Apparatus and method for supporting burst time reference clock based on time sensitive communication assistance information in wireless communication network

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting a high data rate beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method for acquiring clock synchronization information in a base station configured to operate based on a reference clock of a wireless communication system in the wireless communication system is provided. The method includes acquiring a burst arrival time of a Time-Sensitive Communication Assistance Information (TSCAI) based on a TSN (Time-Sensitive Network) clock, acquiring offset information indicating a difference between the TSN clock and the reference clock of the wireless communication system, and adjusting the burst arrival time based on the offset to obtain an adjusted burst arrival time based on the reference clock of the wireless communication system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. More specifically, this disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for providing additional information to a base station in a wireless communication system when providing clock synchronization between nodes to efficiently handle services for time-sensitive communications. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the increased demand for wireless data services since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or pre-5G communication systems are also referred to as "beyond 4G networks" or "post-LTE systems".

[0003] 5G communication systems are considered to be implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands (e.g., the 60GHz band) to achieve higher data rates. To reduce radio wave propagation loss and increase transmission distance, beamforming, massive MIMO, full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming, and massive MIMO technologies are discussed in 5G communication systems.

[0004] In addition, in 5G communication systems, development of system network improvements based on advanced cells, cloud radio access networks (RAN), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, mobile networks, cooperative communication, cooperative multipoint (CoMP), and receiver interference cancellation is underway.

[0005] In 5G systems, hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) have been developed as advanced coding and modulation (ACM), as well as filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as advanced access technologies.

[0006] In a 5G wireless communication system, normal operation requires clock synchronization between nodes in the system.

[0007] The above information is presented as background information only to aid in understanding this disclosure. No decision or assertion is made herein regarding whether any of the foregoing items could be used as prior art in this disclosure. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Technical solution

[0009] This disclosure addresses at least the aforementioned problems and / or disadvantages and provides at least the following advantages. Therefore, one aspect of this disclosure is to provide a method for transmitting and receiving clock information between a gateway (e.g., a User Plane Function (UPF)) and a terminal (e.g., a User Equipment (UE)), enabling clock synchronization functionality to be supported on a wireless communication network (which has so far only been supported by wired networks). According to this method, the gateway, terminal, and base station (e.g., a gNB), as nodes in the wireless communication network, are all synchronized using a common clock (e.g., a 5GS clock), whereas in a wired network, the base station is not synchronized with a clock (e.g., a Time Sensitive Network (TSN)).

[0010] Meanwhile, a representative example of Time-Sensitive Communication (TSC) service is periodic service, which has a service pattern including periodicity, burst size, and burst arrival time. However, a standard already exists for the centralized collection and management of service patterns. If a base station (gNB) of a wireless communication network utilizes this standard to use TSC service patterns (Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI)), resources can be effectively managed. For example, the base station allocates resources for burst size to transmit at the burst arrival time of each pre-configured time period.

[0011] When using the clock synchronization method for wireless communication networks proposed above, the gateway (UPF) and the terminal (UE) of the wireless communication network know the clock of the wired network (TSC clock), while the base station (gNB) does not. Therefore, the base station can know the accurate reference clock of the TSCAI.

[0012] Another aspect of this disclosure is to provide an apparatus and method in a wireless communication system for providing additional information to a base station for efficient processing of services for time-sensitive communications, thereby enabling the base station to know the accurate reference clock of TSCAI.

[0013] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

[0014] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method is provided for obtaining clock synchronization information in a base station configured to operate based on a reference clock of a wireless communication system. The method includes obtaining the burst arrival time of TSCAI (Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information) based on a TSN (Time-Sensitive Network) clock, obtaining offset information indicating the difference between the TSN clock and the reference clock of the wireless communication system, and adjusting the burst arrival time according to the offset to obtain an adjusted burst arrival time based on the reference clock of the wireless communication system.

[0015] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a method is provided for acquiring clock synchronization information in a base station configured to operate based on a reference clock of the wireless communication system. The method includes acquiring an adjusted burst arrival time by adjusting the burst arrival time of TSCAI (Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information) based on the reference clock of the wireless communication system.

[0016] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus and method are provided. This apparatus and method enable clock synchronization between nodes in a wireless communication network.

[0017] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus and method are provided. This apparatus and method can be used in applications requiring clock synchronization between nodes, such as in factory automation.

[0018] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus and method are provided. When time-sensitive communication services pass through a wireless communication network, the apparatus and method enable the base station of the wireless communication network to efficiently allocate resources.

[0019] Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of this disclosure will become clear to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of various embodiments disclosed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will become clearer from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1A The illustration shows a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 1B The illustration shows the configuration of a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 1C The illustration shows the configuration of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 1D The illustration shows the configuration of core network entities in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 2A The illustration illustrates clock synchronization in a wireless network that does not support wired Time Sensitive Network (TSN) as referenced in this disclosure, and the problem of using Time Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) to reference the clock, which will be addressed by this disclosure according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 2BAn example is shown of Time-Sensitive Communication (TSC) service mode information (Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI)) transmitted between TSN-supported nodes according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 3A This explains the need for additional data transfer to the gNB according to embodiments of this disclosure to resolve... Figure 2A Information regarding the questions raised in the text;

[0028] Figure 3B An example of a burst arrival time adjusted based on TSCAI according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0029] Figure 4A The illustration shows an embodiment of an information flow transmitted according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to solve the problem of using a TSCAI reference clock in a wireless communication network;

[0030] Figure 4B The illustration shows an embodiment of an information flow transmitted according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to solve the problem of using a TSCAI reference clock in a wireless communication network;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the initial flow in the gNB using offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and showing the adjustments performed by AF;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the initial flow in the gNB using offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and illustrating the adjustments performed by the Policy and Charging Function (PCF);

[0033] Figure 7 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the initial flow in the method of using offset in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and illustrating the adjustments performed by the Session Management Function (SMF);

[0034] Figure 8 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the device (UE) -> gNB flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF->AF flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the AF flow in the gNB using offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UE->UPF flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UPF->AF flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 15 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UPF->SMF flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 16 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UPF->SMF->AF flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 17 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UPF->SMF->PCF flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 18 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UPF->UE flow in the gNB offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 19 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the initial flow in a method for using adjusted burst arrival times in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the AF;

[0046] Figure 20 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the initial flow in a method for using adjusted burst arrival times in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the PCF;

[0047] Figure 21 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the initial flow in a method for using adjusted burst arrival times in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0048] Figure 22 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->gNB flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time of gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the UE;

[0049] Figure 23This is a signal flow diagram of the UE->gNB flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrates the adjustment performed by the gNB;

[0050] Figure 24 This is a signal flow diagram of the UE->SMF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrates the adjustment performed by the UE;

[0051] Figure 25 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF flow used in a gNB using an adjusted burst arrival time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0052] Figure 26 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF flow used in a gNB method for adjusting burst arrival time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB;

[0053] Figure 27 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the UE;

[0054] Figure 28 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF flow used in a gNB using an adjusted burst arrival time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the PCF;

[0055] Figure 29 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0056] Figure 30 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB;

[0057] Figure 31 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and also illustrates the adjustment performed by the UE;

[0058] Figure 32 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the AF;

[0059] Figure 33 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the PCF;

[0060] Figure 34 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0061] Figure 35 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and also illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB;

[0062] Figure 36 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->AF flow used in a gNB using an adjusted burst arrival time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and showing the adjustment performed by the UE;

[0063] Figure 37 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UZE->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the AF;

[0064] Figure 38 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the PCF AF;

[0065] Figure 39 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->AF flow used in a gNB using an adjusted burst arrival time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0066] Figure 40 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->AF process used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB;

[0067] Figure 41 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE->UPF flow used in the gNB method using adjusted burst arrival time according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0068] Figure 42This is a signal flow graph of the UPF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrates the adjustment performed by the AF;

[0069] Figure 43 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the PCF;

[0070] Figure 44 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->AF process used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0071] Figure 45 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UPF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB;

[0072] Figure 46 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->SMF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0073] Figure 47 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->SMF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB;

[0074] Figure 48 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->SMF->PCF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the PCF;

[0075] Figure 49 This is a signal flow diagram showing the UPF->SMF->PCF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrates the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0076] Figure 50 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->SMF->PCF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB;

[0077] Figure 51 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the AF;

[0078] Figure 52 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the PCF;

[0079] Figure 53 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the SMF;

[0080] Figure 54 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->SMF->PCF->AF flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB; and

[0081] Figure 55 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF->UE flow used in a method using adjusted burst arrival time according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0082] Throughout the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that similar reference numerals are used to depict the same or similar elements, features, and structures. Detailed Implementation

[0083] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, is provided to aid in a full understanding of the various embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to aid understanding, but these are to be considered exemplary only. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the various embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Furthermore, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted.

[0084] The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to their literal meaning, but are used by the inventors only to enable a clear and consistent understanding of this disclosure. Therefore, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the following description, which provides various embodiments of this disclosure, is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0085] The singular forms “one,” “an,” and “the” should be understood to include plural references unless the context clearly specifies otherwise. Thus, for example, referring to “component surface” includes referring to one or more such surfaces.

[0086] In the following description, for convenience, terms used to identify access nodes, to refer to network entities, to refer to messages, to refer to interfaces between network entities, and to refer to various identifying information are used illustratively. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the terms used below, and other terms that refer to subjects with equivalent technical meanings may be used.

[0087] In this disclosure, the expressions "more than" (or "greater than" or "greater than") or "less than" (or "lower than" or "less than") are used to determine whether a certain condition is met or satisfied. However, this is merely for illustrative purposes and does not exclude the use of "equal to" or "greater than" or "equal to" or "less than". Regarding the described conditions, "equal to" or "greater than", "less than" or "equal to" or "greater than and less than" can be replaced by "more than", "less than", and "more than and less than" or "equal to".

