Vertical thyristor switch for controllable arrester

Abstract

This invention provides a vertical thyristor switch for controllable surge arresters, comprising an insulating jacket (4) and a vertical cylindrical switch core encapsulated within the insulating jacket. The switch core includes a thyristor valve string segment, a reactor (3), a drive unit, a voltage equalization assembly segment (2), structural components, and connectors. After the thyristor valve string segment is connected to the side drive unit, it is disposed in the space of the lower section of the structural component along with the voltage equalization assembly segment. The reactor is disposed in the upper section of the structural component. The components within the switch core are electrically connected to each other through the connectors. This invention effectively solves the problems of excessive height, non-compact structure, difficulty in expansion, high partial discharge level, and unsuitability for outdoor use of vertical thyristor switches for controllable surge arresters. It significantly enhances the flexibility and compactness of the core switch structure, improves the adaptability of the potential distribution of the outdoor surge arrester body, achieves low partial discharge, and ensures the fast and safe operation of the vertical thyristor switch for controllable surge arresters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ultra-high voltage power transmission, specifically relating to a vertical thyristor switch for a controllable surge arrester. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-high voltage (UHV) refers to voltage levels of ±800 kV and above for direct current and 1000 kV and above for alternating current. It boasts advantages such as large transmission capacity, long distance, high efficiency, and low loss, significantly enhancing the power grid's transmission capacity. In UHV transmission systems, two charged electrodes, very close together and separated by insulating material, often exist. When the electric field strength between the two electrodes reaches the breakdown strength, a current path is formed between them. When a lightning surge arrives, it first breaks down at the gap, ionizing the air in the gap and creating a short circuit. The lightning current flows into the ground through the gap, and at this time, the voltage across the gap is very low, thus protecting the line. When the electric field strength falls below the breakdown gap, the discharge gap surge arrester returns to its insulating state. It is commonly used for lightning protection of high-voltage lines. In UHV transmission systems, the saturation characteristics of the air gap operating impulse discharge voltage are more pronounced, and significantly reducing the operating overvoltage level plays a crucial role in minimizing the air gap in the line.

[0003] Currently, the main approach is to use a combination of metal oxide surge arresters and circuit breakers with added closing resistors to limit system operational overvoltages to 1.6-1.7 pu. Switching overvoltages can occur when connecting or disconnecting unloaded lines in a power system. Therefore, closing resistors are installed on circuit breakers to release energy from the grid and protect electrical equipment. The closing resistor is engaged a few milliseconds before the main contact (arc-extinguishing chamber) closes and automatically disengaged a few milliseconds after the main contact closes. The function of the closing resistor is to disengage before the main contacts close when the circuit breaker is open, and to engage before closing, short-circuiting and disengaging when the main contacts close. This prevents operational overvoltages. However, closing resistors still have significant shortcomings in terms of operational reliability and economy. Adding closing resistors to circuit breakers complicates the mechanism, greatly increasing operational risks and significantly increasing costs. Therefore, power system operators and manufacturers tend to avoid using closing resistors in circuit breakers when system conditions permit.

[0004] Another method for limiting operational overvoltage is to use metal oxide controlled surge arresters, also known as zinc oxide surge arresters. The main difference between metal oxide surge arresters and ordinary valve-type surge arresters lies in the valve material. Ordinary valve-type surge arresters use silicon carbide (carborundum) for their valves, while metal oxide surge arresters use semiconductor zinc oxide and other metal oxides (such as cobalt oxide and manganese oxide) sintered at high temperatures (above 1000℃). Zinc oxide valves, also known as varistors, have superior and more ideal nonlinear resistance characteristics than silicon carbide. Under system operating voltage, its resistance is very high, and the current passing through it is very small, with a resistive component of only about 10-15uA. This small current will not burn out the valve, so a series gap is not needed to isolate the power frequency operating voltage. When the voltage increases, its resistance becomes very small, allowing a large current to pass through, and the residual voltage is also very low, protecting the equipment. After the overvoltage disappears, it returns to its original state.

