number 12, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... 12 The coils and control switches are divided into two groups. The control chip forward-biased switches Q1-Q6 of one group, causing the L1-L6 coils to receive a positive current, forming the N pole of the motor. The control chip forward-biased switches Q7-Q6 of the other group. 12 Reverse conduction enables L7-L 12 When the coil is subjected to reverse current, it forms the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor has two poles and the speed is the highest.

[0011] The coil has 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L... 12 The control switches also number 12, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... 12 The coil and control switches are divided into six groups. The control chip assigns odd-numbered control switches Q1, Q3, ..., Q4 to each group. 11 Forward conduction enables L1, L3, ..., L 11 The coil generates a positive current to form the N pole of the motor. The control chip controls the odd and even numbers of control switches Q2, Q4, ..., Q in each group. 12 Reverse conduction allows L2, L4, ..., L 12 When the coil is subjected to reverse current, it forms the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor has six poles and the speed is the lowest.

[0012] The coil has 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L... 12 The control switches also number 12, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... 12 The coils and control switches are divided into four groups. The control chip forward-biased switches Q1-Q3 in the first group, causing the L1-L3 coils to receive a forward current, forming the N pole of the motor. The control chip reverse-biased switches Q4-Q6 in the second group, causing the L4-L6 coils to receive a reverse current, forming the S pole of the motor. The control chip forward-biased switches Q7-Q9 in the third group, causing the L7-L9 coils to receive a forward current, forming the N pole of the motor. The control chip forward-biased switches Q4-Q6 in the fourth group. 10 -Q 12 Reverse conduction, making L 10 -L12 When the coil is subjected to reverse current, it forms the S pole of the motor, making the motor a four-pole motor.

[0013] The control chip controls the current of the coils between two adjacent groups to have a phase difference.

[0014] The stator center has an empty cavity for the installation of the control chip and control switch.

[0015] Compared to existing technologies, which use series and parallel coil connections to achieve only two pole-changing modes (fast and slow), this invention addresses the issue of inconsistent coil resistance when the voltage remains constant. The series resistance is four times that of the parallel resistance, resulting in a significant difference in total power output. Furthermore, based on motor principles, the power factor varies considerably between these two operating conditions, leading to substantial differences in efficiency. In contrast, this invention employs independent control for each coil, with each coil connected in parallel, ensuring no impact on the overall power output during pole changing. The more slots, the more poles can be changed, allowing control over the motor's forward and reverse rotation, as well as phase. Therefore, the difference in overall motor power during pole changing is smaller, leading to increased efficiency and ultimately resulting in a multi-stage, high-efficiency motor. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 It is an electrical schematic diagram of existing technology;

[0017] Figure 2 This is the electrical schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the motor structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other technical solutions can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, a multi-speed variable motor includes a rotor 1, a stator 2, a control chip 3, an even-numbered slot coil L, and a corresponding number of control switches Q. Each coil L is individually electrically connected to a control switch Q, and each control switch Q is electrically connected to the control chip 3. The control chip 3 controls each control switch Q to conduct in the forward or reverse direction to control the current direction of the coil L, so that the coils L respectively form the N pole or S pole of the motor. The control chip 3 groups the control switches Q and conducts them in different timing sequences to control the N pole and S pole of the motor to be arranged and combined alternately to change the speed of the motor.

