Light emitting device, method for manufacturing light emitting device, and apparatus including light emitting device

Abstract

The present application relates to a light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m emission units between the first electrode and the second electrode; and m-1 charge generation units between adjacent emission units of the emission units, wherein m is a natural number of 2 or greater than 2. The emission units each include an emission layer. At least one of the charge generation units includes an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer; and the n-type charge generation layer includes a first material and a second material. The first material includes an organic electron transport compound; and the second material includes at least one selected from alkali metals, alkali metal alloys, alkaline earth metals, alkaline earth metal alloys, lanthanide metals, and lanthanide metal alloys. The light-emitting device can have improved hole and electron balance, reduced driving voltage, and excellent efficiency and / or service life characteristics.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0002688 filed on January 8, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light emitting device, a method of manufacturing the light emitting device, and an apparatus including the light emitting device. Background Art

[0004] The light emitting device converts electrical energy into light energy. Examples of such light emitting devices include organic light emitting devices using organic materials for emission layers, quantum dot light emitting devices using quantum dots for emission layers, and the like.

[0005] In the light-emitting device, a first electrode may be disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode may be sequentially formed on the first electrode. Holes provided by the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided by the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers (e.g., holes and electrons) may recombine in the emission layer to generate excitons. These excitons may transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light. Summary of the invention

[0006] One or more aspects of an embodiment of the present disclosure relate to a tandem light-emitting device containing an inorganic dopant in a charge generation unit and an apparatus including the tandem light-emitting device.

[0007] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.

[0008] One or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a light emitting device, comprising: a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, m emission units (wherein m is a variable) between the first electrode and the second electrode, and m-1 charge generation units between adjacent emission units of the emission units,

[0009] Where m is a natural number of 2 or greater.

[0010] The emission units each include an emission layer,

[0011] At least one of the charge generation units includes an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer,

[0012] The n-type charge generation layer comprises a first material and a second material,

[0013] The first material includes an organic electron transport compound, and

[0014] The second material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alloys of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alloys of alkaline earth metals, lanthanide metals, and alloys of lanthanide metals.

[0015] One or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device, the light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, m emission units between the first electrode and the second electrode, and m-1 charge generation units between adjacent emission units of the emission units,

[0016] Where m is a natural number of 2 or greater.

[0017] The emission units each include an emission layer, and

[0018] At least one of the charge generation units includes an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer,

[0019] The method includes: forming an n-type charge generation layer including a first material and a second material, wherein the first material includes an organic electron transport compound, and

[0020] The second material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alloys of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alloys of alkaline earth metals, lanthanide metals, and alloys of lanthanide metals.

[0021] One or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus comprising: a thin film transistor including a source electrode, a drain electrode and an active layer; and a light emitting device according to the embodiment, wherein the first electrode of the light emitting device is electrically connected to one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting device according to the embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of a charge generating unit in; and

[0025] Figure 3is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting device according to the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Now will refer to the embodiment in more detail, the example of the embodiment is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same elements throughout, and the description thereof may not be provided repeatedly. In this regard, the present embodiment may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the description set forth herein. Therefore, the following only describes the embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings to explain the aspects of the current description. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any combination and all combinations of one or more than one of the related listed items. Throughout the disclosure, the expression "at least one of a, b, and c" may represent only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0027] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. Instead, these terms are only used to distinguish one component from another.

[0028] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0029] It should be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises” and / or “comprising” used herein specify the presence of specified features or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or components.

[0030] It should be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "on" or "over" another layer, region, or component, it can be formed directly or indirectly on the other layer, region, or component. For example, there can be intervening layers, regions, or components. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, "directly connected to" another element, or "directly coupled to" another element, there are no intervening elements.

[0031] For convenience of explanation, the sizes of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated. In other words, since the sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of explanation, the following embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0032] It should be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "connected to" another layer, region, or component, the layer, region, or component may be directly connected to the other layer, region, or component, or indirectly connected to the other layer, region, or component due to the presence of an intervening layer, region, or component. For example, it should be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "electrically connected to" another layer, region, or component, the layer, region, or component may be directly electrically connected to the other layer, region, or component, or indirectly electrically connected to the other layer, region, or component due to the presence of an intervening layer, region, or component.

[0033] As used herein, expressions such as “at least one of,” “one of,” and “selected from,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

[0034] The term "intermediate layer" as used herein may refer to a single layer and / or all (eg, multiple) layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of the light emitting device. The material included in the "intermediate layer" may be an organic material and / or an inorganic material.

[0035] As used herein, the expression “(the intermediate layer) contains at least one compound represented by formula X (X is any formula number disclosed herein)” may include the case where “(the intermediate layer) contains the same (e.g., single) compound represented by formula X” and the case where “(the intermediate layer) contains two or more different compounds represented by formula X”.

[0036] The term "group" as used herein refers to a group of elements as in the context of the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements.

[0037] The term "alkali metal" as used herein refers to an element of Group 1. For example, the alkali metal may be lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), or cesium (Cs).

[0038] As used herein, the term "alkaline earth metal" refers to an element of Group 2. For example, the alkaline earth metal may be magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), or barium (Ba).

[0039] As used herein, the term "lanthanide metal" refers to lanthanum (La) and any element belonging to the lanthanide series in the periodic table. For example, the lanthanide metal can be lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) or ruthenium (Lu).

[0040] As used herein, the term "transition metal" refers to an element (e.g., d-block metal) belonging to Periods 4 to 7 and concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) belonging to Groups 3 to 12. For example, the transition metal may be titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), or cadmium (Cd).

[0041] The term "late transition metal" as used herein refers to a metal element belonging to Period 4 to Period 7 and concurrently (e.g., simultaneously) belonging to Group 13 to Group 17. For example, the late transition metal may be aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), or polonium (Po).

[0042] The term "halogen" as used herein refers to an element of Group 17. For example, the halogen may be fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).

[0043] As used herein, the term "organic semiconductor compound" refers to any organic compound having a band gap of 2.5 eV or greater. In some embodiments, the organic semiconductor compound may have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of about -4.5 eV to about -5.5 eV.

[0044] As used herein, the term "inorganic semiconductor compound" refers to any inorganic compound having a band gap of less than about 4 eV. For example, the inorganic semiconductor compound may include a lanthanide metal halide, a transition metal halide, a post-transition metal halide, tellurium, a lanthanide metal telluride, a transition metal telluride, a post-transition metal telluride, a lanthanide metal selenide, a transition metal selenide, a post-transition metal selenide, or any combination thereof. For example, the inorganic semiconductor compound may include EuI 2 ,YbI 2 、SmI 2 、TmI 2 、AgI、CuI、NiI 2 、CoI 2 ,BiI 3 、BiCl 3 ,BiBr 3 、BiF 3 , PbI 2 SnI 2, Te, EuTe, YbTe, SmTe, TmTe, EuSe, YbSe, SmSe, TmSe, ZnTe, CoTe, ZnSe, CoSe, Bi 2 Te 3 、Bi 2 Se 3 or any combination thereof.

[0045] As used herein, the term "inorganic insulating compound" refers to any inorganic compound having a band gap of 4 eV or greater. For example, the inorganic insulating compound may include an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide, or any combination thereof. For example, the inorganic insulating compound may include NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, MgI 2 ,CaI 2 , SrI 2 ,BaI 2 MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 、SrCl 2 、BaCl 2 MgF 2 , CaF 2 , SrF 2 , BaF 2 、EuI 3 ,YbI 3 、SmI 3 、TmI 3 、EuCl 3 YbCl 3 、SmCl 3 、TmCl 3 ,EuF 3 , YbF 3 、SmF 3 、TmF 3 or any combination thereof.

[0046] As used herein, the term "alkali halide" refers to a compound in which an alkali metal and a halogen are ionically bonded. For example, the alkali halide may include NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, or any combination thereof.

[0047] As used herein, the term "alkaline earth metal halide" refers to a compound in which an alkaline earth metal and a halogen are ionically bonded. For example, an alkaline earth metal halide may include MgI 2 ,CaI 2 , SrI 2 ,BaI2 MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 、SrCl 2 、BaCl 2 MgF 2 , CaF 2 , SrF 2 , BaF 2 or any combination thereof.

[0048] As used herein, the term "lanthanide metal halide" refers to a compound in which a lanthanide metal and a halide are ionically and / or covalently bonded. For example, the lanthanide metal may include EuI 2 ,YbI 2 、SmI 2 、TmI 2 、EuI 3 ,YbI 3 、SmI 3 、TmI 3 、EuCl 3 YbCl 3 、SmCl 3 、TmCl 3 ,EuF 3 , YbF 3 、SmF 3 、TmF 3 or any combination thereof.

[0049] As used herein, the term "transition metal halide" refers to a compound in which a transition metal and a halide are ionically and / or covalently bonded. For example, transition metal halides may include AgI, CuI, NiI 2 、CoI 2 or any combination thereof.

[0050] As used herein, the term "late transition metal halide" refers to a compound in which a late transition metal and a halide are ionically and / or covalently bonded. For example, a late transition metal halide may include BiI 3 、BiCl 3 ,BiBr 3 、BiF 3 , PbI 2 SnI 2 or any combination thereof.

[0051] As used herein, the term "lanthanide metal telluride" refers to a compound in which a lanthanide metal and tellurium (Te) are ionically bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded. For example, the lanthanide metal telluride may include EuTe, YbTe, SmTe, TmTe, or any combination thereof.

[0052] As used herein, the term "transition metal telluride" refers to a compound in which a transition metal and tellurium are ionically bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded. For example, the transition metal telluride may include ZnTe, CoTe, or any combination thereof.

[0053] As used herein, the term "late transition metal telluride" refers to a compound in which a late transition metal and tellurium are ionically bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded. For example, a late transition metal telluride may include Bi 2 Te 3 .

[0054] As used herein, the term "lanthanide metal selenide" refers to a compound in which a lanthanide metal and selenium (Se) are ionically bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded. For example, the lanthanide metal selenide may include EuSe, YbSe, SmSe, TmSe, or any combination thereof.

[0055] As used herein, the term "transition metal selenide" refers to a compound in which a transition metal and selenium are ionically bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded. For example, the transition metal selenide may include ZnSe, CoSe, or any combination thereof.

