Pesticidal compositions resistant to degradation of active ingredients and methods for their preparation

Abstract

This invention provides compositions comprising thiophosphoramide esters that resist degradation of the active ingredient. This invention also provides a method for preparing particulate compositions comprising acephate that resists degradation of the active ingredient, wherein the method comprises using a mixture of water and an electrolyte.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to insecticidal compositions resistant to degradation of active ingredients. The invention provides compositions comprising thiophosphoramide esters resistant to degradation of active ingredients. The invention also provides a method for preparing granular compositions comprising thiophosphoramide esters resistant to degradation of active ingredients, wherein the method includes the use of water and an electrolyte. Background Technology

[0002] Thiophosphoramides are known for their excellent insecticidal activity against a wide variety of insects in various environments. Acetamiprid, a systemic insecticide, is one of the widely used thiophosphoramides. It controls a broad range of chewing and sucking insects, such as aphids, thrips, lepidopteran larvae, sawflies, leaf miners, leafhoppers, and root cutters, in fruits (including citrus), grapevines, hops, olives, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, macadamia nuts, beets, rapeseed, celery, beans, potatoes, rice, tobacco, ornamental plants, forestry, and other crops.

[0003] Thiophosphoramide esters are known to face stability issues due to their hydrolytic sensitivity. Efforts have been made in this field to address the degradation problem of acephate and to prepare stable insecticidal products. Some methods include: using solvents as extrusion aids, maintaining specific temperature conditions during extrusion, using specific equipment such as compactors and other stabilizers, and employing special procedures.

[0004] US5298501 discloses a chemically stable insecticidal composition of thiophosphoramide esters. The composition contains at least 83% ammonium sulfate, which is effective for granulating the insecticidal component. In the absence of ammonium sulfate, the composition faces chemical stability issues due to the hydrolysis and catalytically driven degradation of thiophosphoramide esters, which in turn shortens the product's shelf life.

[0005] US5464623 discloses a method for preparing a stable insecticidal composition containing acephate. The method involves mixing a dried insecticidal composition with 3-25% solvent to form a moist sandy loam of a certain consistency, followed by extrusion. The preferred solvent should be highly volatile to allow the granules to be dried. The method also uses a dehydrating agent to absorb trace amounts of water present in the granules to prevent insecticide hydrolysis. This method is highly unsafe for the environment.

[0006] For some time there has been a need for a granulation technology that utilizes common granulation equipment while avoiding the use of environmentally unsafe solvents, special techniques, or equipment.

[0007] The inventors of this invention have developed a safe and environmentally friendly formulation method for producing a stable insecticidal composition containing acephate using water as a medium.

[0008] Purpose of the invention

[0009] The object of this invention is to provide an environmentally safe granulation method for compositions containing thiophosphoramide esters.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition comprising a thiophosphoramide ester that resists degradation of the active ingredient. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising:

[0012] a) Thiophosphoramide esters; and

[0013] b) Electrolytes;

[0014] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0015] In another aspect, the present invention provides a stable composition resistant to degradation of the active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0016] c) Thiophosphoramide esters as active ingredients; and

[0017] d) Electrolytes;

[0018] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0020] a) Acetaminophen; and

[0021] b) Electrolytes;

[0022] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0023] In another aspect, the present invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0024] a) Thiophosphoramide esters as active ingredients;

[0025] b) Electrolytes; and

[0026] c) One or more active ingredients;

[0027] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0028] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition of thiophosphoramide ester resistant to degradation of the active ingredient, the method comprising:

[0029] Step 1: Prepare a mixture of water and electrolyte;

[0030] Step 2: Prepare a blend of thiophosphoramide ester, residual electrolyte (if any) and other excipients;

[0031] Step 3: Prepare an admixture of the blend from Step 2 and the mixture from Step 1; and

[0032] Step 4: Prepare the product into the appropriate form using suitable equipment.

[0033] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition of thiophosphoramide ester resistant to degradation of the active ingredient, the method comprising:

[0034] Step 1: Prepare a mixture of water and electrolyte;

[0035] Step 2: Prepare a blend of thiophosphoramide ester, residual electrolyte (if any), one or more other active ingredients and other excipients;

[0036] Step 3: Prepare an admixture of the blend from Step 2 and the mixture from Step 1; and

[0037] Step 4: Prepare the product into the appropriate form using suitable equipment.

