A building using a vertical delivery horizontal exhaust fresh air system

Abstract

The application relates to a building adopting a vertical delivery horizontal arrangement fresh air system, adopting an air isolation structure with multiple layers in the vertical direction and multiple passages in the horizontal direction, the building comprising a fresh air distribution layer and a plurality of horizontal layers, a plurality of fresh air delivery and exhaust modules are arranged in the horizontal layers, a plurality of passages are arranged between the fresh air delivery and exhaust modules and are separated by air, and the fresh air delivery and exhaust module comprises at least one functional space unit. The vertical delivery horizontal arrangement fresh air system realizes three-stage continuous fresh air delivery, namely, fresh air is horizontally pressed into the fresh air distribution layer and is vertically delivered by a fresh air delivery shaft, each horizontal layer of the fresh air is expanded to replace dirty air, and after the dirty air of each horizontal layer is collected, the dirty air is discharged from a total exhaust port of each horizontal layer. The ventilation problem of a large volume and super large volume building, namely, the problems of fresh air entering and dirty air discharging, is solved, and the technical targets of realizing three-dimensional size of the building, increasing the volume of the building, reducing the specific surface area and improving the volume rate are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building ventilation technology, and in particular to a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system. Background Technology

[0002] Under traditional building design codes, building structural design must meet the rigid constraints of natural ventilation and lighting indicators.

[0003] To ensure that buildings meet the constraints of natural lighting and ventilation, designers must adopt technical measures such as separating multiple buildings, reducing the thickness of individual buildings, and setting lighting and ventilation structural joints in each building to achieve north-south ventilation, ensure that kitchen and bathroom windows face outwards, and guarantee sufficient natural lighting and ventilation.

[0004] The adoption of technical measures such as separating multiple buildings, reducing the thickness of individual buildings, and setting up dedicated lighting and ventilation joints for each building will inevitably result in a large exterior facade area and a small effective building area for each building. This will ultimately be reflected in the specific surface area index as a large specific surface area of ​​the building.

[0005] The floor area ratio (FAR) of a building complex is the ratio of its total above-ground building area to its total land area, reflecting the space utilization coefficient and the degree of crowding. The specific surface area of ​​a building is the ratio of its total external surface area to its total building area, a core indicator reflecting the building's energy and structural characteristics. A large specific surface area is one of the fundamental reasons for large building exteriors, large average exterior area per unit area of ​​living space, high building energy consumption, high consumption of exterior wall materials, complex construction processes, low overall floor area ratio of the building complex, and high housing prices.

[0006] High housing prices and high energy consumption in residential buildings are two major problems that have drawn much criticism in the real estate industry.

[0007] While land prices are certainly a major driver of high housing prices, plot ratio is a counterbalancing factor. A low plot ratio further increases housing prices, while a high plot ratio decreases them.

[0008] The high energy consumption of residential buildings is certainly related to the performance of wall insulation materials and residential energy equipment such as air conditioners. However, the plot ratio and the specific surface area of ​​residential buildings are also offsetting factors. A high plot ratio and a small specific surface area of ​​residential buildings result in a small average external wall surface area per unit area of ​​living space, which leads to a low intensity of energy exchange with the environment and low building energy consumption. Conversely, a low plot ratio and a large specific surface area of ​​residential buildings result in a large average external wall surface area per unit area of ​​living space, which leads to a high intensity of energy exchange with the environment and high building energy consumption.

[0009] Currently, the plot ratio and building surface area of ​​residential complexes are constrained by traditional planning and architectural design codes, hindering the innovative development of residential buildings. Promoting significant innovation in residential building technology and supporting technologies, breaking through the constraints of traditional planning and architectural design codes, and substantially increasing the plot ratio and significantly reducing the building surface area are the only viable solutions to the two major problems plaguing the real estate industry: high housing prices and high energy consumption in residential buildings.

[0010] Reducing the specific surface area of ​​a building and increasing its floor area ratio can only be achieved by increasing its three-dimensional dimensions and volume. The key factor determining whether this path is feasible is the building's ventilation.

[0011] If the ventilation problem deep within a building can be solved—that is, the problem of fresh air intake and stale air exhaust—the ideal goal of increasing the building's three-dimensional scale, increasing its volume, reducing its surface area, and increasing its floor area ratio can be achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To address the ventilation problem within buildings, namely the intake of fresh air and the exhaust of stale air, and to achieve the technical goals of increasing the three-dimensional scale, volume, surface area, and floor area ratio of buildings, this invention provides a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system. This system utilizes a multi-layered vertical structure with multiple horizontal passageways for air isolation. The building includes a fresh air distribution layer and several horizontal layers. Each horizontal layer contains several supply and exhaust air modules. The passageways separate these modules with air. Each supply and exhaust air module includes at least one functional space unit, with an air inlet and an air outlet respectively located on each functional space unit.

[0013] The fresh air system includes:

[0014] At least one main air supply outlet is installed on the exterior wall of the fresh air distribution layer;

[0015] The main air supply channel is horizontally arranged within the fresh air distribution layer, and at least one end of it is connected to the main air supply outlet.

[0016] Several air supply channels are horizontally arranged within the fresh air distribution layer and connected to the main air supply channel.

[0017] A plurality of air supply shafts are vertically installed in the building and penetrate through a plurality of the floors; the plurality of air supply shafts are respectively connected to the main air supply channel and / or the branch air supply channel; a plurality of fresh air inlets are opened on each air supply shaft corresponding to each floor, and the fresh air inlets are connected to the air inlets of the functional space units within the corresponding floor; a fresh air module is provided on the main air supply outlet and / or the plurality of branch air supply channels, and the plurality of air supply shafts are connected to the fresh air modules on the main air supply outlet and / or the plurality of branch air supply channels to obtain fresh air;

[0018] At least one main exhaust vent is provided on the exterior wall of each of the aforementioned floors;

[0019] Each floor level is provided with several exhaust ducts, which are connected to the air outlets of several functional space units of the floor level and the main exhaust outlet.

[0020] Preferably, the plurality of exhaust ducts include a main exhaust duct and a plurality of branch exhaust ducts arranged on the same floor, and the plurality of branch exhaust ducts are respectively connected to both sides of the main exhaust duct; each branch exhaust duct is respectively connected to the air outlet of the plurality of functional space units and the main exhaust outlet; at least one end of the main exhaust duct is connected to a main exhaust outlet on the same floor.

[0021] Preferably, an exhaust module is provided at the main exhaust vent.

[0022] Preferably, the exhaust module includes a heat recovery device.

[0023] Preferably, a main exhaust vent is provided on the exterior wall of each of the above-mentioned floors, one end of the main exhaust channel is closed, and the other end is connected to the main exhaust vent.

[0024] Preferably, a main exhaust vent is provided on each of the two opposite exterior walls of each floor, and the two ends of the main exhaust channel are respectively connected to the two main exhaust vents.

[0025] Preferably, the fresh air distribution layer is located at the bottom of the building, and the air supply shaft includes an upper air supply shaft and a lower air supply shaft that are connected vertically, wherein the flow cross-section of the upper air supply shaft is less than or equal to the flow cross-section of the lower air supply shaft.

[0026] Preferably, the fresh air distribution layer is located in the middle layer of the building, and several flat layers are located at the upper and lower ends of the fresh air distribution layer respectively. The air supply shaft includes an upper air supply shaft and a lower air supply shaft that are connected vertically. The flow cross-section of the upper air supply shaft is the same as that of the lower air supply shaft.

[0027] Preferably, the fresh air module includes a fresh air fan.

[0028] Preferably, the fresh air module includes a fresh air pretreatment module for pre-treating fresh air.

[0029] Preferably, a fresh air module is provided on the main air outlet. This fresh air module includes a housing, a fresh air fan, and a fresh air pretreatment module. The housing is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fresh air distribution layer. The housing has an air inlet cavity, which includes a front, middle, and rear part that are connected to each other. The fresh air pretreatment module is located in the front part of the air inlet cavity, and the front part of the air inlet cavity is in communication with the outside atmosphere. The fresh air fan is located in the rear part of the air inlet cavity, and the rear part of the air inlet cavity is in communication with the main air outlet. An air vent is opened on each side of the housing, corresponding to the middle part of the air inlet cavity. A door is provided on each of the two air vents, and the two doors can be opened toward the middle part of the air inlet cavity. When the two doors are open, the front part of the air inlet cavity is separated from the middle part through the two doors, and the air vents are connected to the rear part of the air inlet cavity. When the two doors close the two air vents, the front part of the air inlet cavity is connected to the middle part.

[0030] Preferably, a double air duct is provided in the air supply channel, and the two air outlets of the double air duct are connected to at least one of the air supply shafts.

[0031] The two air inlets of this dual-air duct can be opened alternately via a sliding door;

[0032] A fresh air module is installed in one of the two air ducts.

[0033] Preferably, the building is a large-scale or super-large-scale building;

[0034] The present invention does not impose specific limitations on the size of the building; preferably, the building is a large-scale or super-large-scale building.

