A CNC roller bending device for stairway guide rail bending and forming

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerically controlled roller bending device for bending and forming ladder guide rails, comprising a main body, wherein a spacing adjustment mechanism is arranged inside the main body, two fixed die mechanisms are arranged at the upper end of the spacing adjustment mechanism, a movable die mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the main body, and a pressure mechanism is arranged at one end of the upper surface of the main body. The beneficial effects achieved by the invention are as follows: the spacing adjustment mechanism makes the spacing adjustment between the two fixed die mechanisms more synchronous through a bidirectional threaded rod, without manual operation, and different spacings are adjusted to roll ladder guide rails with different bending amplitudes. The contact points between the fixed dies of the two fixed die mechanisms and the ladder guide rails will change, so the provision of a slide plate and a limit groove can effectively fix the slide block to prevent sliding, and the third motor is used to adjust the stroke of the hydraulic rod, so that the movement amount of the movable die is changed, thereby changing the rolling depth, so that the rolling arc of the ladder guide rail can be freely adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a guide rail bending device, in particular to a numerically controlled roller bending device used for bending and forming of ladder guide rails, belonging to the field of mechanical technology. Background Art

[0002] An escalator is a fixed electric drive device composed of a special structural chain conveyor and two special structural belt conveyors with a circulating moving ladder path, used to transport passengers upward or downward between different floors of a building. It is a continuous conveying machine that carries people up and down.

[0003] In recent years, with the continuous increase of urbanization construction, the rapid development of urban transportation, urban transportation construction, and a large number of subway transportation projects, the escalator industry has been greatly driven. The traditional process of escalator guide rails is completed by stretching and bending. Although the process is simple, the cross-sectional size cannot be controlled after stretching, and the material utilization rate is extremely low. At the same time, it increases the manufacturing cost of the enterprise. From the perspective of the enterprise, it is imperative to improve the roll bending process based on the traditional process, combined with the particularity of the product and the needs of customers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a numerically controlled roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending and forming processing.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A numerically controlled roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending forming is designed, comprising a main body, a spacing adjustment mechanism is arranged inside the main body, two fixed mold mechanisms are arranged at the upper end of the spacing adjustment mechanism, a movable mold mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the main body, and a pressure mechanism is arranged at one end of the upper surface of the main body;

[0007] The spacing adjustment mechanism includes a first motor, which is fixedly connected to the side surface of one end of the main body through a fixing frame, and a bidirectional threaded rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor. A slide groove is provided on the upper surface of the end of the main body close to the first motor, and a rotation groove is provided on the side surface of the slide groove. A groove is provided on the side surface of the slide groove away from the rotation groove, and a bearing is fixedly connected inside the groove. The bearing and the slide groove are both slidably connected to sliders at both ends, and the surfaces of the two sliders are provided with threaded grooves.

[0008] The fixed mold mechanism comprises a square plate, the square plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the slider, the upper surface of the square plate is fixedly connected to the fixed mold, the upper surface of the fixed mold is fixedly connected to the sleeve, the interior of the sleeve is fixedly connected to the second motor, the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to the rotating rod, the surfaces of the square plate, the slider and the fixed mold are all provided with through grooves, the lower end outer surface of the rotating rod is provided with external threads, the lower end side wall of the slide groove is provided with a limiting groove, the interior of the limiting groove is slidably connected to the slide plate, and the surface of the slide plate is provided with a threaded hole;

[0009] The movable mold mechanism comprises a long groove, the long groove is opened on the upper surface of the main body, a sliding rod is slidably connected inside the long groove, a bottom groove is opened on the lower end surface of the long groove, a bottom plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sliding rod, a movable mold is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding rod, and a fixed column is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable mold;

[0010] The pressure mechanism includes a base, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the main body away from the end of the slide groove, the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected to a hydraulic cylinder, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to a hydraulic rod, the inside of the long groove is slidably connected to a vertical rod, the bottom end of the vertical rod is fixedly connected to a limited sliding block, the upper end of the vertical rod is fixedly connected to a vertical plate, one side of the vertical plate is fixedly connected to a reinforcement block, two threaded long grooves are provided on the surfaces of the vertical plate and the reinforcement block, the insides of the two threaded long grooves are threadedly connected to load-bearing screws, one end of the two load-bearing screws are fixedly connected to a long gear, one side surface of the vertical plate is fixedly connected to two third motors, and the output ends of the two third motors are fixedly connected to short gears.

[0011] Preferably, the threads at both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod have opposite directions, and the two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod are rotatably connected to the bearing and the rotating groove respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the two thread grooves are respectively threadedly connected to two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod.