[0088] For ease of description below, this disclosure uses terms and names defined in existing communication standards as the latest standards defined by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) group for Fifth Generation Systems (5GS) and New Radio (NR). However, this disclosure is not limited to these terms and names and can be equally applied to wireless communication networks according to other standards. In particular, this disclosure can be applied to 3GPP 5GS / NR as a fifth-generation wireless communication standard.

[0089] Figure 1A The illustration shows a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0090] Reference Figure 1A The wireless communication system includes a radio access network (RAN) 102 and a core network (CN) 104.

[0091] The wireless access network 102, as a network directly connected to a user equipment such as terminal 40, is the infrastructure providing wireless connectivity to terminal 40. The wireless access network 102 may include a group of multiple base stations, including base station 50, which can communicate via an interface configured therebetween. At least a portion of the interface between the multiple base stations may be wired or wireless. Base station 50 may have a structure where a central unit (CU) and distributed units (DU) are separated from each other. In this case, one CU can control multiple DUs. Base station 50 may be referred to as an "access point (AP)," a "next-generation node (gNB)," a "fifth-generation node," a "wireless point," or a "transmit / receive point (TRP)," rather than simply "base station," or some other term with equivalent technical meaning. Terminal 40 accesses the wireless or radio access network 102 and communicates with base station 50 via a wireless channel. Terminal 40 may be referred to as a "user equipment (UE)," a "mobile station," a "subscriber station," a "remote terminal," and a "wireless terminal," or simply "user equipment," rather than simply "terminal," or some other term with equivalent technical meaning.

[0092] The core network 104, which manages the entire system, controls the radio access network 102 and processes data and control signals transmitted and received via the radio access network 102 for the terminal 40. The core network 104 performs various functions, including user plane and control plane control, mobility processing, subscriber information management, billing, and interoperability with other types of systems (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems). To perform these functions, the core network 104 may include multiple functionally separate entities with different network functions (NFs). For example, the core network 104 may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 90, Session Management Function (SMF) 80, User Plane Function (UPF) 30, Policy and Charging Function (PCF) 85, Network Repository Function (NRF) 95, Unified Data Management (UDM) 75, Network Exposure Function (NEF) 65, and Unified Data Repository (UDR) 55. The core network 104 can interoperate with Application Function (AF) 70, Central Network Controller (CNC) 60, and Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) systems. Core network 104 can be referred to as the fifth-generation (5G) core (5GC), which is the core network of the 5G system.

[0093] Terminal 40 connects to radio access network 102 and accesses AMF 90, which performs mobility management functions in core network 104. AMF 90 is the function or device responsible for both accessing radio network 102 and managing mobility for terminal 40. SMF 80 is the NF that manages the session. AMF 90 connects to SMF 80, and AMF 90 routes session-related messages from terminal 40 to SMF 80. SMF 80 connects to UPF 30 to allocate user plane resources to be provided to terminal 40 and to establish tunnels for transmitting data between base station 50 and UPF 30. As the primary entity managing PDU sessions, SMF 80 is responsible for QoS settings / updates of QoS flows within the PDU session. PCF 85 controls information associated with policies and charging for the session used by terminal 40. NRF 95 stores information about NFs installed in the wireless communication operator network and performs the function of notifying the stored information. NRF 95 can connect to all NFs. Each NF registers with NRF 95 when the operator network starts operating to notify NRF 95 that the NF is operating in the network. The UDM 75 of the NF, which performs functions similar to a primary subscriber server (HSS) in a 4G network, stores subscription information of terminal 40 or context information used by terminal 40 in the network.

[0094] NEF 65 is used to connect third-party servers to NFs in a 5G wireless communication system. Additionally, NEF 65 is used to provide data to UDR 55 and to update or retrieve data. UDR 55 is used to store subscription information of terminal 40, storage policy information, data exposed to the outside world, or information required by third-party applications. Furthermore, UDR 55 is also used to provide stored data to other NFs.

[0095] UDM 75, PCF 85, SMF 80, AMF 90, NRF 95, NEF 65, and UDR 55 can connect to service-based interfaces. Services or application programming interfaces (APIs) provided by an NF are used by other NFs, allowing them to exchange control messages. NFs define the services they provide, which are defined in the standard as Nudm, Npcf, Nsmf, Namf, Nnrf, Nnef, Nudr, etc. For example, when an AMF 90 passes session-related messages to an SMF 80, it can use a service or API called Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext. AFs can be configured in various ways. Although... Figure 1A It is not explicitly stated that an AF can be associated with 5GC 104. An AF can be a third-party entity outside the operator's network or an entity within the operator's network. For example, a TSN AF might be an entity within the operator's 5GC, as the 5GC corresponds to the basic functionality supporting TSN.

[0096] Figure 1B The configuration of a base station in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1B The configuration shown can be understood as the configuration of base station 50. The terms "...unit" and "...device" used below refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0097] Reference Figure 1B The base station 50 includes a wireless communication unit 210, a backhaul communication unit 220, a storage unit 230, and a controller 240.

[0098] The wireless communication unit 210 performs functions for transmitting and receiving signals via a wireless channel. For example, the wireless communication unit 210 performs conversion functions between baseband signals and bitstreams according to the system's physical layer standard. For example, during data transmission, the wireless communication unit 210 generates composite symbols by encoding and modulating the transmitted bitstream. Furthermore, when receiving data, the wireless communication unit 210 recovers the received bitstream by demodulating and decoding the baseband signals.

[0099] Furthermore, the wireless communication unit 210 up-converts the baseband signal to an RF (radio frequency) band signal and then transmits the signal through an antenna, and down-converts the RF band signal received through the antenna back to a baseband signal. For this purpose, the wireless communication unit 210 may include a transmit filter, a receive filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a DAC (digital-to-analog converter), and an ADC (analog-to-digital converter). Additionally, the wireless communication unit 210 may include multiple transmit / receive paths. Furthermore, the wireless communication unit 210 may include at least one antenna array configured with multiple antenna elements.

[0100] In terms of hardware, the wireless communication unit 210 can be composed of digital units and analog units. The analog units can be configured through multiple sub-units according to the operating power, operating frequency, etc. The digital units can be implemented as at least one processor (e.g., a DSP (Digital Signal Processor)).

[0101] The wireless communication unit 210 transmits and receives signals as described above. Therefore, all or part of the wireless communication unit 210 may be referred to as a "transmitter", "receiver", or "transceiver". Furthermore, in the following description, "transmission and reception performed via a wireless channel" is used to mean including the processes performed by the wireless communication unit 210 as described above.

[0102] The backhaul communication unit 220 provides an interface for communicating with other nodes in the network. That is, the backhaul communication unit 220 converts bit streams sent from the base station to another node (e.g., another access node, another base station, upper-layer node, core network, etc.) into physical signals, and converts physical signals received from another node into bit streams.

[0103] Storage unit 230 stores data used for base station operation, such as basic programs, applications, and configuration information. Storage unit 230 can be configured as volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination of volatile and non-volatile memory. Furthermore, storage unit 230 provides stored data upon request from controller 240.

[0104] Controller 240 controls the overall operation of the base station. For example, controller 240 transmits and receives signals via wireless communication unit 210 or backhaul communication unit 220. Additionally, controller 240 records and retrieves data in storage unit 230. Controller 240 can perform the functions of the protocol stack required by the communication standard. According to various embodiments, the protocol stack may be included in wireless communication unit 210. For this purpose, controller 240 may include at least one processor. According to various embodiments, controller 240 can control the base station to perform operations according to the various embodiments described below.

[0105] Figure 1C The configuration of a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1C The configuration shown can be understood as the configuration of terminal 40. Terms such as "...unit" and "...device" used below refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0106] Reference Figure 1C The terminal 40 includes a communication unit 310, a storage unit 320, and a controller 330.

[0107] Communication unit 310 performs functions for transmitting and receiving signals via a wireless channel. For example, communication unit 310 performs conversion functions between baseband signals and bitstreams according to the system's physical layer standard. For example, during data transmission, communication unit 310 generates composite symbols by encoding and modulating the transmitted bitstream. Furthermore, when receiving data, communication unit 310 recovers the received bitstream by decoding and demodulating the baseband signal. Additionally, communication unit 310 up-converts the baseband signal to an RF band signal and then transmits the signal via an antenna, and down-converts the RF band signal received via the antenna back to a baseband signal. For example, communication unit 310 may include a transmit filter, a receive filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a DAC, and an ADC.

[0108] Furthermore, the communication unit 310 may include multiple transmit / receive paths. Additionally, the communication unit 310 may include at least one antenna array configured as multiple antenna elements. Regarding hardware, the communication unit 310 may be configured as digital and analog circuitry (e.g., an RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit)). In this respect, the digital and analog circuitry can be implemented in a single package. Furthermore, the communication unit 310 may include multiple RF chains. Furthermore, the communication unit 310 may perform beamforming.

[0109] Communication unit 310 transmits and receives signals as described above. Therefore, all or part of communication unit 310 may be referred to as a "transmitter", "receiver", or "transceiver". Furthermore, in the following description, "transmission and reception performed via a wireless channel" is used to mean including the processes performed by communication unit 310 as described above.

[0110] Storage unit 320 stores data used for terminal operation, such as basic programs, applications, and configuration information. Storage unit 320 can be configured as volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination of volatile and non-volatile memory. Furthermore, storage unit 320 provides stored data upon request from controller 330.