[0056] As used herein, the term "late transition metal selenide" refers to a compound in which a late transition metal and selenium are ionically bonded, covalently bonded, and / or metallically bonded. For example, a late transition metal selenide may include Bi 2 Se 3 .

[0057] [ Figure 1 Description]

[0058] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting device according to the embodiment.

[0059] refer to Figure 1 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a light-emitting device 1 includes: a first electrode 110; a second electrode 190 facing the first electrode 110; m emission units between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190; and m-1 charge generation units between adjacent emission units in the emission units, wherein m is a natural number of 2 or greater, each of the emission units includes an emission layer, and at least one of the charge generation units may include an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer.

[0060] In the following, we will discuss Figure 1 The structure of the light emitting device 1 and a method of manufacturing the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment are described.

[0061] [First electrode]

[0062] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment, a substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 110 or over the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate and / or a plastic substrate each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, handling convenience, and / or water resistance.

[0063] The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing and / or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrode 110 may be selected from materials having a high work function to facilitate hole injection.

[0064] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combination thereof, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more than one embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), and any combination thereof, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0065] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

[0066] [Transmitter unit]

[0067] m emission units (where m is a variable) are located on the first electrode 110 .

[0068] Among the m emission units, the emission unit closest to the first electrode 110 may be referred to as the first emission unit, the emission unit farthest from the first electrode 110 may be referred to as the mth emission unit, and the first emission unit to the mth emission unit are sequentially arranged. For example, the m-1th emission unit may be located between the first electrode 110 and the mth emission unit.

[0069] In some embodiments, the emission units may each further include an electron transport region and / or a hole transport region.

[0070] The plurality of hole transport regions may each include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and the plurality of electron transport regions may each include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0071] According to the embodiment, the first electrode 110 may be an anode, the second electrode 190 may be a cathode, the mth emission unit is between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190, the m-1th emission unit is between the first electrode 110 and the mth emission unit, and the m-1th charge generation unit may be between the mth emission unit and the m-1th emission unit. The mth emission unit may include an mth emission layer, the m-1th emission unit may include an m-1th emission layer, the m-1th hole transport region may be further located between the first electrode 110 and the m-1th emission layer, the m-1th electron transport region may be further located between the m-1th emission layer and the m-1th charge generation unit, the m-th hole transport region may be further located between the m-1th charge generation unit and the m-1th emission layer, and the m-th electron transport region may be further located between the m-1th emission layer and the second electrode 190. The m hole transport regions may each include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and the m electron transport regions may each include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0072] [Hole injection layer in hole transport region]

[0073] The light emitting device 1 may include a hole injection layer directly contacting the first electrode 110 or the (m-1)th charge generating unit.

[0074] The hole injection layer may include a sixth material and a seventh material, and the sixth material and the seventh material may be different from each other.

[0075] For example, the sixth material may include a lanthanide metal halide, a transition metal halide, a post-transition metal halide, tellurium, a lanthanide metal telluride, a transition metal telluride, a post-transition metal telluride, a lanthanide metal selenide, a transition metal selenide, a post-transition metal selenide, or any combination thereof.

[0076] For example, the seventh material may include an organic hole transport compound, an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide, or any combination thereof.

[0077] In some embodiments, in the hole injection layer, the seventh material can have a volume greater than or equal to the volume of the sixth material.

[0078] In more detail, in the hole injection layer, the sixth material may have a volume of 50% or less.

[0079] For example, the seventh material may include at least one selected from organic hole transport compounds, and a volume ratio of the sixth material to the seventh material may be about 1:99 to about 20:80.

[0080] In some embodiments, the seventh material may include an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide, or any combination thereof, and a volume ratio of the sixth material to the seventh material may be about 1:99 to about 50:50.

[0081] As used herein, the term "organic hole transport compound" refers to any organic material having hole transport properties. In one embodiment, the organic hole transport compound may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4"-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

[0082]

[0083] Formula 201

[0084]

[0085] Formula 202

[0086]

[0087] In equation 201 and equation 202,

[0088] L 201 To L 204 can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-C 60 a heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0089] L 205 Can be selected from *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 Alkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 20 Alkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 a heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0090] xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

[0091] xa5 can be an integer from 1 to 10, and

[0092] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C 60 a heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0093] For example, in Equation 202, R 201 and R 202 may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group or a diphenyl-methylene group, and R 203 and R 204 They may optionally be linked to one another via single bonds, dimethyl-methylene groups or diphenyl-methylene groups.

[0094] In one embodiment, in Formula 201 and Formula 202,

[0095] L 201 To L 205 Can be independently selected from:

[0096] a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthenylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-difluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a phenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, a py ... a phenylene group, a tetraphenylene group, a perylene group, a perylene group, a pentphenylene group, a hexaphenylene group, a pentphenylene group, a rubinylene group, a coronene group, an ovphenylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothienylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothienylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilylene group, and a pyridylene group; and

[0097] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C 1 -C 10a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with -F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenaltenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a rubinyl group, a coronet group, an ovaphenyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, a pyridyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ) and -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) is at least one substituted phenylene group, pentalenylene group, indenylene group, naphthylene group, azulenylene group, heptalenylene group, indacenylene group, acenaphthenylene group, fluorenylene group, spiro-difluorenylene group, benzofluorenylene group, dibenzofluorenylene group, phenalenylene group, phenanthrenylene group, anthracenylene group, fluoranthenylene group, phenanthrenylene group, py ... a phenylene group, a tetraphenylene group, a perylene group, a perylene group, a pentphenylene group, a hexaphenylene group, a pentphenylene group, a rubidinyl group, a coronetyl group, an ovphenylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothienylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothienylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilylene group, and a pyridylene group,

[0098] Where Q 31 To Q 33 Can be independently selected from C 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0099] In one or more than one embodiments, xa1 to xa4 can each independently be 0, 1 or 2.

[0100] In one or more than one embodiments, xa5 can be 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0101] In one or more than one embodiment, R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each of the following may be independently selected from: a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, and a pyridyl group; and

[0102] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C 1 -C 10 a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with -F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenaltenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a rubinyl group, a coronet group, an ovaphenyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, a pyridyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ) and -N(Q 31 )(Q 32) is at least one substituted phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, pentalenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, azulenyl group, heptalenyl group, indacenyl group, acenaphthenyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenaltenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, triphenylenyl group, pyrenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, and a pyridyl group,

[0103] Where Q 31 To Q 33 may each independently be the same as described above.

[0104] In one or more than one embodiment, R selected from Formula 201 201 To R 203 At least one of can be independently selected from:

[0105] fluorenyl groups, spiro-bifluorenyl groups, carbazolyl groups, dibenzofuranyl groups, and dibenzothiophenyl groups; and

[0106] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C 1 -C 10 a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with -F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group substituted with at least one of a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

[0107] However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0108] In one or more than one embodiment, in Formula 202, i) R 201 and R 202may be linked to each other via a single bond, and / or ii) R 203 and R 204 can be connected to each other via a single bond.

[0109] In one or more than one embodiment, R in Formula 202 201 To R 204 At least one of can be independently selected from:

[0110] a carbazolyl group; and

[0111] is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C 1 -C 10 a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one of a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with -F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group and a dibenzothienyl group,

[0112] However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0113] In one or more than one embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 can be represented by Formula 201A:

[0114] Formula 201A

[0115]

[0116] In one or more than one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A(1), but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0117] Formula 201A(1)

[0118]

[0119] In one or more than one embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0120] Formula 201A-1

[0121]

[0122] In one or more than one embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 can be represented by Formula 202A:

[0123] Formula 202A

[0124]

[0125] In one or more than one embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 can be represented by Formula 202A-1:

[0126] Formula 202A-1

[0127]

[0128] In Formula 201A, Formula 201A(1), Formula 201A-1, Formula 202A, and Formula 202A-1,

[0129] L 201 To L 203 , xa1 to xa3, xa5 and R 202 To R 204 can be independently the same as described above,

[0130] R 211 and R 212 can be independently compared with R 203 Same as described, and

[0131] R 213 To R 217 can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, C 1 -C 10 a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with -F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenaltenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, The invention also includes but is not limited to: a benzothiophenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, a peryl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a rubinyl group, a coronet group, an ovaphenyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, and a pyridyl group.

[0132] The hole transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compound HT1 to Compound HT39, but the compound included in the hole transport region is not limited thereto:

[0133]

[0134]

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] The thickness of the hole injection layer may be about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm. When the thickness of the hole injection layer is within this range, satisfactory hole injection characteristics may be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0138] In one embodiment, the hole injection layer may include the same material as the p-type charge generation layer (which will be described later).

[0139] [Hole Transport Layer in Hole Transport Region]

[0140] The light emitting device 1 may include a hole transport layer in direct contact with the emission layer.

[0141] The hole transport layer may include a tenth material, and the tenth material may include at least one selected from organic hole transport compounds.

[0142] In one embodiment, the hole transport layer may further include an eleventh material different from the tenth material, and the eleventh material may include an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide, or any combination thereof.

[0143] In the hole transport layer, the tenth material may have a volume greater than or equal to that of the eleventh material. For example, in the hole transport layer, a volume ratio of the tenth material to the eleventh material may be about 99:1 to about 50:50.

[0144] The thickness of the hole transport layer may be about 0.1 nm to about 10 nm. When the thickness of the hole transport layer is within this range, satisfactory hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0145] [Charge generating material in hole transport region]

[0146] In addition to these materials, the hole transport region may further contain a charge generating material for improving the conductive property. The charge generating material may be dispersed uniformly or non-uniformly in the hole transport region.

[0147] The charge generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0148] In one embodiment, the p-dopant may have a LUMO level of -3.5 eV or less.

[0149] In one embodiment, the p-dopant may be selected from an organic p-dopant and an inorganic p-dopant. For example, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from: an organic p-dopant (e.g., a quinone derivative and / or a compound containing a cyano group); and an inorganic p-dopant (e.g., a metal oxide and / or an inorganic semiconductor compound), but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0150] For example, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from the group consisting of: a quinone derivative (e.g., tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and / or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ));

[0151] 1,4,5,8,9,12-Hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN);

[0152] A compound represented by formula 221;

[0153] Metal oxides (eg, tungsten oxide and / or molybdenum oxide); and

[0154] Inorganic semiconductor compounds (e.g. metal halides, such as CuI, BiI 3 、BiCl 3 ,BiBr 3 、BiF 3 etc.), metalloids (e.g., Te, etc.) and compounds containing metalloids (e.g., ZnTe, etc.),

[0155] However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Formula 221

[0159]

[0160] In formula 221,

[0161] R 221 To R 223 can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 a heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, and a 221 To R 223 At least one of the may have a cyano group, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, C substituted by -F 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups, C substituted by -Cl 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups, C substituted with -Br 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups and C substituted by -I 1 -C 20 At least one substituent in the alkyl group.