[0038] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition of acephate resistant to degradation of the active ingredient, the method comprising:

[0039] Step 1: Prepare a mixture of water and electrolyte;

[0040] Step 2: Prepare a blend of acephate, residual electrolyte (if any) and other excipients;

[0041] Step 3: Prepare an admixture of the blend from Step 2 and the mixture from Step 1; and

[0042] Step 4: Prepare the product into the appropriate form using suitable equipment.

[0043] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling insects, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the composition according to the invention to the area to be treated.

[0044] Additional features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which illustrates by way of example the most preferred features of the invention, and these preferred features should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as described herein. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It must be noted that, as used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless expressly specified herein.

[0046] The term “about” used to specify the amounts of mancozeb and carbendazim should be interpreted as “approximately” or “close to” and any statistically insignificant variation thereof.

[0047] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” etc., should be understood as open-ended, meaning including but not limited to. The terms “preferred” and “preferred” refer to embodiments of the invention that may provide certain benefits in certain circumstances.

[0048] In one implementation, the aspects and implementations described herein should also be interpreted as replacing the clause “comprising” with “consisting of” or “substantially consisting of” or “essentially consisting of”.

[0049] This invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient. It has been observed that moisture-sensitive active ingredients require specific equipment and conditions to prepare stable commercial products. The inventors of this invention have surprisingly discovered that stable compositions can be prepared by a suitable method involving the use of water and electrolytes when using moisture-sensitive active ingredients. This method can also be used when preparing composite products with moisture-sensitive active ingredients.

[0050] Therefore, the present invention provides a composition that resists the degradation of active ingredients.

[0051] This invention provides a composition comprising:

[0052] a) Thiophosphoramide esters as active ingredients; and

[0053] b) Electrolytes;

[0054] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0055] In one embodiment, the active ingredient of thiophosphoramide is selected from the group consisting of acephate, chloramine, methamidophos, isofenphos, methyl isofenphos, methamidophos, glyphosate or acephate.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the active ingredient of the thiophosphoramide ester is acephate.

[0057] This invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of active ingredients, the composition comprising:

[0058] a) Acetaminophen; and

[0059] b) Electrolytes;

[0060] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0061] The term "degradation" refers to chemical degradation. Chemical degradation includes hydrolysis, photolysis, and catalytic degradation.

[0062] In one embodiment, according to the invention, the degradation of the active ingredient is controlled.

[0063] In another embodiment, according to the present invention, the degradation of acephate is controlled.

[0064] In another embodiment, according to the invention, the degradation of acephate is controlled to be <5% by weight of acephate in the composition.

[0065] In one embodiment, in the composition according to the invention, the degradation of acephate is controlled even after water is used as the medium for formulation.

[0066] In another embodiment, in the composition according to the invention, the degradation of acephate is controlled to less than 5%, even after water is used as the medium for formulation.

[0067] In another embodiment, in the composition according to the invention, the degradation of acephate is controlled to <3% even after using water as the medium for formulation.

[0068] In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.1% to about 99% of acephate by weight of the composition.

[0069] In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 1% to about 97% of acephate by weight of the composition.

[0070] In one embodiment, water is used as a medium for preparing the composition according to the invention.

[0071] In one embodiment, the composition comprises an electrolyte.

[0072] In one embodiment, the composition comprises an amount of electrolyte from about 1% to about 97% by weight of the composition.

[0073] In another embodiment, the composition comprises an amount of electrolyte in the form of about 1% to about 50% by weight of the composition.

[0074] In one embodiment, the electrolyte is selected from inorganic or organic salts.

[0075] In one embodiment, the inorganic salt is selected from the group consisting of salts of strong acids and strong bases, salts of strong acids and weak bases, salts of weak acids and strong bases, and salts of weak acids and weak bases.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic salt is a salt of a strong acid and a weak base.

[0077] In one embodiment, the inorganic salt is selected from ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, and alkaline earth metal salts, etc.

[0078] In another embodiment, the inorganic salt is selected from phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, oxides, and hydroxides.

[0079] In another embodiment, the organic salt is selected from alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids.

[0080] In yet another embodiment, the organic salt is selected from the alkali metal salt of a weak organic acid.

[0081] In another embodiment, the weak organic acid includes acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, propionic acid, etc.

[0082] In one embodiment, the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, magnesium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium acetate, calcium oxalate, calcium acetate, trisodium citrate, etc.

[0083] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0084] a) Thiophosphoramide esters as active ingredients;

[0085] b) Electrolytes; and

[0086] c) One or more active ingredients;

[0087] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0088] In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more other active ingredients.