[0021] In the first stage of the motor of this invention, the number of coil slots is N, where N is an even number and an even multiple of 2, and they are L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L1, L10, L11, L2 ... L2 ... L N The control switches mentioned are also N, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... N The coil L and control switch Q are divided into two groups. The control chip controls one group of control switches Q1-Q2. N / 2 Forward conduction enables L1-L N / 2 The coil generates a positive current to form the N-pole magnetic pole of the motor, and the control chip controls another set of control switches Q. N / 2+1 -Q N Reverse conduction, making L N / 2+1 -L N When the coil is subjected to reverse current, it forms the S pole of the motor. At this point, the motor operates with two poles and reaches its highest speed. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the coil L has 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L... 12 There are also 12 control switches Q, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... 12 Divide coil L and control switch Q into two groups: coils L1-L6 and control switches Q1-Q6 form one group, and coils L7-L6 form the other group. 12 and control switch Q7-Q 12 For the other group, control switch Q1 has two pins A. 11 A 12 Four MOSFET switches Q 11 Q 12 Q 13 Q 14 , where Q 11 Q 12 Q is connected to one end of coil L1 respectively. 13 Q 14 Connected to the other end of coil L1, where pin A 11 Connect MOSFET switch Q 11 Q 14 The G terminal, pin A 12 Connect MOSFET switch Q 13 Q 12 The G terminal, pin A 11 A 12 Each is connected to pin A of control chip 3. 011 A 012 Similarly, the electrical connections for the other control switches Q, coil L, and control chip 3 are also the same. When control chip 3 connects to pin A of control switch Q1... 11 Switch Q of the MOSFET 11 Q 14 When a voltage is applied to the gate (G) of the MOSFET, the switching Q... 11Q 14 When the transistor is turned on, current flows from the MOSFET switch Q. 11 Through coil L1 to MOSFET switch Q 14 The direction of the flow is called the forward conduction of control switch Q1, and coil L1 forms the N pole of the motor. When control chip 3 connects to pin A of control switch Q2... 21 Switch Q of the MOSFET 21 Q 24 When a voltage is applied to the gate (G) of the MOSFET, the switching Q... 21 Q 24 When the transistor is turned on, current flows from the MOSFET switch Q. 21 Through coil L2 to MOSFET switch Q 24 The direction of the flow controls the forward conduction of switch Q2, causing coil L2 to form the N pole of the motor. Similarly, controlling the forward conduction of switches Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 causes coils L3, L4, L5, and L6 to form the N pole of the motor. In other words, coils L1-L6 all form the N pole of the motor in the same direction. Another group occurs when control chip 3 connects to pin A of control switch Q7. 72 Switch Q of the MOSFET 73 Q 72 When a voltage is applied to the gate (G) of the MOSFET, the switching Q... 73 Q 72 When the transistor is turned on, current flows from the MOSFET switch Q. 73 Through coil L7 to MOSFET switch Q 72 The direction of flow is called the reverse conduction of control switch Q7. Coil L7 forms the S pole magnetic pole of the motor. When control chip 3 connects to pin A of control switch Q8... 82 Switch Q of the MOSFET 83 Q 82 When a voltage is applied to the gate (G) of the MOSFET, the switching Q... 83 Q 82 When the transistor is turned on, current flows from the MOSFET switch Q. 83 Through coil L8 to MOSFET switch Q 82 The direction of flow controls the reverse conduction of switch Q8, and coil L8 forms the S pole of the motor. This process is repeated to control switches Q9 and Q... 10 Q 11 Q 12 Reverse conduction, coils L9 and L 10 L 11 L 12 When all poles are in the same direction, they form the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor has two poles, rotates in the forward direction, and has the highest speed.

[0022] Conversely, when control chip 3 connects pin A of control switches Q1-Q6 12 -A 62 Switching the MOSFET (Q) 13Q 12 ), (Q 23 Q 22 ), ..., (Q 63 Q 62 When a voltage is applied to the gate (G) of the MOSFET, the MOSFET switches (Q). 13 Q 12 ), (Q 23 Q 22 ), ..., (Q 63 Q 62 When the MOSFET is turned on, current flows from the MOSFET switch Q. 13 Through coil L1 to MOSFET switch Q 12 Current flows in the direction of the MOSFET switch Q. 23 Through coil L2 to MOSFET switch Q 22 The flow direction is reversed, and so on. Control switches Q1-Q6 are reversed, and coils L1-L6 all form the S pole of the motor in the same direction. In another group, control chip 3 connects control switches Q7-Q... 12 pin A 71 -A 121 Switching the MOSFET (Q) 71 Q 74 ), (Q 81 Q 84 ), ..., (Q 121 Q 124 When a voltage is applied to the gate (G) of the MOSFET, the MOSFET switches (Q). 71 Q 74 ), (Q 81 Q 84 ), ..., (Q 121 Q 124 When the MOSFET is turned on, current flows from the MOSFET switch Q. 71 Through coil L7 to MOSFET switch Q 74 Current flows in the direction of the MOSFET switch Q. 81 Through coil L8 to MOSFET switch Q 84 The direction of flow, and so on, control switches Q7-Q 12 Forward conduction, coil L7-L 12 When both poles are in the same direction, they form the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor has two poles. When the motor rotates in reverse, the speed is the highest.

