A connection method and system applicable to the power generation and consumption balance in two-tier markets.

Abstract

This invention provides a method and system for balancing power generation and consumption in a two-tier market, comprising: determining a predicted net imbalance in the lower-tier market based on the long-term power generation and consumption of each trading entity within the lower-tier market operator; conducting centralized trading and clearing in both the upper-tier and lower-tier markets based on the predicted values ​​to form corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts; decomposing the medium- and long-term trading contracts to obtain executable power generation and consumption amounts in the short-term timescale; and participating in centralized trading in the upper-tier market based on the executable power generation and consumption amounts in the short-term timescale to form short-term trading contracts for balancing power generation and consumption in the upper and lower-tier markets. This invention achieves a balance between power generation and consumption demand in a decentralized market by connecting the upper and lower-tier markets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power balancing technology, specifically relating to a connection method and system suitable for power generation and consumption balancing in two-tier markets. Background Technology

[0002] Regarding the connection between the two-tier electricity market and the transmission network, existing research and practical experience both domestically and internationally primarily focus on the connection between the two-tier electricity market and the transmission network. For example, research on the two-tier market in Europe mainly focuses on the coupling model between the electricity markets of individual European countries and the European Unified Electricity Market; research on the two-tier market in the United States mainly refers to the energy trading market or energy balancing market (EIM) between various ISO / RTO (Independent System Operator / Regional Transmission Operator) organizations; and the two-tier market in China mainly refers to the inter-provincial market and the intra-provincial market. For instance, the book "Analysis Report on Domestic and International Electricity Market Reform (2015-2020)" published by Ma Li, Fan Menghua, et al. from 2015 to 2020 summarizes and analyzes the electricity market models and reform processes in the United States, Europe, and China. Therefore, existing research on the two-tier market still focuses on the electricity market at the transmission network level, without addressing the decentralized market on the low-voltage distribution side.

[0003] In the area of ​​decentralized electricity markets and distributed generation (DG) transactions, existing literature focuses primarily on the decentralized market trading mechanisms and strategies themselves, including the analysis of DG characteristics in decentralized markets, research on decentralized market trading mechanisms and competitive strategies of market participants, such as the paper "Discussion on Decentralized Electricity Market for Distributed Generation Transactions" by Xiao Qian, Chen Zheng, et al., published in the journal *Automation of Electric Power Systems* in January 2020. However, these studies do not address how decentralized markets, primarily low-voltage distribution networks or microgrids, can be integrated with the transmission grid electricity market. In reality, generation and consumption demand in decentralized markets are rarely perfectly matched, and decentralized markets still need to purchase or sell electricity from the transmission grid market. The lack of a mechanism for integrating these two markets makes it difficult to solve the problem of unbalanced generation and consumption demand in decentralized markets. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention proposes a connection method suitable for power generation and consumption balance in two-tier markets, comprising:

[0005] Based on the power generation and consumption of each trading entity in the lower-level market over a long-term timescale, the predicted value of the net imbalance power in the lower-level market is determined.

[0006] Based on the predicted values, transactions are concentrated and cleared in the upper and lower markets respectively to form corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts;

[0007] The medium- and long-term transaction contracts are decomposed to obtain executable power generation and consumption volumes in the short time scale;

[0008] Based on executable power generation and consumption on a short timescale, short-term trading contracts are formed to balance power generation and consumption in the upper and lower markets by participating in centralized trading on a short timescale.

[0009] Preferably, the step of centrally clearing transactions in the upper and lower markets based on the predicted values ​​to form corresponding medium- to long-term trading contracts includes:

[0010] After the net electricity volume is declared as the upper-level market and participates in centralized trading to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper-level market, centralized trading is carried out in the lower-level market based on the medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper-level market to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the lower-level market.

[0011] Alternatively, the predicted value may be used as a declaration in the lower-level market and centralized trading may be carried out to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market. Based on the medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market, centralized trading may be carried out in the upper-level market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the upper-level market.

[0012] Preferably, the step of using the predicted value as a declaration in the upper-level market and participating in centralized trading to form a medium- to long-term trading contract in the upper-level market, and then conducting centralized trading in the lower-level market based on the upper-level market trading contract to form a medium- to long-term trading contract in the lower-level market, includes:

[0013] The predicted value will be used as a report to the higher-level market.