[0162] [Emission layer]

[0163] The emission units each include an emission layer. For example, one emission unit may include one emission layer.

[0164] The emission layers may be designed to emit light of different colors from each other, or may be designed to emit light of the same color. For example, each of the plurality of emission layers may be designed to emit blue light, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0165] The emission layer may include at least one selected from an organic compound and a semiconductor compound, but the compound included in the emission layer is not limited thereto. When the emission layer includes an organic compound, the light emitting device 1 may be referred to as an organic light emitting device.

[0166] In some embodiments, the organic compound may include a host and a dopant.

[0167] In some embodiments, the semiconductor compound may be a quantum dot, and the light emitting device 1 may be a quantum dot light emitting device.

[0168] In some embodiments, the semiconductor compound may be an organic perovskite and / or an inorganic perovskite.

[0169] The thickness of the emission layer may be about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm. For example, the thickness of the emission layer may be about 15 nm to about 50 nm. In some embodiments, when the emission layer is intended to emit blue light, the thickness of the emission layer may be about 15 nm to about 20 nm; when the emission layer is intended to emit green light, the thickness of the emission layer may be about 20 nm to about 40 nm; and when the emission layer is intended to emit red light, the thickness of the emission layer may be about 40 nm to about 50 nm. When the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, the light emitting device 1 may have excellent light emission characteristics without a significant increase in the driving voltage.

[0170] The emission layer of the organic light-emitting device may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, a delayed fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0171] The amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0172] In one or more embodiments, the host can include a compound represented by Formula 301.

[0173] Formula 301

[0174] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 .

[0175] In formula 301,

[0176] Ar 301 Can be substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 A carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0177] xb11 can be 1, 2 or 3,

[0178] L 301Can be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 a heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0179] xb1 can be an integer from 0 to 5.

[0180] R 301 It can be selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 301 )(Q302 )(Q 303 )、-N(Q 301 )(Q 302 )、-B(Q 301 )(Q 302 )、-C(=O)(Q 301 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 301 ) and -P(=O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ),as well as

[0181] xb21 can be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0182] Where Q 301 To Q 303 Can be independently selected from C 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 An alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0183] In one embodiment, Ar in Formula 301 301 Can be selected from:

[0184] naphthyl group, fluorene group, spiro-bifluorene group, benzofluorene group, dibenzofluorene group, phenalene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, triphenylene group, pyrene group, group, a naphthacene group, a phenanthrene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenyl group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group; and

[0185] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32) is at least one substituted naphthyl group, fluorene group, spiro-bifluorene group, benzofluorene group, dibenzofluorene group, phenalene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, triphenylene group, pyrene group, group, a naphthacene group, a phenanthrene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenyl group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group and a dibenzothiophene group,

[0186] Where Q 31 To Q 33 Can be independently selected from C 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 An alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0187] When xb11 in Formula 301 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 301 Can connect via one-touch.

[0188] In one or more than one embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 can be represented by Formula 301-1 or Formula 301-2:

[0189] Formula 301-1

[0190]

[0191] Formula 301-2

[0192]

[0193] In Formula 301-1 and Formula 301-2,

[0194] A 301 To A 304 can be independently selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a naphthofuran group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a dinaphthofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a naphthothiophene group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, and a dinaphthothiophene group,

[0195] X 301 Can be O, S or N-[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ],

[0196] R 311 To R 314 can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),

[0197] xb22 and xb23 can each independently be 0, 1 or 2,

[0198] L 301 、xb1、R 301 and Q 31 To Q 33 can be independently the same as described above, L 302 To L 304 can be independently related to L 301 Same as described,

[0199] xb2 to xb4 may each independently be the same as described with respect to xb1, and

[0200] R 302 To R 304 can be independently compared with R 301 Same as described.

[0201] For example, L in Formula 301, Formula 301-1, and Formula 301-2 301 To L 304 Can be independently selected from:

[0202] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-difluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a phenylene group, a pyrenyl ... a phenylene group, a perylene group, a pentphenylene group, a hexaphenylene group, a pentphenylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group , pyrazinylene groups, pyrimidinylene groups, pyridazinylene groups, triazinylene groups, quinolinylene groups, isoquinolinylene groups, benzoquinolinylene groups, phthalazinylene groups, naphthyridinylene groups, quinoxalinylene groups, quinazolinylene groups, cinnolinylene groups, phenanthridinylene groups, acridinylene groups, phenanthrolinylene groups, phenazinylene groups, benzimidazolylene groups, isobenzothiazolylene groups, benzoxazolylene groups, isobenzoxazolylene groups, triazolylene groups, tetrazolylene groups, imidazopyridinylene groups, imidazopyrimidinylene groups, and azacarbazolylene groups; and

[0203] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothioyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, benzoquinolyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, azacarbazolyl group, -Si(Q31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) is at least one substituted phenylene group, naphthylene group, fluorenylene group, spiro-bifluorenylene group, benzofluorenylene group, dibenzofluorenylene group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracenylene group, fluoranthenylene group, phenylphenanthrenyl group, pyrenylene ... a phenylene group, a perylene group, a pentphenylene group, a hexaphenylene group, a pentphenylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolylene group, an isoquinolylene group, a benzoquinolylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group;

[0204] Where Q 31 To Q 33 may each independently be the same as described above.

[0205] In one embodiment, R in Formula 301, Formula 301-1 and Formula 301-2 301 To R 304 Can be independently selected from:

[0206] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothioyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group , pyrazinyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolyl groups, isoquinolyl groups, benzoquinolyl groups, phthalazinyl groups, naphthyridinyl groups, quinoxalinyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, cinnolinyl groups, phenanthridinyl groups, acridinyl groups, phenanthrolinyl groups, phenazinyl groups, benzimidazolyl groups, isobenzothiazolyl groups, benzoxazolyl groups, isobenzoxazolyl groups, triazolyl groups, tetrazolyl groups, imidazopyridinyl groups, imidazopyrimidinyl groups, and azacarbazolyl groups; and

[0207] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothioyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, benzoquinolyl group, phthalazinyl group, naphthyridinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, phenanthridinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, phenazinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, isobenzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, isobenzoxazolyl group, triazolyl group, tetrazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, azacarbazolyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) is at least one substituted phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, triphenylenyl group, pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothioyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group , a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a benzoquinolyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group, and

[0208] Where Q 31 To Q 33 may each independently be the same as described above.

[0209] In one or more than one embodiments, the host can include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host can be selected from a Be complex (e.g., compound H55) and a Mg complex. In some embodiments, the host can include a Zn complex.

[0210] The host may include at least one selected from 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and at least one selected from Compounds H1 to H55, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0211]

[0212]

[0213]

[0214] In one embodiment, the host may include at least one selected from a silicon-containing compound (eg, BCPDS, etc.) and a phosphine oxide-containing compound (eg, POPCPA, etc.).

[0215] The host may include only one compound or may include two or more compounds that are different from each other (eg, the host includes BCPDS and POPCPA). In one or more embodiments, the host may instead have various other suitable modifications.

[0216] The phosphorescent dopant may include an organic metal complex represented by Formula 401:

[0217] Formula 401

[0218] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2 .

[0219] Formula 402

[0220]

[0221] In equations 401 and 402,

[0222] M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh) and thulium (Tm),

[0223] L 401 may be a ligand represented by formula 402, and xc1 may be 1, 2 or 3, wherein when xc1 is 2 or greater, two or more L 401 can be the same or different from each other,

[0224] L 402 may be an organic ligand, and xc2 may be an integer from 0 to 4, wherein when xc2 is 2 or greater, two or more L 402 can be the same or different from each other,

[0225] X 401 To X 404 may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

[0226] X 401 and X 403 can be connected via a single bond or a double bond, and X 402 and X 404 Can be connected via single or double bonds,

[0227] A 401 and A 402 Can be C independently 5 -C 60 Carbocyclic group or C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0228] X 405 It can be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q 411 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=*'or*=C=*', where Q 411 and Q 412 Can be hydrogen, deuterium, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group or a naphthyl group,

[0229] X 406 Can be a single bond, O or S,

[0230] R 401 and R 402 can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20Alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 )、-N(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-B(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-C(=O)(Q 401 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 401 ) and -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), and Q 401 To Q 403 Can be independently selected from C 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 Alkoxy group, C 6 -C 20 Aryl groups and C 1 -C 20 Heteroaryl groups,

[0231] xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

[0232] * and *' in Formula 402 may each represent a binding site with M in Formula 401.

[0233] In one embodiment, A in Formula 402 401 and A 402Each of the phenyl groups may be independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a carbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group.

[0234] In one or more than one embodiment, in Formula 402, i) X 401 can be nitrogen and X 402 It can be carbon, or ii) X 401 and X 402 Both may be nitrogen.

[0235] In one or more than one embodiments, R in Formula 402 401 and R 402 Can be independently selected from:

[0236] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups and C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy groups;

[0237] each of which is substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, and a norbornenyl group; 1 -C 20 Alkyl groups and C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy groups;

[0238] a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

[0239] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group substituted with at least one of an alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

[0240] -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 )、-N(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-B(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-C(=O)(Q 401 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 401 ) and -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),

[0241] Where Q 401 To Q 403 Can be independently selected from C 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 An alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0242] In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in Formula 401 is 2 or greater than 2, two or more L 401 Two A's 401 It can be optionally connected via X as a linker 407 connected to each other, and / or two A 402 It can be optionally connected via X as a linker408 are connected to each other (see, for example, Compound PD1 to Compound PD4 and Compound PD7). 407 and X 408 can each independently be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q 413 )-*'、*-C(Q 413 )(Q 414 )-*' or *-C(Q 413 )=C(Q 414 )-*'(where Q 413 and Q 414 can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 An alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group), but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0243] L in Formula 401 402 It can be a monovalent, divalent or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L 402 It may be selected from halogen, diketone (e.g., acetylacetonate), carboxylic acid (e.g., picolinate), -C(=O), isonitrile, -CN, and phosphorus compound (e.g., phosphine or phosphite), but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0244] In one or more than one embodiments, the organometallic phosphorescent dopant may be selected from, for example, Compound PD1 to Compound PD25, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0245]

[0246]

[0247] The fluorescent dopant may include an arylamine compound or a styrylamine compound.

