A minimally invasive reduction device for pelvic fracture

Abstract

A minimally invasive reduction device for pelvic fractures belongs to the technical field of orthopedic medical devices and is used for minimally invasive reduction of pelvic fractures during surgery. The technical scheme is as follows: two parallel reduction rods are perpendicular to the crossbeam, the upper ends of the two reduction rods are respectively connected to the two ends of the crossbeam by a transverse axis, a vertical screw is connected to the center of the crossbeam, the lower end of the screw is rotatably connected to the upper ends of the two pull rods, the lower ends of the two pull rods are respectively connected to the inner side of the reduction rod by a rotating shaft, the inner sides of the lower parts of the two reduction rods are respectively provided with longitudinal slide grooves, the two longitudinal sliders are respectively embedded in the two longitudinal slide grooves, the longitudinal lead screw passes through the long hole of the reduction rod and is connected to the upper end of the longitudinal slider by a thread, and the lower parts of the two reduction rods are respectively connected to the bone hook and the fixing plate. The present invention can effectively control the fracture displacement in the horizontal plane and the coronal plane while performing minimally invasive reduction, accurately reduce the pelvic fracture, avoid displacement of the fracture site, and provide scientific and technological support for minimally invasive reduction surgery of pelvic fractures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a surgical instrument for performing minimally invasive reduction of pelvic fractures during surgery, belonging to the technical field of orthopedic medical instruments. Background Art

[0002] Pelvic fractures are common severe fractures in clinical practice, and are often seen in middle-aged and young people who suffer high-energy injuries. Due to the complex and changeable fracture morphology, clinical treatment is more difficult. The purpose of pelvic fracture treatment is to restore the shape of the pelvis, restore the force line of the lower limbs, and reduce complications such as postoperative limb length inequality and traumatic arthritis. The key step in surgical treatment of pelvic fractures is to reduce the displaced fracture fragments. Common reduction techniques are mostly open reduction and internal fixation, which often require a large range of exposure of the soft tissue around the pelvis. For type B and type C fractures, closed reduction means are limited, and patients have more displaced fracture fragments, which greatly increases the risks of postoperative soft tissue adhesion, incision infection, and nerve damage. At present, the development trend of orthopedic surgery is minimally invasive reduction, but in minimally invasive surgery of pelvic fractures, minimally invasive reduction is difficult to control the fracture displacement of the horizontal and coronal planes at the same time, which brings very difficult problems to minimally invasive surgery of pelvic fractures and restricts the development of minimally invasive reduction surgery of pelvic fractures. Therefore, how to effectively control the fracture displacement of the horizontal and coronal planes while performing minimally invasive reduction has become an urgent problem to be solved in minimally invasive surgery of pelvic fractures. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fractures, which can control the fracture displacement in the coronal and sagittal planes while reducing the pelvic fracture, ensure accurate reduction, and avoid displacement of the fracture site.

[0004] The technical solution to solve the above technical problems is:

[0005] A minimally invasive reduction device for pelvic fractures comprises a crossbeam, a reduction rod, a transverse axis, a pull rod, a screw, a wrench, a longitudinal slide groove, a longitudinal slider, a longitudinal lead screw, a lead screw hole, a lead screw handle, a bone block hook, and a fixing plate. Two parallel reduction rods are respectively located at the two ends of the crossbeam, the two reduction rods are perpendicular to the crossbeam, the upper ends of the two reduction rods are respectively connected to the two ends of the crossbeam by the transverse axis, a vertical screw hole is provided at the center of the crossbeam, the upper end of the screw passes through the screw hole of the crossbeam and is connected to the wrench, the lower end of the screw is rotatably connected to the upper ends of the two pull rods, and the two pull rods are connected to the two ends of the crossbeam. The lower ends of the rods are connected to the inner sides of the reset rods by rotating shafts, the lower inner sides of the two reset rods are respectively provided with longitudinal grooves, the two longitudinal sliders are respectively embedded in the two longitudinal grooves, the two reset rods are provided with long holes along the length direction of the reset rods, the lower ends of the long holes are opposite to the upper ends of the longitudinal grooves, the longitudinal lead screws pass through the long holes of the reset rods and are connected to the upper ends of the longitudinal sliders by threads, the upper ends of the longitudinal lead screws are provided with lead screw handles, the lower outer sides of the two reset rods are respectively connected to bone block hooks, the inner sides of the two longitudinal sliders are respectively connected to fixing plates, and the fixing plates are provided with fixing nail holes.