[0089] In one embodiment, another active ingredient that may be present in the composition according to the invention is selected from insecticides, attractants, fungicides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, and growth regulators.

[0090] In another embodiment, the active ingredient present in the composition according to the invention may be selected from organophosphorus compounds, chloronicotinamide compounds, diamide insecticides, benzoylphenylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors, or pyrethroid compounds.

[0091] In yet another implementation scheme, the organophosphorus compound may be selected from, but is not limited to, propylthion insecticide, methyl phosphonium monoxide, carbamate, trithion, chlorpyrifos, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, demeton-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, phosmet, dimethoate, dichlorvos, phorate, EPN, ethion, methamidophos, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, phosmet, dibromophos, sulfoxide, parathion, phorate, phosmet ... Phosphorus, chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, pyrethrin, α-cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, λ-cyfluthrin and / or furazolidone, afralanar, bromfenoxam, chlorantraniliprole, bromfenoxam, cyclobromin, chlorfluthrin, flufenoxam, flufenoxam, lotelanar, tetrachlorantraniliprole, flufenoxam, diflubenzuron, flufenoxam, diflubenzuron, flufenoxam, diflubenzuron, flufenoxam, flufenoxam, flufenoxam, lufenuron, difenourea, polyfluorourea, flufenoxam, flufenoxam, chlorfenapyr, or mixtures thereof.

[0092] In another embodiment, the chloronicotinamide compound may be selected from, but is not limited to, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and combinations thereof.

[0093] In another embodiment, the pyrethroid may be selected from, but is not limited to, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, pyrethrin, α-cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, λ-cyfluthrin, and / or benzalkonium chloride or mixtures thereof.

[0094] In another embodiment, the active ingredient present in the composition according to the invention may be selected from phthalimide, cyprodinil, piperazine, iodophos, imazalil, lambda-cyhalothrin, flufenoxuron, abamectin, methomyl, methyl thiophanate, fenpyroxene, cymoxanil hydrochloride, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr, demeton-S, cypermethrin, ethyl glutathione, methyl glutathione, benzalkonium chloride, ethyl methoxyfenozide, methyl glutathione, fenthiocarb, methyl methoxyfenozide, methyl methoxyfenozide, methyl methoxyfenozide, methyl methoxyfenozide, methyl methoxyfenozide, fenthiocarb, fenthiocarb Fonsodium, Butylfenoxam, Furazolidone, Tioflupyr, Anti-rot ester, Ethiocarbamate, Chlorpyrifos, Benzoate, Quinalox, EPN, Dodecylmorpholine, Mecarphon, Ethiconazole, Flufenoxuron, Seed dressing amine, Fenflurphos, Biflufenoxuron, Acaricide, Acephate, Tetrafluorobenzyl, Azoxystrobin, Cotton phosphonate, Livestock phosphonate, Chlorpyrifos oxime, Propyl chlorpyrifos, Oat chlorpyrifos, Chlorfenapyr, Acaricide, Phosphonic acid, Azoxystrobin, Azoxystrobin, γ-Cyfluthrin, Kedimethalin, Ethyl spinosad, Butylfenoxuron.

[0095] The present invention also provides a composition resisting degradation of active ingredients, the composition comprising:

[0096] a) Acetaminophen as an active ingredient;

[0097] b) Electrolytes; and

[0098] c) One or more other active ingredients;

[0099] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0100] In another embodiment, another active ingredient that may be present in the composition according to the invention is selected from organophosphorus compounds, chloronicotinamide compounds, or pyrethroid compounds.

[0101] In another embodiment, the active ingredient present in the composition according to the invention is selected from acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, pymetrozine, α-cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, benzalkonium chloride, or mixtures thereof.

[0102] In one embodiment, the electrolyte is selected from inorganic or organic salts.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic salt is a salt of a strong acid and a weak base.

[0104] In one embodiment, the inorganic salt is selected from ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, and alkaline earth metal salts, etc.

[0105] In another embodiment, the inorganic salt is selected from phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, oxides, and hydroxides.

[0106] In another embodiment, the weak organic acid includes acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, propionic acid, etc.

[0107] In one embodiment, the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, magnesium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium acetate, calcium oxalate, calcium acetate, trisodium citrate, etc.