[0111] Controller 330 controls the overall operation of the terminal. For example, controller 330 sends and receives signals via communication unit 310. Additionally, controller 330 records and retrieves data in storage unit 320. Furthermore, controller 330 can perform the functions of the protocol stack required by the communication standard. For this purpose, controller 330 may include at least one processor or microprocessor, or may be part of a processor. Furthermore, communication unit 310 and part of controller 330 may be referred to as a CP (communication processor). According to various embodiments, controller 330 can control the terminal to perform operations according to the various embodiments described below.

[0112] Figure 1D The configuration of a core network object in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. For example... Figure 1D The configuration shown can be understood as having Figures 1A to 1D The configuration of a device that performs at least one function of AMF 90, SMF 80, UPF 30, PCF 85, NRF 95, UDM 75, AF70, NEF 65, and UDR 55. Terms such as "...unit" and "...device" as used below refer to a unit that performs at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0113] Reference Figure 1D The core network object 130 includes a communication unit 410, a storage unit 420, and a controller 430.

[0114] Communication unit 410 provides an interface for communicating with other devices in the network. Specifically, communication unit 410 converts bit streams sent from a core network object to another device into physical signals, and converts physical signals received from another device into bit streams. In other words, communication unit 410 can both send and receive signals. Therefore, communication unit 410 can be referred to as a modem, transmitter, receiver, or transceiver. In this case, communication unit 410 allows core network objects to communicate with other devices or systems via backhaul connections (e.g., wired or wireless backhaul) or via the network.

[0115] Storage unit 420 stores data used for the operation of core network objects, such as basic programs, applications, and configuration information. Storage unit 420 can be configured as volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination of volatile and non-volatile memory. Furthermore, storage unit 420 provides stored data upon request from controller 430.

[0116] Controller 430 controls the overall operation of the core network object. For example, controller 430 sends and receives signals via communication unit 410. Additionally, controller 430 records and retrieves data in storage unit 420. For this purpose, controller 430 may include at least one processor. According to various embodiments, controller 430 can control the core network object to perform operations according to various embodiments described below.

[0117] According to an embodiment, a method performed by a network entity in a core network in a wireless communication system includes: acquiring a burst arrival time associated with a 5G clock; and sending Time Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI), including information about the burst arrival time, to a node in an access network. The burst arrival time associated with the 5G clock is mapped from the TSN clock to the 5G clock based on the offset between the 5G system (5GS) time and the Time Sensitive Network (TSN) time.

[0118] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving information about the offset from the User Plane Function (UPF).

[0119] In some embodiments, if the change from the previous offset between the TSN time and the 5GS time to the offset is greater than a threshold, the information is sent from the UPF to the network entity.

[0120] In some embodiments, TSCAI is sent based on the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session modification process.

[0121] In some embodiments, if the burst arrival time is associated with the downlink, the burst arrival time is determined based on the core network (CN) packet delay budget (PDB), and if the burst arrival time is associated with the uplink, the burst arrival time is determined based on the UE dwell time.

[0122] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving information from an application function (AF) and determining TSCAI based on the received information.

[0123] In some embodiments, the network entity is a Session Management Function (SMF), and the mapping of burst arrival times associated with the 5G clock is performed by the Application Function (AF).

[0124] According to an embodiment, a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system includes: receiving Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) from a network entity in the core network, the TSCAI including information about burst arrival times associated with a 5G clock. The information about burst arrival times is determined based on the offset between the 5G system (5GS) time and the Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) time.

[0125] According to an embodiment, a method performed by a user plane function (UPF) in a wireless communication system includes: sending information about the offset between 5G system (5GS) time and time-sensitive network (TSN) time to a network entity in the core network.

[0126] In some embodiments, sending information about the offset includes: determining whether the change from a previous offset between the TSN time and the 5GS time to the offset is greater than a threshold; and based on the fact that the change is greater than the threshold, sending information about the offset to the network entity.

[0127] According to an embodiment, a method performed by an application function (AF) in a wireless communication system includes sending information to a network entity in the core network. The information is used to determine Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI). The TSCAI includes information about burst arrival times associated with a 5G clock.

[0128] In some embodiments, the method further includes: mapping the burst arrival time from the TSN clock to the 5G clock based on the offset between the 5G system (5GS) time and the time-sensitive network (TSN) time; and obtaining the burst arrival time associated with the 5G clock based on the mapping.

[0129] According to an embodiment, an apparatus for a network entity of a core network in a wireless communication system includes: at least one transceiver; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to: acquire a burst arrival time associated with a 5G clock; and control the at least one transceiver to send Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) including burst arrival time information to nodes accessing the network. The burst arrival time associated with the 5G clock is mapped from the Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) clock to the 5G clock based on the offset between the 5G system (5GS) time and the TSN time.

[0130] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further configured to control the at least one transceiver to receive information about the offset from the user plane function (UPF).

[0131] In some embodiments, information is sent from the UPF to the network entity if the change from the previous offset between the TSN time and the 5GS time is greater than a threshold.

[0132] In some embodiments, TSCAI is sent based on the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session modification process.

[0133] In some embodiments, if the burst arrival time is associated with the downlink, the burst arrival time is determined based on the core network (CN) packet delay budget (PDB); if the burst arrival time is associated with the uplink, the burst arrival time is determined based on the UE dwell time.

[0134] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is configured to: control the at least one transceiver to receive information from the application function (AF); and determine the TSCAI based on the received information.

[0135] In some embodiments, the network entity is a Session Management Function (SMF), and the mapping of burst arrival times associated with the 5G clock is performed by the Application Function (AF).

[0136] According to an embodiment, an apparatus operated by a base station in a wireless communication system includes: at least one transceiver; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to control the at least one transceiver to receive Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) from a network entity in the core network. The TSCAI information includes information about burst arrival times associated with a 5G clock. The burst arrival time information is determined based on the offset between 5G system (5GS) time and Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) time.

[0137] According to an embodiment, an apparatus operating by a user plane function (UPF) in a wireless communication system includes: at least one transceiver; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to control the at least one transceiver to transmit information about the offset between 5G system (5GS) time and Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) time to network entities in the core network.

[0138] In some embodiments, in order to send information about the offset, the at least one processor is configured to: determine whether the change from the previous offset between the TSN time and the 5GS time to the offset is greater than a threshold, and if the change is greater than the threshold, control the at least one transceiver to send information about the offset to the network entity.

[0139] According to an embodiment, an apparatus operated by an application function (AF) in a wireless communication system includes: at least one transceiver; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to control the at least one transceiver to transmit information to network entities in the core network. This information is used to determine Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI). The TSCAI includes information about burst arrival times associated with a 5G clock.

[0140] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to: map the burst arrival time from the TSN clock to the 5G clock time based on the offset between the 5G System (5GS) time and the Time Sensitive Network (TSN); and obtain the burst arrival time associated with the 5G clock according to the mapping.

[0141] According to an embodiment, a method for obtaining clock synchronization information in a base station configured to operate based on a reference clock of a wireless communication system includes: obtaining a burst arrival time of Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) based on a Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) clock; obtaining offset information indicating the difference between the TSN clock and the reference clock of the wireless communication system; and adjusting the burst arrival time based on the offset to obtain an adjusted burst arrival time based on the reference clock of the wireless communication system. In some embodiments, the "adjustment" operation from the previous to the current includes a mapping from the previous to the current.

[0142] In some embodiments, obtaining offset information includes: obtaining offset information using a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message from the terminal; or obtaining offset information using an N2 request message from the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF).

[0143] In some embodiments, obtaining offset information indicating the difference between the TSN clock of the wireless communication system and a reference clock includes: obtaining offset difference information indicating the difference between a previous offset and a current offset. Obtaining the adjusted burst arrival time includes: readjusting the adjusted burst arrival time based on the offset difference information to obtain an adjusted burst arrival time based on the clock referenced by the wireless communication system.

[0144] According to an embodiment, a method for obtaining clock synchronization information in a base station configured to operate based on a reference clock of a wireless communication system includes: obtaining an adjusted burst arrival time based on the reference clock of the wireless communication system, obtained by adjusting the burst arrival time of Time Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) based on a Time Sensitive Network (TSN) clock.

[0145] In some embodiments, obtaining the adjusted burst arrival time includes the previously adjusted burst arrival time received from an external device and the newly calculated and adjusted burst arrival time.

[0146] In some embodiments, obtaining the adjusted burst arrival time includes: obtaining the adjusted burst arrival time using a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message from the terminal; or obtaining the adjusted burst arrival time using an N2 request message from the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF).

[0147] In some embodiments, obtaining the adjusted burst arrival time includes: obtaining the previously adjusted burst arrival time and offset difference information indicating the difference between the previous offset and the current offset; and obtaining the adjusted burst arrival time based on the offset difference information and the previously adjusted burst arrival time.

[0148] In some embodiments, the terminal, session management function (SMF), policy and charging function (PCF), or application function (AF) calculates the adjusted burst arrival time.

[0149] In some embodiments, the base station allocates resources for performing transmissions with adjusted burst arrival times within a pre-configured time period.

[0150] In some embodiments, the reference clock includes a 5G clock.

[0151] In some embodiments, the time represented by the 5G clock includes the 5GS reference time.

[0152] Figure 2A This document illustrates clock synchronization for a wireless network that does not support wired networks (TSN, Time Sensitive Networking) (cited for the purpose of illustrating this disclosure) and the problem of utilizing a TSCAI reference clock that the solution according to embodiments of this disclosure aims to address.

[0153] Figure 2B An example of Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) transmitted between TSN-supported nodes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0154] Reference Figure 2A To support TSN in wired networks, TSN nodes 21 and 23 support a protocol for transmitting the TSNGM (Grand Master) 10 clock via Ethernet frames. To extend this to wireless networks, the UPF (User Plane Function) 30, acting as a gateway, and the UE (User Equipment) 40, acting as a terminal, have TSN converter functions to support the aforementioned protocol. A method has been proposed to support TSN clock transmission even between the UPF 30 and the UE 40. In this method, the terminal (UE) 40, the base station (gNB) 50, and the gateway (UPF) 30 in the 5G system synchronize using the 5G system clock. The UPF 30 and UE 40 use this synchronization to transfer the TSN clock value to the 5GS clock via a timestamp. That is, using this method, both the UPF 30 and UE 40 know both the TSN clock and the 5GS clock simultaneously, while the base station only knows the 5GS clock.