[0006] The above-mentioned minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fractures has transverse displacement axes extending outward at both ends of the crossbeam, and the inner sides of the two reduction rods have transverse displacement holes perpendicular to the reduction rods, and the apertures of the transverse displacement holes match the outer diameter of the transverse displacement axes. The transverse displacement holes of the two reduction rods are relatively connected to the transverse displacement axes at both ends of the crossbeam, and the transverse displacement axes and the transverse displacement holes are in sliding fit.

[0007] The minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fractures has a sleeve at the lower end of the screw, the sleeve is sleeved on the lower end of the screw, the sleeve and the screw are in sliding fit, the two sides of the sleeve are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two pull rods by pins, the lower bottom surface of the screw has a circular bottom plate, the diameter of the bottom plate is larger than the outer diameter of the sleeve, the bottom plate is located below the sleeve, and the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the lower bottom surface of the screw by a bottom plate bolt.

[0008] In the above-mentioned minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fractures, the longitudinal grooves at the lower ends of the two reduction rods are T-slots or dovetail grooves, the cross-sections of the two longitudinal sliders match the longitudinal grooves, and the longitudinal sliders are in sliding fit with the longitudinal grooves.

[0009] The above-mentioned minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fractures has a positioning groove surrounding the upper ends of the two longitudinal screws, a top screw hole is provided on the upper side wall of the reduction rod, the top screw hole passes through the side wall of the reduction rod to reach the long hole of the reduction rod, the inner wall of the top screw hole is threaded, the top screw is screwed into the top screw hole, and the front end of the top screw passes through the top screw hole and is embedded in the positioning groove at the upper end of the longitudinal screw in the long hole.

[0010] The above-mentioned minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fractures has screw holes at the upper ends of the two longitudinal sliders, the threads on the inner walls of the screw holes match the threads of the longitudinal screws, and the lower ends of the longitudinal screws are screwed into the screw holes of the longitudinal sliders.

[0011] In the above-mentioned minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fracture, the fixing plates on the inner sides of the longitudinal sliding blocks at the lower parts of the two reduction rods are L-shaped, and fixing nail holes are respectively provided on the plates on both sides of the L-shaped fixing plates.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0013] The lower ends of the two reduction rods of the present invention are fixedly connected to the bilateral posterior superior iliac spines through bone block hooks and fixing plates, and the upper ends of the reduction rods can be moved horizontally left and right on both sides of the crossbeam through a transverse movement shaft, a pull rod and a screw rod, driving the bone block hook and the fixing plate to move horizontally to restore the width of the sacroiliac joint and the sacrum; the longitudinal sliding block is finely adjusted longitudinally in the longitudinal sliding groove through the longitudinal lead screw, driving the bone block hook and the fixing plate to move longitudinally, and the vertical displacement of the fracture can be corrected.

[0014] The present invention is the first of its kind in minimally invasive reduction of pelvic fractures. It solves the difficult problem of how to effectively control fracture displacement in the horizontal and coronal planes during minimally invasive reduction. It can ensure accurate reduction of pelvic fractures and avoid displacement of the fracture site. It provides scientific and technological support for the implementation of minimally invasive reduction surgery for pelvic fractures and is worthy of promotion and application in the industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the screw and the tie rod;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the longitudinal slider and the longitudinal lead screw;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the reset rod and the longitudinal screw.