[0014] By participating in centralized trading in the higher-level market, medium- and long-term trading contracts in the higher-level market are formed;

[0015] The results of medium- and long-term transaction clearing in the upper-level market are used as the boundary conditions for clearing in the lower-level market;

[0016] Based on the aforementioned boundary conditions, centralized trading is conducted in the lower-level market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market.

[0017] Preferably, the step of using the predicted value as a declaration in the lower-level market and conducting centralized trading to form a medium- to long-term trading contract in the lower-level market, and then participating in centralized trading in the upper-level market based on the medium- to long-term trading contract in the lower-level market to form a medium- to long-term trading contract in the upper-level market, includes:

[0018] The predicted value shall be reported in the lower-level market;

[0019] Centralized trading is conducted in lower-level markets to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in those markets.

[0020] The difference between the clearing results of long-term transactions in the lower-level market is used as the declaration in the higher-level market;

[0021] Based on the declarations from the higher-level market, medium- and long-term trading contracts are formed in the higher-level market through centralized trading.

[0022] Preferably, the step of decomposing the medium- and long-term transaction contracts to obtain executable power generation and consumption on a short-term time scale includes:

[0023] By decomposing the medium- and long-term trading contracts in the upper-level market, we can obtain the decomposed values ​​of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market in the short time scale.

[0024] By decomposing the medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market, we can obtain the decomposed values ​​of electricity consumption of electricity-consuming entities and / or power generation of power-generating entities in the lower-level market at the time scale.

[0025] The executable power generation and consumption volume under the short time scale is the decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower market from the upper market, the electricity consumption of the power user, and / or the power generation of the power generator.

[0026] Preferably, the participation of executable power generation and consumption on a short-term timescale in centralized trading on a higher-level market to form short-term trading contracts includes:

[0027] The first deviation is the difference between the decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market at a short time scale and the decomposed value of the electricity consumption of the electricity user and / or the electricity generation of the power generation entity.

[0028] The difference between the predicted values ​​of electricity consumption and / or power generation of the electricity-consuming entity and the decomposed values ​​of electricity consumption and / or power generation of the electricity-generating entity at a short time scale is used as the second bias.

[0029] The first and second deviations are used as declarations in the upper-level market to participate in centralized transactions on a short time scale in the upper-level market, forming short-term transaction contracts that balance the power generation and consumption of the upper-level and lower-level markets.

[0030] Preferably, the formula for calculating the first deviation is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, Q represents the first deviation in time period t. tThis represents the decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the higher-level market at a short time scale of time period t. This represents the decomposed value of the power generation of power generation entity i during time period t; This represents the decomposed value of the electricity consumption of electricity user j during time period t.

[0033] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a connection system suitable for the power generation and consumption balance in a two-tier market, including: a net power module, a medium- and long-term trading module, a contract decomposition module, and a short-term trading module;

[0034] The net power module is used to determine the predicted value of the net imbalance power in the lower market based on the power generation and power consumption of each trading entity in the lower market operating entity over a long-term timescale.

[0035] The medium- and long-term trading module is used to conduct centralized trading and clearing in the upper and lower markets based on the predicted value, respectively, to form corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts.

[0036] The contract decomposition module is used to decompose the medium- and long-term transaction contracts to obtain executable power generation and consumption in a short time scale.

[0037] The short-term trading module is used to participate in centralized trading in the upper-level market based on executable power generation and consumption on a short time scale, forming a short-term trading contract that balances power generation and consumption in the upper and lower-level markets.

[0038] Preferably, the medium- and long-term trading module includes: a first mode unit and a second mode unit;

[0039] The first mode unit is used to submit the predicted value as a declaration in the upper-level market and participate in centralized trading to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper-level market, and then conduct centralized trading in the lower-level market based on the medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper-level market to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the lower-level market.

[0040] The second mode unit is used to take the predicted value as the declaration of the lower market and carry out centralized trading to form the medium and long term trading contract of the lower market, and then participate in centralized trading in the upper market based on the medium and long term trading contract of the lower market to form the medium and long term trading contract of the upper market.