[0155] Simultaneously, to effectively transmit TSC services among TSN support nodes, TSN nodes 21 and 23 transmit service mode information to CNC (Central Network Controller) 60, and CNC 60 shares service mode information with other TSN nodes 21 and 23, thereby assisting in the scheduling of all nodes. The 5G system is regarded as a TSN node and receives service modes from CNC 60 via AF 70. These service modes arrive at the 5G system from external TSN nodes via UE 40 and UPF 30. Similarly, regarding services entering the 5G system, service modes exiting to external TSN nodes via UE 40 and UPF 30 are shared with CNC 60 via AF 70. When TSCAI (TSC Auxiliary Information), i.e., service characteristic information (including period, burst size, and burst arrival time, such as...), is generated, the information is shared with TSC AI (TSC Auxiliary Information), i.e., service characteristic information (including period, burst size, and burst arrival time, such as...). Figure 2BThe information (as shown) is passed to gNB 50, which can reflect this information for scheduling, thereby making efficient use of resources. For example, gNB 50 allocates burst sizes to resources for each pre-configured time period to perform transmissions at burst arrival times. In fact, since the information from CNC 60 arrives at UPF 30 in a downlink (DL) scenario, the maximum UPF dwell time and CN PDB (Packet Delay Budget) need to be corrected to change with reference to the input of gNB 50. Similarly, since the information from CNC 60 arrives at UE 40 in an uplink (UL) scenario, the UE dwell time needs to be corrected to change with reference to the input of gNB 50. The TSN reference time refers to the time used as a reference to represent the time on the TSN clock. As an example, the TSN reference time may include the time epoch associated with the TSN.

[0156] When using the clock synchronization method of the wireless communication network described above, the gateway (UPF) 30 and the terminal (UE) 40 of the wireless communication network know the clock of the wired communication network (TSC clock), while the base station (gNB) 50 does not. Therefore, the base station (gNB) 50 may not know the accurate reference clock of the TSCAI. In particular, since the burst arrival time is based on the TSN clock, the gNB 50, which only knows the 5GS clock, may not utilize this information.

[0157] Figure 3A The description of embodiments of this disclosure describes the need for additional transmission to gNB 50 to resolve [the issue]. Figure 2A Information regarding the questions raised in the text.

[0158] Figure 3B An example of a burst arrival time adjusted based on TSCAI is illustrated. The 5GS reference time refers to a reference time used to represent 5G clock time. For example, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the 5GS reference time may include a time epoch associated with 5GS.

[0159] In the first solution, this problem can be addressed by passing an offset (the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock) to the gNB 50. In one embodiment, the UPF 30 or UE 40 calculates the offset = T_5GS - T_TSN (the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock) and passes the calculated offset to the gNB 50, which converts the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to a time based on the 5GS clock (mapping) so that the converted time can be used for scheduling.

[0160] In the second solution, this issue can be addressed by transferring the burst arrival time based on the 5GS clock to the gNB 50. At any node in the information transmission process to the UE40, UPF 30, or gNB 50, this can be resolved by converting the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock. The gNB 50 can also convert the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock (mapping). In this case, the difference between the first and second solutions lies in the entity that manages the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock of the corresponding domain. In the first solution, the gNB 50 manages a list of burst arrival times for each TSN domain, while in the second solution, another network function manages this list instead of the gNB 50. A TSN domain refers to a node that uses the same TSN GM as a reference; a wired network may have multiple TSN domains. Current wired network standards support a maximum of 256, and current 5GS standards support a maximum of 32.

[0161] Figure 4A The illustration shows an embodiment of the information flow transmitted according to this disclosure to solve the problem of using a TSCAI reference clock in a wireless communication network. Figure 4B The illustration shows an embodiment of information flow transmitted according to this disclosure to address the problem of using a TSCAI reference clock in a wireless communication network. The method for transmitting an offset or burst arrival time based on a 5GS clock transition to the gNB 50 includes a method for the UE 40 to start the information flow and a method for the UPF 30 to start the information flow.

[0162] Reference Figure 4A UE 40 can start the information flow under the following conditions.

[0163] 1.1 Regarding gNB 50 via RRC (newly defined RRC (Radio Resource Control)) (Operation 311): UE 40 or gNB 50 can change from burst arrival time based on TSN clock to time based on 5GS clock.

[0164] 1.2 Regarding SMF 80 via NAS (PDU (Protocol Data Unit) Session Modification) (Operation 312): UE 40, SMF80 or gNB 50 can change the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock.

[0165] 1.3 Regarding SMF 80 (Operation 313) via NAS (PDU Session Modification) - (Notification) - PCF 85 path: UE 40, PCF 85, SMF 80 or gNB 50 can change the burst arrival time based on TSN clock to the time based on 5GS clock.

[0166] 1.4 Regarding SMF 80 (Operation 314) via NAS (PDU Session Modification) - (Notification) - PCF 85 - (Notification) - AF 70 path: UE 40, AF 70, PCF 85, SMF 80 or gNB 50 can change from burst arrival time based on TSN clock to time based on 5GS clock.

[0167] 1.5 Regarding AF 70 via non-3GPP methods (Operation 315): UE 40, AF 70, PCF 85, SMF 80 or gNB50 can change the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock.

[0168] 1.6 Regarding UPF 30 (Operation 316) via a synchronization process or a new interface: Adjustments can be performed in various NFs (Network Functions) to change the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock according to the follow-up flow following UPF30.

[0169] Reference Figure 4B UPF 30 can start the information flow under the following conditions.

[0170] 2.1 Non-3GPP method to AF 70 via a combination of AF 70-UPF 30 (Operation 321): Adjustments for changing the burst arrival time of a TSN clock-based clock to a 5GS clock-based clock can be performed by AF 70, PCF 85, SMF 80 or gNB 50.

[0171] 2.2 Via N4 interface to SMF 80 (N4 report / notification) (Operation 322): SMF 80 or gNB50 can perform adjustments to change the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock.

[0172] 2.3 Via UPF 30-N4-SMF 80-(Notification)-PCF 85 to PCF 85 (Operation 323): The adjustment for changing the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock is performed by PCF 85, SMF80 or gNB 50.

[0173] 2.4 Via UPF 30-(N4)-SMF 80-(Notification)-PCF 85-(Notification)-AF 70 path to AF70 (Operation 324): Adjustment for changing the burst arrival time based on TSN to the time based on the 5GS clock is performed by AF 70, PCF 85, SMF 80 or gNB 50.

[0174] 2.5 Piggyback transfer to UE 40 via synchronization process or new interface: Adjustments can be performed by various NFs to change the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock, according to the follow-up stream from UE 40.

[0175] Table 1 shows corresponding embodiments reflecting a comprehensive evaluation of the additional information transmitted in wireless networks, information transmission flow, and TSCAI adjustments in order to solve the problem of using the TSCAI reference clock in wireless communication networks. Table 1 shows reference... Figure 2A and 2B as well as Figure 3A and Figure 3B The above description includes the accompanying drawings of the corresponding embodiments.

[0176] Table 1

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] In the following text, reference will be made to Figures 5 to 55 Describe an embodiment of each entity that performs the operations or information flow used by the application to transmit offsets or adjust time. Meanwhile, Figures 5 to 55 The signaling shown is merely an example of an embodiment, and the signaling between specific entities (e.g., notifications, requests, and responses) should not be construed as limiting the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0180] In the following description, the offset between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock mentioned in this disclosure may include at least one of a time offset (which is a time difference) or a frequency offset (which is a speed difference). The time offset may be determined based on the time of the 5GS clock (e.g., 5GS_time) / the time of the TSN clock (e.g., TSN_time). For example, the time offset may be determined based on the difference between the time of the TSN clock and the time of the 5GS clock. According to an embodiment, the UPF (NW-TT) may calculate and update the time offset value. The UPF may update core network entities (e.g., SMF and AF) on the time offset. The time offset can be used to convert burst arrival times based on the TSN clock to times based on the 5GS clock (mapping). Network entities associated with the core network (5GC) (e.g., SMF, AF, PCF, and AMF) may map burst arrival times based on the TSN clock to times based on the 5GS clock based on the time offset. Base stations (e.g., gNBs) may obtain burst arrival times associated with the 5GS clock via TSCAI.

[0181] Frequency offset can be determined based on the frequency of the 5GS clock (e.g., frequency_5GS) / the frequency of the TSN clock (e.g., frequency_TSN). For example, the frequency offset can be determined based on the ratio of the TSN clock frequency to the 5GS clock frequency. According to an embodiment, the UPF (NW-TT) can calculate and update the frequency offset value. The UPF can update core network entities (e.g., SMF and AF) on the frequency offset. The frequency offset can be used to map TSN clock-based cycles to 5GS clock-based cycles. Network entities associated with the core network (5GC) (e.g., SMF, AF, PCF, and AMF) can map TSN clock-based cycles to 5GS clock-based cycles based on the frequency offset. Base stations (e.g., gNBs) can obtain the cycles associated with the 5GS clock via TSCAI. The operation and associated description of each entity with respect to the time offset can be modified and applied in the same or similar manner as that applied to the frequency offset.