[0019] The markings in the figure are as follows: crossbeam 1, reset rod 2, transverse axis 3, screw 4, wrench 5, pull rod 6, rotating shaft 7, longitudinal slide groove 8, longitudinal slider 9, longitudinal lead screw 10, long hole 11, lead screw hole 12, lead screw handle 13, bone block hook 14, fixing plate 15, fixing nail hole 16, sleeve 17, pin 18, boss 19, bottom plate 20, bottom plate bolt 21, positioning groove 22, top screw hole 23, top screw 24. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The invention is composed of a crossbeam 1, a reset rod 2, a transverse axis 3, a screw rod 4, a pull rod 6, a longitudinal slide groove 8, a longitudinal slide block 9, a longitudinal lead screw 10, a bone block hook 14 and a fixing plate 15.

[0021] Figure 1It is shown that the cross beam 1 is placed horizontally, and the cross section of the cross beam 1 is circular or square. Two reset rods 2 are respectively located on both sides of the cross beam 1, and the two reset rods 2 are parallel and perpendicular to the cross beam 1. The two ends of the cross beam 1 have transverse shafts 3 extending outward, and the inner sides of the two reset rods 2 have transverse holes perpendicular to the reset rods 2, and the apertures of the transverse holes match the outer diameter of the transverse shaft 3. The transverse holes of the two reset rods 2 are relatively connected to the transverse shafts 3 at both ends of the cross beam 1, and the transverse shafts 3 and the transverse holes are in sliding fit. The two reset rods 2 can slide left and right along the transverse shaft 3.

[0022] Figure 1 It is shown that there is a vertical screw hole at the center of the beam 1, and the upper end of the screw rod 4 passes through the screw hole of the beam 1 and is connected to the wrench 5. Turning the wrench 5 can make the screw rod 4 rotate in the screw hole of the beam 1, and then the screw rod 4 moves up and down. The lower end of the screw rod 4 is rotatably connected to the upper ends of the two pull rods 6.

[0023] Figure 2 It is shown that the lower end of the screw rod 4 is provided with a sleeve 17, which is sleeved on the lower end of the screw rod 4. The sleeve 17 and the screw rod 4 are in sliding fit. The two sides of the sleeve 17 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two tie rods 6 by a pin 18, and the pin 18 allows the sleeve 17 and the upper ends of the two tie rods 6 to rotate. The lower bottom surface of the screw rod 4 is provided with a circular bottom plate 20, which is fixedly connected to the lower bottom surface of the screw rod 4 by a bottom plate bolt 21. The diameter of the bottom plate 20 is larger than the outer diameter of the sleeve 17, and the bottom plate 20 is located below the sleeve 17. There is an annular boss 19 on the rod body of the screw rod 4 above the sleeve 17. The function of the boss 19 is to constrain the sleeve 17 together with the bottom plate 20, so that the screw rod 4 can rotate in the sleeve 17 when moving up and down, and can drive the sleeve 17 to move together.

[0024] Figure 1 It is shown that the lower ends of the two pull rods 6 are respectively connected to the inner side of the reduction rod 2 by the rotating shaft 7. When the screw rod 4 moves up and down, the reduction rod 2 is pushed to move on both sides along the transverse axis 3 through the pull rod 6, so that the distance between the two reduction rods 2 changes, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the gap between the fracture fragments or reducing the fracture.

[0025] Figure 1 It is shown that the lower inner sides of the two reset rods 2 are provided with longitudinal grooves 8, which are T-shaped grooves or dovetail grooves, and the cross-sections of the two longitudinal sliders 9 match the longitudinal grooves 8. The two longitudinal sliders 9 are respectively embedded in the two longitudinal grooves 8, and the longitudinal sliders 9 are in sliding fit with the longitudinal grooves 8. The longitudinal sliders 9 are pulled by the longitudinal lead screw 10.

[0026] Figure 1 , 34 shows that the two reset rods 2 are provided with long holes 11 along the length direction of the reset rods 2, the lower end of the long hole 11 is opposite to the upper end of the longitudinal slide groove 8, the longitudinal lead screw 10 passes through the long hole of the reset rod 2 and is connected to the upper end of the longitudinal slide block 9 by a thread, and the upper end of the longitudinal lead screw 10 is provided with a lead screw handle 13, which is located above the reset rod 2, and rotating the lead screw handle 13 can drive the longitudinal lead screw 10 to rotate.

