Vertical windmill

Abstract

The application provides a vertical windmill, which comprises a vertically arranged windmill rotating tower, the rotating tower comprises a vertically arranged rotating shaft, a blade plate is connected to the side of the rotating shaft, the windmill blade plate is driven to rotate by wind, the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected to an energy conversion device, the rotating shaft passes through a radial bearing from top to bottom, the radial bearing is arranged in a bearing seat on a frame, a first supporting table on the frame is provided with a core adjusting mechanism for adjusting and fixing the horizontal position of the bearing seat, a rotating supporting structure is arranged between the rotating shaft and the frame for axially supporting the rotating shaft and the connected blade plate. In the above scheme, the core adjusting mechanism can adjust the concentricity of the upper and lower bearing seats during installation. The core position of the rotating shaft is adjusted, so that the cores of the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft are consistent and no large offset is generated, and damage of parts caused by eccentric offset is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of wind energy utilization, and specifically to a windmill. Background Technology

[0002] The turret of a large wind turbine is arranged vertically, that is, the turret shaft is arranged vertically. The blades are located in the vertical plane. When the blades revolve around the sun, they rotate on their own axis. The weight of the turret, including the blades and the turret shaft, is considerable. Moreover, the upper and lower sections of the turret shaft generally need to be placed in radial bearings. When the radial bearings of the upper and lower sections are misaligned, the turret shaft is difficult to install or the equipment is prone to damage after installation. How to adjust the radial bearings of the upper and lower sections to make them concentric is an unavoidable design problem. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vertical windmill in which the position of the radial bearing core at the upper and lower ends can be adjusted.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a vertical wind turbine, including a vertically arranged wind turbine turret, the wind turbine turret including a vertically arranged rotating shaft, a blade plate connected to the side of the rotating shaft, the wind blowing the blade plate to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the lower end of the rotating shaft torque output end is used to connect an energy conversion device, the rotating shaft passes through a radial bearing from top to bottom, the radial bearing is set in a bearing seat on the frame, a self-adjusting mechanism for adjusting and fixing the horizontal position of the bearing seat is arranged on the first support platform on the frame, and a rotating support structure is provided between the rotating shaft and the frame for axial support of the rotating shaft and the connected blade plate.

[0005] The above solution utilizes a self-aligning mechanism to adjust the concentricity of the upper and lower bearing housings during installation. Adjusting the position of the shaft's core ensures that the cores at both ends of the shaft are aligned, preventing significant misalignment and thus avoiding damage to components caused by eccentricity. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0007] Figure 2 , 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0008] Figure 4 , 5 Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the windmill base structure;

[0009] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view of plane AA;

[0010] Figure 7 , 10 This is a breakdown diagram of the windmill base;

[0011] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft brake structure. Detailed Implementation

[0013] A vertical wind turbine includes a vertically arranged wind turbine turret, which includes a vertically arranged rotating shaft 30. A blade 50 is connected to the side of the rotating shaft 30. Wind power blows the blade 50, causing the rotating shaft 30 to rotate. The lower torque output end of the rotating shaft 30 is used to connect an energy conversion device. The rotating shaft 30 passes through a radial bearing in the vertical direction. The radial bearing is set in a bearing seat 70 on a frame 90. A self-adjusting mechanism for adjusting and fixing the horizontal position of the bearing seat 70 is arranged on a first support platform 80 on the frame 90. A rotating support structure 34 is provided between the rotating shaft 30 and the frame 90 for axial support of the rotating shaft 30 and the connected blade 50.

[0014] The self-aligning mechanism includes self-aligning bolts 81 mounted on a first support platform 80 on the outer side of the bearing housing 70. At least three self-aligning bolts 81 are evenly spaced around the circumference of the cylindrical bearing housing 70. The core of each self-aligning bolt 81 is horizontal and moves and locks radially along the bearing housing 70. The tail end of each self-aligning bolt 81 abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the bearing housing 70. Adjusting the position of the tail end of each self-aligning bolt 81 along the radial displacement of the bearing housing 70 changes the center position of the arc formed by the tail ends of all the self-aligning bolts 81. This center position is the core position of the bearing housing 70, thus adjusting the concentricity of the upper and lower bearing housings 70 during installation and adjusting the core position of the rotating shaft 30.