[0023] In the second stage of the motor of this invention, the number of coils L is N slots, where N is an even number and an even multiple of 2, and they are L1, L2, ..., L... N The control switches Q are also N, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... N The coil L and control switch Q are divided into N / 2 groups. The control chip assigns odd-numbered control switches Q1, Q3, ..., Q4 to each group.N-1 Forward conduction enables L1, L3, ..., L N-1 The coil forms the N pole of the motor, and the control chip controls the even-numbered control switches Q2, Q4, ..., Q in each group. N Reverse conduction allows L2, L4, ..., L N When the coil is subjected to reverse current, it forms the motor and the S pole magnetic pole. At this time, the motor is in N / 2 pole mode, and the speed is the lowest. For example... Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the coil has 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L... 12 The control switches also number 12, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q... 12 Divide coil L and control switch Q into six groups. Coils L1-L2 and control switches Q1-Q2 form the first group, coils L3-L4 and control switches Q3-Q4 form the second group, and so on. 11 -L 12 and control switch Q 11 -Q 12 For the sixth group, control chip 3 connects the odd-numbered control switches Q1, Q3, ..., Q in each group. 11 pin A 11 -A 31 Switching the MOSFET (Q) 11 Q 14 ), (Q 31 Q 34 )……、(Q 111 Q 114 Applying pressure to the forward conduction gates allows L1, L3, ..., L... 11 The coil generates a positive current to form the motor and the N-pole magnetic pole. Control chip 3 connects the even-numbered control switches Q2, Q4, ..., Q in each group. 12 Pin A 22 A 42 ...Q 122 , to switch the MOSFET (Q) 23 Q 22 ), (Q 43 Q 42 )……、(Q 123 Q 122 Applying pressure reverses the conduction, causing L2, L4, ..., L... 12 When the coil is subjected to reverse current, it forms the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor has six poles and the speed is the lowest.

[0024] The third step-changing method of the motor of this invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the coil L has 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L... 12 There are also 12 control switches Q, namely Q1, Q2, ..., Q...12 Divide coil L and control switch Q into four groups. Coils L1-L3 and control switches Q1-Q3 form the first group, coils L4-L6 and control switches Q4-Q6 form the second group, and so on. 10 -L 12 and control switch Q 10 -Q 12 For the fourth group, control chip 3 connects to pin A of control switches Q1-Q3 of the first group. 11 A 21 Q31 switches the MOSFET (Q 11 Q 14 ), (Q 21 Q 24 ), (Q 31 Q 44 When the voltage is applied and the circuit is forward-biased, the L1-L3 coils generate a positive current, forming the N pole of the motor. Control chip 3 then connects pin A of the adjacent second set of control switches Q4-Q6. 42 A 52 Q 62 Switching the MOSFET (Q) 43 Q 42 ), (Q 53 Q 52 ), (Q 63 Q 62 Reverse conduction causes the L4-L6 coils to generate reverse current, forming the S pole of the motor. Control chip 3 then connects pin A of the adjacent third group of control switches Q7-Q9. 71 A 81 Q 91 Switching the MOSFET (Q) 71 Q 14 ), (Q 81 Q 84 ), (Q 91 Q 94 When the voltage is applied and the circuit is forward-biased, the L7-L9 coils generate a positive current, forming the N pole of the motor. Control chip 3 then connects the adjacent fourth control switch Q. 10 -Q 12 pin A 102 A 112 Q 122 Switching the MOSFET (Q) 103 Q 102 ), (Q 113 Q 112 ), (Q 123 Q 122 Applying pressure to reverse conduction causes L 10 - The L12 coil generates a reverse current to form the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor is a four-pole motor with a medium speed.

[0025] In the embodiments described above, in order to ensure that the N pole and S pole of the motor appear in pairs, the number of groups of coil L and control switch Q is even. Admittedly, the number of coil L and corresponding control switches Q in this case is not necessarily even; it can also be odd. The number of groups can also be odd, because each coil L in this case adopts an independent control method. The control chip can control some control switches Q to not conduct, so that coil L does not work, control some groups to not work, or input currents with phase differences between different coil Ls or between different groups.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the stator 2 has an empty cavity in the center for the control chip and control switches Q1, Q2, ..., Q3. 12 , installation.