[0005] Under overvoltage conditions, a portion of the resistor elements of a zinc oxide surge arrester is short-circuited via a bypass switch to significantly reduce the residual voltage. Once the overvoltage disappears, the switch opens, and the short-circuited arrester resistor elements are put into operation, bearing the power frequency voltage and maintaining the arrester's low charge rate. Based on the type of bypass switch, surge arresters can be divided into circuit breaker-type controllable surge arresters and thyristor-type controllable surge arresters. Because circuit breaker switches have slow operating speeds and can only limit closing overvoltages, they generate sparks and are prone to burnout, requiring integration with a station control system, thus limiting their application. Thyristor-type controllable surge arresters, on the other hand, can operate independently, have no contacts, use low-voltage control of high-voltage switches, have fast switching speeds, do not require complex secondary systems, and possess the same response characteristics as surge arresters, representing the future direction.

[0006] Thyristor electronic switches fully utilize the characteristics of thyristors, such as zero-crossing voltage triggering, zero-crossing current cutoff, contactless switching, and fast response speed, enabling the voltage on a capacitor to rise rapidly from zero to the rated operating voltage. When disconnected, the current on the thyristor is cut off at zero crossover. This achieves rapid dynamic compensation functions, ensuring no inrush current when the capacitor is switched on, no overvoltage when it is switched off, and no arcing during switching. Therefore, it can effectively solve the problem of transient impacts generated during capacitor switching.

[0007] As the installation height increases, the potential distribution of the valve plate will tend to be more uniform. Adding an equalizing ring at the high-voltage end will significantly reduce the maximum potential load of the valve plate and improve its potential distribution. In thyristor-controlled surge arresters, the thyristor switch needs to be connected in parallel with the lowest section of the arrester body. These arresters are vertically installed and operate outdoors. The height of the thyristor switch affects the potential distribution of the arrester body and needs to be strictly limited, requiring a compact structure. Therefore, researching a compact vertical thyristor switch suitable for outdoor use is a crucial technical challenge that needs to be overcome in controlled surge arresters. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the problems of excessive height, limited expansion, and high partial discharge levels in existing thyristor switches, making them unsuitable for outdoor operation, this invention provides a vertical thyristor switch for controllable surge arresters. The switch includes an insulating jacket 4 and a vertical cylindrical switch core encapsulated within the insulating jacket. The switch core comprises a thyristor valve string segment, a reactor 3, a drive unit, a voltage equalization assembly segment 2, structural components, and connecting components. The thyristor valve string segment is connected to the drive unit on the side and is disposed in the lower section of the structural component along with the voltage equalization assembly segment 2. The reactor 3 is disposed in the upper section of the structural component. The components within the switch core are electrically connected via the connecting components.

[0009] Preferably, the thyristor valve string section includes: a thyristor device composed of multiple anti-parallel thyristors 5, a top pressure rod 6, a top pressure nut 7, and a top pressure end plate 10;

[0010] The thyristor device is press-fitted into multiple thyristor valve sections 1 by the top pressure tie rod 6 and the top pressure nut 7. Each thyristor valve section 1 is connected in series to form a valve string. The valve string is connected at the top and / or bottom by the top pressure end plate 10 to form an overlapping triangular structure.

[0011] Preferably, the top pressure end plate 10 includes multiple pairs of triangular structures, each of which fixes a segment.

[0012] Preferably, the reactor 3 is a cylindrical structure, a self-cooled saturated reactor, and the top and / or bottom of the reactor 3 are connected to the outside by press-fitting wires and / or external connections, and a first umbrella skirt structure 12 is arranged on its exterior.

[0013] Preferably, the first umbrella-shaped structure 12 is a cylindrical column with protruding umbrella-shaped structures on the side and the tooth tips facing outwards; the top plate and bottom plate of the reactor 3 are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the cylindrical side.

[0014] Preferably, the driving unit includes multiple driving components 9, which are pluggable fixed structures, and each layer of anti-parallel thyristors 5 shares a set of driving components 9.

[0015] Preferably, the plug-in fixing structure is a drawer-type structure.

[0016] Preferably, the equalizing component segment 2 includes an equalizing component and a damping spring 11 at the top of the equalizing component.