[0182] Figure 5 This illustrates a signal flow graph of the initial flow in the method of using offset in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and shows the adjustment performed by AF 70. Figure 6 This illustrates a signal flow graph of the initial flow in the gNB 50 using an offset method according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and shows the adjustment performed by the PCF 85. Figure 7 This illustrates a signal flow diagram of the initial flow in the method of using offset in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and shows the adjustment performed by SMF 80. Corresponding to the initial flow in the method of using offset in gNB 50... Figure 5 , 6 The signaling shown in Figures 7 and 7 is merely an example of adjustments performed by AF 70, PCF 85, and SMF 80. Signaling displayed between specific entities (e.g., notifications, requests, and responses) should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in the figures. In this case, a separate stream ID is not required, and the TSCAI, including the burst arrival time for each domain, is passed to gNB 50. UE 40 manages the TSN-specific domain offset for UL services, manages the TSCAI received from the TSN-specific domain CNC 60, and knows the maximum UE dwell time. UPF 30 manages the domain-specific offset for DL ​​services, and AF 70 manages the domain-specific TSCAI for DL ​​services and knows the maximum UPF dwell time and CNPDB. AF 70 is also responsible for exchanging information about UL and DL services with CNC 60, and therefore also knows the domain-specific TSCAI, maximum UE dwell time, maximum UPF dwell time, and CNPDB for UL and DL services.

[0183] Reference Figure 5 Information can be passed along the following flow for the gNB 50 to obtain the burst arrival time. The TSN system can pass TSCAI information via CNC 60 and CNC management messages (Operation 511), and CNC 60 can pass TSCAI information to AF 70 via TSN bridge management messages (Operation 513). AF 70 can perform adjustments to the burst arrival time by applying the UL dwell time in the case of UL or the UPF dwell time and CN PDB in the case of DL (Operation 515). In addition, an initial value for a domain-specific default offset can be applied. AF 70 is aware of this value. Next, AF 70 can pass the TSCAI information and default offset to PCF 85 via NR request / response message (operation 517). PCF 85 can pass the TSCAI information and default offset to SMF 80 via N7 PDU session modification request (operation 519). SMF 80 can pass the default offset to UPF 30 via N4 PDU session modification request / response (operations 521 and 523). SMF 80 can pass the TSCAI information and default offset to AMF 90 via N11 request message (operation 525). AMF 90 can pass the TSCAI information and default offset to gNB 50 via N2 session request message (operation 527). gNB 50 can modify the resources used to send data to terminal 40 based on the received TSCAI information and default offset (operation 529). Furthermore, gNB 50 can transmit an N2 session response message to AMF 90 (operation 531), and AMF 90 can send an N11 response message to SMF 80 (operation 533). Having received the N11 response message, SMF 80 can notify UE 40 of the default offset by transmitting an N1 PDU session modification request to UE 40 (operation 535), and UE 40 can, in response to the received message, transmit an N1 PDU session modification response message to SMF 80 (operation 537). Subsequently, SMF 80 can transmit an N7 notification message to PCF 85 (operation 539), and PCF 85 can transmit an N5 notification message to AF 70 (operation 541).

[0184] Reference Figure 6 When PCF 85 performs adjustments (operation 617), PCF 85 uses the domain-specific default offset passed from AF 70, and PCF 85 knows the maximum UE dwell time, maximum UPF dwell time, and CN PDB. Other operations for obtaining burst arrival time by gNB 50 are similar. Figure 5 The operation is similar in that... Figure 6 Operations 611 to 641 shown can be similar to Figure 5 Operations 511 to 541 are shown.

[0185] Reference Figure 7 When the SMF80 performs adjustments (operation 723), it uses the default offset for each domain, which is passed via AF70 and PCF 85. In this case, the SMF80 knows the maximum UE dwell time, the maximum UPF dwell time, and the CN PDB. Other operations of the gNB 50 for obtaining burst arrival times are similar. Figure 5 The operation is similar to that in [the context of the previous sentence]. Figure 7 The operations 711 to 741 shown can be similar to Figure 5 Operations 511 to 541 are shown in the diagram.

[0186] Figure 8 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE40->gNB50 flow in the method of using offset in gNB50 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 9 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80 flow in the method of using offset in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 10 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85 flow in the method of using offset in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 11 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE40->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow in the method of using offset in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the AF 70 flow in the gNB 50 using an offset method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 This is a signal flow graph showing the AF 70 stream in the method of using offsets in gNB50. Figure 13 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->UPF30 flow in the method of using offset in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 , 9 The signaling shown in 10, 11, 12 and 13 illustrates the method of gNB 50 using offsets. It is only used to illustrate the UE 40->gNB 50, UE 40->SMF 80, UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85, UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70, AF 70 and UE 40->UPF 30 flows in the embodiments, and the signaling representation between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0187] To synchronize with the TSN clock of UPF 30, during the process of sending and receiving synchronization frames to and from UPF 30, UE 40 calculates offsets (e.g., time offset = 5GS - TSN (the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock), e.g., frequency offset) (operations 811, 911, 1011, 1111, 1211, and 1311). If the difference (change) between the old offset (previously used for adjustment) and the newly calculated (measured) offset exceeds a certain threshold, information transmission is triggered. This threshold is determined either by the precision difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock or based on the size of the corresponding flow period or a delay request. For example, if the precision difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock is too large (i.e., frequent), the threshold may be large to prevent signaling. Additionally, if the corresponding flow period is large or the delay request is large, the threshold may also be large. Regarding the conditions for UE 40 to transmit information, UE 40 may transmit information at regular intervals or when the signaling load does not exceed a certain level. In this scenario, since the gNB 50 knows the burst arrival time of the flows associated with each domain, when the domain and offset difference (the difference between the old and new offsets) are passed to the gNB 50, the gNB 50 can use the offset difference to adjust the burst arrival time of all flows associated with the corresponding domain without considering individual flow IDs. This process can be performed such that each domain is synchronized with the 5GS clock, thus having a separate clock with a difference as large as the offset. The operation of comparing the offset difference with a threshold can be similarly applied to the second scenario, such as... Figures 22 to 41 as well as Figure 8 , 9 As shown in 10, 11, 12 and 13.

[0188] Reference Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the method used by gNB 50 to process the UE 40 -> gNB 50 flow using offsets. UE 40 uses RRC to transmit only domain and offset difference (the difference between the old and new offsets) information to gNB 50 (operation 813). gNB 50 uses the offset to adjust the burst arrival time of all flows corresponding to the respective domain (operation 815). At this point, UE 40 can send the domain and offset to AF 70 (operation 819), thereby updating the domain-specific offset managed by AF 70, and AF 70 can send an ACK to UE 40 (operation 821). gNB 50 can send an acknowledgment of the RRC response to UE 40 (operation 817).

[0189] See Figure 9This diagram illustrates the UE 40 -> SMF 80 flow in the gNB 50 using the offset method. UE 40 sends a request to SMF 80 using a PDU session modification message, and the domain and offset difference information is passed to gNB 50 via the N2 message (Operation 931). SMF 80 shares the domain and offset difference with PCF 85 and AF 70 via a notification procedure (Operations 915 to 923). Furthermore, SMF 80 can also share the domain and offset difference with UPF 30 via the N4 message (Operations 925 and 927). The N11 request, N2 request, offset update, resource modification, N2 response, N11 response, and N1PDU session modification response occur at operations 929 to 941, as follows: Figure 9 As shown.

[0190] Reference Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the UE 40 -> SMF 80 -> PCF 85 flow using the offset method in gNB 50. SMF 80 is executed immediately. Figure 9 The PDU session modification request in the middle, but PCF 85 is for Figure 10 The terminal's PDU session modification request is confirmed. Operations 1011 to 1045 are as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0191] Reference Figure 11 The diagram illustrates the UE 40 -> SMF 80 -> PCF 85 -> AF70 flow using the offset method in gNB 50. SMF 80 is executed immediately. Figure 9 PDU session modification requests in PCF 85 Figure 10 The PDU session modification request of the terminal in Figure 1 is determined, but AF 70 determines the PDU session modification request of the terminal in Figure 1. Operations 1111 to 1145 are in Figure 11 As shown in the image.

[0192] Reference Figure 12 The diagram illustrates the UE 40->AF 70 flow using the offset method in gNB 50. Using Figure 11 The message sent from UE 40 to SMF 80 is used to transmit information, but Figure 12 Direct communication during the application phase between UE 40 and AF 70 was used. Other operations are similar. Figure 11 As shown in the diagram. Operations 1211 to 1243 are as follows. Figure 12 As shown.

[0193] Reference Figure 13This diagram illustrates the UE 40 -> UPF 30 flow using the offset method in gNB 50. Whenever UE 40 receives a TSN synchronization frame, UE 40 sends an offset to UPF 30 to achieve TSN synchronization between them. Although an alternative method could be used, the mapping can be implemented through a process where the offset is logically passed. In this case, when the criteria for triggering information transmission are met, UE 40 passes the offset to UPF 30 by adding a separate indicator indicating that the offset needs to be passed up to gNB 50 (operation 1313). When the offset with this indicator is received, UPF 30 begins the process of passing the corresponding domain and offset difference to gNB 50. For details on this process, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 14 , 15 16 or 17. Operations 1311 to 1343 are in Figure 13 As shown in the image.