[0248] The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501:

[0249] Formula 501

[0250]

[0251] In formula 501,

[0252] Ar 501 Can be substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 A carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0253] L 501 To L 503 can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 a heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0254] xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

[0255] R 501 and R 502 can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups, and

[0256] xd4 can be an integer from 1 to 6.

[0257] In one embodiment, Ar in Formula 501 501 Can be selected from:

[0258] naphthyl group, heptalene group, fluorene group, spiro-bifluorene group, benzofluorene group, dibenzofluorene group, phenalene group, phenanthrene group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, triphenylene group, pyrene group, group, a naphthacene group, a phenanthrene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenyl group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrene group; and

[0259] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 a naphthyl group substituted with at least one of an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group and a naphthyl group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, group, a naphthacene group, a phenanthrene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenyl group, an indenoanthracene group and an indenophenanthrene group.

[0260] In one or more than one embodiments, L in Formula 501 501 To L 503 Can be independently selected from:

[0261] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-difluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a phenylene group, a pyrenyl ... a phenylene group, a perylene group, a pentphenylene group, a hexaphenylene group, a pentphenylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothienylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothienylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilylene group, and a pyridylene group; and

[0262] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, The invention also includes at least one substituted phenylene group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-difluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, anthracen ... The invention also includes but is not limited to: a phenylene group, a perylene group, a pentphenylene group, a hexaphenylene group, a pentphenylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothienylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothienylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilylene group, and a pyridylene group.

[0263] In one or more than one embodiment, R in Formula 501 501 and R 502 Can be independently selected from:

[0264] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, and a pyridyl group; and

[0265] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, a pyridyl group, and -Si(Q) 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ) is at least one substituted phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, triphenylenyl group, pyrenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, and a pyridyl group,

[0266] Where Q 31 To Q 33 Can be selected from C 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0267] In one or more than one embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0268] For example, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from Compound FD1 to Compound FD23:

[0269]

[0270]

[0271]

[0272] In one or more than one embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from the following compounds, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0273]

[0274] The delayed fluorescence dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 502:

[0275] Formula 502

[0276]

[0277] In formula 502,

[0278] A 501 To A 503 Can be C independently 5 -C 60 Carbocyclic group or C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group, L 501 To L 505 can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 a heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0279] a501 to a505 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

[0280] R 503 To R 507 can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C60 heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups, and

[0281] c11 to c13 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 6.

[0282] In one embodiment, A in Formula 502 501 To A 503 Each of the phenyl groups may be independently selected from a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, a heptadene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthene group, a phenanthene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, A group, a naphthacene group, a phenanthrene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenyl group, an indenoanthracene group, an indenophenanthrene group, and a group represented by Formula 503:

[0283] Formula 503

[0284]

[0285] In formula 503,

[0286] A 504 To A 506 can be independently related to A in formula 502 501 Same as described,

[0287] L 504 To L 508 can be independently related to L in equation 502 501 Same as described,

[0288] a504 to a508 may each independently be the same as described with respect to a501 in formula 502,

[0289] R 506 To R 510 can be independently related to R in formula 502 503 Same as described, and

[0290] c14 to c16 may each independently be the same as described with respect to c11 in Formula 502.

[0291] In one or more than one embodiments, L in Formula 502 501 To L 505 may each independently be the same as described above.

[0292] In one or more than one embodiments, R in Formula 502 503 To R 507 Can be independently selected from:

[0293] a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a tert-phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, and a pyridyl group; and

[0294] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidine group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, a pyridyl group, and -Si(Q) 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ) is at least one substituted methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, tert-biphenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorenyl group, spiro-bifluorenyl group, benzofluorenyl group, dibenzofluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthracenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, triphenylenyl group, pyrenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilyl group, and a pyridyl group,

[0295] Where Q31 To Q 33 Can be selected from C 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0296] In one embodiment, c11 to c13 in Formula 502 may be 0 or 1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0297] For example, the delayed fluorescence dopant may be selected from compound FD31 to compound FD33:

[0298]

[0299] The emission layer of a quantum dot light emitting device may include quantum dots. For example, a quantum dot light emitting device may include a quantum dot emission layer. The quantum dot emission layer may include multiple quantum dots (inorganic nanoparticles) arranged in a single layer or multiple layers.

[0300] In this specification, the term "quantum dot" refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound and may include any material having an emission wavelength that can be adjusted according to the size of the crystal. The compound constituting the quantum dot is not particularly limited as long as the quantum dot meets the above criteria.

[0301] In some embodiments, quantum dots may include semiconductor compound materials selected from Group III-VI semiconductor compounds, Group II-VI semiconductor compounds; Group III-V semiconductor compounds; Group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; Group IV elements or compounds; and any mixtures thereof.

[0302] For example, the III-VI semiconductor compounds may be selected from: binary compounds such as In 2 S 3 ; a ternary compound, wherein the ternary compound is selected from AgInS, AgInS 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 , and any mixture thereof, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0303] For example, the II-VI semiconductor compound can be selected from: a binary compound selected from CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and any mixture thereof; a ternary compound selected from CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, Cd ZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and any mixture thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe and any mixture thereof, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0304] For example, the III-V semiconductor compound can be selected from: a binary compound selected from GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb and any mixture thereof; a ternary compound selected from GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb and any mixture thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb and any mixture thereof, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0305] For example, the IV-VI semiconductor compound can be selected from: a binary compound selected from SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe and any mixture thereof; a ternary compound selected from SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe and any mixture thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe and any mixture thereof, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0306] For example, the Group IV element or compound may be selected from: a single element compound selected from Si, Ge, and any mixture thereof; and a binary compound selected from SiC, SiGe, and any mixture thereof, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0307] The binary compound, ternary compound, and / or quaternary compound may each be present in the particle form at a substantially uniform concentration, or may be present in the same particle with a non-uniform concentration distribution (eg, a concentration gradient).

[0308] The quantum dot may have a substantially uniform single structure (e.g., a structure with only a solid core) or a core-shell structure including a core and one or more than one shell. For example, the core-shell structure may contain different materials. For example, the material constituting each of the core and the shell may include different semiconductor compounds.

[0309] The shell of a quantum dot can be used as a protective layer for maintaining semiconductor properties by preventing or reducing chemical degradation of the core, and / or can be used as a charging layer for imparting electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can be a single layer (e.g., a single shell) or a multilayer (e.g., multiple shells). The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient, where the concentration of atoms present in the shell decreases toward the center.

[0310] Non-limiting examples of the shell of the quantum dot may include metal or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof. For example, the metal or non-metal oxide may include a binary compound (e.g., SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 and / or NiO), or ternary compounds (e.g., MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 and / or CoMn 2 O 4), but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the semiconductor compound may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0311] The diameter (size) of the quantum dot is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, about 1 nm to about 10 nm. When the size of the quantum dot is selected or adjusted, the band gap can also be adjusted, thereby generating light of various wavelengths from the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by using or including quantum dots of different sizes, a display that emits light of various wavelengths can be realized.

[0312] For example, the sizes of various quantum dots can be selected to emit red light, green light, and blue light to form a color display. In some embodiments, the sizes of quantum dots can be selected so that different quantum dots emit different colors of light, which can be combined to emit white light.

[0313] Each quantum dot may be a spherical, pyramidal, multi-armed or cubic nanoparticle, or a nanotube, nanowire, nanofiber or nanoplate particle, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0314] The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dots can be about 45 nm or less, such as about 40 nm or less, such as about 30 nm or less. When the FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dots is within this range, color purity and / or color reproducibility can be improved. In addition, the light emitted by such quantum dots can be omnidirectionally irradiated, thereby providing a wide viewing angle.

[0315] Quantum dots may be synthesized via a wet chemical process, a metal organic chemical vapor deposition process, a molecular beam epitaxy process, or any suitable or similar process.

[0316] In the wet chemical process, the precursor material is added to the organic solvent to grow the particle crystal. As the crystal grows, the organic solvent is used as a dispersant, which naturally coordinates to the surface of the quantum dot crystal and controls the growth of the crystal. In this regard, compared with vapor deposition processes (such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and / or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)), wet chemical processes can be easily performed, and the growth of inorganic nanoparticles can be controlled by utilizing this low-cost process.

[0317] [Electron transport layer in electron transport region]

[0318] The light emitting device 1 may include an electron transport layer in direct contact with the emission layer.

[0319] The electron transport layer may include a twelfth material, and the twelfth material may include at least one selected from organic electron transport compounds.

[0320] In one embodiment, the electron transport layer may further include a thirteenth material different from the twelfth material, and the thirteenth material may include an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide, or any combination thereof.

[0321] As used herein, the term "organic electron transport compound" refers to a metal-free compound comprising at least one ring containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen.

[0322] As used herein, the term "ring containing a π-electron-deficient nitrogen" refers to a C-type ring having at least one *-N=*' moiety as a ring-forming part. 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0323] For example, the "ring containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen" may be: i) a 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *-N=*' portion, ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *-N=*' portion are fused to each other, or iii) a heteropolycyclic group in which at least one of the 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *-N=*' portion is fused to at least one C 5 -C 60 A carbocyclic group is a fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0324] Non-limiting examples of rings containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen include imidazole rings, pyrazole rings, thiazole rings, isothiazole rings, oxazole rings, isoxazole rings, pyridine rings, pyrazine rings, pyrimidine rings, pyridazine rings, indazole rings, purine rings, quinoline rings, isoquinoline rings, benzoquinoline rings, phthalazine rings, naphthyridine rings, quinoxaline rings, quinazoline rings, cinnoline rings, phenanthridine rings, acridine rings, phenanthroline rings, phenazine rings, benzimidazole rings, isobenzothiazole rings, benzoxazole rings, isobenzoxazole rings, triazole rings, tetrazole rings, oxadiazole rings, triazine rings, thiadiazole rings, imidazopyridine rings, imidazopyrimidine rings, and azacarbazole rings.