[0015] A shim is provided between the tail end of the self-aligning bolt 81 and the outer peripheral wall of the bearing housing 70. This prevents the tail end of the self-aligning bolt 81 from directly rubbing against the outer peripheral wall of the bearing housing 70 when it rotates. At the same time, it allows for a larger adjustment range by adding or removing shims when using a shorter self-aligning bolt 81, thus preventing the longer self-aligning bolt 81 from breaking under greater stress.

[0016] The wind turbine turrets are arranged in at least two layers along the axial direction of the shaft 30. The upper or lower end of the shaft 30 passes through the platform 91 and is coaxially connected to the lower or upper end of the shaft 30 of the adjacent wind turbine turret. The lower end of the lowest shaft 30 is the torque output end for connecting the energy conversion device. In the above scheme, multiple layers of wind turbine turrets are arranged, and the shafts 30 of each wind turbine turret are connected so that the torque generated by the wind blowing from the multiple layers of wind turbine turrets is output from the same shaft. In this way, only one set of energy conversion devices needs to be installed on the vertically arranged multi-layer wind turbine turrets, and the energy conversion device only needs to be connected to one of the shafts 30. Through the multi-layer arrangement of wind turbine turrets, more wind turbines can be arranged in the same installation area, increasing the windward area and maximizing the utilization of wind power. This is especially suitable for users such as factories in urban areas to install wind turbine generators using these wind turbines in a small area, thereby reducing electricity costs and saving energy.

[0017] The upper end of the rotating shaft 30 is provided with a flange, and the lower end of the rotating shaft 30 passes through the platform 91 to form a concentric insertion fit with the lower connecting shaft 33 for axial and circumferential limiting. The lower end of the lower connecting shaft 33 is provided with a flange, and the flange at the upper end of the rotating shaft 30 is connected to the flange of the lower connecting shaft 33 of the adjacent upper wind turbine tower. By connecting the upper and lower rotating shafts 30 with flanges, the power of the multi-layer wind turbine is integrated onto a single shaft. Since flanges need to be provided at both the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft 30 for connection, it is difficult for the complete rotating shaft to pass through the platform 91. Therefore, the same rotating shaft is divided into multiple sections, which also facilitates the processing, installation, and transportation of the rotating shaft.

[0018] The rotating shaft 30 and the lower connecting shaft 33 are hollow tubular shafts. The connecting bolts pass through and lock the tube walls of both to achieve axial and circumferential limiting. The hollow tubular structure can significantly reduce its own weight while ensuring sufficient bending and torsional resistance. This also ensures that the torque obtained by the rotating shaft 30 is transmitted from top to bottom and drives the generator and other equipment arranged at the lower position.

[0019] The rotating support structure 34 includes magnetic units A and B. One of the magnetic units A and B is connected to the rotating shaft 30 of each layer of the wind turbine turret, and the other magnetic unit is connected to the frame 90. The magnetic units A and B cooperate to provide levitation magnetic force to counteract the weight of the rotating shaft 30 and the connected blades 50. In the above scheme, the weight of each layer of rotating shaft 30 and connected blades 50 is borne by the magnetic force between the magnetic units A and B, eliminating the need for radial bearings. Radial bearings provide radial support for the rotating shaft 30, which is extremely important for large wind turbines because the turret composed of the rotating shaft 30 and blades 50 is quite heavy, reaching several tons or even tens of tons depending on the specific specifications. If end-face bearings are used to bear such a heavy load and maintain continuous rotation, the bearing life will be difficult to guarantee. Even by improving the bearing specifications and materials, the volume will increase significantly, and the cost will be difficult to reduce. Therefore, this invention chooses a magnetic levitation scheme to bear the weight of the turret, with the positioning of the rotating shaft core being borne by radial bearings. The magnetic levitation mechanism avoids the increase in rotational friction caused by radial bearing wear, which reduces the energy conversion rate. Moreover, the low friction when the magnetic levitation end rotates is beneficial to improving the energy conversion rate. Magnetic units A and B can be permanent magnets. When the overall weight of the wind turbine is too large, electromagnets can also be used. One of the magnetic units is connected to the frame 90 because the magnetic unit is closer to the frame 90 in this invention. In essence, one of the magnetic units is fixedly connected to the ground.