[0035] The specific surface area of ​​a building is the ratio of its external exterior area to its above-ground floor area. Preferably, the specific surface area of ​​the building is 10. -1 m 2 / m 2 Order of magnitude or 10 -1 m 2 / m 2 The following orders of magnitude.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages:

[0037] 1. It fundamentally solves the spatial interference problem between the supply air ducts, exhaust air ducts, and structural beams in existing building fresh air systems, constructing a three-dimensional and efficient building fresh air system, especially for large and super-large buildings.

[0038] Current reinforced concrete buildings are all assemblies of foundations, columns, main beams, secondary beams, and floor slabs. In building construction, the partition walls separating different functional spaces are generally located above the building's structural beams, either main or secondary beams. To achieve blind-spot-free ventilation, especially deep ventilation, a channel for supplying fresh air and exhausting stale air must be constructed. This is generally achieved using a two-way flow fresh air system composed of supply and exhaust ducts. Even when using public spaces such as corridors to replace supply (exhaust) ducts, exhaust ducts (fresh air ducts) are still required.

[0039] In the space above the various functional units under the ceiling, the conflict between the structural beams and the exhaust ducts (fresh air ducts) is difficult to resolve: if the exhaust ducts pass through the openings in the structural beams, the openings will cause the structural beams to lose strength; if the exhaust ducts are lowered and bypass the structural beams, they will lower the ceiling and occupy too much upper space; especially in large and super-large buildings, the increase in fresh air replacement due to the expansion of the floor area causes the cross-section of the exhaust ducts to expand accordingly, making the problem of mutual interference between the large cross-section exhaust ducts and the structural beams difficult to resolve.

[0040] This embodiment employs a building's fresh air distribution layer and several air supply shafts to implement positive pressure air supply, horizontal exhaust channels, and main exhaust channels, ensuring smooth flow of fresh air and exhaust of polluted air. This fundamentally solves the spatial interference problem between the supply ducts, exhaust ducts, and structural beams in existing building fresh air systems, and constructs a three-dimensional and efficient fresh air system for buildings, especially large and super-large buildings.

[0041] 2. It provides the basic conditions for the construction and operation of buildings with the characteristics of "double low and double super" (extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultra-high plot ratio, and ultra-large volume).

[0042] This invention relates to a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system. It utilizes a multi-layered vertical structure and multiple horizontal passageways to create an air-isolation structure, minimizing both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients and constructing a cooling core for summer and a heating core for winter. Furthermore, it employs a cubic or near-cubic layout, resulting in a "double-low, double-super" building with extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultra-high volume ratio, and ultra-large size. This minimizes the building's specific surface area, reducing the average external surface area per unit area of ​​the internal building to as low as 10%. -1 m 2 / m 2 The energy exchange intensity per unit building area with the external environment is greatly reduced to less than 1 / 10 of the corresponding indicators of ordinary buildings, exhibiting outstanding energy-saving characteristics. The summer air conditioning cooling load and winter air conditioning heating load are reduced by more than 3 / 4 compared to ordinary buildings. The magnitude and effect of its energy saving far exceed the energy saving magnitude and effect achieved by improving the thermal insulation performance of building materials and the performance of air conditioning and heating equipment.

[0043] The present invention relates to a building with a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system, namely a double-low and double-super building with a cubic or near-cubic outline. It also has the important advantages of significantly reducing the consumption of exterior building decoration materials, significantly improving the structural strength and seismic resistance of the building, reducing the complexity of construction technology, and shortening the construction period.

[0044] This invention discloses a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system for buildings. The system employs a vertically multi-level, horizontally multi-air-channel air-isolated physical structure, with multiple horizontal floors and multiple air passages on each floor. It utilizes a fresh air distribution layer and several supply air shafts to implement positive pressure air supply, horizontal exhaust channels, and a main exhaust channel. This is a feasible and reliable technical path and solution for fresh air systems in low-rise and ultra-high-rise buildings. It fundamentally solves the core problem of fresh air introduction and stale air exhaust that must be addressed in the design, construction, and operation of large and ultra-large-scale buildings. It provides the foundation for the construction, operation, and widespread adoption of such large and ultra-large-scale buildings with significant land, energy, and material savings. This will influence the evolution of the relationship between humans and nature, change people's living and travel patterns, strongly promote the integration of industry and city, and transform the basic business model, structure, and appearance of the urban real estate industry.

[0045] 3. Improved the safety and security level of building ventilation systems.

[0046] Ensuring that pre-treated clean fresh air is not contaminated by other harmful substances before being delivered to various functional spaces on different floors of a building is a major challenge in fresh air system design.

[0047] This embodiment implements multi-point positive pressure air supply to each floor by setting up a fresh air distribution layer and several air supply shafts connected to the fresh air distribution layer. Fresh air is directly delivered to each floor, point and functional space unit. This eliminates the possibility of various pollution sources mixing or leaking into the fresh air system from a technical and material perspective, ensuring the closedness, reliability and safety of fresh air production and transportation, and improving the safety guarantee level of the building's fresh air system.

[0048] This invention implements multi-point positive pressure air supply on each floor, directly delivering fresh air to each functional space unit on each floor. It also significantly improves the building's fire emergency response capabilities: when a fire or other safety incident occurs in a certain area of ​​a floor, people in that fire area only need to enter the functional space unit near the air supply shaft to enter the safe zone. They do not need to cover their faces and mouths with wet towels or even risk their lives to rope down the stairs. They can simply wait for rescue, thus greatly improving the building's fire emergency response capabilities.

[0049] 4. The secondary climate conditions inside the building are better than those in the natural environment.

[0050] In terms of specific living conditions for humans, artificial secondary environments are superior to original ecological environments. This value judgment has been verified many times: multi-story concrete high-rise residential buildings are superior to caves, tap water is superior to original river water and groundwater, and flush toilets are superior to outhouses. Especially after the advent of energy technologies such as artificial fire-making and air conditioning, food cooked at high temperatures is superior to raw meat and blood, semiconductor lighting is superior to solar radiation, air conditioning after cooling and dehumidifying in summer is superior to ambient hot air, and floor heating in winter is superior to outdoor campfires.

[0051] A space is a livable dwelling as long as it can provide shelter from wind and rain, clean fresh air, suitable lighting, clean drinking water and hot water, stable electricity and network signal, and can smoothly expel polluted air, excrement and garbage.

[0052] This invention employs a fresh air system with vertical shaft air supply and horizontal exhaust at each floor, achieving optimal fresh air replacement and stale air removal at each floor, point, and functional space unit. This results in secondary climate environments within large and super-large buildings where air temperature, humidity, oxygen content, and cleanliness are superior to the original natural environment. Furthermore, the buildings are free from mosquitoes and other insects, and can incorporate new residential technologies and products such as real-time external imagery, closed-loop airflow dehumidification and drying heat pumps, gas-free electric kitchens, and semiconductor cold light source lighting, creating secondary climate and living conditions that are derived from but surpass the natural environment.

[0053] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0055] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system is provided as a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fresh air system with vertical shaft air supply provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fresh air system with horizontal exhaust provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fresh air delivery layer provided for a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another fresh air delivery layer provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a third fresh air delivery layer provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the fresh air distribution channel in the third type of fresh air distribution layer provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a flat-layer heat recovery structure provided for a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a heat recovery device provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the fresh air module provided in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which can provide two modes: air-conditioned fresh air and natural fresh air;

[0065] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the variable cross-section air supply shaft provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a vertical air supply shaft with an unchanged cross-section. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The following will combine Figures 1 to 12 This invention provides a detailed description of a building using a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of this invention, and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes. However, the scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the following embodiment. Those skilled in the art can modify and refine it without changing the spirit and content of this invention.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] This invention relates to a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system, which is an air-isolated physical structure with multiple vertically arranged floors and multiple air passages in each floor. This structure is derived from two building physics concepts: "building specific surface area" and "double low and double super building".

[0070] This invention defines "specific surface area of ​​a building" as "the ratio of the building's external surface area to its above-ground building area," essentially representing the average external surface area per unit building area, measured in m². 2 / m 2 Surface area is a dimensionless physical quantity that can be used as a core indicator to reflect the energy and structural characteristics of a building. A building with a large surface area has a large external surface area per unit building area, resulting in high building energy consumption, excessive consumption of exterior wall materials, complex construction processes, and a low overall floor area ratio of the building complex. Conversely, a building with a small surface area has a small external surface area per unit building area, resulting in low building energy consumption, less consumption of exterior wall materials, relatively simple construction processes, and a high floor area ratio.

[0071] If the specific surface area, which is a core indicator of a building's energy and structural characteristics, is extremely low, then the building generally also has the characteristics of extremely low energy consumption, ultra-high volume ratio, and ultra-large size. This invention defines such buildings as "double-low and double-ultra-large buildings".

[0072] Ordinary buildings have a rectangular outline and three-dimensional dimensions: length, width, and height. Taking a cube, a special case of a cuboid, as an example, the specific surface area indices of cubic buildings of different scales are listed below.

[0073]

[0074] The table above shows that the specific surface area of ​​a cubic building is inversely proportional to the first power of its side length. When the side length increases from 3m to 30m and then to 300m, its specific surface area increases from 6.0m² to... 2 / m 2 The concentrations decreased to 0.6 and 0.06 m, respectively. 2 / m 2 .

