Body compression system

Abstract

A body compression system for applying compression to a patient positioned on a support surface has a cover and a gas supply system. The cover includes a flexible sheet arranged in at least two layers to define an interior region therebetween, an access aperture to the interior region, and a restraint to position and restrain an edge portion of the flexible sheet in use. The layers are repositionable relative to one another such that the sheet can assume a deflated state of minimum volume of the interior region. In use of the body compression system, the flexible sheet of the cover is draped over the patient, the flexible sheet is restrained relative to the support surface by the restraint, and the gas supply system is operable to deliver gas to increase the volume of the interior region from the deflated state and establish an elevated pressure within the interior region to compress the patient between a rear layer of the cover and the support surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a body pressure system. More specifically, this invention relates to a system for applying pressure to a patient to provide treatment and / or assistance in medical interventions or research. Background Technology

[0002] In some cases, it may be desirable to apply pressure to treatment and / or assist in medical interventions or investigations. Pressure may be advantageous in terms of the internal fluid pressure or distribution within a patient's body. Furthermore, pressure may be beneficial for the local immobilization of a patient to reduce discomfort and / or prevent the condition from worsening.

[0003] As an example of treating blood pressure in a human or animal (hereinafter referred to as "the patient"), it may be necessary to increase the patient's venous blood pressure based on adverse signs or as part of a research or surgical procedure. It is well known that a decrease in venous blood pressure is detrimental to the heart's ability to pump blood to the arterial side of the cardiovascular system. This is because cardiac output is directly related to venous return, which in turn depends on venous blood pressure.

[0004] In many cases, a drop in venous blood pressure can be attributed to loss of blood volume (due to internal or external bleeding) and / or venous dilation. Venous dilation can be caused by a variety of conditions, including sepsis, allergic reactions, spinal cord injury, and drug interactions.

[0005] Currently known drug treatments for acute, severe venous dilatation are limited and ineffective. For example, in cases of anaphylactic reactions, epinephrine administration can increase peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac function, but does not increase venous tone. Therefore, the primary treatment approach involves epinephrine administration, intravenous fluids, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and time.

[0006] In surgical procedures, approximately 1 in 10,000 patients experiences an allergic reaction to medications used during the procedure. Compared to typical allergic reactions caused by oral or contact allergens, allergic reactions in the surgical setting are often rapid in onset and severe. Furthermore, when a patient experiences an allergic reaction to intravenously administered medications, the histamine released in response to the allergen causes widespread venous dilation, resulting in a larger volume of blood filling the veins and less blood volume to generate venous pressure. This drop in venous pressure reduces venous return and cardiac output, often leading to anaphylactic shock, which, despite common treatment strategies, has a reported mortality rate of 4%.

[0007] The above problems need to be addressed, and / or at least useful alternatives need to be provided. Summary of the Invention

[0008] A body pressure system is provided for applying pressure to a patient located on a support surface, the body pressure system comprising:

[0009] Cover, having:

[0010] A flexible sheet, arranged in at least two layers to define an internal region therebetween, the layers being repositionable relative to each other, such that the sheet can exhibit a minimally vented internal region.

[0011] An entrance opening leads to the interior area;

[0012] One or more restraints, in use, position and restrain the edge portion of a flexible sheet relative to a supporting surface, such that at least a portion of the patient's body is positioned between the supporting surface and the flexible sheet; and

[0013] A gas supply system having an outlet connected to or connectable to an inlet port, the gas supply system being configured to deliver gas through the outlet.

[0014] Among them, in the use of body pressure systems:

[0015] The flexible sheet of the cover is placed over the patient to provide a back layer that comes into contact with the patient and a front layer that is separated from the patient by the back layer.

[0016] The flexible sheet is constrained relative to the supporting surface by restraints, and

[0017] The gas supply system can be operated to deliver gas through the inlet port to increase the volume of the internal region from a deflated state and build up increased pressure within the internal region, thereby compressing the patient between the back layer of the covering and the support surface.

[0018] In at least some embodiments, the gas supply system further includes one or more of the following:

[0019] The containment is configured to contain pressurized gas, and a gas distribution circuit interconnects the containment with the exhaust port;

[0020] A pump having a discharge port through which gas is discharged; and

[0021] An inflow connector and a gas distribution circuit are included, which interconnects the outlet with an independently supplied pressurized gas via the gas distribution circuit.

[0022] When using the body pressurization system, the gas supply system can operate to deliver gas to the cover at a first flow rate and a second flow rate, wherein the first flow rate is higher than the second flow rate, and wherein the gas supply system is configured to deliver gas at the second flow rate when the pressure in the internal area is higher than atmospheric pressure.

[0023] A cover for applying pressure to a patient located on a support surface is also provided, the cover comprising:

[0024] A flexible sheet, arranged in at least two layers to define an internal region therebetween, the layers being repositionable relative to each other, such that the sheet can exhibit a minimally vented internal region; and

[0025] An entrance hole leads to the interior area.

[0026] When using cover parts:

[0027] A flexible sheet in a deflated state is placed over the patient to provide a back layer that contacts the patient and a front layer that separates the patient from the back layer.

[0028] The flexible sheet is constrained relative to the supporting surface, and

[0029] Gas is introduced into the inner region through the inlet hole to increase the volume of the inner region from the deflated state and build up increased pressure within the inner region, thereby compressing the patient between the back layer of the cover and the support surface.

[0030] Preferably, when using a body compression system, a portion of the posterior layer conforms to the patient, and the anterior layer is expanded as increased pressure is established in the internal regions.

[0031] Preferably, the cover includes a constraint member that constrains the flexible sheet to the support surface.

[0032] In at least some embodiments, the restraints are secured to a flexible sheet. In some embodiments, each restraint is configured to surround a support surface. In these embodiments, each restraint may include a releasable coupling. The releasable coupling may be a hook-and-loop fastener material. In some alternative embodiments, the releasable coupling is a quick-release buckle. Each restraint may include a length adjustment element.

[0033] The cover can include an inner layer that provides a rear layer when the cover is used and an outer layer that provides a front layer when the cover is used. An inlet hole can be formed in the outer layer. In embodiments where constraints are secured to the flexible sheet, at least some of the constraints are secured to the outer layer.

[0034] The inner layer may include one or more pleats extending along the length of the cover. Alternatively or additionally, the inner layer may be made of a flexible sheet that has greater elasticity than the material of the outer layer in at least one direction. In some embodiments, the inner layer is made of a flexible sheet that has greater elasticity than the flexible sheet of the outer layer, at least in the transverse direction of the cover. The outer layer may be made of a flexible sheet comprising low-elasticity strands. Alternatively or additionally, the cover may include one or more elongated members configured to support circumferential stress from the outer layer along one or more directions when pressure increases in the inner region.