[0020] A braking device is provided between the rotating shaft 30 and the frame 90 to restrict the rotation of the rotating shaft 30. The function of the braking device is to stop the wind turbine when maintenance is required, and also to avoid safety hazards caused by the rotation of the wind turbine during disassembly and assembly.

[0021] Each layer of the rotating shaft 30 is equipped with a rotating shaft brake between itself and the frame 90. Due to the multi-layer arrangement of the wind turbine tower, the total length of the rotating shaft 30 is relatively long. If a brake is only installed at a certain layer of the rotating shaft 30, the huge torque generated by the wind blowing the wind turbine could easily cause deformation or even breakage of the rotating shaft 30. Therefore, rotating shaft brakes are installed at each layer to limit the rotation of the rotating shaft 30 and prevent accidents from occurring.

[0022] The rotating shaft brake includes a rotating shaft brake disc 37 concentrically arranged on the rotating shaft 30, and a rotating shaft brake caliper 38 engaging the rotating shaft brake disc 37 to restrict the rotation of the rotating shaft 30. The rotating shaft brakes of each layer work synchronously. The disc brake structure is simple, adaptable to various complex environments, and can withstand high-frequency frequent braking. It is suitable for small windmills installed in areas where the wind direction changes frequently.

[0023] The rotating shaft brake includes a rotating shaft brake drum 36 concentrically arranged on the rotating shaft 30. The rotating shaft brake drum 36 engages with the rotating shaft 30 to restrict its rotation, and the rotating shaft brakes of each layer work synchronously. The brake drum can use lower oil pressure and has a larger braking force, making it suitable for large windmill structures with stable wind direction.

[0024] The system includes a rotating base 10, on which a rotating shaft 30, serving as a power output shaft, is vertically arranged. A rotating frame 40 is fixedly mounted circumferentially on the rotating shaft 30, and a fan blade 50 is hinged to the rotating frame 40. The axis of the hinge shaft 51 of the fan blade 50 is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft 30. At least two fan blades 50 are evenly spaced circumferentially around the rotating shaft 30. When a fan blade 50 revolves around the axis of the rotating shaft 30 by a revolution α, the fan blade 50 rotates around its hinge shaft 51 by a rotation β. The direction of the revolution α of the fan blade 50 is parallel to the direction of its rotation. Whether the β direction is the same or opposite, the steering mechanism drives the rotating seat 10 to adjust its attitude according to the wind direction. The attitude adjustment rotation satisfies the following adaptation relationship: when the plane where the core of the hinge shaft 51 and the core of the rotating shaft 30 are located is perpendicular to the wind direction, the surface of one side of the wind blade 50 is perpendicular to the wind direction. When the wind blade 50 revolves 180° with the rotating shaft 30, the wind blade 50 rotates 90° to make its surface parallel to the wind direction. A rotating support structure 34 is provided between the rotating shaft 30 and the frame 90 for axial support of the rotating shaft 30 and the connected wind blade 50.