[0075] Specific surface area of ​​a building, as the ratio of the total external surface area to the total building area, is the unit floor area (1m²) of the building. 2 Specific surface area is the average external surface area of ​​a building, that is, the area per unit building area that exchanges energy with the environment. Specifically, it's the area per unit building area that receives thermal radiation and convection from the environment in summer and emits thermal radiation and convection back to the environment in winter. Therefore, specific surface area is a physical quantity reflecting the energy and structural characteristics of a building. A lower specific surface area is better, as it indicates a weaker energy exchange between the building's interior space and the environment. However, a lower specific surface area requires a larger building volume. Because the total surface area of ​​a building is directly proportional to the square of its linear dimensions, and the total building area is directly proportional to the cube of its linear dimensions, the specific surface area, which is the ratio of the total surface area to the total building area, is inversely proportional to the first power of its linear dimensions: a larger building linear dimension results in a lower specific surface area, and vice versa.

[0076] Under current technological conditions, the specific surface area of ​​ordinary buildings is 1.0 m². 2 / m 2Order of magnitude; when the building's specific surface area is reduced to 10 -1 m 2 / m 2 Order of magnitude, that is, 1m 2 The internal building area is only allocated to 0.1m². 2 When the outer surface is of the order of magnitude, it inevitably possesses the structural and energy characteristics of "ultra-high volume ratio, ultra-large size, and extremely low energy consumption".

[0077] This invention relates to a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system. It utilizes a multi-layered vertical structure and multiple horizontal passageways for air isolation. Starting from the concepts of building surface area and "double-low, double-super" buildings, it breaks through existing building design codes and replaces traditional natural ventilation with superior artificial ventilation technology. This solves the ventilation problem of large and super-large buildings—namely, the problem of fresh air intake and stale air exhaust—achieving the technical goals of increasing the building's three-dimensional scale, increasing its volume, reducing its surface area, and increasing its floor area ratio. This makes the design and construction of "double-low, double-super" buildings—characterized by extremely low surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultra-high floor area ratio, and ultra-large volume—a reality, making the green housing desired by ordinary families a tangible reality in the context of high land prices.

[0078] This embodiment provides a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system. It utilizes a multi-layered vertical structure and multiple horizontal passageways for air isolation, implementing a three-dimensional air supply and exhaust system. This includes a fresh air distribution layer where fresh air is horizontally forced in and vertically transported through supply shafts; fresh air expansion and replacement of polluted air at each floor level; and polluted air at each floor level being discharged through a main exhaust vent. The specific structure is as follows:

[0079] Please refer to Figures 1 to 12 The building is a large or super-large building, and the specific surface area of ​​the building is 10. -1 m 2 / m 2 Order of magnitude or 10 -1 m 2 / m 2 The following order of magnitude includes a fresh air distribution layer 3 and several flat floors 1. The fresh air distribution layer is a flat floor in a building specifically used for distributing fresh air. Each flat floor 1 contains several supply and exhaust air modules, and several air-filled passageways separate the supply and exhaust air modules. Each supply and exhaust air module includes at least one functional space unit 11. The building can be a residential building, office building, hotel, or other similar establishment; there are no restrictions here. Therefore, the functional space unit 11 can be an office, meeting room, storage room, reading room, laboratory, rest room, residence, etc.

[0080] The fresh air system 2 includes:

[0081] At least one main air supply outlet is installed on the outer wall of the fresh air distribution layer 3;

[0082] The main air supply channel 26 is horizontally arranged within the fresh air distribution layer 3, and at least one end of it is connected to the main air supply outlet.

[0083] Several air supply channels 27 are horizontally arranged in the fresh air distribution layer 3 and are connected to the main air supply channel 26.

[0084] A plurality of air supply shafts 22 are vertically installed in the building and penetrate through a plurality of the floor levels 1; the plurality of air supply shafts 22 are respectively connected to the main air supply channel 26 and / or the branch air supply channels 27; a plurality of fresh air inlets are opened on each air supply shaft 22 corresponding to each floor level 1, and the fresh air inlets are connected to the air inlets of the functional space units 11 within the corresponding floor level 1; a fresh air module is provided on the main air supply outlet and / or the plurality of branch air supply channels 27, that is, the fresh air module can be installed on the main air supply outlet, in this embodiment. The fresh air module installed on the main air outlet is called the main fresh air module 21; it can also be installed on several air supply channels 27, and in this embodiment, the fresh air module installed on the air supply channels 27 is called the branch fresh air module 28; it can also be installed on both the main air outlet and several air supply channels 27; the above three installation methods of fresh air modules can be set according to actual needs; several air supply shafts 22 supply fresh air through the main fresh air module 21 at the main air outlet and / or the branch fresh air modules 28 on several air supply channels 27;

[0085] At least one main exhaust vent is provided on the exterior wall of each of the aforementioned floors 1;

[0086] Each floor 1 has several exhaust ducts arranged horizontally, and the exhaust ducts are respectively connected to the air outlets of several functional space units 11 of the floor 1 and the main exhaust outlet.

[0087] During fresh air replacement, the fresh air distribution layer 3 delivers fresh air into the main air supply channel 26 of the distribution layer, and then delivers positive pressure air to several air supply shafts 22 through the horizontally set air supply sub-channels 27 and / or the main air supply channel 26; the several air supply shafts 22 deliver fresh air to each floor 1 through fresh air inlets, and distribute it to each floor 1 at multiple points, and then deliver it to each functional space unit 11 through the air supply outlets; in each functional space unit 11, the fresh air delivered from the air supply outlets compresses and pushes the polluted air through the air outlets to the exhaust duct, and the polluted air is finally discharged to the outside of the building from the main exhaust outlet.

[0088] In this embodiment, each functional space unit 11 is provided with an air supply outlet, which is connected to a fresh air inlet on a corresponding floor 1 of an air supply shaft 22. In this embodiment, a fresh air inlet on an air supply shaft 22 is connected to an air supply outlet of a functional space unit 11 on the same floor 1. Several functional space units 11 on the same floor 1 form a group, which is a supply and exhaust air module. This supply and exhaust air module corresponds to an air supply shaft 22. This structure can reduce the number of air supply shafts 22, thus saving materials and minimizing damage to the building structure.

[0089] In this embodiment, several air supply and exhaust modules are arranged in a row, such as row houses and row offices set up in a single floor of the building.

[0090] The present invention does not impose specific restrictions on which floor of the building the fresh air distribution layer 3 is located on. For example, it can be located at the bottom, middle (waist) or top of the building. In this embodiment, taking the fresh air distribution layer 3 located at the bottom of the building as an example, preferably, the fresh air distribution layer 3 is located on the second floor of the building and on the flange extending outward from the outer wall of the second floor. This can facilitate the installation and maintenance of the fresh air module 21 and prevent the fresh air at the main air outlet from being polluted due to occasional fires or other reasons on the upper floors.

[0091] The present invention does not limit the number of functional space units 11 within a single floor 1. One air supply shaft 22 can correspond to several functional space units 11 within each single floor 1 (these several functional space units 11 constitute a supply and exhaust air module). The position of the air supply shaft 22 can be arranged according to the actual position of the functional space units 11. Since the building in this embodiment is a large-scale or super-large-scale building, each floor 1 contains many functional space units 11. Because these functional space units 11 are distributed throughout the floor 1, to ensure that each functional space unit 11 can connect to the air supply shaft 22, in this embodiment, several air supply shafts 22 are connected to the main air supply channel 26 and the branch air supply channels 27, respectively. That is, air supply shafts 22 are connected to both the main air supply channel 26 and the branch air supply channels 27. Some air supply shafts 22 are connected to the main air supply channel 26, and these air supply shafts 22 all have air inlets connected to the main air supply channel 26; other air supply shafts 22 are connected to several branch air supply channels 27, and these air supply shafts 22 all have air inlets connected to the branch air supply channels 27. Of course, these air supply shafts 22 can also only be connected to several branch air supply channels 27 and not to the main air supply channel 26, that is, only connected to the branch air supply channels 27.

[0092] The present invention does not limit the number of functional space units included in a supply and exhaust air module. In this embodiment, the supply and exhaust air module includes four functional space units as an example. These four functional space units share a supply air shaft 22.

[0093] In this embodiment, a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system has multiple air isolation layers in the vertical direction. In the horizontal direction, to reduce the radiation range of the supply air shaft and thus reduce the size and distance of the horizontal supply air ducts, 16 supply and exhaust air modules, each centered on a vertical supply air shaft and consisting of four functional space units, are set up on each floor. These 16 supply and exhaust air modules are independent of each other and have air passages between them, thereby creating an air-separated physical structure with multiple vertical layers and multiple horizontal air passages. During the air heat exchange process within the building, air convection heat exchange, heat conduction, and heat radiation all play a role. However, due to the multiple vertical air isolation layers and multiple horizontal air isolation passages, these three heat exchange methods are very weak, thus significantly reducing the energy consumption of residential air conditioning compared to traditional residences.