[0035] Preferably, the outer layer is made of a substantially inelastic flexible sheet. In some embodiments, the outer layer is made of a flexible sheet comprising a woven material and a coating that reduces the porosity of the woven material. In some embodiments, the inner layer is made of a flexible sheet comprising a woven material and a coating that reduces the porosity of the woven material. The outer layer can be formed of a material with lower air permeability than the material of the inner layer.

[0036] The flexible sheet can include an upper periphery and a lower periphery, such that when the cover is used, the lower periphery is farther from the patient's head than the upper periphery. In some embodiments, the cover is wider at the upper periphery than at the lower periphery. Alternatively or additionally, the width of the cover gradually tapers away from the upper periphery.

[0037] Preferably, the cover has one or more markings to facilitate positioning the flexible sheet relative to the patient at a designated location.

[0038] The layers of the flexible sheet can be arranged to form a perimeter different from the inner region. In some embodiments, at least some perimeters of the inner region are internally spaced from the perimeters of the outer layer.

[0039] The cover can be made from individual sheets of flexible sheeting joined at the periphery of the inner area.

[0040] In some embodiments, the layers of the flexible sheet are bonded at the periphery by at least one of the following: plastic welding, adhesive, or stitching. In examples where the layers of the flexible sheet are bonded at the periphery by stitching, the cover also includes a seam-sealing material across or within the seam.

[0041] In some embodiments, the inlet orifice is part of an inlet connector, and the outlet is part of an outlet connector interconnected with the inlet connector. The inlet connector may include a normally closed inlet valve. In some embodiments, connecting the outlet connector to the inlet connector causes the inlet valve to open. In some alternative embodiments, the inlet valve includes an actuator operable to open the inlet valve.

[0042] The cover may include multiple inlet holes.

[0043] In some embodiments, the cover includes one or more partitions of a flexible sheet that divide the interior region into two or more bags, wherein the partitions inhibit the flow of gas between the bags, and wherein one of the inlet openings leads to the interior region within each respective bag.

[0044] In at least some embodiments, the flexible sheet of the cover is configured to be in a deflated state when it is placed over a patient.

[0045] The cover may include an overpressure relief valve to release excess pressure from the interior area to the atmosphere. In some embodiments, the overpressure relief valve opens when the internal pressure within the interior area exceeds a predetermined pressure. In some examples, the predetermined pressure is 60 cm water or less.

[0046] A gas supply system for use with the body pressurization system's covering is also provided, the flowable material supply system comprising:

[0047] The outlet is connected to or can be connected to the inlet hole of the cover.

[0048] One or more of the following:

[0049] The pump is connected to the discharge port via a conduit;

[0050] The containment vessel, connected to the exhaust port via a gas distribution circuit, is configured to contain pressurized gas; and

[0051] A gas distribution circuit includes an inlet connector interconnected with an independently supplied pressurized gas, and one or more conduits that guide the gas from the inlet connector to an outlet.

[0052] When using this gas supply system within a body pressurization system:

[0053] The gas supply system can operate to deliver gas to the cover at a first flow rate and a second flow rate, wherein the first flow rate is higher than the second flow rate, and

[0054] The gas supply system is configured to deliver gas at a second flow rate when the pressure in the internal region is higher than a predetermined pressure.

[0055] In some embodiments of the gas supply system that include a pump, the pump preferably includes:

[0056] An electric motor is connected to a rotor that can rotate to expel gas from the inlet through a chamber housed within the rotor to the outlet.

[0057] The discharge connector interconnects the discharge port and the complementary connector that communicates with the inlet hole of the cover.

[0058] At least one of a flow sensor and a pressure sensor located between the chamber and the outlet;

[0059] A controller that controls the operation of an electric motor, the controller being configured to receive information from a flow sensor and / or a pressure sensor, and in response to the received information, drive the electric motor to change the gas flow rate toward the outlet; and

[0060] At least one of a self-contained power source and a connector that connects the pump to an independent power source, which provides power to the electric motor.

[0061] The controller can be configured to allow the pump to operate at a first flow rate to expand the cover, and to operate at a second flow rate to establish and / or maintain elevated pressure in the internal region, the first flow rate being higher than the second flow rate.

[0062] In some embodiments, the controller is configured such that, upon initialization, the controller is set to first drive the electric motor to supply gas to the outlet at a first flow rate.

[0063] In some embodiments, the controller is configured such that, upon initialization, the controller drives an electric motor to supply gas to an outlet at a first flow rate for a predetermined time period. In some embodiments where the pump includes a flow sensor, the controller is configured such that, upon initialization, the controller drives the electric motor to supply gas to the outlet at a first flow rate to discharge a predetermined amount of gas, and subsequently drives the electric motor to supply gas to the outlet at a flow rate reaching a second flow rate. In some embodiments where the pump includes a pressure sensor, the controller is configured such that, when the sensed pressure is at or below a predetermined threshold pressure, the controller drives the electric motor to supply gas to the outlet at a first flow rate to discharge a predetermined amount of gas, and when the sensed pressure is above the predetermined threshold pressure, the controller drives the electric motor to supply gas to the outlet at a flow rate reaching a second flow rate.

[0064] In at least some embodiments, the controller has a predetermined setpoint pressure and is configured to operate an electric motor to change the flow rate of gas toward the outlet to maintain the pressure within the interior area of ​​the cover at the setpoint pressure. Preferably, the pump has an input user interface that allows a user to set the predetermined setpoint pressure. Alternatively or additionally, the setpoint pressure is adjustable during pump operation.

[0065] Preferably, the pump has a default setpoint pressure, and the controller initializes with a predetermined setpoint pressure as the default setpoint pressure.

[0066] In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold pressure is less than the setpoint pressure. Alternatively or additionally, the predetermined threshold pressure is a proportion of the setpoint pressure.

[0067] In some embodiments of the body pressurization system, the gas supply system includes an electric pump:

[0068] The pump includes an outlet connector forming a discharge port, and an electronic switch that operates to start the pump's electric motor; and

[0069] The cover includes a conduit, a first end of which is interconnected with a flexible sheet to access an inlet orifice, and a second end of which includes an inlet connector releasably connected to an outflow connector.

[0070] The action of connecting the inlet connector to the outlet connector activates the electronic switch.