[0017] The equalizing assembly is connected to the thyristor devices in each single layer of the thyristor valve string section through the electrical connection structure in the connector, and the top of the equalizing assembly is connected to the top damping spring 11 of the equalizing assembly.

[0018] Preferably, the voltage equalization assembly comprises multiple stacked voltage equalization elements; all voltage equalization elements are connected in series.

[0019] The connector includes the same number of metal parts as the voltage equalizing elements, and each layer of voltage equalizing elements is connected in parallel with the thyristor device of the corresponding layer through a metal part.

[0020] Preferably, the insulating jacket 4 includes: a bottom flange 18, an intermediate insulating element 19, and a top flange 20.

[0021] Bottom flange 18 and top flange 20 are respectively located at the top and bottom of intermediate insulating member 19;

[0022] The damping spring 14 at the top of the core is connected to the inner surface of the top flange 20.

[0023] The insulating jacket 4 is an external insulation structure. Its inner diameter is set according to the size of the switch core. The interior of the insulating jacket 4 is reserved with expansion space as needed, filled with nitrogen, and the whole is sealed.

[0024] Preferably, the intermediate insulating member 19 is a cylindrical external insulating structure made of ceramic or composite material, with a second umbrella-shaped structure of varying heights distributed on its surface.

[0025] Preferably, a force equalization mechanism 8 is provided between the bottom of the valve string and the top pressure end plate 10.

[0026] Preferably, the structural components include: a core top damping spring 14, a middle connecting plate 15, a pressure-resistant support beam 16, and a lower support plate 17.

[0027] The anti-pressure support beam 16 is disposed around the thyristor valve string section and the pressure equalization component section 2, and its height is greater than the height of the thyristor valve string section and the pressure equalization component section 2.

[0028] The horizontal lower support plate 17 and the middle connecting plate 15 are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the anti-pressure support beam 16;

[0029] The bottom of the anti-pressure support beam 16 is connected to the upper surface of the horizontal lower support plate 17, and its top is connected to the lower surface of the horizontal middle layer connecting plate 15.

[0030] The reactor 3 is disposed on the upper surface of the middle connecting plate 15, and the top of the reactor 3 is connected to the insulating jacket 4 through the core top damping spring 14.

[0031] Preferably, the lower support plate 17 is a plate-shaped structure located at the bottom of the switch core, and has holes distributed on it; there is a gap between the lower support plate 17 and the insulating jacket 4;

[0032] The holes in the lower support plate 17 and the gap form a channel for electric spark and nitrogen, and the outlet of the channel faces the bottom flange 18.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] This invention provides a vertical thyristor switch for a controllable surge arrester, comprising an insulating jacket 4 and a vertical cylindrical switch core encapsulated within the insulating jacket. The switch core includes a thyristor valve string segment, a reactor 3, a drive unit, a voltage equalization assembly segment 2, structural components, and connectors. The thyristor valve string segment, after being connected to the drive unit on the side, is disposed together with the voltage equalization assembly segment 2 within the space of the lower section of the structural component. The reactor 3 is disposed on the upper section of the structural component. All components within the switch core are electrically connected via the connectors. The compact structure of this vertical thyristor switch for a controllable surge arrester makes it suitable for outdoor operation, effectively reducing the height of the thyristor switch and minimizing the impact of the switch core on the potential distribution of the surge arrester. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vertical thyristor switch for a controllable surge arrester provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the insulating jacket structure provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the thyristor valve cascade structure provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the umbrella skirt structure of the saturated reactor provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the output structure of the saturated reactor provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the explosion-proof structure of the base plate provided by the present invention.

