A semi-enclosed comprehensive arc-extinguishing lightning arrester

Abstract

The application discloses a semi-closed backflushing comprehensive arc-extinguishing lightning arrester, which comprises a lightning arrester body; the lightning arrester body is hollow, and an insulating partition plate is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the lightning arrester body, so that two independent arc-extinguishing cavities are formed in the lightning arrester body; a backflushing device is arranged in the upper end of the left arc-extinguishing cavity, and the lower end is provided with a backflushing opening; a jet airflow device is arranged in the lower end of the right arc-extinguishing cavity, and the upper end is provided with an airflow jet opening extending to the lateral surface; the top of the backflushing device and the bottom of the jet airflow device are respectively provided with an arc striking electrode; and a wall electrode is arranged on the insulating partition plate. The lightning arrester device can effectively prevent the flashover of insulators, reduce the lightning trip-out rate of power equipment, protect power facilities, improve the reliability of power grids, and is favorable for power safety production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to surge arresters used in overhead power transmission and distribution lines, and relates to a semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing surge arrester. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning strikes can cause various forms of damage and destruction to power facilities. Thundercloud discharges can induce lightning overvoltages in power systems. Common overvoltages in overhead lines include those caused by lightning strikes near the transmission line through electromagnetic induction and those caused by direct lightning strikes on the conductors. Lightning-induced overvoltages can damage insulators and transmission lines. Lightning-induced flashover discharges in insulators can cause burns and detachment of porcelain surfaces or network cracks in glass insulators, significantly reducing insulation strength. Lightning strikes on transmission lines or lightning protection wires can cause broken strands or even breakage, rendering power transmission impossible.

[0003] Lightning protection for transmission lines has always been a crucial aspect of power sector lightning protection efforts, as lightning faults remain a significant factor affecting power grid safety. When lightning strikes a transmission line, the resulting flashover causes insulator flashover, leading to substantial power frequency follow current, damaging insulator strings and fittings, and ultimately resulting in line accidents. Power sectors typically address this by installing surge protectors on transmission lines.

[0004] During their ongoing research, the applicant and related inventors discovered the following problems with existing surge protectors: 1) Insufficient arc extinguishing capability, with the arc extinguishing energy of the device always affecting the flashover arc energy; 2) Low arc extinguishing sensitivity, with the arc extinguishing device failing to operate under low-temperature arc conditions; 3) Poor durability, as most arc extinguishing devices require gas-generating materials to provide arc extinguishing conditions, resulting in unnecessary consumption in extreme environments; 4) Influenced by the operating mode, resulting in poor arc extinguishing and lightning protection effects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A semi-enclosed recoil-type integrated arc-extinguishing surge arrester includes a surge arrester body; the surge arrester body is hollow inside, and an insulating partition is provided along the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester body to form two independent arc-extinguishing chambers inside the surge arrester body; a recoil device is provided inside the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber on the left, and a recoil opening is provided at the lower end; a jet airflow device is provided inside the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber on the right, and an airflow nozzle extending outward from the upper end is provided; an arc-initiating electrode is provided at the top of the recoil device and the bottom of the jet airflow device; and a wall electrode is provided on the insulating partition.

[0008] Further explanation of the present invention: the recoil device mainly consists of a recoil tube and a lightning arrester; one end of the recoil tube is open and the lightning arrester is fixedly installed at the other end, making the recoil device a semi-closed tube with a hollow interior, one open end and the other closed end; the lightning arrester is electrically connected to the arc-starting electrode.

[0009] In a further description of the present invention, an arc guide ring I is provided at the opening of the backflush tube.

[0010] Further explanation of the present invention: the jet airflow device mainly consists of a jet airflow generator and a jet cylinder; the jet cylinder is hollow inside, with one end open and the other end fixedly mounted on the jet airflow generator; the bottom of the jet airflow generator is electrically connected to the arc-initiating electrode. The jet airflow generator can be based on the inventor's prior inventions, such as applications with application numbers 201420140125.X, 201821264900.7, and 201811319479.X, or can be based on existing jet airflow arc-extinguishing products on the market, etc.

[0011] A further description of the present invention is that an arc guide ring II is provided at the opening of the spray cylinder.