[0071] Preferably, the inlet connector and the outlet connector are configured such that increased pressure within the conduit biases the inlet connector and the outlet connector into a connected state. Alternatively or additionally, the pump may include a spring positioned to bias the inlet connector and the outlet connector into the connected state.

[0072] In at least one embodiment, the inlet connector and the outlet connector form a bayonet, and the electronic switch is positioned relative to the outlet connector so as to be actuated after a first action of engaging the inlet connector and the outlet connector is completed. Alternatively or additionally, the electronic switch is positioned relative to the outlet connector so as to be actuated during a first action of disengaging the inlet connector and the outlet connector.

[0073] In some embodiments where the gas supply system includes a containment structure, the gas supply system further includes:

[0074] An exhaust flow regulator regulates the gas flow rate from the containment to the exhaust outlet. This regulator is configured such that:

[0075] When the pressure within the internal region is equal to or lower than the threshold pressure, the gas is discharged to the outlet at a flow rate reaching the first flow velocity.

[0076] When the pressure within the internal region is higher than the threshold pressure but lower than the predetermined pressure and / or the selected setpoint pressure, the gas is discharged to the outlet at a flow rate that reaches the second flow rate.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first flow rate corresponds to the substantially unregulated gas discharge from the containment to the outlet.

[0078] In some embodiments, the discharge flow regulator has a plurality of pneumatic valves in fluid communication with an interior region via inlet orifices and outlet orifices, wherein each valve is operable to open at a unique threshold pressure. The discharge flow regulator may include a first-stage regulator and a second-stage regulator, wherein the first-stage regulator, when open, regulates the flow rate of gas exiting the containment at a first flow rate, and the second-stage regulator regulates the flow rate of gas toward the outlet at a second flow rate when the pressure within the interior region exceeds a predetermined pressure, wherein the predetermined pressure is less than a setpoint pressure.

[0079] In some alternative embodiments, the discharge flow regulator includes:

[0080] One or more electric valves;

[0081] At least one of a flow sensor and a pressure sensor located between the chamber and the outlet;

[0082] An electronic controller that controls the operation of a valve, the controller being configured to receive information from a flow sensor and / or a pressure sensor and operate the valve in response to the received information; and

[0083] At least one of a self-contained power source and an independent power source, which provides power to the electronic controller.

[0084] A cover for applying pressure to a patient located on a support surface is also provided, the cover comprising:

[0085] A flexible sheet, arranged in at least two layers to define an internal region therebetween, the layers being repositionable relative to each other so that the sheet can present a vented state with minimal volume of the internal region;

[0086] Compressible open-pore material contained within the internal area;

[0087] An entrance opening leads to the interior area;

[0088] An inlet valve, operable to selectively allow air through an inlet port; and

[0089] A constraint element, used to hold the flexible sheet material to a support surface, has an adjustable length.

[0090] When using cover parts:

[0091] The inlet valve opens to allow compressible open-pore material to fill the interior area, and then the inlet valve closes to isolate the interior area from the atmosphere;

[0092] The cover is placed on the patient to provide a back layer that contacts the patient and a front layer that is spaced apart from the patient by the back layer.

[0093] The restraint is used to constrain the flexible sheet relative to the support surface, and the length of the restraint is adjusted to establish tension in the front layer, thereby establishing increased pressure in the inner region, thus compressing the patient between the back layer of the cover and the support surface.

[0094] In these embodiments, the cover includes at least one overpressure relief valve to release excess pressure from the interior area into the atmosphere. Attached Figure Description

[0095] To facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, embodiments will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0096] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a body pressurization system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A plan view of the front side of the body pressurization system's cover.

[0098] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Plan view of the rear side of the cover;

[0099] Figure 4 It is along Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the body pressurization system observed from line AA;

[0100] Figure 5 It is along Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the body pressurization system observed by line BB in the diagram;

[0101] Figure 6 It is along Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the body pressurization system observed from line AA, showing the cover in the deflated state;

[0102] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of the pump in the body pressurization system;

[0103] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A view of the user interface for the pump in the body pressurization system;

[0104] Figure 9 It is shown Figure 1 A graph showing the change in the filler volume of the body pressurization system's coverings and the pressure in the internal areas relative to time;

[0105] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a gas supply system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0106] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of a gas supply system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0107] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a body pressurization system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0108] Figure 13 This is a plan view of the front side of the cover of the body pressurization system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention; and

[0109] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 Plan view of the rear side of the cover. Detailed Implementation

[0110] Figures 1 to 6 A body pressure system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The pressure system 10 in use applies pressure to a patient P located on a support surface S, which may be, for example, the upper surface of an operating table.

[0111] The pressurization system 10 has a cover 12 and a flowable material supply system, which in this embodiment takes the form of a pump 14. The cover 12 has a flexible sheet arranged in layers 16 and 18. An internal region 20 is defined between layers 16 and 18. Because the sheets of layers 16 and 18 are flexible, the layers can be repositioned relative to each other. In this way, the sheet of the cover 12 can present a vented state with minimal volume for the internal region 20. Figure 6 The cover 12 is schematically shown in a deflated state and covering the patient P. In this particular embodiment, the flexible sheet of the cover 12 is arranged to form a rear layer 16 and a front layer 18, the rear layer 16 being in contact with the patient P when the cover 12 is covering the patient P, and the front layer 18 being spaced apart from the patient P through the rear layer 16.

[0112] Figure 2 The front side of the cover 12 is shown, which is therefore the front layer 18. Figure 3 The rear side of the cover 12 is shown, which is therefore the rear layer 16.

[0113] like Figure 2 As shown, the cover 12 also has an inlet connector 22 within the front layer 18. The inlet connector 22 defines an inlet opening leading to the inner region 20. The pump 14 has an outlet pipe 24, which, in this particular embodiment, is releasably connectable to the inlet connector 22. Thus, gas from the pump 14 is delivered to the inner region 20 through the outlet pipe 24.

[0114] In this example, pump 14 has an air inlet (not shown) for drawing in air and a rotor (not shown) that can rotate to discharge gas from the air inlet through a chamber (not shown) housing the rotor to an outlet.

[0115] The pressurization system includes a constraint 26, which is positioned relative to the support surface S and constrains the lateral edge portion of the flexible sheet of the cover 12. In this particular embodiment, the constraint 26 is integral with the cover 12. Figure 1 and Figures 4 to 6 In the middle, the restraint 26 extends below the operating table and thus around the operating table.