[0325] In some embodiments, the term "organic electron transport compound" as used herein may include a compound represented by Formula 601:

[0326] Formula 601

[0327] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ]xe21 .

[0328] In formula 601,

[0329] Ar 601 Can be substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 A carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups,

[0330] xe11 can be 1, 2 or 3,

[0331] L 601 Can be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 a heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0332] xe1 can be an integer from 0 to 5.

[0333] R 601 Can be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 )、-C(=O)(Q 601 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0334] Q 601 To Q 603 Can be C independently 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group or a naphthyl group, and

[0335] xe21 can be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0336] In one embodiment, xe11 Ar 601 and xe21 R 601 At least one of the may comprise a ring containing π-electron-deficient nitrogen.

[0337] In one embodiment, Ar in Formula 601 601 Can be selected from:

[0338] phenyl group, naphthalene group, fluorene group, spiro-bifluorene group, benzofluorene group, dibenzofluorene group, phenanthene group, phenanthrenes group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, triphenylene group, pyrene group, a tetraphenyl group, a phenanthracene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenyl group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

[0339] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1-C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkoxy group, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, naphthyl group, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) is at least one substituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, fluorene group, spiro-bifluorene group, benzofluorene group, dibenzofluorene group, phenanthene group, phenanthrenyl group, anthracene group, fluoranthene group, triphenylene group, pyrene group, group, a naphthacene group, a phenanthracene group, a perylene group, a pentaphenyl group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group,

[0340] Where Q 31 To Q 33 Can be independently selected from C 1 -C 10 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 10 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0341] When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 can be connected to each other via a single bond.

[0342] In one or more than one embodiment, Ar in Formula 601 601 It may be an anthracene group.

[0343] In one or more than one embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 can be represented by Formula 601-1:

[0344] Formula 601-1

[0345]

[0346] In formula 601-1,

[0347] X 614 Can be N or C (R 614 ), X 615 Can be N or C (R 615 ), X 616 Can be N or C (R 616 ), and X 614 To X 616 At least one of may be N,

[0348] L 611 To L 613 can be independently related to L 601 Same as described,

[0349] xe611 to xe613 can each independently be the same as described for xe1,

[0350] R 611 To R 613 can be independently compared with R 601 Same as described, and

[0351] R 614 To R 616 can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0352] In one embodiment, L in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 601 and L 611 To L 613 Can be independently selected from:

[0353] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-difluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a phenylene group, a pyrenyl ... a phenylene group, a perylene group, a pentphenylene group, a hexaphenylene group, a pentphenylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group , pyrazinylene groups, pyrimidinylene groups, pyridazinylene groups, triazinylene groups, quinolinylene groups, isoquinolinylene groups, benzoquinolinylene groups, phthalazinylene groups, naphthyridinylene groups, quinoxalinylene groups, quinazolinylene groups, cinnolinylene groups, phenanthridinylene groups, acridinylene groups, phenanthrolinylene groups, phenazinylene groups, benzimidazolylene groups, isobenzothiazolylene groups, benzoxazolylene groups, isobenzoxazolylene groups, triazolylene groups, tetrazolylene groups, imidazopyridinylene groups, imidazopyrimidinylene groups, and azacarbazolylene groups; and

[0354] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothioyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a benzoquinoline group, a The invention also includes a phenylene group substituted by at least one of a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group and an azacarbazolyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthenyl group, a phenylene group, a pyrenyl ... a phenylene group, a perylene group, a pentphenylene group, a hexaphenylene group, a pentphenylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolylene group, an isoquinolylene group, a benzoquinolylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group,

[0355] However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0356] In one or more than one embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 can each independently be 0, 1 or 2.

[0357] In one or more than one embodiments, R in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 601 and R 611 To R 613 Can be independently selected from:

[0358] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothioyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a triazine group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a benzoquinolyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group;

[0359] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 an alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthryl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothioyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a benzoquinoline group, a a phenyl group substituted by at least one of a benzoimidazole group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group and an azacarbazolyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenyl group, a peryl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a pentacene group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzothioyl group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group , pyrazinyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolyl groups, isoquinolyl groups, benzoquinolyl groups, phthalazinyl groups, naphthyridinyl groups, quinoxalinyl groups, quinazolinyl groups, cinnolinyl groups, phenanthridinyl groups, acridinyl groups, phenanthrolinyl groups, phenazinyl groups, benzimidazolyl groups, isobenzothiazolyl groups, benzoxazolyl groups, isobenzoxazolyl groups, triazolyl groups, tetrazolyl groups, imidazopyridinyl groups, imidazopyrimidinyl groups, and azacarbazolyl groups; and

[0360] -S(=O) 2 (Q 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0361] Where Q 601 and Q 602 may each independently be the same as described above.

[0362] The electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compound ET1 to Compound ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0363]

[0364]

[0365]

[0366]

[0367] In one or more than one embodiment, the electron transport region may include a 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq 3 At least one compound selected from the group consisting of 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) and NTAZ.

[0368]

[0369] In the electron transport layer, the twelfth material may have a volume greater than or equal to that of the thirteenth material. In detail, in the electron transport layer, a volume ratio of the twelfth material to the thirteenth material may be about 99:1 to about 50:50.

[0370] The thickness of the electron transport layer may be about 0.1 nm to about 10 nm. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the above range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0371] [Electron injection layer in electron transport region]

[0372] The light emitting device 1 may include an electron injection layer directly contacting the second electrode 190 or the (m-1)th charge generating unit.

[0373] The electron injection layer may include an eighth material, and the eighth material may include an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide, or any combination thereof.

[0374] In one embodiment, the electron injection layer may be composed of the eighth material. In some embodiments, for example, the electron injection layer may not include any material other than the eighth material.

[0375] In one embodiment, the electron injection layer may further include a ninth material different from the eighth material, and the ninth material may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a lanthanide metal, or any combination thereof.

[0376] In some embodiments, the eighth material may be a compound having a wide band gap of about 7 eV or greater. Thus, the eighth material may not substantially absorb light.

[0377] In some embodiments, the ninth material may be a compound having a low work function of about 2.6 eV or less.

[0378] In some embodiments, the eighth material may be represented by Formula X, and the ninth material may be represented by Formula Y:

[0379] Formula X

[0380] A n B m

[0381] Formula Y

[0382] C.

[0383] In formula X and formula Y,

[0384] A and C can each independently be an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a lanthanide metal or any combination thereof,

[0385] B may be a halogen,

[0386] n and m may each independently be an integer of 1 or greater, which makes the eighth material neutral, and

[0387] A and C may be different from each other.

[0388] When A and C are different from each other, the ninth material may be selected according to a narrow band gap of the ninth material to supplement light absorption.

[0389] For example, in Formula X and Formula Y, A may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof, B may include F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof, each of n and m may be 1, and C may include La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or any combination thereof.

[0390] In some embodiments, the eighth material may include NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, or any combination thereof, and the ninth material may include La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or any combination thereof.

[0391] In the electron injection layer, the eighth material may have a volume greater than or equal to the volume of the ninth material. For example, in the electron injection layer, the ninth material may have a volume greater than 0% and less than or equal to 50% relative to the total volume of the material. In some embodiments, in the electron injection layer, the ninth material may have a volume of 5% to 10%, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When the volume of the ninth material is within the above range, the ninth material can fully supplement the light absorption according to the narrow band gap of the ninth material.

[0392] The thickness of the electron injection layer may be about 0.1 nm to about 5 nm. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the above range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0393] [Metal-Containing Material in Electron Transporting Region]

[0394] The electron transport region may further include a metal-containing material in addition to the materials described above.

[0395] The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal complex and an alkaline earth metal complex.

[0396] The ligand coordinated to the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex may be selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline and cyclopentadiene, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0397] For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or compound ET-D2:

[0398]

[0399] [Charge generating unit]

[0400] The light emitting device 1 includes m-1 charge generating units between adjacent ones of the emission units.

[0401] For example, an m-1th charge generating unit is included between the mth emission unit and the m-1th emission unit. For example, when m is 2, a first electrode, a first emission unit, a first charge generating unit, and a second emission unit are sequentially arranged. As another example, when m is 3, a first electrode, a first emission unit, a first charge generating unit, a second emission unit, a second charge generating unit, and a third emission unit are sequentially arranged.

[0402] In one embodiment, at least one of the charge generation units includes: an n-type charge generation layer; a p-type charge generation layer; and an intermediate layer pIL between the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer.

[0403] refer to Figure 2 The m-1th charge generating unit CGU(m-1) between the m-1th emission unit ELU(m) and the m-1th emission unit ELU(m-1) includes: the m-1th n-type charge generating layer nCGL(m-1); the m-1th p-type charge generating layer pCGL(m-1); and the m-1th intermediate layer pIL(m-1) between the m-1th n-type charge generating layer and the m-1th p-type charge generating layer.

[0404] The n-type charge generation layer may include a first material and a second material.

[0405] The first material may include at least one selected from organic electron transport compounds. The organic electron transport compound is the same as described above.

[0406] In one embodiment, the organic electron transport compound may be a phenanthroline-based compound or a phosphine oxide-based compound.

[0407] In one embodiment, the organic electron transport compound may be selected from Compound N1, Compound N2, and any similar phenanthroline-based compounds:

[0408]

[0409] The second material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkali metal alloy, an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth metal alloy, a lanthanide metal, and a lanthanide metal alloy.

[0410] The first material may include an organic electron transport compound, and a volume ratio of the first material to the second material may be about 99.9:0.1 to about 80:20. For example, a volume ratio of the first material to the second material may be about 99:1 to about 80:20.

[0411] In one embodiment, the binding energy between the first material and the second material may be about 1.2 eV or greater, such as about 1.25 eV or greater. For example, the binding energy between the first material and the second material may be about 1.25 eV or greater and about 5 eV or less.

[0412] The binding energy can be calculated by simulation using, for example, Gaussian 09.

[0413] In the n-type charge generation layer, the bonding energy between the first material and the second material is configured to be high, and thus the flow of charges in the light emitting device 1 can be smooth, which can prevent or reduce a phenomenon in which the driving voltage increases over time.

[0414] In one embodiment, the second material may be an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy, and the n-type charge generation layer may further include bismuth (Bi).

[0415] In one or more embodiments, the second material may be an alloy of an alkali metal and bismuth (Bi).