[0027] Figure 3 As shown, the upper ends of the two longitudinal sliders 9 are respectively provided with screw holes 12 , the threads of the inner walls of the screw holes 12 match the threads of the longitudinal screws 10 , and the lower ends of the longitudinal screws 10 are screwed into the screw holes 12 of the longitudinal sliders 9 .

[0028] Figure 4 It is shown that the upper ends of the two longitudinal lead screws 10 are surrounded by positioning grooves 22, and the upper side wall of the reset rod 2 is provided with a top screw hole 23, which passes through the side wall of the reset rod 2 to reach the long hole 11 of the reset rod 2, and the inner wall of the top screw hole 23 is threaded, and the top screw 24 is screwed into the top screw hole 23, and the front end of the top screw 24 passes through the top screw hole 23 and is embedded in the positioning groove 22 at the upper end of the longitudinal lead screw 10 in the long hole 11. The longitudinal lead screw 10 is positioned by the top screw 24 and can only rotate but not move up and down, so that the longitudinal slider 9 connected to the lower end of the longitudinal lead screw 10 moves up and down along the longitudinal lead screw 10.

[0029] Figure 1 As shown, the lower outer sides of the two reduction rods 2 are respectively connected to the bone hooks 14, and the lower inner sides of the two reduction rods 2 are respectively connected to the fixing plates 15, and the fixing plates 15 have fixing nail holes 16. The fixing plates 15 are L-shaped, and the two side plates of the L-shaped fixing plates 15 have fixing nail holes 16 respectively.

[0030] The method of use of the present invention is as follows:

[0031] For fractures of sacrum or sacroiliac joint separation or compression, firstly, screws are inserted through the fixing nail holes 16 of the fixing plate 15 connected to the front end of the reduction rod 2 to fix the fixing plate 15 on the bilateral posterior superior iliac spines;

[0032] Then, the wrench 5 is turned to move the screw rod 4 up and down, and the lower end of the screw rod 4 pushes the reset rod 2 to move on both sides through the pull rod 6, so that the distance between the two reset rods 2 changes, and the fixing plate 15 at the lower end of the reset rod 2 moves accordingly, so as to achieve the purpose of restoring the width of the sacroiliac joint and the sacrum;

[0033] Then, the vertical displacement of the fracture is adjusted by rotating the screw handle 13 to drive the longitudinal screw 10 to rotate, so that the longitudinal slider 9 connected to the lower end of the longitudinal screw 10 moves up and down along the longitudinal screw 10. Since the fixing plate 15 is connected to the longitudinal slider 10, the movement of the longitudinal slider 10 can drive the fixing plate 15 to move up and down, thereby realizing fine-tuning and correcting the vertical displacement of the fracture;

[0034] After the fluoroscopy shows that the fracture fragments are well reduced, the reduction is completed.

[0035] An embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0036] The length of beam 1 is 130 mm, the width is 12 mm, and the thickness is 10 mm;

[0037] The length of the reset rod 2 is 180 mm, the width of the upper half is 20 mm, the width of the lower half is 12 mm, and the thickness is 10 mm;

[0038] The diameter of the traverse axis 3 is 5 mm and the length is 170 mm;

[0039] The screw 4 has a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 160 mm;

[0040] The diameter of the pull rod 6 is 5 mm and the length is 90 mm;

[0041] The length of the longitudinal slide groove 8 is 80 mm;

[0042] The length of the longitudinal slider 9 is 80 mm;

[0043] The diameter of the longitudinal screw 10 is 50 mm and the length is 120 mm;

[0044] The length of the bone hook 14 is 25 mm;

[0045] The fixing piece 15 has a length of 25 mm and a width of 12 mm;

[0046] The diameter of the fixing nail hole 16 is 4 mm.