[0027] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention, as well as its advantages. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-speed variable motor, characterized in that: It includes a rotor, stator, control chip, at least two slots of coils and a corresponding number of control switches. Each coil is individually electrically connected to a control switch, and each control switch is electrically connected to the control chip. The control chip controls each control switch to conduct in the forward or reverse direction to control the current direction of the coil, so that the coils form the N pole or S pole of the motor respectively. The control chip groups the control switches and conducts them in different timing sequences to control the N pole and S pole of the motor to be arranged and combined alternately to change the motor's stages. The control switch has a first and a second pin, as well as a first, second, third, and fourth MOSFET switch. The first and second MOSFET switches are connected to one end of the coil, and the third and fourth MOSFET switches are connected to the other end of the coil. The first pin is connected to the gate (G) of the first and fourth MOSFET switches, and the second pin is connected to the gate (G) of the second and third MOSFET switches. The first and second pins of the control switch are electrically connected to the pins of the control chip.

2. The multi-speed variable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coils have N slots, where N is an even number, and are designated L1, L2, ..., LN. There are also N control switches, designated Q1, Q2, ..., QN. The coils and control switches are divided into two groups. The control chip forward-biased switches Q1-QN / 2, causing the L1-LN / 2 coils to receive a forward current, forming the N-pole of the motor. The control chip reverse-biased switches QN / 2+1-QN, causing the LN / 2+1-LN coils to receive a reverse current, forming the S-pole of the motor. At this point, the motor has two poles, rotates forward, and reaches its highest speed.

3. The multi-speed variable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coils have N slots, where N is an even number, and are designated L1, L2, ..., LN. There are also N control switches, designated Q1, Q2, ..., QN. The coils and control switches are divided into two groups. The control chip reverse-biased switching on one group of switches, Q1-QN / 2, causing the L1-LN / 2 coils to generate reverse current, forming the motor's S pole. The control chip forward-biased switching on the other group of switches, QN / 2+1-QN, causing the LN / 2+1-LN coils to generate forward current, forming the motor's N pole. At this point, the motor operates with two poles, reversing the rotation and reaching its highest speed.

4. A multi-speed variable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coils have N slots, where N is an even number, and are designated L1, L2, ..., LN. There are also N control switches, designated Q1, Q2, ..., QN. The coils and control switches are grouped into N / 2 groups. The control chip forward-biased switches Q1, Q3, ..., QN-1 in each group, causing the L1, L3, ..., LN-1 coils to generate positive current, forming the N-pole of the motor. The control chip reverse-biased switches Q2, Q4, ..., QN in each group, causing the L2, L4, ..., LN coils to generate reverse current, forming the S-pole of the motor. At this point, the motor operates with N / 2 poles, resulting in the lowest speed.

5. A multi-speed variable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coils have 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L12, and there are also 12 control switches, designated Q1, Q2, ..., Q12. The coils and control switches are divided into two groups. The control chip forward-biased switches Q1-Q6, causing the L1-L6 coils to generate positive current and form the N pole of the motor. The control chip reverse-biased switches Q7-Q12, causing the L7-L12 coils to generate reverse current and form the S pole of the motor. At this time, the motor has two poles and reaches its highest speed.

6. A multi-speed variable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coils have 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L12, and there are also 12 control switches, designated Q1, Q2, ..., Q12. The coils and control switches are divided into six groups. The control chip forward-biased switches Q1, Q3, ..., Q11 in each group, causing the L1, L3, ..., L11 coils to generate positive current, forming the N pole of the motor. The control chip reverse-biased switches Q2, Q4, ..., Q12 in each group, causing the L2, L4, ..., L12 coils to generate reverse current, forming the S pole of the motor. At this point, the motor has six poles and operates at its lowest speed.

7. A multi-speed variable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coils have 12 slots, designated L1, L2, ..., L12, and there are also 12 control switches, designated Q1, Q2, ..., Q12. The coils and control switches are divided into four groups. The control chip forward-biased switches Q1-Q3 of the first group, causing the L1-L3 coils to generate positive current and form the N pole of the motor. The control chip reverse-biased switches Q4-Q6 of the second group, causing the L4-L6 coils to generate negative current and form the S pole of the motor. The control chip forward-biased switches Q7-Q9 of the third group, causing the L7-L9 coils to generate positive current and form the N pole of the motor. The control chip reverse-biased switches Q10-Q12 of the fourth group, causing the L10-L12 coils to generate negative current and form the S pole of the motor. At this point, the motor has four poles.

8. A multi-speed variable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control chip controls the current of the coils between two adjacent groups to have a phase difference.

9. A multi-speed variable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator center has an empty cavity for the installation of the control chip and control switch.

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