[0116] When using the body pressurization system 10, the deflated cover 12 is placed over the patient P, such that the rear layer 16 contacts the patient P and the support surface S. The front layer 18 faces outward and away from the patient P. The cover 12 is constrained relative to the support surface S by the restraint 26. The pump 14 is then operated to deliver air through the inlet orifice to increase the volume of the internal region 20 from the deflated state. Once the internal region 20 has been filled to its usable capacity, the pump 14 establishes increased pressure within the internal region 20. The pressure difference between the internal region 20 and the surrounding atmosphere, and the tension generated in the restraint 26, compress the patient P between the rear layer 16 of the cover 12 and the support surface S. Due to the flexibility of the sheet, the rear layer 16 at least partially conforms to the patient's body. In this respect, it should be understood that air gaps will exist in certain areas between the patient P and the cover due to various factors, and in some cases, air gaps will also exist between the support surfaces S. Despite these air gaps, the pressure exerted by the cover 12 is substantially distributed around the outer surface of the patient's body facing away from the support surface S.

[0117] like Figure 1 As shown, when the cover 12 is in its deflated state and covers the patient P, the upper edge 28 of the cover 12 should be approximately flush with the patient's xiphoid process. The lower edge 30 of the cover 12 (the edge furthest from the patient's head) will be positioned on the patient at a location determined by the patient's height P and the length of the cover 12. To facilitate the correct and optimal positioning of the cover 12 on the patient, the front layer 18 of the cover 12 has markings 32 to aid in positioning the flexible sheet relative to the patient at designated locations. Figure 2 As shown, in this example, the marking 32 consists of the word "XIPHISTERNUM" and an arrow with its tip pointing towards the center of the upper edge 28. In the example shown, the lower edge 30 of the cover 12 is located proximally to the patient's ankle.

[0118] It is evident that when the cover 12 expands and pressurizes, the pressurization system 10 applies pressure to compress the patient P and effectively “squeeze” the portion of the patient’s body beneath the flexible sheet. Depending on the magnitude of the pressure applied by the pressurization system 10, several advantages can be obtained by using the pressurization system 10. For patients experiencing extensive venous dilation, compression in this manner can increase venous return, thereby increasing cardiac output. Preliminary trials have shown that compression achieved by a pneumatic pressure within the internal region 20 reaching and including 60 cm water (hereinafter referred to as “cm H2O”) is beneficial for redistributing venous blood to restore functional cardiac output with venous dilation. In this respect, preliminary trials have shown that compression achieved by a pneumatic pressure within the internal region 20 in the range of 15 to 45 cm water (hereinafter referred to as “cm H2O”) is particularly advantageous. Furthermore, trials have shown that compression achieved by a pneumatic pressure within the internal region 20 in the range of 25 to 35 cm water (hereinafter referred to as “cm H2O”) may be very effective in treating venous dilation.

[0119] In the example shown, the compressed areas for patient P are their abdomen and legs. A large portion of a person's venous blood is stored in the abdomen and legs. Figure 1 As shown, the use of the pressurization system 10 on a patient can redistribute the patient's venous blood to their head and chest areas.

[0120] For example, if a patient experiences an allergic reaction to intravenously administered anesthetic drugs during surgery, the allergen may have already been rapidly transported through their bloodstream. The widespread presence of the allergen can induce a histamine response throughout most of the body. Subsequent venous dilation will rapidly lower venous blood pressure, which reduces venous return and thus limits cardiac output. In severe cases, widespread venous dilation can lead to patient death. The use of a compression system 10 facilitates the treatment of allergic reactions in this situation by redistributing venous blood, thus preventing cardiac arrest due to reduced cardiac output. By stabilizing the patient with external pressure, the patient's natural histamine response (which may increase the need for epinephrine infusion) has sufficient time to reverse the allergic reaction. In other words, in the treatment of allergic reactions, a body compression system provides additional care for the use of epinephrine, intravenous infusion, and timing.

[0121] It is understood that the pressure system 10 of this embodiment utilizes the support surface S on which the patient P lies to apply pressure. This has the significant advantage of minimizing the need to move the patient during the coordination of the cover and the patient, even if it is not eliminated.

[0122] For patients suffering certain injuries, such as internal venous bleeding due to a pelvic fracture, applying pressure using the compression system 10 of this embodiment can limit venous bleeding in the abdomen and / or lower extremities. It is evident that limiting venous bleeding can improve the prognosis of recovery after injury. For example, pelvic fractures are often accompanied by internal bleeding, in some cases due to venous circulation issues. Since pelvic fractures are usually the result of accidental injury, the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) team will first stabilize the patient at the accident site before transporting them to a hospital. During patient transport, it may be necessary to introduce fluids to compensate for venous bleeding and maintain venous return. The EMS team can use the body compression system according to an embodiment of the invention during transport to limit venous bleeding and then limit the required fluid resuscitation. To do this, the patient can be placed on an EMS stretcher, the cover of the compression system can be placed over the patient, and the patient can be restrained on the EMS stretcher using the system's restraints. Once the flexible sheet is inflated and compressed, the cover works in conjunction with the stretcher to compress the patient, which limits the extent of venous bleeding.

[0123] It will be understood that the pressurization system of this embodiment can be used alternatively or additionally for transporting patients with other injuries. A particular advantage is that the pressure enhances the stability of the patient relative to the supporting surface they are situated on, which helps to limit patient discomfort.

[0124] Another advantage of using a pressurization system during transport is that the pressurization system operates similarly to the safety restraints that are typically fitted to patients during transport.

[0125] To facilitate movement of the rear layer 18 during expansion, the rear layer 18 is provided with a pair of pleats 35. Each pleat 35 extends in the length direction of the cover 12.

[0126] It is understood that the available capacity of the internal region (in other words, the maximum available volume) depends on several factors, including the size of the patient P (especially their waist circumference), the geometry of the support surface S and the anterior layer 16, and the elasticity of the anterior layer 16. In some embodiments, the anterior layer 16 can be made of a substantially inelastic flexible sheet. This has the advantages of minimizing stretching of the anterior layer, thereby increasing the available capacity, avoiding changes in the permeability of the anterior layer (which can occur in some materials when stretched), and / or minimizing the possibility of tearing of the anterior layer material.

[0127] In one example, the front layer 16 is made of a flexible sheet comprising a woven material and a coating that reduces the porosity of the woven material. The coating can be, for example, a polymer coating, such as a polyurethane or acrylic material, which can be applied to the woven material during the sheet's manufacturing process. These polymer coatings can help to block the pores in the sheet, thereby limiting air permeability. Similarly, for the back layer 18...