[0108] Therefore, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0109] a) Acetaminophen;

[0110] b) Electrolytes; and

[0111] c) One or more active ingredients selected from the following substances: acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, pymetrozine, α-cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, benzalkonium chloride, or mixtures thereof;

[0112] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of the active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0113] a) Acetaminophen;

[0114] b) Electrolytes; and

[0115] c) Acetamiprid

[0116] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0117] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0118] a) Acetaminophen;

[0119] b) Electrolytes; and

[0120] c) β-Cypermethrin,

[0121] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0122] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0123] a) Acetaminophen;

[0124] b) Electrolytes; and

[0125] c) Bifenthrin,

[0126] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0127] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition resistant to degradation of the active ingredient, the composition comprising:

[0128] a) Acetaminophen;

[0129] b) Electrolytes; and

[0130] c) Imidacloprid,

[0131] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0132] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the method comprising:

[0133] Step 1: Prepare a mixture of water and electrolyte;

[0134] Step 2: Prepare blends of thiophosphoramide ester, residual electrolyte (if any) and other excipients as needed;

[0135] Step 3: Prepare an admixture of the blend from Step 2 and the mixture from Step 1; and

[0136] Step 4: Use appropriate equipment to prepare the mixture into the appropriate form.

[0137] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the method comprising:

[0138] Step 1: Prepare a mixture of water and electrolytes in the required quantities;

[0139] Step 2: Prepare blends of acephate, residual electrolyte (if any) and other excipients as needed;

[0140] Step 3: Prepare an admixture of the blend from Step 2 and the mixture from Step 1; and

[0141] Step 4: Use appropriate equipment to prepare the mixture into the appropriate form.

[0142] In one embodiment, the composition further comprises one or more other active ingredients.

[0143] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient, the method comprising:

[0144] Step 1: Prepare a mixture of water and electrolytes in the required quantities;

[0145] Step 2: Prepare a blend of acephate, residual electrolyte (if any), and one or more other active ingredients and other excipients as needed;

[0146] Step 3: Prepare an admixture of the blend from Step 2 and the mixture from Step 1; and

[0147] Step 4: Use appropriate equipment to prepare the mixture into the appropriate form.

[0148] In one implementation, the method includes using an electrolyte.

[0149] In one embodiment, the electrolyte is selected from inorganic or organic salts.

[0150] In one embodiment, the inorganic salt is selected from the group consisting of salts of strong acids and strong bases, salts of strong acids and weak bases, salts of weak acids and strong bases, and salts of weak acids and weak bases.

[0151] In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic salt is a salt of a strong acid and a weak base.

[0152] In one embodiment, the inorganic salt is selected from ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, and alkaline earth metal salts, etc.

[0153] In another embodiment, the inorganic salt is selected from phosphates, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, oxides, and hydroxides.

[0154] In another embodiment, the organic salt is selected from alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids.

[0155] In yet another embodiment, the organic salt is selected from alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of weak organic acids.

[0156] In another embodiment, the weak organic acid includes acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, propionic acid, etc.

[0157] In one embodiment, the electrolyte is used as a mixture of water in the method of preparing the composition.

[0158] In another embodiment, the mixture of electrolyte and water includes solutions, suspensions, etc.

[0159] In one embodiment, water is used in an amount of about 1% to about 40% by weight of the composition applicable to the method.

[0160] In another embodiment, water is used in an amount of about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition applicable to the method.

[0161] In another embodiment, water is used in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition applicable to the method.

[0162] In another embodiment, the amount of electrolyte required to form the mixture in water varies from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the composition.

[0163] In yet another embodiment, the amount of electrolyte required to form the mixture in water varies from about 1% to about 15% by weight of the composition.

[0164] In one embodiment, the method applicable to the composition requires water and electrolyte in a ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:20.

[0165] In another embodiment, the method applicable to the composition requires water and electrolyte in a ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:10.

[0166] In one embodiment, there are no particular limitations on the preparation of blends of acephate, electrolytes and other excipients with other active ingredients in step 2.

[0167] In one embodiment, there are no particular limitations on the additives used in step 3 to prepare the mixture of the product from step 2 and the product from step 1.

[0168] In one embodiment, in step 3, the additive is prepared by spraying the mixture from step 1 onto the product from step 2.

[0169] In another embodiment, in step 3, the admixture is prepared by adding the mixture from step 1 in batches to the product from step 2.

[0170] In one implementation, there are no particular restrictions on the preparation method in step 4.

[0171] In a preferred embodiment, in step 4, the composition is formulated into granules.