[0041] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0042] 1-Thyristor valve section; 2-Equalizing component section; 3-Reactor; 4-Insulating jacket; 5-Thyristor; 6-Top pressure tie rod; 7-Top pressure nut; 8-Force equalizing mechanism; 9-Drive component; 10-Top pressure end plate; 11-Top damping spring of equalizing component; 12-First umbrella skirt structure; 13-Aluminum discharge line structure; 14-Top damping spring of core; 15-Middle layer connecting plate; 16-Pressure-resistant support beam; 17-Lower support plate; 18-Bottom flange; 19-Intermediate insulating component; 20-Top flange; 21-Explosion-proof channel. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Existing circuit breaker switches have slow operating speeds, can only limit closing overvoltages, and require coordination with station control systems, thus limiting their application. Thyristor-controlled surge arresters can operate independently without complex secondary systems and possess the same response characteristics as surge arresters. Furthermore, the height of the thyristor switch significantly affects the potential distribution within the surge arrester, requiring strict limitations. To address these issues, and to resolve the problems of excessive thyristor switch height, limited expansion capabilities, and high partial discharge levels, making them unsuitable for outdoor operation, this invention provides a vertical thyristor switch for controllable surge arresters. By installing the controllable surge arrester on the line side of the substation, it significantly reduces operating overvoltages, including vertical... The thyristor valve series, reactor 3, drive unit, voltage equalization assembly 2, insulating jacket 4, and structural components and connectors between each part constitute the thyristor switch core. The vertical thyristor valve series, reactor 3, drive unit, voltage equalization assembly 2, and connectors form the thyristor switch core, which is entirely encapsulated inside the insulating jacket 4. The thyristor valve series is formed by pressing together multiple layers of anti-parallel thyristor devices. The entire thyristor switch can connect multiple valve series according to voltage requirements, and the structure can be flexibly expanded. In the switch core, reactor 3 is connected in series with thyristor valve series 1 through structural components and connectors. The entire switch core is built into a closed insulating jacket, which has the characteristics of compact structure, easy expansion, low partial discharge, and suitability for outdoor operation.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] In this invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a vertical thyristor switch for a controllable surge arrester, comprising an insulating jacket 4 and a vertical cylindrical switch core encapsulated within the insulating jacket 4; the switch core includes a thyristor valve string segment, a reactor 3, a drive unit, a voltage equalization component segment 2, structural components, and connecting components; after the thyristor valve string segment is connected to the drive unit on the side, it is disposed together with the voltage equalization component segment 2 in the space of the lower section of the structural component, and the reactor 3 is disposed in the upper section of the structural component; the components within the switch core are electrically connected to each other through the connecting components.

[0046] In this invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the thyristor valve series section includes: a thyristor device composed of multiple anti-parallel thyristors 5, a top pressure rod 6, a top pressure nut 7, and a top pressure end plate 10. As the voltage of the controllable part of the surge arrester increases, the number of thyristor layers required to be connected in series will increase accordingly. The number of thyristor device layers connected in series is determined according to the voltage borne by the thyristor switch.

[0047] The thyristor device is press-fitted into multiple thyristor valve sections 1 by the top pressure tie rod 6 and the top pressure nut 7. Each thyristor valve section 1 is connected in series to form multiple valve strings. The entire thyristor switch can be formed by multiple thyristor valve sections 1 connected in series. Each thyristor valve section 1 is connected by a top pressure end plate 10 as a transition connection. Each valve string is connected at the top and / or bottom by the top pressure end plate 10 in an overlapping diagonal structure, which reduces the space requirement for the connection between the thyristor valve section 1, valve string, and valve string section. At the same time, the use of the top pressure end plate as a transition connection between each valve section effectively reduces the height of the thyristor valve section.

[0048] In this invention, the top pressure end plate 10 includes multiple pairs of triangular structures, each of which fixes a string segment. The pair of triangular structures occupy a small amount of structural space, and more string segment structures can be installed in a limited space. By using overlapping pair of triangular structures in the top pressure end plate 10, the height of the thyristor valve segment is effectively reduced, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of the core switching space and reduce the overall height of the switching core.

[0049] In this invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the reactor 3 has a cylindrical structure and is a self-cooled saturated reactor. The self-cooled saturated reactor is connected in series with the thyristor valve section 1 in the switch core through structural components and connectors. The top and / or bottom of the self-cooled saturated reactor 3 are press-fitted out and / or connected to the outside. Furthermore, this outgoing method can adopt an aluminum outgoing ...