[0128] In this particular embodiment, the cover 12 is wider at its upper periphery 28 than at its lower periphery 30. Furthermore, the width of the cover 12 gradually tapers away from the upper periphery 28. This has the advantage of maximizing the contact surface between the cover 12 and the patient P, while minimizing the maximum volume of the internal region 20.

[0129] In the example shown, layers 16 and 18 of the cover 12 are made of separate sheets of flexible sheet joined at the periphery of the inner region 20. In this way, layers 16 and 18 of flexible sheet are formed at different peripheries of the inner region 20.

[0130] The constraint member 26 is fixed to the flexible sheet of the cover member 12. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the length of each constraint 26 is greater than the length required to surround the support surface S when lying on it. Each constraint 26 has a releasable coupling, which in this embodiment is in the form of hook-and-loop fastener materials 34, 36. In this example, the hook material 34 is disposed on a portion of the “free” portion of the constraint 26. The loop material 36 is disposed across the entire width of the flexible sheet material and on the outer surface of the front layer 18.

[0131] To facilitate the securing of the cover 12 to the bed providing the support surface S, an annular handle 38 is provided at the end of each restraint 26. When positioning and securing the cover 12, the “free” portion of each restraint 26 passes beneath the support surface S and is then positioned such that the hook-and-loop fastener materials 34, 36 are interconnected. Two surgical nurses can quickly pass the annular handle 38 beneath the patient P and the support surface S while the cover 12 is being assembled.

[0132] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of the components of the pump 14 in the body pressurization system 10.

[0133] The pump 14 in this embodiment includes a brushless DC electric blower 40. Within the electric blower 40 is an electric motor connected to a rotor that can rotate within the chamber. The electric blower 40 causes air drawn in from the inlet 42 by the rotation of the rotor to pass through the chamber and be discharged to the outlet 44. As previously described, the pump 14 includes an outlet pipe 24, and in this particular embodiment, the outlet 44 is formed at the inner end of the outlet pipe 24, which is permanently connected to the pump housing. At the outer end of the outlet pipe 24, the pump 14 has a discharge connector (not shown) that interconnects the outlet with a (complementary) inlet connector 22, which communicates with the inlet hole of the cover 12.

[0134] Pump 14 includes a flow sensor 46 and a pressure sensor 48 located between the chamber and the outlet of pump 14. The flow sensor 46 measures the flow rate of air discharged from pump 14. The information obtained from the flow sensor 46 allows for the determination of the filling volume of the internal region 20 of the cover 12 with at least sufficient accuracy. The pressure sensor 48 measures the pressure of the air discharged from pump 14. It should be understood that this air pressure is substantially similar to the internal pressure within the internal region 20.

[0135] Pump 14 also has a controller 50 for controlling the operation of the electric blower 40. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the controller 50 is configured to receive information from the flow sensor 46 and the pressure sensor 48. Therefore, the controller 50 can change the speed of the electric motor in response to the received information, thereby changing the flow rate of air toward the outlet.

[0136] In this particular embodiment, pump 14 is also a self-contained power source, which in this embodiment is a non-isolated power source 52, such as a battery. An electrical connector (not shown) is also provided to connect the pump to an independent power source, such as AC mains power. The electrical connector connects to an isolated AC / DC power source 54. In this way, pump 14 can be powered by either a battery or AC mains power.

[0137] The controller 50 of this embodiment is configured such that the pump 14 can operate at a first flow rate to inflate the cover 12, and at a second flow rate to establish and / or maintain elevated pressure within the inner region 20. The first flow rate is higher than the second flow rate. In particular, the first flow rate can be used to provide a large volumetric flow rate to the inner region 20, which enables the cover 12 to inflate rapidly. Once the maximum usable capacity of the inner region 20 is reached, the pump 14 can then operate at a second flow rate to establish and / or maintain elevated pressure within the inner region 20. It should be understood that the second flow rate can ideally be matched to the amount of air leakage in the cover 12, and in embodiments where the amount of air leakage is negligible, the pump 14 can operate from a near-zero flow rate.

[0138] Once the maximum available capacity of the internal region 20 has been reached, the controller 50 can operate in a cyclical manner, alternating between a second flow rate and no output, to maintain the elevated pressure. Alternatively, the controller 50 can utilize a feedback loop control system, where the second flow rate is adjusted based on input from the pressure sensor 48 and, in some cases, also based on input from the flow sensor 46.

[0139] The controller 50 can also be configured such that, upon initialization, the electric blower 40 is first actuated to supply air to the outlet at a first flow rate. In this way, the controller 50 operates under the initialization assumption that the cover 12 is in its venting state. An atmospheric pressure sensor 47 is also provided, which enables the comparison of atmospheric pressure (obtained by the atmospheric pressure sensor) with data obtained by the pressure sensor 48, specifically the pressure difference between atmospheric pressure and the pressure at the outlet of the electric blower 40.

[0140] Figure 9 It is a diagram showing the change over time of the filling volume of the cover 12 (shown as a solid line in the diagram and indicated by arrow V) and the internal region pressure (shown as a dashed line in the diagram and indicated by arrow D) on the horizontal axis. Figure 9 The flow rate of the air discharged by pump 14 is also shown (shown as a dotted line in the illustration and indicated by arrow F).

[0141] At time T = 0, the cover 12 is in its vented state, so both the filling volume V and the internal pressure D are zero. Time T = 0 represents the time when the gas supply system is activated. In this example, the gas supply system supplies air to the cover 12 at a substantially constant high flow rate between time T = 0 and time T = t1. Therefore, during this time period, the cover 12 expands at a substantially constant rate (which is the higher initial flow rate of pump 14), and the filling volume V increases substantially linearly from zero to a volume close to the maximum usable capacity.

[0142] At time T = t1, the cover 12 approaches its available capacity, therefore, between time T = t1 and time T = t2, the internal region pressure D increases non-linearly from zero to a rising pressure. Thus, during this period, the internal region 20 of the cover 12 is pressurized to the rising pressure and the pump 14 operates at a lower second flow rate.

[0143] After time T = t2, the internal region pressure D will remain at the increased pressure. It should be understood that, in the absence of air flowing into the internal region 20, the air leaking from the cover 12 will cause the pressure within the internal region 20 to decrease over time. Therefore, after time T = t2, pump 14 operates at a flow rate reaching the second flow velocity.

[0144] In this example, controller 50 is configured such that when the pressure sensed from pressure sensor 48 exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure, controller 50 actuates electric blower 40 to switch the exhaust air flow rate from a first flow rate to a second flow rate. In this example, the predetermined threshold pressure is sensed at time T = t1.