[0194] Figure 14 This is a signal flow graph illustrating the UPF30->AF70 flow in the gNB 50 using an offset method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Operations 1411 to 1439 are in Figure 14 As shown in the image. Figure 15 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30 -> SMF 80 flow in the gNB 50 using an offset method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Operations 1511 to 1545 are in Figure 15 As shown in the image. Figure 16 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80->AF 70 flow in the gNB 50 using an offset method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Operations 1611 to 1643 are in Figure 16 As shown in the image. Figure 17 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF30->SMF80->PCF85 flow in the offset method of gNB50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Operations 1711 to 1745 are in Figure 17 As shown in the image. Figure 18 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->UE 40 flow in the method of using offset on gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Operations 1811 to 1829 are... Figure 18 As shown in [the image]. Figure 14 , 15 The signaling shown in 16, 17 and 18 using the offset method of gNB 50 is merely an example for illustrating the UPF 30->AF 70, UPF 30->SMF 80, UPF 30->SMF 80->AF 70, UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85 and UPF 30->UE 40 flows, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0195] For TSN clock synchronization, during the process of sending and receiving synchronization frames from UE 40, UPF 30 calculates offsets (e.g., time offset = 5GS - TSN (the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock), e.g., frequency offset) (operations 1411, 1511, 1611, 1711, and 1811). If the difference (or change) between the old offset (i.e., the offset previously used for adjustment) and the newly calculated (measured) offset exceeds a certain threshold, information transmission is triggered. This threshold is either the precision difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, or determined based on the size of the corresponding flow period or the delay request. For example, if the precision difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock is too large (i.e., frequent), the threshold may be large to prevent signaling. Additionally, if the corresponding flow period is large or the delay request is large, the threshold may also be large. Regarding the conditions for UPF 30 to send information, UPF 30 can send information at regular intervals or when the signaling load does not exceed a certain level. In this scenario, since the gNB 50 manages domain-specific flows, there is no need to separately transmit an ID to identify the flow. Having received the domain and offset difference information, the gNB 50 selects all burst arrival times associated with the corresponding domain and performs adjustments via offset_difference. This process can be implemented such that each domain is synchronized with the 5GS clock and thus has a separate clock with a difference as large as the offset. The operation of comparing a threshold and the difference between the previous and current offsets can be similarly applied to the second scenario, as... Figures 42 to 55 And as shown in 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18.

[0196] Reference Figure 14 The diagram illustrates the UPF 30 -> AF 70 flow in the offset method used on gNB 50. The operation (1413) where UPF 30 directly connects to AF 70 via the application process does not exist in the prior art and therefore needs to be defined separately. In this case, UPF 30 needs to pass information containing the domain and offset difference to AF 70. When the information transfer request triggered by AF 70 is passed to SMF 80 via PCF 85 (operations 1417 and 1419), SMF 80 passes this information to gNB 50 via N2 messages (operations 1421 and 1423).

[0197] Reference Figure 15This diagram illustrates the UPF 30 -> SMF 80 flow in the method of using offsets on gNB 50. If UPF 30 transmits a domain-specific offset difference using N4 report messages, etc. (operations 1513 and 1515), then SMF 80 uses a PDU session modification procedure based on this difference to transmit the domain and offset difference information to gNB 50 using an N2 message. In this process, SMF 80 and PCF 85 transmit the domain and offset difference to PCF 85 and AF 70 respectively using notification messages (operations 1517, 1519, 1523, and 1525).

[0198] Reference Figure 16 The figure illustrates the UPF 30 -> SMF 80 -> PCF 85 flow in the gNB 50 using the offset method. Figure 15 SMF 80 confirms PDU session modification, but in Figure 16 PCF 85 determines whether to modify the PDU session.

[0199] Reference Figure 17 The diagram illustrates the UPF 30 -> SMF 80 -> PCF 85 -> AF 70 flow using the offset method in gNB 50. Figure 15 SMF 80 confirms PDU session modification, in Figure 16 PCF 85 determines whether to modify the PDU session. Figure 17 AF 70 confirms PDU session modification.

[0200] Reference Figure 18 This diagram illustrates the UPF 30 -> UE 40 flow in the gNB 50 using an offset method. Whenever UPF 30 receives a TSN synchronization frame from an external TSN node, UPF 30 sends an offset to UE 40 to achieve TSN synchronization with UE 40. While an alternative method could be used, mapping can be achieved through a logically transmitted offset process. In this case, when the criteria for triggering information transmission are met, UPF 30 transmits the offset to UE 40 by adding a separate indicator indicating that the offset needs to be passed up to gNB 50. Upon receiving the offset with this indicator, UE 40 begins the process of transmitting the corresponding domain and offset difference to gNB 50. For more details on this process, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 8 , 9 10, 11 or 12.

[0201] Figure 19 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the initial flow in a method using an adjusted burst arrival time with a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and also illustrating the adjustment performed by the AF 70. Operations 1911 to 1945 are... Figure 19 As shown in the image. Figure 20This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the initial flow in a method using adjusted burst arrival times in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and the adjustment performed by PCF 85 is illustrated. Operations 2011 to 2039 are shown in Figure 2. Figure 21 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the initial flow in a method using an adjusted burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and it also illustrates the adjustment performed by the SMF 80. Operations 2111 to 2141 are shown in Figure 21 middle. Figure 19 , 20 The signaling for the initial flow in the method corresponding to the adjusted burst arrival time in gNB 50 in section 21 is merely an example for interpreting embodiments performed by AF 70, PCF 85, and SMF 80 respectively, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In this case, a separate flow ID is not required, and the TSCAI including the domain-specific burst arrival time is passed to gNB 50. UE 40 manages the TSN domain-specific offset for UL services, manages the TSCAI received from CNC 60 for each TSN domain, and knows the maximum UE dwell time. UPF 30 manages the domain-specific offset for DL ​​services, and AF 70 manages the domain-specific TSCAI for DL ​​services and knows the maximum UPF dwell time and CN PDB. AF 70 is also responsible for exchanging information about UL and DL services with CNC 60, and therefore knows the domain-specific TSCAI for UL and DL services, as well as the maximum UE dwell time, maximum UPF dwell time, and CN PDB. Figure 5 , 6 In 7, if the gNB 50 receive domain and offset are used as inputs, then in Figure 19 , 20 The burst arrival time of the gNB 50 receiver in 21 is used as input.

[0202] Reference Figure 19 This diagram corresponds to the initial flow in the gNB 50 using the adjusted burst arrival time method and shows the adjustment performed by AF 70 (operation 1915). The burst arrival times included in the flow after the adjustment is performed by AF 70 represent the adjusted burst arrival times.

[0203] Reference Figure 20 This diagram corresponds to the initial flow in the gNB 50 using the adjusted burst arrival time method and shows the adjustment performed by PCF 85 (Operation 2017). From AF 70 to PCF 85, the unadjusted burst arrival time is passed. The burst arrival time included in the flow after the adjustment is performed by PCF 85 is the adjusted burst arrival time.

[0204] Reference Figure 21 This diagram corresponds to the initial flow in the method of gNB 50 using adjusted burst arrival times and shows the adjustment performed by SMF 80 (operation 2123). The burst arrival times that have not yet been adjusted are passed from AF 70 to SMF 80, and the burst arrival times included in the flow after the adjustment performed by SMF 80 are the adjusted burst arrival times.

[0205] As in Figures 19 to 21 The main entities that perform the mapping operation and pass the TSCAI, as described herein, may be the same or different. According to embodiments (e.g., Figure 21 The SMF can perform mapping operations and send the TSCAI based on the mapping result. For example, the SMF can determine the transmission of the TSCAI. That is, the SMF can trigger the transmission of the TSCAI. The SMF can generate the TSCAI. The SMF can send the generated TSCAI to the 5G-AN, i.e., the base station. Furthermore, according to embodiments (e.g., Figure 19 In this case, a node other than the SMF (e.g., AF) can determine the transmission of TSCAI. That is, another node might trigger the transmission of TSCAI. In this situation, the 5GC's SMF might send the TSCAI to the 5G-AN (base station) through another node. This is because the SMF, as the primary entity managing the PDU session, is responsible for configuring / updating QoS flows within the PDU session. Since TSCAI is transmitted through the QoS update process, the SMF can ultimately send the TSCAI to the 5G-AN, i.e., the base station.

[0206] Figure 22 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->gNB 50 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and it illustrates the adjustment performed by the UE (operation 2211). Operations 2211 to 2219 in Figure 22 As shown in the image. Figure 23 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE40->gNB50 flow utilized in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time on the gNB50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and it illustrates the adjustment performed by the gNB50 (operation 2315). Operations 2311 to 2321 in Figure 23 As shown in the image. Figure 22 and 23 The signaling using the UE 40->gNB 50 stream in the method of using adjusted burst arrival time shown is merely an example for interpreting adjustments performed by UE 40 (operation 2211) or gNB 50 (operation 2315), and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The standard for UE 40 triggering message transmission is... Figure 8, 9 The same applies to 10, 11, 12, and 13. In this case, since the domain-specific flow is not managed by gNB 50, the old burst arrival time is used as the ID to identify the flow.

[0207] Figure 22 The diagram illustrates the UE40->gNB50 flow used in the method of adjusting burst arrival times in gNB50, showing the adjustment performed by UE40. When the information transmission conditions are met, UE40 selects all flows associated with the corresponding domain and performs the adjustment using offset differences (operation 2211). When an unadjusted burst arrival time is indicated as the old burst arrival time and an adjusted burst arrival time is indicated as the new burst arrival time, UE40 transmits these two pieces of information to gNB50 (operation 2213). gNB50 replaces the old burst arrival time with the new burst arrival time.

[0208] Figure 23 The diagram illustrates the UE 40->gNB 50 flow used in the method of adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50, showing the adjustment performed by gNB 50. When the information transmission conditions are met, UE 40 selects all flows associated with the corresponding domain and transmits the flows along with the offset difference to gNB 50 by specifying the flows as the old burst arrival time (operation 2313). gNB 50 applies the offset difference to the old burst arrival time to adjust it to the new burst arrival time (operation 2315).