[0012] In a further description of the present invention, the wall electrode is an electrode sheet, a compression arc-extinguishing tube, or a backflush tube.

[0013] A further explanation of the present invention is that the interior of the compression arc-extinguishing tube is provided with an arc-guiding ball.

[0014] A further explanation of the present invention is that the outer surface of the surge arrester body is provided with several skirts. The addition of skirts to the surge arrester structure enhances the creepage distance and prevents arc discharge along the surface.

[0015] As further explained in this invention, the opening of the airflow nozzle extending outward is inclined downward.

[0016] In a further description of the present invention, the semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc extinguishing arrester device is installed at both ends of the insulator via connecting fittings. The arc-initiating electrode at the top of the recoil device in one semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc extinguishing arrester is electrically connected to the low-voltage end of the insulator, and the arc-initiating electrode at the bottom of the jet airflow device in the other semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc extinguishing arrester is electrically connected to the high-voltage end of the insulator. An air gap is formed between the two semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc extinguishing arresters.

[0017] Further explanation of the present invention: the lightning arrester and the arc guiding ring I are made of highly conductive metal or non-metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, tungsten, nickel, iron, graphite and other materials; the recoil tube is made of high-strength, high-pressure-resistant non-conductive metal materials, such as alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composite materials, organic ceramics and other non-conductive materials.

[0018] Further explanation of the present invention: the lower electrode and the arc guiding ring II are made of highly conductive metal or non-metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, tungsten, nickel, iron, graphite and other materials; the spray cylinder is made of high-strength, high-pressure-resistant non-conductive metal materials, such as alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composite materials, organic ceramics and other non-conductive materials.

[0019] The principle of this invention:

[0020] The device is installed in parallel at both ends of the insulator, forming an air gap between the two semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing surge arresters. According to national standards, when the size of the device, i.e., the gap length, meets the insulation coordination requirements, the lightning withstand level of the device is lower than that of the insulator. Therefore, when lightning overvoltage enters the insulator, the insulator will be protected first through this device.

[0021] When lightning strikes a tower or the lightning arrester wire of a transmission line, causing a flashover at the low-voltage end of the arrester, a lightning current begins to flow through the low-voltage end of the insulator string. This lightning current will pass through the electrode on the arrester device connected in parallel with the low-voltage side of the insulator. The arc can be drawn into the left arc-extinguishing chamber of this device through this electrode. The arc entering the left arc-extinguishing chamber is subjected to both internal and external interception by the recoil device, causing most of the arc to be extinguished. The remaining arc flows along the wall electrode into the right arc-extinguishing chamber. The right arc-extinguishing chamber has an arc-guiding ring II at the opening of the jet gas device. Under the action of the arc-guiding ring II and the wall electrode, the remaining arc enters the jet gas generator in the right arc-extinguishing chamber. The flowing arc current triggers the induction power supply of the gas generator, generating an induced current. This induced current will trigger the arc-extinguishing gas pellets to act, generating high-speed, high-pressure gas that acts on the arc, extinguishing the remaining arc and preventing reignition.

[0022] When lightning strikes a transmission line or induces an overvoltage, it causes a flashover of the insulator, resulting in a lightning current flowing through the high-voltage end. The resulting arc can pass through the surge arrester at the high-voltage end and be drawn into the arc-extinguishing chamber on the right side of the arrester by the electrodes. The current flowing through the electrodes at the high-voltage end triggers the induced current of the gas generator, which in turn triggers the arc-extinguishing gas pellets to act, generating high-speed, high-pressure gas that acts on the arc. Most of the arc is directly blown off and cannot reignite. The remaining arc enters the arc-extinguishing chamber on the left side through the wall electrodes. The left arc-extinguishing chamber has an arc-guiding ring I at the opening of the backflush tube. Under the action of the arc-guiding ring I and the wall electrodes, the arc entering the backflush device is subjected to both internal and external cutting-off by the backflush device, thus extinguishing the arc.

[0023] When the electric arc enters the recoil device from the arc guide ring, it is constrained by the recoil tube wall because the arc is an elastically deformable plasma. Upon entering the beginning of the recoil tube, the increased density, velocity, and temperature lead to an increase in internal pressure, ultimately causing a pressure burst effect. The arc impacts the lightning arrester at the bottom of the recoil tube, where it experiences a reverse elastic force, causing most of the arc's trajectory to change 180°. The rebounding arc, with even greater velocity, density, and pressure, creates a cavity effect at the inlet, causing the arc at the recoil tube port to be interrupted.