[0145] It should be understood that Figure 9The illustration is merely schematic and shows one way in which pump 14 can be operated.

[0146] like Figure 7 As shown, pump 14 has a user interface 55, which includes an input user interface 56 that enables the user to operate the pump and an output user interface 58 that provides the user with visual information to determine the operating status of pump 14. Figure 8 As shown, in one example, the user interface 55 includes a touchscreen display.

[0147] like Figure 8 As shown, the user interface 55 allows the user to set a predetermined setpoint pressure, which is the desired maximum pressure rise in the internal region 20. The user interface 58 allows the user to adjust the setpoint pressure during pump 14 operation. For this purpose, the user interface 55 has a "Quick Start" input 80, which allows the pump operation to be selected for initial setpoint pressures of 20 cm H2O, 40 cm H2O, and 60 cm H2O. The setpoint pressure can be adjusted by decreasing it using the pressure decrease input 82 or increasing it using the pressure decrease input 84. The user can immediately stop the operation of the electric blower 40 using the "Stop" input 88.

[0148] The output user interface 58 portion of the user interface 55 displays "Set Pressure" in the display area 86. Furthermore, the output user interface 58 portion of the user interface 55 includes a pump operation parameter display portion 90, which includes digital gauges and values ​​for each sensed pressure (via pressure sensor 48), the rotational speed of the electric blower 40, and the temperature of the air flowing through the electric blower 40.

[0149] In this particular embodiment, the output user interface 58 also provides information audibly via a speaker, allowing the user to determine the operating status of the pump 14 from the speaker.

[0150] It should be understood that the pressurization system of embodiments of the present invention can be used in the treatment of other conditions, including (but not limited to) distributive shock, hypotension, and external venous bleeding in the abdomen and / or lower extremities. It should be understood that the level of compression associated with internal pressure in internal areas can vary depending on many factors, including (but not limited to) the condition being treated, the immediate event being treated, and the patient's personal information.

[0151] Furthermore, compression is known to be beneficial in controlling lactic acid buildup in soft tissues. Pressurization systems according to certain embodiments may be effective in motor rehabilitation. In these embodiments, it may be desirable to cool the air delivered to the internal region to provide the dual benefits of compression and cryotherapy. In these cases, the pressurization system can include a heat exchanger configured to reduce the temperature of the air delivered to the internal region. These embodiments can include an air return line from the cover to the pump inlet. The gas supply system may optionally include an atmospheric inlet and a valve that switches the intake of air from the atmosphere and from the air return line into the pump. The heat exchanger can be located on any air return line, the pump inlet downstream of the valve, and the air exhaust line from the pump to the cover. In this way, the air within the internal region of the cover can be maintained at a temperature below ambient temperature.

[0152] Figure 10 A gas supply system 114 according to another embodiment is schematically illustrated. The gas supply system 114 includes a containment housing and an exhaust flow regulator, the containment housing being in the form of a gas cylinder 160 in this embodiment. The exhaust flow regulator is configured to regulate the gas flow rate from the gas cylinder 160 to an exhaust port 144. The gas supply system 114 also includes conduits, such as hoses, that interconnect various components of the gas supply system 114. Figure 10 (Not shown in the image). The gas supply system 114 also includes a discharge connector (not shown) that interconnects the discharge outlet 144 with a (complementary) inlet connector that communicates with the inlet hole of the cover.

[0153] The regulator is configured to discharge gas to outlet 144:

[0154] a. When the pressure within the internal region is within a first pressure range that includes atmospheric pressure and reaches a threshold pressure, a flow rate is achieved to a first flow velocity; and

[0155] b. When the pressure within the internal region is within a second pressure range that is higher than a threshold pressure and a predetermined pressure and / or a selected setpoint pressure, a second flow rate is achieved, which is lower than the first flow rate.

[0156] The preset pressure / selected setpoint pressure is greater than the threshold pressure; and the threshold pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

[0157] In the illustrated embodiment, the regulator includes a first-stage regulator 162 that reduces the pressure of the gas from the gas cylinder 160. Figure 10As schematically shown, a conduit 164 on the outlet side of the first-stage regulator 162 branches to the second-stage main regulator 166 and the second-stage auxiliary regulator 168. On the outlet side of each of the second-stage main regulator 166 and the second-stage auxiliary regulator 168, there is a pair of conduits 170 connected to the outlet 144.

[0158] It should be understood that when the gas supply system 160 is used within the body pressurization system, the pressure within the pair of conduits 170 is substantially equal to the internal pressure of the internal area of ​​the cover. The second-stage main regulator 166 is configured to allow gas to enter the conduit 170a at a high flow rate (which is the first flow rate) and thus into the outlet 144. The second-stage main regulator 166 is a demand valve that opens when the pressure within the conduit 170a is below a threshold pressure. When the pressure within the conduit 170a rises above the threshold pressure, the second-stage main regulator 166 closes.

[0159] The second-stage auxiliary regulator 168 is configured to allow gas to enter conduit 170b at a low flow rate (a second flow rate) and thus into outlet 144. The second-stage auxiliary regulator 168 is a demand valve that closes when the pressure within conduit 170b is at atmospheric pressure. As the pressure within conduit 170b increases and approaches a threshold pressure, the second-stage auxiliary regulator 168 opens. Furthermore, when the pressure within conduit 170b is at a predetermined pressure / selected setpoint pressure, the second-stage auxiliary regulator 168 closes, preventing gas flow to outlet 144. It should be understood that, advantageously, both the second-stage main regulator 166 and the second-stage auxiliary regulator 168 open within a narrow pressure range including the threshold pressure to ensure continuity of flow to the cover during expansion.

[0160] The gas supply system 160 includes a pair of valves 172 on a pair of conduits 170, which, if needed, provide the ability to manually regulate the flow rate through either conduit 170a, 170b.

[0161] If necessary, the second-stage auxiliary regulator 168 can include a regulator that enables adjustment of the setpoint pressure.

[0162] Figure 11 A gas supply system 214 according to another embodiment is schematically shown. The gas supply system 214 includes a pressurized gas source, which in this embodiment is in the form of a gas cylinder 260; and a gas distribution circuit 270, which includes an inflow connector 272 interconnected with an independently supplied pressurized gas, such as a medical gas supply line 290.