[0041] Preferably, the contract decomposition module includes: an upper-level market decomposition unit, a lower-level market decomposition unit, and an executable power generation and consumption unit;

[0042] The upper-level market decomposition unit is used to decompose the medium- and long-term transaction contracts of the upper-level market to obtain the decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market in a short time scale.

[0043] The lower-level market decomposition unit is used to decompose the medium- and long-term transaction contracts in the lower-level market to obtain the decomposed values ​​of the electricity consumption of the electricity-consuming entities and / or the power generation of the power-generating entities in the lower-level market on a time scale.

[0044] The executable power generation and consumption unit is used to decompose the power purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market and the power consumption of the power-consuming entity and / or the power generation of the power-generating entity into executable power generation and consumption values ​​in the short time scale.

[0045] Compared with the closest existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] This invention provides a method and system for balancing power generation and consumption in a two-tier market, comprising: determining a predicted net imbalance in the lower-tier market based on the long-term power generation and consumption of each trading entity within the lower-tier market operator; conducting centralized trading and clearing in both the upper-tier and lower-tier markets based on the predicted values ​​to form corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts; decomposing the medium- and long-term trading contracts to obtain executable power generation and consumption amounts in the short-term timescale; and participating in centralized trading in the upper-tier market based on the executable power generation and consumption amounts in the short-term timescale to form short-term trading contracts balancing power generation and consumption in both the upper-tier and lower-tier markets. This invention achieves a balance between power generation and consumption demand in a decentralized market by connecting the upper and lower-tier markets. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a connection method for power generation and consumption balance in a two-tier market provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the overall process for connecting centralized transactions between upper and lower level markets.

[0049] Figure 3 This invention relates to a schematic diagram of the decomposition of the transaction volume curves of some dispersed entities.

[0050] Figure 4 This invention relates to a schematic diagram comparing the curve decomposition of market participants and transaction organizations.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the two-tier market linkage model A under the medium-to-long-term scale provided by the present invention.

[0052] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the process of the two-tier market linkage model B under the medium-to-long-term scale provided by the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the basic structure of a connection system for power generation and consumption balance in a two-tier market, provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 This invention provides a detailed structural diagram of a connection system suitable for power generation and consumption balance in a two-tier market. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] In decentralized markets, whether in the medium to long term or the short term, self-balancing of power generation and consumption is impossible. Electricity needs to be bought and sold from the large power grid market to meet the generation and consumption demands of decentralized markets. This invention provides a market-based method to address this demand by connecting centralized trading in the upper and lower levels of the market. In this invention, the upper-level market is the centralized trading market within the large power grid market, which can also be simply referred to as the large power grid market; the lower-level market is the centralized trading market within the decentralized market, which can also be simply referred to as the decentralized market.

[0057] Example 1:

[0058] A schematic diagram of a connection method for power generation and consumption balance in a two-tier market provided by this invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0059] Step 1: Based on the power generation and consumption of each trading entity in the lower-level market operating entities over a long-term timescale, determine the predicted value of the net imbalance power in the lower-level market;

[0060] Step 2: Based on the predicted values, conduct centralized trading and clearing in the upper and lower markets respectively to form corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts;

[0061] Step 3: Decompose the medium- and long-term trading contracts to obtain the executable power generation and consumption in the short time scale;

[0062] Step 4: Based on the executable power generation and consumption on a short time scale, participate in centralized trading on a short time scale in the upper-level market to form short-term trading contracts that balance power generation and consumption in the upper-level and lower-level markets.

[0063] In this embodiment, the connection method applicable to the power generation and consumption balance of two-tier markets is simply referred to as the upper and lower tier market connection method. Figure 2 As shown, it can be summarized into two steps:

[0064] Step 1: In the medium to long term, the upper-level market and the lower-level market conduct centralized transactions concurrently and form their own transaction contracts. The lower-level market operator will use the difference between the power generation and consumption in the lower-level market as the demand for electricity. Step 1 includes the aforementioned Step 1 and Step 2.