[0172] In one implementation, step 4 of the method uses readily available commercial extrusion equipment.

[0173] In one implementation, in step 4 of the method, the moisture content of the granules has been significantly reduced.

[0174] In one embodiment, the method of the present invention provides a particulate agent having at least a partial or complete moisture-proof layer on the surface of a material to prevent its degradation.

[0175] In one embodiment, the moisture-proof layer contains an electrolyte.

[0176] In another implementation, the term "granules" refers to solid granules, particles, fine particles, etc.

[0177] Typically, methods for preparing compositions resistant to degradation of active ingredients include preparing a mixture of water and electrolyte (part A); preparing a blend of thiophosphoramide ester, residual electrolyte (part B), optionally with one or more other active ingredients and other excipients; preparing the blend by mixing the mixture of part A and part B; and formulating the blend into a suitable form using suitable equipment.

[0178] Preferably, the method is carried out at room temperature, and the blend is extruded using a basket extruder to obtain granules. The granules are dried (until the moisture content is <1%) and then packaged.

[0179] Formulations are prepared using wet granulation methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0180] The stable insecticidal composition of the present invention may further include one or more dispersants, wetting agents, carriers, anti-caking agents, pH adjusters, preservatives, antimicrobial agents, defoamers, colorants, and other formulation adjuvants.

[0181] The dispersant can be selected from ionic and nonionic dispersants, such as salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid, salts of polyvinyl sulfonic acid, salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid / formaldehyde condensate, salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid, phenol sulfonic acid and formaldehyde condensate, as well as lignin sulfonic acid, salts of polyethylene oxide / polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reaction products of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, in addition to polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylates, in addition to alkyl ethoxylates and alkyl aryl ethoxylates, ethoxylated alkyl aryl phosphates and sulfates.

[0182] The wetting agent may be selected from: salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulfuric acid, including but not limited to sodium lauryl sulfate; sulfonyl alkyl amides and their salts, including but not limited to N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate sodium salt; alkyl aryl sulfonates, including but not limited to alkylbenzene sulfonates; alkyl naphthalene sulfonates and their salts and salts of lignin sulfonic acid.

[0183] The carrier may include clay, silica, sulfate, chloride, carbohydrate, alkyl cellulose, etc.

[0184] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling insects, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the composition according to the invention to the area to be treated.

[0185] In one embodiment, a method for controlling insects is provided, the method comprising applying an effective amount of a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient to a region to be treated, the composition comprising:

[0186] a) Thiophosphoramide esters; and

[0187] b) Electrolytes;

[0188] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0189] In one embodiment, a method for controlling insects is provided, the method comprising applying an effective amount of a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient to a region to be treated, the composition comprising:

[0190] a) Acetaminophen; and

[0191] b) Electrolytes;

[0192] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0193] In another embodiment, a method for controlling insects is provided, the method comprising applying an effective amount of a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient to a region to be treated, the composition comprising:

[0194] a) Thiophosphoramide ester;

[0195] b) Electrolytes; and

[0196] c) One or more active ingredients;

[0197] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0198] In another embodiment, a method for controlling insects is provided, the method comprising applying an effective amount of a composition resistant to degradation of an active ingredient to a region to be treated, the composition comprising:

[0199] a) Acetaminophen;

[0200] b) Electrolytes; and

[0201] c) One or more active ingredients;

[0202] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0203] In one embodiment, the present invention can provide a method for controlling insects, such as those belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera.

[0204] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for controlling insects, the method comprising applying an effective amount of a composition to a region to be treated, the composition comprising:

[0205] a) Acetaminophen; and

[0206] b) Electrolytes;

[0207] c) One or more optional active ingredients;

[0208] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0209] In another embodiment, the method includes applying an effective amount of the composition to the area to be treated, the composition comprising:

[0210] a) Acetaminophen;

[0211] b) Electrolytes; and

[0212] c) One or more active ingredients;

[0213] The composition is prepared using a mixture of water and the electrolyte.

[0214] In another embodiment, the present invention provides the use of the composition for insect control.

[0215] The present invention is illustrated more specifically by the following embodiments; however, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited in any way by these embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention includes the following embodiments, and modifications and variations can be made within the technical scope of the present invention.