[0013] Preferably, the through grooves on the surfaces of the square plate, the sliding block and the fixed mold are all rotatably connected to the same rotating rod.

[0014] Preferably, the threaded hole is arranged corresponding to the external thread.

[0015] Preferably, the bottom plate is slidably connected to the bottom groove.

[0016] Preferably, the limiting sliding block is slidably connected to the bottom groove.

[0017] Preferably, the two short gears are meshed with their corresponding long gears.

[0018] Preferably, the ends of the two load-bearing screws away from the long gear are both arranged in contact with the movable mold.

[0019] Preferably, one end of the hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the center of the vertical plate.

[0020] The invention provides a numerically controlled roller bending device for stairway guide rail bending and forming, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) By controlling the number and angle of rotation and driving the bidirectional threaded rod to rotate a fixed number of circles and angles, the spacing between the two sliders can be accurately controlled to adjust the bending amplitude of the ladder guide rail. When the bidirectional threaded rod drives the two sliders to slide toward the middle, the center point remains unchanged.

[0022] (2) The second motor drives the rotating rod to rotate. The external thread at the bottom of the rotating rod drives the slide plate upward under the action of the threaded hole. The slide plate cannot move upward in the limit groove, so it is tightly pressed against the upper surface of the limit groove, so that the entire fixed mold mechanism is fixed. Friction is generated during rolling to prevent side sliding. Since the lateral extrusion force angle of the ladder guide rail on the fixed mold is small, the force is small and only part of the friction force is needed to offset it, effectively preventing the fixed mold from sliding along the slide groove when it is under force.

[0023] (3) The third motor drives the short gear at its output end to rotate, and the short gear drives its corresponding long gear, and the long gear drives the load-bearing screw to rotate. The load-bearing screw moves under the action of the long thread groove, so that the distance between the load-bearing screw and the movable mold changes. When the stroke length of the hydraulic rod is fixed, the moving distance of the movable mold is changed by changing the distance between the load-bearing screw and the movable mold, thereby changing the depth of the rolling and adjusting the curvature of the ladder guide rail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A top view of the structure of a numerically controlled roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending and forming processing proposed by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A numerically controlled roller bending device for the bending and forming of ladder guide rails proposed by the present invention Figure 1 Middle AA section view;

[0026] Figure 3 A numerically controlled roller bending device for the bending and forming of ladder guide rails proposed by the present invention Figure 1 Middle BB section view;

[0027] Figure 4 A numerically controlled roller bending device for the bending and forming of ladder guide rails proposed by the present invention Figure 1 Middle CC section view;

[0028] Figure 5A numerically controlled roller bending device for the bending and forming of ladder guide rails proposed by the present invention Figure 1 Middle DD section view;

[0029] Figure 6 A numerically controlled roller bending device for the bending and forming of ladder guide rails proposed by the present invention Figure 2 The enlarged structure of part E in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 A numerically controlled roller bending device for the bending and forming of ladder guide rails proposed by the present invention Figure 4 The enlarged structure of part F in the middle;

[0031] Figure 8 A numerically controlled roller bending device for the bending and forming of ladder guide rails proposed by the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure of part G in the middle.

[0032] In the figure: main body 1, spacing adjustment mechanism 2, first motor 21, bidirectional threaded rod 22, rotating groove 23, sliding groove 24, groove 25, bearing 26, slider 27, threaded groove 28, fixed mold mechanism 3, square plate 31, fixed mold 32, sleeve 33, second motor 34, through groove 35, rotating rod 36, external thread 37, limiting groove 38, slide plate 39, threaded hole 310, movable mold mechanism 4, long groove 41, sliding rod 42, bottom groove 43, bottom plate 44, movable mold 45, fixed column 46, pressure mechanism 5, base 51, hydraulic cylinder 52, limiting slider 53, vertical rod 54, vertical plate 55, reinforcement block 56, threaded long groove 57, load-bearing screw 58, long gear 59, third motor 510, short gear 511, hydraulic rod 512. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0034] Reference Figure 1-8 A numerically controlled roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending and forming processing comprises a main body 1, a spacing adjustment mechanism 2 is arranged inside the main body 1, two fixed mold mechanisms 3 are arranged at the upper end of the spacing adjustment mechanism 2, a movable mold mechanism 4 is arranged on the upper surface of the main body 1, and a pressure mechanism 5 is arranged at one end of the upper surface of the main body 1;