[0065] In step one, on a medium- to long-term scale, there are two optional modes for connecting centralized transactions between the upper and lower market levels:

[0066] Mode A: Lower-level market operators first estimate the net electricity demand (shortage or surplus) based on the electricity generation and consumption of dispersed entities within their market scope. This estimate is then used as the bidding quantity in the higher-level market's centralized trading. If there is a shortfall (predicted generation < predicted consumption), the shortfall is used as the demand for electricity in the higher-level market for bidding and clearing. If there is a surplus (predicted generation > predicted consumption), the surplus is used as the demand for electricity in the higher-level market for selling. After clearing in the higher-level market, the transaction results are used by the lower-level market operators as boundary conditions for centralized trading in the lower-level market, and they then conduct clearing for centralized trading in the lower-level market. (See appendix) Figure 5 .

[0067] Mode B: Lower-level market operators first estimate the electricity shortage or surplus based on the electricity generation and consumption of decentralized entities within their market scope. This estimate is then used as the bidding quantity in the lower-level market's centralized trading. If there is a shortage (predicted generation < predicted consumption in the decentralized market), the shortage is used as the demand for electricity in the lower-level market for bidding and clearing. If there is a surplus (predicted generation > predicted consumption in the decentralized market), the surplus is used as the demand for electricity sales in the lower-level market for bidding and clearing. The transaction results obtained after clearing in the lower-level market are used as the bidding for centralized trading in the upper-level market, and clearing is then carried out in the upper-level market's centralized trading. (See appendix) Figure 6 .

[0068] The difference between Mode A and Mode B: In Mode A, lower-level market operators use their predicted net electricity demand for generation and consumption as the basis for their declarations to the higher-level market. After receiving the actual transaction results, these results are used as the clearing boundary for the lower-level market. Therefore, the higher-level market conducts centralized trading before the lower-level market. In Mode B, lower-level market operators use their predicted net electricity demand for generation and consumption as the basis for their declarations to the lower-level market. After receiving the actual transaction results, these results are used as the declarations to the higher-level market. Therefore, the lower-level market conducts centralized trading before the higher-level market. In Step One, lower-level market operators balance the medium- and long-term electricity imbalance in the lower-level market by participating in the medium- and long-term transactions of the higher-level market.

[0069] Step Two: Lower-level market operators and decentralized market participants decompose their respective trading contracts into executable power generation and consumption volumes for short-term time scales. For these short-term time scales, lower-level market operators submit their short-term power generation and consumption demands as declared volumes and participate in centralized trading within the higher-level market to balance the power generation and consumption imbalances in the lower-level market. Step Two includes steps 3 and 4 mentioned above.

[0070] The specific methods for linking centralized trading in the two-tier markets on a short timescale are as follows:

[0071] After the centralized transactions at the medium and long term in both the upper and lower market levels are cleared, the amount of electricity purchased or sold by the lower market from the upper market is denoted as Q. The clearing result of the centralized transactions in the decentralized market is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] In equation (1), G and L represent the sets of transaction contracts formed in the centralized market by all power generation entities and all power consumption entities in the lower-level market, respectively; where g i Contracts concluded for the i-th power generation entity, l i The contract is for the i-th electricity user, with m and n being the number of power generators and users, respectively.

[0074] Medium- and long-term trading contracts need to be broken down into shorter time scales. This includes the electricity volume Q purchased / sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market, and the trading contracts g of each participant in the lower-level market. i and l i All of them need to be decomposed:

[0075]

[0076] In equation (2), C_Q, C_G, C_L, and C_g i C_l j Let Q represent the curve decomposition of Q, the set of transaction contracts of lower-level market power generation entities, the set of transaction contracts of lower-level market power consumption entities (i.e., electricity users), the transaction contract decomposition of the i-th power generation entity, and the transaction contract decomposition of the j-th power consumption entity, respectively.

[0077] Taking the decomposition of monthly medium- and long-term trading contracts down to the day as an example, the curve decomposition of the trading contract can be expressed in the following form:

[0078]

[0079] In equation (3), Q t g t l t These refer to the monthly electricity values ​​on day t after curve decomposition of the electricity traded between the lower and upper markets (Q), the electricity traded by a power generation entity in the lower market (g), and the electricity traded by a power user in the lower market (l).