[0050] By optimizing the cylindrical structure, the uneven electric field distribution around the reactor 3 is effectively overcome, and the height of the reactor 3 is effectively reduced while ensuring the same creepage distance. By using press-fit wiring and / or external connection at the top and / or bottom of the reactor 3, the space for bolts, welding, and other unnecessary wiring is eliminated, making the spatial structure of the reactor 3 more reasonable. In conjunction with the externally arranged umbrella skirt structure 12, the creepage distance of the reactor is increased, which can effectively reduce the height of the reactor.

[0051] In this invention, the first umbrella-shaped structure 12 is a cylindrical column with a protruding umbrella-shaped structure on the side facing outward; the top plate and bottom plate of the reactor 3 are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the cylindrical side, which further optimizes the creepage distance effect of the reactor and reduces the height of the reactor.

[0052] In this invention, the driving unit includes multiple driving components 9, which are pluggable fixed structures. Each layer of anti-parallel thyristors 5 shares a set of driving components 9. By configuring each layer to share with the anti-parallel thyristors 5, the utilization efficiency of the driving components 9 is improved and the driving performance of the driving components is enhanced.

[0053] In this invention, the plug-in fixing structure is a drawer-type structure, which facilitates inspection and maintenance while ensuring a tight connection, making it convenient and practical.

[0054] In this invention, the equalizing component segment 2 includes an equalizing component, a metal pad, and a damping spring 11 at the top of the equalizing component.

[0055] The equalizing assembly is connected to the thyristor devices in each single layer of the thyristor valve string section through the electrical connection structure in the connector. The top of the equalizing assembly is connected to the top damping spring 11 of the equalizing assembly. The equalizing assembly does not need to be in top pressure contact. However, considering the impact of vibration during operation, transportation and earthquakes, the top damping spring 11 of the equalizing assembly is added to the top of the equalizing assembly section to absorb vibration during operation or transportation.

[0056] In this invention, the voltage equalization assembly includes multiple stacked voltage equalization elements; all voltage equalization elements are connected in series; the number of elements connected in series corresponds to the number of thyristor devices connected in series.

[0057] The connector includes the same number of metal parts as the equalizing elements. The metal parts can be metal pads or other metal structures with this function. Each layer of equalizing elements is connected to the single layer of the thyristor valve string segment through a metal part (i.e., a metal pad) and the electrical connection structure of the metal pad, so as to realize the parallel connection of the thyristor devices in the corresponding layer.

[0058] In this invention, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the insulating jacket 4 includes: a bottom flange 18, an intermediate insulating component 19, and a top flange 20. The bottom flange 18 and the top flange 20 are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the intermediate insulating component 19. The core top damping spring 14 is connected to the top inner surface of the top flange 20. The core top damping spring 14 is used to absorb vibrations during transportation, installation, and outdoor earthquakes, thereby improving the shock resistance of the switch core.

[0059] In this invention, the thyristor switch has a switch core inside and an insulating jacket 4 outside. The switch core is fixed in the insulating jacket 4, which is an external insulating structure. Its inner diameter is set according to the size of the switch core and takes into account a certain installation space. The interior of the insulating jacket 4 is reserved with expansion space as needed. The insulating jacket 4 is filled with nitrogen to keep the core in a gaseous insulating environment. The insulating jacket 4 is completely sealed. The switch is transported, installed and functions as a whole, and is suitable for outdoor operation.

[0060] In this invention, the intermediate insulating component 19 is a cylindrical structure, made of ceramic or composite material. The cylindrical structure can be a ceramic sleeve or a composite insulating jacket. The intermediate insulating component 19 can be made of ceramic or composite material. The intermediate insulating component 19 has a second umbrella-shaped structure with varying heights distributed on its surface. The second umbrella-shaped structure can affect the electric field and charge distribution on the surface of the intermediate insulating component 19.

[0061] In this invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, in order to ensure that the pressure surface of the thyristor device is uniformly stressed, a force equalization mechanism is also designed inside the valve string. A force equalization mechanism 8 is also provided between the bottom of the valve string and the top pressure plate 10.