[0216] Example

[0217] Example 1 :

[0218] The composition of acephate and β-cypermethrin according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0219] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0220] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85.0 β-Cypermethrin 3.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Sodium acetate 3.64 Precipitated silica 0.35 water 4.0

[0221] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0222] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85.0 β-Cypermethrin 3.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Sodium acetate 3.64 Precipitated silica 0.35

[0223] c) Method:

[0224] Add the weighed sodium acetate to water (4 mL) to prepare mixture (part A). Thoroughly mix the weighed acephate and precipitated silica. Grind β-cypermethrin, sodium lauryl sulfate, and styrene-acrylic polymer dispersant together and mix with the acephate mixture (part B) at room temperature. Then, mix part B with the part A mixture to prepare a blend. Extrude the blend using a basket extruder to obtain granules. Dry the granules (until moisture content <1%) and then package them.

[0225] Example 2 :

[0226] The acephate composition according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0227] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0228] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 92.04 ammonium sulfate 6.00 Precipitated silica 1.96 water 5

[0229] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0230] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 92.04 ammonium sulfate 6.00 Precipitated silica 1.96

[0231] c) Method:

[0232] Add ammonium sulfate to water (5 mL) to prepare a mixture (part A). Grind the weighed acephate and precipitated silica using suitable equipment to obtain the desired particle size (part B). Then mix part B with the mixture from part A to prepare a blend. Extrude the blend using a basket extruder to obtain granules. Dry the granules (until the moisture content is <0.6%) and then package them.

[0233] Example 3 :

[0234] The composition of acephate and β-cypermethrin according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0235] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0236] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85.0 β-Cypermethrin 3.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Calcium chloride 3.64 Precipitated silica 0.35 water 3.5

[0237] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0238] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85.0 β-Cypermethrin 3.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Calcium chloride 3.64 Precipitated silica 0.35

[0239] c) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 1.

[0240] Example 4 :

[0241] The composition of acephate and imidacloprid according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0242] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0243] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85.0 β-Cypermethrin 3.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Sodium chloride 3.64 Precipitated silica 0.35 water 3

[0244] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0245] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85.0 β-Cypermethrin 3.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Sodium chloride 3.64 Precipitated silica 0.35

[0246] c) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 1.

[0247] Example 5 :

[0248] The composition of acephate and imidacloprid according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0249] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0250] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 52.55 Imidacloprid 5.68 ammonium sulfate 31.62 Aerosil R972 1.0 Anionic dispersants 1.5 Castor oil ethoxylate 6.0 SAG 1572 0.02 Precipitated silica 1.63 water 10.0

[0251] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0252] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 52.55 Imidacloprid 5.68 ammonium sulfate 31.62 Aerosil R972 1.0 Anionic dispersants 1.5 Castor oil ethoxylate 6.0 SAG 1572 0.02 Precipitated silica 1.63

[0253] c) Method:

[0254] Approximately 10 g of ammonium sulfate was mixed with water (10 mL) to obtain mixture (part A). Using suitable equipment, the weighed imidacloprid, the remaining ammonium sulfate, and the surfactant were ground to obtain a mixture of the desired particle size. Then, the weighed acephate was mixed to obtain mixture part B. Part A and part B were then blended to prepare a blend. The blend was then extruded using an extruder. The resulting product was then dried and packaged.

[0255] Example 6 :

[0256] The acephate composition according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0257] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0258] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 90 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.50 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Sodium chloride 6.85 water 4.0

[0259] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0260] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 90 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.50 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Sodium chloride 6.85

[0261] b) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 2.

[0262] Example 7 :

[0263] The acephate composition according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0264] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0265] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 95 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.50 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Magnesium sulfate 2.24 water 3.5

[0266] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0267] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 95 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.50 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Magnesium sulfate 2.24

[0268] c) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 2.

[0269] Example 8:

[0270] The composition of acephate and β-cypermethrin according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0271] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0272] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 74 β-Cypermethrin 6 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 4.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 10.80 Precipitated silica 0.35 water 6.0

[0273] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0274]

[0275] b) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 1.

[0276] Example 9 :

[0277] The composition of acephate and β-cypermethrin according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0278] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0279] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 74.0 β-Cypermethrin 6.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 4.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.30 Precipitated silica 0.35 pH adjuster 0.5 water 5.0

[0280] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0281] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 74.0 β-Cypermethrin 6.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 4.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 diammonium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 10.30 Precipitated silica 0.35 pH adjuster 0.5

[0282] a) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 1.