[0080] For any day t within the month, the various types of transactions and their curve decompositions have the following relationship:

[0081]

[0082] In equation (3), Q represents the first deviation in time period t. t This represents the decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the higher-level market at a short time scale of time period t. This represents the amount of electricity traded by power generation entity i during time period t; This represents the electricity transaction volume of electricity user (i.e., electricity consumer j) during time period t; the meaning of formula (4) is that the decomposition value of the transaction results formed by the lower-level market in the centralized transaction of the upper-level market on day t, and the total electricity volume value decomposed to day t by the transaction results of each subject formed by the monthly centralized transaction of the lower-level market, the difference between the two is expressed as:

[0083] Besides the discrepancy in the breakdown of transaction volume values ​​formed in the centralized transactions of the two-tier markets In addition, there are discrepancies between the short-term forecasts of daily electricity demand by each decentralized entity and the decomposed monthly transaction results of that entity, expressed as follows:

[0084] Decentralized market organizations need to conduct centralized trading (spot market) in the upper-level grid market on a shorter time scale (e.g., daily) to meet the daily difference between actual power generation and consumption demand in the decentralized market, i.e.:

[0085]

[0086] In equation (5), This refers to the transaction volume that the lower-level market operator needs to achieve from the centralized trading in the upper-level market (spot market) on day t of the month.

[0087] In the decentralized market, the actual daily electricity consumption may deviate from the short-term daily electricity demand forecasts of each decentralized entity. The deviation is settled according to certain rules and is not within the scope of this application.

[0088] Accordingly, the lower-level market operators will calculate the daily deviation between the actual electricity generation and consumption demand of the lower-level market. (Right now As the declared volume for spot trading in the upper-level market, it is centrally traded in the upper-level market, forming a short-term trading contract to balance the power generation and consumption of the upper-level and lower-level markets, thereby forming an indirect connection between the two markets and balancing the power generation and consumption imbalance in the lower-level market on a short time scale.

[0089] Example 2:

[0090] The following is a specific calculation example of a connection method applicable to the power generation and consumption balance of two-tier markets.

[0091] 1. Parameter settings

[0092] Suppose a low-voltage power distribution area has five decentralized market participants forming a decentralized market, with a decentralized market operator responsible for organizing transactions and connecting with the higher-level market. The five decentralized participants include power users, distributed power sources, and energy storage.

[0093] The decentralized market operator, through communication with various market participants, predicted the total monthly electricity demand as +100MWh (assuming electricity consumption is positive and power generation is negative). Among them, the predicted monthly electricity demand for participant 1 is -30MWh, participant 2 = -40MWh, participant 3 = 120MWh, participant 4 = 25MWh, and participant 5 = 25MWh.

[0094] Market operators (in this example, using Mode A) organize participation in long-term centralized transactions in both upper and lower level markets.

[0095] 2. Results of the connection between centralized trading in the two-tier markets

[0096] ① Results of monthly centralized trading in the upper-level market: Distributed market operators bid for +100MWh of electricity in the monthly centralized trading of the upper-level market. The final clearing result is the purchased electricity volume +100MWh (Note: Market operators can guarantee the predicted electricity demand by submitting low-price power generation or high-price power purchase agreements; if the actual purchased electricity volume ≠ the predicted +100MWh, it will not affect the subsequent explanation based on a +100MWh transaction volume). In other words, for the upper-level market, this distributed market is equivalent to a large user who has signed a 100MWh monthly power purchase contract; for the lower-level market, by purchasing electricity from the upper-level market, the upper-level market is equivalent to a power generation entity that will provide 100MWh of electricity within the month.

[0097] ② Monthly centralized trading results in the lower-level market: The decentralized market operator will use the 100MWh electricity transaction result formed in the upper-level market as the boundary condition for the monthly centralized trading in the lower-level market (decentralized market) (i.e., as a constraint condition in the optimized clearing model, or as a low-price bid to participate in the market), organize the monthly centralized trading in the decentralized market and form the transaction results of each party: Subject 1 = -30MWh, Subject 2 = -40MWh, Subject 3 = 120MWh, Subject 4 = 25MWh, Subject 5 = 25MWh (Note: The transaction results of each decentralized subject are consistent with the forecast here. In actual cases, they may be inconsistent, but this will not affect the subsequent explanation of this example).