[0062] In this invention, the structural components include: a core top damping spring 14, a middle connecting plate 15, a pressure-resistant support beam 16, and a lower support plate 17.

[0063] The anti-pressure support beam 16 is disposed around the thyristor valve string section and the pressure equalization component section 2, and its height is greater than the height of the thyristor valve string section and the pressure equalization component section 2.

[0064] To reduce the pressure of the damping spring 14 at the top of the core on the pressure of the bottom thyristor valve section, the horizontal lower support plate 17 and the middle connecting plate 15 are respectively set at the top and bottom of the anti-pressure support beam 16.

[0065] The bottom of the anti-pressure support beam 16 is connected to the upper surface of the horizontal lower support plate 17, and its top is connected to the lower surface of the horizontal middle layer connecting plate 15.

[0066] The reactor 3 is disposed on the upper surface of the middle connecting plate 15. The top of the reactor 3 is connected to the insulating jacket 4 through the core top damping spring 14. The intermediate connecting plate 15 and the anti-pressure support beam 16 are designed in the switch core to form a support structure for multiple valve sections of the switch core, thereby realizing the isolation of the switch core from the vertical thyristor valve section 1 under the pressure of the top spring.

[0067] In this invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the lower support plate 17 is a plate-shaped structure located at the bottom of the switch core. It adopts an irregular structure with staggered and stacked upper and lower parts, and has holes distributed on it. There is a gap between the lower support plate 17 and the insulating jacket 4.

[0068] To meet the explosion-proof requirements of the sealed space of the porcelain bushing, sufficient explosion venting channels are provided on the lower support plate 17 of the switch core. The holes in the lower support plate 17 and the gaps form explosion venting channels for electric sparks and nitrogen, and the discharge port of the explosion venting channels faces the bottom flange 18, meeting the explosion-proof requirements inside the insulating jacket.

[0069] The technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0070] 1. This invention proposes a compact structure for a vertical thyristor switch for controllable surge arresters, suitable for outdoor operation, which can effectively reduce the height of the thyristor switch and reduce the impact on the potential distribution of the surge arrester body;

[0071] 2. This invention proposes a self-cooled saturated reactor 3 structure, which adopts a method of pressing out the wires and connecting them to the outside at the top and / or bottom, which can avoid the impact on partial discharge and / or potential distribution caused by increasing auxiliary wiring and fixing bolts; the saturated reactor is arranged with an insulating shed 12 on the outside, which can effectively reduce the height of the saturated reactor 3 while meeting the creepage distance, and effectively reduce the overall height of the thyristor switch, resulting in a compact structure;

[0072] 3. The pluggable drive assembly 9 proposed in this invention is easy to inspect and maintain;

[0073] 4. In this invention, the multi-segment thyristor valve strings are stacked in a triangular arrangement, which can effectively improve space utilization and reduce the overall height of the core.

[0074] 5. The encapsulation method of the insulating porcelain sleeve or composite insulating jacket proposed in this invention is suitable for outdoor operation, and is designed with an explosion-proof channel that adapts to the sealed space of the insulating jacket 4, thus meeting the explosion-proof requirements of the insulating jacket 4.

[0075] 6. The present invention proposes a core top damping spring 14 and an anti-pressure support beam 16 that are adapted to the overall transportation of the switch, which meet the anti-vibration requirements of the switch and ensure the uniformity of the force on the vertically press-fitted thyristor.

[0076] 7. The switch has a cylindrical structure. Through optimized design, the overall partial discharge level of the switch is less than 2pC under continuous operation.

[0077] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0078] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments. Although various aspects of embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0079] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of the claims of the present invention pending approval.