[0094] In this embodiment, exhaust ducts are provided in each floor 1 except for the fresh air distribution layer 3. The exhaust ducts can be made of brick and concrete or can be installed on the ceiling of the floor using special air ducts. This invention does not make specific restrictions on this. Various functional space units 11 such as offices, meeting rooms, storage rooms, reading rooms, laboratories, rest rooms, and residences are set up on at least one side of the exhaust duct.

[0095] As one embodiment, hollow air outlets are provided on the door frames of each functional space unit 11, or air outlets are provided on the shared wall of the functional space unit 11 and the exhaust duct. When fresh air enters the functional space unit 11 through the air supply outlet, in order to prevent the fresh air from going directly to the air outlet, causing a short circuit in the fresh air flow, wasting fresh air resources, and resulting in poor fresh air replacement effect, in this embodiment, the air supply outlet and the air outlet are preferably staggered on two opposite sides of the functional space unit 11 and are not at the same height (air supply outlet). (The air inlet and outlet are set at different heights). For example, if the air inlet is located near the floor of the functional space unit 11, the air outlet is located near the ceiling of the functional space unit 11. The air inlet is set away from the air outlet in the horizontal direction. During fresh air replacement, the fresh air enters the room at a low position and then undergoes a combined vertical upward and horizontal horizontal movement, which compresses and pushes the polluted air to flow towards the high air outlet below the ceiling. This greatly reduces the ventilation blind spots in the room, resulting in high utilization of fresh air resources and good fresh air replacement effect; the reverse is also true.

[0096] In another embodiment, a through hole is provided on the shared wall of the functional space unit 11 and the exhaust duct. A return air duct is installed through this through hole. The intake of the return air duct is located inside the functional space unit 11, and the outlet of the return air duct is located in the functional space unit 11 and connected to the exhaust duct. The intake of the return air duct and the supply air outlet of the functional space unit 11 are offset and not at the same height. For example, if the supply air outlet is located near the ceiling of the functional space unit 11, the intake of the return air duct is located near the bottom plate of the functional space unit 11. In the horizontal direction, the supply air outlet is far away from the intake of the return air duct. During fresh air replacement, fresh air enters the room from a high position and then undergoes a combined vertical descent and horizontal translation movement, squeezing and pushing the polluted air to flow towards the intake of the return air duct above the floor. This significantly reduces the ventilation blind spots inside the room, resulting in high utilization of fresh air resources and good fresh air replacement effect; the reverse is also true.

[0097] Furthermore, the exhaust channels include a main exhaust channel 24 and a number of exhaust branch channels 25 arranged on the same floor, and the number of exhaust branch channels 25 are respectively connected to both sides of the main exhaust channel 24; each of the exhaust branch channels 25 is respectively connected to the air outlet or return air duct of the functional space unit 11.

[0098] The present invention does not impose a specific limit on the number of total exhaust vents for each floor 1. As one embodiment, a total exhaust vent is provided on the outer wall of each floor 1. One end of the main exhaust channel 24 is closed, and the other end is connected to the total exhaust vent.

[0099] In another embodiment, a main exhaust vent is provided on the outer wall of each of the two opposite sides of each floor 1, and the two ends of the main exhaust channel 24 are respectively connected to the two main exhaust vents.

[0100] In this embodiment, an exhaust module 23 is provided at the main exhaust vent to facilitate the exhaust of polluted air to the outside of the building.

[0101] During fresh air replacement, polluted air in some functional space units 11 on the same floor 1 is discharged to the exhaust branch channel 25 through the air outlet. The exhaust branch channel 25 directly collects the polluted air and discharges it to the main exhaust outlet. At the same time, polluted air in other functional space units 11 on the same floor 1 is first discharged to the exhaust branch channel 25. The exhaust branch channel 25 then collects the polluted air through the main exhaust channel 24 and discharges it to the main exhaust outlet.

[0102] In this embodiment, the orientation of the exhaust branch channel 25 is different from that of the main exhaust channel 24. For example, if the main exhaust channel 24 is oriented longitudinally, then the orientation of the exhaust branch channel 25 is oriented transversely; and vice versa. In this embodiment, the main exhaust channel 24 is located in the center of the floor 1, and the functional space unit 11 and the exhaust branch channel 25 are provided on both sides of it. The structures on both sides of the main exhaust channel 24 are symmetrically arranged, and a plurality of the exhaust branch channels 25 are distributed at intervals on both sides of the main exhaust channel 24 and are perpendicular to the main exhaust channel 24.

[0103] In this embodiment, the main air supply channel 26 can be a channel constructed with brick and concrete or an air bag. The advantage of using an air bag is that it can absorb and eliminate fresh air vortices, complete the conversion of fresh air dynamic and static pressure, and stabilize fresh air pressure. Therefore, in this embodiment, the main air supply channel 26 is preferably an air bag.

[0104] As one embodiment, a main air outlet is provided on the outer wall of the fresh air distribution layer 3, one end of the main air supply channel 26 is closed, and the other end is connected to the main air outlet.

[0105] In another embodiment, two main air outlets are provided on the fresh air distribution layer 3, and one of the main air outlets is provided on each of the two opposite outer walls of the fresh air distribution layer 3. The two ends of the main air supply channel 26 are respectively connected to the two main air outlets. A fresh air module 21 is provided on each of the two main air outlets, that is, this embodiment implements north-south (or east-west) opposite air intake and dual-module air supply.

[0106] During fresh air replacement, the two fresh air modules 21 in the north and south of the fresh air distribution layer 3 draw in fresh air from the external environment, pressurize it and send it into the main air supply channel 26. The fresh air airflow enters from the north and south, sending the fresh air into the east-west air supply branch channel 27. Through the main air supply channel 26 and the air supply branch channel 27, the fresh air is sent to several air supply shafts 22. The several air supply shafts 22 deliver the fresh air through the fresh air inlets to each functional space unit 11 of each floor 1.

[0107] Because the friction resistance of gas flow in a pipeline is related to the type, density, velocity, viscosity, and structural dimensions of the airflow, calculating the friction resistance is a very complex task. However, the friction resistance is always proportional to the square of the airflow velocity and the first power of the pipeline length. Therefore, reducing the airflow velocity is the preferred method to reduce the power consumption of the airflow transported in the pipeline, i.e., to reduce the power of the fan.

[0108] Because the fresh airflow has two inlets, one in the north and one in the south, under the condition of the total fresh air volume required for the fresh air distribution layer 3, this embodiment also has the advantages of reduced airflow velocity at the air inlet of the main air supply channel 26, reduced frictional resistance, and reduced fan power consumption of the fresh air module 21.

[0109] Preferably, the main air supply outlet and the main air exhaust outlet are not on the same side of the building's exterior wall, and the main air exhaust outlet should be kept as far away from the main air supply outlet as possible.

[0110] Both the fresh air module 21 and the exhaust module 23 belong to mature technologies in this field. Therefore, this invention does not impose specific limitations on them and they can be selected according to actual needs.

[0111] As one embodiment, the fresh air module includes a fresh air fan for drawing in fresh air; the exhaust module 23 includes an exhaust fan for drawing in polluted air from the exhaust duct, making the polluted air in the exhaust duct negative pressure, so as to facilitate the discharge of polluted air to the outside of the building.

[0112] In another embodiment, in addition to a fresh air fan, the fresh air module may also include a fresh air pretreatment module for filtering fresh air. The fresh air pretreatment module may also include a filter module for filtering dust, harmful bacteria, etc. in the air and / or an air conditioning module for cooling and dehumidifying the air in summer and heating it in winter. Specifically, it may be a filter screen, coil, air heat exchanger, etc., used to perform dust removal, air conditioning and other operations on the fresh air entering the building, while also helping to increase the fresh air pressure head.

[0113] In this invention, the building is equipped with a dedicated fresh air distribution layer 3 for fresh air delivery. This fresh air distribution layer 3 can deliver fresh air that has undergone filtration and pre-treatment (cooling and dehumidification, or heating) to the air inlets of each air supply shaft, and then from the air supply shaft to the functional space units of each floor's air supply and exhaust module. Several different delivery methods are described in detail below:

[0114] (1) Integrated delivery

[0115] Please refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, a main fresh air module 21 is installed on the main air outlet. When the fresh air system 2 is running, the main fresh air fan 211 sends the fresh air processed by the main fresh air pretreatment module 212 into the main air supply channel 26 of the fresh air distribution layer 3 at high speed and positive pressure, and then sends positive pressure air to several air supply shafts 22. The several air supply shafts 22 deliver fresh air to the fresh air outlets of the air supply shafts 22 on each floor 1 of the building, and implement multi-point fresh air distribution to each floor 1, and distribute it to each functional space unit 11.

[0116] In this embodiment, air supply shafts 22 are connected to both the main air supply channel 26 and several branch air supply channels 27. Alternatively, air supply shafts 22 may be distributed only on the branch air supply channels 27, while no air supply shafts 22 may be distributed on the main air supply channel 26.

[0117] In this embodiment, the main fresh air module 21 includes a main supply air fan 211 and a main fresh air pretreatment module 212. When the main fresh air module 21 is turned on, natural fresh air is pretreated by the main fresh air pretreatment module 212 before being sent to the main supply air duct 26. In this embodiment, the main fresh air pretreatment module 212 includes an air conditioning module. Furthermore, the main fresh air pretreatment module 212 also includes a filtration module.