[0416] For example, the second material may be lithium (Li), sodium (Na), a Bi-Li alloy, or a Bi-Na alloy.

[0417] When the n-type charge generation layer contains an alkali metal, the alkali metal may be easily oxidized during processing and have an increased melting point, and thus the processing temperature may increase. In this regard, when an alloy of an alkali metal and bismuth is used as the second material as described above, the n-type charge generation layer can be stably configured and the melting point can be lowered, which is advantageous during processing.

[0418] In one or more embodiments, the second material may be terbium (Tb), holmium (Ho), or dysprosium (Dy).

[0419] The thickness of the n-type charge generation layer may be about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm.

[0420] In some embodiments, the n-type charge generation layer can be in direct contact with the p-type intermediate layer.

[0421] In some embodiments, the n-type charge generation layer may be in direct contact with the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer. For example, the n-type charge generation layer included in the m-1th charge generation unit may be in direct contact with the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer included in the m-1th emission unit.

[0422] The p-type interlayer pIL includes a third material and a fourth material.

[0423] The third material may include an organic hole transport compound, an inorganic insulating compound, or any combination thereof. The organic hole transport compound is the same as described above.

[0424] The fourth material may include at least one compound selected from an organic semiconductor compound, an inorganic semiconductor compound, and an inorganic insulating compound.

[0425] In one embodiment, in the p-type interlayer, the third material may include an organic hole transport compound, and a volume ratio of the third material to the fourth material may be about 99:1 to about 80:20, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0426] In one or more embodiments, in the p-type interlayer, the third material may include an inorganic insulating compound, and a volume ratio of the third material to the fourth material may be about 99:1 to about 50:50, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0427] The thickness of the p-type intermediate layer may be about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm, for example, about 0.1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0428] The p-type intermediate layer may be in direct contact with the n-type charge generation layer.

[0429] In one embodiment, the fourth material may be an organic semiconductor compound (e.g., NDP-9). In one or more embodiments, the fourth material may be an inorganic semiconductor compound (e.g., CuI, BiI 3 、BiCl 3 ,BiBr 3 、BiF 3 、Bi 2 Te 3 , Te and / or ZnTe). In one or more embodiments, the fourth material may include an organic semiconductor compound such as NDP-9 and an organic semiconductor compound such as CuI, BiI 3 、Bi 2 Te 3 , Te and / or ZnTe.

[0430]

[0431] In one embodiment, the fourth material may not include an organic semiconductor compound. For example, the fourth material may include (eg, consist of) at least one inorganic semiconductor compound.

[0432] When a voltage is applied to the light-emitting device, the second material contained in the n-type charge generation layer can diffuse to the p-type charge generation layer. However, due to the p-type intermediate layer between the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer, the light-emitting device 1 can prevent or reduce the diffusion of the second material. Therefore, the degradation of the interface between the layers can be prevented or reduced, and the increase in the driving voltage can be prevented or reduced, and thus the light-emitting device 1 can provide an improved service life and / or improved brightness.

[0433] The p-type charge generation layer includes a third material and a fifth material.

[0434] As described above, the third material may include an organic hole transport compound, an inorganic insulating compound, or any combination thereof. The organic hole transport compound may be the same as described above.

[0435] In one embodiment, the third material contained in the p-type intermediate layer and the third material contained in the p-type charge generation layer can be the same as each other (e.g., the same material). In one or more than one embodiments, the third material contained in the p-type intermediate layer and the third material contained in the p-type charge generation layer can be different from each other.

[0436] The fifth material may include at least one selected from inorganic semiconductor compounds.

[0437] The third material may have a volume greater than or equal to the volume of the fifth material.

[0438] In one embodiment, in the p-type charge generation layer, the third material may include an organic hole transport compound, and a volume ratio of the third material to the fifth material may be about 99:1 to about 80:20, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0439] In one or more embodiments, the third material may include an inorganic insulating compound, and a volume ratio of the third material to the fifth material may be about 99:1 to about 50:50, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0440] The thickness of the p-type charge generation layer may be about 0.1 nm to about 20 nm.

[0441] The p-type charge generation layer may be in direct contact with the p-type intermediate layer.

[0442] In some embodiments, the p-type charge generation layer may be in direct contact with the hole injection layer or the hole transport layer. For example, the p-type charge generation layer included in the m-1th charge generation unit may be in direct contact with the hole injection layer or the hole transport layer included in the mth emission unit.

[0443] In one embodiment, the charge generation unit includes a p-type charge generation unit, the p-type charge generation unit includes (e.g., consists of): a p-type intermediate layer and a p-type charge generation layer, the p-type charge generation unit may be doped with only an inorganic dopant, and the inorganic dopant may include at least two different inorganic semiconductor compounds. For example, the fourth material included in the p-type intermediate layer may be an inorganic semiconductor compound, the fifth material included in the p-type charge generation layer may be an inorganic semiconductor compound, and the fourth material and the fifth material may be different from each other.

[0444] In some embodiments, in the charge generation unit, each of the n-type charge generation layer, the p-type intermediate layer, and the p-type charge generation layer may be doped with an inorganic dopant. For example, the n-type charge generation layer may be doped with a second material including at least one selected from alkali metals, alkali metal alloys, alkaline earth metals, alkaline earth metal alloys, lanthanide metals, and lanthanide metal alloys, the p-type intermediate layer may be doped with a fourth material including an inorganic semiconductor compound, and the p-type charge generation layer may be doped with a fifth material including an inorganic semiconductor compound. In some embodiments, the fourth material and the fifth material may be different from each other.

[0445] [Second electrode 190]

[0446] The second electrode 190 is located on the mth emission unit. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode as an electron injection electrode, and a material for forming the second electrode 190 may be selected from metals, alloys, conductive compounds, and combinations thereof each having a relatively low work function.

[0447] The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), silver-magnesium (Ag-Mg), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, and IZO, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0448] The second electrode 190 may have a single-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0449] The thickness of the second electrode 190 may be about 5 nm to about 20 nm. When the thickness of the second electrode 190 is within this range, light absorption in the second electrode 190 may be minimized or reduced, and satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0450] [equipment]

[0451] The light emitting device may be included in any suitable apparatus.

[0452] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an apparatus including a light emitting device.

[0453] For example, the device may be a light emitting device, an authentication device, or an electronic device, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0454] [Light-emitting device]

[0455] refer to Figure 3 , the light emitting device 3 according to the embodiment will be described in more detail.

[0456] In the light emitting apparatus 3 , the color filter 340 may be positioned to intersect at least one traveling direction of light emitted from the light emitting device 1 .

[0457] The light emitting device 1 may include a first electrode 321, a first emission unit 322, a first charge generating unit, a second emission unit 323, and a second electrode 324. For example, the first emission unit 322 and the second emission unit 323 may each emit blue light, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0458] The first substrate 310 of the light emitting device 3 may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the color filter 340 may include a plurality of color filter regions (341, 342, and 343) corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, respectively. A pixel defining film 330 may be formed between the plurality of sub-pixel regions to define each sub-pixel region. The color filter 340 may include a light blocking pattern 344 between the plurality of color filter regions (341, 342, and 343).

[0459] The plurality of color filter regions (341, 342, and 343) may include a first color filter region for emitting a first color light, a second color filter region for emitting a second color light, and a third color filter region for emitting a third color light, and the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0460] In some embodiments, a plurality of color filter regions (341, 342, and 343) may each include quantum dots, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, a first color filter region may include red quantum dots, a second color filter region may include green quantum dots, and a third color filter region may not include quantum dots.

[0461] The quantum dots may each independently be the same as described above.

[0462] The first color filter region, the second color filter region, and the third color filter region may each include a scatterer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0463] In one embodiment, the light emitting device 1 may be intended to emit a first light, the first color filter area may absorb the first light to emit a first first color light, the second color filter area may absorb the first light to emit a second first color light, and the third color filter area may absorb the first light to emit a third first color light. In this regard, the first first color light, the second first color light, and the third first color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. For example, the first light may be blue light, the first first color light may be red light, the second first color light may be green light, and the third first color light may be blue light, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0464] In addition to the light emitting device 1 as described above, the light emitting device may further include a thin film transistor. The thin film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode and an active layer, wherein the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to any one of the first electrode 321 and the second electrode 324 of the light emitting device 1.

[0465] The thin film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, and the like.

[0466] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0467] The light-emitting device 3 may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be located between the color filter and the organic light-emitting device 1. The sealing portion may allow an image from the light-emitting device 1 to be realized, and may block or reduce the penetration of external air and moisture into the light-emitting device 1. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass and / or plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin film encapsulation layer including multiple organic layers and / or multiple inorganic layers. When the sealing portion is a thin film encapsulation layer, the entire flat panel display device may be flexible.

[0468] The light emitting device 3 can be used as various displays, light sources, and the like.

[0469] [Verification device]

[0470] The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device for authenticating an individual using biometric information of a biometric body (eg, fingertip, pupil, etc.).

[0471] In addition to the light emitting device, the authentication device may further include a biometric information collector.

[0472] [Electronic equipment]

[0473] The electronic device can be applied to personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notepads, electronic dictionaries, electronic game consoles, medical instruments (e.g., electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram (ECG) displays, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, or endoscope displays), fish finders, various measuring instruments, meters (e.g., meters for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), projectors, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0474] [Preparation method]

[0475] According to one aspect, a method for preparing a light-emitting device (the light-emitting device includes: a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, m emission units between the first electrode and the second electrode, and m-1 charge generation units between adjacent emission units in the emission units (wherein m is a natural number of 2 or greater, each emission unit includes an emission layer, and at least one of the charge generation units includes an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer)) includes:

[0476] forming an n-type charge generation layer including a first material and a second material,

[0477] The first material includes an organic electron transport compound, and

[0478] The second material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkali metal alloys, alkaline earth metals, alkaline earth metal alloys, lanthanide metals, and lanthanide metal alloys.

[0479] In one embodiment, the forming of the n-type charge generation layer includes forming the n-type charge generation layer from a material for the n-type charge generation layer, the material for forming the n-type charge generation layer including a first material and a second material or a precursor of the first material and the second material, and

[0480] The material for the n-type charge generation layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Bi—Li alloy, Bi—Na alloy, Tb, Ho, and Dy.

[0481] In one embodiment, the precursor to the second material may be the same as the second material, or may be different from the second material when the second material is included.