[0024] When the electric arc enters the backflush pipe from the lightning arrester, because the backflush pipe is very thin, the large lightning arc will be transformed into a thin arc when it enters the backflush pipe, filling the entire pipe. During this process, the air temperature rises due to the influence of the arc, causing the air in the pipe to expand and generate force, eventually forming a pressure explosion effect, blocking the passage of subsequent arcs and cutting off the arc.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. The jet airflow device can effectively extinguish electric arcs in different arc directions.

[0027] 2. The recoil principle of the recoil device can multiply the ability to extinguish electric arcs.

[0028] 3. The high gas pressure generated in the arc-extinguishing chamber containing the jet gas device can accelerate the recovery of the medium's strength, allowing the electric arc to extinguish more quickly.

[0029] 4. The wall electrode in the center of the insulating partition can effectively disperse the arc energy, making the arc easier to extinguish.

[0030] 5. It has a wide range of applications and is not affected by conductor layout, tower type, or polarity effect.

[0031] 6. The electric arc is extinguished in the impact arc-extinguishing section and the power frequency arc-building channel is destroyed, ensuring that the relay protection device is not detected.

[0032] 7. Once installed, it can be used repeatedly for a long time. Only the jet airflow device and backflush device need to be replaced periodically, resulting in low operating costs.

[0033] 8. Effectively prevents insulator flashover problems, reduces the tripping rate of power equipment due to lightning strikes, protects power facilities, improves power grid reliability, and is conducive to safe power production.

[0034] 9. Compared with multi-chamber series products, this invention has the following advantages:

[0035] (1) Durability comparison. The gas-generating material added to the multi-chamber requires baking under high temperature conditions to generate gas. Therefore, the gas-generating material in the multi-chamber arc extinguishing device is consumed under high temperature conditions, resulting in poor durability of the multi-chamber. However, the injection backflushing material and the injection device material used in this invention do not have consumption factors and do not need to be extinguished through the gas generation mechanism, resulting in better durability.

[0036] (2) Comparison of arc extinguishing effects. In a multi-chamber, each pair of adjacent electrodes generates a condensing electrode effect when the arc passes through, meaning that the arc temperature is lower under adjacent electrodes. The low-temperature arc bakes the gas-generating material, resulting in poor gas generation. The contradiction between the condensing electrode effect and the high-temperature baking gas generation leads to arc extinguishing, resulting in poor arc extinguishing effect. In contrast, this invention uses a narrow tube injection mechanism and a gas explosion mechanism to blow off the arc. The arc collision generates huge arc extinguishing energy. By utilizing the arc's own energy and collision arc extinguishing, and with the arc extinguishing gas medium recovering quickly, it can effectively prevent arc reignition, resulting in excellent arc extinguishing effect.

[0037] (3) Comparison of arc extinguishing sensitivity. Based on the above durability and arc extinguishing effect, the durability of the multi-chamber is affected by high temperature, while the gas generation is affected by the electrode condensation effect, that is, the low temperature arc baking ability is extremely low. The contradiction between the condensation effect and the high temperature baking gas generation forms the arc extinguishing effect. When a small arc passes through, the arc extinguishing effect is not good. Only when a larger arc passes through can the multi-chamber operate correctly. However, the flow of a large arc will cause the relay protection to trip, so the arc extinguishing sensitivity of the multi-chamber is not ideal. In contrast, regardless of whether a large or small arc exists, as long as the arc enters the invention, the injection mechanism and the gas pellet explosion gas generation arc extinguishing mechanism will be generated, resulting in higher sensitivity.