[0118] (2) Independent delivery

[0119] When some air supply shafts 22 do not need to supply fresh air through the fresh air module (e.g., when residents are concentrated in the functional space units of the air supply and exhaust modules on each floor of the corresponding air supply shaft 22, these air supply shafts 22 need to turn on the fresh air mode; while when there are no residents on the floor corresponding to other air supply shafts 22 and fresh air is not needed to be supplied through the fresh air module, these air supply shafts do not need to turn on the fresh air mode), the above-mentioned integrated fresh air distribution cannot meet this requirement.

[0120] Since the main fresh air module 21 supplies fresh air to all the air supply shafts 22, continuing to supply fresh air to air supply shafts 22 that do not require fresh air supply results in unnecessary waste. Moreover, when an air supply shaft 22 needs maintenance due to air leakage or other issues, requiring the main fresh air module 21 to be shut down, the other air supply shafts 22 will also be unable to operate normally.

[0121] To facilitate building control, several air supply shafts 22 are distributed across several air supply branch channels 27. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 5 In this embodiment, a fresh air distribution module 28 is provided on each air supply channel 27. This is to facilitate individual control of the air supply shafts 22 on each air supply channel 27, simplifying construction and maintenance. Specifically, if a problem such as air leakage occurs in a certain air supply shaft 22, only the corresponding fresh air distribution module 28 needs to be shut down; the fresh air distribution modules 28 on other air supply channels 27 can continue to operate. This embodiment allows for the selective supply of fresh air to one or more air supply shafts 22 via the fresh air distribution modules 28, ensuring the independence of each air supply channel 27.

[0122] This embodiment does not limit the number of air supply shafts 22 that can be set on the air supply branch channel 27. All air supply shafts 22 on the same air supply branch channel 27 are supplied with fresh air by the fresh air distribution module 28 on the same air supply branch channel 27. In this embodiment, the fresh air distribution module 28 is connected to both the main air supply outlet and the air supply shafts 22 on the air supply branch channel 27. That is, the air inlet of the fresh air distribution module 28 is connected to the main air supply outlet, and the air outlet of the fresh air distribution module 28 is connected to the air inlet of the air supply shaft 22.

[0123] In this embodiment, the fresh air distribution module 28 includes a fresh air distribution fan 281 and a fresh air distribution pretreatment module 282. The fresh air distribution pretreatment module 282 also includes a filter module 2822 and an air conditioning module 2821.

[0124] (3) Mixed delivery

[0125] This embodiment combines the two fresh air delivery methods described above. Specifically, a main fresh air module 21 is installed on the main air outlet, and a branch fresh air module 28 is installed on the air distribution channel 27. When fresh air needs to be provided to all air supply shafts 22, the main fresh air module 21 is activated and the branch fresh air module 28 is turned off. When fresh air only needs to be provided to some air supply shafts 22, the main fresh air module 21 is turned off and the branch fresh air module 28 on the corresponding air distribution channel 27 is activated.

[0126] As one embodiment, the main fresh air module 21 only provides natural fresh air, that is, it only includes the main fresh air fan 211 and does not include the main fresh air pretreatment module 212. Therefore, the sub-fresh air module 28 includes both the sub-fresh air fan 281 and the sub-fresh air pretreatment module 282. On the same air supply channel 27, the sub-fresh air module 28 and the air supply shaft 22 are distributed sequentially along the flow direction of the fresh air. Taking the place where the wind blows first as the front and the place where it blows last as the back, all the air supply shafts 22 on this air supply channel 27 are located behind the sub-fresh air module 28. That is, the air inlet of the air supply shaft 22 is connected to the air outlet of the sub-fresh air module 28, and the air inlet of the sub-fresh air module 28 is connected to the main air supply channel 26.

[0127] In another embodiment, the main fresh air module 21 can provide both natural fresh air and pre-treated fresh air. In this embodiment, the main fresh air module 21 includes a main fresh air fan 211 and a main fresh air pre-treatment module 212, which includes an air conditioning module. Therefore, the main fresh air module 21 can also provide air-conditioned fresh air. The specific structure is as follows:

[0128] Please refer to Figure 6The main fresh air module 21 includes a main housing 213, a main fresh air pretreatment module 212, and a main fresh air fan 211. The main housing 213 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fresh air distribution layer 3. The main housing 213 has a main air intake cavity, which includes a front part 2131, a middle part 2132, and a rear part 2133 that are connected to each other (in this embodiment, the front and rear are named according to the wind direction, that is, the place where the wind blows first is the front, and the place where the wind blows last is the rear). The main fresh air pretreatment module 212 is located in the front part 2131 of the main air intake cavity, and the front part 2131 of the main air intake cavity is connected to the outside atmosphere. The main fresh air fan 211 is located in the rear part 2133 of the main air intake cavity, and the rear part 2133 of the main air intake cavity is connected to the main air outlet. An air outlet is opened on each side of the main housing 213, corresponding to the middle part 2132 of the main air intake cavity. The two air outlets are respectively... A door 2134 is provided, with its hinge 2135 close to the front 2131 of the main air intake cavity. Both doors 2134 can be opened toward the middle 2132 of the main air intake cavity. When both doors 2134 are open, the front 2131 and the middle 2132 of the main air intake cavity are separated. When the two doors 2134 are closed, the air vents on both sides of the main housing 213 are closed. At this time, the middle 2132 of the main air intake cavity is connected to the front 2131 and the rear 2133 of the main air intake cavity, respectively. Fresh air can only enter from the front 2131 of the main air intake cavity. After being heated or cooled by the main fresh air pretreatment module 212, the air-conditioned fresh air then passes through the middle 2132 and the rear 2133 of the main air intake cavity in sequence, and then enters the main air supply channel 26 of the fresh air distribution layer 3. This air-conditioned fresh air mode is suitable for operation in high-temperature environments in summer and low-temperature environments in winter. When the two doors 2134 are opened toward the middle 2132 of the main air intake cavity, the air vents on both sides of the main housing 213 are open. At this time, the two doors 2134 separate the front 2131 and the middle 2132 of the main air intake cavity. That is, the middle 2132 of the main air intake cavity is connected to the rear 2133 of the main air intake cavity, but not to the front 2131 of the main air intake cavity. Therefore, the natural fresh air will not pass through the main fresh air pretreatment module 212, but will directly enter the middle 2132 of the main air intake cavity from the air vents on both sides of the main housing 213, and then enter the main air supply channel 26 of the fresh air distribution layer 3 through the front 2131 of the main air intake cavity. This natural fresh air mode is suitable for operation in spring and autumn.

[0129] Furthermore, the main fresh air pretreatment module 212 in this embodiment may also include a filter module. The outside natural wind first filters the filter module, then passes through the air conditioning module for cooling and dehumidification or heating, and finally enters the main air supply channel 26 through the main fresh air fan 211.

[0130] Please refer to Figure 7In this embodiment, the fresh air distribution module 28 includes a fresh air distribution fan 281 and a fresh air pretreatment module 282. A double air duct is set in the air supply distribution channel 27. The double air ducts are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, with a first air duct 271 and a second air duct 272. The fresh air distribution module 28 is set on one of the air ducts. In this embodiment, the fresh air distribution module 28 is set on the first air duct 271 as an example. The air inlets of the first air duct 271 and the second air duct 272 are opened alternately through a sliding door 273. The air outlets of these two air ducts are connected to at least one of the air supply shafts 22, that is, at least one air supply shaft 22 is located behind these two air ducts. The air supply shaft 22 located behind these two air ducts is connected to the air supply distribution channel 27. Therefore, on the same air supply distribution channel 27, the air outlets of the double air ducts are connected to the air supply shaft 22 behind them through this air supply distribution channel 27. Of course, air supply shafts 22 can be installed in front of these two air ducts, or they can be omitted. This embodiment does not impose specific restrictions on this and can be set according to the actual situation of the residents. The air supply shafts 22 in front of the air ducts cannot supply fresh air through the branch fresh air module 28, but can only supply fresh air through the main fresh air module 21.

[0131] When the main fresh air module 21 is running, when the two doors 2134 on the main fresh air module 21 close the two air outlets and the sliding door 273 closes the air inlet of the first air duct 271, the main fresh air module 21 provides air-conditioned fresh air, while the sub-fresh air module 28 does not work. The outside natural air is pre-treated by the main fresh air pretreatment module 212 and then enters the main air supply channel 26 under positive pressure through the main air supply fan 211. The fresh air will no longer pass through the sub-fresh air module 28 in the air supply sub-channel 27, but will directly enter the air supply shaft 22 behind through the second air duct 272.

[0132] When the two doors 2134 on the main fresh air module 21 open to the middle 2132 of the main air inlet cavity, opening the two air vents, and the sliding door 273 closes the air inlet of the second air duct 272, the main fresh air module 21 provides natural air. The sub-fresh air module 28 is in working condition. The outside natural air enters the main air supply channel 26 through the two air vents on the main fresh air module 21 and the main air supply fan 211 under positive pressure. The fresh air will not pass through the second air duct 272, but will be pre-treated by the sub-fresh air module 281 and then sent to the air supply shaft 22 behind.