Claims

1. A minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fractures, characterized in that: It comprises a crossbeam (1), a reset rod (2), a transverse axis (3), a pull rod (6), a screw rod (4), a wrench (5), a longitudinal slide groove (8), a longitudinal slider (9), a longitudinal screw (10), a screw hole (12), a screw handle (13), a bone hook (14), and a fixing plate (15). Two parallel reset rods (2) are respectively located at two ends of the crossbeam (1). The two reset rods (2) are perpendicular to the crossbeam (1). The upper ends of the two reset rods (2) are respectively connected to the two ends of the crossbeam (1) by the transverse axis (3). A vertical screw hole is provided at the center of the crossbeam (1). The upper end of the screw rod (4) passes through the screw hole of the crossbeam (1) and is connected to the wrench (5). The lower end of the screw rod (4) is rotatably connected to the upper ends of the two pull rods (6). The lower ends of the two pull rods (6) are The two reset rods (2) are connected to the inner side of the reset rod (2) by a rotating shaft (7), the inner sides of the lower parts of the two reset rods (2) are respectively provided with longitudinal grooves (8), the two longitudinal slide blocks (9) are respectively embedded in the two longitudinal grooves (8), the two reset rods (2) are provided with long holes (11) along the length direction of the reset rods (2), the lower ends of the long holes (11) are opposite to the upper ends of the longitudinal grooves (8), the longitudinal lead screw (10) passes through the long holes (11) of the reset rods (2) and is connected to the upper ends of the longitudinal slide blocks (9) by threads, the upper ends of the longitudinal lead screw (10) are provided with lead screw handles (13), the outer sides of the lower parts of the two reset rods (2) are respectively connected to bone hooks (14), the inner sides of the two longitudinal slide blocks (9) are respectively connected to fixing plates (115), and the fixing plates (15) are provided with fixing nail holes (16); The two ends of the cross beam (1) are respectively provided with a transverse shift shaft (3) extending outward, the inner sides of the upper ends of the two reset rods (2) are respectively provided with a transverse shift hole perpendicular to the reset rod (2), the diameter of the transverse shift hole matches the outer diameter of the transverse shift shaft (3), the transverse shift holes of the two reset rods (2) are relatively connected to the transverse shift shafts (3) at the two ends of the cross beam (1), and the transverse shift shafts (3) and the transverse shift holes are in sliding fit; The lower end of the screw rod (4) is provided with a sleeve (17), which is sleeved on the lower end of the screw rod (4). The sleeve (17) and the screw rod (4) are in sliding fit. The two sides of the sleeve (17) are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two pull rods (6) by pins (18). The lower bottom surface of the screw rod (4) is provided with a circular bottom plate (20). The diameter of the bottom plate (20) is larger than the outer diameter of the sleeve (17). The bottom plate (20) is located below the sleeve (17). The bottom plate (20) is fixedly connected to the lower bottom surface of the screw rod (4) by bottom plate bolts (21).

2. The minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal slide grooves (8) at the lower ends of the two reset rods (2) are T-shaped grooves or dovetail grooves, the cross-sections of the two longitudinal slide blocks (9) match the longitudinal slide grooves (8), and the longitudinal slide blocks (9) and the longitudinal slide grooves (8) are in sliding fit.

3. The minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper ends of the two longitudinal lead screws (10) are surrounded by a positioning groove (22), and the upper side wall of the reset rod (2) is provided with a top screw hole (23), the top screw hole (23) passes through the side wall of the reset rod to reach the long hole (11), the inner wall of the top screw hole (23) is threaded, and the top screw (24) is screwed into the top screw hole (23), and the front end of the top screw (24) passes through the top screw hole (23) and is embedded in the positioning groove (22) at the upper end of the longitudinal lead screw (10) in the long hole (11).

4. The minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper ends of the two longitudinal sliders (9) are respectively provided with screw holes (12), the threads on the inner walls of the screw holes match the threads of the longitudinal screw (10), and the lower ends of the longitudinal screws (10) are screwed into the screw holes (12) of the longitudinal sliders (9).

5. The minimally invasive reducer for pelvic fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing piece (15) on the inner side of the longitudinal sliding block (9) at the lower part of the two reset rods (2) is L-shaped, and fixing nail holes (16) are respectively provided on the two side plates of the L-shaped fixing piece (15).

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