Claims

1. A vertical thyristor switch for a controllable surge arrester, characterized in that, include: Insulating jacket (4) and vertical cylindrical switch core encapsulated inside the insulating jacket; The switch core includes a thyristor valve string section, a reactor (3), a drive unit, a voltage equalization component section (2), structural components, and connecting components; After the thyristor valve string section is connected to the drive unit on the side, it is set together with the equalizing component section (2) in the space of the lower section of the structure. The upper section of the structure is equipped with a reactor (3). The components in the switch core are electrically connected to each other through the connector. The thyristor valve string segment includes: a thyristor device composed of multiple anti-parallel thyristors (5), a top pressure rod (6), a top pressure nut (7), and a top pressure end plate (10); the thyristor device is pressed into multiple thyristor valve segments (1) by the top pressure rod (6) and the top pressure nut (7), and each thyristor valve segment (1) is connected in series to form a valve string, and the valve string is connected at the top and / or bottom by the top pressure end plate (10) to form an overlapping triangular structure; The reactor (3) is a cylindrical structure and adopts a self-cooled saturated reactor. The top and / or bottom of the reactor (3) are connected to the outside by press-fitting and / or external connection. The first umbrella skirt structure (12) is arranged on its exterior. The structural components include: a core top damping spring (14), a middle connecting plate (15), a pressure-resistant support beam (16), and a lower support plate (17). The anti-pressure support beam (16) is arranged around the thyristor valve string section and the pressure equalization component section (2), and its height is greater than the height of the thyristor valve string section and the pressure equalization component section (2). The horizontal lower support plate (17) and the middle connecting plate (15) are respectively set at the top and bottom of the anti-pressure support beam (16); The bottom of the anti-pressure support beam (16) is connected to the upper surface of the horizontal lower support plate (17), and its top is connected to the lower surface of the horizontal middle layer connecting plate (15). The reactor (3) is disposed on the upper surface of the middle connecting plate (15), and the top of the reactor (3) is connected to the insulating jacket (4) through the core top damping spring (14).

2. The vertical thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top pressure end plate (10) includes multiple pairs of triangular structures, each of which is fixed with a string segment.

3. The vertical thyristor switch of claim 1, wherein The first umbrella skirt structure (12) is a cylindrical column with an umbrella skirt structure on the side, and the umbrella skirt faces outward; the top plate and bottom plate of the reactor (3) are respectively located at the top and bottom of the cylindrical side.

4. The line thyristor switch of claim 1, wherein The driving unit includes multiple driving components (9), which are pluggable fixed structures. Each layer of anti-parallel thyristors (5) shares a set of driving components (9).

5. A vertical thyristor switch according to claim 4, characterized in that The plug-in fixing structure is a drawer-type structure.

6. A vertical thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that The equalizing component segment (2) includes an equalizing component and a damping spring (11) at the top of the equalizing component. The equalizing assembly is connected to the thyristor devices in each single layer of the thyristor valve string section through the electrical connection structure in the connector, and the top of the equalizing assembly is connected to the top damping spring (11).

7. A vertical thyristor switch according to claim 6, characterized in that The voltage equalization assembly includes multiple stacked voltage equalization elements; all voltage equalization elements are connected in series. The connector includes the same number of metal parts as the voltage equalizing elements, and each layer of voltage equalizing elements is connected in parallel with the thyristor device of the corresponding layer through a metal part.

8. The vertical thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating jacket (4) includes: a bottom flange (18), an intermediate insulating element (19), and a top flange (20). The bottom flange (18) and the top flange (20) are respectively located at the top and bottom of the intermediate insulating part (19); The core top damping spring (14) is connected to the top inner surface of the top flange (20); The insulating jacket (4) is an external insulating structure. Its inner diameter is set according to the size of the switch core. The interior of the insulating jacket (4) is reserved for expansion space as needed, filled with nitrogen gas, and the whole is sealed.

9. A vertical thyristor switch according to claim 8, characterized in that The intermediate insulating component (19) is a cylindrical structure made of ceramic or composite material, with a second umbrella-shaped structure of varying heights distributed on its surface.

10. The vertical thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, A force equalization mechanism (8) is also provided between the bottom of the valve string and the top pressure end plate (10).

11. A vertical thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower support plate (17) is a plate-shaped structure located at the bottom of the switch core, and has holes distributed on it; there is a gap between the lower support plate (17) and the insulating jacket (4); The holes in the lower support plate (17) and the gap form a channel for electric spark and nitrogen, and the outlet of the channel faces the bottom flange (18).

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