[0133] In this embodiment, the fresh air distribution module 28 includes a fresh air distribution fan 281 and a fresh air distribution pretreatment module 282. The fresh air distribution pretreatment module 282 further includes a filter module 2822 and an air conditioning module 2821.

[0134] The fresh air distribution layer 3 is a single-level floor specifically designed for distributing fresh air. It may also contain several supply and exhaust air modules, which are isolated from each other by air passageways. Each supply and exhaust air module includes at least one functional space unit, with an air inlet and an air outlet. The fresh air replacement process in the fresh air distribution layer 3 is the same as in the other single-level floors 1, and will not be described in detail here. Of course, the fresh air distribution layer 3 can also be used solely for fresh air distribution without being a single-level floor equipped with supply and exhaust air modules. This invention does not impose specific limitations in this regard and can be configured according to actual needs.

[0135] The advantages of a building using a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system provided in this embodiment are:

[0136] 1. It fundamentally solves the spatial interference problem between the supply air ducts, exhaust air ducts, and structural beams in existing building fresh air systems, constructing a three-dimensional and efficient building fresh air system, especially for large and super-large buildings.

[0137] Current reinforced concrete buildings are all assemblies of foundations, columns, main beams, secondary beams, and floor slabs. In building construction, the partition walls separating different functional spaces are generally located above the building's structural beams, either main or secondary beams. To achieve blind-spot-free ventilation, especially deep ventilation, a channel for supplying fresh air and exhausting stale air must be constructed. This is generally achieved using a two-way flow fresh air system composed of supply and exhaust ducts. Even when using public spaces such as corridors to replace supply (exhaust) ducts, exhaust ducts (fresh air ducts) are still required.

[0138] In the space above the various functional units under the ceiling, the conflict between the structural beams and the exhaust ducts (fresh air ducts) is difficult to resolve: if the exhaust ducts pass through the openings in the structural beams, the openings will cause the structural beams to lose strength; if the exhaust ducts are lowered and bypass the structural beams, they will lower the ceiling and occupy too much upper space; especially in large and super-large buildings, the increase in fresh air replacement due to the expansion of the floor area causes the cross-section of the exhaust ducts to expand accordingly, making the problem of mutual interference between the large cross-section exhaust ducts and the structural beams difficult to resolve.

[0139] This embodiment employs a building's fresh air distribution layer and several air supply shafts to implement positive pressure air supply, horizontal exhaust channels, and main exhaust channels, ensuring smooth flow of fresh air and exhaust of polluted air. This fundamentally solves the spatial interference problem between the supply ducts, exhaust ducts, and structural beams in existing building fresh air systems, and constructs a three-dimensional and efficient fresh air system for buildings, especially large and super-large buildings.

[0140] 2. It provides the basic conditions for the construction and operation of buildings with the characteristics of "double low and double super" (extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultra-high plot ratio, and ultra-large volume).

[0141] This invention relates to a building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system. It utilizes a vertically multi-level, horizontally multi-channel air-isolation physical structure, with multiple horizontal floors and multiple air passages on each floor, to minimize the building's vertical and horizontal temperature gradients, thus creating a cooling core in summer and a heating core in winter. Furthermore, it employs a cubic or near-cubic layout, resulting in a "double-low, double-super" building with extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultra-high volume ratio, and ultra-large size. This minimizes the building's specific surface area, reducing the average external surface area per unit area of ​​the internal building to as low as 10%. -1 m 2 / m 2 The energy exchange intensity per unit building area with the external environment is greatly reduced to less than 1 / 10 of the corresponding indicators of ordinary buildings, exhibiting outstanding energy-saving characteristics. The summer air conditioning cooling load and winter air conditioning heating load are reduced by more than 3 / 4 compared to ordinary buildings. The magnitude and effect of its energy saving far exceed the energy saving magnitude and effect achieved by improving the thermal insulation performance of building materials and the performance of air conditioning and heating equipment.

[0142] The present invention relates to a building with a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system, namely a double-low and double-super building with a cubic or near-cubic outline. It also has the important advantages of significantly reducing the consumption of exterior building decoration materials, significantly improving the structural strength and seismic resistance of the building, reducing the complexity of construction technology, and shortening the construction period.

[0143] This invention discloses a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system for buildings. The system employs a vertically multi-level, horizontally multi-air-channel air isolation physical structure, with multiple horizontal floors and multiple air passages on each floor. It utilizes a fresh air distribution layer and several supply air shafts to implement positive pressure air supply, horizontal exhaust channels, and a main exhaust channel. This is a feasible and reliable technical path and solution for fresh air systems in low-rise and ultra-high-rise buildings. It fundamentally solves the core problem of fresh air introduction and stale air exhaust that must be addressed in the design, construction, and operation of large and ultra-large-scale buildings. It provides the foundation for the construction, operation, and widespread adoption of such large and ultra-large-scale buildings with significant land, energy, and material savings. This will influence the evolution of the relationship between humans and nature, change people's living and travel patterns, strongly promote the integration of industry and city, and transform the basic business model, structure, and appearance of the urban real estate industry.

[0144] 3. Improved the safety and security level of building ventilation systems.

[0145] Ensuring that pre-treated clean fresh air is not contaminated by other harmful substances before being delivered to various functional spaces on different floors of a building is a major challenge in fresh air system design.

[0146] This embodiment implements multi-point positive pressure air supply to each floor by setting up a fresh air distribution layer and several air supply shafts connected to the fresh air distribution layer. Fresh air is directly delivered to each floor, point and functional space unit. This eliminates the possibility of various pollution sources mixing or leaking into the fresh air system from a technical and material perspective, ensuring the closedness, reliability and safety of fresh air production and transportation, and improving the safety guarantee level of the building's fresh air system.

[0147] This invention implements multi-point positive pressure air supply on each floor, directly delivering fresh air to each functional space unit on each floor. It also significantly improves the building's fire emergency response capabilities: when a fire or other safety incident occurs in a certain area of ​​a floor, people in that fire area only need to enter the functional space unit near the air supply shaft to enter the safe zone. They do not need to cover their faces and mouths with wet towels or even risk their lives to rope down the stairs. They can simply wait for rescue, thus greatly improving the building's fire emergency response capabilities.

[0148] 4. The secondary climate conditions inside the building are better than those in the natural environment.

[0149] In terms of specific living conditions for humans, artificial secondary environments are superior to original ecological environments. This value judgment has been verified many times: multi-story concrete high-rise residential buildings are superior to caves, tap water is superior to original river water and groundwater, and flush toilets are superior to outhouses. Especially after the advent of energy technologies such as artificial fire-making and air conditioning, food cooked at high temperatures is superior to raw meat and blood, semiconductor lighting is superior to solar radiation, air conditioning after cooling and dehumidifying in summer is superior to ambient hot air, and floor heating in winter is superior to outdoor campfires.

[0150] A space is a livable dwelling as long as it can provide shelter from wind and rain, clean fresh air, suitable lighting, clean drinking water and hot water, stable electricity and network signal, and can smoothly expel polluted air, excrement and garbage.

[0151] This invention employs a fresh air system with vertical shaft air supply and horizontal exhaust at each floor, achieving optimal fresh air replacement and stale air removal at each floor, point, and functional space unit. This results in secondary climate environments within large and super-large buildings where air temperature, humidity, oxygen content, and cleanliness are superior to the original natural environment. Furthermore, the buildings are free from mosquitoes and other insects, and can incorporate new residential technologies and products such as real-time external imagery, closed-loop airflow dehumidification and drying heat pumps, gas-free electric kitchens, and semiconductor cold light source lighting, creating secondary climate and living conditions that are derived from but surpass the natural environment.

[0152] Example 2

[0153] This embodiment relates to a specific air-isolated physical structure employing a vertically supplied and horizontally exhausted fresh air system, featuring multiple vertical layers and multiple horizontal air passages. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this illustrates the energy characteristics of a building with extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultra-high volume ratio, and ultra-large size that adopts a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system.

[0154] The main parameters of a building using a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system in this embodiment are as follows:

[0155] Total land area: 17,500 m² 2 Green coverage rate: 60%; Building area: 6988.6 m² 2 ;

[0156] The building's overall shape is nearly a cube, with column spacing of 10m north-south and 7m east-west; floor height is 3m, and the total height above ground is 120m (40 floors). The north-south side length of each floor is 84.2m, and the east-west side length is 83m, with a total floor area of ​​6988.6m². 2 Total construction area: 333,000 m² 2 (Including two basement levels);

[0157] Each floor consists of 4 floor modules, with the southeast, northeast and southwest, northwest sub-modules divided by a north-south central passageway. Each module is centered on a vertical passageway consisting of 4 elevators and staircases, and includes 2 groups of 4 rows of 16 residential units, including two unit types: 8.2m*7m and 10m*7m. A 1.8m horizontal air supply duct is separated in the 10m*7m structural unit to accommodate the 8.2m*7m smaller units.

[0158] Total number of households: 2,560; Total number of people: 8,960.