[0163] The gas supply system 214 includes a first conduit 274 connected to the outlet of a gas cylinder 260 and a second conduit 276 connected to an inlet connector 272. The first conduit 274 and the second conduit 276 are joined at a junction 278, and a third conduit 280 extends from the junction 278 to an outlet 244. Thus, gas can flow from the medical gas supply line 290 through the inlet connector, the second conduit 276, and the third conduit 280 to the outlet 244. Furthermore, gas can also flow from the gas cylinder 260 through the first conduit 274 and the third conduit 280 to the outlet 244.

[0164] A gate valve 282 and a check valve 283 are provided in the second conduit 276. In this example, the gas cylinder 260 is a disposable gas cylinder. Opening the gate valve 282 simultaneously punctures the seal on the gas cylinder 260 to release gas from the cylinder. In this embodiment, the gas flow from the gas cylinder 260 is substantially unregulated. The volume of gas contained within the cylinder (under increased pressure) is substantially equal to the maximum usable capacity of the internal area of ​​the cover. Thus, when the gas from the gas cylinder 260 is depleted, the cover expands. Therefore, in this particular embodiment, the first flow rate corresponds to a substantially unregulated discharge of gas from the gas cylinder 260.

[0165] Once the gas cylinder is substantially depleted, gas inflow from medical gas supply line 290 will dominate, supplying a gas flow to outlet 244 at a lower secondary flow rate. Gate valve 282 is also configured to operate as a demand valve, thereby allowing flow through second conduit 276 only when the pressure within second conduit 276 is below a set pressure. Check valve 283 prevents gas from flowing back from system 214 into medical gas supply line 290.

[0166] It should be understood that while the medical gas supply line 290 is capable of providing a suitable pressure to achieve the desired set pressure when using the body pressurization system, it is also capable of providing such a low flow rate that the inflatable covering takes an unacceptably long time. The "mixed" gas supply provided by the gas supply system 214 allows for the rapid inflating of the covering using gas from the gas cylinder 260, and also allows for a reliable and continuous supply of pressurized gas from the medical gas supply line 290.

[0167] In this particular embodiment, the third catheter 280 includes a vent valve 284 that releases gas when the pressure within the third catheter 280 exceeds a limit pressure. If the body pressure system including the gas supply system 214 is used for a patient with a particularly large waist circumference, the available capacity may be smaller than the gas volume contained in the gas cylinder 260 (at elevated pressure). In this case, excess high-pressure gas can be released from the vent valve 284, minimizing the possibility of the cover receiving excessive pressure or damaging the body pressure system.

[0168] Figure 12 A body pressure system 310 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. The body pressure system 310 and... Figure 1 The body pressurization system 10 is basically similar. Therefore, the components of the body pressurization system 310 that are similar to those of the body pressurization system 10 have the same numbers and are prefixed with "3".

[0169] Figure 12 The cover 312 in a vented state is shown. The cover includes a conduit 324, which interconnects at its first end with the rear layer 318 of a flexible sheet, thereby leading to an inlet aperture. At the second end of the conduit 324 is an inlet connector 392.

[0170] Pump 314 includes an outlet connector 394 forming a discharge port 344 and an electronic switch (not shown) operable to activate an electric motor of pump 314. Inlet connector 392 is releasably coupled to outlet connector 394. In this example, inlet connector 392 and outlet connector 394 form a bayonet. The action of coupling inlet connector 392 to outlet connector 394 activates the electronic switch.

[0171] In this example, the electronic switch is positioned relative to the outflow connector 394 so as to be actuated after the first action of connecting the inflow connector 392 and the outflow connector 394 is completed. Furthermore, the electronic switch is positioned relative to the outflow connector 394 so as to be actuated during the first action of separating the inflow connector 392 and the outflow connector 394.

[0172] Figure 13 and Figure 14 A cover 412 according to a fourth embodiment is shown, which is used in a body pressurization system. The cover 412 is substantially similar to... Figure 1 The body pressurization system 10 has a cover 12. Therefore, components of the cover 412 that are similar to those of the cover 12 have the same number, prefixed with "4".

[0173] The cover 12 has a flexible sheet arranged in layers 416, 418. Figure 13 The front side of the cover 412 is shown, therefore it is the front layer 418. Figure 14 The rear side of the cover 412 is shown, and therefore the rear layer 416.

[0174] An internal region is defined between layers 416 and 418. Figure 13 and Figure 14(Not shown in the image). Because the sheets of layers 416 and 418 are flexible, the layers can be repositioned relative to each other. In a preferred embodiment, the flexible sheet is a laminate of nylon and thermoplastic polyurethane. An advantage of this material is its low airflow velocity. Additionally, the materials can be joined by thermal welding, which minimizes pores (and thus leaks) at the joints.

[0175] To facilitate the movement of the rear layer 416 during expansion, the portion of the flexible sheet material forming the rear layer 416 is wider than the portion of the flexible sheet material forming the front layer 418. To accommodate the width difference in the portions of the flexible sheet material used for layers 416 and 418, the rear layer 416 is formed with pleats 435. Each pleat 435 extends from either the upper edge 428 or the lower edge 430 of the cover 412 along its length. In this particular embodiment, the cover 412 has eight pleats 435, four of which are distributed substantially evenly along the upper edge 428, and four of which are located at the lower edge 430. Figure 14 As shown, the middle two of the four pleats 435 at the lower edge 430 are adjacent to each other at the center line of the cover 412.

[0176] Cover 412 also has an inlet connector 422 within the front layer 418. The inlet connector 422 defines an inlet opening leading to the interior region. Pump 14 has an outlet pipe 24, which, in this particular embodiment, is releasably connectable to the inlet connector 22. Thus, gas from pump 14 is delivered to the interior region 20 through the outlet pipe 24.

[0177] The cover 412 has four restraints 426 for securing the cover 412 to a support surface S, such as a bed. In this embodiment, the restraints 426 are attached to the front layer 418. Each restraint 426 is long enough to extend beneath and around the operating table and patient, and overlaps with itself.

[0178] Each constraint 426 has a releasable coupling, which in this embodiment is in the form of hook-and-loop fastener materials 434, 436. In this example, the hook material 434 is disposed on a portion of the “free” portion of the constraint 426. The loop material 436 is disposed across the entire width of the flexible sheet and on the outer surface of the front layer 418. Each constraint 426 includes an annular handle 438 at its respective end.

[0179] The body pressurization system according to the embodiments can find possible uses in various scenarios and fields, including (but not limited to):

[0180] Treatment for distributive shock includes:

[0181] – In cases of sepsis, fluid resuscitation can improve vascular status during short-term assessment and / or long-term treatment, and

[0182] – Anesthesia-related hypotension;

[0183] A central venous line (CVL) is placed, which increases venous pressure and dilates the patient's veins, making acupuncture easier.