[0283] Example 10 :

[0284] The composition of acephate and β-cypermethrin according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0285] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0286] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85.0 β-Cypermethrin 3.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.0 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.0 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.3 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate 4.11 Precipitated silica 0.35 water 3.5

[0287] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0288] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85.0 β-Cypermethrin 3.0 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.0 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.3 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate 4.11 Precipitated silica 0.35

[0289] a) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 1.

[0290] Example 11 :

[0291] The composition of acephate and β-cypermethrin according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0292] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0293] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 74 β-Cypermethrin 6 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 4 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.3 Trisodium citrate 10.97 pH adjuster 0.5 Precipitated silica 0.35 water 4.5

[0294] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0295] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 74 β-Cypermethrin 6 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 4 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.3 Trisodium citrate 10.97 pH adjuster 0.5 Precipitated silica 0.35

[0296] a) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 1.

[0297] Example 12 :

[0298] The composition of acephate and β-cypermethrin according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0299] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0300] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85 β-Cypermethrin 3 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Zinc sulfate 5.27 Precipitated silica 0.35 water 5.5

[0301] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0302] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 85 β-Cypermethrin 3 Styrene-acrylic polymer dispersants 3.00 Sodium lauryl sulfate 2.00 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.30 Zinc sulfate 5.27 Precipitated silica 0.35 water 5.5

[0303] a) Prepare the composition according to the method of Example 1.

[0304] Example 13 :

[0305] The composition of acephate and bifenthrin according to the present invention is prepared as follows:

[0306] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0307] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 76.5 Bifenthrin 6.4 ammonium sulfate 10.36 Precipitated silica 0.4 Rodapon 2.0 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.3 water 10.0

[0308] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0309] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 76.5 Bifenthrin 6.4 ammonium sulfate 10.36 Precipitated silica 0.4 Rodapon 2.0 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.3

[0310] d) Method:

[0311] The composition was prepared according to the method of Example 1.

[0312] Stability study of the composition according to the present invention :

[0313] The stability of the compositions according to the invention was tested. The samples were kept at 54±2°C for up to 14 days, and stability parameters such as suspendability, dispersibility, wet sieving analysis, and degradation of the active ingredient were tested.

[0314] Example 14 :

[0315] The physical parameters of the composition containing acephate prepared in Example 2 are shown in the table below:

[0316] Sl number parameter environment AHS (14 days) 1 Acetaminophen (%) 89.47 87.78 2 Number of reversals 1-2 1-2 3 degradation% ND* 1.88

[0317] Not detected*

[0318] Example 15 :

[0319] The physical parameters of the composition containing acephate and imidacloprid prepared in Example 5 are shown in the table below:

[0320] Serial Number parameter environment AHS 14 days AHS 28 days 1 Acetaminophen (%) 52.66 52.66 51.65 2 Imidacloprid (%) 5.52 5.49 5.49 5 Number of reversals 2-3 2-3 2-3 6 wet sieving Does not exist Does not exist Does not exist 7 Suspensionability 103 102.98 102.80

[0321] Degradation percentage of active ingredient:

[0322] active 14-day degradation % 28-day degradation % Acephate 0 1.91 Imidacloprid 0.54 0.54

[0323] Example 16 :

[0324] The physical parameters of the composition containing acephate and bifenthrin prepared in Example 13 are shown in the table below:

[0325]

[0326]

[0327] Degradation percentage of active ingredient:

[0328] active 7-day degradation % 14-day degradation % Acephate 0.33 0.61 Bifenthrin NA 0.16

[0329] Based on the above experimental results, it has been determined that the present invention provides a stable composition containing acephate. The degradation of acephate is substantially controlled, resulting in a composition with a longer shelf life. The inventors have also noted that the composition according to the invention requires only a few inversions when dispersing the formulation. (The number of inversions is an indicator of the ease of dispersibility of the formulation). The suspendability of the composition is also well maintained, resulting in the product largely meeting all requirements for extended shelf life and the desired activity of the composition.

[0330] Comparative example

[0331] Comparative Example 1 :

[0332] The composition of acephate was prepared as follows:

[0333] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0334] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 92.04 ammonium sulfate 6.00 Precipitated silica 1.96 water 5

[0335] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0336] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 92.04 ammonium sulfate 6.00 Precipitated silica 1.96

[0337] c) Method:

[0338] The weighed acephate and ammonium sulfate are mixed together and ground using suitable equipment to obtain the desired particle size. Water is added to prepare a blend. The blend is then extruded using a basket extruder to obtain granules. The granules are then dried and packaged.