[0025] In the above scheme, when the plane containing the core of the hinge shaft 51 and the core of the rotating shaft 30 is perpendicular to the wind direction, the blade surface of the wind vane 50 on one side of the wind direction is perpendicular to the wind direction and faces the wind, while the blade surface of the wind vane 50 on the other side is parallel to the wind direction and faces the wind. In this way, there is a huge difference in the windward area of ​​the two wind vanes 50 on the wind direction, thereby ensuring that the rotation direction of the rotating shaft 30 remains unchanged and the rotation torque is maximized, so as to maximize the wind power utilization. The essence of the present invention is that the windward area of ​​the wind vane 50 is different at different positions due to the rotation β of the wind vane 50. This will make the resultant torque of the rotating shaft 30 on one side of the wind direction greater than the resultant torque on the other side, thereby realizing the revolution α of the wind vane 50 around the core of the rotating shaft 30. As the wind turbine blade 50 revolves α, it also rotates β. When the wind turbine blade 50 revolves 180°, it rotates 90°. That is, the ratio of the angle of the wind turbine blade 50's revolution α to the angle of its rotation β is 2:1. Since the wind turbine blade 50 is a symmetrical plate structure, the angle between its plate surface and the wind direction is the same when its rotation β is 180° and 360°. This ensures that the windward area of ​​the wind turbine blade 50 is the same at each position when it revolves α, thus enabling the windmill to operate continuously and stably. The essence of the rotating seat 10 following the wind direction is: let the point where the rotating seat 10 faces the wind direction be position 0. When the wind direction changes, the adjusting mechanism drives the rotating seat 10 to rotate so that position 0 faces the wind direction. The rotating support structure 34 in this invention is an axial support bearing or a magnetic levitation mechanism. The wind turbine in this invention has a large windward surface, which can maximize the use of wind power to drive the entire wind turbine to rotate. The wind turbine can still rotate in a light breeze, further improving the utilization rate of wind energy. At the same time, the rotating seat 10 in this invention can rotate with the wind direction, so the wind turbine in this invention can maintain stable rotation in any wind direction, and the wind turbine can maintain a constant direction of rotation with the wind force.

[0026] The ratio of the revolution α of the wind turbine blade 50 to its rotation β relative to the ground is 2:1. This ensures that the wind turbine blade 50 maintains the same angle with the wind direction when it rotates to the same position.

[0027] The revolution α direction of the wind turbine blade 50 is the same as the rotation β direction of the wind turbine blade 50 relative to the earth. This means that when viewed from above, both revolution α and rotation β of the wind turbine blade 50 rotate counterclockwise or clockwise. The direction of rotation β is relative to the earth. Since the wind turbine blade 50 rotates while revolving, its rotation β relative to the earth is equal to revolution α minus its rotation angle relative to its hinge axis 51. Its rotation direction relative to the hinge axis 51 is opposite to the revolution α direction.

[0028] When the plane containing the hinge shaft 51 and the rotating shaft 30 is parallel to the wind direction, the angle between the blade surface of the wind vane 50 and the wind direction is 45°. When the wind vane 50 is in this position, the angle between the blade surfaces of the forward-position wind vane 50 and the rear-position wind vane 50 is 90°. When the wind vane 50 rotates from the forward position to the rear position, it rotates 90°.

[0029] A braking device is provided on the transmission path between the wind vane 50 and the steering mechanism to limit the rotation of the rotating seat 10. When the wind direction does not change, the braking device is needed to limit the rotation of the rotating seat 10 to prevent it from deflecting under the action of external force.

[0030] A conical base gear 13, co-centric with the rotating shaft 30, is fixedly mounted on the rotating seat 10. A conical driven gear 52, co-centrically mounted on the hinge shaft 51 of the fan blade 50, is fixedly mounted on the fan blade 50. Conical gears 61 are co-centrically arranged at both ends of the transmission shaft 60, whose shaft core is located in the horizontal plane. The two conical gears 61 mesh with the conical base gear 13 and the conical driven gear 52, respectively. The transmission ratio between the conical base gear 13 and the conical driven gear 52 is 2:1. The cone bottoms of the conical base gear 13 and the conical driven gear 52 face the same direction. The meshing sides of the two conical gears 61 with the conical base gear 13 and the conical driven gear 52 are located on the side of the corresponding gear away from the rotating shaft 30. In the above-described scheme, the drive shaft 60 and other linkage mechanisms can be arranged either above or below the fan blade 50 along with the rotating seat 10. This scheme achieves the linkage between the fan blade 50's revolution α and rotation β through a mechanical structure, which is simple, convenient, and less prone to errors. Compared to electric control, it eliminates complex wiring, and shaft transmission is less prone to chain slippage and damage than chain transmission, making maintenance and management easier. The orientation of the cone base gear 13 and the cone driven gear 52 is designed to ensure that the directions of revolution α and rotation β are the same. In this invention, the cone base gear 13 and the cone driven gear 52 face upwards, so that the meshing surface of the cone gear is located below the cone base, which is less prone to dust accumulation and helps extend their service life.