[0184] Short-term treatment for venous bleeding;

[0185] The central system investigation includes:

[0186] - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to increase cardiac preload;

[0187] – Insert abdominal pressure during CPR by compressing the patient’s entire body below, including the abdomen;

[0188] – Dobutamine stress echo to stop SAM, this is due to blood redistribution caused by dobutamine venous dilation, and

[0189] - Apply preload to the heart to assess diastolic heart failure;

[0190] Transport of patients suffering from the following traumas:

[0191] - Intra-abdominal conditions, such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), pelvic injuries including (pelvic fractures), or lower extremity bleeding, and

[0192] – Fracture of lower limb;

[0193] In addition to sports recovery and treatment.

[0194] A common element across all uses of body compression systems is the need for brief compression of the patient's abdomen and lower limbs on the support surface.

[0195] As described above, embodiments of the body compression system can be used with operating tables and EMS stretchers. It should be understood that embodiments of the body compression system can be used with many other objects that provide a support surface on which a person can be placed. These include (but are not limited to) spinal plates, split-plate stretchers, hospital trolleys, hospital beds, and surgical beds.

[0196] It will be understood that, unless the context otherwise indicates, the pressure values ​​set forth throughout the specification and claims are gauge pressure (not absolute pressure).

[0197] Throughout the specification and the following claims, unless the context otherwise requires, the word “comprising” and variations such as “containing” and “including” shall be understood to imply inclusion of the specified integer or step or set of integers or steps, but not to exclude any other integer or step or set of integers or steps.

[0198] In this specification, any reference to any prior publication (or information derived therefrom) or any known matter is not, and should not be construed as, an endorsement or acknowledgment or in any way an implication that such prior publication (or information derived therefrom) or known matter constitutes part of the general knowledge in the field of work covered by this specification.

Claims

1. A cover for applying pressure to a patient with an allergic reaction located on a support surface of an operating table, the cover comprising: A flexible sheet arranged in at least two layers to define an internal region therebetween and having an upper periphery and a lower periphery, the layers comprising an inner layer and an outer layer, the layers being repositionable relative to each other such that the sheet can present a vented state with minimal volume of the internal region. and An inlet orifice leads to the internal region, through which gas is introduced into the internal region to increase the volume of the internal region from a vented state and / or to establish increased pressure within the internal region. as well as The constraint members attached to the outer layer are each configured to be longer than the length required to surround the support surface when the patient lies on the surface, and have releasable couplings. The flexible sheet and the restraint member are configured such that the flexible sheet is in the deflated state and covers the patient, the inner layer provides the rear layer of the cover that contacts the patient, and the outer layer provides the front layer of the cover that is separated from the patient by the rear layer. This arrangement ensures that at least a portion of the patient's body lies between the flexible sheet and the supporting surface, with restraints extending beneath the operating table and releasable interconnected connectors. The restraints constrain the lateral edge portions of the flexible sheet relative to the supporting surface. This creates a pressure difference between the internal area and the atmosphere surrounding the cover, as well as tension in the restraints, compressing the patient between the rear layer of the cover and the supporting surface of the operating table, with a portion of the rear layer conforming to the patient.

2. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, The flexible sheet is configured such that the front layer expands when increased pressure is established in the internal region.

3. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, Each releasable connector is in the form of a hook-and-loop fastener material.

4. The cover according to claim 3, wherein, Each of the aforementioned constraints has a free portion, and the hook fastener material is located on a portion of the free portion of the respective constraint.

5. The cover according to claim 3, wherein, Each constraint is constructed with a ring fastener material that extends across the entire width of the flexible sheet material and onto the outer surface of the outer layer.

6. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, Each constraint includes a ring handle at the inner end of the corresponding constraint.

7. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, Each constraint has a free portion that extends outward from one of the lateral edges of the flexible sheet.

8. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, The inner layer includes one or more pleats extending along the length of the cover.

9. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the inner layer and the outer layer includes a woven material and a coating that reduces the porosity of the woven material.

10. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes markings on the outer layer to facilitate positioning the flexible sheet relative to the patient at a designated location.

11. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, The cover is wider at the upper periphery than at the lower periphery.

12. The cover according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes an inlet connector within the outer layer, wherein the inlet connector communicates with the inlet hole.

13. A body pressure system for applying pressure to a patient with an allergic reaction located on a support surface of an operating table, the body pressure system comprising: Gas supply system, comprising: This forms the outlet of the connector; A pump connected to the discharge port, the pump comprising: An electric motor is connected to the rotor, which is capable of rotating to expel gas from the inlet through a chamber housed within the rotor to the outlet. At least one of a flow sensor and a pressure sensor located between the chamber and the outlet; A controller that controls the operation of the electric motor, the controller being configured to receive information from the flow sensor and / or the pressure sensor, and in response to the received information, actuate the electric motor to change the gas flow rate toward the outlet, and At least one of a self-contained power supply and a connector that connects the pump to an independent power source, which provides power to the electric motor. The gas supply system is operable to deliver gas to the outlet at a first flow rate and a second flow rate, wherein the first flow rate is higher than the second flow rate. The cover includes: A flexible sheet arranged in at least two layers to define an internal region therebetween and having an upper periphery and a lower periphery, the layers comprising an inner layer and an outer layer, the layers being repositionable relative to each other such that the sheet can present a vented state with minimal volume of the internal region. An entrance opening leading to the internal region; and Attached to the outer layer are constraint members, each constrained in length greater than the length required to surround the supporting surface when the patient lies on the surface, and each constraint member has a releasable coupling. catheter, The body pressurization system is constructed as follows: The flexible sheet is placed in the deflated state and covers the patient, the inner layer provides the back layer of the cover that contacts the patient, and the outer layer provides the front layer of the cover that is separated from the patient by the back layer; This arrangement ensures that at least a portion of the patient's body lies between the supporting surface and the flexible sheet, with restraints extending beneath the operating table and around the operating table and the patient, interconnected releasable connectors, and the restraints constraining the lateral edge portions of the flexible sheet relative to the supporting surface. The first end of the conduit is interconnected with a flexible sheet to access the inlet orifice, and the second end of the conduit is interconnected with an outflow connector. The operation of the gas supply system causes a pump to introduce gas into the interior region through the inlet orifice, establishing an increased pressure in the interior region, creating a pressure difference between the interior region and the atmosphere surrounding the cover, and generating tension in the restraints, compressing the patient between the rear layer of the cover and the supporting surface of the operating table, with a portion of the rear layer conforming to the patient.

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