[0098] ③ Decomposition of Transaction Result Curves for Lower-Level Market Entities: Each decentralized entity determines its execution curve based on its monthly centralized transaction results in the lower-level market. The specific daily electricity execution plans for each entity are shown in Table 1. Taking entities 3 and 4 as examples, their decentralized market monthly transaction contract curve decomposition is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, subject 3 is a decentralized power user (such as an industrial park, a general residential load aggregator, etc.), which only has electricity demand, so the daily decomposition value of its transaction result curve is >0; subject 4 is a power user aggregator with distributed generation facilities, which has both electricity demand and generation capacity, so the daily decomposition value of its transaction result curve has both >0 and <0 parts.

[0099] Table 1. Monthly curve decomposition of various players in the decentralized market (unit: MWh)

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] ④ Decomposition of Transaction Result Curves in Higher-Level Markets: Based on ①, lower-level market trading operators can generate monthly decomposition curves using historical experience in electricity generation and consumption within their regions, based on the results obtained from the higher-level centralized market. For example... Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the monthly transaction volume curve of the upper market decomposed by the lower market trading operation institution (shown by the dashed line) is compared with the sum of the transaction volume decomposed curves of each decentralized entity in the lower market (shown by the solid line).

[0103] ⑤ Decomposition relationship of transaction result curves in two-tier centralized markets: such as Figure 4 As shown, there is a discrepancy between the two curves. For example, on day 23, the solid line represents a decomposition value of 7 MWh, while the dashed line represents a decomposition value of 1 MWh. Therefore, the difference in their curve decomposition is 6 MWh, which is equivalent to:

[0104]

[0105] t=23

[0106] According to the above formula, the daily electricity volume that decentralized market organizations need to transact with the higher-level centralized market is not only... It also includes the deviation between the actual forecast / execution value and its decomposed value for each decentralized entity on a daily basis. like The overall deviation on day 23 is:

[0107]

[0108] t=23

[0109] That is, on the 23rd day, decentralized market organizations need to trade 4MWh of electricity through the day-ahead market in the day-ahead transactions of the upper-level power grid to meet the actual needs of the region.

[0110] Example 3:

[0111] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a connection system suitable for power generation and consumption balance in two-tier markets.

[0112] The basic structure of the system is as follows Figure 7 As shown, it includes: net electricity module, medium- and long-term trading module, contract decomposition module and short-term trading module;

[0113] The net electricity module is used to determine the predicted value of the net imbalance electricity in the lower market based on the power generation and consumption of each trading entity in the lower market operating entity over a long time scale.

[0114] The medium- and long-term trading module is used to conduct centralized trading and clearing in the upper and lower markets based on the predicted values, forming corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts.

[0115] The contract decomposition module is used to decompose medium- and long-term trading contracts to obtain executable power generation and consumption in a short time scale;

[0116] The short-term trading module is used to participate in centralized trading in the upper-level market based on executable power generation and consumption on a short time scale, forming short-term trading contracts that balance power generation and consumption in the upper and lower-level markets.

[0117] Detailed structure of the connection system suitable for power generation and consumption balance in two-tier markets is as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0118] The medium- and long-term trading module includes: a first mode unit and a second mode unit;

[0119] The first mode unit is used to submit the predicted value as a declaration to the upper-level market and participate in centralized trading to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper-level market. Based on the medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper-level market, it conducts centralized trading in the lower-level market to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the lower-level market.

[0120] The second mode unit is used to submit the predicted value as a declaration for the lower-level market and carry out centralized trading to form medium- and long-term trading contracts for the lower-level market. Based on the medium- and long-term trading contracts for the lower-level market, it participates in centralized trading in the upper-level market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts for the upper-level market.

[0121] The first mode unit includes: a first declaration subunit, a first superior transaction subunit, a boundary condition subunit, and a first subordinate transaction subunit;

[0122] The first reporting sub-unit is used to report the forecast value to the higher-level market.