[0031] The directional adjustment mechanism includes a directional sprocket or gear 14 fixedly mounted concentrically on the rotating base 10. The drive mechanism receives the position signal from the wind vane 20 and drives the sprocket or gear 14 to rotate following the wind vane 20. That is, the power transmission method of the directional adjustment mechanism is chain drive or gear drive, or it can be a worm gear structure. The worm gear structure has both driving and braking positioning functions, thus achieving synchronous rotation of the rotating base 10 and the wind vane 20. Furthermore, the drive mechanism provides a certain rotation limit to the rotating base 10 to prevent the rotation of the shaft 30 from driving the rotating base 10. The rotating base 10 can be arranged below the shaft 30, facilitating maintenance and wiring. This scheme ensures the realization of power transmission for the directional adjustment mechanism while avoiding mutual interference due to the misalignment of the rotation with the rotating frame 40.

[0032] The rotating frame 40 includes cantilever 41s arranged corresponding to the upper and lower ends of the fan blades. The inner end of the cantilever 41 has a half-shaped structure. The outer ends of the upper and lower cantilever 41 are provided with bearing seats and radial bearings for supporting the hinge shaft 51. An axial support structure is provided at the hinge shaft 51 at the outer end of the cantilever 41 to counteract the gravity of the fan blades 50. When there are two fan blades, it is a half-shaped structure. The axial angle occupied by the inner end structure of a single cantilever 41 is 360° divided by the number of fan blades. Thus, only a single cantilever 41 needs to be manufactured for manufacturing and transportation. The half-shaped structure is also relatively easy to assemble and disassemble. The axial support structure is an axial support bearing or a magnetic levitation structure.

[0033] A tie rod 42 is provided between the lower cantilever 41 and the rotating shaft 30. The cantilever 41, rotating shaft 30, and tie rod 42 together form a triangular structure in the vertical plane. The lower part of the blade 50 is trapezoidal to avoid the location of the tie rod 42. Due to the large size of the wind turbine, the lower cantilever 41 is subjected to a large force. Therefore, the tie rod 42 is provided to improve its load-bearing capacity. When the space below the lower cantilever 41 is limited and it is not convenient to arrange the tie rod 42, the tie rod 42 can be arranged above the lower cantilever 41, and the lower part of the blade 50 is designed to avoid the tie rod 42.