[0035] The spacing adjustment mechanism 2 includes a first motor 21, which is fixedly connected to the side surface of one end of the main body 1 through a fixing frame, and a bidirectional threaded rod 22 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor 21. A slide groove 24 is provided on the upper surface of the end of the main body 1 close to the first motor 21, and a rotation groove 23 is provided on the side surface of the slide groove 24. A groove 25 is provided on the side surface of the slide groove 24 away from the rotation groove 23, and a bearing 26 is fixedly connected inside the groove 25. The bearing 26 and the slides 27 are both slidably connected at both ends of the slide groove 24. The surfaces of the two slides 27 are both provided with threaded grooves 28. The spacing adjustment mechanism 2 makes the spacing adjustment between the two fixed mold mechanisms 3 more synchronous through the bidirectional threaded rod 22. It can be driven by the first motor 21 and can be digitally controlled without manual operation. Different spacings are adjusted to roll ladder guide rails with different bending amplitudes.

[0036] The fixed mold mechanism 3 includes a square plate 31, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the slider 27, and a fixed mold 32 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the square plate 31, and a sleeve 33 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixed mold 32. The second motor 34 is fixedly connected to the inside of the sleeve 33, and the output end of the second motor 34 is fixedly connected to a rotating rod 36. The surfaces of the square plate 31, the slider 27 and the fixed mold 32 are all provided with a through groove 35, and the lower end outer surface of the rotating rod 36 is provided with an external thread 37. The lower end side wall of the slide groove 24 is provided with a limiting groove 38, and a slide plate 39 is slidably connected to the inside of the limiting groove 38. The surface of the slide plate 39 is provided with a threaded hole 310. The fixed mold mechanism 3 plays the role of a backing when rolling the ladder guide rail. In the process of bending the ladder guide rail, the contact point between the fixed molds 32 of the two fixed mold mechanisms 3 and the ladder guide rail will change, which will cause the force direction of the fixed mold mechanism 3 to deviate by a small angle. The provision of the slide plate 3 and the limiting groove 38 can effectively fix the slider 24 to prevent sliding.

[0037] The movable mold mechanism 4 includes a long groove 41, which is opened on the upper surface of the main body 1, and a slide rod 42 is slidably connected inside the long groove 41. A bottom groove 43 is opened on the lower end surface of the long groove 41, and a bottom plate 44 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the slide rod 42. A movable mold 45 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the slide rod 42, and a fixed column 46 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable mold 45. The movable mold mechanism 4 performs roll forming on the ladder guide rail, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the ladder guide rail can be kept constant during roll forming by the movable mold 45 and the two fixed molds 32;

[0038] The pressure mechanism 5 includes a base 51, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the main body 1 away from the slide groove 24. The upper surface of the base 51 is fixedly connected to a hydraulic cylinder 52, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 52 is fixedly connected to a hydraulic rod 512. The interior of the long groove 41 is slidably connected to a vertical rod 54, and the bottom end of the vertical rod 54 is fixedly connected to a limited slider 53, and the upper end of the vertical rod 54 is fixedly connected to a vertical plate 55, and one side of the vertical plate 55 is fixedly connected to a reinforcement block 56. The surfaces of the vertical plate 55 and the reinforcement block 56 are both provided with two threaded long grooves 57, and the two threaded long grooves 57 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the vertical plate 55. The inside is threadedly connected with a load-bearing screw 58, one end of the two load-bearing screws 58 is fixedly connected with a long gear 59, one side surface of the vertical plate 55 is fixedly connected with two third motors 510, the output ends of the two third motors 510 are fixedly connected with a short gear 511, and the pressure mechanism 5 transmits pressure between the long threaded groove 57 and the load-bearing screw 58. The pressure can be adjusted by the third motor 510 to change the stroke of the hydraulic rod 512, so that the movement amount of the movable mold 45 changes, thereby changing the depth of rolling, so that the rolling arc of the ladder guide rail can be freely adjusted.

[0039] The threads at both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 22 are in opposite directions, and the two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 22 are rotatably connected to the bearing 26 and the rotation groove 23 respectively, so as to facilitate the stable sliding of the bidirectional threaded rod 22.

[0040] The two thread grooves 28 are respectively threadedly connected to the two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 22, so as to facilitate the two sliders 27 to move toward or away from each other with equal movement amounts.

[0041] The through grooves 35 on the surfaces of the square plate 31 , the slider 27 and the fixed mold 32 are all rotatably connected to the same rotating rod 36 , so that the rotating rod 36 is connected to the threaded hole 310 of the slide plate 39 .

[0042] The threaded hole 310 is arranged corresponding to the external thread 37, so as to drive the slide plate 39 to clamp the slide block 27 and prevent the fixed mold 32 from being forced to move sideways.