[0209] Figure 24 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the UE 40 (operation 2411). Operations 2411 to 2441 in Figure 24 As shown in the image. Figure 25 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE40->SMF 80 flow utilized in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by SMF 80 (operation 2525). Operations 2511 to 2541 are shown in Figure 25 middle. Figure 26 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB 50 (operation 2635). Operations 2611 to 2643 in Figure 26 As shown in the image. Figure 24 , 25The signaling of the UE 40->SMF 80 flow in the method of using adjusted burst arrival time in gNB 50 shown in Figures 2411, 2525 and 2635 is merely an example of an embodiment of the adjustment performed by UE 40, SMF 80 and gNB 50, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0210] The standard for UE 40 to trigger information transmission is the same as that in the other flow diagrams mentioned above. Figure 24 In UE 40, all domain-specific flows are selected and the flow ID is used as an alternative to the old burst arrival time. Figure 25 and 26 SMF 80 selects all domain-specific flows and uses the flow ID as a replacement for the old burst arrival time.

[0211] Figure 27 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by UE 40. Operations 2711 to 2743 are shown in Figure 27 middle. Figure 28 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85 flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by PCF 85. Operations 2811 to 2943 are shown in Figure 28 middle. Figure 29 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85 flow used in a method using adjusted burst arrival time on gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by SMF 80. Operations 2911 to 2945 are shown in Figure 29 middle. Figure 30 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85 flow used in a method using adjusted burst arrival time on a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustments performed by the gNB 50. Operations 3011 to 3045 in Figure 30 As shown in the image. Figure 27 , 28 The signaling utilizing the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85 flow in the method of using adjusted burst arrival time in gNB 50, shown in Figures 29 and 30, is merely an example for explaining embodiments of adjustments performed by UE 40, PCF 85, SMF 80, and gNB 50 respectively, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 24 In 25 and 26, SMF 80 determines PDU session modification, but in Figure 27 In 28, 29 and 30, PCF 85 determines PDU session modifications. Figure 27 In UE 40, all domain-specific flows are selected and the flow ID is used as a replacement for the old burst arrival time. Figure 28 In 29 and 30, PCF 85 selects all domain-specific flows and uses the flow ID as a replacement for the old burst arrival time.

[0212] Figure 31 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by UE 40. Operations 3111 to 3143 in Figure 31 As shown in the image. Figure 32 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by AF 70. Operations 3211 to 3247 in Figure 32 As shown in the image. Figure 33 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow used in the method of adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50, and the adjustment performed by PCF 85 is illustrated. Operations 3311 to 3345 are shown in Figure 33 middle. Figure 34 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by SMF 80. Operations 3411 to 3445 in Figure 34 As shown in the image. Figure 35 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and also illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB 50. Operations 3511 to 3545 in Figure 35 As shown in the image.

[0213] Figure 31 , 32The signaling of the UE40->SMF80->PCF85->AF70 stream in the method of using adjusted burst arrival time in gNB 50 shown in 33, 34 and 35 is merely an example for illustration of adjustments performed by UE 40, AF 70, PCF 85, SMF 80 and gNB 50 respectively, and the signaling between specific entities is not to be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 24 , 25 And in 26, SMF 80 confirms PDU session modification. Figure 27 In 28, 29, and 30, PCF 85 determines PDU session modifications. Figure 31 , 32 In AF 70, 33, 34 and 35, PDU session modifications are determined. Figure 31 In UE 40, all domain-specific flows are selected and the flow ID is used as a replacement for the old burst arrival time. Figure 32 In 33, 34 and 35, AF 70 selects all domain-specific flows and uses the flow ID as a replacement for the old burst arrival time.

[0214] Figure 36 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and showing the adjustment performed by UE 40. Operations 3611 to 3641 in Figure 36 As shown in the image. Figure 37 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by AF 70. Operations 3711 to 3741 are shown in Figure 37 middle. Figure 38 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE40->AF70 flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by PCF 85. Operations 3811 to 3843 in Figure 38 As shown in the image. Figure 39 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE40->AF70 flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by SMF 80. Operations 3911 to 3943 are shown in Figure 39 . Figure 40 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB 50. Operations 4011 to 4043 are performed in... Figure 40 As shown in the image.

[0215] Figure 36 , 37 The signaling utilizing the UE40->AF70 flow in the method of using adjusted burst arrival time in gNB 50, shown in 38, 39, and 40, is merely an example for interpreting embodiments of adjustments performed by UE 40, AF 70, PCF 85, SMF 80, and gNB 50 respectively, and the signaling between specific entities is not to be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 36 , 37 In 38, 39, and 40, UE 40 uses application-level messages to transmit information to AF 70, while... Figure 31 , 32 In 33, 34 and 35, information from UE 40 to SMF 80 via NAS message is transmitted to AF70 via PCF 85 using the notification function.

[0216] Figure 41 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UE 40->UPF 30 flow used in a method employing adjusted burst arrival time on a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Operations 4111 to 4143 in Figure 41 As shown in the image. Figure 41 The signaling described herein is merely an example to illustrate an embodiment of utilizing the UE 40->UPF 30 flow in a method using adjusted burst arrival time, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiment to the description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Adjustment refers to a situation where the UPF 30->AF 70 flow from various subsequent flows of UPF 30 is combined, and adjustment is performed by PCF 85 (operation 4123). Further procedures for transferring information from UPF 30 can be found in [reference needed]. Figures 42 to 54 .

[0217] Figure 42 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by AF 70. Operations 4211 to 4237 in Figure 42 As shown in the image. Figure 43 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by PCF 85. Operations 4311 to 4339 in Figure 43 As shown in the image. Figure 44This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by SMF 80. Operations 4411 to 4439 in Figure 44 As shown in the image. Figure 45 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB 50. Operations 4511 to 4539 in Figure 45 As shown in the image.

[0218] Figure 42 , 43 The signaling utilizing the UPF30->AF70 stream in the method of using adjusted burst arrival time in gNB 50, shown in 44 and 45, is merely an example for explaining embodiments of adjustments performed by AF 70, PCF 85, SMF 80, and gNB 50, respectively, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The criteria for triggering information transmission and Figures 14 to 18 The same as in the previous example. After the adjustment is performed, the old burst arrival time is used as the stream ID.

[0219] Figure 46 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80 flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by SMF 80. Operations 4611 to 4641 in Figure 46 As shown in the image. Figure 47 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80 stream used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and the adjustment performed by the gNB 50 is illustrated. Operations 4711 to 4743 are performed in... Figure 47 As shown in the image.

[0220] Figure 46 and Figure 47 The signaling utilizing the UPF 30 -> SMF 80 stream in the method of using adjusted burst arrival time on gNB 50 shown is merely an example of an embodiment explaining the adjustment performed by SMF 80 or gNB 50, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The criteria for triggering message delivery and Figures 14 to 18 The same as in the previous example. After the adjustment is performed, the old burst arrival time is used as the stream ID.

[0221] Figure 48This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in g NB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by PCF 85. Operations 4811 to 4843 in Figure 48 As shown. Figure 49 A signal flow diagram of the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85 streams used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, and the adjustment performed by the SMF is illustrated. Operations 4911 to 4945 are performed in... Figure 49 As shown in the image. Figure 50 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85 flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB 50. Operations 5011 to 5045 in Figure 50 As shown in the image.

[0222] Figure 48 , 49 The signaling using the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85 stream in the method of utilizing adjusted burst arrival time in gNB 50, shown in Figure 50, is merely an example of an embodiment explaining the adjustments performed by PCF 85, SMF 80, or gNB 5 respectively. Signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The criteria for triggering message delivery and... Figures 14 to 18 The same as in the previous example. After the adjustment is performed, the old burst arrival time is used as the stream ID.

[0223] Figure 51 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and showing the adjustment performed by AF 70. Operations 5111 to 5143 in Figure 51 As shown in the image. Figure 52 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by PCF 85. Operations 5211 to 5245 in Figure 52 As shown in the image. Figure 53 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting the burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by SMF 80. Operations 5311 to 5345 in Figure 53 As shown in the image. Figure 54 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF85->AF 70 flow used in a method for adjusting burst arrival time in a gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure, and illustrating the adjustment performed by the gNB 50. Operations 5411 to 5445 in Figure 54 As shown in the image.

[0224] Figure 51 , 52 The signaling using the UPF 30->SMF 80->PCF 85->AF 70 stream in the method of utilizing adjusted burst arrival time in gNB 50 shown in 53 and 54 is merely an example to illustrate embodiments of adjustments performed by AF 70, PCF 85, SMF 80, or gNB 50, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the operation of the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The criteria for triggering information transmission and Figures 14 to 18 The same as in the previous example. After the adjustment is performed, the old burst arrival time is used as the stream ID.

[0225] Figure 55 This is a signal flow diagram illustrating the UPF 30->UE 40 flow used in a method of adjusting burst arrival time in gNB 50 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. It shows that the UE 40->gNB50 flow is combined in a subsequent flow from UE 40, and in this case, adjustment is performed by gNB 50 (operation 5519). Operations 5511 to 5525 in Figure 55 As shown in the image.

[0226] Figure 55 The signaling described herein is merely an example illustrating an embodiment of the UPF 30->UE 40 flow in the method of using adjusted burst arrival time in g NB 50, and the signaling between specific entities should not be construed as limiting the embodiments described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Other procedures for transmitting information from UE 40 can be found in [reference needed]. Figures 22 to 40 .