[0482] In one or more embodiments, in the formation of an n-type charge generation layer, the n-type charge generation layer may be formed of a material for an n-type charge generation layer comprising a first material and a Bi-Li alloy or a Bi-Na alloy, wherein the formed n-type charge generation layer may contain the first material and Li or Na.

[0483] In one or more embodiments, in the formation of an n-type charge generation layer, the n-type charge generation layer may be formed of a material for an n-type charge generation layer comprising a first material and a Bi-Li alloy or a Bi-Na alloy, wherein the formed n-type charge generation layer may comprise a first material and a Bi-Li alloy or a Bi-Na alloy.

[0484] When the n-type charge generation layer is configured to contain an alkali metal, the alkali metal may be easily oxidized during processing and have an increased melting point, and thus the processing temperature may increase. In this regard, when an alloy of an alkali metal and bismuth is used as the second material or the precursor of the second material as described above, the n-type charge generation layer can be stably configured and the melting point can be lowered, which is advantageous during processing.

[0485] The layers included in the emission unit and the layers included in the charge generation unit can each be formed in a set or predetermined area using one or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing and laser induced thermal imaging.

[0486] When the layers included in the emission unit and the layers included in the charge generation unit are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition temperature may be about 100° C. to about 500° C., about 10 -8 About 10 -3 Torr vacuum and approx. to about Deposition is carried out at a deposition rate of .

[0487] When the layers included in the emission unit and the layers included in the charge generation unit are formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating rate of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C. depending on the materials to be included and the structure of the layers to be formed.

[0488] [General Definition of Substituents]

[0489] As used herein, the term "C 1 -C 60 The term "alkyl group" refers to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a hexyl group. In some embodiments, C 1 -C 60 The alkyl group may be C 1 -C30 Alkyl group, C 1 -C 20 Alkyl group or C 1 -C 10 As used herein, the term "C 1 -C 60 "Alkylene group" refers to a group having 1 -C 60 Alkyl groups are divalent groups of substantially the same structure.

[0490] As used herein, the term "C 2 -C 60 "Alkenyl group" means a 2 -C 60 The alkyl group is a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminal, and non-limiting examples thereof include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. 2 -C 60 The alkenyl group may be C 2 -C 30 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 20 Alkenyl group or C 2 -C 10 As used herein, the term "C 2 -C 60 "Alkenylene group" refers to a 2 -C 60 Alkenyl groups are divalent radicals of substantially the same structure.

[0491] As used herein, the term "C 2 -C 60 "Alkynyl group" means a 2 -C 60 The alkyl group is a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminal, and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. 2 -C 60 The alkynyl group may be C 2 -C 30 Alkynyl group, C 2 -C 20 Alkynyl group or C 2 -C 10 As used herein, the term "C 2 -C 60 "Alkyne group" refers to a 2 -C 60 Alkynyl groups are divalent radicals of substantially the same structure.

[0492] As used herein, the term "C 1 -C 60 "Alkoxy group" refers to a group consisting of -OA 101 (A 101 It is C 1 -C 60 The term "alkyl group" refers to a monovalent group represented by an alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropoxy group.

[0493] As used herein, the term "C 3 -C 10 The term "cycloalkyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. 3 -C 10 "Cycloalkylene group" refers to a group having 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups are divalent groups of substantially the same structure.

[0494] As used herein, the term "C 1 -C 10 The term “heterocycloalkyl group” refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) selected from N, O, Si, P and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothienyl group. As used herein, the term “C 1 -C 10 The term "heterocycloalkylene group" refers to a 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl groups are divalent radicals of substantially the same structure.

[0495] As used herein, the term "C 3 -C 10 The term "cycloalkenyl group" as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one carbon-carbon double bond and no aromaticity in its ring, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group and a cycloheptenyl group. 3 -C 10 "Cycloalkenylene group" refers to a group having a 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups are divalent radicals of substantially the same structure.

[0496] As used herein, the term "C 1 -C 10The term "heterocycloalkenyl group" refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) selected from N, O, Si, P and S as a ring atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond in its ring. 1 -C 10 Non-limiting examples of heterocycloalkenyl groups include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl groups, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl groups, and 2,3-dihydrothienyl groups. As used herein, the term “C 1 -C 10 The term "heterocycloalkenylene group" refers to a 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl groups are divalent radicals of substantially the same structure.

[0497] As used herein, the term "C 6 -C 60 "Aryl group" refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term "C 6 -C 60 The term "arylene group" refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms. 6 -C 60 Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, anthracenyl groups, phenanthrenyl groups, pyrenyl groups and In some embodiments, C 6 -C 60 The aryl group may be C 6 -C 30 Aryl group, C 6 -C 24 Aryl group or C 6 -C 18 Aryl group. When C 6 -C 60 Aryl groups and C 6 -C 60 When the arylene groups each include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other.

[0498] As used herein, the term "C 1 -C 60 The term "heteroaryl group" refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms, at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) selected from N, O, Si, P and S as a ring-forming atom. As used herein, the term "C 1 -C 60The term "heteroarylene group" refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having, in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms, at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) selected from N, O, Si, P and S as a ring-forming atom. 1 -C 60 Non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl groups, pyrimidinyl groups, pyrazinyl groups, pyridazinyl groups, triazinyl groups, quinolyl groups, and isoquinolyl groups. 1 -C 60 The heteroaryl group may be C 1 -C 30 Heteroaryl groups, C 1 -C 24 Heteroaryl groups or C 1 -C 18 Heteroaryl group. 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl groups and C 1 -C 60 When the heteroarylene groups each include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other.

[0499] As used herein, the term "C 6 -C 60 "Aryloxy group" refers to -OA 102 (A 102 It is C 6 -C 60 aryl group), and as used herein, the term "C 6 -C 60 "Arylthio group" refers to -SA 103 (A 103 It is C 6 -C 60 aryl group).

[0500] As used herein, the term "C 1 -C 60 "Heteroaryloxy group" refers to -OA 104 (A 104 It is C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group), and as used herein, the term "C 1 -C 60 "Heteroarylthio group" refers to -SA 105 (A 105 It is C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group).

[0501] As used herein, the term "monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 8 to 30 or 8 to 24 carbon atoms) having two or more rings fused to each other, having only carbon atoms as ring atoms, and having non-aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. As used herein, the term "divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having a structure substantially the same as a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0502] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 30 or 1 to 24 carbon atoms), which has two or more rings fused to each other, has at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms) selected from N, O, Si, P and S as a ring-forming atom, and has non-aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term "divalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having a structure substantially the same as a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0503] As used herein, the term "C 5 -C 60 The term "carbocyclic group" refers to a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group containing only carbon atoms as ring atoms and consisting of 5 to 60 carbon atoms. 5 -C 60 The carbocyclic group may be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. 5 -C 60 The carbocyclic group can be a ring (e.g., benzene), a monovalent group (e.g., a phenyl group), or a divalent group (e.g., a phenylene group). In one or more than one embodiments, depending on the group attached to C 5 -C 60 The number of substituents in a carbocyclic group, C 5 -C 60 The carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a tetravalent group. 5 -C 60 The carbocyclic group may be C 5 -C 30 Carbocyclic group, C 5 -C 24 Carbocyclic group or C 5 -C 18 Carbocyclic group.

[0504] As used herein, the term "C 1 -C60 "Heterocyclic group" refers to a 5 -C 60 The carbocyclic group is a group having substantially the same structure as the carbocyclic group, but in addition to carbon (the number of carbon atoms can be 1 to 60, such as 1 to 30 or 1 to 24 carbon atoms), at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P and S is used as a ring atom (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms).

[0505] Selected from substituted C 5 -C 60 Carbocyclic groups, substituted C 1 -C 60 Heterocyclic groups, substituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkylene groups, substituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkylene groups, substituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenylene groups, substituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene groups, substituted C 6 -C 60 Arylene groups, substituted C 1 -C 60 Heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C 1 -C 60 Alkyl groups, substituted C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl groups, substituted C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl groups, substituted C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy groups, substituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, substituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl groups, substituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, substituted C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl groups, substituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl groups, substituted C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy groups, substituted C 6 -C 60 Arylthio groups, substituted C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl groups, substituted C1 -C 60 Heteroaryloxy groups, substituted C 1 -C 60 At least one substituent of the heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

[0506] Deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amidino group, hydrazine group, hydrazone group, C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl groups and C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy groups;

[0507] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl group, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl groups, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryloxy groups, C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-C(=O)(Q 11 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q12 ) at least one substituted C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl groups and C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy groups;

[0508] C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl group, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl groups, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryloxy groups, C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups;

[0509] Each is selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl group, C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl group, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6-C 60 Arylthio group, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl groups, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryloxy groups, C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 21 ) and -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) at least one substituted C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl group, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryloxy group, C 6 -C 60 Arylthio group, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl groups, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryloxy groups, C 1 -C 60 a heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

[0510] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O) 2 (Q 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q32 ),

[0511] Where Q 11 To Q 13 , Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, C 1 -C 60 Alkyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkenyl group, C 2 -C 60 Alkynyl group, C 1 -C 60 Alkoxy group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl group, C 3 -C 10 Cycloalkenyl group, C 1 -C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl group, C 6 -C 60 Aryl group, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryl group, C 1 -C 60 Heteroaryloxy group, C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group, C substituted by at least one selected from deuterium, -F and cyano group 1 -C 60 An alkyl group, a C substituted by at least one selected from deuterium, -F and a cyano group 6 -C 60 Aryl groups, biphenyl groups and terphenyl groups.

[0512] The term "Ph" as used herein refers to a phenyl group, the term "Me" as used herein refers to a methyl group, the term "Et" as used herein refers to an ethyl group, the term "tert-Bu" or "Bu" as used herein refers to an ethyl group. t ” refers to a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” as used herein refers to a methoxy group.

[0513] The term "biphenyl group" as used herein may refer to a "phenyl group substituted by a phenyl group". In other words, the "biphenyl group" may be a 6 -C60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups as substituents.

[0514] The term "terphenyl group" as used herein may refer to a "phenyl group substituted by a biphenyl group". In other words, the "terphenyl group" is a phenyl group substituted by a C 6 -C 60 Aryl-substituted C 6 -C 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups as substituents.