[0123] The first higher-level trading sub-unit is used to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the higher-level market by participating in centralized trading in the higher-level market.

[0124] The boundary condition sub-unit is used to serve as the boundary condition for the clearing of the lower market based on the medium- to long-term transaction clearing results of the upper market.

[0125] The first lower-level trading sub-unit is used to conduct centralized trading in the lower-level market based on boundary conditions to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market.

[0126] The second mode unit includes: a second reporting subunit, a second lower-level transaction subunit, a difference calculation subunit, and a second higher-level transaction subunit;

[0127] The second reporting subunit is used to report the forecast value in the lower-level market;

[0128] The second-level trading sub-unit is used to conduct centralized trading in the lower-level market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market;

[0129] The difference calculation subunit is used to calculate the difference in the long-term transaction clearing results of the lower-level market as the declaration of the upper-level market.

[0130] The second higher-level trading sub-unit is used to participate in centralized trading in the higher-level market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts based on the declarations submitted by the higher-level market.

[0131] The contract decomposition module includes: an upper-level market decomposition unit, a lower-level market decomposition unit, and an executable power generation and consumption unit;

[0132] The upper-level market decomposition unit is used to decompose the medium- and long-term trading contracts of the upper-level market to obtain the decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market in the short time scale.

[0133] The lower-level market decomposition unit is used to decompose the medium- and long-term transaction contracts in the lower-level market to obtain the decomposed values ​​of electricity consumption of electricity-consuming entities and / or power generation of power-generating entities in the lower-level market on a time scale.

[0134] An executable power generation and consumption unit is used to decompose the power purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market and the power consumption of the power-consuming entity and / or the power generation of the power-generating entity into executable power generation and consumption values ​​in a short time scale.

[0135] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0136] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0137] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0138] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0139] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and not to limit its protection scope. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that after reading this application, they can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation of the application, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the protection scope of the claims pending approval.

Claims

1. A connection method for power generation and consumption balance applicable to two-tier markets, characterized in that, include: Based on the power generation and consumption of each trading entity in the lower-level market over a long-term timescale, the predicted value of the net imbalance power in the lower-level market is determined. Based on the predicted values, transactions are concentrated and cleared in the upper and lower markets respectively to form corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts; The medium- and long-term transaction contracts are decomposed to obtain executable power generation and consumption volumes in the short time scale; Based on executable power generation and consumption on a short time scale, participate in centralized trading on a short time scale in the upper-level market to form short-term trading contracts that balance power generation and consumption in the upper-level and lower-level markets. The step of decomposing the medium- and long-term trading contracts to obtain executable power generation and consumption on a short-term time scale includes: By decomposing the medium- and long-term trading contracts in the upper-level market, we can obtain the decomposed values ​​of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market in the short time scale. By decomposing the medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market, we can obtain the decomposed values ​​of electricity consumption by electricity-consuming entities and electricity generation by power-generating entities in the lower-level market on a short time scale. The executable power generation and consumption volume under the short time scale is the decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower market from the upper market, the electricity consumption of the electricity consumer, and the power generation of the power generator. The participation of executable power generation and consumption on a short-term timescale in centralized trading on a higher-level market to form short-term trading contracts includes: The decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market under the short time scale is calculated, and the difference between it and the decomposed value of the electricity consumption of the electricity user and the electricity generation of the power generation user is taken as the first deviation. The difference between the predicted values ​​of electricity consumption and power generation of the electricity-consuming entity and the decomposed values ​​of electricity consumption and power generation of the electricity-generating entity under the short time scale is used as the second bias. The first and second deviations are used as the reporting volume in the upper-level market to participate in centralized transactions on a short time scale in the upper-level market, forming short-term trading contracts that balance the power generation and consumption of the upper-level and lower-level markets.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of centrally trading and clearing transactions in the upper and lower markets based on the predicted values ​​to form corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts includes: After the predicted value is used as the declaration volume in the upper-level market and participates in centralized trading to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper-level market, centralized trading is carried out in the lower-level market based on the medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper-level market to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the lower-level market. Alternatively, the predicted value can be used as the application volume in the lower-level market and centralized trading can be carried out to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market. Based on the medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market, centralized trading can be carried out in the upper-level market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the upper-level market.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of using the predicted value as the order volume in the upper-level market and participating in centralized trading to form a medium- to long-term trading contract in the upper-level market, and then conducting centralized trading in the lower-level market based on the upper-level market trading contract to form a medium- to long-term trading contract in the lower-level market, includes: The predicted value will be used as the reported volume in the higher-level market. By participating in centralized trading in the higher-level market, medium- and long-term trading contracts in the higher-level market are formed; The results of medium- and long-term transaction clearing in the upper-level market are used as the boundary conditions for clearing in the lower-level market; Based on the aforementioned boundary conditions, centralized trading is conducted in the lower-level market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market.

4. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The process of using the predicted value as the order volume in the lower-level market and conducting centralized trading to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market, and then participating in centralized trading in the upper-level market based on the medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower-level market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the upper-level market, includes: The predicted value shall be reported in the lower-level market; Centralized trading is conducted in lower-level markets to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in those markets. The difference between the clearing results of long-term transactions in the lower-level market is used as the declared volume in the higher-level market; Based on the volume of applications submitted in the higher-level market, medium- and long-term trading contracts are formed in the higher-level market through centralized trading.

5. A connection system suitable for power generation and consumption balance in a two-tier market, characterized in that, include: Net electricity module, medium- and long-term trading module, contract decomposition module, and short-term trading module; The net power module is used to determine the predicted value of the net imbalance power in the lower market based on the power generation and power consumption of each trading entity in the lower market operating entity over a long-term timescale. The medium- and long-term trading module is used to conduct centralized trading and clearing in the upper and lower markets based on the predicted value, respectively, to form corresponding medium- and long-term trading contracts. The contract decomposition module is used to decompose the medium- and long-term transaction contracts to obtain executable power generation and consumption in a short time scale. The short-term trading module is used to participate in centralized trading in the upper-level market based on executable power generation and consumption on a short time scale, forming a short-term trading contract that balances power generation and consumption in the upper-level and lower-level markets. The contract decomposition module includes: an upper-level market decomposition unit, a lower-level market decomposition unit, and an executable power generation and consumption unit; The upper-level market decomposition unit is used to decompose the medium- and long-term transaction contracts of the upper-level market to obtain the decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market in a short time scale. The lower-level market decomposition unit is used to decompose the medium- and long-term transaction contracts in the lower-level market to obtain the decomposed values ​​of electricity consumption of the electricity-consuming entities and power generation of the power-generating entities in the lower-level market on a short time scale. The executable power generation and consumption unit is used to take the power purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market in a short time scale, as well as the power consumption of the power-consuming entity and the power generation of the power-generating entity, as the executable power generation and consumption unit in a short time scale. The participation of executable power generation and consumption on a short-term timescale in centralized trading on a higher-level market to form short-term trading contracts includes: The decomposed value of the electricity purchased or sold by the lower-level market from the upper-level market under the short time scale is calculated, and the difference between it and the decomposed value of the electricity consumption of the electricity user and the electricity generation of the power generation user is taken as the first deviation. The difference between the predicted values ​​of electricity consumption and power generation of the electricity-consuming entity and the decomposed values ​​of electricity consumption and power generation of the electricity-generating entity under the short time scale is used as the second bias. The first and second deviations are used as the reporting volume in the upper-level market to participate in centralized transactions on a short time scale in the upper-level market, forming short-term trading contracts that balance the power generation and consumption of the upper-level and lower-level markets.

6. The system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The medium- and long-term trading module includes: a first mode unit and a second mode unit; The first mode unit is used to take the predicted value as the declaration volume of the upper market and participate in centralized trading to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper market, and then carry out centralized trading in the lower market based on the medium- and long-term trading contract in the upper market to form a medium- and long-term trading contract in the lower market. The second mode unit is used to take the predicted value as the application volume of the lower market and carry out centralized trading to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower market, and then participate in centralized trading in the upper market based on the medium- and long-term trading contracts in the lower market to form medium- and long-term trading contracts in the upper market.

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