[0043] The bottom plate 44 is slidably connected to the bottom groove 43 to facilitate sliding limiting and prevent the slide bar 42 from tipping over.

[0044] The limiting slide block 53 is slidably connected to the bottom groove 43 to facilitate sliding limiting and prevent the vertical rod 54 from tipping over.

[0045] The two short gears 511 are meshed with their corresponding long gears 59 to drive the short gears 511 to rotate.

[0046] One end of the two load-bearing screws 58 away from the long gear 59 is arranged in contact with the movable mold 45, so as to facilitate pushing the movable mold 45 for rolling.

[0047] One end of the hydraulic rod 512 is fixedly connected to the center of the vertical plate 55 to facilitate pushing the vertical plate 55 to move.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] The required fixed mold 32 and movable mold 45 are assembled, the external power supply is started, the ladder guide rails to be rolled are placed in the grooves of the two fixed molds 32, and the hydraulic cylinder 52 is started. The hydraulic cylinder 52 pushes the hydraulic rod 512 to move, and the hydraulic rod 512 pushes the vertical plate 55 to move. The vertical plate 55 drives the vertical rod 54 and the limit slider 53 at the lower end to slide along the long groove 41 and the bottom groove 43 respectively. The limit slider 53 and the bottom groove 43 can keep the vertical plate 55 sliding stably without tilting. The vertical plate 55 pushes the load-bearing screw 58 to run through the threads in the threaded long groove 57. The reinforcement block 56 increases the number of threads to make the thrust more stable. The load-bearing screw 58 pushes the movable mold 45 to move. The movable mold 45 drives the sliding rod 42 and the bottom plate 44 to slide in the long groove 41 and the bottom groove 43 respectively. After the movable mold 45 contacts the ladder guide rail, it is rolled. Deformation space is set in the grooves of the movable mold 45 and the fixed mold 32 to prevent the strength of the cross section of the ladder guide rail from decreasing.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] If the bending amplitude of the ladder guide rail needs to be increased in length, the first motor 21 is controlled to start, and the first motor 21 drives the bidirectional threaded rod 22 to rotate. The threads at both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 22 are in opposite directions, and the two sliders 27 are driven to slide to both ends by the threads in opposite directions. The first motor 21 adopts a servo motor, and the number of rotations and angles are accurately controlled by the control system, and the bidirectional threaded rod 22 is driven to rotate a fixed number of circles. The angle can accurately control the spacing between the two sliders 27, so that when rolling with the ladder guide rail, the support point of the force bending becomes larger, and the bending amplitude is also increased accordingly. The first motor 21 is controlled by the CNC system to achieve precise adjustment. If the bending amplitude needs to be reduced, the first motor 21 drives the bidirectional threaded rod 22 to rotate in the opposite direction, and the bidirectional threaded rod 22 drives the two sliders 27 to slide to the middle. The bidirectional threaded rod 22 can make the sliding of the sliders 27 on both sides always keep the center point unchanged.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] During rolling, the movable mold 45 squeezes the ladder guide rail onto the fixed mold 32. During the continuous squeezing process, the ladder guide rail is bent, and the contact point between the bent ladder guide rail and the two fixed molds 32 changes, resulting in a slight change in the force direction of the fixed mold 32. The two fixed molds 32 act as a backer and may slide along the direction of the slide groove 24 when subjected to the roller pressure. The second motor 34 is started, and the second motor 34 drives the rotating rod 36 to rotate. The external thread 37 at the bottom of the rotating rod 36 drives the slide plate 39 upward under the action of the threaded hole 310. The slide plate 39 cannot move upward in the limit groove 38, so it is tightly against the upper surface of the limit groove 38, so that the entire fixed mold mechanism 3 is fixed, and friction is generated during rolling to prevent side sliding. Since the lateral squeezing component angle of the ladder guide rail on the fixed mold 32 is small, the component force is small, and only part of the friction force is needed to offset it, effectively preventing the fixed mold 32 from side sliding along the slide groove 24 when subjected to force.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] When the curvature of the ladder guide rail needs to be adjusted, it is only necessary to adjust the stroke of the hydraulic rod 512 to change the movement amount of the movable mold 45, thereby changing the rolling depth and making the rolling curvature of the ladder guide rail freely adjustable. Specifically, by controlling the third motor 510, the two third motors 510 drive the short gear 511 at the output end thereof to rotate, and the short gear 511 drives its corresponding long gear 59, and the long gear 59 drives the load-bearing screw 58 to rotate. The load-bearing screw 58 moves under the action of the long thread groove 57, so that the distance between the load-bearing screw 58 and the movable mold 45 changes. When the stroke length of the hydraulic rod 512 is fixed, the moving distance of the movable mold 45 is changed by changing the distance between the load-bearing screw 58 and the movable mold 45, thereby changing the rolling depth and adjusting the curvature of the ladder guide rail.