[0515] Unless otherwise defined, * and *' used herein each refer to a binding site to an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula.

[0516] Hereinafter, the light emitting device according to the embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

[0517] [Example]

[0518] Evaluation Example 1: Measurement of Binding Energy

[0519] The binding energy between the inorganic materials described in Table 1 and Compound N1 was calculated by molecular simulation, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0520]

[0521] [Table 1]

[0522] Inorganic materials Binding energy (eV) Bi-Li 2.24 Li 2.24 Na 1.27 K 1.24 Tb 2.55 Dy 1.28 Ho 1.75 Yb 0.42 Sm 0.44 Eu 0.75 La 1.24 Ce 1.22

[0523] Example 1

[0524] 15Ω / cm 2 ITO / Ag / ITO glass substrates (products of Corning Inc.) were cut into a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, ultrasonicated for 5 minutes each with isopropyl alcohol and pure water, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes. The obtained glass substrates were loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0525] HT3 was deposited onto the ITO / Ag / ITO anode of a glass substrate to a thickness of 1.7 nm, HT3 and CuI were co-deposited thereon in a volume ratio of 97:3 to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 10 nm, HT3 was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 24 nm, TCTA was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm, H18 and FD23 were co-deposited on the second hole transport layer in a volume ratio of 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 17 nm, T2T was deposited on the emission layer to form a first electron transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm, and TPM-TAZ and LiQ were co-deposited on the first electron transport layer in a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a second electron transport layer having a thickness of 25 nm, thereby completing the formation of the first emission unit.

[0526] Compound N1 and Bi-Li were co-deposited on the first emission unit in a volume ratio of 98:2 to form an n-type charge generation layer having a thickness of 10 nm, HT3 and NDP-9 were co-deposited on the n-type charge generation layer in a volume ratio of 90:10 to form a p-type intermediate layer having a thickness of 10 nm, and HT3 and CuI were co-deposited on the p-type intermediate layer in a volume ratio of 90:10 to form a p-type charge generation layer having a thickness of 10 nm, thereby completing the formation of the first charge generation unit.

[0527] HT3 was deposited on the first charge generation unit to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 54 nm, TCTA was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm, H18 and FD23 were co-deposited on the second hole transport layer in a volume ratio of 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 17 nm, T2T was deposited on the emission layer to form a first electron transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm, and TPM-TAZ and LiQ were co-deposited on the first electron transport layer in a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a second electron transport layer having a thickness of 25 nm, thereby completing the formation of the second emission unit.

[0528] Compound N1 and Bi-Li were co-deposited on the second emission unit in a volume ratio of 98:2 to form an n-type charge generation layer with a thickness of 10 nm, HT3 and NDP-9 were co-deposited on the n-type charge generation layer in a volume ratio of 90:10 to form a p-type intermediate layer with a thickness of 10 nm, and HT3 and CuI were co-deposited on the p-type intermediate layer in a volume ratio of 90:10 to form a p-type charge generation layer with a thickness of 10 nm, thereby completing the formation of the second charge generation unit.

[0529] HT3 is deposited on the second charge generation unit to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 44.5 nm, TCTA is deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm, H18 and FD23 are co-deposited on the second hole transport layer in a volume ratio of 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 17 nm, T2T is deposited on the emission layer to form a first electron transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm, TPM-TAZ and LiQ are co-deposited on the first electron transport layer in a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a second electron transport layer having a thickness of 35 nm, and KI and Yb are co-deposited on the second electron transport layer in a volume ratio of 95:5 to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 1.1 nm, thereby completing the formation of the third emission unit.

[0530] Ag and Mg were co-deposited on the third emission unit at a volume ratio of 9:1 to form a cathode having a thickness of 14 nm, thereby completing the fabrication of the tandem light-emitting device.

[0531]

[0532] Example 2

[0533] The light emitting device was manufactured by the same method as in Example 1, except that BiI 3 Substitutes NPD-9 to form a p-type interlayer.

[0534] Example 3

[0535] A light emitting device was manufactured using substantially the same method as in Example 1, except that Bi 2 Te 3 Substitutes NPD-9 to form a p-type interlayer.

[0536] Comparative Example 1

[0537] A light-emitting device was manufactured using substantially the same method as in Example 1, except that Yb was used instead of Li to form the n-type charge generation layer.

[0538] Evaluation Example 2

[0539] The driving voltage, driving voltage variation, current efficiency, service life, and CIE color coordinates of the light emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were measured using a Keithley SMU 236 and a luminance meter PR650, and the results are shown in Table 2. Service life (T 97 ) is the time period taken for the brightness (@400nit) to be reduced to 97% of the initial brightness (set to 100%) after the light emitting device is driven. The change in driving voltage is the difference between the initial driving voltage and the driving voltage measured after driving the light emitting device for 1000 hours.

[0540] [Table 2]

[0541]

[0542] Referring to Table 2, each of the light emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 3 has a lower driving voltage and a lower increase rate of the driving voltage, and may have a significantly improved lifespan, compared to the light emitting device manufactured according to Comparative Example 1.

[0543] The light emitting device has an optimized or improved balance of holes and electrons, so that its driving voltage is low and its efficiency and lifespan characteristics may be excellent.

[0544] As used herein, the terms "substantially," "about," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation rather than terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent variations in measurements or calculations that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0545] Any numerical range listed herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same numerical precision within the listed range. For example, the range of "1.0 to 10.0" is intended to include all sub-ranges between the listed minimum value 1.0 and the listed maximum value 10.0 (and including the end value), that is, having a minimum value equal to 1.0 or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to 10.0 or less than 10.0, such as 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical value listed herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits included therein, and any minimum numerical value listed in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limits included therein. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to modify this specification (including claims) to clearly list any sub-ranges included in the range clearly listed herein.

[0546] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects in each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.

[0547] Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m transmitting units between the first electrode and the second electrode; as well as m-1 charge generating units between adjacent emission units in the emission unit, Where m is a natural number of 2 or greater; The emission units each include an emission layer; At least one of the charge generation units includes an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer; The n-type charge generation layer comprises a first material and a second material; The first material includes an organic electron transport compound; and The second material comprises at least one selected from alkali metals, alkali metal alloys, alkaline earth metals, alkaline earth metal alloys, lanthanide metals and lanthanide metal alloys, wherein the light emitting device further comprises a p-type intermediate layer between the n-type charge generation layer and the p-type charge generation layer, wherein the p-type intermediate layer comprises a third material and a fourth material, The third material includes an organic hole transport compound, an inorganic insulating compound or any combination thereof; and The fourth material includes at least one compound selected from an organic semiconductor compound, an inorganic semiconductor compound, and an inorganic insulating compound. 2 . The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first material has a volume greater than or equal to a volume of the second material. 3 . The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a volume ratio of the first material to the second material is 99.9:0.1 to 80:

20. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a binding energy between the first material and the second material is 1.2 eV or greater. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a phenanthroline-containing compound.

6. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second material is an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy, and The n-type charge generation layer further includes bismuth. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the second material is terbium, holmium or dysprosium. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the fourth material comprises an inorganic semiconductor compound.

9. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the fourth material comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CuI, BiI3, BiCl3, BiBr3, BiF3, Bi2Te3, Te, and ZnTe.

10. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the p-type charge generation layer comprises a third material and a fifth material, The third material includes an organic hole transport compound, an inorganic insulating compound or any combination thereof, and The fifth material includes at least one compound selected from inorganic semiconductor compounds.

11. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The first electrode is an anode; The second electrode is a cathode; and The mth emitting unit is between the first electrode and the second electrode; The (m-1)th transmitting unit is between the first electrode and the (m)th transmitting unit; as well as The (m-1)th charge generating unit is between the (m)th emitting unit and the (m-1)th emitting unit. wherein the mth emission unit comprises an mth emission layer; The m-1th transmitting unit includes an m-1th transmitting layer; The m-1th hole transport region is further located between the first electrode and the m-1th emission layer; The m-1th electron transport region is further located between the m-1th emission layer and the m-1th charge generation unit; The mth hole transport region is further located between the m-1th charge generating unit and the mth emission layer; The mth electron transport region is further located between the mth emission layer and the second electrode; The mth hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer or any combination thereof; and The mth electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer or any combination thereof.

12. The light-emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the hole injection layer comprises a sixth material and a seventh material; The sixth material and the seventh material are different from each other; The sixth material comprises a lanthanide metal halide, a transition metal halide, a post-transition metal halide, tellurium, a lanthanide metal telluride, a transition metal telluride, a post-transition metal telluride, a lanthanide metal selenide, a transition metal selenide, a post-transition metal selenide, or any combination thereof; and The seventh material includes an organic hole transport compound, an alkali metal halide, an alkaline earth metal halide, a lanthanide metal halide or any combination thereof.

13. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the electron injection layer comprises an eighth material; and The eighth material includes alkali metal halide, alkaline earth metal halide, lanthanide metal halide or any combination thereof.

14. The light-emitting device of claim 13, wherein the electron injection layer further comprises a ninth material; The eighth material and the ninth material are different from each other; and The ninth material includes alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, lanthanide metal or any combination thereof.

15. The light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the hole transport layer is in direct contact with the emission layer; The hole transport layer comprises a tenth material; and The tenth material includes at least one selected from organic hole transport compounds.

16. The light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the electron transport layer is in direct contact with the emission layer; The electron transport layer further comprises a twelfth material; and The twelfth material includes at least one selected from organic electron transport compounds.

17. A method for manufacturing the light emitting device of claim 1, the method comprising: forming the n-type charge generation layer including the first material and the second material, forming the p-type intermediate layer including the third material and the fourth material on the n-type charge generation layer, and The p-type charge generation layer is formed on the p-type intermediate layer.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the forming the n-type charge generation layer comprises forming the n-type charge generation layer from a material for the n-type charge generation layer, the material for forming the n-type charge generation layer comprising the first material and the second material or precursors of the first material and the second material, The material for the n-type charge generation layer includes at least one selected from Bi-Li alloy, Bi-Na alloy, Tb, Ho and Dy.

19. Equipment, including: A thin film transistor comprising a source electrode, a drain electrode and an active layer; and the light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, The first electrode of the light emitting device is electrically connected to one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

20. The device of claim 19, further comprising a color filter, wherein the color filter is positioned to intersect a path of light emission from the light emitting device.

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