[0038] (4) Comparison of operating modes. According to the above sensitivity analysis, the operation of multi-chamber systems is affected by external factors such as system operating mode and short-circuit current, and there is an arc extinguishing blind zone, which makes it very difficult to match the lightning protection of multi-chamber systems; while the present invention is not affected by external factors such as system operating mode and short-circuit current. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lightning arrester installation method of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a surge arrester according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the recoil device structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the jet airflow device of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a surge arrester according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a surge arrester according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a surge arrester according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] The labels in the above figures and their corresponding component names are as follows:

[0047] 1-Surge arrester body, 2-Airflow nozzle, 3-Insulating partition, 4-Recoil device, 5-Jet airflow device, 6-Wall electrode, 7-Arch extinguishing chamber, 8-Skirt, 41-Recoil tube, 42-Lightning arrester, 411-Arc guiding ring I, 51-Jet airflow generator, 52-Jet cylinder, 521-Arc guiding ring II. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The following detailed, non-limiting description of the technical solution of the present invention is provided in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] like Figure 2-4 As shown, a semi-enclosed recoil-type integrated arc-extinguishing surge arrester includes a surge arrester body 1; the surge arrester body 1 is hollow inside, and an insulating partition 3 is provided along the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester body 1, forming two independent arc-extinguishing chambers 7 inside the surge arrester body 1; a recoil device 4 is provided inside the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber on the left, and a recoil opening is provided at the lower end; a jet airflow device 5 is provided inside the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber on the right, and an airflow nozzle 2 extending outward from the upper end is provided; an arc-initiating electrode is provided at the top of the recoil device 4 and the bottom of the jet airflow device 5; a wall electrode 6 is provided on the insulating partition 3.

[0051] The recoil device 4 mainly consists of a recoil tube 41 and a lightning arrester 42; one end of the recoil tube 41 is open and the other end is fixedly installed with the lightning arrester 42, making the recoil device 4 a semi-closed tube with a hollow interior, one open end and the other closed end; the lightning arrester 42 is electrically connected to the arc-starting electrode.

[0052] The jet airflow device 5 mainly consists of a jet airflow generator 51 and a jet cylinder 52; the jet cylinder 52 is hollow inside, with one end open and the other end fixedly installed on the jet airflow generator 51, and the bottom of the jet airflow generator 51 is electrically connected to the arc-initiating electrode.

[0053] The wall electrode 6 is an electrode sheet.

[0054] Example 2:

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the wall electrode 6 adopts a compression arc-extinguishing tube and the compression arc-extinguishing tube is provided with an arc-guiding ball inside. The opening of the recoil tube 41 is provided with an arc-guiding ring I 411; the opening of the spray tube 52 is provided with an arc-guiding ring II 521.

[0056] Example 3:

[0057] like Figure 6 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the wall electrode 6 uses a backflush tube. The backflush tube is a semi-closed tube with one end open and the other end connected to the lightning electrode. The outer surface of the surge arrester body 1 is provided with several skirts 8.

[0058] Example 4:

[0059] like Figure 7 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the opening of the airflow nozzle extending outward is tilted downward.

[0060] In practical applications, such as Figure 1 As shown, this device can be installed in parallel at both ends of an insulator as a parallel device with arc-extinguishing function. The top of the recoil device in one semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc-extinguishing arrester is connected to the electrode and installed on the low-voltage side of the insulator. The bottom of the jet airflow device in the other semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc-extinguishing arrester is connected to the electrode and installed on the corresponding high-voltage side of the insulator. An air gap is formed between these two semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc-extinguishing arresters. The middle of the device is a flashover air channel. Through insulation coordination, the lightning overvoltage generated when lightning strikes a tower or lightning protection wire preferentially breaks down the parallel channel protecting the insulator string, and the resulting arc enters the semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc-extinguishing arrester.

[0061] When lightning strikes a tower or the lightning protection wire of a transmission line, causing a flashover of the surge arrester, a lightning current begins to flow through the low-voltage end of the insulator string. The electrode connected to the recoil device is electrically connected to the insulator string on the low-voltage side. Through insulation coordination, the lightning overvoltage generated when lightning strikes the tower or lightning protection wire preferentially breaks down the parallel channel protecting the insulator string, causing a lightning current to flow through the low-voltage end of the insulator. This lightning current will pass through the electrode on the surge arrester device connected in parallel with the low-voltage side of the insulator. The electric arc can be drawn into the arc-extinguishing chamber on the left side of the device through this electrode. The arc entering the arc-extinguishing chamber is subjected to both internal and external interception by the recoil device, causing most of the arc to be extinguished. The remaining arc enters the right arc-extinguishing chamber along the wall electrode. There is an arc-guiding ring II at the opening of the jet gas device in the right arc-extinguishing chamber. Under the action of the arc-guiding ring II and the wall electrode, the remaining arc enters the jet gas generating device in the right arc-extinguishing chamber. The arc current triggers the induction power supply of the gas generator to generate an induced current. The induced current will trigger the arc-extinguishing gas pellet to act, generating high-speed, high-pressure gas that acts on the arc. The remaining arc is blown off and cannot reignite.