[0339] Comparative Example-2

[0340] The following is a method for preparing a composition of acephate and imidacloprid:

[0341] a) The raw materials used in the composition are listed below:

[0342] raw material Quantity(w / w) Acephate 52.55 Imidacloprid 5.68 ammonium sulfate 31.62 Aerosil R972 1.0 Anionic surfactants 1.5 Castor oil ethoxylate 6.0 SAG 1572 0.02 Precipitated silica 1.63 water 10.0

[0343] b) The final composition of the product is given in the table below:

[0344] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 52.55 Imidacloprid 5.68 ammonium sulfate 31.62 Aerosil R972 1.0 Anionic surfactants 1.5 Castor oil ethoxylate 6.0 SAG 1572 0.02 Precipitated silica 1.63

[0345] c) Method:

[0346] Following the same method as Comparative Example-1, imidacloprid, ammonium sulfate, and surfactant were ground by weight using suitable equipment to obtain a mixture of the desired particle size. Then, acephate was added by weight to obtain a premix mixture. Water was added to the premix mixture to prepare a blend. The blend was then extruded using an extruder. The resulting product was then dried and packaged.

[0347] The stability of the compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was tested. The samples were kept at 54 ± 2 °C for up to 14 days, and stability parameters such as suspendability, dispersibility, wet sieving analysis, and degradation of the active ingredient were tested.

[0348] The physical parameters of the composition containing acephate according to Comparative Example 1 are given below:

[0349] Sl number parameter environment AHS (14 days) 1 Acetaminophen (%) 88.43 77.95 2 Number of reversals 1-2 12-15, with coarse particles 3 degradation% 11.85

[0350] The physical parameters of the composition containing acephate and imidacloprid according to Comparative Example 2 are given below:

[0351] Serial Number parameter environment AHS 14 days 1 Acetaminophen (%) 51.51 46.11 2 Imidacloprid (%) 5.45 4.4 5 Number of reversals 2-3 30, contains coarse particles 6 wet sieving Does not exist 1.02 7 Suspensionability 103 77.2

[0352] Degradation percentage of active ingredient:

[0353] active 14-day degradation % Acephate 10.48 Imidacloprid 19.26

[0354] Comparative Example 3: The following is a description of the preparation of a composition of acephate and bifenthrin:

[0355] Element Quantity(w / w) Acephate 76.02 Bifenthrin 6.33 Metasperse 3.00 soprophor-wp 2.00 PG-4000 6.50 ammonium sulfate 5.80 Mfill A-100 0.35

[0356] Method: A weighted amount of bifenthrin was mixed with Mfill A-100 to form a bifenthrin premix. The bifenthrin premix was milled in an air-jet mill to obtain the desired particle size. Then, a weighted amount of acephate and other surfactants were added to the bifenthrin premix to obtain a bifenthrin-acephate premix. The bifenthrin-acephate premix was then extruded on an axial extruder via a hot melt extrusion method to obtain granules—the resulting granules were then sieved to remove oversized and undersized granules. The finished granules were then subjected to quality inspection and packaged.

[0357] The physical parameters of the composition containing acephate and imidacloprid according to Comparative Example 3 are given below.

[0358]

[0359] The above experimental results indicate that following the standard procedure for preparing compositions containing acephate resulted in the degradation of acephate, which cannot be stored for extended periods. It should also be noted that compositions prepared according to the standard procedure require multiple inversions during formulation dispersion. Furthermore, the suspendability of the compositions was not within acceptable limits, making them unsuitable for the intended activity of the product.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: a) Thiophosphoramide ester; b) Electrolytes; and c) One or more active ingredients; The thiophosphoric acid ester is acephate, the electrolyte is ammonium sulfate, and... The composition is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a mixture of water and the electrolyte in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:20; Step 2: Prepare a blend of thiophosphoramide ester, residual electrolyte, and one or more other active ingredients; Step 3: Prepare an admixture of the blend from Step 2 and the mixture from Step 1; and Step 4: Formulate the composition into granules.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein one or more active ingredients are selected from organophosphorus compounds, chloronicotinamide compounds, diamide insecticides, benzoylphenylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors, or pyrethroid compounds.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, propargite, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, benzalkonium chloride, chlorantraniliprole, bromonitrile, cyclobrombutamide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, lufenuron, diphenylfluorouracil, or mixtures thereof.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises α-cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, ζ-cypermethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, or a mixture thereof.

5. A method for controlling insects, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the composition according to any one of claims 1-4 to the area to be treated.

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