[0227] If passed Figures 42 to 55 As described, depending on which entity (e.g., AF, SMF, etc.) performs the mapping operation, the path the UPF takes to send and update the difference (e.g., time offset and frequency offset) between the 5G clock and the TSN clock is different. For example, as Figure 51As shown, the UPF can send information about the difference between the 5G clock and the TSN clock (hereinafter referred to as difference information) to the SMF. The SMF can then pass the difference information to the AF. The AF can perform a mapping operation based on this difference information and obtain the burst arrival time or period based on the 5G clock mapping. The AF can pass information about the mapped burst arrival time or the mapped period to the SMF, and the SMF can pass information about the 5G clock (e.g., burst arrival time and period) to the base station (e.g., gNB 50) through the PDU session procedure. For example, as Figure 52 As shown, the UPF can send information about the difference between the 5G clock and the TSN clock (hereinafter referred to as the difference information) to the SMF. The SMF can then pass the difference information to the AF. The AF can then pass the difference information to the PCF. The PCF can perform a mapping operation based on this difference information and obtain the burst arrival time or period based on the 5G clock mapping. The PCF can pass information about the mapped burst arrival time or mapping period to the SMF, and the SMF can pass information about the TSN clock to the base station (e.g., gNB 50) through the PDU session procedure. For example, as Figure 53 As shown, the UPF can send information about the difference between the 5G clock and the TSN clock (hereinafter, "difference information") to the SMF. The SMF performs a mapping operation based on this difference information and obtains the burst arrival time or period based on the 5G clock mapping. The SMF can pass information about the mapped burst arrival time or the mapped period to the SMF, and the SMF can pass information about the TSN clock to the base station (e.g., gNB 50) through the PDU session procedure. For example, as... Figure 54 As shown, the UPF can send information about the difference between the 5G clock and the TSN clock (hereinafter referred to as the difference information) to the SMF. The SMF can then transmit the difference information to the base station. The base station can then obtain the burst arrival time or period based on the 5G clock mapping. For example, as... Figure 55 As shown, the UPF can send information about the difference between the 5G clock and the TSN clock (hereinafter referred to as the difference information) to the terminal. The terminal can then transmit the difference information to the base station. The base station can then obtain the burst arrival time or period based on the 5G clock mapping.

[0228] Since the base station (e.g., gNB) is unaware of the TSN clock, the following signaling between entities in the core network has been described, which is used to transmit to the base station an offset as the difference between the 5G clock and the TSN clock, or to transmit information reflecting the offset (e.g., burst arrival time associated with the 5G clock reference). In this case, the offset (i.e., the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock) can be indicated in a differentiated manner based on the absolute time difference and the speed difference. In an embodiment, the UPF 30 or UE 40 can calculate the time offset = T_5GS - T_TSN (the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock) and can calculate the offset as the frequency offset = frequency_5GS / frequency_TSN. In this case, the time offset can be used to map the burst arrival time based on the TSN clock to the time based on the 5GS clock. The frequency offset can be used to map the period based on the TSN clock to the period based on the 5GS clock.

[0229] When an offset is transferred from UPF 30 or UE 40 to SMF / PCF / AF, one of UPF 30 or UE 40 may perform the transfer, or both may support the transfer. In some embodiments, UPF 30 and UE 40 may transfer the offset to at least one of SMF, PCF, or AF. In other embodiments, UPF 30 may transfer the offset to at least one of SMF, PCF, or AF. When one of UPF 30 and UE 40 performs the transfer, either UPF or UE may support the transfer. However, since the UE uses over-the-air resources when performing the transfer, the UPF may conserve resources when performing the transfer. In other embodiments, UE 40 may transfer the offset to at least one of SMF, PCF, or AF. In special circumstances where the UPF is unaware of the TSN clock and only the UE is aware of the TSN clock, such as when TSC traffic is transferred from one UE to another, the UE may transfer the offset.

[0230] When TSCAI is exported, it needs to reflect the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock and correct the CN PDB (Packet Delay Budget) or UE dwell time. These two processes can be performed in one network entity (NE) or another NE. An NE can be a 5GC entity (e.g., Figure 1A(Core network 104). In one embodiment, the AF reflects the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, and the SMF can correct the CN PDB (Packet Delay Budget) or UE dwell time. The AF can use a frequency offset to map the TSN clock-based period to the 5GS clock-based period, and the SMF can be responsible for using a time offset to map the burst arrival time of the TSN clock-based time to the 5GS clock-based time and mapping it to reflect the burst arrival time of CN PDB, UE dwell time, etc. In another embodiment, the AF reflects the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, and the AMF can correct the CN PDB or UE dwell time. In another embodiment, the AF can reflect the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, and the AF can correct the CN PDB or UE dwell time. In another embodiment, the AF reflects the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, and the PCF can correct the CN PDB or UE dwell time. In another embodiment, the SMF reflects the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, and the SMF can correct the CN PDB or UE dwell time. In one embodiment, the SMF reflects the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, and the AMF can correct the CN PDB or UE dwell time. In another embodiment, the SMF reflects the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, and the AF can correct the CN PDB or UE dwell time. In yet another embodiment, the SMF reflects the difference between the 5GS clock and the TSN clock, and the PCF can correct the CN PDB or UE dwell time.

[0231] In this disclosure, the role / signaling of each entity has been described relative to the main entities mapping time offsets and frequency offsets. However, various embodiments are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the entity responsible for mapping time offsets and the entity responsible for mapping frequency offsets can be configured independently of each other. That is, functional separation between the AF and SMF can be performed to obtain information in the TSCAI associated with the TSN clock. According to an embodiment, the AF performs time conversion using time offsets (e.g., mapping associated with the burst arrival time of the TSCAI), and the SMF performs frequency conversion using frequency offsets (e.g., mapping associated with the burst arrival time of the TSCAI). The AF performs time conversion for the TSCAI, and the SMF may only reflect the CN PDB, UE dwell time, etc. within the 5GS. Alternatively, according to one embodiment, the AF maps the period (mapping period information from the TSN clock to the 5G clock) by reflecting only the frequency offset (e.g., frequency ratio), and the SMF may include the CN PDB, UE dwell time, etc., to be responsible for the mapping of burst arrival times.

[0232] In this disclosure, for illustrative purposes, gNB is described as a base station of the access network (AN), but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. That is, embodiments can be applied in the same or similar manner to base stations using a 5G core network, rather than gNBs. For example, in the case where a base station (e.g., eNB) associated with an LTE RAT (Radio Access Technology) is connected to a 5GC (5G Core) instead of an EPC, the base station can be configured according to the already combined... Figures 5 to 55 The first or second solution described can be obtained from TSSAI.

[0233] The methods disclosed in the claims and / or the methods of the various embodiments described in this disclosure may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0234] When these methods are implemented in software, a computer-readable storage medium may be provided for storing one or more programs (software modules). The one or more programs stored in the computer-readable storage medium may be configured to be executed by one or more processors within an electronic device. The at least one program may include instructions that enable the electronic device to perform methods according to various embodiments of this disclosure as defined in the appended claims and / or as disclosed herein.

[0235] The program (software module or software) can be stored in non-volatile memory, including random access memory and flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magneto-optical disk storage devices, compressed optical disk-ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile optical disk (DVD), or other types of optical storage devices or magnetic tape. Alternatively, any combination of some or all of these can form the memory storing the program. Furthermore, an electronic device may include multiple such memories.

[0236] Furthermore, the program can be stored on an attachable storage device that can access the electronic device via a communication network such as the Internet, intranet, local area network (LAN), wide area network (WLAN), and storage area network (SAN), or a combination thereof. This storage device can access the electronic device via an external port. Additionally, a separate storage device on a communication network can access portable electronic devices.

[0237] In the detailed embodiments of this disclosure described above, elements included in this disclosure are represented in a singular or plural form according to the presented embodiments. However, for ease of description, the singular or plural form is appropriately chosen depending on the presented situation, and this disclosure is not limited to elements represented in a singular or plural form. Thus, an element represented in a plural form may include a single element, or an element represented in a singular form may include multiple elements.

[0238] Although this disclosure has been shown and described with reference to various embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method performed by a Session Management Function (SMF) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: Receive a report message from the User Plane Function (UPF) containing information about the offset between 5GS time and Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) time. Send a report ACK message to the UPF; Based on the offset, the burst arrival time of the Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) clock will be mapped to the 5G clock. and Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) containing information about the burst arrival time mapped to the 5G clock is sent to nodes accessing the network. Specifically, if the difference between the offset and the previous offset is greater than a threshold, information about the offset is received from the UPF. Wherein, in the case where the burst arrival time is associated with the downlink, the burst arrival time is determined based on the core network (CN) packet delay budget (PDB), and Wherein, when the burst arrival time is associated with the uplink, the burst arrival time is determined based on the UE dwell time.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, The TSCAI is sent based on the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session modification process.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Receive information from application function (AF); and The TSCAI is determined based on the received information.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Based on the frequency offset between 5GS time and TSN time, the 5G clock will be mapped according to the period of the TSN clock. Information regarding the frequency offset is received from the User Plane Function (UPF), and The TSCAI includes information about the period mapped to the 5G clock.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, If the difference between the frequency offset and the previous frequency offset is greater than a threshold, information about the frequency offset is received from the UPF.

6. A method performed by a node accessing a network in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: Receive Time-Sensitive Communication Auxiliary Information (TSCAI) from the Session Management Function (SMF). The TSCAI contains information about burst arrival times associated with the 5G clock. Specifically, information regarding the burst arrival time associated with the 5G clock is determined based on the offset between the 5GS time and the Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) time provided by the User Plane Function (UPF). Wherein, if the difference between the offset and the previous offset is greater than a threshold, the offset is provided from the UPF. Wherein, in the case where the burst arrival time is associated with the downlink, the burst arrival time is determined based on the core network (CN) packet delay budget (PDB), and Wherein, when the burst arrival time is associated with the uplink, the burst arrival time is determined based on the UE dwell time.

7. An apparatus for a Session Management Function (SMF), a node accessing a network, a User Plane Function (UPF), or an Application Function (AF) in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: At least one transceiver; and At least one processor coupled to the at least one transceiver, The at least one processor is configured to execute any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. An apparatus for accessing a node in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising: At least one transceiver; and At least one processor coupled to the at least one transceiver, The at least one processor is configured to execute claim 6.

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