Claims

1. A vertical windmill, characterized in that: The wind turbine turret is arranged vertically. The wind turbine turret includes a vertically arranged rotating shaft (30). A blade plate (50) is connected to the side of the rotating shaft (30). The wind blows the blade plate (50) to drive the rotating shaft (30) to rotate. The lower end of the rotating shaft (30) is used to connect to an energy conversion device. The rotating shaft (30) passes through a radial bearing from top to bottom. The radial bearing is set in a bearing seat (70) on the frame (90). A self-adjusting mechanism is arranged on the first support platform (80) on the frame (90) to adjust and fix the horizontal position of each layer of bearing seat (70). A rotating support structure (34) is provided between the rotating shaft (30) and the frame (90) for axial support of the rotating shaft (30) and the connected blade plate (50). The self-aligning mechanism includes self-aligning bolts (81) disposed on a first support platform (80) on the outside of the bearing seat (70). At least three self-aligning bolts (81) are evenly spaced around the circumference of the cylindrical frustum-shaped bearing seat (70). The core of the self-aligning bolt (81) is located in the horizontal direction and is radially displaced and locked along the bearing seat (70). The tail end of the self-aligning bolt (81) abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the bearing seat (70). A pad is provided between the tail end of the self-aligning bolt (81) and the outer peripheral wall of the bearing seat (70). The directional adjustment mechanism includes a rotating seat (10), on which a rotating shaft (30) serving as a power output shaft is vertically arranged. A directional adjustment sprocket or gear (14) is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat (10) with the same core. The drive mechanism receives the position signal of the wind vane (20) and drives the directional adjustment sprocket or gear (14) to rotate with the wind vane (20). Cylindrical roller bearings (11) and thrust ball bearings (12) are arranged from top to bottom in the cavity of the rotating seat (10). The thrust ball bearings (12) are set on the upper end face of the bearing housing (70). A conical base gear (13) co-centric with the rotating shaft (30) is fixedly installed on the rotating seat (10). A conical driven gear (52) co-centrically installed on the hinge shaft (51) of the fan blade (50). Conical gears (61) co-centrically arranged at both ends of the transmission shaft (60) whose shaft core direction is located in the horizontal plane. The two conical gears (61) mesh with the conical base gear (13) and the conical driven gear (52) respectively. The transmission ratio between the conical base gear (13) and the conical driven gear (52) is 2:

1. The cone bottoms of the conical base gear (13) and the conical driven gear (52) face the same direction. The meshing sides of the two conical gears (61) with the conical base gear (13) and the conical driven gear (52) are located on the side of the corresponding gear away from the rotating shaft (30).

2. The vertical windmill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind turbine turret has at least two layers arranged along the axial direction of the shaft (30). The upper or lower end of the shaft (30) passes through the platform (91) and is coaxially connected to the lower or upper end of the shaft (30) of the adjacent wind turbine turret. The lower end of the lowest shaft (30) is the torque output end used to connect the energy conversion device.

3. The vertical windmill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the rotating shaft (30) is provided with a flange, and the lower end of the rotating shaft (30) passes through the platform (91) and forms a concentric plug-in fit with the lower connecting shaft (33) for axial and circumferential positioning. The lower end of the lower connecting shaft (33) is provided with a flange, and the flange at the upper end of the rotating shaft (30) is connected to the flange of the lower connecting shaft (33) of the adjacent upper wind turbine tower.

4. The vertical windmill according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (30) and the lower connecting shaft (33) are hollow tubular shafts. The connecting bolts pass through and lock the tube walls of both to achieve axial and circumferential positioning.

5. The vertical windmill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating support structure (34) includes magnetic units one and two (A and B). One of the magnetic units one and two (A and B) is connected to the rotating shaft (30) of the wind turbine tower of each layer, and the other magnetic unit is connected to the frame (90). The magnetic units one and two (A and B) cooperate to provide levitation magnetic force to counteract the gravity of the rotating shaft (30) and the connected wind blade (50).

6. The vertical windmill according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A brake device is provided between the rotating shaft (30) and the frame (90) to restrict the rotation of the rotating shaft (30).

7. The vertical windmill according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each layer of the rotating shaft (30) is equipped with a rotating shaft brake between the rotating shaft (30) and the frame (90).

8. The vertical windmill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating shaft brake includes a rotating shaft brake disc (37) concentrically arranged on the rotating shaft (30), and a rotating shaft brake caliper (38) engaging the rotating shaft brake disc (37) to restrict the rotation of the rotating shaft (30). The rotating shaft brakes of each layer work synchronously.

9. The vertical windmill according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating shaft brake includes a rotating shaft brake drum (36) concentrically arranged on the rotating shaft (30). The rotating shaft brake drum (36) hugs the rotating shaft (30) to restrict its rotation, and the rotating shaft brakes of each layer work synchronously.

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