[0159] Floor area ratio: 16.0; Total specific surface area: 0.195 m² 2 / m 2 ;

[0160] Fresh air volume: Based on an average of 3.5 people per household, each person needs 30m³ of fresh air per hour. 3 During holidays, everyone stays indoors 24 hours a day; cooking is prohibited using gas stoves, only electric stoves are allowed, and the fresh air consumption for cooking is calculated as 0.5 times the fresh air consumption for residential use; based on this, the maximum fresh air demand for a single-level apartment in 24 hours is calculated to be 242,000 m³. 3 That is, 10,000 m 3 / h; The maximum fresh air demand of the entire 40-story super-large residential building is 9.68 million m³ / h. 3 That is, 400,000 m 3 / h;

[0161] The heat load for fresh air pretreatment is calculated based on the requirement of cooling and dehumidifying the fresh air outside the building in summer (equivalent to a 20°C reduction) and heating the fresh air in winter (equivalent to a 20°C increase) and the above-mentioned fresh air volume. The maximum heat load for fresh air pretreatment required for a single-story building is 67kW.

[0162] Based on the refrigeration unit (heat pump) COP 3.0, the power consumption for fresh air pretreatment on each floor is 22.3 kW, and the maximum power consumption for fresh air pretreatment in the entire building is 892 kW; the maximum daily fresh air pretreatment energy consumption per person is 2.4 kWh; considering that there is no need for cooling, dehumidification or heating in spring and autumn, and that family members are away from home for work, the average annual fresh air energy consumption per person is less than half of the above value, that is, less than 1.2 kWh / day.

[0163] In this embodiment, a building using a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system consumes energy during operation, including energy consumption for fresh air pretreatment and energy consumption for household air conditioning.

[0164] This embodiment describes a building using a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 1 to 8 As shown, there are multiple air isolation layers in the vertical direction. In the horizontal direction, due to the need to reduce the radiation range of the supply and exhaust air shafts to reduce the size and distance of the supply and exhaust air ducts on each floor, this embodiment sets up 16 supply and exhaust air modules on each floor, which are grouped into four functional space units centered on the vertical supply and exhaust air shafts. These 16 supply and exhaust air modules are independent of each other and have air passages between them, thus creating an air-separated physical structure with multiple vertical layers and multiple horizontal air passages. In the air heat exchange process of this embodiment, air convection heat exchange, heat conduction and heat radiation all play a role. However, due to the effect of multiple vertical air isolation layers and multiple horizontal air isolation passages in the building, these three heat exchange methods are very weak, thus significantly reducing the energy consumption of residential air conditioning compared to traditional residences.

[0165] In this embodiment of air convection heat transfer, the fresh air volume is still very small compared to a super-large building, only 10,000 m³ per floor. 3 / h, which is 3m 3 / s, except for the relatively fast airflow velocity at the fresh air inlet and the polluted air outlet, the fresh air velocity in the main space of the building is very low, only 10. -2 On the m / s level, similar to air micro-clusters confined in the pores of lightweight foam materials, they are in a static or quasi-static state with a velocity close to zero, and air convection heat transfer can be ignored.

[0166] In this embodiment, the thermal conductivity of air is very weak, as the thermal conductivity of air at room temperature is 0.024 W / mK, which is only 4.4% of that of water (0.54 W / mK). In fact, air is a poor conductor of heat. The excellent thermal insulation effect of various foamed materials, such as polyurethane foam boards, aerated concrete blocks for walls, and even cotton-padded coats and quilts, comes from the air bubbles with thermal insulation properties in these materials.

[0167] In this embodiment, apart from the strong thermal radiation (thermal absorption) between the building facade and the ambient atmosphere due to the large temperature difference in summer and winter, the thermal radiation inside the building is also very weak.

[0168] Based on the above analysis, the building using a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system in this embodiment has an average annual per capita fresh air energy consumption of less than 1.2 kWh / day. Simultaneously, due to the use of a large-volume near-cubic structure, this embodiment exhibits significant energy-saving effects due to its extremely low specific surface area. Furthermore, because the building in this embodiment has multiple vertical floors, each with multiple air passageways, its air-isolated physical structure results in very weak air convection, heat conduction, and heat radiation within the building during operation. In short, the energy exchange between each resident and the environment is further reduced. Low; for each household in each floor and each air supply and exhaust module of this embodiment, the heat generated by the occupants themselves and the heating from cooking in winter can compensate for the slight heat leakage from the house to the environment to maintain the indoor temperature. In summer, it is only necessary to remove the heat generated by the occupants themselves, the heating from cooking, and the extremely low heat leakage from the environment to maintain the indoor temperature. As a result, the air conditioning energy consumption of the household in this embodiment is significantly reduced by more than 3 / 4 compared with traditional houses. The magnitude and effect of its energy saving are far beyond the magnitude and effect of energy saving achieved by improving the thermal insulation performance of building materials and the performance of air conditioning and heating equipment.

[0169] Example 3

[0170] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, adds a heat recovery function for the first floor. Specifically, a heat recovery device 232 is installed at the main exhaust vent. Stale air enters the heat recovery device 232, where heat is recovered before being discharged into the ambient atmosphere via the exhaust fan 231. This embodiment focuses on the heat recovery of stale air exhausted from the building, aiming to solve the problem of high-efficiency heating and warming of buildings by introducing fresh air during winter.

[0171] Building exhaust air in winter has a much higher calorific value (enthalpy) than ambient air because its temperature and especially humidity are higher.

[0172] Please see the table below for a comparison of the enthalpy difference of 1 kg of humid air under two different heat release paths with and without condensation: For the same 1 kg of humid air cooling down and releasing heat by the same 10°C, the two different heat release paths with and without condensation—20°C 80% → 10°C 100% and 20°C 50% → 10°C 95.21%—show that the former releases 102.1% more heat, both due to the contribution of water vapor (humidity).

[0173] Comparison of heat release when 1 kg of moist air cools by 10°C

[0174] (20℃80%→10℃100% PK 20℃50%→10℃95.2l%)

[0175]

[0176] The table above shows that the energy density (enthalpy) of the humid air containing water vapor in our environment is mainly determined by humidity, i.e., the water vapor content in the air, rather than mainly by the temperature of the air. This is quite unexpected from our experience.

[0177] Because of cooking, bathing, and breathing by people and animals inside buildings, the polluted air discharged from buildings in winter contains a large amount of water vapor. Based on the above analysis, this polluted air has the characteristics of "three highs" in terms of energy: high temperature, high humidity, and high energy density per unit mass (high enthalpy value). It is the best source of heat required for heating and warming up the fresh air during fresh air replacement in buildings.

[0178] This embodiment introduces heat pump technology into a residential fresh air system, and installs a heat recovery device 232 at the exhaust outlet of polluted air in the first floor. Figure 8 As shown, a finned tube heat exchanger 2321 is installed at the main exhaust vent of floor 1, and this finned tube heat exchanger 2321 is connected to the refrigeration compressor, expansion valve, and water-fluorine plate heat exchanger by pipelines to form a closed-loop refrigerant circulation channel, thereby constructing a heat transfer system (i.e., a heat pump system, which is also a refrigeration system), as shown. Figure 9 As shown, a high-efficiency solution is provided for heating fresh air in buildings during winter and producing sanitary hot water in bathrooms by achieving large-scale heat transfer between the airflow and hot water at the exhaust port with low power consumption of compressors, fans and water pumps.

[0179] Example 4

[0180] The main fresh air module 21 in this embodiment can provide two modes: air-conditioned fresh air and natural fresh air. The specific structure is as follows:

[0181] Please refer to Figure 10A fresh air module 21 is provided on the main air outlet. The fresh air module 21 includes a housing 213, an air conditioning module 212, and a fresh air fan 211. The housing 213 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fresh air distribution layer 3. The housing 213 has an air inlet cavity, which includes a front part 2131, a middle part 2132, and a rear part 2133 that are connected to each other. The air conditioning module 212 is located in the front part 2131 of the air inlet cavity, which is connected to the outside atmosphere. The fresh air fan 211 is located in the rear part 2133 of the air inlet cavity, which is connected to the main air outlet. An air vent is opened on each side of the housing 213, corresponding to the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity. A door 2134 is provided on each of the two air vents. Shaft 2135 is close to the front part 2131 of the air inlet cavity. Two doors 2134 can be opened to the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity. When the two doors 2134 are open, the front part 2131 and the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity can be separated. When the two doors 2134 are closed, the air vents on both sides of the housing 213 are closed. At this time, the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity is connected to the front part 2131 and the rear part 2133 of the air inlet cavity respectively. Fresh air can only enter from the front part 2131 of the air inlet cavity. After being heated or cooled by the air conditioning module 212, the air-conditioned fresh air passes through the middle part 2132 and the rear part 2133 of the air inlet cavity in sequence, and then enters the main air supply channel 26 of the fresh air distribution layer 3. This air-conditioned fresh air mode is suitable for operation in high temperature environment in summer and low temperature environment in winter. When the two doors 2134 are opened toward the middle 2132 of the air inlet cavity, the air vents on both sides of the housing 213 are open. At this time, the two doors 2134 separate the front 2131 and the middle 2132 of the air inlet cavity. That is, the middle 2132 of the air inlet cavity is connected to the rear 2133 of the air inlet cavity, but not to the front 2131 of the air inlet cavity. Therefore, the natural fresh air will not pass through the air conditioning module 212, but will directly enter the middle 2132 of the air inlet cavity from the air vents on both sides of the housing 213, and then enter the main air supply channel 26 of the fresh air distribution layer 3 through the front 2131 of the air inlet cavity. This natural fresh air mode is suitable for operation in spring and autumn.