[0062] When lightning strikes a transmission line or induces an overvoltage, it causes a flashover of the insulator, and lightning current begins to flow through the high-voltage end. At this time, the electrode of the surge arrester device on the high-voltage end of the insulator, which is connected to the jet air device, is connected to the insulator string on the high-voltage side. This surge arrester device corresponds to the surge arrester device on the low-voltage end, with a flashover air channel in the middle. Through insulation coordination and corresponding volt-second characteristics, the lightning overvoltage generated when lightning strikes the transmission line preferentially breaks down the parallel channel protecting the insulator string. The resulting arc can pass through the surge arrester device on the high-voltage end and be drawn into the arc-extinguishing chamber on the right side of the surge arrester device by the electrode. The current flowing in the electrode on the high-voltage end triggers the induced power supply of the gas generator to generate an induced current. The induced current will trigger the arc-extinguishing gas pellet to act, generating high-speed, high-pressure gas that acts on the arc. Most of the arc is directly blown off and the arc cannot reignite. The remaining arc enters the left arc-extinguishing chamber through the wall electrode. There is an arc-guiding ring I at the opening of the backflush tube of the backflush device in the left arc-extinguishing chamber. Under the action of the arc-guiding ring I and the wall electrode, the arc entering the backflush device will be cut off by both internal and external cutting off of the backflush device.

[0063] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing surge arrester, comprising a surge arrester body (1); characterized in that: The main body (1) of the surge arrester is hollow inside, and an insulating partition (3) is provided along the longitudinal direction of the main body (1) of the surge arrester so that two independent arc-extinguishing chambers (7) are formed inside the main body (1); a backflush device (4) is provided inside the upper end of the arc-extinguishing chamber on the left, and a backflush opening is provided at the lower end; a jet airflow device (5) is provided inside the lower end of the arc-extinguishing chamber on the right, and an airflow nozzle (2) extending outward is provided at the upper end; an arc-initiating electrode is provided at the top of the backflush device (4) and the bottom of the jet airflow device (5); a wall electrode (6) is provided on the insulating partition (3).

2. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recoil device (4) mainly consists of a recoil tube (41) and a lightning arrester (42); the recoil tube (41) is open at one end and the lightning arrester (42) is fixedly installed at the other end, making the recoil device (4) a semi-closed tube with a hollow interior, an open end, and a closed end; the lightning arrester (42) is electrically connected to the arc-starting electrode.

3. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening of the recoil tube (41) is provided with an arc guide ring I (411).

4. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet airflow device (5) mainly consists of a jet airflow generator (51) and a jet cylinder (52); the inside of the jet cylinder (52) is hollow, one end of the jet cylinder (52) is open, and the other end is fixedly installed on the jet airflow generator (51). The bottom of the jet airflow generator (51) is electrically connected to the arc-starting electrode.

5. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 4, characterized in that: The opening of the spray tube (52) is provided with an arc guide ring II (521).

6. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall electrode (6) is made of an electrode sheet, a compression arc extinguishing tube, or a backflush tube.

7. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 6, characterized in that: The compressed arc-extinguishing tube is equipped with an arc-guiding ball inside.

8. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the main body (1) of the surge arrester is provided with several skirts (8).

9. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening of the airflow nozzle (2) extending outward is inclined downward.

10. The semi-enclosed reverse-jet integrated arc-extinguishing arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc extinguishing arrester devices are installed at both ends of the insulator through connecting fittings. The arc-initiating electrode at the top of the recoil device (4) in one semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc extinguishing arrester is electrically connected to the low-voltage end of the insulator, and the arc-initiating electrode at the bottom of the jet airflow device (5) in the other semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc extinguishing arrester is electrically connected to the high-voltage end of the insulator. An air gap is formed between the two semi-enclosed recoil integrated arc extinguishing arresters.

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