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A numerically controlled roller bending device for use in bending and forming ladder guide rails, comprising a main body (1), characterized in that: A spacing adjustment mechanism (2) is arranged inside the main body (1), and two fixed mold mechanisms (3) are arranged at the upper end of the spacing adjustment mechanism (2); a movable mold mechanism (4) is arranged on the upper surface of the main body (1), and a pressure mechanism (5) is arranged at one end of the upper surface of the main body (1); The spacing adjustment mechanism (2) comprises a first motor (21), the first motor (21) being fixedly connected to a side surface of one end of a main body (1) via a fixing frame, the output end of the first motor (21) being fixedly connected to a bidirectional threaded rod (22), a slide groove (24) being provided on an upper surface of an end of the main body (1) close to the first motor (21), a rotation groove (23) being provided on a side surface of the slide groove (24), a groove (25) being provided on a side surface of an end of the slide groove (24) away from the rotation groove (23), a bearing (26) being fixedly connected inside the groove (25), sliders (27) being slidably connected to the inside of the slide groove (24), and a thread groove (28) being provided on the surface of the two sliders (27); the threads at the two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod (22) are in opposite directions, and the two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod (22) are rotatably connected to the bearing (26) and the rotation groove (23) respectively; The fixed mold mechanism (3) comprises a square plate (31), the square plate (31) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the slider (27), the upper surface of the square plate (31) is fixedly connected to a fixed mold (32), the upper surface of the fixed mold (32) is fixedly connected to a sleeve (33), the interior of the sleeve (33) is fixedly connected to a second motor (34), the output end of the second motor (34) is fixedly connected to a rotating rod (36), the surfaces of the square plate (31), the slider (27) and the fixed mold (32) are all provided with a through groove (35), the lower end outer surface of the rotating rod (36) is provided with an external thread (37), the lower end side wall of the slide groove (24) is provided with a limiting groove (38), the interior of the limiting groove (38) is slidably connected to a slide plate (39), and the surface of the slide plate (39) is provided with a threaded hole (310); The movable mold mechanism (4) comprises a long groove (41), the long groove (41) is provided on the upper surface of the main body (1), a slide rod (42) is slidably connected inside the long groove (41), a bottom groove (43) is provided on the lower end surface of the long groove (41), a bottom plate (44) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the slide rod (42), a movable mold (45) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the slide rod (42), and a fixed column (46) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable mold (45); The pressure mechanism (5) comprises a base (51), the base (51) being fixedly connected to the upper surface of the end of the main body (1) away from the slide groove (24), the upper surface of the base (51) being fixedly connected to a hydraulic cylinder (52), the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (52) being fixedly connected to a hydraulic rod (512), the interior of the long groove (41) being slidably connected to a vertical rod (54), the bottom end of the vertical rod (54) being fixedly connected to a limit slider (53), the upper end of the vertical rod (54) being fixedly connected to a vertical plate (55), one side of the vertical plate (55) being fixedly connected to a reinforcement block (56), and the surfaces of the vertical plate (55) and the reinforcement block (56) are both provided with Two long thread grooves (57), the interiors of the two long thread grooves (57) are both threadedly connected with load-bearing screws (58), one end of the two load-bearing screws (58) is fixedly connected to a long gear (59), one side surface of the vertical plate (55) is fixedly connected to two third motors (510), the output ends of the two third motors (510) are fixedly connected to short gears (511); the two short gears (511) are meshed with their corresponding long gears (59); one end of the two load-bearing screws (58) away from the long gear (59) is arranged in contact with the movable mold (45); one end of the hydraulic rod (512) is fixedly connected to the center of the vertical plate (55).

2. A CNC roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending and forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two thread grooves (28) are respectively threadedly connected to two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod (22).

3. A CNC roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending and forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through grooves (35) on the surfaces of the square plate (31), the sliding block (27) and the fixed mold (32) are all rotatably connected to the same rotating rod (36).

4. A CNC roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending and forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threaded hole (310) is arranged corresponding to the external thread (37).

5. A CNC roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending and forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (44) is slidably connected to the bottom groove (43).

6. A CNC roller bending device for ladder guide rail bending and forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting sliding block (53) is slidably connected to the bottom groove (43).

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