[0182] Example 5

[0183] Fresh air module A and fresh air module B are respectively installed at both ends of the main air supply channel 26 of the fresh air distribution layer 3. That is, a main air outlet is respectively installed on the outer wall of the two opposite sides of the fresh air distribution layer 3. The two ends of the main air supply channel 24 are respectively connected to the two main air outlets. A fresh air module A and a fresh air module B are respectively installed on these two main air outlets, which are activated under different climatic conditions:

[0184] 1. An air-conditioning fresh air module A is installed at one end. In addition to the air inlet and fresh air fan, the fresh air module A also contains a finned tube heat exchanger and components such as a compressor, throttle valve, and external heat exchanger connected to the finned tube heat exchanger. The module operates in high-temperature environments in summer and low-temperature environments in winter. It performs air-conditioning treatment on the introduced fresh air to cool and dehumidify in summer and heat and raise the temperature in winter, and then pressurizes it into the main air supply channel 26.

[0185] 2. At the other end, a regular fresh air module B is installed. The regular fresh air module B does not contain air conditioning equipment for cooling, dehumidification or heating. This module operates in spring and autumn, and will introduce fresh air, filter it and then directly force it into the main air supply channel 26.

[0186] Example 6

[0187] In this embodiment, the fresh air distribution layer 3 is located at the bottom of the building, and the air supply shaft 22 has a variable cross-section feature:

[0188] 1. Please refer to Figure 11 The air supply shaft 22 includes an upper air supply shaft 221 and a lower air supply shaft 222 that are connected vertically. The flow cross-section of the upper air supply shaft 221 is smaller than that of the lower air supply shaft 222. That is, in the lower part of the building, the fresh air flow rate in the lower air supply shaft 222 is larger and the cross-section is also larger, so as to suppress the fresh air flow velocity and resistance in this section of the shaft.

[0189] 2. In the upper part of the building, since the fresh air flow has been partially delivered to each floor 1 in the lower part of the building as it travels from bottom to top in the air supply shaft 22, the fresh air flow rate in the air supply shaft 22 has been significantly reduced in this process. Therefore, the air supply section of the air supply shaft 22 is reduced, and the space freed up after the reduction is returned to the owner.

[0190] This embodiment uses the variable cross-section technology of the air supply shaft 22 to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the air supply shaft 221 in the upper part of the building in response to the reduction of fresh air flow, so that the owners of the upper and middle floors can obtain more usable area.

[0191] Example 7

[0192] In this embodiment, the fresh air distribution layer 3 is located at the waist of the building, for example, the fresh air distribution layer is located on the 21st floor of a building with a total of 40 floors. Several flat floors 1 are located at the upper and lower ends of the fresh air distribution layer 3, which greatly reduces the airflow resistance of the fresh air in the air supply shaft 22 and greatly reduces the power consumption of fresh air delivery.

[0193] In pneumatic conveying pipelines, the frictional resistance of gas flow is related to the type, density, velocity, viscosity coefficient of the gas, and the structural dimensions of the pipeline, making frictional resistance calculation a very complex task. However, the frictional resistance of airflow is always proportional to the square of the airflow velocity and the first power of the pipeline length. Therefore, reducing the airflow velocity is the preferred method to reduce the power consumption of the conveying airflow, i.e., to reduce the power of the blower.

[0194] In this embodiment, a fresh air distribution layer is installed at the mid-section of the building. Fresh air enters from the mid-section and is delivered upwards and downwards to each floor 1 within the air supply shaft 22. With the fresh air volume, structure, and cross-sectional area of ​​the air supply shaft 22 remaining unchanged for each floor, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 12 The air supply shaft 22 includes an upper air supply shaft 221 and a lower air supply shaft 222 that are connected vertically. The flow cross-section of the upper air supply shaft 221 is the same as that of the lower air supply shaft 222. The two air supply shafts (221, 222) are equivalent to parallel conveying. The cross-sectional area of ​​the air supply shaft is increased by 100%, and the speed and flow rate are reduced by 50% respectively. As a result, the friction resistance of the fresh air flow in the air supply shaft is reduced to about 1 / 8 of that in Example 1, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the fresh air fan.

Claims

1. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system, characterized in that, The building adopts an air isolation structure with multiple vertical layers and multiple horizontal air passages. The building includes a fresh air distribution layer and several flat floors. Several supply and exhaust air modules are provided in the flat floors. Several air passages separate the supply and exhaust air modules with air. Each supply and exhaust air module includes at least one functional space unit. Each functional space unit is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. The fresh air system includes: At least one main air supply outlet is installed on the exterior wall of the fresh air distribution layer; The main air supply channel is horizontally arranged within the fresh air distribution layer, and at least one end of it is connected to the main air supply outlet. Several air supply channels are horizontally arranged within the fresh air distribution layer and connected to the main air supply channel. A plurality of air supply shafts are vertically installed in the building and penetrate through a plurality of the floors; the plurality of air supply shafts are respectively connected to the main air supply channel and / or the branch air supply channel; a plurality of fresh air inlets are opened on each air supply shaft corresponding to each floor, and the fresh air inlets are connected to the air inlets of the functional space units within the corresponding floor; a fresh air module is provided on the main air supply outlet and / or the plurality of branch air supply channels, and the plurality of air supply shafts are connected to the fresh air modules on the main air supply outlet and / or the plurality of branch air supply channels to obtain fresh air; At least one main exhaust vent is provided on the exterior wall of each of the aforementioned floors; The exhaust ducts are provided horizontally in each of the above-mentioned floors. The exhaust ducts are respectively connected to the air outlets of the functional space units of the above-mentioned floors and the main exhaust outlet. A fresh air module is installed on the main air outlet. This fresh air module includes a housing, a fresh air fan, and a fresh air pretreatment module. The housing is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fresh air distribution layer. The housing has an air inlet cavity, which includes a front, middle, and rear section that are connected to each other. The fresh air pretreatment module is located in the front section of the air inlet cavity, and the front section of the air inlet cavity is in communication with the outside atmosphere. The fresh air fan is located in the rear section of the air inlet cavity, and the rear section of the air inlet cavity is in communication with the main air outlet. An air vent is opened on each side of the housing, corresponding to the middle section of the air inlet cavity. A door is provided on each of the two air vents, and the two doors can be opened towards the middle section of the air inlet cavity. When the two doors are open, the front section of the air inlet cavity is separated from the middle section through the two doors, and the air vents are connected to the rear section of the air inlet cavity. When the two doors close the two air vents, the front section of the air inlet cavity is connected to the middle section. The air supply channel is provided with a double air duct, and the two air outlets of the double air duct are connected to at least one of the air supply shafts. The two air inlets of this dual-air duct can be opened alternately via a sliding door; The aforementioned fresh air module is installed in one of the air ducts of this dual-air duct system; The building is a large or super-large building; The main air supply duct is constructed of brick and concrete or uses an air jacket; the exhaust duct is an air passageway.

2. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust ducts include a main exhaust duct and several branch exhaust ducts arranged on the same floor. The branch exhaust ducts are respectively connected to both sides of the main exhaust duct. Each branch exhaust duct is respectively connected to the air outlet of the functional space unit and the main exhaust outlet. At least one end of the main exhaust duct is connected to a main exhaust outlet on the same floor.

3. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An exhaust module is installed at the main exhaust vent.

4. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The exhaust module includes a heat recovery device.

5. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the above-mentioned flat floors has a main exhaust vent installed on its exterior wall. One end of the main exhaust channel is closed, and the other end is connected to the main exhaust vent.

6. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the two opposite sides of the exterior wall of each floor is provided with a main exhaust vent, and the two ends of the main exhaust channel are respectively connected to the two main exhaust vents.

7. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fresh air distribution layer is located at the bottom of the building, and the air supply shaft includes an upper air supply shaft and a lower air supply shaft that are connected vertically. The flow cross-section of the upper air supply shaft is less than or equal to the flow cross-section of the lower air supply shaft.

8. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fresh air distribution layer is located in the middle layer of the building, and several flat floors are located at the upper and lower ends of the fresh air distribution layer. The air supply shaft includes an upper air supply shaft and a lower air supply shaft that are connected vertically.

9. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fresh air module includes a fresh air fan.

10. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The fresh air module also includes a fresh air pretreatment module for pre-treating the fresh air.

11. A building employing a vertical supply and horizontal exhaust fresh air system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific surface area of ​​a building is the ratio of its external exterior area to its above-ground floor area. The specific surface area of ​​the building is 10. -1 m 2 / m 2 Order of magnitude or 10 -1 m 2 / m 2 The following orders of magnitude.

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